{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L103","title":"Lesson 103","stage":"Reading Japan","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 103: describing a narrow sandbar · dialogue 1 of 5, how the sandbar formed · dialogue 2 of 5, crossing the sandbar bridge · dialogue 3 of 5, upside-down views and directions · dialogue 4 of 5, visiting the coastal sandbar · dialogue 5 of 5, excluding people and expenses · perception drill, costs aside from essentials · pattern 1 1 of 2, exceptions in daily routines · pattern 1 2 of 2, sandbar size and formation · reading selection 1 of 2, bridges, a sandbar between shores · questions, sand, shores, upside-down viewing words · word list 3 of 4, coasts.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/101","lines":110},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/100","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/102","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Describing a narrow sandbar · Dialogue 1 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"A long, narrow sandbar","paragraphs":["Two men discuss Amanohashidate and its unusual shape. *どんな 所かね* means \"What kind of place is it?\"","The answer describes a long, narrow sandbar. Its width and length then make that description exact."]},{"title":"One of three scenic views","paragraphs":["*ある。日本 三景 は 皆 見物して まわった* means \"Yes. I visited all three celebrated scenic views of Japan.\" Amanohashidate is one of the three.","*はば は 五十 ないし 百メートル、長さは 約 二千二百メートル* gives a width of 50 to 100 meters and a length of about 2,200 meters."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.001","source":"君 は 天の橋立にも 行った 事が ある そうだなあ。","translation":"I understand you have gone to AMA-NO-HASHIDATE, too, isn’t that right?","reading":"きみはあまのはしだてにもいったことがあるそうだなあ。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"天の橋立","gloss":"Amanohashidate"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"have gone","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"have gone"},{"text":"事","gloss":"experience","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"have"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なあ。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.002","source":"ある。日本 三景 は 皆 見物して まわった。","translation":"Yes, I have. I went around sightseeing of all of the ’’Scenic Trio of japan”.","reading":"ある。にほんさんけいはみなけんぶつしてまわった。","words":[{"text":"ある。","gloss":"yes, I have"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan's scenic trio"},{"text":"三","gloss":"Japan's scenic trio"},{"text":"景","gloss":"Japan's scenic trio"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"見物","gloss":"went sightseeing","reading":"けんぶつ"},{"text":"し","gloss":"went sightseeing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"went sightseeing"},{"text":"まわっ","gloss":"toured around"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"toured around"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.003","source":"どんな 所かね。","translation":"What kind of a place is it?","reading":"どんなところかね。","words":[{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.004","source":"そうだなあ、ちょっと 説明しにくい ね。とにかく、細長い すだよ。","translation":"Well, it is kind of difficult to explain. Anyway, it is a long and slender sand bar.","reading":"そうだなあ、ちょっとせつめいしにくいね。とにかく、ほそながいすだよ。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"well"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なあ、","gloss":"hmm"},{"text":"ちょっと","gloss":"a little"},{"text":"説明","gloss":"explain","reading":"せつめい"},{"text":"し","gloss":"explain"},{"text":"にくい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"とにかく、","gloss":"anyway"},{"text":"細長い","gloss":"long and slender","reading":"ほそながい"},{"text":"す","gloss":"sandbar"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.005","source":"それで、はば や 長さ は。","translation":"And how about the width and length?","reading":"それで、はばやながさは。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"being"},{"text":"はば","gloss":"width"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"長","gloss":"length","reading":"なが"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"length"},{"text":"は。","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.006","source":"はば は 五十 ないし 百メートル、長さは 約 二千二百メートル。","translation":"The width is from 50 to 100 meters and the length is about 2,200 meters.","reading":"はばはごじゅうないしひゃくメートル、ながさはやくにせんにひゃくメートル。","words":[{"text":"はば","gloss":"width"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"五十","gloss":"fifty","reading":"ごじゅう"},{"text":"ないし","gloss":"to"},{"text":"百","gloss":"one hundred","reading":"ひゃく"},{"text":"メートル、","gloss":"meters"},{"text":"長","gloss":"length","reading":"なが"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"length"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"約","gloss":"about","reading":"やく"},{"text":"二千","gloss":"two thousand","reading":"にせん"},{"text":"二百","gloss":"two hundred","reading":"にひゃく"},{"text":"メートル。","gloss":"meters"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"—WA BETSU TO SHITE Following nouns and pronouns, WA BETSU TO SHITE expresses the meaning of ’’exclusive of ----”, ’’apart from --”, ’’with the exception of ----”, or ’’excluding ----”.\n\nExamples:\n\nKISHACHIN WA BETSU TO SHITE, HYAKU-DORU KAKARIMASU. ”It will cost $100.00 excluding the train fare.”\n\nJOODAN WA BETSU TO SHITE, FUKUSHUU O HAJIMEMASHOO. ’’Joking aside, let’s start reviewing.”\n\nANATA WA BETSU TO SHITE, TAITEI NO BEIKOKUJIN WA NORI O TABEMASEN. ’’Excluding you, most of the Americans don’t eat sea laver.”\n\nKANJI NO MONDAI WA BETSU TO SHITE KYOO WA HANASHI-KATA NO BENKYOO NI TSUITE HANASHIMASHOO. “Apart from the problem of Kanji, let’s talk about the study of conversation today,”"},{"section":2,"text":"1 AMA-NO-HASHIDATE AMA-NO-HASHIDATE is about three and a half hours from Kyoto by train and it has been famous from ancient times for its beautiful views, which makes it one of the “Scenic Trio of Japan”. The name literally means “Bridge of Heaven”, and is taken from the AMA-NO-UKIHASHI (Floating Bridge of Heaven) on which Japanese mythology relates, Izanagi and Izanami stood while they created the islands of Japan. Actually it is a sandbar, two miles long and some two hundred feet wide, on which grow groves of pine trees which have been bent into fantastic shapes by many wintry storms. The sand bar projects into the Bay of Miyazu southwestward from Fuchu on the north coast of the bay, and thus forms on its west a lagoon called ASO-UMI.\n\n1 In the narrow inlet between the tip of the sand bar and Monju on the opposite coast, there is a small island. The sand bar, the island, and Monju are connected by bridges. The best view of AMA-NO-HASHIDATE is obtained from a height. The entire district around AMA-NO-HASHIDATE and Miyazu is a fashionable summer resort for Kyoto, Osaka, and Kobe residents."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"君","gloss":"suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"天の橋立","gloss":"P.N."},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ちょっと","gloss":"a little"},{"word":"説明","gloss":"explanation"},{"word":"とにかく、","gloss":"at any rate; any how"},{"word":"細長い","gloss":"long and slender"},{"word":"す","gloss":"sand bar"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"はば","gloss":"width"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"五十","gloss":"50"},{"word":"ないし","gloss":"from ---- to"},{"word":"百","gloss":"100"},{"word":"メートル、","gloss":"meter"},{"word":"二千","gloss":"2,000"},{"word":"二百","gloss":"200"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"How the sandbar formed · Dialogue 2 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"Sand carried by water and wind","paragraphs":["The speakers explain how the sandbar formed. *潮流や 風によって 運ぱんされた砂で 出来ている* means \"It is made of sand carried by tidal currents and wind.\"","Pines cover the sandbar, which resembles a bridge from a distance. It extends south from Ejiri toward Monju, with a channel at Monju."]},{"title":"Kanji: 潮, 砂, 側","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 流, 岸","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.007","source":"それは 珍らしいね。潮の 流れに よって 砂が 運ぱんされて 出来たん だろうかね。","translation":"That’s unusual, isn’t it. Do you suppose it is made of sand that is carried by a tidal current?","reading":"それはめずらしいね。しおのながれによってすながうんぱんされてできたんだろうかね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"珍らしい","gloss":"unusual","reading":"めずらしい"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"潮","gloss":"tide","reading":"しお"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"流れ","gloss":"current","reading":"ながれ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"by"},{"text":"て","gloss":"by"},{"text":"砂","gloss":"sand","reading":"すな"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"運ぱん","gloss":"is carried","reading":"うんぱん"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"is carried"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is carried"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is carried"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"was formed","reading":"でき"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was formed"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.008","source":"そうなんだ。潮流や 風によって 運ぱんされた砂で 出来ている。","translation":"That’s right, it is made of sand that is carried by a tidal current and wind.","reading":"そうなんだ。ちょうりゅうやかぜによってうんぱんされたすなでできている。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"潮流","gloss":"tidal current","reading":"ちょうりゅう"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"風","gloss":"wind","reading":"かぜ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"by"},{"text":"て","gloss":"by"},{"text":"運ぱん","gloss":"was carried","reading":"うんぱん"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"was carried"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was carried"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was carried"},{"text":"砂","gloss":"sand","reading":"すな"},{"text":"で","gloss":"of"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"is made","reading":"でき"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is made"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"is made"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.009","source":"それでは その 細長い、白い砂の すが 青い 海につき出ている のだね。","translation":"Then, that long and slender, white sand bar is jutting out into the blue sea, isn’t that right?","reading":"それではそのほそながい、しろいすなのすがあおいうみにつきでているのだね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"being"},{"text":"は","gloss":"then"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"細長い、","gloss":"long and slender","reading":"ほそながい"},{"text":"白い","gloss":"white","reading":"しろい"},{"text":"砂","gloss":"sand","reading":"すな"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"す","gloss":"sandbar"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"青い","gloss":"blue","reading":"あおい"},{"text":"海","gloss":"sea","reading":"うみ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"つき出","gloss":"is jutting out"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is jutting out"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is jutting out"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.010","source":"そればかりでは ないんだ。その上に 松が 一面にはえていて、遠くから見ると、橋の様に見えるので、天の橋立と言うんだ。","translation":"That isn’t all. Besides that, pine trees are growing all over it, and when you look at it from a distance, it looks like a bridge.","reading":"そればかりではないんだ。そのうえにまつがいちめんにはえていて、とおくからみると、はしのようにみえるので、あまのはしだてというんだ。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"all"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"その","gloss":"its"},{"text":"上","gloss":"surface","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"松","gloss":"pine trees","reading":"まつ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一面","gloss":"all over","reading":"いちめん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"across"},{"text":"はえ","gloss":"are growing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are growing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are growing"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"are growing"},{"text":"遠く","gloss":"far away","reading":"とおく"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"look","reading":"みる"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"橋","gloss":"bridge","reading":"はし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"様","gloss":"likeness","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"like"},{"text":"見える","gloss":"looks","reading":"みえる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"天の橋立","gloss":"Amanohashidate"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"is called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.011","source":"それでは そのすは 両はしが 岸に ついているのかね。","translation":"So it is called ”AMA-NO-HASHIDATE” Then, are both ends of that sand bar connected to the shore?","reading":"それではそのすはりょうはしがきしについているのかね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"being"},{"text":"は","gloss":"then"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"す","gloss":"sandbar"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"両はし","gloss":"both ends","reading":"りょうはし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"岸","gloss":"shore","reading":"きし"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"つい","gloss":"are connected"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are connected"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are connected"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.012","source":"いや、そうじゃない。宮津湾の 北側の 江尻から 南にのびて、湾の 南にある 文珠という所まで 来ている。でも、そこには 水路がある。","translation":"No, it isn’t so. It extends to the south from EJIRI on the northern side of MIYAZU Bay, and comes as far as MONJU on the south side of the bay. But there is a channel there.","reading":"いや、そうじゃない。みやづわんのきたがわのえじりからみなみにのびて、わんのみなみにあるもんじゅというところまできている。でも、そこにはすいろがある。","words":[{"text":"いや、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"じゃ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"},{"text":"宮津","gloss":"Miyazu Bay","reading":"みやづ"},{"text":"湾","gloss":"Miyazu Bay","reading":"わん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"北側","gloss":"north side","reading":"きたがわ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"江尻","gloss":"Ejiri","reading":"えじり"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"南","gloss":"south","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"のび","gloss":"extends"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"extends"},{"text":"湾","gloss":"bay","reading":"わん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"南","gloss":"south","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"located"},{"text":"文珠","gloss":"Monju","reading":"もんじゅ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"as far as"},{"text":"来","gloss":"reaches","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"reaches"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"reaches"},{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"水路","gloss":"channel","reading":"すいろ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"exists"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"潮","gloss":"tide"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"流れ","gloss":"current; flow"},{"word":"砂","gloss":"sand"},{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"だ。","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"潮流","gloss":"tidal current"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"いる。","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"細長い、","gloss":"long and slender"},{"word":"海","gloss":"sea, ocean"},{"word":"ばかり","gloss":"about"},{"word":"一面","gloss":"all over"},{"word":"い","gloss":"stomach"},{"word":"遠く","gloss":"distant (place)"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"橋","gloss":"bridge"},{"word":"見える","gloss":"to be visible, can see (v.i.)"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"岸","gloss":"shore; bank"},{"word":"つい","gloss":"just; only"},{"word":"いや、","gloss":"no"},{"word":"湾","gloss":"bay"},{"word":"北側","gloss":"north side"},{"word":"江尻","gloss":"P. N."},{"word":"南","gloss":"south"},{"word":"文珠","gloss":"P. N."},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"word":"水路","gloss":"waterway, channel"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Crossing the sandbar bridge · Dialogue 3 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"A bridge across the channel","paragraphs":["The speakers discuss crossing the sandbar. *文珠から 江尻へ 歩いて 行ける様になった* means \"It became possible to walk from Monju to Ejiri.\"","A new bridge spans the channel. The magazine photograph appears to show the view from a mountain behind Ejiri, which has a cable car."]},{"title":"Kanji: 昔","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.013","source":"では、天の橋立の上を 散歩する事も 出来るんだね。","translation":"Then, you can take a walk on \"AMA-NO-HASHIDATE”, right?","reading":"では、あまのはしだてのうえをさんぽすることもできるんだね。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"天の橋立","gloss":"Amanohashidate"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"上","gloss":"surface","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"散歩","gloss":"take a walk","reading":"さんぽ"},{"text":"する","gloss":"take a walk"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"can","reading":"できる"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.014","source":"そう。今では その水路に 橋が かかったから、文珠から 江尻へ 歩いて 行ける様になった。","translation":"Yes, you can. Now a bridge spans the channel, so you can walk from MONJU to EJIRI now.","reading":"そう。いまではそのすいろにはしがかかったから、もんじゅからえじりへあるいていけるようになった。","words":[{"text":"そう。","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"水路","gloss":"channel","reading":"すいろ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"over"},{"text":"橋","gloss":"bridge","reading":"はし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"かかっ","gloss":"was built"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was built"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"文珠","gloss":"Monju","reading":"もんじゅ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"江尻","gloss":"Ejiri","reading":"えじり"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"歩い","gloss":"walk","reading":"あるい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"walk"},{"text":"行ける","gloss":"can go","reading":"いける"},{"text":"様","gloss":"able","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"became"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.015","source":"昔は 橋は なかったんかね。","translation":"Was there no bridge in the olden days?","reading":"むかしははしはなかったんかね。","words":[{"text":"昔","gloss":"old days","reading":"むかし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"橋","gloss":"bridge","reading":"はし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"did not exist"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did not exist"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.016","source":"ずっと前には あったが、木の橋で 終戦後、長い間 こわれていたとか、今では 新しいのが 出来ている。","translation":"I understand there was a bridge long ago, but it was a wooden bridge and it was broken for a long time after the war. Now a new bridge is constructed.","reading":"ずっとまえにはあったが、きのはしでしゅうせんご、ながいあいだこわれていたとか、いまではあたらしいのができている。","words":[{"text":"ずっと","gloss":"long"},{"text":"前","gloss":"ago","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"existed"},{"text":"た","gloss":"existed"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"木","gloss":"wooden","reading":"き"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"橋","gloss":"bridge","reading":"はし"},{"text":"で","gloss":"being"},{"text":"終戦","gloss":"war ended"},{"text":"後、","gloss":"after"},{"text":"長い","gloss":"long"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time"},{"text":"こわれ","gloss":"was broken"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was broken"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was broken"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was broken"},{"text":"と","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"has been built","reading":"でき"},{"text":"て","gloss":"has been built"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"has been built"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.017","source":"いつだったか ライフという ざっしに 天の橋立の 写真が 出ていた。高い所から とった写真らしかった。","translation":"I don’t remember when, but the pictures of AMA-NO-HASHIDATE came out in the Life magazine. It seemed they were pictures taken from the high ground.","reading":"いつだったかライフというざっしにあまのはしだてのしゃしんがでていた。たかいところからとったしゃしんらしかった。","words":[{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"だっ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"},{"text":"か","gloss":"uncertain"},{"text":"ライフ","gloss":"Life"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazine"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"天の橋立","gloss":"Amanohashidate"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"写真","gloss":"pictures","reading":"しゃしん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出","gloss":"appeared","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"appeared"},{"text":"い","gloss":"appeared"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"appeared"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"high","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"taken"},{"text":"た","gloss":"taken"},{"text":"写真","gloss":"pictures","reading":"しゃしん"},{"text":"らしかっ","gloss":"seemed"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"seemed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.018","source":"それは 江尻の 後にある 山からの ながめだろう。その山には ケーブルカーが ある。","translation":"Those were probably views from the mountain behind EJIRI. That mountain has a cable car.","reading":"それはえじりのうしろにあるやまからのながめだろう。そのやまにはケーブルカーがある。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"those"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"江尻","gloss":"Ejiri","reading":"えじり"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"後","gloss":"behind","reading":"うしろ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"located"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountain","reading":"やま"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ながめ","gloss":"views"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountain","reading":"やま"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ケーブル","gloss":"cable car"},{"text":"カー","gloss":"cable car"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"exists"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は、","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"出来る","gloss":"to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)"},{"word":"そう。","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ずっと","gloss":"by far; very much"},{"word":"前","gloss":"before, front"},{"word":"木","gloss":"tree, wood"},{"word":"間","gloss":"between"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いつ","gloss":"when?"},{"word":"ライフ","gloss":"Life (magazine)"},{"word":"山","gloss":"mountain"},{"word":"ながめ","gloss":"view (n)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Upside-down views and directions · Dialogue 4 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"The view through the legs","paragraphs":["The speakers describe *まためがね*, the custom of bending over and looking between the legs. *またの間から のぞいて見ると 特によい* means \"The view is especially good when seen between the thighs.\"","The viewer is upside down, which changes the impression. The thighs function as large spectacles or a picture frame."]},{"title":"Two train changes","paragraphs":["The route from Kyoto requires travel by train. *と中で 乗り 換えが 二度ある* means \"There are two transfers on the way.\"","Those transfers make the journey inconvenient."]},{"title":"Kanji: 印","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 象, 換","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.019","source":"そこからの ながめは ゆう大だと 言うね。","translation":"They say that the view from there is spectacular, isn’t that so?","reading":"そこからのながめはゆうだいだというね。","words":[{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ながめ","gloss":"view"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ゆう","gloss":"spectacular"},{"text":"大","gloss":"spectacular","reading":"だい"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"they say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.020","source":"まためがね で見るとか 言って、またの間から のぞいて見ると 特によい。","translation":"It is especially good if you peep through between your thighs. They call it ’’look through with thigh glasses’*.","reading":"まためがねでみるとかいって、またのあいだからのぞいてみるととくによい。","words":[{"text":"また","gloss":"thigh glasses"},{"text":"めがね","gloss":"thigh glasses"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"look","reading":"みる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"か","gloss":"or something"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"say"},{"text":"また","gloss":"thighs"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"間","gloss":"between"},{"text":"から","gloss":"through"},{"text":"のぞい","gloss":"peep through"},{"text":"て","gloss":"peep through"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"peep through","reading":"みる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"特に","gloss":"especially","reading":"とくに"},{"text":"よい。","gloss":"good"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.021","source":"さかさに なるからだろう。","translation":"They probably call it so, because you are upside down.","reading":"さかさになるからだろう。","words":[{"text":"さかさ","gloss":"upside down"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.021.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.022","source":"またが 大きな めがね か がくぶちの 役をするんだね。それに さかさだから、ちょっと 印象が 違うんだな。","translation":"The thigh functions as a large eyeglass or a picture frame. Furthermore, since you are upside down, the impression will be slightly different.","reading":"またがおおきなめがねかがくぶちのやくをするんだね。それにさかさだから、ちょっといんしょうがちがうんだな。","words":[{"text":"また","gloss":"thighs"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"めがね","gloss":"eyeglasses"},{"text":"か","gloss":"or"},{"text":"がく","gloss":"picture frame"},{"text":"ぶち","gloss":"picture frame"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"役","gloss":"role","reading":"やく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"serves"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"besides"},{"text":"に","gloss":"besides"},{"text":"さかさ","gloss":"upside down"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ちょっと","gloss":"a little"},{"text":"印象","gloss":"impression","reading":"いんしょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"違う","gloss":"different","reading":"ちがう"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"な。","gloss":"you know"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.022.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.023","source":"それで、橋立へは どう 行くんかね。","translation":"How do you get to AMA-NO-HASHIDATE?","reading":"それで、はしだてへはどういくんかね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"being"},{"text":"橋立","gloss":"Amanohashidate","reading":"はしだて"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"get there","reading":"いく"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.023.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.024","source":"京都から 汽車で 行くんだが、と中で 乗り 換えが 二度あるから、めんどうだ。","translation":"You will be going from Kyoto by train, but since you have to transfer twice on the way, it is very complicated.","reading":"きょうとからきしゃでいくんだが、とちゅうでのりかえがにどあるから、めんどうだ。","words":[{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"汽車","gloss":"train","reading":"きしゃ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"と","gloss":"on the way"},{"text":"中","gloss":"on the way","reading":"ちゅう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"乗り","gloss":"transfer","reading":"のり"},{"text":"換え","gloss":"transfer","reading":"かえ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"二","gloss":"twice","reading":"に"},{"text":"度","gloss":"twice","reading":"ど"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"めんどう","gloss":"complicated"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"また","gloss":"thigh"},{"word":"めがね","gloss":"eyeglasses; spectacles"},{"word":"よい。","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"さかさ","gloss":"upside down; inversion"},{"word":"大きな","gloss":"big, large (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"印象","gloss":"impression"},{"word":"な。","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Visiting the coastal sandbar · Dialogue 5 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"Close but inconvenient","paragraphs":["Amanohashidate is close to Kyoto, but its location on the Japan Sea limits opportunities to visit. One speaker still strongly wants to go.","*舞鶴に 行く人は 別として* means \"excluding people going to Maizuru.\" The phrase sets those travelers apart from the general statement."]}],"lines":[{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.025","source":"京都からは 遠くは ないんだろう。","translation":"It is not far from Kyoto, is it?","reading":"きょうとからはとおくはないんだろう。","words":[{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"遠く","gloss":"far","reading":"とおく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.025.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.026","source":"うん、近いんだが、日本海に 面しているので、行くついでが ないんですね。まあ、舞鶴に 行く人は 別として。","translation":"No, it is close, but since it is facing the Sea of Japan, there is no opportunity to go. Excluding, of course, the people who go to Maizuru.","reading":"うん、ちかいんだが、にほんかいにめんしているので、いくついでがないんですね。まあ、まいづるにいくひとはべつとして。","words":[{"text":"うん、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"近い","gloss":"close","reading":"ちかい"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Sea of Japan"},{"text":"海","gloss":"Sea of Japan"},{"text":"に","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"面し","gloss":"faces","reading":"めんし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"faces"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"faces"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"ついで","gloss":"opportunity"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"none"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"まあ、","gloss":"well"},{"text":"舞鶴","gloss":"Maizuru","reading":"まいづる"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"別","gloss":"exception","reading":"べつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"excluding"},{"text":"て。","gloss":"excluding"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.026.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.027","source":"そうか。しかし、ぜひ 行って 見たい もんだ。","translation":"Is that so? However, I starely would like to go there by all means.","reading":"そうか。しかし、ぜひいってみたいもんだ。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"ぜひ","gloss":"by all means"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go"},{"text":"見","gloss":"want to visit","reading":"み"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to visit"},{"text":"もん","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.027.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L103.dlg.028","source":"うん、ぜひ 行くべきだよ。","translation":"Yes, you should go by all means.","reading":"うん、ぜひいくべきだよ。","words":[{"text":"うん、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ぜひ","gloss":"by all means"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"べき","gloss":"should"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.dlg.028.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"うん、","gloss":"Yes, all right."},{"word":"近い","gloss":"near, close"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ついで","gloss":"opportunity"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"まあ、","gloss":"Well! Oh, my!"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"しかし、","gloss":"however, but"},{"word":"ぜひ","gloss":"by all means"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Excluding people and expenses · Perception drill","teaching":[{"title":"One person excluded","paragraphs":["*あなたは 別として、大抵の 米国人は さしみを 食べませんね* means \"Excluding you, most Americans do not eat sashimi.\"","The statement about most Americans does not include *あなた*, \"you.\""]},{"title":"What the statement leaves out","paragraphs":["A noun or pronoun before *は 別として* names what the rest of the statement excludes.","*食料は 別として、まあ 百八十ドルぐらい かかるでしょうね* means \"Excluding food, it will probably cost about 180 dollars.\" Food is outside that total."]}],"lines":[{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L103.gp1.01","source":"舞鶴へ 行く人は 別として、天の橋立に 行くついでがない。","translation":"Excluding those who go to Maizuru, people have no opportunity to go to AMA-NO-HASHIDATE.","reading":"まいづるへいくひとはべつとして、あまのはしだてにいくついでがない。","words":[{"text":"舞鶴","gloss":"Maizuru","reading":"まいづる"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"別","gloss":"exception","reading":"べつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"excluding"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"excluding"},{"text":"天の橋立","gloss":"Amanohashidate"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"ついで","gloss":"opportunity"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"none"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L103.gp1.02","source":"あなたは 別として、大抵の 米国人は さしみを 食べませんね。","translation":"Excluding you, most of the American people don’t eat SASHIMI, do they?","reading":"あなたはべつとして、たいていのべいこくじんはさしみをたべませんね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"別","gloss":"exception","reading":"べつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"excluding"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"excluding"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"most","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"Americans","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Americans","reading":"じん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さしみ","gloss":"sashimi"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"do not eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"do not eat"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"do not eat"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L103.gp1.03","source":"食べれば 好きに なるのでしょうが、大抵の 人は 見ただけで 食べたくないのですね。","translation":"They probably would come to like it if they would eat it, but most of the people just simply look at it and don’t want to eat it,","reading":"たべればすきになるのでしょうが、たいていのひとはみただけでたべたくないのですね。","words":[{"text":"食べれ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべれ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"become"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"most","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"見","gloss":"look","reading":"み"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"たく","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L103.gp1.04","source":"この 学校の 生徒は かん字を いくつぐらい 習うのですか。","translation":"About how many Kanji do the students of this school learn?","reading":"このがっこうのせいとはかんじをいくつぐらいならうのですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"いく","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"習う","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L103.gp1.05","source":"所の 名前 などは 別として、八百ぐらい かん字を 習います。","translation":"Excluding place names, they learn about 800 Kanji.","reading":"ところのなまえなどはべつとして、はっぴゃくぐらいかんじをならいます。","words":[{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"名前","gloss":"names","reading":"なまえ"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"別","gloss":"excluding","reading":"べつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"excluding"},{"text":"し","gloss":"excluding"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"excluding"},{"text":"八百","gloss":"eight hundred","reading":"はっぴゃく"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"か","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"字","gloss":"kanji","reading":"じ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習い","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L103.gp1.06","source":"一けん家を 借りると、どのぐらいの ひ用が かかりますか。","translation":"If you rent a house, about how much expense does it incur?","reading":"いっけんやをかりると、どのぐらいのひようがかかりますか。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"けん","gloss":"house counter"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"や"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"借りる","gloss":"rent","reading":"かりる"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how much"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ひ","gloss":"expense"},{"text":"用","gloss":"expense","reading":"よう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"かかり","gloss":"cost"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L103.gp1.07","source":"食料は 別として、まあ 百八十ドルぐらい かかるでしょうね。","translation":"Excluding food, well, I think it’ll cost about $180.00.","reading":"しょくりょうはべつとして、まあひゃくはちじゅうドルぐらいかかるでしょうね。","words":[{"text":"食料","gloss":"food","reading":"しょくりょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"別","gloss":"excluding","reading":"べつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"excluding"},{"text":"し","gloss":"excluding"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"excluding"},{"text":"まあ","gloss":"well"},{"text":"百","gloss":"one hundred","reading":"ひゃく"},{"text":"八十","gloss":"eighty","reading":"はちじゅう"},{"text":"ドル","gloss":"dollars"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"かかる","gloss":"cost"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L103.gp1.08","source":"日本へ 二週間ぐらい 遊びに行くと、どのぐらい かかるでしょうかね。","translation":"About how much do you think it will cost, if you go to Japan for a pleasure trip for about two weeks?","reading":"にほんへにしゅうかんぐらいあそびにいくと、どのぐらいかかるでしょうかね。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"週間","gloss":"weeks","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"遊び","gloss":"pleasure","reading":"あそび"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how much"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"かかる","gloss":"cost"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L103.gp1.09","source":"そうですね。買物に 使うお金は 別として まあ 二千ドルぐらい いるでしょうね。","translation":"Well, let me see. Not including the money that you are going to spend for shopping, I think it will cost about $2,000.00.","reading":"そうですね。かいものにつかうおかねはべつとしてまあにせんドルぐらいいるでしょうね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"let me see"},{"text":"です","gloss":"let me see"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"let me see"},{"text":"買物","gloss":"shopping","reading":"かいもの"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"使う","gloss":"spend","reading":"つかう"},{"text":"お","gloss":"money"},{"text":"金","gloss":"money","reading":"かね"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"別","gloss":"excluding","reading":"べつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"excluding"},{"text":"し","gloss":"excluding"},{"text":"て","gloss":"excluding"},{"text":"ま","gloss":"well"},{"text":"あ","gloss":"well"},{"text":"二千","gloss":"two thousand","reading":"にせん"},{"text":"ドル","gloss":"dollars"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"need"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L103.gp1.10","source":"ジョンズさんは 別として、今度の 新しい 組の 生徒は 皆 よく 出来ますね。","translation":"All of the students of this new class do well, with the exception of Mr. Jones, don’t they?","reading":"ジョンズさんはべつとして、こんどのあたらしいくみのせいとはみなよくできますね。","words":[{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"別","gloss":"excluding","reading":"べつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"excluding"},{"text":"し","gloss":"excluding"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"excluding"},{"text":"今度","gloss":"current","reading":"こんど"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"組","gloss":"class","reading":"くみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"do well","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L103.gp1.11","source":"ええ、ジョンズさんは 耳が 悪いらしい ですね。","translation":"Yes. It seems Mr. Jones has bad ears.","reading":"ええ、ジョンズさんはみみがわるいらしいですね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"ears","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.gp1.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"さしみ","gloss":"thinly sliced raw fish dish"},{"word":"好き","gloss":"to like, be fond of (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"だけ","gloss":"only, just (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"八百","gloss":"800"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"けん","gloss":"numerical counter for houses (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"どの","gloss":"which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)"},{"word":"まあ","gloss":"Well! Oh, my!"},{"word":"八十","gloss":"80"},{"word":"ドル","gloss":"dollar"},{"word":"かかる","gloss":"to consult, to contract, to be attacked by"},{"word":"買物","gloss":"shopping"},{"word":"使う","gloss":"to use, employ"},{"word":"金","gloss":"gold"},{"word":"今度","gloss":"this time, next time"},{"word":"組","gloss":"class"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Costs aside from essentials · Pattern 1 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"An exception before the main point","paragraphs":["*まあ、じょうだんは 別として、今週末の パーティーの 事は どうしますか* means \"Joking aside, what about the party this weekend?\"","Here, *は 別として* sets joking aside before the speaker discusses the party. *出来るか 出来ないかは 別として* sets aside whether something is possible."]}],"lines":[{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L103.pt1.m1","source":"米国から日本へ 遊びに行くのに 食料の ひ用は 別として、二千ドルぐらい かかります。","translation":"Aside from the cost of food, it costs about two thousand dollars to travel from the United States to Japan for pleasure.","reading":"べいこくからにほんへあそびにいくのにしょくりょうのひようはべつとして、にせんドルぐらいかかります。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"遊び","gloss":"pleasure","reading":"あそび"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"食料","gloss":"food","reading":"しょくりょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ひ","gloss":"expense"},{"text":"用","gloss":"expense","reading":"よう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"別","gloss":"excluding","reading":"べつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"excluding"},{"text":"し","gloss":"excluding"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"excluding"},{"text":"二千","gloss":"two thousand","reading":"にせん"},{"text":"ドル","gloss":"dollars"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"かかり","gloss":"cost"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L103.pt1.01","source":"この 学校の 生徒は、かん字は 別として、新しい言葉を 毎日 二十ぐらい 習わなければ なりません。","translation":"Aside from kanji, the students at this school have to learn about twenty new words every day.","reading":"このがっこうのせいとは、かんじはべつとして、あたらしいことばをまいにちにじゅうぐらいならわなければなりません。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"別","gloss":"aside from","reading":"べつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"し","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"言葉","gloss":"words","reading":"ことば"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"二十","gloss":"twenty","reading":"にじゅう"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"習わ","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならわ"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"have to"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"have to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"have to"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L103.pt1.02","source":"所の 名前は 別として、言葉を三千ぐらい 習います。","translation":"Aside from place names, we learn about three thousand words.","reading":"ところのなまえはべつとして、ことばをさんぜんぐらいならいます。","words":[{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"名前","gloss":"names","reading":"なまえ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"別","gloss":"aside from","reading":"べつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"し","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"言葉","gloss":"words","reading":"ことば"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"三千","gloss":"three thousand","reading":"さんぜん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"習い","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L103.pt1.03","source":"まあ、じょうだんは 別として、今週末の パーティーの 事は どうしますか。","translation":"Well, joking aside, what shall we do about the party this weekend?","reading":"まあ、じょうだんはべつとして、こんしゅうまつのパーティーのことはどうしますか。","words":[{"text":"まあ、","gloss":"well"},{"text":"じょうだん","gloss":"joking"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"別","gloss":"aside from","reading":"べつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"し","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"今週","gloss":"this week","reading":"こんしゅう"},{"text":"末","gloss":"end","reading":"まつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"パーティー","gloss":"party"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"matter","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L103.pt1.04","source":"汽車ちんは 別として、ひ用は みんな 自分で はらわなければ ならない。","translation":"Aside from the train fare, you have to pay all the expenses yourself.","reading":"きしゃちんはべつとして、ひようはみんなじぶんではらわなければならない。","words":[{"text":"汽車","gloss":"train","reading":"きしゃ"},{"text":"ちん","gloss":"fare"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"別","gloss":"aside from","reading":"べつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"し","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"ひ","gloss":"expense"},{"text":"用","gloss":"expense","reading":"よう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"みんな","gloss":"all"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"oneself","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"はらわ","gloss":"pay"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"have to"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"have to"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"have to"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L103.pt1.05","source":"あなたは 別として、今晩は 皆 来るのが おそい ですね。","translation":"Aside from you, everyone is late coming tonight, aren’t they?","reading":"あなたはべつとして、こんばんはみなくるのがおそいですね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"別","gloss":"aside from","reading":"べつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"し","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"今晩は","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばんは"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"everyone","reading":"みな"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"come","reading":"くる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"おそい","gloss":"late"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L103.pt1.06","source":"サービス料は 別として、五ドル いただきます。","translation":"Aside from the service charge, that will be five dollars.","reading":"サービスりょうはべつとして、ごドルいただきます。","words":[{"text":"サービス","gloss":"service"},{"text":"料","gloss":"charge","reading":"りょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"別","gloss":"aside from","reading":"べつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"し","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"五","gloss":"five","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ドル","gloss":"dollars"},{"text":"いただき","gloss":"charge"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L103.pt1.07","source":"出来るか 出来ないかは 別として、これだけ 教える事に なっています。","translation":"Whether you can do it or not aside, it has been decided that we will teach this much.","reading":"できるかできないかはべつとして、これだけおしえることになっています。","words":[{"text":"出来る","gloss":"can do","reading":"できる"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"do","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"別","gloss":"aside from","reading":"べつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"し","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"much"},{"text":"教える","gloss":"teach","reading":"おしえる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"matter","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"decided"},{"text":"て","gloss":"decided"},{"text":"い","gloss":"decided"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L103.pt1.08","source":"家ちんは 別として 毎月の ひ用が二百ドルです。","translation":"Aside from the rent, my monthly expenses are two hundred dollars.","reading":"いえちんはべつとしてまいつきのひようがにひゃくドルです。","words":[{"text":"家","gloss":"house rent","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ちん","gloss":"house rent"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"別","gloss":"aside from","reading":"べつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"し","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"て","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"毎月","gloss":"monthly","reading":"まいつき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ひ","gloss":"expense"},{"text":"用","gloss":"expense","reading":"よう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"二百","gloss":"two hundred","reading":"にひゃく"},{"text":"ドル","gloss":"dollars"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L103.pt1.09","source":"この 学校の 生徒は 毎日 学校で 何時間ぐらい 勉強するのですか。","translation":"About how many hours do the students at this school study at school every day?","reading":"このがっこうのせいとはまいにちがっこうでなんじかんぐらいべんきょうするのですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.pt1.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"毎日","gloss":"Mainichi Newspaper Co."},{"word":"二十","gloss":"20"},{"word":"三千","gloss":"3,000"},{"word":"じょうだん","gloss":"joke, jest"},{"word":"今週","gloss":"this week"},{"word":"みんな","gloss":"all"},{"word":"自分","gloss":"self"},{"word":"なら","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"おそい","gloss":"be late"},{"word":"サービス","gloss":"service"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"時間","gloss":"hour, time"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Exceptions in daily routines · Pattern 1 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Exceptions to a routine","paragraphs":["*National holiday は 別として、一年に 二十六日間の 休かを もらいます* means \"There are 26 days of leave a year, apart from national holidays.\"","Here, *は 別として* excludes national holidays from the count.","*日曜日は 別として、一日に 三度 食べます* gives three meals a day apart from Sundays. Sundays have only two."]}],"lines":[{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L103.pt1.10","source":"お昼の時間に 勉強するのは 別として 六時間 勉強しなければ なりません。","translation":"Aside from studying during lunchtime, we have to study for six hours.","reading":"おひるのじかんにべんきょうするのはべつとしてろくじかんべんきょうしなければなりません。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"lunchtime"},{"text":"昼","gloss":"lunchtime","reading":"ひる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"time","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"during"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"別","gloss":"aside from","reading":"べつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"し","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"て","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"have to"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"have to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"have to"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L103.pt1.11","source":"あなた方は 一年に 何日ぐらいの 休かを もらうのですか。","translation":"About how many days of leave do you get each year?","reading":"あなたがたはいちねんになんにちぐらいのきゅうかをもらうのですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"方","gloss":"plural","reading":"がた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days","reading":"にち"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"休","gloss":"leave","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"か","gloss":"leave"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もらう","gloss":"receive"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L103.pt1.12","source":"National holiday は 別として、一年に 二十六日間の 休かを もらいます。","translation":"Aside from national holidays, we get twenty-six days of leave a year.","reading":"ナショナルホリデーはべつとして、いちねんににじゅうろくにちかんのきゅうかをもらいます。","words":[{"text":"National","gloss":"national"},{"text":"holiday","gloss":"holiday"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"別","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"と","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"し","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"二十","gloss":"twenty"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six"},{"text":"日間","gloss":"days"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"休","gloss":"leave"},{"text":"か","gloss":"leave"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もらい","gloss":"receive"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L103.pt1.13","source":"あなた方は 毎日 きまった 時間 仕事に つとめなければ ならないのですか。","translation":"Do you have to work set hours every day?","reading":"あなたがたはまいにちきまったじかんしごとにつとめなければならないのですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"方","gloss":"plural","reading":"がた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"きまっ","gloss":"set"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"つとめ","gloss":"work"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"have to"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"have to"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"have to"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L103.pt1.14","source":"ええ、昼休みの時間は 別として、毎日 八時間 つとめなければ ならないのです。","translation":"Yes, aside from the lunch break, we have to work eight hours every day.","reading":"ええ、ひるやすみのじかんはべつとして、まいにちはちじかんつとめなければならないのです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"昼休み","gloss":"lunch break","reading":"ひるやすみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"time","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"別","gloss":"aside from","reading":"べつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"し","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eight","reading":"はち"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"つとめ","gloss":"work"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"have to"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"have to"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"have to"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L103.pt1.15","source":"あなたは 一日に 何度 食べますか。","translation":"How many times a day do you eat?","reading":"あなたはいちにちになんどたべますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一日","gloss":"one day","reading":"いちにち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"度","gloss":"times","reading":"ど"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.pt1.15.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L103.pt1.16","source":"日曜日は 別として、一日に 三度 食べます。日曜日は 二度だけです。","translation":"Aside from Sundays, I eat three times a day. On Sundays, I eat only twice.","reading":"にちようびはべつとして、いちにちにさんどたべます。にちようびはにどだけです。","words":[{"text":"日曜","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"にちよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"び"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"別","gloss":"aside from","reading":"べつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"し","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one day","reading":"いち"},{"text":"日","gloss":"one day","reading":"にち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"度","gloss":"times","reading":"ど"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"日曜","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"にちよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"び"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"度","gloss":"times","reading":"ど"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L103.pt1.17","source":"飲み物は 別として、一か月の 食料は どのぐらい かかりますか。","translation":"Aside from beverages, how much does a month’s food cost?","reading":"のみものはべつとして、いっかげつのしょくりょうはどのぐらいかかりますか。","words":[{"text":"飲み物","gloss":"beverages"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"別","gloss":"aside from","reading":"べつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"し","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"aside from"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"か月","gloss":"month","reading":"かげつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"食料","gloss":"food","reading":"しょくりょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how much"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"かかり","gloss":"cost"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.pt1.17.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L103.pt1.18","source":"まあ、百五十ドルぐらい かかりますね。","translation":"Well, it costs about one hundred fifty dollars.","reading":"まあ、ひゃくごじゅうドルぐらいかかりますね。","words":[{"text":"まあ、","gloss":"well"},{"text":"百","gloss":"one hundred","reading":"ひゃく"},{"text":"五十","gloss":"fifty","reading":"ごじゅう"},{"text":"ドル","gloss":"dollars"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"かかり","gloss":"cost"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.pt1.18.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"六","gloss":"six"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"もらう","gloss":"to receive (tangible things)"},{"word":"昼休み","gloss":"noon recess"},{"word":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"word":"一日","gloss":"first day of the month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"飲み物","gloss":"things to drink, beverages"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Sandbar size and formation · Reading Selection 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The sandbar and its formation","paragraphs":["The questions cover Amanohashidate's location, dimensions, pine-covered sand, formation, and channel.","*この 細長い 土地は どうして 出来たのでしょうか* means \"How was this long, narrow strip of land formed?\" The answer identifies sand carried by currents and wind."]}],"lines":[{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L103.rd.001","source":"天の橋立 は どこに ありますか。","translation":"Where is Amanohashidate?","reading":"あまのはしだてはどこにありますか。","words":[{"text":"天の橋立","gloss":"Amanohashidate"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be located"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L103.rd.002","source":"長さは どのくらいですか。","translation":"How long is it?","reading":"ながさはどのくらいですか。","words":[{"text":"長","gloss":"length","reading":"なが"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"length"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how much"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"how much"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L103.rd.003","source":"はばは？","translation":"How wide is it?","reading":"はばは？","words":[{"text":"はば","gloss":"width"},{"text":"は？","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L103.rd.004","source":"この 白い 砂の上には 何が はえていますか。","translation":"What is growing on this white sand?","reading":"このしろいすなのうえにはなにがはえていますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"白い","gloss":"white","reading":"しろい"},{"text":"砂","gloss":"sand","reading":"すな"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"上","gloss":"top","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"はえ","gloss":"grow"},{"text":"て","gloss":"grow"},{"text":"い","gloss":"grow"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L103.rd.005","source":"この 細長い 土地は どうして 出来たのでしょうか。","translation":"How was this long, narrow strip of land formed?","reading":"このほそながいとちはどうしてできたのでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"細長い","gloss":"long and narrow","reading":"ほそながい"},{"text":"土地","gloss":"land","reading":"とち"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"し","gloss":"formed"},{"text":"て","gloss":"formed"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"formed","reading":"でき"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L103.rd.006","source":"江尻と 湾の 南の 岸の 文珠の 間には 何が ありますか。","translation":"What is there between Ejiri and Monju on the southern shore of the bay?","reading":"えじりとわんのみなみのきしのもんじゅのあいだにはなにがありますか。","words":[{"text":"江尻","gloss":"Ejiri","reading":"えじり"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"湾","gloss":"bay","reading":"わん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"南","gloss":"south","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"岸","gloss":"shore","reading":"きし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"文珠","gloss":"Monju","reading":"もんじゅ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"間","gloss":"between"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.rd.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"くらい","gloss":"dark"},{"word":"土地","gloss":"land, lot"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Bridges, viewpoints and train changes · Reading Selection 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The visit and the journey","paragraphs":["The questions cover the bridge, the mountain photograph, the inverted view, and the train journey from Kyoto.","*なぜ 汽車で行くのは めんどうですか* means \"Why is it troublesome to go by train?\" The answer gives two transfers on the way."]}],"lines":[{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L103.rd.007","source":"この 水路には 何が ありますか。","translation":"What is there over this waterway?","reading":"このすいろにはなにがありますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"水路","gloss":"waterway","reading":"すいろ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"over"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L103.rd.008","source":"江尻から 文珠まで 歩いて行けますか。","translation":"Can you walk from Ejiri to Monju?","reading":"えじりからもんじゅまであるいていけますか。","words":[{"text":"江尻","gloss":"Ejiri","reading":"えじり"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"文珠","gloss":"Monju","reading":"もんじゅ"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"to"},{"text":"歩い","gloss":"walk","reading":"あるい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"walk"},{"text":"行け","gloss":"can go","reading":"いけ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L103.rd.009","source":"一度 ライフに 出た 写真は どこから とった ものですか。","translation":"From where was the photograph that once appeared in Life taken?","reading":"いちどライフにでたしゃしんはどこからとったものですか。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"度","gloss":"time","reading":"ど"},{"text":"ライフ","gloss":"Life magazine"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"出","gloss":"appeared","reading":"で"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"写真","gloss":"photograph","reading":"しゃしん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"taken"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L103.rd.010","source":"まためがね で見るというのは どういう 事ですか。","translation":"What does it mean to view it through your legs?","reading":"まためがねでみるというのはどういうことですか。","words":[{"text":"また","gloss":"legs"},{"text":"めがね","gloss":"spectacles"},{"text":"で","gloss":"through"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"look","reading":"みる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"事","gloss":"meaning","reading":"こと"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L103.rd.011","source":"天の橋立へは 京都から 何で行くのですか。","translation":"How do you get to Amanohashidate from Kyoto?","reading":"あまのはしだてへはきょうとからなんでいくのですか。","words":[{"text":"天の橋立","gloss":"Amanohashidate"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L103.rd.012","source":"なぜ 汽車で行くのは めんどうですか。","translation":"Why is it troublesome to go by train?","reading":"なぜきしゃでいくのはめんどうですか。","words":[{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"汽車","gloss":"train","reading":"きしゃ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"めんどう","gloss":"troublesome"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.rd.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"},{"word":"なぜ","gloss":"why?"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"A sandbar between shores · Questions","teaching":[{"title":"A complete description","paragraphs":["*どんな 所ですか* means \"What kind of place is it?\" The answer is a connected description rather than one fact.","It identifies the sandbar's location, dimensions, formation, bridge, viewpoint, viewing custom, and train access."]}],"lines":[{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L103.q.001","source":"天の橋立は 京都府の 北部に あって、宮津湾の 北側の 江尻という 所から 湾の 中に つき出ている 細長い すで、長さは 約二千二百メートル、はばは 五十ないし百メートルぐらいです。その 土地の 白い 砂の 上に 青い 松が 一面に はえていて、遠くから 見ると、橋の 様に 見えるので、天の橋立と 言われて います。多分 潮流や 風に よって 運ぱんされた 砂で 出来た ものでしょう。江尻と 湾の 南の 岸の 文珠の 間には 水路が ありますが、今では その 水路に 橋が かかっているから","translation":"Amanohashidate is in the northern part of Kyoto Prefecture. It is a long, narrow sandbar that extends into Miyazu Bay from a place called Ejiri on the north side of the bay, and is about 2,200 meters long and 50 to 100 meters wide. Green pine trees grow all over the white sand, and because it looks like a bridge when seen from a distance, it is called Amanohashidate. It was probably formed from sand carried by the tidal currents and wind. There is a waterway between Ejiri and Monju on the southern shore of the bay, but now a bridge spans that waterway, so","reading":"あまのはしだてはきょうとふのほくぶにあって、みやづわんのきたがわのえじりというところからわんのなかにつきでているほそながいすで、ながさはやくにせんにひゃくメートル、はばはごじゅうないしひゃくメートルぐらいです。そのとちのしろいすなのうえにあおいまつがいちめんにはえていて、とおくからみると、はしのようにみえるので、あまのはしだてといわれています。たぶんちょうりゅうやかぜによってうんぱんされたすなでできたものでしょう。えじりとわんのみなみのきしのもんじゅのあいだにはすいろがありますが、いまではそのすいろにはしがかかっているから","words":[{"text":"天の橋立","gloss":"Amanohashidate"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"府","gloss":"Prefecture","reading":"ふ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"北部","gloss":"northern part","reading":"ほくぶ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"is located"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"is located"},{"text":"宮津","gloss":"Miyazu","reading":"みやづ"},{"text":"湾","gloss":"Bay","reading":"わん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"北側","gloss":"north side","reading":"きたがわ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"江尻","gloss":"Ejiri","reading":"えじり"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"湾","gloss":"bay","reading":"わん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中","gloss":"middle","reading":"なか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"つき出","gloss":"extends"},{"text":"て","gloss":"extends"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"extends"},{"text":"細長い","gloss":"long and narrow","reading":"ほそながい"},{"text":"す","gloss":"sandbar"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is"},{"text":"長","gloss":"length","reading":"なが"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"length"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"約","gloss":"about","reading":"やく"},{"text":"二千","gloss":"two thousand","reading":"にせん"},{"text":"二百","gloss":"two 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away","reading":"とおく"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"look","reading":"みる"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"橋","gloss":"bridge","reading":"はし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"様","gloss":"form","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"like"},{"text":"見える","gloss":"looks","reading":"みえる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"天の橋立","gloss":"Amanohashidate"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言わ","gloss":"called","reading":"いわ"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"called"},{"text":"て","gloss":"called"},{"text":"い","gloss":"called"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"多分","gloss":"probably","reading":"たぶん"},{"text":"潮流","gloss":"tidal currents","reading":"ちょうりゅう"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"風","gloss":"wind","reading":"かぜ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"by"},{"text":"て","gloss":"by"},{"text":"運ぱん","gloss":"carried","reading":"うんぱん"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"carried"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"carried"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"砂","gloss":"sand","reading":"すな"},{"text":"で","gloss":"from"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"formed","reading":"でき"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"江尻","gloss":"Ejiri","reading":"えじり"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"湾","gloss":"bay","reading":"わん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"南","gloss":"south","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"岸","gloss":"shore","reading":"きし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"文珠","gloss":"Monju","reading":"もんじゅ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"間","gloss":"between"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"水路","gloss":"waterway","reading":"すいろ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"水路","gloss":"waterway","reading":"すいろ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"over"},{"text":"橋","gloss":"bridge","reading":"はし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"かかっ","gloss":"spans"},{"text":"て","gloss":"spans"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"spans"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.q.001.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L103.q.002","source":"文珠まで 歩いて 行ける様に なっています。一度 ライフというざっしに 天の橋立の写真が 出た事がありますが、これは 江尻の後にある山から とった写真で、そこからのながめは ゆう大です。ここから まためがねで見ると 特によいながめだそうです。まためがねで見るというのは、またの間から のぞいて見る事で、またが 大きな めがね か がくぶちの役をするのです。天の橋立へは 京都から 汽車で 行くのですが、と中で 乗り換えが 二度もあるので、大変めんどうだそうです。","translation":"it is possible to walk as far as Monju. A photograph of Amanohashidate once appeared in a magazine called Life; it was taken from a mountain behind Ejiri, and the view from there is magnificent. They say the view is especially good when you look at it through your legs from here. Looking through your legs means bending over and peering between them, with your legs serving as a large pair of spectacles or a picture frame. You go from Kyoto to Amanohashidate by train, but it is said to be very troublesome because you have to change trains twice along the way.","reading":"もんじゅまであるいていけるようになっています。いちどライフというざっしにあまのはしだてのしゃしんがでたことがありますが、これはえじりのうしろにあるやまからとったしゃしんで、そこからのながめはゆうだいです。ここからまためがねでみるととくによいながめだそうです。まためがねでみるというのは、またのあいだからのぞいてみることで、またがおおきなめがねかがくぶちのやくをするのです。あまのはしだてへはきょうとからきしゃでいくのですが、とちゅうでのりかえがにどもあるので、たいへんめんどうだそうです。","words":[{"text":"文珠","gloss":"Monju","reading":"もんじゅ"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"to"},{"text":"歩い","gloss":"walk","reading":"あるい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"walk"},{"text":"行ける","gloss":"can go","reading":"いける"},{"text":"様","gloss":"way","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"has become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"has become"},{"text":"い","gloss":"has become"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"度","gloss":"time","reading":"ど"},{"text":"ライフ","gloss":"Life"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazine"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"天の橋立","gloss":"Amanohashidate"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"写真","gloss":"photograph","reading":"しゃしん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出","gloss":"appeared","reading":"で"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"事","gloss":"occasion","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"江尻","gloss":"Ejiri","reading":"えじり"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"後","gloss":"behind","reading":"うしろ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"located"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountain","reading":"やま"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"taken"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"写真","gloss":"photograph","reading":"しゃしん"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ながめ","gloss":"view"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ゆう","gloss":"magnificent"},{"text":"大","gloss":"magnificent","reading":"だい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"また","gloss":"legs"},{"text":"めがね","gloss":"spectacles"},{"text":"で","gloss":"through"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"look","reading":"みる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"特に","gloss":"especially","reading":"とくに"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"ながめ","gloss":"view"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"また","gloss":"legs"},{"text":"めがね","gloss":"spectacles"},{"text":"で","gloss":"through"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"look","reading":"みる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"また","gloss":"legs"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"間","gloss":"between"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"のぞい","gloss":"peer"},{"text":"て","gloss":"peer"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"look","reading":"みる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is"},{"text":"また","gloss":"legs"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"めがね","gloss":"spectacles"},{"text":"か","gloss":"or"},{"text":"がく","gloss":"picture frame"},{"text":"ぶち","gloss":"picture 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way","reading":"ちゅう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"乗り換え","gloss":"transfer","reading":"のりかえ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"度","gloss":"times","reading":"ど"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"めんどう","gloss":"troublesome"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.q.002.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L103.q.003","source":"どんな 所ですか。","translation":"What kind of place is it?","reading":"どんなところですか。","words":[{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.q.003.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"北部","gloss":"the north, northern part"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Sand, currents and landforms · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Sand and moving water","paragraphs":["These words describe the sandbar and its formation. *す* means \"sand bar\", while *砂* means \"sand.\"","*潮流* means \"tidal current.\" Other entries describe transport, a long narrow shape, and land jutting out."]}],"lines":[{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.001","source":"細長い","translation":"long and slender","reading":"ほそながい","words":[{"text":"細長い","gloss":"long and slender","reading":"ほそながい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.001.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.002","source":"す","translation":"sand bar","reading":"す","words":[{"text":"す","gloss":"sandbar"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.002.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.003","source":"ないし","translation":"from ---- to","reading":"ないし","words":[{"text":"ないし","gloss":"from to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.003.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.004","source":"潮","translation":"tide","reading":"しお","words":[{"text":"潮","gloss":"tide","reading":"しお"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.004.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.005","source":"潮の流れ","translation":"tidal current","reading":"しおのながれ","words":[{"text":"潮の流れ","gloss":"tidal current","reading":"しおのながれ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.005.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.006","source":"流れ","translation":"current; flow","reading":"ながれ","words":[{"text":"流れ","gloss":"current","reading":"ながれ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.006.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.007","source":"砂","translation":"sand","reading":"すな","words":[{"text":"砂","gloss":"sand","reading":"すな"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.007.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.008","source":"運ぱんする","translation":"transport (v.t.)","reading":"うんぱんする","words":[{"text":"運ぱんする","gloss":"transport","reading":"うんぱんする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.008.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.009","source":"潮流","translation":"tidal current","reading":"ちょうりゅう","words":[{"text":"潮流","gloss":"tidal current","reading":"ちょうりゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.009.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.010","source":"つき出る","translation":"jut out","reading":"つきでる","words":[{"text":"つき出る","gloss":"jut out","reading":"つきでる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"潮の流れ","gloss":"tidal current"},{"word":"運ぱんする","gloss":"transport (v.t.)"},{"word":"つき出る","gloss":"jut out"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Shores, bays and bridges · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Around the bay","paragraphs":["These words locate the sandbar and its endpoints. *岸* means \"shore\" or \"bank\", and *宮津湾* means \"Miyazu Bay.\"","*ケーブルカー* means \"cable car.\" The mountain behind Ejiri has one."]}],"lines":[{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.011","source":"一面","translation":"all over","reading":"いちめん","words":[{"text":"一面","gloss":"all over","reading":"いちめん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.011.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.012","source":"はし","translation":"end; extremity; edge","reading":"はし","words":[{"text":"はし","gloss":"edge"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.012.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.013","source":"岸","translation":"shore; bank","reading":"きし","words":[{"text":"岸","gloss":"shore","reading":"きし"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.013.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.014","source":"宮津湾","translation":"Miyazu Bay","reading":"みやづわん","words":[{"text":"宮津湾","gloss":"Miyazu Bay","reading":"みやづわん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.014.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.015","source":"北側","translation":"north side","reading":"きたがわ","words":[{"text":"北側","gloss":"north side","reading":"きたがわ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.015.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.016","source":"のびる","translation":"extend; stretch (v.i.)","reading":"のびる","words":[{"text":"のびる","gloss":"extend"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.016.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.017","source":"江尻","translation":"P. N.","reading":"えじり","words":[{"text":"江尻","gloss":"Ejiri","reading":"えじり"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.017.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.018","source":"文珠","translation":"P. N.","reading":"もんじゅ","words":[{"text":"文珠","gloss":"Monju","reading":"もんじゅ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.018.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.019","source":"ライフ","translation":"Life (magazine)","reading":"ライフ","words":[{"text":"ライフ","gloss":"Life magazine"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.019.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.020","source":"ケーブルカー","translation":"cable car","reading":"ケーブルカー","words":[{"text":"ケーブルカー","gloss":"cable car"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"はし","gloss":"chopsticks"},{"word":"宮津湾","gloss":"Miyazu Bay"},{"word":"のびる","gloss":"to grow tall, grow long, stretch"},{"word":"ケーブルカー","gloss":"cable car"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Upside-down viewing words · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"An upside-down view","paragraphs":["These words describe looking between the thighs. *まためがね* names this viewing custom, and *さかさ* means \"upside down.\"","*役をする* means \"function as.\" In the description, the thighs function as spectacles or a picture frame and change the impression."]}],"lines":[{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.021","source":"ゆう大","translation":"magnificent; spectacular","reading":"ゆうだい","words":[{"text":"ゆう大","gloss":"magnificent","reading":"ゆうだい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.021.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.022","source":"まためがね","translation":"bending and looking through between legs (See Cult, Notes)","reading":"まためがね","words":[{"text":"まためがね","gloss":"view through legs"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.022.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.023","source":"また","translation":"thigh","reading":"また","words":[{"text":"また","gloss":"thigh"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.023.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.024","source":"のぞいて見る","translation":"peep through; look down","reading":"のぞいてみる","words":[{"text":"のぞいて見る","gloss":"peep through","reading":"のぞいてみる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.024.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.025","source":"のぞく","translation":"peep (v.t.)","reading":"のぞく","words":[{"text":"のぞく","gloss":"peep"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.025.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.026","source":"さかさ","translation":"upside down; inversion","reading":"さかさ","words":[{"text":"さかさ","gloss":"upside down"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.026.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.027","source":"めがね","translation":"eyeglasses; spectacles","reading":"めがね","words":[{"text":"めがね","gloss":"eyeglasses"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.027.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.028","source":"がくぶち","translation":"picture frame","reading":"がくぶち","words":[{"text":"がくぶち","gloss":"picture frame"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.028.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.029","source":"役をする","translation":"function as; do the work of","reading":"やくをする","words":[{"text":"役をする","gloss":"function as","reading":"やくをする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.029.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.030","source":"印象","translation":"impression","reading":"いんしょう","words":[{"text":"印象","gloss":"impression","reading":"いんしょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.030.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ゆう大","gloss":"magnificent; spectacular"},{"word":"まためがね","gloss":"bending and looking through between legs (See Cult, Notes)"},{"word":"のぞいて見る","gloss":"peep through; look down"},{"word":"のぞく","gloss":"peep (v.t.)"},{"word":"がくぶち","gloss":"picture frame"},{"word":"役をする","gloss":"function as; do the work of"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Coasts, chances and exceptions · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Travel and exceptions","paragraphs":["These words describe the destination and the chance to visit it. *日本海* means \"Japan Sea\", and *ついで* means \"opportunity\" or \"occasion.\"","*---は別として* means \"excluding.\" Other entries name a wish to visit, the northern part, and the space between two places."]}],"lines":[{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.031","source":"日本海","translation":"Japan Sea","reading":"にほんかい","words":[{"text":"日本海","gloss":"Sea of Japan","reading":"にほんかい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.031.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.032","source":"---は別として","translation":"excluding (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"---はべつとして","words":[{"text":"---は別として","gloss":"excluding","reading":"---はべつとして"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.032.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.033","source":"行って見たいもんだ","translation":"I would like to go and see","reading":"いってみたいもんだ","words":[{"text":"行って見たいもんだ","gloss":"want to visit","reading":"いってみたいもんだ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.033.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.034","source":"ついで","translation":"opportunity; chance; occasion","reading":"ついで","words":[{"text":"ついで","gloss":"opportunity"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.034.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.035","source":"サービス料","translation":"tip","reading":"サービスりょう","words":[{"text":"サービス料","gloss":"tip","reading":"サービスりょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.035.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.036","source":"北部","translation":"the north, northern part","reading":"ほくぶ","words":[{"text":"北部","gloss":"northern part","reading":"ほくぶ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.036.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L103.w.037","source":"間","translation":"between","reading":"あいだ","words":[{"text":"間","gloss":"between","reading":"あいだ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L103.w.037.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":3,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\n1 Topic Titles;\n\n1a Talk about AMA-NO-HASHIDATE.\n\n1a(1) Why it is called AMA-NO-HASHIDATE.\n\n1a(2) How far is it from Kyoto?\n\n1a(3) How is it formed? etc,\n\n2 Visual Cues;\n\n2a Look at the picture on Page 253 and talk about it"},{"section":4,"text":"Homewor k\n\n1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.\n\n2 Study the Grammar Perception Drill.\n\n3 Study the Pattern Practice and do the exercise given.\n\n4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.\n\n5 Read the Explanatory Notes.\n\n6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"日本海","gloss":"Japan Sea"},{"word":"---は別として","gloss":"excluding (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"行って見たいもんだ","gloss":"I would like to go and see"},{"word":"サービス料","gloss":"tip"}],"paradigms":[]}]}