{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L010","title":"Lesson 10","stage":"Sounds, kana, and the first conversations","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 10: asking what is nearby · dialogue 1 of 3, counting objects and locating things · dialogue 2 of 3, choosing between alternatives · dialogue 3 of 3, stating what exists · pattern 1 1 of 2, asking whether things exist · pattern 1 2 of 2, saying where things are · pattern 2 1 of 2, asking where things are · pattern 2 2 of 2, counting objects with native numbers · pattern 3 1 of 2, asking how many objects · pattern 3 2 of 2, neither one nor the other · pattern 4 1 of 2, correcting either-or questions · pattern 4 2 of 2, place and direction words · word list 1 of 3, locations and numbers one to six · word list 2 of 3, higher numbers and counting questions · word list 3 of 3.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/10","lines":104},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/9","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/11","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Asking what is nearby · Dialogue 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A box and a briefcase","paragraphs":["One speaker asks *ここに なにが ありますか*, \"What is there at this place?\" The answer names a box there.","The speaker then asks about a briefcase. The reply *そこに かばんは ありません* says that no briefcase is there."]},{"title":"What exists and where","paragraphs":["In *そこに はこが あります*, *そこに* gives the place and *はこが* names what exists.","The negative reply changes the particle after *かばん* to *は* in *そこに かばんは ありません*.","The dialogue also uses *この はこの そばに* for \"by this box\" before naming an ink bottle."]},{"title":"Katakana: マ to ヨ","paragraphs":["Each kana is one syllable. Read the kana, then its sound in romaji."]},{"title":"Katakana: ラ to ヲ","paragraphs":["Each kana is one syllable. Read the kana, then its sound in romaji."]},{"title":"Katakana: ン to ン","paragraphs":["Each kana is one syllable. Read the kana, then its sound in romaji."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L010.dlg.001","source":"ここに なにが ありますか。","translation":"What is there at this place (here)?","reading":"ここになにがありますか。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"なに","gloss":"what"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L010.dlg.002","source":"そこに はこが あります。","translation":"There is a box there.","reading":"そこにはこがあります。","words":[{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"はこ","gloss":"box"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L010.dlg.003","source":"ここに かばんも ありますか。","translation":"Is there a briefcase here, too?","reading":"ここにかばんもありますか。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"かばん","gloss":"briefcase"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L010.dlg.004","source":"いいえ、 そこに かばんは ありません。","translation":"No, there is no briefcase there.","reading":"いいえ、そこにかばんはありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"かばん","gloss":"briefcase"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L010.dlg.005","source":"この はこの そばに なにが ありますか。","translation":"What is there by this box?","reading":"このはこのそばになにがありますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"box's"},{"text":"この","gloss":"box's"},{"text":"そば","gloss":"side"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"なに","gloss":"what"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L010.dlg.006","source":"その はこの そばに インキの ビンが あります。","translation":"There is an ink bottle by that box.","reading":"そのはこのそばにインキのビンがあります。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"box's"},{"text":"この","gloss":"box's"},{"text":"そば","gloss":"side"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"インキ","gloss":"ink"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ビン","gloss":"bottle"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"Particles GA and WA\n\nThe particle GA is used to denote that the preceding substantive is the subject of a sentence. It has been noted in Grammar Note 3, Lesson 1, that the particle WA also indicates the subject of a sentence. However, the two particles GA and WA are not interchangeable. The fundamental difference between them lies in the position of emphasis they play. GA places emphasis on the subject of a sentence, whereas WA places emphasis on the predicate. This difference will be explained more fully in the following Note 3. In Pattern 1 of this lesson, GA is used with a positive existential verb ARIMASU and WA is used with a negative existential verb ARIMASEN.\n\nExamples:\n\nHON GA ARIMASU. \"There is a book.\"\n\nKAMI GA ARIMASU. \"There is a paper.\"\n\nHAKUBOKU WA ARIMASEN. \"There is no chalk.\""},{"section":2,"text":"Place pronouns and locative phrases\n\nKOKO, SOKO, ASOKO (ASUKO)\n\nKOKO 'this place' (here), SOKO 'that place' (there) and ASOKO 'that place over there' (over there) are all place pronouns. Students must memorize these words as a set of important place pronouns. Their relations are similar to those of KORE, SORE, and ARE or KONO, SONO, and ANO.\n\nLocative phrases with the Particle NI\n\nPlaced immediately after place nouns in sentences with existential verbs, the particle NI indicates the place of existence. Some of the place nouns used in this lesson are: SOBA 'vicinity,' MAE 'front,' USHIRO 'rear,' MIGI 'right,' and HIDARI 'left.'\n\nLocative phrases to indicate specific places of existence are formed by the pattern:\n\nNoun or pronoun + NO + place noun + NI\n\nHAKO NO UE NI 'on top of the box'\n\nHAKO NO MAE NI 'in front of the box'\n\nHAKO NO USHIRO NI 'behind the box'\n\nHAKO NO SOBA NI 'near the box'\n\nHAKO NO MIGI NI 'to the right of the box'\n\nHAKO NO HIDARI NI 'to the left of the box'"},{"section":3,"text":"Difference between WA and GA\n\nPlace of emphasis\n\nWhen used to denote the subject of a sentence, WA emphasizes the predicate whereas GA emphasizes the subject.\n\nKORE WA NAN DESU KA? \"What is this?\"\n\nSORE WA HON DESU. \"That's a book.\"\n\nSentence (2) above is the answer to Question (1). Both the question and answer require emphasis on the predicate. That is, the questioner and the one who answers the question are more concerned about whether this is a book or something else than whether this or that is a book.\n\nHON WA DOKO NI ARIMASU KA? \"Where is the book?\"\n\nHON WA TSUKUE NO UE NI ARIMASU. \"The book is on the desk.\"\n\nSentence (4) is the answer to question (3). Here both the questioner and the one who answers the question know what the book is, and they are not concerned about what is on the desk, but the questioner wants to know where the book is.\n\nISU NO UE NI NANI GA ARIMASU KA? \"What is on the chair?\"\n\nISU NO UE NI BOOSHI GA ARIMASU. \"There is a hat on the chair.\"\n\nSentence (6) is the answer to question (5). Here the questioner wants to know what is on the desk and not where the thing is.\n\nThus, when the subject of an interrogative sentence is or contains an interrogative pronoun (NANI, DONATA, DARE, etc.) that subject and the subject of the answer to the question are denoted by the particle GA.\n\nTo make the usage of WA and GA simpler, the following locative sentence patterns may be helpful for students. That is:\n\nPlace NI Subject GA ARIMASU.\n\nSubject WA Place NI ARIMASU."},{"section":4,"text":"Numbers as quantitative adverbs\n\nIn Japanese numbers are commonly used as quantative adverbs. Since numbers represent quantity, no particle is used after them when used adverbially. The usual position of numbers in sentences is immediately in front of verbs.\n\nHAKO GA HITOTSU ARIMASU. \"There is one box.\"\n\nISU GA YOTTSU ARIMASU. \"There are four chairs.\""},{"section":5,"text":"Numerals of Series I\n\nThere are two major sets of numerals up to ten in Japanese, one of them is borrowed from the Chinese language (numerals of series II) and the other is native (Numerals of Series I). This native set is as follows:\n\nNumerals of Series I | \nHITOTSU - 1 | MUTTSU - 6\nFUTATSU - 2 | NANATSU - 7\nMITTSU - 3 | YATTSU - 8\nYOTTSU - 4 | KOKONOTSU - 9\nITSUTSU - 5 | TOO - 10\n\nThe numerals borrowed from the Chinese language (numerals of Series II) will be explained later, as they are introduced later in the course."},{"section":6,"text":"DEMO--DEMO ARIMASEN / NIMO--NIMO ARIMASEN\n\nDEMO--DEMO ARIMASEN.\n\nWhen used after each of two or more substantives which are the predicates of a sentence ending in a negative predicate, the DEMO expresses the meaning of '--- is neither--nor ---.' In the following examples, if sentences (1) and (2) are combined, sentence (3) will result.\n\nExamples:\n\nKORE WA HON DEWA ARIMASEN. \"This is not a book.\"\n\nKORE WA ENPITSU DEWA ARIMASEN. \"This is not a pencil.\"\n\nKORE WA HON DEMO ENPITSU DEMO ARIMASEN. \"This is neither a book nor a pencil.\"\n\nNIMO--NIMO ARIMASEN\n\nWhen used after each of two or more place nouns plus NI which are the predicates of a sentence ending in a negative predicate, the NIMO expresses the meaning of 'neither in (on) --- nor in (on) ---.' In the following examples, if sentences (1) and (2) are combined, sentence (3) will result.\n\nExamples:\n\nENPITSU WA HAKO NO NAKA NIWA ARIMASEN. \"The pencil is not in the box.\"\n\nENPITSU WA HAKO NO SHITA NIWA ARIMASEN. \"The pencil is not under the box.\"\n\nENPITSU WA HAKO NO NAKA NIMO SHITA NIMO ARIMASEN. \"The pencil is neither in the box nor under the box.\""}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"word":"そば","gloss":"vicinity"},{"word":"インキ","gloss":"ink"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"ビン","gloss":"bottle"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Counting objects and locating things · Dialogue 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Windows, chairs, and a blackboard","paragraphs":["One speaker asks how many windows and chairs are in the room. The replies count each group and state its total.","The final exchange asks *こくばんは どこに ありますか*, \"Where is the blackboard?\" It is behind the other speaker."]},{"title":"A number before the verb","paragraphs":["In *この へやに まどが ひとつ、 ふたつ、 みっつ、 よっつ、 よっつ あります*, the final *よっつ* gives the total of four windows.","The chair count runs from *ひとつ* through *とお*. These native numerals state how many objects exist."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L010.dlg.007","source":"この へやに まどが いくつ ありますか。 かぞえてください。","translation":"How many windows are there in this room? Please count.","reading":"このへやにまどがいくつありますか。かぞえてください。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"へや","gloss":"room"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"まど","gloss":"window"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いく","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"かぞえ","gloss":"please count"},{"text":"て","gloss":"please count"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please count"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L010.dlg.008","source":"この へやに まどが ひとつ、 ふたつ、 みっつ、 よっつ、 よっつ あります。","translation":"One, two, three, four--there are four windows in this room.","reading":"このへやにまどがひとつ、ふたつ、みっつ、よっつ、よっつあります。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"へや","gloss":"room"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"まど","gloss":"window"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ひと","gloss":"one"},{"text":"つ、","gloss":"one"},{"text":"ふた","gloss":"two"},{"text":"つ、","gloss":"two"},{"text":"みっ","gloss":"three"},{"text":"つ、","gloss":"three"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"four"},{"text":"つ、","gloss":"four"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"four"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"four"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L010.dlg.009","source":"いすが いくつ ありますか。 かぞえてください。","translation":"How many chairs are there? Please count.","reading":"いすがいくつありますか。かぞえてください。","words":[{"text":"いす","gloss":"chair"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いく","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"かぞえ","gloss":"count"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L010.dlg.010","source":"いすが ひとつ、 ふたつ、 みっつ、 よっつ、 いつつ、 むっつ、 ななつ、 やっつ、 ここのつ、 とお、 とお あります。","translation":"One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten--there are ten chairs.","reading":"いすがひとつ、ふたつ、みっつ、よっつ、いつつ、むっつ、ななつ、やっつ、ここのつ、とお、とおあります。","words":[{"text":"いす","gloss":"chair"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ひと","gloss":"one"},{"text":"つ、","gloss":"one"},{"text":"ふた","gloss":"two"},{"text":"つ、","gloss":"two"},{"text":"みっ","gloss":"three"},{"text":"つ、","gloss":"three"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"four"},{"text":"つ、","gloss":"four"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"five"},{"text":"つ、","gloss":"five"},{"text":"むっ","gloss":"six"},{"text":"つ、","gloss":"six"},{"text":"なな","gloss":"seven"},{"text":"つ、","gloss":"seven"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"eight"},{"text":"つ、","gloss":"eight"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"nine"},{"text":"の","gloss":"nine"},{"text":"つ、","gloss":"nine"},{"text":"とお、","gloss":"ten"},{"text":"と","gloss":"ten"},{"text":"お","gloss":"ten"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L010.dlg.011","source":"こくばんは どこに ありますか。","translation":"Where is the blackboard?","reading":"こくばんはどこにありますか。","words":[{"text":"こくばん","gloss":"blackboard"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L010.dlg.012","source":"こくばんは あなたの うしろに あります。","translation":"The blackboard is behind you.","reading":"こくばんはあなたのうしろにあります。","words":[{"text":"こくばん","gloss":"blackboard"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"うしろ","gloss":"behind"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"へや","gloss":"room"},{"word":"とお、","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"うしろ","gloss":"back, behind, rear"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Choosing between alternatives · Dialogue 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Right, left, or in front","paragraphs":["One speaker asks whether a wastepaper basket is on the right or left. The reply rejects both places and puts it in front.","Another exchange offers a pen and a pencil as alternatives. The answer rejects both and identifies an eraser."]},{"title":"Neither alternative","paragraphs":["In *それは ペンでも えんぴつでも ありません*, repeated *でも* rejects both proposed identities.","In *あなたの みぎにも、 ひだりにも ありません*, repeated *にも* rejects both proposed locations."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L010.dlg.013","source":"ほうぐかごは わたくしの みぎに ありますか、 ひだりに ありますか。","translation":"Is the wastepaper basket on my right or is it on my left?","reading":"ほうぐかごはわたくしのみぎにありますか、ひだりにありますか。","words":[{"text":"ほ","gloss":"wastepaper basket"},{"text":"うぐ","gloss":"wastepaper basket"},{"text":"かご","gloss":"wastepaper basket"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"me"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"みぎ","gloss":"right"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ひだり","gloss":"left"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L010.dlg.014","source":"ほうぐかごは あなたの みぎにも、 ひだりにも ありません。 あなたの まえに あります。","translation":"The wastepaper basket is neither on your right nor on your left, it is in front of you.","reading":"ほうぐかごはあなたのみぎにも、ひだりにもありません。あなたのまえにあります。","words":[{"text":"ほ","gloss":"wastepaper basket"},{"text":"うぐ","gloss":"wastepaper basket"},{"text":"かご","gloss":"wastepaper basket"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"みぎ","gloss":"right"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"either"},{"text":"ひだり","gloss":"left"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"まえ","gloss":"front"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L010.dlg.015","source":"これは ペンですか、 えんぴつですか。","translation":"Is this a pen or is it a pencil?","reading":"これはペンですか、えんぴつですか。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ペン","gloss":"pen"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"question"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L010.dlg.016","source":"それは ペンでも えんぴつでも ありません。 それは けしごむです。","translation":"That is neither a pen nor a pencil. That is an eraser.","reading":"それはペンでもえんぴつでもありません。それはけしごむです。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ペン","gloss":"pen"},{"text":"で","gloss":"as"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"で","gloss":"as"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"けし","gloss":"eraser"},{"text":"ごむ","gloss":"eraser"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L010.dlg.017","source":"ニューヨークしは どこ に ありますか。","translation":"Where is New York City?","reading":"ニューヨークしはどこにありますか。","words":[{"text":"ニューヨーク","gloss":"New York City"},{"text":"し","gloss":"New York City"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L010.dlg.018","source":"ニューヨークしは ニューヨークしゅうに あります。","translation":"New York City is in New York State.","reading":"ニューヨークしはニューヨークしゅうにあります。","words":[{"text":"ニューヨーク","gloss":"New York City"},{"text":"し","gloss":"New York City"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ニューヨーク","gloss":"New York State"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"New York State"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"みぎ","gloss":"right"},{"word":"ひだり","gloss":"left"},{"word":"まえ","gloss":"front"},{"word":"ペン","gloss":"pen"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"しゅう","gloss":"state"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Stating what exists · Pattern 1 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A box exists","paragraphs":["*はこが あります* means \"There is a box.\" The particle *が* marks the box as what exists."]},{"title":"Positive が and negative は","paragraphs":["With positive *あります*, the existing thing takes *が*. *ほんが あります* means \"There is a book.\"","With negative *ありません*, the absent thing takes *は*. *えんぴつは ありません* means \"There is no pencil.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt1.m1","source":"はこが あります。","translation":"There is a box.","reading":"はこがあります。","words":[{"text":"はこ","gloss":"box"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt1.01","source":"えんぴつは ありません。","translation":"There is no pencil.","reading":"えんぴつはありません。","words":[{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt1.02","source":"ほんが あります。","translation":"There is a book.","reading":"ほんがあります。","words":[{"text":"ほん","gloss":"book"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt1.03","source":"けしごむが あります。","translation":"There is an eraser.","reading":"けしごむがあります。","words":[{"text":"けし","gloss":"eraser"},{"text":"ごむ","gloss":"eraser"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt1.04","source":"かみが あります。","translation":"There is a paper.","reading":"かみがあります。","words":[{"text":"かみ","gloss":"paper"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt1.05","source":"ほうぐかごは ありません。","translation":"There is no wastepaper basket.","reading":"ほうぐかごはありません。","words":[{"text":"ほ","gloss":"wastepaper basket"},{"text":"うぐ","gloss":"wastepaper basket"},{"text":"かご","gloss":"wastepaper basket"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt1.06","source":"まどは ありません。","translation":"There is no window.","reading":"まどはありません。","words":[{"text":"まど","gloss":"window"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt1.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking whether things exist · Pattern 1 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Is there a pen","paragraphs":["*ペンが ありますか* means \"Is there a pen?\" The question marks the possible existing item with *が*."]},{"title":"No pen, but a pencil","paragraphs":["*いいえ、 ペンは ありません。 えんぴつが あります* means \"No, there is no pen. There is a pencil.\"","The denied item takes *は*, as in *ペンは ありません*. The item that exists takes *が*, as in *えんぴつが あります*."]}],"lines":[{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt1.07","source":"とけいは ありません。","translation":"There is no clock.","reading":"とけいはありません。","words":[{"text":"とけい","gloss":"clock"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt1.08","source":"きょうかしょが ありますか。","translation":"Is there a textbook?","reading":"きょうかしょがありますか。","words":[{"text":"きょうか","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt1.09","source":"いいえ、 きょうかしょは ありません。","translation":"No, there is no textbook.","reading":"いいえ、きょうかしょはありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"きょうか","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt1.10","source":"ペンが ありますか。","translation":"Is there a pen?","reading":"ペンがありますか。","words":[{"text":"ペン","gloss":"pen"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt1.11","source":"いいえ、 ペンは ありません。 えんぴつが あります。","translation":"No, there is no pen. There is a pencil.","reading":"いいえ、ペンはありません。えんぴつがあります。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"ペン","gloss":"pen"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt1.12","source":"つくえが ありますか。","translation":"Is there a desk?","reading":"つくえがありますか。","words":[{"text":"つくえ","gloss":"desk"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt1.13","source":"いいえ、 つくえは ありません。 いすが あります。","translation":"No, there is no desk. There is a chair.","reading":"いいえ、つくえはありません。いすがあります。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"つくえ","gloss":"desk"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"},{"text":"いす","gloss":"chair"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt1.13.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying where things are · Pattern 2 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The place before に","paragraphs":["*ここに えんぴつが あります* means \"There is a pencil here.\" The place *ここ* takes *に* before the thing that exists.","*わたくしの まえに つくえが あります* means \"There is a desk in front of me.\" Here *の* joins the person to *まえ*."]},{"title":"Asking what is there","paragraphs":["*ここに なにが ありますか* means \"What is here?\" When the question asks what exists, *なに* takes *が*.","The answer *ここに ほんが あります* also marks the named thing with *が*. The place remains first."]}],"lines":[{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt2.m1","source":"ここに えんぴつが あります。","translation":"There is a pencil here.","reading":"ここにえんぴつがあります。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt2.01","source":"はこのそばに ペンが あります。","translation":"There is a pen by the box.","reading":"はこのそばにペンがあります。","words":[{"text":"は","gloss":"box"},{"text":"この","gloss":"box"},{"text":"そば","gloss":"beside"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"ペン","gloss":"pen"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt2.02","source":"ここに なにが ありますか。","translation":"What is here?","reading":"ここになにがありますか。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"なに","gloss":"what"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt2.03","source":"ここに ほんが あります。","translation":"There is a book here.","reading":"ここにほんがあります。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"ほん","gloss":"book"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt2.04","source":"そこに こくばんが あります。","translation":"There is a blackboard there.","reading":"そこにこくばんがあります。","words":[{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"こくばん","gloss":"blackboard"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt2.05","source":"あそこに とけいが あります。","translation":"There is a clock over there.","reading":"あそこにとけいがあります。","words":[{"text":"あそこ","gloss":"over there"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"とけい","gloss":"clock"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt2.05.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt2.06","source":"わたくしの まえに つくえが あります。","translation":"There is a desk in front of me.","reading":"わたくしのまえにつくえがあります。","words":[{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"me"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"まえ","gloss":"front"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"つくえ","gloss":"desk"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt2.07","source":"わたくしの うしろに こくばんが あります。","translation":"There is a blackboard behind me.","reading":"わたくしのうしろにこくばんがあります。","words":[{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"me"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"うしろ","gloss":"behind"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"こくばん","gloss":"blackboard"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt2.07.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt2.08","source":"あなたの みぎに ほうぐかごが あります。","translation":"There is a wastepaper basket on your right.","reading":"あなたのみぎにほうぐかごがあります。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"みぎ","gloss":"right"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"ほ","gloss":"wastepaper basket"},{"text":"うぐ","gloss":"wastepaper basket"},{"text":"かご","gloss":"wastepaper basket"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt2.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"あそこ","gloss":"over there"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking where things are · Pattern 2 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"What is behind you","paragraphs":["*あなたの うしろに なにが ありますか* means \"What is behind you?\" The place comes first, and *なに* takes *が*.","The answer *わたくしの うしろに まどが あります* supplies the place and marks the window with *が*."]},{"title":"Where the map is","paragraphs":["*どこに ちずが ありますか* means \"Where is the map?\" Here *どこに* asks for its location.","*わたくしの みぎに ちずが あります* answers with \"on my right\" before naming the map."]}],"lines":[{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt2.09","source":"あなたの ひだりに かばんが あります。","translation":"There is a briefcase on your left.","reading":"あなたのひだりにかばんがあります。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ひだり","gloss":"left"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"かばん","gloss":"briefcase"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt2.10","source":"そこに なにが ありますか。","translation":"What is there?","reading":"そこになにがありますか。","words":[{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"なに","gloss":"what"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt2.11","source":"ここに いすが あります。","translation":"There is a chair here.","reading":"ここにいすがあります。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"いす","gloss":"chair"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt2.11.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt2.12","source":"あそこに なにが ありますか。","translation":"What is over there?","reading":"あそこになにがありますか。","words":[{"text":"あそこ","gloss":"over there"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"なに","gloss":"what"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt2.12.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt2.13","source":"あそこに こくばんが あります。","translation":"There is a blackboard over there.","reading":"あそこにこくばんがあります。","words":[{"text":"あそこ","gloss":"over there"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"こくばん","gloss":"blackboard"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt2.13.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt2.14","source":"あなたの うしろに なにが ありますか。","translation":"What is behind you?","reading":"あなたのうしろになにがありますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"うしろ","gloss":"behind"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"なに","gloss":"what"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt2.14.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt2.15","source":"わたくしの うしろに まどが あります。","translation":"There is a window behind me.","reading":"わたくしのうしろにまどがあります。","words":[{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"me"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"うしろ","gloss":"behind"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"まど","gloss":"window"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt2.15.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt2.16","source":"どこに ちずが ありますか。","translation":"Where is the map?","reading":"どこにちずがありますか。","words":[{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"ちず","gloss":"map"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt2.16.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt2.17","source":"わたくしの みぎに ちずが あります。","translation":"There is a map on my right.","reading":"わたくしのみぎにちずがあります。","words":[{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"me"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"みぎ","gloss":"right"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"ちず","gloss":"map"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt2.17.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Counting objects with native numbers · Pattern 3 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The number before あります","paragraphs":["*つくえの うえに はこが みっつ あります* means \"There are three boxes on top of the desk.\"","A numeral that gives the quantity has no particle after it. It stands immediately before *あります*, as *みっつ* does here."]},{"title":"The native numerals","paragraphs":["Japanese has a native set of numerals from one through ten.","The set is *ひとつ*, *ふたつ*, *みっつ*, *よっつ*, *いつつ*, *むっつ*, *ななつ*, *やっつ*, *ここのつ*, and *とお*.","*ほうぐかごが ふたつ あります* uses *ふたつ* to state that two wastepaper baskets exist."]}],"lines":[{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt3.m1","source":"つくえの うえに はこが みっつ あります。","translation":"There are three boxes on top of the desk.","reading":"つくえのうえにはこがみっつあります。","words":[{"text":"つくえ","gloss":"desk"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"うえ","gloss":"top"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"はこ","gloss":"box"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"みっ","gloss":"three"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"three"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt3.m1.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt3.01","source":"はこの なかに けしごむが みっつ あります。","translation":"There are three erasers in the box.","reading":"はこのなかにけしごむがみっつあります。","words":[{"text":"は","gloss":"box"},{"text":"この","gloss":"box"},{"text":"なか","gloss":"inside"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"けし","gloss":"eraser"},{"text":"ごむ","gloss":"eraser"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"みっ","gloss":"three"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"three"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt3.01.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt3.02","source":"この きょうしつに でんとうが よっつ あります。","translation":"There are four lights in this classroom.","reading":"このきょうしつにでんとうがよっつあります。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"きょうしつ","gloss":"classroom"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"で","gloss":"light"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"light"},{"text":"とう","gloss":"light"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"four"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"four"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt3.02.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt3.03","source":"この きょうしつに まどが いっつ あります。","translation":"There are five windows in this classroom.","reading":"このきょうしつにまどがいっつあります。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"きょうしつ","gloss":"classroom"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"まど","gloss":"window"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いっつ","gloss":"five"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt3.03.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt3.04","source":"ここに つくえが ひとつ あります。","translation":"There is a desk here.","reading":"ここにつくえがひとつあります。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"つくえ","gloss":"desk"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ひと","gloss":"one"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt3.04.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt3.05","source":"ほうぐかごが ふたつ あります。","translation":"There are two wastepaper baskets.","reading":"ほうぐかごがふたつあります。","words":[{"text":"ほ","gloss":"wastepaper basket"},{"text":"うぐ","gloss":"wastepaper basket"},{"text":"かご","gloss":"wastepaper basket"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ふた","gloss":"two"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"two"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt3.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking how many objects · Pattern 3 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"How many chairs","paragraphs":["*この きょうしつに いすが いくつ ありますか* means \"How many chairs are there in this classroom?\"","*いくつ* takes the quantity position immediately before *あります* and asks how many objects exist."]},{"title":"Nine chairs","paragraphs":["*この きょうしつに いすが ここのつ あります* answers that there are nine chairs.","The answer replaces *いくつ* with the native numeral *ここのつ*. No particle follows the numeral."]}],"lines":[{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt3.06","source":"この きょうしつに いすが いくつ ありますか。","translation":"How many chairs are there in this classroom?","reading":"このきょうしつにいすがいくつありますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"きょうしつ","gloss":"classroom"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"いす","gloss":"chair"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いく","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt3.06.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt3.07","source":"この きょうしつに いすが ここのつ あります。","translation":"There are nine chairs in this classroom.","reading":"このきょうしつにいすがここのつあります。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"きょうしつ","gloss":"classroom"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"いす","gloss":"chair"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"nine"},{"text":"の","gloss":"nine"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"nine"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt3.07.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt3.08","source":"この きょうしつに こくばんが いくつ ありますか。","translation":"How many blackboards are there in this classroom?","reading":"このきょうしつにこくばんがいくつありますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"きょうしつ","gloss":"classroom"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"こくばん","gloss":"blackboard"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いく","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt3.08.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt3.09","source":"この きょうしつに こくばんが ふたつ あります。","translation":"There are two blackboards in this classroom.","reading":"このきょうしつにこくばんがふたつあります。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"きょうしつ","gloss":"classroom"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"こくばん","gloss":"blackboard"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ふた","gloss":"two"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"two"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt3.09.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt3.10","source":"ここに こくばんふきが いくつ ありますか。","translation":"How many blackboard erasers are there here?","reading":"ここにこくばんふきがいくつありますか。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"こくばん","gloss":"blackboard eraser"},{"text":"ふき","gloss":"blackboard eraser"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いく","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt3.10.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt3.11","source":"そこに こくばんふきが ふたつ あります。","translation":"There are two blackboard erasers there.","reading":"そこにこくばんふきがふたつあります。","words":[{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"こくばん","gloss":"blackboard eraser"},{"text":"ふき","gloss":"blackboard eraser"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ふた","gloss":"two"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"two"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt3.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Neither one nor the other · Pattern 4 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Neither one nor the other","paragraphs":["*これは ペンでも えんぴつでも ありません* means \"This is neither a pen nor a pencil.\"","In a negative sentence, *でも* after each proposed identity means \"neither\" and \"nor\".","*まどは わたくしの まえにも うしろにも ありません* means the window is neither in front of nor behind the speaker.","After two place words, repeated *にも* combines with *ありません* to reject both locations."]}],"lines":[{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt4.m1","source":"これは ペンでも えんぴつでも ありません。","translation":"This is neither a pen nor a pencil.","reading":"これはペンでもえんぴつでもありません。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ペン","gloss":"pen"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt4.m1.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt4.01","source":"まどは わたくしの まえにも うしろにも ありません。","translation":"The window is neither in front of me nor behind me.","reading":"まどはわたくしのまえにもうしろにもありません。","words":[{"text":"まど","gloss":"window"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"me"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"まえ","gloss":"front"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"うしろ","gloss":"behind"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt4.01.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt4.02","source":"これは えんぴつ でも はし でも ありません。","translation":"This is neither a pencil nor a chopstick.","reading":"これはえんぴつでもはしでもありません。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"はし","gloss":"chopstick"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt4.02.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt4.03","source":"わたくしは しょうこうでも かしかんでも ありません。","translation":"I am neither an officer nor a NCO.","reading":"わたくしはしょうこうでもかしかんでもありません。","words":[{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"I"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"しょうこう","gloss":"officer"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"かし","gloss":"NCO"},{"text":"かん","gloss":"NCO"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt4.03.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt4.04","source":"これは あかいはなでも あおいはなでも ありません。","translation":"This is neither a red flower nor a blue flower.","reading":"これはあかいはなでもあおいはなでもありません。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"あおい","gloss":"blue"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt4.04.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt4.05","source":"いすは そこにも ここにも ありません。","translation":"The chair is neither here nor there.","reading":"いすはそこにもここにもありません。","words":[{"text":"いす","gloss":"chair"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt4.05.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt4.06","source":"こくばんは わたくしの みぎにも ひだりにも ありません。","translation":"The blackboard is neither on my right nor on my left.","reading":"こくばんはわたくしのみぎにもひだりにもありません。","words":[{"text":"こくばん","gloss":"blackboard"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"me"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"みぎ","gloss":"right"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"ひだり","gloss":"left"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt4.06.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt4.07","source":"えんぴつは はこの うえにも したにも ありません。","translation":"The pencil is neither on top of the box nor under it.","reading":"えんぴつははこのうえにもしたにもありません。","words":[{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"は","gloss":"box"},{"text":"この","gloss":"box"},{"text":"うえ","gloss":"top"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"し","gloss":"under"},{"text":"た","gloss":"under"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt4.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"word":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"word":"あおい","gloss":"blue"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Correcting either-or questions · Pattern 4 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Neither answer is correct","paragraphs":["*それは はしでも えんぴつでも ありません* rejects both identities in the question.","The next sentence, *それは ペンです*, gives the correct identity: \"That is a pen.\""]},{"title":"The correct place","paragraphs":["*つくえは あなたの うしろにも みぎにも ありません* rejects both proposed places for the desk.","*あなたの まえに あります* then gives its location: \"in front of you.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt4.08","source":"これは はしですか、 えんぴつですか。","translation":"Is this a chopstick or is it a pencil?","reading":"これははしですか、えんぴつですか。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"はし","gloss":"chopstick"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"question"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt4.08.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt4.09","source":"それは はしでも えんぴつでも ありません。 それは ペンです。","translation":"That is neither a chopstick nor a pencil. That is a pen.","reading":"それははしでもえんぴつでもありません。それはペンです。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"はし","gloss":"chopstick"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ペン","gloss":"pen"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt4.09.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt4.10","source":"スミスさんは ぐんそうですか、 そうちょうですか。","translation":"Is Mr. Smith a sergeant or a master sergeant?","reading":"スミスさんはぐんそうですか、そうちょうですか。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ぐ","gloss":"sergeant"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"sergeant"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"sergeant"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"question"},{"text":"そうちょう","gloss":"master sergeant"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt4.10.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt4.11","source":"スミスさんは ぐんそうでも そうちょうでも ありません。 ごちょうです。","translation":"Mr. Smith is neither a sergeant nor a master sergeant. He is a corporal.","reading":"スミスさんはぐんそうでもそうちょうでもありません。ごちょうです。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ぐ","gloss":"sergeant"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"sergeant"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"sergeant"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"そうちょう","gloss":"master sergeant"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ご","gloss":"corporal"},{"text":"ちょう","gloss":"corporal"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt4.11.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt4.12","source":"つくえは わたくしの うしろに ありますか、 みぎに ありますか。","translation":"Is the desk behind me or on my right?","reading":"つくえはわたくしのうしろにありますか、みぎにありますか。","words":[{"text":"つくえ","gloss":"desk"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"me"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"うしろ","gloss":"behind"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"question"},{"text":"みぎ","gloss":"right"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt4.12.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt4.13","source":"つくえは あなたの うしろにも みぎにも ありません。 あなたの まえに あります。","translation":"The desk is neither behind you nor on your right, it is in front of you.","reading":"つくえはあなたのうしろにもみぎにもありません。あなたのまえにあります。","words":[{"text":"つくえ","gloss":"desk"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"うしろ","gloss":"behind"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"みぎ","gloss":"right"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"まえ","gloss":"front"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt4.13.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt4.14","source":"えんぴつは はこの うえに ありますか、 なかに ありますか。","translation":"Is the pencil on top of the box or inside of it?","reading":"えんぴつははこのうえにありますか、なかにありますか。","words":[{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"は","gloss":"box"},{"text":"この","gloss":"box"},{"text":"うえ","gloss":"top"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"question"},{"text":"なか","gloss":"inside"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt4.14.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L010.pt4.15","source":"えんぴつは はこの うえにも なかにも ありません。 はこの そばに あります。","translation":"The pencil is neither on top of the box nor inside the box. It is by the box.","reading":"えんぴつははこのうえにもなかにもありません。はこのそばにあります。","words":[{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"は","gloss":"box"},{"text":"この","gloss":"box"},{"text":"うえ","gloss":"top"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"なか","gloss":"inside"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"は","gloss":"box"},{"text":"この","gloss":"box"},{"text":"そば","gloss":"beside"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.pt4.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"そうちょう","gloss":"master sergeant"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Place and direction words · Word list 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Places and relative positions","paragraphs":["This set covers rooms, regions, and positions around a reference point.","*へや* means \"room\". *そば* means \"vicinity\", and *うしろ* means \"back, behind, rear\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.001","source":"へや","translation":"room","reading":"へや","words":[{"text":"へや","gloss":"room"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.001.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.002","source":"し","translation":"city","reading":"し","words":[{"text":"し","gloss":"city"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.002.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.003","source":"しゅう","translation":"state","reading":"しゅう","words":[{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"state"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.003.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.004","source":"そば","translation":"vicinity","reading":"そば","words":[{"text":"そば","gloss":"vicinity"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.004.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.005","source":"まえ","translation":"front","reading":"まえ","words":[{"text":"まえ","gloss":"front"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.005.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.006","source":"うしろ","translation":"back, behind, rear","reading":"うしろ","words":[{"text":"うしろ","gloss":"behind"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.006.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.007","source":"みぎ","translation":"right","reading":"みぎ","words":[{"text":"みぎ","gloss":"right"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.007.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.008","source":"ひだり","translation":"left","reading":"ひだり","words":[{"text":"ひだり","gloss":"left"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.008.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.009","source":"ここ","translation":"here","reading":"ここ","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.009.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Locations and numbers one to six · Word list 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"There and one through six","paragraphs":["*そこ* means \"there\", and *あそこ* means \"over there\".","The same set gives the native numerals from one through six, beginning with *ひとつ*, \"one\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.010","source":"そこ","translation":"there","reading":"そこ","words":[{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.010.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.011","source":"あそこ","translation":"over there","reading":"あそこ","words":[{"text":"あそこ","gloss":"over there"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.011.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.012","source":"あすこ","translation":"over there","reading":"あすこ","words":[{"text":"あすこ","gloss":"over there"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.012.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.013","source":"ひとつ","translation":"one","reading":"ひとつ","words":[{"text":"ひとつ","gloss":"one"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.013.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.014","source":"ふたつ","translation":"two","reading":"ふたつ","words":[{"text":"ふたつ","gloss":"two"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.014.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.015","source":"みっつ","translation":"three","reading":"みっつ","words":[{"text":"みっつ","gloss":"three"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.015.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.016","source":"よっつ","translation":"four","reading":"よっつ","words":[{"text":"よっつ","gloss":"four"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.016.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.017","source":"いつつ","translation":"five","reading":"いつつ","words":[{"text":"いつつ","gloss":"five"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.017.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.018","source":"むっつ","translation":"six","reading":"むっつ","words":[{"text":"むっつ","gloss":"six"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"あすこ","gloss":"over there"},{"word":"ひとつ","gloss":"one"},{"word":"ふたつ","gloss":"two"},{"word":"みっつ","gloss":"three"},{"word":"よっつ","gloss":"four"},{"word":"いつつ","gloss":"five"},{"word":"むっつ","gloss":"six"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Higher numbers and counting questions · Word list 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Higher numbers and counting","paragraphs":["This set completes the native numerals and adds expressions for counting and rejecting two alternatives.","*ななつ* means \"seven\". *いくつ* means \"How many?\" The form *--にも--にも ありません* rejects two locations."]}],"lines":[{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.019","source":"ななつ","translation":"seven","reading":"ななつ","words":[{"text":"ななつ","gloss":"seven"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.019.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.020","source":"やっつ","translation":"eight","reading":"やっつ","words":[{"text":"やっつ","gloss":"eight"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.020.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.021","source":"ここのつ","translation":"nine","reading":"ここのつ","words":[{"text":"ここのつ","gloss":"nine"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.021.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.022","source":"とお","translation":"ten","reading":"とお","words":[{"text":"とお","gloss":"ten"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.022.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.023","source":"---でも---でも ありません","translation":"neither--nor (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"---でも---でもありません","words":[{"text":"---でも---でもありません","gloss":"neither nor"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.023.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.024","source":"--にも--にも ありません","translation":"neither--nor-- (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"--にも--にもありません","words":[{"text":"--にも--にもありません","gloss":"neither nor"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.024.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.025","source":"かぞえてください。","translation":"Please count.","reading":"かぞえてください。","words":[{"text":"かぞえてください。","gloss":"please count"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.025.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L010.w.026","source":"いくつ","translation":"How many?","reading":"いくつ","words":[{"text":"いくつ","gloss":"how many"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L010.w.026.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":7,"text":"Homework Assignment\n\n1 Listen to the tape and practice pronunciation.\n\n2 Memorize the Dialogue.\n\n3 Read the Grammar Notes.\n\n4 Practice reading and writing of KATAKANA."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ななつ","gloss":"seven"},{"word":"やっつ","gloss":"eight"},{"word":"ここのつ","gloss":"nine"},{"word":"とお","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"---でも---でもありません","gloss":"neither--nor (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"--にも--にもありません","gloss":"neither--nor-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"かぞえてください。","gloss":"Please count."},{"word":"いくつ","gloss":"How many?"}],"paradigms":[]}]}