{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L106","title":"Lesson 106","stage":"Reading Japan","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 106: recent travel and national parks · dialogue 1 of 5, comparing national park ownership · dialogue 2 of 5, park protection and facilities · dialogue 3 of 5, national parks and locations · dialogue 4 of 5, winter boat travel · dialogue 5 of 5, saying something happened recently · perception drill, events in the recent past · pattern 1 1 of 3, recent events and results · pattern 1 2 of 3, measuring time since events · pattern 1 3 of 3, protecting and managing national parks · reading selection, questions about park management · questions, cities, protection, facilities, parks.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/104","lines":121},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/103","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/105","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Recent travel and national parks · Dialogue 1 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"A recent return","paragraphs":["*坂田さん、あなたは 米国へ 旅行したそうですね* means \"Mr, Sakata, I understand you have travelled to the United States.\"","Sakata went in April and returned in July. The other speaker had thought that the trip was two or three years earlier."]},{"title":"Not long since returning","paragraphs":["*実は まだ帰って 間がないのです* means \"To tell you the truth, it hasn't been long since I came back.\"","Listen for *帰って* followed by *まだ* and *間がない*. Together they present his return as recent."]},{"title":"Kanji: 最","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.001","source":"坂田さん、あなたは 米国へ 旅行したそうですね。","translation":"Mr, Sakata, I understand you have travelled to the United States.","reading":"さかたさん、あなたはべいこくへりょこうしたそうですね。","words":[{"text":"坂田","gloss":"Sakata","reading":"さかた"},{"text":"さん、","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"旅行","gloss":"travel","reading":"りょこう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I understand"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.002","source":"ええ、しました。千九百六十五年の 四月に 行って、七月に帰りました。","translation":"Yes, I did. I went there in April 1965 and came back in July.","reading":"ええ、しました。せんきゅうひゃくろくじゅうごねんのしがつにいって、しちがつにかえりました。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"し","gloss":"did"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did"},{"text":"千","gloss":"one thousand","reading":"せん"},{"text":"九百","gloss":"nine hundred","reading":"きゅうひゃく"},{"text":"六十","gloss":"sixty","reading":"ろくじゅう"},{"text":"五","gloss":"five","reading":"ご"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four"},{"text":"月","gloss":"April"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"went","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"went"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"text":"月","gloss":"July"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"帰り","gloss":"returned","reading":"かえり"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"returned"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"returned"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.003","source":"そんなに 最近でしたか。二三年前かと思っていました。","translation":"Was it that recent? I thought it was two or three years ago.","reading":"そんなにさいきんでしたか。にさんねんまえかとおもっていました。","words":[{"text":"そんな","gloss":"that"},{"text":"に","gloss":"much"},{"text":"最近","gloss":"recent","reading":"さいきん"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"二三","gloss":"two or three","reading":"にさん"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"前","gloss":"ago","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"か","gloss":"perhaps"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"thought","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"thought"},{"text":"い","gloss":"thought"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"thought"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"thought"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.004","source":"実は まだ帰って 間がないのです。","translation":"To tell you the truth, it hasn’t been long since I came back.","reading":"じつはまだかえってまがないのです。","words":[{"text":"実","gloss":"truth","reading":"じつ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"came back","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"came back"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time","reading":"ま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not exist"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.005","source":"米国では 大きな都会ばかりでなく、国立公園も 見ましたか。","translation":"Did you see not only the large cities, but also the national parks in the United States?","reading":"べいこくではおおきなとかいばかりでなく、こくりつこうえんもみましたか。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"都会","gloss":"cities","reading":"とかい"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"national park","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"national park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"見","gloss":"saw","reading":"み"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"saw"},{"text":"た","gloss":"saw"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.006","source":"それがねえ、都合が 悪くて、ヨセミテ公園に 行っただけです。","translation":"Well, but, you see, circumstances didn’t permit me and I only went to Yosemite Park.","reading":"それがねえ、つごうがわるくて、ヨセミテこうえんにいっただけです。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ねえ、","gloss":"you see"},{"text":"都合","gloss":"circumstances","reading":"つごう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"悪く","gloss":"unfavorable","reading":"わるく"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ヨセミテ","gloss":"Yosemite Park"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"Yosemite Park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"went","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"--- TE MA GA NAI Following the TE-form of verbs, MA GA NAI expresses the meaning of \"It hasn’t been long since ---.\" The expression MA GA NAI means \"No time.\" Examples: MADA KAETTE MA GA NAI. \"It hasn’t been long since I returned.\" MADA TABETE MA GA NAI. \"It hasn’t been long since I ate.\" NIHONGO O BENKYOO SHIHAJIMETE MADA MA GA NAI. \"It hasn’t been long since I have started to study Japanese.\" TAMURA-SAN WA KEKKON SHITE MADA MA GA ARIMASEN. \"It hasn’t been long since Mr. Tamura got married.\" KONO JIDOOSHA WA MADA KATTE MA GA NAI NO DESU. \"It hasn’t been long since I bought this car.\""},{"section":2,"text":"KOKURITSU KOOEN Hayashi Razan (1583-1657), a great scholar of Chinese classics, once chose Matsushima, Ama-no-Hashidate, and Itsukushima as the \"scenic trio of Japan.\" All three have typical coastal views and are visited by lovers of nature. In 1927 the \"Eight Scenic Views\" were selected by public vote to include natural features of greater diversity than are found in the \"Scenic Trio of Japan.\" Then in 1932, the Government selected 12 zones as sites for national parks, and in 1936 they were officially designated. They are AKAN, DAISETSUZAN, TOWADA, NIKKOO, FUJI-HAKONE, CENTRAL MOUNTAINS (JAPAN ALPS), YOSHINO-KUMANO, DAISEN-OKI, the INLAND SEA, ASO, UNZEN, and KIRISHIMA-YAKU. Later 7 national parks, SHIKOTSU-TOOYA, RIKUCHUU KAIGAN, BANDAI-ASAHI, CHICHIBU-TAMA, JOOSHIN-ETSU KOOGEN, ISE-SHIMA, and SAIKAI, were added. Recently TOWADA, FUJI-HAKONE, and UNZEN were enlarged and renamed TOWADA-HACHIMANTAI, FUJI-HAKONE-IZU, and UNZEN-AMAKUSA respectively. Since November, 1962 four more national parks, namely SHIRETOKO, HAKUSAN, MINAMI-ARUPUSU, SAN-IN KAIGAN were added. National parks occupy 4,680,184 acres or 5.2% of the whole of Japan. In these areas travel facilities are being improved and nature conservation undertaken by administrative measures and by various organizations established for the purpose. Besides these national parks, there were as of December, 1965, 27 quasi-national parks (KOKUTEI KOOEN) in Japan."},{"section":3,"text":"BEPPU Beppu is known throughout Japan for its hot springs, which include alkaline, sulphur, iron, and carbonated baths, efficacious for various ailments. Among the numerous public baths, some owned privately and some by the municipality, the Furōsen (fountain of youth) is generally most popular among foreign visitors. There are also hot sand baths on the beach, a special feature of the spa, where people half bury themselves in the sand. Beppu is a city of about 100,000 population in the Oita Prefecture. Besides frequent railway services from Tokyo, Kobe, Kyoto, and Nagasaki, Beppu is also connected by steamship service with other parts on the Inland Sea. There is a comfortable daily service from Osaka to Beppu (22 hours) through the Inland Sea, maintained by the Kansai Kisen Kaisha."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"千","gloss":"1,000"},{"word":"九百","gloss":"900"},{"word":"六十","gloss":"60"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"月","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"word":"帰り","gloss":"return trip (See notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"前","gloss":"before, front"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"い","gloss":"stomach"},{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"},{"word":"間","gloss":"between"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"大きな","gloss":"big, large (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"都会","gloss":"city; metropolis"},{"word":"ばかり","gloss":"about"},{"word":"も","gloss":"as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"ねえ、","gloss":"dear, look; say, listen"},{"word":"だけ","gloss":"only, just (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Comparing national park ownership · Dialogue 2 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"Land and protection","paragraphs":["*米国の 国立公園は それぞれ自身の土地を 所有している事です* says that American national parks possess their own land.","Japanese national parks usually do not. Special administration protects the natural beauty within each region."]},{"title":"The national parks","paragraphs":["*自然美を 保護するために 特別のぎょうせいを やっているんです* means \"They carry out a special administration to protect the natural beauty.\"","Administrative measures and other organizations protect nature and improve travel facilities in Japan's national parks."]},{"title":"Kanji: 例, 護","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.007","source":"どうでした。","translation":"How was it?","reading":"どうでした。","words":[{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.008","source":"実に ゆう大ですね。スケールが あまり大きいので、かえって大きく見えないくらいですね。","translation":"It really is magnificent. Since the scale is so big that it doesn’t look too big.","reading":"じつにゆうだいですね。スケールがあまりおおきいので、かえっておおきくみえないくらいですね。","words":[{"text":"実","gloss":"really","reading":"じつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"really"},{"text":"ゆう","gloss":"magnificent"},{"text":"大","gloss":"magnificent","reading":"だい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"スケール","gloss":"scale"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"so"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"かえって","gloss":"actually"},{"text":"大きく","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"見え","gloss":"look","reading":"みえ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"to the extent"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.009","source":"日本の 国立公園とくらべて、そう言う気がしますか。","translation":"Compared to the national parks of Japan, is that the feeling you get?","reading":"にほんのこくりつこうえんとくらべて、そういうきがしますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"national park","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"national park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"くらべ","gloss":"compared"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"compared"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"such"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"気","gloss":"feeling","reading":"き"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.010","source":"しますね。それと、すぐ 気がつく事ですが、米国の 国立公園は それぞれ自身の土地を 所有している事です。","translation":"Yes, that’s the feeling I get. And this is something that you’ll become aware of right away, but the National Parks in America possess their own land.","reading":"しますね。それと、すぐきがつくことですが、べいこくのこくりつこうえんはそれぞれじしんのとちをしょゆうしていることです。","words":[{"text":"し","gloss":"feel"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"気","gloss":"attention","reading":"き"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"つく","gloss":"notice"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"national park","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"national park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"それぞれ","gloss":"each"},{"text":"自身","gloss":"own","reading":"じしん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"土地","gloss":"land","reading":"とち"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"所有","gloss":"possess","reading":"しょゆう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"possess"},{"text":"て","gloss":"possess"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"possess"},{"text":"事","gloss":"fact","reading":"こと"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.011","source":"日本の 国立公園は そうではないのですか。","translation":"Don’t Japanese National Parks possess their own land?","reading":"にほんのこくりつこうえんはそうではないのですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"national park","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"national park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.012","source":"例外は ありますが、ふつうは そうではないのです。ただ その地いきの中で 自然美を 保護するために 特別のぎょうせいを やっているんです。","translation":"There are exceptions, but usually they don’t. The only thing is that they carry out a special administration within the region to protect the natural beauty.","reading":"れいがいはありますが、ふつうはそうではないのです。ただそのちいきのなかでしぜんびをほごするためにとくべつのぎょうせいをやっているんです。","words":[{"text":"例外","gloss":"exceptions","reading":"れいがい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ふつう","gloss":"usually"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ただ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"地いき","gloss":"region","reading":"ちいき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中","gloss":"within","reading":"なか"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"自然","gloss":"natural beauty","reading":"しぜん"},{"text":"美","gloss":"natural beauty","reading":"び"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"保護","gloss":"protect","reading":"ほご"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"purpose"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"特別","gloss":"special","reading":"とくべつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ぎょう","gloss":"administration"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"administration"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"carry out"},{"text":"て","gloss":"carry out"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"carry out"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"スケール","gloss":"scale"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"かえって","gloss":"on the contrary, rather (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"くらい","gloss":"dark"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"すぐ","gloss":"right away, immediately"},{"word":"つく","gloss":"to arrive, to reach (v.i.)"},{"word":"それぞれ","gloss":"respectively"},{"word":"土地","gloss":"land, lot"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"例外","gloss":"exception"},{"word":"ただ","gloss":"merely"},{"word":"地いき","gloss":"area; district; region"},{"word":"美","gloss":"beauty"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Park protection and facilities · Dialogue 3 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"Protection and public use","paragraphs":["*各種の せいげん、きんしを げんじゅうに している* says that various limitations and prohibitions are strictly enforced.","The administration also controls industries and establishes facilities. *何千人と言う 利用者の 便ぎのため* identifies their purpose as the convenience of thousands of users."]},{"title":"Kanji: 各, 施","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 設","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.013","source":"自然美の えいきゅう的保護を はかる ぎょうせいだけ やるんですか。","translation":"Do they only carry out an administration to seek permanent protection of the natural beauty?","reading":"しぜんびのえいきゅうてきほごをはかるぎょうせいだけやるんですか。","words":[{"text":"自然","gloss":"natural beauty","reading":"しぜん"},{"text":"美","gloss":"natural beauty","reading":"び"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"えいきゅう","gloss":"permanent"},{"text":"的","gloss":"permanent","reading":"てき"},{"text":"保護","gloss":"protection","reading":"ほご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はかる","gloss":"seek"},{"text":"ぎょう","gloss":"administration"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"administration"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"やる","gloss":"carry out"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.014","source":"それが 主目的ですから、そのために 各種の せいげん、きんしを げんじゅうに しているし、産業の ちょうせつも やらなければ ならないのです。","translation":"That is the main objective, so various limitations and prohibitions are strictly enforced to accomplish that objective and industries also have to be controlled.","reading":"それがしゅもくてきですから、そのためにかくしゅのせいげん、きんしをげんじゅうにしているし、さんぎょうのちょうせつもやらなければならないのです。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"主","gloss":"main objective","reading":"しゅ"},{"text":"目的","gloss":"main objective","reading":"もくてき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"purpose"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"各種","gloss":"various","reading":"かくしゅ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"せいげん、","gloss":"limitations"},{"text":"きんし","gloss":"prohibitions"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"げんじゅう","gloss":"strictly"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"し","gloss":"enforce"},{"text":"て","gloss":"enforce"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"enforce"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"産業","gloss":"industries","reading":"さんぎょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ちょうせつ","gloss":"control"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"やら","gloss":"control"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.015","source":"なるほど。","translation":"I see.","reading":"なるほど。","words":[{"text":"なるほど。","gloss":"I see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.016","source":"その上、種々の こうせい 施設も 設けなければ ならないのです。","translation":"Besides that, various welfare facilities have to be established.","reading":"そのうえ、しゅじゅのこうせいしせつももうけなければならないのです。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"上、","gloss":"besides","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"種々","gloss":"various","reading":"しゅじゅ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"こうせい","gloss":"welfare facilities"},{"text":"施設","gloss":"welfare facilities","reading":"しせつ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"設け","gloss":"establish","reading":"もうけ"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.017","source":"こうせい 施設と言うと。","translation":"What do you mean by welfare facilities?","reading":"こうせいしせつというと。","words":[{"text":"こうせい","gloss":"welfare facilities"},{"text":"施設","gloss":"welfare facilities","reading":"しせつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"と。","gloss":"if"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.018","source":"何千人と言う 利用者の 便ぎのため 設ける 施設です。","translation":"They are the facilities for the convenience of thousands of users.","reading":"なんぜんにんというりようしゃのべんぎのためもうけるしせつです。","words":[{"text":"何千","gloss":"thousands","reading":"なんぜん"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"にん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called"},{"text":"利用","gloss":"users"},{"text":"者","gloss":"users"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"便","gloss":"convenience","reading":"べん"},{"text":"ぎ","gloss":"convenience"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"for"},{"text":"設ける","gloss":"establish","reading":"もうける"},{"text":"施設","gloss":"facilities","reading":"しせつ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"はかる","gloss":"seek; devise (v.t.)"},{"word":"やる","gloss":"to do"},{"word":"目的","gloss":"aim; objective"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"げんじゅう","gloss":"strictness"},{"word":"産業","gloss":"industry"},{"word":"なら","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"なるほど。","gloss":"I see, indeed, to be sure"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"者","gloss":"person"},{"word":"設ける","gloss":"establish (v.t.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"National parks and locations · Dialogue 4 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"Twenty-three national parks","paragraphs":["*現在 たしか 二十三か所 あると 思います* means \"I am sure there are 23 places at present.\"","Four are in Hokkaido. The speaker then lists the parks from north to south."]},{"title":"The park on the sea","paragraphs":["*瀬戸内海も 国立公園なんですか* asks whether the Seto Inland Sea is also a national park.","*ただ一つの 海上国立公園です* identifies it as the only over-the-sea national park in the world."]},{"title":"Kanji: 在, 雪","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.019","source":"キャンプ場の 施設、ホステルの 設立、道路の 開設、いじなど と 色々ある 施設ですね。","translation":"You mean there are campground facilities, establishment of hostels, construction and maintenance of roads, and many others, don’t you?","reading":"キャンプじょうのしせつ、ホステルのせつりつ、どうろのかいせつ、いじなどといろいろあるしせつですね。","words":[{"text":"キャンプ","gloss":"campground"},{"text":"場","gloss":"campground"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"施設、","gloss":"facilities","reading":"しせつ"},{"text":"ホステル","gloss":"hostels"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"設立、","gloss":"establishment","reading":"せつりつ"},{"text":"道路","gloss":"roads","reading":"どうろ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"開設、","gloss":"construction","reading":"かいせつ"},{"text":"いじ","gloss":"maintenance"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and so on"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"色々","gloss":"various","reading":"いろいろ"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"施設","gloss":"facilities","reading":"しせつ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.020","source":"そうです。","translation":"Yes.","reading":"そうです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.021","source":"日本には 国立公園が いくつありますか。","translation":"How many national parks are there in Japan?","reading":"にほんにはこくりつこうえんがいくつありますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"national park","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"national park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いく","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.021.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.022","source":"ええっと、現在 たしか 二十三か所 あると 思います。北の方からあげると、あかん、大雪山、しこつ・とうや、しれとこ。この 四か所は 北海道に あります。それから、とわだ 八まんたい、陸中海岸、ばんたい・朝日、日光、じょうしんえつ高原、ちちぶ・たま、富士・はこね・いづ、中部山がく、南アルプス、白山、いせ・しま、よしの・くまの、大山・おき、山陰海岸、瀬戸内海、西海、あそ、うんぜん・天草、きり島・やく です。","translation":"Let me see. I am sure there are 23 places at present. If I list them from the north, they are AKAN, DAISETSUZAN, SHIKOTSU-TOOYA, SHIRETOKO. These four places are in Hokkaidoo. Then there are TOWADA-HACHIMAN TAI, RIKUCHUU KAIGAN, BANDAI-ASAHI, NIKKOO, JOOSHINETSU KOOGEN, CHICHIBU-TAMA, FUJI-HAKONE-IZU, CHUUBUSANGAKU, MINAMI ARUPUSU, HAKUSAN, ISE-SHIMA, YOSHINO-KUMANO, DAISEN-OKI, SAN-IN KAIGAN, SETO-NAIKAI, SAIKAI, ASO, UNZEN-AMAKUSA, and KIRISHIMA-YAKU.","reading":"ええっと、げんざいたしかにじゅうさんかしょあるとおもいます。きたのほうからあげると、あかん、だいせつざん、しこつ・とうや、しれとこ。このよんかしょはほっかいどうにあります。それから、とわだはちまんたい、りくちゅうかいがん、ばんたい・あさひ、にっこう、じょうしんえつこうげん、ちちぶ・たま、ふじ・はこね・いづ、ちゅうぶさんがく、みなみアルプス、はくさん、いせ・しま、よしの・くまの、だいせん・おき、さんいんかいがん、せとないかい、さいかい、あそ、うんぜん・あまくさ、きりしま・やくです。","words":[{"text":"え","gloss":"let"},{"text":"えっと、","gloss":"me see"},{"text":"現在","gloss":"presently","reading":"げんざい"},{"text":"たしか","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"二十","gloss":"twenty","reading":"にじゅう"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"か所","gloss":"places","reading":"かしょ"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"北","gloss":"north","reading":"きた"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"direction","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"あげる","gloss":"list"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"あか","gloss":"Akan"},{"text":"ん、","gloss":"Akan"},{"text":"大雪","gloss":"Daisetsuzan"},{"text":"山、","gloss":"Daisetsuzan"},{"text":"し","gloss":"Shikotsu-Toya"},{"text":"こつ・","gloss":"Shikotsu-Toya"},{"text":"とう","gloss":"Shikotsu-Toya"},{"text":"や、","gloss":"Shikotsu-Toya"},{"text":"しれとこ。","gloss":"Shiretoko"},{"text":"この","gloss":"these"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four","reading":"よん"},{"text":"か所","gloss":"places","reading":"かしょ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"北海道","gloss":"Hokkaido","reading":"ほっかいどう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"とわ","gloss":"Towada-Hachimantai"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"Towada-Hachimantai"},{"text":"八","gloss":"Towada-Hachimantai","reading":"はち"},{"text":"まん","gloss":"Towada-Hachimantai"},{"text":"たい、","gloss":"Towada-Hachimantai"},{"text":"陸中","gloss":"Rikuchu Coast","reading":"りくちゅう"},{"text":"海岸、","gloss":"Rikuchu Coast","reading":"かいがん"},{"text":"ばん","gloss":"Bandai-Asahi"},{"text":"たい・","gloss":"Bandai-Asahi"},{"text":"朝日、","gloss":"Bandai-Asahi","reading":"あさひ"},{"text":"日光、","gloss":"Nikko","reading":"にっこう"},{"text":"じょう","gloss":"Joshinetsu Highlands"},{"text":"しん","gloss":"Joshinetsu Highlands"},{"text":"え","gloss":"Joshinetsu Highlands"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"Joshinetsu Highlands"},{"text":"高原、","gloss":"Joshinetsu Highlands","reading":"こうげん"},{"text":"ちち","gloss":"Chichibu-Tama"},{"text":"ぶ・","gloss":"Chichibu-Tama"},{"text":"たま、","gloss":"Chichibu-Tama"},{"text":"富士・","gloss":"Fuji-Hakone-Izu","reading":"ふじ"},{"text":"はこ","gloss":"Fuji-Hakone-Izu"},{"text":"ね・","gloss":"Fuji-Hakone-Izu"},{"text":"いづ、","gloss":"Fuji-Hakone-Izu"},{"text":"中部","gloss":"Chubu Mountains","reading":"ちゅうぶ"},{"text":"山","gloss":"Chubu Mountains","reading":"さん"},{"text":"がく、","gloss":"Chubu Mountains"},{"text":"南アルプス、","gloss":"Southern Alps","reading":"みなみあるぷす"},{"text":"白山、","gloss":"Mount Hakusan","reading":"はくさん"},{"text":"いせ・","gloss":"Ise-Shima"},{"text":"しま、","gloss":"Ise-Shima"},{"text":"よしの・","gloss":"Yoshino-Kumano"},{"text":"くま","gloss":"Yoshino-Kumano"},{"text":"の、","gloss":"Yoshino-Kumano"},{"text":"大山・","gloss":"Daisen-Oki","reading":"だいせん"},{"text":"おき、","gloss":"Daisen-Oki"},{"text":"山陰","gloss":"Sanin Coast","reading":"さんいん"},{"text":"海岸、","gloss":"Sanin Coast","reading":"かいがん"},{"text":"瀬戸","gloss":"Seto Inland Sea","reading":"せと"},{"text":"内海、","gloss":"Seto Inland Sea","reading":"ないかい"},{"text":"西海、","gloss":"Saikai","reading":"さいかい"},{"text":"あ","gloss":"Aso"},{"text":"そ、","gloss":"Aso"},{"text":"うんぜ","gloss":"Unzen-Amakusa"},{"text":"ん・","gloss":"Unzen-Amakusa"},{"text":"天草、","gloss":"Unzen-Amakusa","reading":"あまくさ"},{"text":"きり","gloss":"Kirishima-Yaku"},{"text":"島・","gloss":"Kirishima-Yaku","reading":"しま"},{"text":"やく","gloss":"Kirishima-Yaku"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.022.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.023","source":"瀬戸内海も 国立公園なんですか。","translation":"Is the Seto Inland Sea a national park?","reading":"せとないかいもこくりつこうえんなんですか。","words":[{"text":"瀬戸","gloss":"Seto Inland Sea","reading":"せと"},{"text":"内海","gloss":"Seto Inland Sea","reading":"ないかい"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"national park","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"national park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.023.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.024","source":"そうです。せかい中で、ただ一つの 海上国立公園です。","translation":"That’s right, it is the only over-the-sea national park in the world.","reading":"そうです。せかいじゅうで、ただひとつのかいじょうこくりつこうえんです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"せかい","gloss":"world"},{"text":"中","gloss":"throughout","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ただ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"海上","gloss":"over-the-sea","reading":"かいじょう"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"national park","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"national park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ホステル","gloss":"hostel"},{"word":"道路","gloss":"road"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"現在","gloss":"present; at present"},{"word":"たしか","gloss":"I am sure, certainly"},{"word":"二十","gloss":"20"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"北","gloss":"north"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"あげる","gloss":"to give"},{"word":"山、","gloss":"mountain"},{"word":"とう","gloss":"tower"},{"word":"や、","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"word":"海岸、","gloss":"coast, shore"},{"word":"ばん","gloss":"evening, night"},{"word":"朝日、","gloss":"Asahi Newspaper Co."},{"word":"日光、","gloss":"Nikko, P.N,; sun’s ray"},{"word":"ちち","gloss":"milk"},{"word":"南アルプス、","gloss":"the Southern Alps (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"しま、","gloss":"island"},{"word":"きり","gloss":"fog"},{"word":"やく","gloss":"approximately (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"せかい","gloss":"world"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"海上","gloss":"on the sea; over the sea"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Winter boat travel · Dialogue 5 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"A winter journey","paragraphs":["*私は 冬休みには 大阪から 船で 別府に 行く 計画です* means \"I am planning to go from Osaka to Beppu by boat during the winter vacation.\"","The route passes through the Seto Inland Sea. The traveler has been urged to make this journey."]},{"title":"Beppu and its hot springs","paragraphs":["Beppu has hot springs with alkaline, sulphur, iron and carbonated baths. The beach also has hot sand baths.","Beppu is a city of about 100,000 people in Oita Prefecture. A daily ship from Osaka takes 22 hours through the Inland Sea."]}],"lines":[{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.025","source":"私は 冬休みには 大阪から 船で 別府に 行く 計画です。瀬戸内海は ぜひ一度 通って見よと言われているんです。","translation":"I am planning to go from Osaka to Beppu by boat during the winter vacation. I have been told to go through the Seto Inland Sea once by all means.","reading":"わたくしはふゆやすみにはおおさかからふねでべっぷにいくけいかくです。せとないかいはぜひいちどとおってみよといわれているんです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"冬休み","gloss":"winter vacation","reading":"ふゆやすみ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"during"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大阪","gloss":"Osaka","reading":"おおさか"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"船","gloss":"boat","reading":"ふね"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"別府","gloss":"Beppu","reading":"べっぷ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"計画","gloss":"plan","reading":"けいかく"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"瀬戸","gloss":"Seto Inland Sea","reading":"せと"},{"text":"内海","gloss":"Seto Inland Sea","reading":"ないかい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ぜひ","gloss":"by all means"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"度","gloss":"time","reading":"ど"},{"text":"通っ","gloss":"go through","reading":"とおっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go through"},{"text":"見よ","gloss":"try","reading":"みよ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言わ","gloss":"have been told","reading":"いわ"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"have been told"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have been told"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"have been told"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.025.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L106.dlg.026","source":"いいですね。","translation":"That will be nice.","reading":"いいですね。","words":[{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.dlg.026.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"別府","gloss":"P.N. (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ぜひ","gloss":"by all means"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying something happened recently · Perception drill","teaching":[{"title":"Not long since an action","paragraphs":["*晩飯を 食べて まだ 間がない* means \"It hasn't been long since I ate supper.\"","*間がない* means \"no time\". After a verb's TE-form, it says that not much time has passed since the action."]},{"title":"The pattern in a reason","paragraphs":["*勉強を 始めて まだ 間がないんだから、まだ 何とも 言えないね* means \"It hasn't been long since I started to study, so I can't say anything about it yet.\"","The recent event can supply a reason for the statement that follows."]}],"lines":[{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L106.gp1.01","source":"実は まだ 帰って間がない のです。","translation":"To tell you the truth, it hasn’t been long since I came back.","reading":"じつはまだかえってまがないのです。","words":[{"text":"実","gloss":"truth","reading":"じつ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"came back","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"came back"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time","reading":"ま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not exist"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L106.gp1.02","source":"田村君、何か 飲むかね。","translation":"Say, Tamura, do you want to drink something?","reading":"たむらくん、なにかのむかね。","words":[{"text":"田村","gloss":"Tamura"},{"text":"君、","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"何","gloss":"what"},{"text":"か","gloss":"something"},{"text":"飲む","gloss":"drink","reading":"のむ"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L106.gp1.03","source":"いや、晩飯を 食べて まだ 間がないので、何も 飲みたくない。","translation":"No, it hasn’t been long since I ate supper, so I don’t want to drink anything.","reading":"いや、ばんめしをたべてまだまがないので、なにものみたくない。","words":[{"text":"いや、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"晩飯","gloss":"supper","reading":"ばんめし"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"ate","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"ate"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time","reading":"ま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not exist"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なに"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"飲み","gloss":"drink","reading":"のみ"},{"text":"たく","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L106.gp1.04","source":"山田君、この方は 東京に来て、まだ あまり 間がないので、君、案内してやってくれないか。","translation":"Say, Yamada, it hasn’t been long since he came to Tokyo, so will you take him around Tokyo?","reading":"やまだくん、このかたはとうきょうにきて、まだあまりまがないので、きみ、あんないしてやってくれないか。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"君、","gloss":"Mr.","reading":"くん"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"came"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time","reading":"ま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not exist"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"君、","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"案内","gloss":"guide","reading":"あんない"},{"text":"し","gloss":"guide"},{"text":"て","gloss":"guide"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"do for him"},{"text":"て","gloss":"do for him"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"give"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L106.gp1.05","source":"はい、承知しました。","translation":"Yes, certainly.","reading":"はい、しょうちしました。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"承知","gloss":"understood","reading":"しょうち"},{"text":"し","gloss":"understood"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"understood"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"understood"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L106.gp1.06","source":"このテレビは 写真も はっきりしていて、よく 見えますね。","translation":"Ihis television has a clear picture and you can see well, can’t you?","reading":"このテレビはしゃしんもはっきりしていて、よくみえますね。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"テレビ","gloss":"television"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"写真","gloss":"picture","reading":"しゃしん"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"はっきり","gloss":"clearly"},{"text":"し","gloss":"is"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"見え","gloss":"can see","reading":"みえ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L106.gp1.07","source":"ええ、買って まだ 間がないんですからね。","translation":"Yes, because it hasn’t been long since I bought it,","reading":"ええ、かってまだまがないんですからね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"bought","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"bought"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time","reading":"ま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not exist"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L106.gp1.08","source":"君は 日本語を 勉強している そうだが、どうかね。","translation":"I understand you are studying Japanese now, but how is it?","reading":"きみはにほんごをべんきょうしているそうだが、どうかね。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"study"},{"text":"て","gloss":"study"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"study"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I understand"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L106.gp1.09","source":"勉強を 始めて まだ 間がないんだから、まだ 何とも 言えないね。","translation":"It hasn’t been long since I started to study, so I can’t say anything about it yet.","reading":"べんきょうをはじめてまだまがないんだから、まだなんともいえないね。","words":[{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"始め","gloss":"started","reading":"はじめ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"started"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time","reading":"ま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not exist"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"can say","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L106.gp1.10","source":"奥さんは 長い間 入院なさっていらっしゃった そうですが、いかがですか。","translation":"I understand your wife has been hospitalized for a long time, but how is she?","reading":"おくさんはながいあいだにゅういんなさっていらっしゃったそうですが、いかがですか。","words":[{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"長い","gloss":"long"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time"},{"text":"入院","gloss":"hospitalized"},{"text":"なさっ","gloss":"hospitalized"},{"text":"て","gloss":"hospitalized"},{"text":"いらっしゃっ","gloss":"hospitalized"},{"text":"た","gloss":"hospitalized"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I understand"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"いかが","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L106.gp1.11","source":"病院から出て まだ 間がないので、あまり 無理は出来ないんです。でも、もうかなり 元気になって来ましたよ。","translation":"It hasn’t been long since she left the hos-pital, so she can’t overstrain herself yet. But, she has regained her health quite a bit already.","reading":"びょういんからでてまだまがないので、あまりむりはできないんです。でも、もうかなりげんきになってきましたよ。","words":[{"text":"病院","gloss":"hospital","reading":"びょういん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"出","gloss":"left","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"left"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time","reading":"ま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not exist"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very"},{"text":"無理","gloss":"overexertion","reading":"むり"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can do","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"かなり","gloss":"considerably"},{"text":"元気","gloss":"healthy","reading":"げんき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"has become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"has become"},{"text":"来","gloss":"has become","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"has become"},{"text":"た","gloss":"has become"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.gp1.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"君、","gloss":"suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いや、","gloss":"no"},{"word":"テレビ","gloss":"television"},{"word":"はっきり","gloss":"clearly"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"病院","gloss":"hospital"},{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"かなり","gloss":"fairly"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Events in the recent past · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A recent event","paragraphs":["*日本から 帰って まだ 間がないのです* means \"It hasn't been long since I returned from Japan.\"","The TE-form and *まだ 間がない* present the return as recent."]},{"title":"Reasons and contrasts","paragraphs":["*けっこんして 間がないのに 子供が 出来ました* says that a couple had a child although they had not been married long.","*のに* introduces a contrast. In another line, *から* connects the recent event to a reason."]}],"lines":[{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.m1","source":"日本から 帰って まだ 間がないのです。","translation":"It hasn't been long since I returned from Japan.","reading":"にほんからかえってまだまがないのです。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"returned","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"returned"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time","reading":"ま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not exist"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.01","source":"この自動車は まだ 買って 間がないのです。","translation":"It hasn't been long since I bought this car.","reading":"このじどうしゃはまだかってまがないのです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"bought","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"bought"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time","reading":"ま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not exist"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.02","source":"日本語を 習い始めて まだ 間がないのです。","translation":"It hasn't been long since I began studying Japanese.","reading":"にほんごをならいはじめてまだまがないのです。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習い","gloss":"learning","reading":"ならい"},{"text":"始め","gloss":"began","reading":"はじめ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"began"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time","reading":"ま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not exist"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.03","source":"モンテレーに ひっこして まだ 間がありません。","translation":"It hasn't been long since I moved to Monterey.","reading":"モンテレーにひっこしてまだまがありません。","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"ひっこし","gloss":"moved"},{"text":"て","gloss":"moved"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time","reading":"ま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"not been long"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not been long"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not been long"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.04","source":"昼飯を 食べて まだあんまり 間がありません。","translation":"It hasn't been very long since I ate lunch.","reading":"ひるめしをたべてまだあんまりまがありません。","words":[{"text":"昼飯","gloss":"lunch","reading":"ひるめし"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"ate","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"ate"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"あんまり","gloss":"very"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time","reading":"ま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"not been long"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not been long"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not been long"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.05","source":"学校を そつ業して まだ 間がありません。","translation":"It hasn't been long since I graduated from school.","reading":"がっこうをそつぎょうしてまだまがありません。","words":[{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"そつ業","gloss":"graduated"},{"text":"し","gloss":"graduated"},{"text":"て","gloss":"graduated"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time","reading":"ま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"not been long"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not been long"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not been long"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.06","source":"けっこんして 間がないのに 子供が 出来ました。","translation":"Although it hadn't been long since we got married, we had a child.","reading":"けっこんしてまがないのにこどもができました。","words":[{"text":"けっこん","gloss":"married"},{"text":"し","gloss":"married"},{"text":"て","gloss":"married"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time","reading":"ま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not exist"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"に","gloss":"although"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"was born","reading":"でき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was born"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was born"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.07","source":"このさくらの木は 植えて 間がないのに 花がさきました。","translation":"Although it hasn't been long since this cherry tree was planted, it has blossomed.","reading":"このさくらのきはうえてまがないのにはながさきました。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"さくら","gloss":"cherry"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"木","gloss":"tree","reading":"き"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"植え","gloss":"planted","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"planted"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time","reading":"ま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not exist"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"に","gloss":"although"},{"text":"花","gloss":"flowers","reading":"はな"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"さき","gloss":"bloomed"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"bloomed"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"bloomed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.08","source":"薬を 飲んで 間がないから、まだ 痛みは やみません。","translation":"Since it hasn't been long since I took the medicine, the pain hasn't stopped yet.","reading":"くすりをのんでまがないから、まだいたみはやみません。","words":[{"text":"薬","gloss":"medicine","reading":"くすり"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"飲ん","gloss":"took","reading":"のん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"took"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time","reading":"ま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not exist"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"痛み","gloss":"pain","reading":"いたみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やみ","gloss":"stopped"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"stopped"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"stopped"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"車","gloss":"vehicle, car"},{"word":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"word":"ひっこし","gloss":"moving, change of address"},{"word":"さくら","gloss":"cherry (flower)"},{"word":"木","gloss":"tree, wood"},{"word":"さき","gloss":"tip, point"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Recent events and results · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A result sooner than expected","paragraphs":["*このトランジスターは まだ 買って あまり 間がないのに、もう こわれましたよ* says that the radio broke soon after it was bought.","*まだ あまり 間がない* says that little time has passed. *のに* contrasts that short interval with the result."]},{"title":"Progress in a short time","paragraphs":["*日本語を 習い始めて まだ あまり間がないのに、日本語が ずい分 上手になりましたね* says that Mr. Jones became quite good at Japanese soon after starting.","The same form presents his progress as a result that came sooner than expected."]}],"lines":[{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.09","source":"まだ づつうが なおりませんか。","translation":"Has your headache still not gone away?","reading":"まだづつうがなおりませんか。","words":[{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"づつ","gloss":"headache"},{"text":"う","gloss":"headache"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"なおり","gloss":"gone away"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"gone away"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"gone away"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.10","source":"薬を 飲んで まだ あまり 間がないから、まだですが、もう 二三分したら 痛みが やむでしょう。","translation":"It hasn't been very long since I took the medicine, so the pain is still there, but it will probably stop in another two or three minutes.","reading":"くすりをのんでまだあまりまがないから、まだですが、もうにさんぷんしたらいたみがやむでしょう。","words":[{"text":"薬","gloss":"medicine","reading":"くすり"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"飲ん","gloss":"took","reading":"のん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"took"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time","reading":"ま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not exist"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"another"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three"},{"text":"分","gloss":"minutes"},{"text":"し","gloss":"pass"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"when"},{"text":"痛み","gloss":"pain","reading":"いたみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"やむ","gloss":"stop"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.11","source":"夕飯を 食べて まだ 間がないのに、あの 子供は もう 何か 食べていますよ。","translation":"Although it hasn't been long since dinner, that child is already eating something.","reading":"ゆうはんをたべてまだまがないのに、あのこどもはもうなにかたべていますよ。","words":[{"text":"夕飯","gloss":"dinner","reading":"ゆうはん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"ate","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"ate"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time","reading":"ま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not exist"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"に、","gloss":"although"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"か","gloss":"something"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eating","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"eating"},{"text":"い","gloss":"eating"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"eating"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.12","source":"ええ、子供は よく 食べますからね。","translation":"Yes, children eat a lot, you know.","reading":"ええ、こどもはよくたべますからね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"a lot"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.13","source":"このトランジスターは まだ 買って あまり 間がないのに、もう こわれましたよ。","translation":"Although it hasn't been very long since I bought this transistor radio, it has already broken.","reading":"このトランジスターはまだかってあまりまがないのに、もうこわれましたよ。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"トランジスター","gloss":"transistor radio"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"bought","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"bought"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time","reading":"ま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not much"},{"text":"の","gloss":"although"},{"text":"に、","gloss":"although"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"こわれ","gloss":"broke"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.14","source":"やはり 安い物を 買うと だめですね。","translation":"Buying cheap things is no good after all, isn't it?","reading":"やはりやすいものをかうとだめですね。","words":[{"text":"やはり","gloss":"after all"},{"text":"安い","gloss":"cheap","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buying","reading":"かう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"だめ","gloss":"no good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.15","source":"ジョンズさんは 日本語を 習い始めて まだ あまり間がないのに、日本語が ずい分 上手になりましたね。","translation":"Although it hasn't been very long since Mr. Jones began studying Japanese, his Japanese has become quite good, hasn't it?","reading":"ジョンズさんはにほんごをならいはじめてまだあまりまがないのに、にほんごがずいぶんじょうずになりましたね。","words":[{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習い","gloss":"began studying","reading":"ならい"},{"text":"始め","gloss":"began studying","reading":"はじめ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"began studying"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time","reading":"ま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not long"},{"text":"の","gloss":"although"},{"text":"に、","gloss":"although"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"quite","reading":"ずいぶん"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.15.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.16","source":"ええ、そうですね。かれは 頭が よい上に よく 勉強しますからね。","translation":"Yes, that's right. He is intelligent, and besides that, he studies hard.","reading":"ええ、そうですね。かれはあたまがよいうえによくべんきょうしますからね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"right"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"かれ","gloss":"he"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"頭","gloss":"mind","reading":"あたま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"intelligent"},{"text":"上","gloss":"besides","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in addition"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"hard"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.17","source":"田中さんの 奥さんは 病院から 出て、まだ 間がないんでしょう。","translation":"It hasn't been long since Mrs. Tanaka left the hospital, has it?","reading":"たなかさんのおくさんはびょういんからでて、まだまがないんでしょう。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mrs."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"病院","gloss":"hospital","reading":"びょういん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"出","gloss":"left","reading":"で"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"left"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time","reading":"ま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not long"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.17.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"分","gloss":"minute"},{"word":"やむ","gloss":"stop (v.i.)"},{"word":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"に、","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"やはり","gloss":"as it should be expected"},{"word":"買う","gloss":"to buy"},{"word":"だめ","gloss":"no good, useless,\nhopeless"},{"word":"ずい分","gloss":"very much"},{"word":"上手","gloss":"skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"かれ","gloss":"he"},{"word":"頭","gloss":"head, mind"},{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Measuring time since events · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"The time since an event","paragraphs":["*二日ぐらいですね* means \"About two days.\" It gives the amount of time since an action.","The action can be *日本へ行く*, \"Go to Japan,\" or *そつ業する*, \"Graduate.\" Each verb changes to its TE-form before the recent-event pattern."]},{"title":"Different starting events","paragraphs":["*戦争が 終る* means \"The war ends.\" *移転する* means \"Move.\"","The other starting events are getting up and returning. The answer states how much time has passed since each event."]}],"lines":[{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.18","source":"二日ぐらいですね。","translation":"About two days.","reading":"ふつかぐらいですね。","words":[{"text":"二","gloss":"two days"},{"text":"日","gloss":"two days"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.19","source":"日本へ行く。","translation":"Go to Japan.","reading":"にほんへいく。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く。","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.20","source":"そつ業する。","translation":"Graduate.","reading":"そつぎょうする。","words":[{"text":"そつ業","gloss":"graduation"},{"text":"する。","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.20.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.21","source":"戦争が 終る。","translation":"The war ends.","reading":"せんそうがおわる。","words":[{"text":"戦争","gloss":"war","reading":"せんそう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"終る。","gloss":"ends","reading":"おわる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.21.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.22","source":"移転する。","translation":"Move.","reading":"いてんする。","words":[{"text":"移転","gloss":"relocation","reading":"いてん"},{"text":"する。","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.22.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.23","source":"起きる。","translation":"Get up.","reading":"おきる。","words":[{"text":"起きる。","gloss":"get up","reading":"おきる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.23.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L106.pt1.24","source":"帰る。","translation":"Return.","reading":"かえる。","words":[{"text":"帰る。","gloss":"return","reading":"かえる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.pt1.24.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Protecting and managing national parks · Reading Selection","teaching":[{"title":"Protection through administration","paragraphs":["*日本の 国立公園の ほとんどは アメリカの 国立公園とは 違って、それぞれ 自身の 土地を 所有していない のです* says that most Japanese national parks do not own their lands.","The passage describes administration that protects natural beauty through restrictions and prohibitions."]},{"title":"Facilities and the largest park","paragraphs":["*何千人と言う 利用者の 便ぎを はかるため* gives the reason for campsites, hostels and roads: the convenience of thousands of users.","*一番 面せきの 大きいのは 瀬戸内海国立公園* identifies the Seto Inland Sea park as the largest. It is also the world's only marine park."]}],"lines":[{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L106.rd.001","source":"日本の 国立公園の ほとんどは アメリカの 国立公園とは 違って、それぞれ 自身の 土地を 所有していない のです。","translation":"Unlike the national parks in the United States, most of Japan's national parks do not own their respective lands.","reading":"にほんのこくりつこうえんのほとんどはアメリカのこくりつこうえんとはちがって、それぞれじしんのとちをしょゆうしていないのです。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"national","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほとんど","gloss":"most"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"アメリカ","gloss":"United States"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"national","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"parks","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"違っ","gloss":"differ","reading":"ちがっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"differ"},{"text":"それぞれ","gloss":"each"},{"text":"自身","gloss":"own","reading":"じしん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"土地","gloss":"land","reading":"とち"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"所有","gloss":"own","reading":"しょゆう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do not own"},{"text":"て","gloss":"do not own"},{"text":"い","gloss":"do not own"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"do not own"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L106.rd.002","source":"したがって、日本の 国立公園ぎょうせいは、公園の 地いきの中の 自然美を えいきゅう的に 保護する事です。","translation":"Consequently, the task of Japan's national park administration is to preserve permanently the natural beauty within the park areas.","reading":"したがって、にほんのこくりつこうえんぎょうせいは、こうえんのちいきのなかのしぜんびをえいきゅうてきにほごすることです。","words":[{"text":"したがっ","gloss":"consequently"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"consequently"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"national","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"ぎょう","gloss":"administration"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"administration"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"地いき","gloss":"area","reading":"ちいき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"中","gloss":"inside","reading":"なか"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"自然","gloss":"natural","reading":"しぜん"},{"text":"美","gloss":"beauty","reading":"び"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"えいきゅう","gloss":"permanent"},{"text":"的","gloss":"permanent","reading":"てき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"保護","gloss":"preserve","reading":"ほご"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"事","gloss":"task","reading":"こと"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L106.rd.003","source":"そのために、各種の せいげん、きんしを げんじゅうに しなければ ならないのです。","translation":"For that purpose, various restrictions and prohibitions must be strictly enforced.","reading":"そのために、かくしゅのせいげん、きんしをげんじゅうにしなければならないのです。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"purpose"},{"text":"に、","gloss":"for"},{"text":"各種","gloss":"various","reading":"かくしゅ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"せいげん、","gloss":"restrictions"},{"text":"きんし","gloss":"prohibitions"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"げんじゅう","gloss":"strictly"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"must"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L106.rd.004","source":"又 何千人と言う 利用者の 便ぎを はかるため、キャンプ場の 施設、ホステルの 設立、道路の 開設、いじなどと 種々の こうせい 施設を 設けなければ ならないのです。","translation":"Also, for the convenience of the thousands of people who use the parks, various public facilities must be provided, such as campsites, hostels, and the construction and maintenance of roads.","reading":"またなんぜんにんというりようしゃのべんぎをはかるため、キャンプじょうのしせつ、ホステルのせつりつ、どうろのかいせつ、いじなどとしゅじゅのこうせいしせつをもうけなければならないのです。","words":[{"text":"又","gloss":"also"},{"text":"何千","gloss":"thousands"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called"},{"text":"利用","gloss":"users"},{"text":"者","gloss":"users"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"便","gloss":"convenience","reading":"べん"},{"text":"ぎ","gloss":"convenience"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はかる","gloss":"ensure"},{"text":"ため、","gloss":"purpose"},{"text":"キャンプ","gloss":"campground"},{"text":"場","gloss":"campground"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"施設、","gloss":"facilities","reading":"しせつ"},{"text":"ホステル","gloss":"hostel"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"設立、","gloss":"establishment","reading":"せつりつ"},{"text":"道路","gloss":"roads","reading":"どうろ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"開設、","gloss":"construction","reading":"かいせつ"},{"text":"いじ","gloss":"maintenance"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and so on"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"種々","gloss":"various","reading":"しゅじゅ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"こうせい","gloss":"public"},{"text":"施設","gloss":"facilities","reading":"しせつ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"設け","gloss":"provide","reading":"もうけ"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"must"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L106.rd.005","source":"国立公園は 地いきが 広いばかり","translation":"National parks must not only cover a large area.","reading":"こくりつこうえんはちいきがひろいばかり","words":[{"text":"国立","gloss":"national","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"parks","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"地いき","gloss":"area","reading":"ちいき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"広い","gloss":"large","reading":"ひろい"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L106.rd.006","source":"でなく、けしきも 変かが 多く、ゆう大でなければ ならないのです。","translation":"They must also have varied and magnificent scenery.","reading":"でなく、けしきもへんかがおおく、ゆうだいでなければならないのです。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not"},{"text":"けしき","gloss":"scenery"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"変","gloss":"variation","reading":"へん"},{"text":"か","gloss":"variation"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多く、","gloss":"many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"ゆう","gloss":"magnificent"},{"text":"大","gloss":"magnificent","reading":"だい"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"must"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L106.rd.007","source":"日本で 最初の 国立公園は 千九百三十四年に していされたもので、現在 北海道から 九州にかけて 二十三か所にあります。","translation":"Japan's first national parks were designated in 1934, and there are now twenty-three of them from Hokkaido to Kyushu.","reading":"にほんでさいしょのこくりつこうえんはせんきゅうひゃくさんじゅうよねんにしていされたもので、げんざいほっかいどうからきゅうしゅうにかけてにじゅうさんかしょにあります。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"最初","gloss":"first","reading":"さいしょ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"national","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"parks","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"千","gloss":"one thousand"},{"text":"九百","gloss":"nine hundred"},{"text":"三十","gloss":"thirty"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"し","gloss":"designated"},{"text":"て","gloss":"designated"},{"text":"い","gloss":"designated"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"designated"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"designated"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"現在","gloss":"now","reading":"げんざい"},{"text":"北海道","gloss":"Hokkaido","reading":"ほっかいどう"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"九州","gloss":"Kyushu","reading":"きゅうしゅう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かけ","gloss":"spanning"},{"text":"て","gloss":"spanning"},{"text":"二十","gloss":"twenty","reading":"にじゅう"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"か所","gloss":"places","reading":"かしょ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L106.rd.008","source":"一番 面せきの 大きいのは 瀬戸内海国立公園で、せかい中で、ただ一つの 海上国立公園です。","translation":"The Seto Inland Sea National Park is the largest in area and is the only marine national park in the world.","reading":"いちばんめんせきのおおきいのはせとないかいこくりつこうえんで、せかいじゅうで、ただひとつのかいじょうこくりつこうえんです。","words":[{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"面","gloss":"area","reading":"めん"},{"text":"せき","gloss":"area"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"瀬戸","gloss":"Seto Inland Sea","reading":"せと"},{"text":"内海","gloss":"Seto Inland Sea","reading":"ないかい"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"national","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"せかい","gloss":"world"},{"text":"中","gloss":"whole","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ただ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"海上","gloss":"marine","reading":"かいじょう"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"national","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.rd.008.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ほとんど","gloss":"almost (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"アメリカ","gloss":"America; U.S.A."},{"word":"けしき","gloss":"scenery"},{"word":"変","gloss":"odd; strange, queer"},{"word":"多く、","gloss":"many of them"},{"word":"三十","gloss":"30"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"一番","gloss":"number one (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"せき","gloss":"seat"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Questions about park management · Questions","teaching":[{"title":"Protection, facilities and size","paragraphs":["*日本の 国立公園ぎょうせいは どんな事を する事ですか* asks \"What does Japan's national park administration do?\"","An answer states that it protects natural beauty. Other answers name required restrictions, visitor facilities, the designation date, the number of parks or the largest park."]}],"lines":[{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L106.q.001","source":"日本の 国立公園は 米国のと 違いますか。","translation":"Are Japan's national parks different from those in the United States?","reading":"にほんのこくりつこうえんはべいこくのとちがいますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"national","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"parks","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"differ","reading":"ちがい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.q.001.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L106.q.002","source":"どんな ところが 違いますか。","translation":"In what ways are they different?","reading":"どんなところがちがいますか。","words":[{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"ways"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"differ","reading":"ちがい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.q.002.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L106.q.003","source":"日本の 国立公園ぎょうせいは どんな事を する事ですか。","translation":"What does Japan's national park administration do?","reading":"にほんのこくりつこうえんぎょうせいはどんなことをすることですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"national","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"ぎょう","gloss":"administration"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"administration"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.q.003.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L106.q.004","source":"そのために どんな事を しなければ なりませんか。","translation":"What must be done for that purpose?","reading":"そのためにどんなことをしなければなりませんか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"purpose"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"must"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.q.004.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L106.q.005","source":"何千人と言う 利用者の 便ぎを はかるために どんな こうせい 施設を 設けなければ なりませんか。","translation":"What public facilities must be provided for the convenience of the thousands of people who use the parks?","reading":"なんぜんにんというりようしゃのべんぎをはかるためにどんなこうせいしせつをもうけなければなりませんか。","words":[{"text":"何千","gloss":"thousands","reading":"なんぜん"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"にん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called"},{"text":"利用","gloss":"users"},{"text":"者","gloss":"users"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"便","gloss":"convenience","reading":"べん"},{"text":"ぎ","gloss":"convenience"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はかる","gloss":"ensure"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"purpose"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"こうせい","gloss":"public"},{"text":"施設","gloss":"facilities","reading":"しせつ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"設け","gloss":"provide","reading":"もうけ"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"must"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.q.005.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L106.q.006","source":"国立公園は 地いきが 広くなければ なりませんか。","translation":"Must a national park cover a large area?","reading":"こくりつこうえんはちいきがひろくなければなりませんか。","words":[{"text":"国立","gloss":"national","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"地いき","gloss":"area","reading":"ちいき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"広く","gloss":"large","reading":"ひろく"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"must"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.q.006.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L106.q.007","source":"地いきが 広いばかりでなく、けしきも どんなで なければ なりませんか。","translation":"Besides covering a large area, what must the scenery be like?","reading":"ちいきがひろいばかりでなく、けしきもどんなでなければなりませんか。","words":[{"text":"地いき","gloss":"area","reading":"ちいき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"広い","gloss":"large","reading":"ひろい"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not"},{"text":"けしき","gloss":"scenery"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"must"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.q.007.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L106.q.008","source":"日本で 最初の 国立公園は いつごろ していされましたか。","translation":"About when were Japan's first national parks designated?","reading":"にほんでさいしょのこくりつこうえんはいつごろしていされましたか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"最初","gloss":"first","reading":"さいしょ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"national","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"parks","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつごろ","gloss":"about when"},{"text":"し","gloss":"designated"},{"text":"て","gloss":"designated"},{"text":"い","gloss":"designated"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"designated"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"designated"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.q.008.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L106.q.009","source":"現在、国立公園が いくつ ありますか。","translation":"How many national parks are there now?","reading":"げんざい、こくりつこうえんがいくつありますか。","words":[{"text":"現在、","gloss":"now","reading":"げんざい"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"national","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"parks","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いく","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.q.009.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L106.q.010","source":"一番 めんせきの 大きいのは どの 国立公園ですか。","translation":"Which national park is the largest in area?","reading":"いちばんめんせきのおおきいのはどのこくりつこうえんですか。","words":[{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"めんせき","gloss":"area"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"which"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"national","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.q.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"ところ","gloss":"place (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"現在、","gloss":"present; at present"},{"word":"めんせき","gloss":"area, dimension"},{"word":"どの","gloss":"which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Cities, parks and ownership · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Places and ownership","paragraphs":["The entries cover recentness, places, ownership, regions and natural beauty.","*間がない* means \"no time.\" *都会* means \"city\" or \"metropolis.\" *自然美* means \"natural beauty.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.001","source":"間がない","translation":"no time (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"まがない","words":[{"text":"間がない","gloss":"no time","reading":"まがない"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.001.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.002","source":"都会","translation":"city; metropolis","reading":"とかい","words":[{"text":"都会","gloss":"city","reading":"とかい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.002.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.003","source":"ヨセミテ公園","translation":"Yosemite Park","reading":"ヨセミテこうえん","words":[{"text":"ヨセミテ公園","gloss":"Yosemite Park","reading":"ヨセミテこうえん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.003.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.004","source":"スケール","translation":"scale","reading":"スケール","words":[{"text":"スケール","gloss":"scale"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.004.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.005","source":"気がつく","translation":"notice; become aware","reading":"きがつく","words":[{"text":"気がつく","gloss":"notice","reading":"きがつく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.005.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.006","source":"自身の","translation":"one’s own","reading":"じしんの","words":[{"text":"自身の","gloss":"one’s own","reading":"じしんの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.006.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.007","source":"所有（する）","translation":"possession; ownership (possess; own (v.t.))","reading":"しょゆう（する）","words":[{"text":"所有（する）","gloss":"ownership; own","reading":"しょゆう（する）"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.007.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.008","source":"それがねえ","translation":"well but; yes but","reading":"それがねえ","words":[{"text":"それがねえ","gloss":"well, but"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.008.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.009","source":"例外","translation":"exception","reading":"れいがい","words":[{"text":"例外","gloss":"exception","reading":"れいがい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.009.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.010","source":"地いき","translation":"area; district; region","reading":"ちいき","words":[{"text":"地いき","gloss":"area","reading":"ちいき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.010.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.011","source":"自然美","translation":"natural beauty","reading":"しぜんび","words":[{"text":"自然美","gloss":"natural beauty","reading":"しぜんび"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.011.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"間がない","gloss":"no time (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ヨセミテ公園","gloss":"Yosemite Park"},{"word":"気がつく","gloss":"notice; become aware"},{"word":"自身の","gloss":"one’s own"},{"word":"所有（する）","gloss":"possession; ownership (possess; own (v.t.))"},{"word":"それがねえ","gloss":"well but; yes but"},{"word":"自然美","gloss":"natural beauty"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Protection, limits and prohibitions · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Protecting a park","paragraphs":["The entries cover administration, permanent protection, restrictions, prohibitions and industry.","*保護（する）* covers protection and protecting. *ぎょうせい* means \"administration\" or \"governing.\" *げんじゅうにしている* means \"strictly enforced.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.012","source":"保護（する）","translation":"protection (protect) (v.t.)","reading":"ほご（する）","words":[{"text":"保護（する）","gloss":"protection; protect","reading":"ほご（する）"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.012.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.013","source":"ぎょうせい","translation":"administration; governing","reading":"ぎょうせい","words":[{"text":"ぎょうせい","gloss":"administration"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.013.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.014","source":"えいきゅう的","translation":"permanent; everlasting","reading":"えいきゅうてき","words":[{"text":"えいきゅう的","gloss":"permanent","reading":"えいきゅうてき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.014.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.015","source":"はかる","translation":"seek; devise (v.t.)","reading":"はかる","words":[{"text":"はかる","gloss":"seek"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.015.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.016","source":"主目的","translation":"main purpose; major objective","reading":"しゅもくてき","words":[{"text":"主目的","gloss":"main purpose","reading":"しゅもくてき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.016.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.017","source":"各種の","translation":"various","reading":"かくしゅの","words":[{"text":"各種の","gloss":"various","reading":"かくしゅの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.017.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.018","source":"せいげん（する）","translation":"limitation (limit) (v.t.)","reading":"せいげん（する）","words":[{"text":"せいげん（する）","gloss":"limitation; limit"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.018.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.019","source":"きんし（する）","translation":"prohibition (prohibit) (v.t.)","reading":"きんし（する）","words":[{"text":"きんし（する）","gloss":"prohibition; prohibit"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.019.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.020","source":"げんじゅう","translation":"strictness","reading":"げんじゅう","words":[{"text":"げんじゅう","gloss":"strictness"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.020.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.021","source":"げんじゅうにしている","translation":"strictly enforced","reading":"げんじゅうにしている","words":[{"text":"げんじゅうにしている","gloss":"strictly enforced"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.021.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.022","source":"産業","translation":"industry","reading":"さんぎょう","words":[{"text":"産業","gloss":"industry","reading":"さんぎょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"保護（する）","gloss":"protection (protect) (v.t.)"},{"word":"ぎょうせい","gloss":"administration; governing"},{"word":"えいきゅう的","gloss":"permanent; everlasting"},{"word":"主目的","gloss":"main purpose; major objective"},{"word":"各種の","gloss":"various"},{"word":"せいげん（する）","gloss":"limitation (limit) (v.t.)"},{"word":"きんし（する）","gloss":"prohibition (prohibit) (v.t.)"},{"word":"げんじゅうにしている","gloss":"strictly enforced"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Facilities, users and convenience · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Facilities for park users","paragraphs":["The entries cover regulation and facilities established for park users.","*こうせい施設* means \"welfare facility\" or \"recreational facilities.\" *利用者* means \"user.\" *べんぎ* means \"convenience.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.023","source":"ちょうせつ（する）","translation":"control; regulate (control; regulate) (v.t.)","reading":"ちょうせつ（する）","words":[{"text":"ちょうせつ（する）","gloss":"control or regulate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.023.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.024","source":"種々の","translation":"various","reading":"しゅじゅの","words":[{"text":"種々の","gloss":"various","reading":"しゅじゅの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.024.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.025","source":"こうせい施設","translation":"welfare facility; (recreational facilities)","reading":"こうせいしせつ","words":[{"text":"こうせい施設","gloss":"welfare facility","reading":"こうせいしせつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.025.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.026","source":"利用者","translation":"user","reading":"りようしゃ","words":[{"text":"利用者","gloss":"user","reading":"りようしゃ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.026.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.027","source":"べんぎ","translation":"convenience","reading":"べんぎ","words":[{"text":"べんぎ","gloss":"convenience"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.027.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.028","source":"設ける","translation":"establish (v.t.)","reading":"もうける","words":[{"text":"設ける","gloss":"establish","reading":"もうける"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.028.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.029","source":"キャンプ場","translation":"camping ground","reading":"キャンプじょう","words":[{"text":"キャンプ場","gloss":"camping ground","reading":"キャンプじょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.029.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.030","source":"ホステル","translation":"hostel","reading":"ホステル","words":[{"text":"ホステル","gloss":"hostel"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.030.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.031","source":"設立（する）","translation":"establishment (establish) (v.t.)","reading":"せつりつ（する）","words":[{"text":"設立（する）","gloss":"establish","reading":"せつりつ（する）"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.031.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.032","source":"開設（する）","translation":"establishment (establish)(v.t.); opening; construction (open, construct)(v.t.)","reading":"かいせつ（する）","words":[{"text":"開設（する）","gloss":"open or establish","reading":"かいせつ（する）"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.032.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.033","source":"いじ（する）","translation":"maintenance (maintain) (v.t.)","reading":"いじ（する）","words":[{"text":"いじ（する）","gloss":"maintain"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.033.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ちょうせつ（する）","gloss":"control; regulate (control; regulate) (v.t.)"},{"word":"種々の","gloss":"various"},{"word":"こうせい施設","gloss":"welfare facility; (recreational facilities)"},{"word":"利用者","gloss":"user"},{"word":"べんぎ","gloss":"convenience"},{"word":"キャンプ場","gloss":"camping ground"},{"word":"設立（する）","gloss":"establishment (establish) (v.t.)"},{"word":"開設（する）","gloss":"establishment (establish)(v.t.); opening; construction (open, construct)(v.t.)"},{"word":"いじ（する）","gloss":"maintenance (maintain) (v.t.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Parks, holidays and designations · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Listing and designating parks","paragraphs":["The entries cover park lists, marine parks, winter vacations, a destination, variation and official designation.","*海上国立公園* means \"Over-the-sea National Park.\" *冬休* means \"winter vacation.\" *してい（する）* covers designation and appointment."]}],"lines":[{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.034","source":"現在","translation":"present; at present","reading":"げんざい","words":[{"text":"現在","gloss":"at present","reading":"げんざい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.034.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.035","source":"あげる","translation":"list; enumerate (v.t.)","reading":"あげる","words":[{"text":"あげる","gloss":"list"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.035.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.036","source":"海上","translation":"on the sea; over the sea","reading":"かいじょう","words":[{"text":"海上","gloss":"over the sea","reading":"かいじょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.036.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.037","source":"海上国立公園","translation":"Over-the-sea National Park","reading":"かいじょうこくりつこうえん","words":[{"text":"海上国立公園","gloss":"Over-the-sea National Park","reading":"かいじょうこくりつこうえん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.037.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.038","source":"冬休","translation":"winter vacation","reading":"ふゆやすみ","words":[{"text":"冬休","gloss":"winter vacation","reading":"ふゆやすみ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.038.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.039","source":"別府","translation":"P.N. (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"べっぷ","words":[{"text":"別府","gloss":"Beppu","reading":"べっぷ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.039.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.040","source":"変か","translation":"variation; change","reading":"へんか","words":[{"text":"変か","gloss":"change","reading":"へんか"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.040.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L106.w.041","source":"してい（する）","translation":"designation; appointment (to designate; to appoint)","reading":"してい（する）","words":[{"text":"してい（する）","gloss":"designate or appoint"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L106.w.041.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":4,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\n1 Topic titles:\n\na Talk about the national parks in Japan.\n\na(1) how many national parks in Japan ?\n\na(2) name some of them.\n\na(3) compare with the national parks in the U. S.\n\nb Talk about the national parks in the U. S.\n\nb(1) about how many national parks in the U. S.?\n\nb(2) name some of the famous ones.\n\n2 Visual cues:\n\na Look at the map on page 89 and talk about it.\n\nb Look at the pictures on page 90 to 93 and talk about them."},{"section":5,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.\n\n2 Study the Grammar Perception Drill.\n\n3 Study the Pattern Practice and do the exercise following each pattern.\n\n4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.\n\n5 Read the Explanatory Notes.\n\n6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"海上国立公園","gloss":"Over-the-sea National Park"},{"word":"冬休","gloss":"winter vacation"},{"word":"変か","gloss":"variation; change"},{"word":"してい（する）","gloss":"designation; appointment (to designate; to appoint)"}],"paradigms":[]}]}