{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L108","title":"Lesson 108","stage":"Reading Japan","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 108: planning the ancient capital · dialogue 1 of 5, old streets, deer stealing visitors’ lunches · dialogue 3 of 5, deer and an ancient temple · dialogue 4 of 5, fire prompting preservation laws · dialogue 5 of 5, changes prompted by events · perception drill, explaining motives for life changes · pattern 1 1 of 3, causes behind personal decisions · pattern 1 2 of 3, matching changes to causes · pattern 1 3 of 3, questions about city history · questions 1 of 2, questions about parks and temples · questions 2 of 2, cities, streets, fire.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/106","lines":111},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/105","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/107","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Planning the ancient capital · Dialogue 1 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"A capital built to a plan","paragraphs":["*あなた は 先ほど 奈良 は 日本で 最初の 永久的な 都として、造られたと おっしゃいましたね*, \"You have said that Nara was constructed as Japan's first permanent capital, haven't you?\"","The reply says that Nara copied China's Chang An Cheng. Nine avenues ran in each direction, and the palace stood at the northern edge."]},{"title":"The very first capital","paragraphs":["In *最初の 永久的な 都*, *最初* means \"the very first\".","The prefix *SAI* joins an I-adjective stem or a noun. It forms a noun meaning \"the most\" or \"the -est\"."]},{"title":"Kanji: 永, 久, 造","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.001","source":"あなた は 先ほど 奈良 は 日本で 最初の 永久的な 都として、造られたと おっしゃいましたね。","translation":"You have said a while ago that Nara had been constructed as the first permanent capital in Japan, haven’t you?","reading":"あなたはさきほどならはにほんでさいしょのえいきゅうてきなみやことして、つくられたとおっしゃいましたね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"先ほど","gloss":"a while ago","reading":"さきほど"},{"text":"奈良","gloss":"Nara","reading":"なら"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"最初","gloss":"first","reading":"さいしょ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"永久","gloss":"permanent","reading":"えいきゅう"},{"text":"的","gloss":"permanent","reading":"てき"},{"text":"な","gloss":"permanent"},{"text":"都","gloss":"capital"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"as"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"as"},{"text":"造ら","gloss":"was constructed","reading":"つくら"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was constructed"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was constructed"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"おっしゃい","gloss":"have said"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"have said"},{"text":"た","gloss":"have said"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.002","source":"はい、これは 中国の 長安城を まねて 計画されたのです。","translation":"Yes. This was planned by copying the “CHOOANJOO” of China.","reading":"はい、これはちゅうごくのちょうあんじょうをまねてけいかくされたのです。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"中国","gloss":"China","reading":"ちゅうごく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"長安","gloss":"Chang’an city","reading":"ちょうあん"},{"text":"城","gloss":"Chang’an city","reading":"じょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"まね","gloss":"copied"},{"text":"て","gloss":"copied"},{"text":"計画","gloss":"was planned","reading":"けいかく"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"was planned"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was planned"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was planned"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.003","source":"計画都市ですね。","translation":"It is a planned city, isn’t it?","reading":"けいかくとしですね。","words":[{"text":"計画","gloss":"planned city","reading":"けいかく"},{"text":"都市","gloss":"planned city","reading":"とし"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.004","source":"そうです。市の 大きさは 南北 四・七キロ、東西 四・二キロで、それを たて横 各九本の 大通りが ごばんの目の 様に 走っていました。","translation":"Yes, it is. The size of the city if 4.7 kilometers from north to south and 4.2 kilometers from east to west. On it nine streets each both horizontally and vertically, run like crosses on the GO board.","reading":"そうです。しのおおきさはなんぼくよん・ななキロ、とうざいよん・にキロで、それをたてよこかくきゅうほんのおおどおりがごばんのめのようにはしっていました。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that's right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"市","gloss":"city","reading":"し"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"大き","gloss":"size","reading":"おおき"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"size"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"南北","gloss":"north to south","reading":"なんぼく"},{"text":"四・","gloss":"four point","reading":"よん"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven","reading":"なな"},{"text":"キロ、","gloss":"kilometers"},{"text":"東西","gloss":"east to west","reading":"とうざい"},{"text":"四・","gloss":"four point","reading":"よん"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"キロ","gloss":"kilometers"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"it"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たて横","gloss":"vertically and horizontally","reading":"たてよこ"},{"text":"各","gloss":"each","reading":"かく"},{"text":"九","gloss":"nine","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"本","gloss":"counter","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"大通り","gloss":"main streets","reading":"おおどおり"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ごばん","gloss":"Go board"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"目","gloss":"grid","reading":"め"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"様","gloss":"way","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"like"},{"text":"走っ","gloss":"ran","reading":"はしっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"ran"},{"text":"い","gloss":"ran"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"ran"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"ran"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.005","source":"宮城は まん中に あったのですか。","translation":"Was the Imperial Palace in the center?","reading":"きゅうじょうはまんなかにあったのですか。","words":[{"text":"宮城","gloss":"Imperial Palace"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まん中","gloss":"center"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"was located"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was located"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.006","source":"いいえ、一番 北の はしに ありました。","translation":"No, it was on the extreme northern tip.","reading":"いいえ、いちばんきたのはしにありました。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"extreme","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"北","gloss":"north","reading":"きた"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"はし","gloss":"edge"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"was located"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was located"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was located"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"--- GA DOOKI TO NATTE\nFollowing nouns, pronouns, and verbs (both past and non-past) plus KOTO, GA DOOKI TO NATTE expresses the meaning of “motivated by ---” or “prompted by ---.”\n\nKARE WA NIHON E RYOKOO SHITA NO GA DOOKI TO NATTE, NIHON GA TAIHEN SUKI NI NARIMASHITA. “Prompted by his travel to Japan, he became very fond of Japan.”\n\nHAIEN NI KAKATTA NO GA DOOKI TO NATTE, TABAKO O YAMEMASHITA. “I got pneumonia and prompted by it I quit smoking.”\n\nKARE WA ICHIDO EIGA NI DETA NO GA DOOKI TO NATTE; HAIYUU NI NARIMASHITA. “Motivated by his appearance once in a movie, he became an actor.”\n\nDAITOORYOO NO ANSATSU GA DOOKI TO NATTE SENSOO GA OKOTTA. “Prompted by the assassination of the President, war broke out.”"},{"section":2,"text":"SAI (prefix)\nThe prefix SAI is used with the stem of i-adjectives or nouns and forms new nouns meaning “the most ---”, “ultra ---”, or “ ---est.”\n\nSAIDAI “largest”\n\nSAISHOO “smallest”\n\nSAISHIN “newest; latest”\n\nSAIKO “oldest”\n\nSAIKIN “latest”\n\nSAIKYOO “strongest”\n\nSAISHO “very first”\n\nSAIGO “very last”"},{"section":3,"text":"NARA KOOEN\nNara Park, popularly called “Deer Park” by foreigners on account of its numerous deer, is the largest of its kind in Japan, covering an area of about 1,250 acres. It is finely wooded with various species of trees including huge Japanese cedars, oaks, and wistarias under which tame deer roam about by twos and threes, presenting a picturesque sight. The front entrance to the park, marked by a large TORII gate painted in cinnabar, is reached by passing through busy Sanjoo Street which runs from the railway station. On the right-hand side, just before reaching the gate, the visitor will see the famous Sarusawa Pond."},{"section":4,"text":"KASUGA SHRINE\nKasuga Shrine is a very distinguished shrine which is situated in the midst of verdant woods. Few shrines are found in a location which imparts a greater atmosphere of peace and sanctity. What is known as the Kasuga Shrine actually consists of four small shrines\n\npainted in vermilion and built in the Kasuga style of architecture. These four shrines are respectively dedicated to Takemikazuchi-no-Mikoto and Futsunushi-no-Mikoto, two brave generals in the age of the Gods, to Amenokoyane-no-Mikoto, the remotest ancestor of the Fujiwara family and his consort, Hime-Okami. Kasuga Shrine was founded in 768 by Fujiwara-no-Nagate as the tutelary shrine of the Fujiwara family, and it used to be regularly reconstructed every twenty years."},{"section":5,"text":"HOORYUUJI Temple\nHooryuuji, the oldest existing temple in Japan and perhaps the most antique wooden structure in the world, was founded in 607 by Prince Shootoku. The Hooryuuji Temple, one of the Seven Great Temples of Nara, is regarded as the fountainhead of Japanese art and culture."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"先ほど","gloss":"a while ago"},{"word":"奈良","gloss":"P.N."},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"都","gloss":"capital"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"中国","gloss":"China"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"都市","gloss":"city"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"南北","gloss":"north and south"},{"word":"四・","gloss":"four"},{"word":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"word":"キロ、","gloss":"kilometer"},{"word":"東西","gloss":"east and west"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"九","gloss":"nine"},{"word":"本","gloss":"numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ごばん","gloss":"GO playing board"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"い","gloss":"stomach"},{"word":"宮城","gloss":"Imperial Palace in Tokyo"},{"word":"まん中","gloss":"center, middle"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"一番","gloss":"number one (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"北","gloss":"north"},{"word":"はし","gloss":"chopsticks"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Old streets, parks and shrines · Dialogue 2 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"Nara Park","paragraphs":["*奈良公園は 日本 最大の 公園です*, \"Nara Park is the largest park in Japan.\" The *最大* uses the *SAI* prefix.","Foreign visitors call it Deer Park because many tame deer live there. The wooded park covers about 1,250 acres."]},{"title":"Kasuga Shrine","paragraphs":["*春日神社へは ぜひ 行って 御覧なさいよ*, \"Be sure to go to see Kasuga Shrine.\" It stands in green woods.","Four small vermilion shrines form Kasuga Shrine. They honor two generals, a Fujiwara ancestor, and his consort.","Fujiwara-no-Nagate founded it in 768 as the Fujiwara family shrine. It used to be rebuilt every twenty years."]},{"title":"Kanji: 残","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 当","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.007","source":"今も その 都が 奈良市として 残っているのですか。","translation":"Is that capital still remaining as the city of Nara even now?","reading":"いまもそのみやこがならしとしてのこっているのですか。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"も","gloss":"still"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"都","gloss":"capital"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"奈良","gloss":"Nara City","reading":"なら"},{"text":"市","gloss":"Nara City","reading":"し"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"as"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"残っ","gloss":"remains","reading":"のこっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"remains"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"remains"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.008","source":"いいえ、現在の 市のある所は、昔 一ぱんの人が 住んでいた所で、当時、外京と言っていました。","translation":"No, the place where the present city is located was the place where the common run of people lived in the past and it was called the outer capital at that time.","reading":"いいえ、げんざいのしのあるところは、むかしいっぱんのひとがすんでいたところで、とうじ、げきょうといっていました。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"現在","gloss":"present","reading":"げんざい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"市","gloss":"city","reading":"し"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"is located"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"昔","gloss":"in the past","reading":"むかし"},{"text":"一","gloss":"ordinary","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"ぱん","gloss":"ordinary"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"住ん","gloss":"lived","reading":"すん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"lived"},{"text":"い","gloss":"lived"},{"text":"た","gloss":"lived"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"当時、","gloss":"at that time","reading":"とうじ"},{"text":"外京","gloss":"outer capital","reading":"げきょう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"was called","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was called"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was called"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was called"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was called"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.009","source":"それでは 昔の 通りは ないのですね。","translation":"Then, there are no streets of the olden days, are there?","reading":"それではむかしのとおりはないのですね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"then"},{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は","gloss":"then"},{"text":"昔","gloss":"olden days","reading":"むかし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"streets","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"none"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.010","source":"ほとんど ありません。でも、市の 中心は やはり 通りが 昔の おもかげを 残して、せいぜんと ならんでいる ところが あります。一じょう通り、三じょう通りは 昔の 通りだそうです。","translation":"There are practically none--yet, in the center of the city, the streets still have the traces of the olden days and there are places where the streets are formed in line in an orderly way. The ICHIJOO street and the SANJOO street are the original streets of the olden days, I understand.","reading":"ほとんどありません。でも、しのちゅうしんはやはりとおりがむかしのおもかげをのこして、せいぜんとならんでいるところがあります。いちじょうどおり、さんじょうどおりはむかしのとおりだそうです。","words":[{"text":"ほとんど","gloss":"practically"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are none"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"there are none"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"there are none"},{"text":"で","gloss":"however"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"市","gloss":"city","reading":"し"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中心","gloss":"center","reading":"ちゅうしん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やはり","gloss":"still"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"streets","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"昔","gloss":"olden days","reading":"むかし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"おもかげ","gloss":"traces"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"残し","gloss":"retain","reading":"のこし"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"retain"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"orderly"},{"text":"ぜん","gloss":"orderly"},{"text":"と","gloss":"orderly"},{"text":"ならん","gloss":"are lined up"},{"text":"で","gloss":"are lined up"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are lined up"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"places"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"一","gloss":"First Avenue","reading":"いち"},{"text":"じょう","gloss":"First Avenue"},{"text":"通り、","gloss":"First Avenue","reading":"どおり"},{"text":"三","gloss":"Third Avenue","reading":"さん"},{"text":"じょう","gloss":"Third Avenue"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"Third Avenue","reading":"どおり"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"昔","gloss":"olden days","reading":"むかし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"streets","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"are"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.011","source":"奈良には 大仏でんの 外に どんな所が ありますか。","translation":"Besides Daibutsuden, what kind of places are there in Nara?","reading":"ならにはだいぶつでんのほかにどんなところがありますか。","words":[{"text":"奈良","gloss":"Nara","reading":"なら"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大仏","gloss":"Great Buddha Hall","reading":"だいぶつ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"Great Buddha Hall"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"Great Buddha Hall"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"外","gloss":"besides","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"besides"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.012","source":"公園が あります。奈良公園は 日本 最大の 公園です。若草山も いいですが、春日神社へは ぜひ 行って 御覧なさいよ。","translation":"There are parks. Nara Park is the largest park in Japan. WAKAKUSA Mountain is also good, but be sure to go to see Kasuga Shrine.","reading":"こうえんがあります。ならこうえんはにほんさいだいのこうえんです。わかくさやまもいいですが、かすがじんじゃへはぜひいってごらんなさいよ。","words":[{"text":"公園","gloss":"parks","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"奈良","gloss":"Nara Park","reading":"なら"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"Nara Park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"最大","gloss":"largest","reading":"さいだい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"若草","gloss":"Mount Wakakusa","reading":"わかくさ"},{"text":"山","gloss":"Mount Wakakusa","reading":"やま"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"春日","gloss":"Kasuga Shrine","reading":"かすが"},{"text":"神社","gloss":"Kasuga Shrine","reading":"じんじゃ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ぜひ","gloss":"by all means"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go"},{"text":"御覧","gloss":"please see","reading":"ごらん"},{"text":"なさい","gloss":"please see"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"も","gloss":"as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"現在","gloss":"present; at present"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"},{"word":"は、","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"当時、","gloss":"at that time; then"},{"word":"外京","gloss":"outer capital"},{"word":"通り","gloss":"street"},{"word":"ほとんど","gloss":"almost (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"やはり","gloss":"as it should be expected"},{"word":"おもかげ","gloss":"feature; form; vestige; look; traces"},{"word":"ところ","gloss":"place (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"大仏","gloss":"Great Buddha"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"最大","gloss":"the largest (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"山","gloss":"mountain"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ぜひ","gloss":"by all means"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Deer stealing visitors’ lunches · Dialogue 3 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"Lunch among the deer","paragraphs":["*奈良公園と 近くの 山に 住んでいる しかは 人に よく 慣れています*, \"The deer in Nara Park and the nearby mountain are well tamed.\"","The deer may approach visitors while they eat and take their lunches.","One speaker recalls losing a lunch while viewing the distant scenery from the top of Wakakusa Mountain."]},{"title":"Kanji: 景, 色","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.013","source":"ええ、行って見ます。しかが 多いそうですね。","translation":"Yes, I’ll go there and see. I understand there are a lot of deer, is that right?","reading":"ええ、いってみます。しかがおおいそうですね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go"},{"text":"見","gloss":"will see","reading":"み"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"will see"},{"text":"し","gloss":"deer"},{"text":"か","gloss":"deer"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.014","source":"ええ、奈良公園と 近くの 山に 住んでいる しかは 人に よく 慣れています。","translation":"Yes. The deer that live in the Nara park and in the nearby mountain are well tamed.","reading":"ええ、ならこうえんとちかくのやまにすんでいるしかはひとによくなれています。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"奈良","gloss":"Nara Park","reading":"なら"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"Nara Park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"近く","gloss":"nearby","reading":"ちかく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountains","reading":"やま"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"住ん","gloss":"live","reading":"すん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"live"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"live"},{"text":"し","gloss":"deer"},{"text":"か","gloss":"deer"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"慣れ","gloss":"are tame","reading":"なれ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are tame"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are tame"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"are tame"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.015","source":"ある人の 話では、しかが 多くて 困るそうですね。","translation":"According to some people, there are so many deer that you are annoyed, is that right?","reading":"あるひとのはなしでは、しかがおおくてこまるそうですね。","words":[{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"話","gloss":"account","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"で","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"しか","gloss":"deer"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"so many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"て","gloss":"so many"},{"text":"困る","gloss":"are troubled","reading":"こまる"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.016","source":"そうですね、困ると 言っても、食べている おべんとうを ぬすまれる 程度の ものです。","translation":"Well, even though you say annoyed, it is about to the extent of stealing a lunch that you are eating.","reading":"そうですね、こまるといっても、たべているおべんとうをぬすまれるていどのものです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね、","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"困る","gloss":"be troubled","reading":"こまる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"even if you say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"even if you say"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"even though"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"are eating","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are eating"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are eating"},{"text":"お","gloss":"lunch"},{"text":"べんとう","gloss":"lunch"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ぬすま","gloss":"be stolen"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"be stolen"},{"text":"程度","gloss":"extent","reading":"ていど"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.017","source":"しかし、何びきも やって来ると 困りますね。","translation":"But if many of them come, then you will be in trouble, isn’t that right?","reading":"しかし、なんびきもやってくるとこまりますね。","words":[{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"びき","gloss":"animals"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"come"},{"text":"て","gloss":"come"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"come","reading":"くる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"困り","gloss":"be troubled","reading":"こまり"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.018","source":"そうなんです。私は 若草山の ちょう上から、遠くの 景色を ながめながら おべんとうを 食べている時に おべんとうを 取られた事が あります。","translation":"That’s right. Once I had my lunch stolen when I was eating it while viewing the far-away scene from the top of WAKAKUSA Mountain.","reading":"そうなんです。わたくしはわかくさやまのちょうじょうから、とおくのけしきをながめながらおべんとうをたべているときにおべんとうをとられたことがあります。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"な","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"若草","gloss":"Mount Wakakusa","reading":"わかくさ"},{"text":"山","gloss":"Mount Wakakusa","reading":"やま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ちょう上","gloss":"summit","reading":"ちょうじょう"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"from"},{"text":"遠く","gloss":"distant","reading":"とおく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"景色","gloss":"scenery","reading":"けしき"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ながめ","gloss":"view"},{"text":"ながら","gloss":"while"},{"text":"お","gloss":"lunch"},{"text":"べんとう","gloss":"lunch"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"am eating","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am eating"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"am eating"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"お","gloss":"lunch"},{"text":"べんとう","gloss":"lunch"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"取ら","gloss":"was taken","reading":"とら"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was taken"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"事","gloss":"experience","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"近く","gloss":"vicinity"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"話","gloss":"story, talk"},{"word":"しか","gloss":"deer"},{"word":"多く","gloss":"many of them"},{"word":"も、","gloss":"as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"べんとう","gloss":"box lunch"},{"word":"れる","gloss":"to be able to --\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"程度","gloss":"degree, standard"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"},{"word":"しかし、","gloss":"however, but"},{"word":"ちょう上","gloss":"summit"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"遠く","gloss":"distant (place)"},{"word":"ながめ","gloss":"view (n)"},{"word":"ながら","gloss":"while (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Deer and an ancient temple · Dialogue 4 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"An ancient wooden temple","paragraphs":["*それは 奈良の 南方 約七マイルの いかるが と言う所に あります*, \"It is in Ikaruga, about seven miles south of Nara.\"","Horyuji is Japan's oldest existing temple and perhaps the world's oldest wooden structure. Prince Shootoku founded it in 607.","It is one of Nara's Seven Great Temples and is regarded as the source of Japanese art and culture."]},{"title":"Kanji: 観","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 隆","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.019","source":"しかし、この しかは かわいいそうですね。","translation":"But as I understand it, these deer are very cute.","reading":"しかし、このしかはかわいいそうですね。","words":[{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"この","gloss":"these"},{"text":"しか","gloss":"deer"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かわいい","gloss":"cute"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.020","source":"かわいいですよ。観光客から 食べ物を もらうと、おじぎを するんですよ。","translation":"Yes, they are cute. When they get food from the tourists, they bow.","reading":"かわいいですよ。かんこうきゃくからたべものをもらうと、おじぎをするんですよ。","words":[{"text":"かわいい","gloss":"cute"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"観光","gloss":"tourists","reading":"かんこう"},{"text":"客","gloss":"tourists","reading":"きゃく"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"食べ物","gloss":"food"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もらう","gloss":"receive"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"お","gloss":"bow"},{"text":"じぎ","gloss":"bow"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"bow"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.021","source":"時に 法隆寺は どこにあるのですか。","translation":"By the way, where is the Hooryuuji Temple?","reading":"ときにほうりゅうじはどこにあるのですか。","words":[{"text":"時","gloss":"by the way","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by the way"},{"text":"法隆","gloss":"Horyuji Temple","reading":"ほうりゅう"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Horyuji Temple","reading":"じ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"is located"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.021.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.022","source":"それは 奈良の 南方 約七マイルの いかるが と言う所に あります。","translation":"It is located in a place called Ikaruga about 7 miles south of Nara.","reading":"それはならのなんぽうやくななマイルのいかるがというところにあります。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"it"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"奈良","gloss":"Nara","reading":"なら"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"南方","gloss":"south","reading":"なんぽう"},{"text":"約","gloss":"about","reading":"やく"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven","reading":"なな"},{"text":"マイル","gloss":"miles"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"いかる","gloss":"Ikaruga"},{"text":"が","gloss":"Ikaruga"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is located"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.022.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.023","source":"法隆寺は ずい分 古い お寺だと 聞きましたが。","translation":"I heard that the Hooryuuji Temple is a very old temple, but is that true?","reading":"ほうりゅうじはずいぶんふるいおてらだとききましたが。","words":[{"text":"法隆","gloss":"Horyuji Temple","reading":"ほうりゅう"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Horyuji Temple","reading":"じ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"very","reading":"ずいぶん"},{"text":"古い","gloss":"old","reading":"ふるい"},{"text":"お","gloss":"temple"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"temple","reading":"てら"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"聞き","gloss":"heard","reading":"きき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"が。","gloss":"but is that true"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.023.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.024","source":"ええ、世界 最古の 木造けんちく物 と言われています。","translation":"Yes, it is said to be the oldest wooden structure in the world.","reading":"ええ、せかいさいこのもくぞうけんちくぶつといわれています。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"世界","gloss":"world","reading":"せかい"},{"text":"最古","gloss":"oldest","reading":"さいこ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"木造","gloss":"wooden structure","reading":"もくぞう"},{"text":"けんちく","gloss":"wooden structure"},{"text":"物","gloss":"wooden structure","reading":"ぶつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言わ","gloss":"is said","reading":"いわ"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is said"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is said"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is said"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is said"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"かわいい","gloss":"dear, lovely, charming"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"食べ物","gloss":"food"},{"word":"もらう","gloss":"to receive (tangible things)"},{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"寺","gloss":"Buddhist temple"},{"word":"南方","gloss":"in the southern direction; south"},{"word":"マイル","gloss":"mile"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"ずい分","gloss":"very much"},{"word":"古い","gloss":"old, antique"},{"word":"最古","gloss":"the oldest"},{"word":"けんちく","gloss":"architecture; construction"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Fire prompting preservation laws · Dialogue 5 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"Fire after the war","paragraphs":["Horyuji was first built in 607, burned in 670, and was rebuilt in 708. That rebuilt structure still stands.","*終戦後、火事で 金堂内の へき画の 一部が しょうしつしました*, \"After the war, part of the murals in the main hall burned in a fire.\""]},{"title":"The event that prompted a law","paragraphs":["*それが 動機となって 古い物を 保護する 新しい 法律が 出来たのです*, \"Prompted by that, a new law was made to protect old objects.\"","*が 動機となって* marks the fire as the event that prompted the law."]},{"title":"Kanji: 律","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.025","source":"いつごろ たてられた 物ですか。","translation":"About when was it built?","reading":"いつごろたてられたものですか。","words":[{"text":"いつごろ","gloss":"about when"},{"text":"たて","gloss":"was built"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"was built"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"物","gloss":"thing","reading":"もの"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.025.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.026","source":"最初に たてたのが 六百七年で、その後 六百七十年に 一度 しょうしつしました。そして、さいけんされたのが 七百八年です。","translation":"It was first built in the year 607 and after that it was burned down once in 670 A.D. It was 708 A.D. when it was rebuilt.","reading":"さいしょにたてたのがろっぴゃくななねんで、そのごろっぴゃくななじゅうねんにいちどしょうしつしました。そして、さいけんされたのがななひゃくはちねんです。","words":[{"text":"最初","gloss":"first","reading":"さいしょ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"たて","gloss":"built"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"六百","gloss":"six hundred","reading":"ろっぴゃく"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven","reading":"なな"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"後","gloss":"after"},{"text":"六百","gloss":"six hundred"},{"text":"七十","gloss":"seventy"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"度","gloss":"time","reading":"ど"},{"text":"しょうし","gloss":"burned down"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"burned down"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"},{"text":"そして、","gloss":"and then"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"was rebuilt"},{"text":"いけん","gloss":"was rebuilt"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"was rebuilt"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was rebuilt"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"七百","gloss":"seven hundred","reading":"ななひゃく"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eight","reading":"はち"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.026.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.027","source":"それが 今に たっているのですか。","translation":"And is that still standing even now?","reading":"それがいまにたっているのですか。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"今","gloss":"even now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"に","gloss":"even now"},{"text":"たっ","gloss":"is standing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is standing"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is standing"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.027.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.028","source":"そうです。終戦後、火事で 金堂内の へき画の 一部が しょうしつしました。残ねんな事をしたものです。","translation":"That’s right. After the second World War part of the murals in the main hall of the temple burned down. It was really regrettable.","reading":"そうです。しゅうせんご、かじでこんどうないのへきがのいちぶがしょうしつしました。ざんねんなことをしたものです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"終戦","gloss":"war ended"},{"text":"後、","gloss":"after"},{"text":"火事","gloss":"fire"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"金堂","gloss":"Golden Hall","reading":"こんどう"},{"text":"内","gloss":"inside","reading":"ない"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"mural"},{"text":"き","gloss":"mural"},{"text":"画","gloss":"mural","reading":"が"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"一部","gloss":"part","reading":"いちぶ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"しょうし","gloss":"burned down"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"burned down"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"},{"text":"残ねん","gloss":"regrettable","reading":"ざんねん"},{"text":"な","gloss":"regrettable"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.028.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.029","source":"戦さいを こうむらなかったものが、戦後 やけたのですか。","translation":"Things that did not suffer war damage burned after the war, is that right?","reading":"せんさいをこうむらなかったものが、せんごやけたのですか。","words":[{"text":"戦さ","gloss":"war damage","reading":"せんさ"},{"text":"い","gloss":"war damage"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"こうむら","gloss":"suffer"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"things"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"戦後","gloss":"after the war","reading":"せんご"},{"text":"やけ","gloss":"burned"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.029.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L108.dlg.030","source":"そうです。それで、それが 動機となって 古い物を 保護する 新しい 法律が 出来たのです。","translation":"That’s right. And prompted by this, a new law was made in order to protect antique objects.","reading":"そうです。それで、それがどうきとなってふるいものをほごするあたらしいほうりつができたのです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"動機","gloss":"impetus","reading":"どうき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て","gloss":"became"},{"text":"古い","gloss":"old","reading":"ふるい"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"保護","gloss":"protect","reading":"ほご"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"法律","gloss":"law","reading":"ほうりつ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"was made","reading":"でき"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.dlg.030.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"たて","gloss":"vertical"},{"word":"六百","gloss":"600"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"七十","gloss":"70"},{"word":"七百","gloss":"700"},{"word":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"word":"火事","gloss":"conflagration; fire"},{"word":"金堂","gloss":"the main hall of a Buddhist temple"},{"word":"き","gloss":"counter for airplanes (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"一部","gloss":"a copy"},{"word":"残ねん","gloss":"regret; mortification"},{"word":"戦後","gloss":"after a war"},{"word":"法律","gloss":"law"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Changes prompted by events · Perception drill","teaching":[{"title":"An illness prompts a change","paragraphs":["*重い 病気 に なったのが 動機となって たばこ を やめたらしいです*, \"It seems serious illness prompted him to quit smoking.\"","The illness comes before *が 動機となって*. The action it prompted comes after it."]},{"title":"The motive comes first","paragraphs":["*それが 動機となって 新しい 法律 が 出来ました*, \"Prompted by it, a new law was made.\"","*が 動機となって* means \"prompted by\" or \"motivated by\". It follows the event or circumstance that produces a change.","It can follow a noun or pronoun. A verb can be past or non-past, with *KOTO* or *NO* after it."]}],"lines":[{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L108.gp1.01","source":"それが 動機となって 新しい 法律 が 出来ました。","translation":"Motivated by it, a new law was made.","reading":"それがどうきとなってあたらしいほうりつができました。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"動機","gloss":"impetus","reading":"どうき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て","gloss":"became"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"法律","gloss":"law","reading":"ほうりつ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"was made","reading":"でき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L108.gp1.02","source":"大木さん は どうして たばこ を やめた のでしょうか。","translation":"I wonder why Mr. Ooki quit smoking?","reading":"おおきさんはどうしてたばこをやめたのでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"大木","gloss":"Mr. Ooki","reading":"おおき"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr. Ooki"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"why"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"why"},{"text":"たばこ","gloss":"smoking"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やめ","gloss":"quit"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"I wonder"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L108.gp1.03","source":"重い 病気 に なったのが 動機となって たばこ を やめたらしいです。","translation":"It seems he became seriously ill and prompted by that he quit smoking.","reading":"おもいびょうきになったのがどうきとなってたばこをやめたらしいです。","words":[{"text":"重い","gloss":"serious","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"動機","gloss":"impetus","reading":"どうき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て","gloss":"became"},{"text":"たばこ","gloss":"smoking"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やめ","gloss":"quit"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L108.gp1.04","source":"君の 奥さん は 前には 酒 を 飲まなかったんだろう。","translation":"Your wife didn’t drink before, did she?","reading":"きみのおくさんはまえにはさけをのまなかったんだろう。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"前","gloss":"before","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"酒","gloss":"alcohol","reading":"さけ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"飲ま","gloss":"drink","reading":"のま"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L108.gp1.05","source":"うん、それがね。この間の カクテール パーティで ハイボールを 初めて 飲んだのが 動機となって、このごろは 飲む様に なったんだよ。","translation":"No, but you see, she drank highballs at a cocktail party for the first time the other day, and prompted by it she turned to drinking these days.","reading":"うん、それがね。このあいだのカクテールパーティでハイボールをはじめてのんだのがどうきとなって、このごろはのむようになったんだよ。","words":[{"text":"うん、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"the thing is"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you see"},{"text":"この","gloss":"the other day"},{"text":"間","gloss":"the other day"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"カク","gloss":"cocktail"},{"text":"テール","gloss":"cocktail"},{"text":"パーティ","gloss":"party"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"ハイ","gloss":"highball"},{"text":"ボール","gloss":"highball"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"初めて","gloss":"for first time","reading":"はじめて"},{"text":"飲ん","gloss":"drank","reading":"のん"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"動機","gloss":"impetus","reading":"どうき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"became"},{"text":"このごろ","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"飲む","gloss":"drink","reading":"のむ"},{"text":"様","gloss":"habit","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L108.gp1.06","source":"ジョンズさん は 最初 見た 日本映画 が とても 気に入った らしいね。","translation":"It seems that the first Japanese movie that Mr. Jones saw pleased him very much, doesn’t it?","reading":"ジョンズさんはさいしょみたにほんえいががとてもきにいったらしいね。","words":[{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Mr. Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr. Jones"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"最初","gloss":"first","reading":"さいしょ"},{"text":"見","gloss":"saw","reading":"み"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"気","gloss":"pleased","reading":"き"},{"text":"に","gloss":"pleased"},{"text":"入っ","gloss":"pleased","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L108.gp1.07","source":"ええ、それで、それが 動機となって、このごろは 毎週 必ず一度、日本映画を 見に 行くらしいです。","translation":"Yes, it does. And prompted by it, it seems he goes to see a Japanese movie once every week without fail these days.","reading":"ええ、それで、それがどうきとなって、このごろはまいしゅうかならずいちど、にほんえいがをみにいくらしいです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"動機","gloss":"impetus","reading":"どうき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"became"},{"text":"このごろ","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎週","gloss":"every week"},{"text":"必ず","gloss":"without fail"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one"},{"text":"度、","gloss":"time"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L108.gp1.08","source":"パーカー夫人 は 日本の 事を よく知って いらっしゃるね。","translation":"Mrs. Parker knows about Japan very well, doesn’t she?","reading":"パーカーふじんはにほんのことをよくしっていらっしゃるね。","words":[{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Mrs. Parker"},{"text":"夫人","gloss":"Mrs. Parker","reading":"ふじん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"about"},{"text":"事","gloss":"things","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"知っ","gloss":"knows","reading":"しっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"knows"},{"text":"いらっしゃる","gloss":"knows"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L108.gp1.09","source":"四五年前に 日本へ 遊びに 行ったのが 動機となって、日本について ひ常な きょうみを 持つように なられたのです。","translation":"She went to visit Japan four or five years ago and prompted by it she became to have very much of an interest concerning Japan.","reading":"しごねんまえににほんへあそびにいったのがどうきとなって、にほんについてひじょうなきょうみをもつようになられたのです。","words":[{"text":"四五","gloss":"four or five","reading":"しご"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"前","gloss":"ago","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"遊び","gloss":"visit","reading":"あそび"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"went","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"動機","gloss":"impetus","reading":"どうき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"became"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"about"},{"text":"つい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"て","gloss":"about"},{"text":"ひ","gloss":"very"},{"text":"常","gloss":"very","reading":"じょう"},{"text":"な","gloss":"very"},{"text":"きょうみ","gloss":"interest"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"持つ","gloss":"have","reading":"もつ"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"came to"},{"text":"に","gloss":"came to"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"became"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L108.gp1.10","source":"大田さん は 酒を やめられたのですか。","translation":"Did Mr. Oota quit drinking?","reading":"おおたさんはさけをやめられたのですか。","words":[{"text":"大田","gloss":"Mr. Oota","reading":"おおた"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr. Oota"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"酒","gloss":"alcohol","reading":"さけ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やめ","gloss":"quit"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"quit"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L108.gp1.11","source":"一度 飲みすぎて 病気に なったのが 動機となって やめられたそうです。","translation":"He overdrank once and became ill and prompted by it he quit drinking, as I understand it.","reading":"いちどのみすぎてびょうきになったのがどうきとなってやめられたそうです。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"度","gloss":"time","reading":"ど"},{"text":"飲み","gloss":"drank","reading":"のみ"},{"text":"すぎ","gloss":"too much"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"動機","gloss":"impetus","reading":"どうき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て","gloss":"became"},{"text":"やめ","gloss":"quit"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"quit"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.gp1.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"大木","gloss":"big tree"},{"word":"たばこ","gloss":"tobacco, cigarette"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"君","gloss":"suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)"},{"word":"前","gloss":"before, front"},{"word":"酒","gloss":"Sake, rice wine"},{"word":"うん、","gloss":"Yes, all right."},{"word":"間","gloss":"between"},{"word":"映画","gloss":"movie"},{"word":"とても","gloss":"very, indeed"},{"word":"いらっしゃる","gloss":"to come, go (honorific verb)"},{"word":"つい","gloss":"just; only"},{"word":"きょうみ","gloss":"interest"},{"word":"よう","gloss":"get intoxicated; get drunk; get seasick (v.i.)"},{"word":"なら","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"すぎ","gloss":"past, after"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Explaining motives for life changes · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"From motive to result","paragraphs":["*重い 病気をしたのが 動機となって たばこも 酒も やめました*, \"A serious illness prompted me to give up both smoking and drinking.\"","The event before *が 動機となって* names the motive. The action or change after it names the result.","*何が 動機となって たばこを やめたのですか*, \"What prompted you to give up smoking?\" asks for the motive."]}],"lines":[{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L108.pt1.m1","source":"重い 病気をしたのが 動機となって たばこも 酒も やめました。","translation":"A serious illness prompted me to give up both smoking and drinking.","reading":"おもいびょうきをしたのがどうきとなってたばこもさけもやめました。","words":[{"text":"重い","gloss":"serious","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"had"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"動機","gloss":"impetus","reading":"どうき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て","gloss":"became"},{"text":"たばこ","gloss":"smoking"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"酒","gloss":"alcohol","reading":"さけ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"やめ","gloss":"quit"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L108.pt1.01","source":"友だちに 日本の 切手を もらったのが 動機となって、このごろでは 日本の切手を あつめています。","translation":"Receiving some Japanese stamps from a friend prompted me to start collecting Japanese stamps, as I do now.","reading":"ともだちににほんのきってをもらったのがどうきとなって、このごろではにほんのきってをあつめています。","words":[{"text":"友だち","gloss":"friend","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"from"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"切手","gloss":"stamps","reading":"きって"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もらっ","gloss":"received"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"動機","gloss":"impetus","reading":"どうき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"became"},{"text":"このごろ","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"切手","gloss":"stamps","reading":"きって"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あつめ","gloss":"am collecting"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am collecting"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am collecting"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am collecting"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L108.pt1.02","source":"日本へ 遊びに 行ったのが 動機となって、このごろは 一生けんめいに 日本語を 勉強しています。","translation":"A pleasure trip to Japan prompted me to begin studying Japanese very hard, as I do now.","reading":"にほんへあそびにいったのがどうきとなって、このごろはいっしょうけんめいににほんごをべんきょうしています。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"遊び","gloss":"visit","reading":"あそび"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"went","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"動機","gloss":"impetus","reading":"どうき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"became"},{"text":"このごろ","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一生","gloss":"very hard","reading":"いっしょう"},{"text":"けんめい","gloss":"very hard"},{"text":"に","gloss":"very hard"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese language","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"am studying","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"am studying"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am studying"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am studying"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am studying"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L108.pt1.03","source":"あの二人は カクテールパーティで 会ったのが 動機となって いい友だちになり、とうとう けっこんして しまいました。","translation":"Meeting at a cocktail party brought those two together as good friends, and eventually they got married.","reading":"あのふたりはカクテールパーティであったのがどうきとなっていいともだちになり、とうとうけっこんしてしまいました。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"those"},{"text":"二人","gloss":"two people","reading":"ふたり"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"カクテールパーティ","gloss":"cocktail party"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"会っ","gloss":"met","reading":"あっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"動機","gloss":"impetus","reading":"どうき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て","gloss":"became"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"友だち","gloss":"friends","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり、","gloss":"became"},{"text":"とうとう","gloss":"finally"},{"text":"けっこん","gloss":"got married"},{"text":"し","gloss":"got married"},{"text":"て","gloss":"got married"},{"text":"しまい","gloss":"ended up"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L108.pt1.04","source":"それが 動機となって 戦争になりました。","translation":"That led to war.","reading":"それがどうきとなってせんそうになりました。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"動機","gloss":"impetus","reading":"どうき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て","gloss":"became"},{"text":"戦争","gloss":"war","reading":"せんそう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L108.pt1.05","source":"それが 動機となって 仕事を やめました。","translation":"That prompted me to quit my job.","reading":"それがどうきとなってしごとをやめました。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"動機","gloss":"impetus","reading":"どうき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て","gloss":"became"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"job","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やめ","gloss":"quit"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L108.pt1.06","source":"何が 動機となって たばこを やめたのですか。","translation":"What prompted you to give up smoking?","reading":"なにがどうきとなってたばこをやめたのですか。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"動機","gloss":"impetus","reading":"どうき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て","gloss":"became"},{"text":"たばこ","gloss":"smoking"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やめ","gloss":"quit"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.pt1.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"切手","gloss":"postage stamp"},{"word":"二人","gloss":"2 people"},{"word":"とうとう","gloss":"at last, finally"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Causes behind personal decisions · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A situation prompts a decision","paragraphs":["*兄が はいがんで 死んだのです。それで それが 動機となって 私も たばこを やめる事にしたのです*, \"My older brother died of lung cancer. That prompted me to decide to give up smoking too.\"","Here *それ* refers to the death. The result is a personal decision.","The same pattern links increasing traffic deaths to a new law and a school shortage to a new school."]}],"lines":[{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L108.pt1.07","source":"兄が はいがんで 死んだのです。それで それが 動機となって 私も たばこを やめる事にしたのです。","translation":"My older brother died of lung cancer. That prompted me to decide to give up smoking too.","reading":"あにがはいがんでしんだのです。それでそれがどうきとなってわたくしもたばこをやめることにしたのです。","words":[{"text":"兄","gloss":"older brother","reading":"あに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"はい","gloss":"lung cancer"},{"text":"がん","gloss":"lung cancer"},{"text":"で","gloss":"from"},{"text":"死ん","gloss":"died","reading":"しん"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"because"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"動機","gloss":"impetus","reading":"どうき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て","gloss":"became"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"たばこ","gloss":"smoking"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やめる","gloss":"quit"},{"text":"事","gloss":"decision","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"し","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L108.pt1.08","source":"何が 動機となって 日本語を 勉強する事にしたのかね。","translation":"What prompted you to decide to study Japanese?","reading":"なにがどうきとなってにほんごをべんきょうすることにしたのかね。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"動機","gloss":"impetus","reading":"どうき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て","gloss":"became"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese language","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"事","gloss":"decision","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"し","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L108.pt1.09","source":"仕事の関係で 二三年 日本に 行く事になったんだ。それで 日本語を 習う事にしたんだ。","translation":"Because of my work, it was decided that I would go to Japan for two or three years. So I decided to learn Japanese.","reading":"しごとのかんけいでにさんねんにほんにいくことになったんだ。それでにほんごをならうことにしたんだ。","words":[{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"関係","gloss":"circumstances","reading":"かんけい"},{"text":"で","gloss":"because of"},{"text":"二三","gloss":"two or three"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"事","gloss":"decision","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"because"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese language","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習う","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならう"},{"text":"事","gloss":"decision","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"し","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L108.pt1.10","source":"交通に関する 新しい 法律が 出来たそうですね。","translation":"I hear that a new law concerning traffic has been enacted.","reading":"こうつうにかんするあたらしいほうりつができたそうですね。","words":[{"text":"交通","gloss":"traffic","reading":"こうつう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"about"},{"text":"関する","gloss":"concerning","reading":"かんする"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"法律","gloss":"law","reading":"ほうりつ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"was enacted","reading":"でき"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L108.pt1.11","source":"ええ、交通じこで 死ぬ人が ふえる一方です。それで それが 動機となって 交通に関する 新しい 法律が 出来たのです。","translation":"Yes, the number of people killed in traffic accidents keeps increasing. That prompted the enactment of a new law concerning traffic.","reading":"ええ、こうつうじこでしぬひとがふえるいっぽうです。それでそれがどうきとなってこうつうにかんするあたらしいほうりつができたのです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"交通","gloss":"traffic","reading":"こうつう"},{"text":"じこ","gloss":"accidents"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"死ぬ","gloss":"die","reading":"しぬ"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ふえる","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"continuously","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"because"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"動機","gloss":"impetus","reading":"どうき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て","gloss":"became"},{"text":"交通","gloss":"traffic","reading":"こうつう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"about"},{"text":"関する","gloss":"concerning","reading":"かんする"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"法律","gloss":"law","reading":"ほうりつ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"was enacted","reading":"でき"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L108.pt1.12","source":"新しい 学校が 出来るそうですね。","translation":"I hear that a new school is going to be built.","reading":"あたらしいがっこうができるそうですね。","words":[{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"will be built","reading":"できる"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L108.pt1.13","source":"今 学校が 足りないので、生徒は 午前の組と 午後の組とに分けられているのです。それで それが 動機となって、新しい 学校が たつ様に なりました。","translation":"There are not enough schools now, so the students are divided into morning and afternoon groups. That situation led to a new school being built.","reading":"いまがっこうがたりないので、せいとはごぜんのくみとごごのくみとにわけられているのです。それでそれがどうきとなって、あたらしいがっこうがたつようになりました。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"schools","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"足り","gloss":"enough","reading":"たり"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"reason"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"so"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"午前","gloss":"morning","reading":"ごぜん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"組","gloss":"group","reading":"くみ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"午後","gloss":"afternoon","reading":"ごご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"組","gloss":"group","reading":"くみ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"分け","gloss":"are divided","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"are divided"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are divided"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are divided"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"because"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"動機","gloss":"impetus","reading":"どうき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"became"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"たつ","gloss":"be built"},{"text":"様","gloss":"came to","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"came to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.pt1.13.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"兄","gloss":"older brother"},{"word":"がん","gloss":"cancer (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"やめる","gloss":"to quit"},{"word":"関係","gloss":"relationship"},{"word":"交通","gloss":"traffic, transportation"},{"word":"じこ","gloss":"accident"},{"word":"ふえる","gloss":"to increase (v.i.)"},{"word":"出来る","gloss":"to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)"},{"word":"午前","gloss":"a.m., morning"},{"word":"組","gloss":"class"},{"word":"午後","gloss":"p.m., afternoon"},{"word":"たつ","gloss":"to pass (time), elapse"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Matching changes to causes · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Information as a motive","paragraphs":["*あれが 動機となって たばこを やめたのです*, \"That prompted her to give up smoking.\"","*あれ* points back to a newspaper article saying that smoking causes lung cancer.","The remaining lines give results that can be matched with their motivating events."]}],"lines":[{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L108.pt1.14","source":"あなたの 奥さんは いつから たばこを やめられたのですか。","translation":"When did your wife give up smoking?","reading":"あなたのおくさんはいつからたばこをやめられたのですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"たばこ","gloss":"smoking"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やめ","gloss":"quit"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"quit"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L108.pt1.15","source":"たばこが はいがんの原因だと言う記事が いつか 新聞に 出ましたね。あれが 動機となって たばこを やめたのです。","translation":"An article saying that smoking causes lung cancer appeared in the newspaper some time ago, didn't it? That prompted her to give up smoking.","reading":"たばこがはいがんのげんいんだというきじがいつかしんぶんにでましたね。あれがどうきとなってたばこをやめたのです。","words":[{"text":"たばこ","gloss":"smoking"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"はい","gloss":"lung cancer"},{"text":"がん","gloss":"lung cancer"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"原因","gloss":"cause","reading":"げんいん"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"saying","reading":"いう"},{"text":"記事","gloss":"article","reading":"きじ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"some time"},{"text":"か","gloss":"some time"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"出","gloss":"appeared","reading":"で"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"あれ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"動機","gloss":"impetus","reading":"どうき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て","gloss":"became"},{"text":"たばこ","gloss":"smoking"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やめ","gloss":"quit"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.pt1.15.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L108.pt1.16","source":"酒も たばこも やめました。","translation":"I gave up both drinking and smoking.","reading":"さけもたばこもやめました。","words":[{"text":"酒","gloss":"alcohol","reading":"さけ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"たばこ","gloss":"smoking"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"やめ","gloss":"quit"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L108.pt1.17","source":"さしみを 食べる様に なりました。","translation":"I came to eat sashimi.","reading":"さしみをたべるようになりました。","words":[{"text":"さしみ","gloss":"sashimi"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"様","gloss":"habit","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"came"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.pt1.17.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L108.pt1.18","source":"交通に関する 新しい法律が 出来ました。","translation":"A new law concerning traffic was enacted.","reading":"こうつうにかんするあたらしいほうりつができました。","words":[{"text":"交通","gloss":"traffic","reading":"こうつう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"about"},{"text":"関する","gloss":"concerning","reading":"かんする"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"法律","gloss":"law","reading":"ほうりつ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"was enacted","reading":"でき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L108.pt1.19","source":"日本語を 勉強する様に なった。","translation":"I came to study Japanese.","reading":"にほんごをべんきょうするようになった。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese language","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"様","gloss":"habit","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L108.pt1.20","source":"毎週 日本映画を 見に行く様になった。","translation":"I came to go see a Japanese movie every week.","reading":"まいしゅうにほんえいがをみにいくようになった。","words":[{"text":"毎週","gloss":"every week"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"様","gloss":"habit","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.pt1.20.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"いつ","gloss":"when?"},{"word":"原因","gloss":"cause"},{"word":"記事","gloss":"newspaper article; news; reading matter"},{"word":"さしみ","gloss":"thinly sliced raw fish dish"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Questions about city history · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Nara from capital to modern city","paragraphs":["The passage traces Nara from a planned capital to its modern streets, park, deer, Kasuga Shrine, and Horyuji Temple.","*奈良の 都は 何を まねて 計画されたものですか*, \"What was the capital of Nara modeled after when it was planned?\"","An answer names China's Chang An Cheng. Other answers give measurements, places, features, dates, or the event that prompted the preservation law."]}],"lines":[{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L108.q.001","source":"奈良は 日本 最初の 永久的な 都として 造られたもので、中国の 長安城を まねて 計画されたものです。市の大きさは 南北 四・七キロ、東西 四・二キロで、それを たて横各九本の 大通りが、ごばんの 目の 様に 走っていたのです。今日の 奈良市は 昔 外京と言っていた処で、ある通りは 昔のおもかげを 残して、せいぜんと ならんでいます。奈良には 大仏でんの 外に、有名なところが 二三あります。その一つは 日本最大の 公園と言われている 奈良公園です。奈良公園は しかで 有名です。ここの しかは","translation":"Nara was built as Japan's first permanent capital and was planned after the model of Chang'an, China. The city measured 4.7 kilometers from north to south and 4.2 kilometers from east to west, and nine broad streets ran in each direction like the lines of a Go board. The present-day city of Nara occupies what was once called the outer capital, and some of its streets remain neatly laid out, preserving the appearance of olden times. Besides the Great Buddha Hall, Nara has two or three famous places. One of them is Nara Park, which is said to be Japan's largest park. Nara Park is famous for its deer. The deer there","reading":"ならはにほんさいしょのえいきゅうてきなみやことしてつくられたもので、ちゅうごくのちょうあんじょうをまねてけいかくされたものです。しのおおきさはなんぼくよん・ななキロ、とうざいよん・にキロで、それをたてよこかくきゅうほんのおおどおりが、ごばんのめのようにはしっていたのです。こんにちのならしはむかしげきょうといっていたところで、あるとおりはむかしのおもかげをのこして、せいぜんとならんでいます。ならにはだいぶつでんのほかに、ゆうめいなところがにさんあります。そのひとつはにほんさいだいのこうえんといわれているならこうえんです。ならこうえんはしかでゆうめいです。ここのしかは","words":[{"text":"奈良","gloss":"Nara","reading":"なら"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"最初","gloss":"first","reading":"さいしょ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"永久","gloss":"permanent","reading":"えいきゅう"},{"text":"的","gloss":"permanent","reading":"てき"},{"text":"な","gloss":"permanent"},{"text":"都","gloss":"capital"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"造ら","gloss":"was built","reading":"つくら"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was 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eat food given to them by the many tourists. But if you are not careful, they may even take your own lunch. Kasuga Shrine in Nara Park is also famous. Another famous place is Horyuji Temple. Horyuji is in a place called Ikaruga, about seven miles south of Nara, and is said to be the oldest wooden structure in the world. It was built in A.D. 607, but because it burned down once, the present structure was rebuilt in 708. After the war, part of the murals inside the Golden Hall reportedly burned in a fire. That incident prompted the enactment of a new law to protect old things.","reading":"よくひとになれていて、たくさんのかんこうきゃくからたべものをもらってたべます。しかし、ようじんしないと、じぶんのおべんとうまでとられてしまうことがあります。ならこうえんにあるかすがじんじゃもゆうめいです。もうひとつのゆうめいなところはほうりゅうじです。ほうりゅうじはならのなんぽうやくななマイル、いかるがというところにあり、せかいさいこのもくぞうけんちくぶつといわれています。これはせいれきろっぴゃくしちねんにたてられたものですが、いちどしょうしつしたので、げんざいたっているのはななひゃくはちねんにさいけんされたものです。しゅうせんごかじでこんどうないのへきがのいちぶがしょうしつしたそうです。それがどうきとなってこんにちではふるいものをほごするあたらしいほうりつまでできています。","words":[{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"慣れ","gloss":"are accustomed","reading":"なれ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are accustomed"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are accustomed"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"are 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Temple","reading":"ほうりゅう"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Horyuji Temple","reading":"じ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"奈良","gloss":"Nara","reading":"なら"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"南方","gloss":"south","reading":"なんぽう"},{"text":"約","gloss":"about","reading":"やく"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven","reading":"なな"},{"text":"マイル、","gloss":"miles"},{"text":"いかる","gloss":"Ikaruga"},{"text":"が","gloss":"Ikaruga"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あり、","gloss":"is located"},{"text":"世界","gloss":"world","reading":"せかい"},{"text":"最古","gloss":"oldest","reading":"さいこ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"木造","gloss":"wooden structure","reading":"もくぞう"},{"text":"けんちく","gloss":"wooden structure"},{"text":"物","gloss":"wooden structure","reading":"ぶつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言わ","gloss":"is said","reading":"いわ"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is said"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is 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down"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"動機","gloss":"impetus","reading":"どうき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て","gloss":"became"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"こんにち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"古い","gloss":"old","reading":"ふるい"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"保護","gloss":"protect","reading":"ほご"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"法律","gloss":"law","reading":"ほうりつ"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"even"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"has been enacted","reading":"でき"},{"text":"て","gloss":"has been enacted"},{"text":"い","gloss":"has been enacted"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"has been enacted"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.q.002.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L108.q.003","source":"奈良は 日本で 最初の 永久的な 都として 造られたものですか。","translation":"Was Nara built as Japan's first permanent capital?","reading":"ならはにほんでさいしょのえいきゅうてきなみやことしてつくられたものですか。","words":[{"text":"奈良","gloss":"Nara","reading":"なら"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"最初","gloss":"first","reading":"さいしょ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"永久","gloss":"permanent","reading":"えいきゅう"},{"text":"的","gloss":"permanent","reading":"てき"},{"text":"な","gloss":"permanent"},{"text":"都","gloss":"capital"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"造ら","gloss":"was built","reading":"つくら"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was built"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.q.003.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L108.q.004","source":"奈良の 都は 何を まねて 計画されたものですか。","translation":"What was the capital of Nara modeled after when it was planned?","reading":"ならのみやこはなにをまねてけいかくされたものですか。","words":[{"text":"奈良","gloss":"Nara","reading":"なら"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"都","gloss":"capital"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"まね","gloss":"modeled after"},{"text":"て","gloss":"modeled after"},{"text":"計画","gloss":"was planned","reading":"けいかく"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"was planned"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was planned"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was planned"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.q.004.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L108.q.005","source":"市の 大きさは どのぐらい ありましたか。","translation":"How large was the city?","reading":"しのおおきさはどのぐらいありましたか。","words":[{"text":"市","gloss":"city","reading":"し"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"大き","gloss":"size","reading":"おおき"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"size"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"how"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"was"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.q.005.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L108.q.006","source":"今日の 奈良市は どうですか。","translation":"What is the present-day city of Nara like?","reading":"こんにちのならしはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"present-day","reading":"こんにち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"奈良","gloss":"Nara City","reading":"なら"},{"text":"市","gloss":"Nara City","reading":"し"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what like"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.q.006.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L108.q.007","source":"ある通りは 昔の おもかげを 残していますか。","translation":"Do some of the streets preserve the appearance of olden times?","reading":"あるとおりはむかしのおもかげをのこしていますか。","words":[{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"streets","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"昔","gloss":"olden times","reading":"むかし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"おもかげ","gloss":"appearance"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"残し","gloss":"preserve","reading":"のこし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"preserve"},{"text":"い","gloss":"preserve"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"preserve"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.q.007.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L108.q.008","source":"奈良には 大仏でんの 外に どんな 有名な 処が ありますか。","translation":"Besides the Great Buddha Hall, what famous places are there in Nara?","reading":"ならにはだいぶつでんのほかにどんなゆうめいなところがありますか。","words":[{"text":"奈良","gloss":"Nara","reading":"なら"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大仏","gloss":"Great Buddha Hall","reading":"だいぶつ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"Great Buddha Hall"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"Great Buddha Hall"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"外","gloss":"besides","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"besides"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"な","gloss":"famous"},{"text":"処","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.q.008.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"word":"自分","gloss":"self"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"しまう","gloss":"to put away"},{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"マイル、","gloss":"mile"},{"word":"西れき","gloss":"Christian era: A.D."},{"word":"けん","gloss":"numerical counter for houses (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"どの","gloss":"which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Questions about parks and temples · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Places, features, and dates","paragraphs":["The questions ask where Nara's landmarks stand, what distinguishes them, and when Horyuji was built.","*法隆寺は 何で 有名ですか*, \"What is Horyuji Temple famous for?\" An answer states that it is said to be the world's oldest wooden structure.","Other answers describe Nara Park and its deer, locate Kasuga Shrine and Horyuji, and explain the temple's rebuilding and damaged murals."]}],"lines":[{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L108.q.009","source":"奈良公園は どんな 公園ですか。","translation":"What kind of park is Nara Park?","reading":"ならこうえんはどんなこうえんですか。","words":[{"text":"奈良","gloss":"Nara Park","reading":"なら"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"Nara Park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.q.009.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L108.q.010","source":"奈良公園の しかは どうですか。","translation":"What are the deer in Nara Park like?","reading":"ならこうえんのしかはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"奈良","gloss":"Nara Park","reading":"なら"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"Nara Park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しか","gloss":"deer"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what like"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.q.010.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L108.q.011","source":"春日神社は どこに ありますか。","translation":"Where is Kasuga Shrine?","reading":"かすがじんじゃはどこにありますか。","words":[{"text":"春日","gloss":"Kasuga Shrine","reading":"かすが"},{"text":"神社","gloss":"Kasuga Shrine","reading":"じんじゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.q.011.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L108.q.012","source":"法隆寺は どこに ありますか。","translation":"Where is Horyuji Temple?","reading":"ほうりゅうじはどこにありますか。","words":[{"text":"法隆","gloss":"Horyuji Temple","reading":"ほうりゅう"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Horyuji Temple","reading":"じ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.q.012.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L108.q.013","source":"法隆寺は 何で 有名ですか。","translation":"What is Horyuji Temple famous for?","reading":"ほうりゅうじはなんでゆうめいですか。","words":[{"text":"法隆","gloss":"Horyuji Temple","reading":"ほうりゅう"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Horyuji Temple","reading":"じ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"for"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.q.013.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L108.q.014","source":"この 寺は いつごろ たてられたものですか。","translation":"About when was this temple built?","reading":"このてらはいつごろたてられたものですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"temple","reading":"てら"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつごろ","gloss":"about when"},{"text":"たて","gloss":"was built"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"was built"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was built"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.q.014.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L108.q.015","source":"現在 たっている 法隆寺は 昔の まま 残っていますか。","translation":"Has the present Horyuji Temple remained just as it was in the past?","reading":"げんざいたっているほうりゅうじはむかしのままのこっていますか。","words":[{"text":"現在","gloss":"present","reading":"げんざい"},{"text":"たっ","gloss":"is standing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is standing"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is standing"},{"text":"法隆","gloss":"Horyuji Temple","reading":"ほうりゅう"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Horyuji Temple","reading":"じ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"昔","gloss":"past","reading":"むかし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"まま","gloss":"just as"},{"text":"残っ","gloss":"has remained","reading":"のこっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"has remained"},{"text":"い","gloss":"has remained"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"has remained"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.q.015.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L108.q.016","source":"法隆寺の 金堂内の へき画は しょうしつしましたか。","translation":"Did the murals inside Horyuji Temple's Golden Hall burn?","reading":"ほうりゅうじのこんどうないのへきがはしょうしつしましたか。","words":[{"text":"法隆","gloss":"Horyuji Temple","reading":"ほうりゅう"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Horyuji Temple","reading":"じ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"金堂","gloss":"Golden Hall","reading":"こんどう"},{"text":"内","gloss":"inside","reading":"ない"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"murals"},{"text":"き","gloss":"murals"},{"text":"画","gloss":"murals","reading":"が"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"しょうし","gloss":"burned"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"burned"},{"text":"し","gloss":"burned"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"burned"},{"text":"た","gloss":"burned"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.q.016.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Cities, directions and planning · Word list 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A city built on a grid","paragraphs":["*計画都市* is \"planned city\", while *外京* is \"outer capital\". These words describe Nara's plan and history.","*南北* names north and south, and *東西* names east and west. *ごばんの目* describes squares or crosses on a GO board."]}],"lines":[{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.001","source":"先ほど","translation":"a while ago","reading":"さきほど","words":[{"text":"先ほど","gloss":"a while ago","reading":"さきほど"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.001.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.002","source":"長安城","translation":"Chang An Cheng (a place in China)","reading":"ちょうあんじょう","words":[{"text":"長安城","gloss":"Chang An Cheng","reading":"ちょうあんじょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.002.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.003","source":"まねる","translation":"imitate; mimic; copy (v.t.)","reading":"まねる","words":[{"text":"まねる","gloss":"imitate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.003.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.004","source":"都市","translation":"city","reading":"とし","words":[{"text":"都市","gloss":"city","reading":"とし"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.004.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.005","source":"計画都市","translation":"planned city","reading":"けいかくとし","words":[{"text":"計画都市","gloss":"planned city","reading":"けいかくとし"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.005.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.006","source":"南北","translation":"north and south","reading":"なんぼく","words":[{"text":"南北","gloss":"north and south","reading":"なんぼく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.006.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.007","source":"東西","translation":"east and west","reading":"とうざい","words":[{"text":"東西","gloss":"east and west","reading":"とうざい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.007.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.008","source":"ごばん","translation":"GO playing board","reading":"ごばん","words":[{"text":"ごばん","gloss":"Go playing board"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.008.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.009","source":"ごばんの目","translation":"square or crosses on the GO board","reading":"ごばんのめ","words":[{"text":"ごばんの目","gloss":"Go-board grid","reading":"ごばんのめ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.009.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.010","source":"当時","translation":"at that time; then","reading":"とうじ","words":[{"text":"当時","gloss":"at that time","reading":"とうじ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.010.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.011","source":"外京","translation":"outer capital","reading":"げきょう","words":[{"text":"外京","gloss":"outer capital","reading":"げきょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.011.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"長安城","gloss":"Chang An Cheng (a place in China)"},{"word":"まねる","gloss":"imitate; mimic; copy (v.t.)"},{"word":"計画都市","gloss":"planned city"},{"word":"ごばんの目","gloss":"square or crosses on the GO board"},{"word":"当時","gloss":"at that time; then"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Streets, visitors and deer · Word list 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Streets, visitors, and deer","paragraphs":["*おもかげ* means \"traces\", *観光客* means \"tourist\", and *しか* means \"deer\". These words cover old streets and Nara's visitors.","*最大* is \"the largest\", and *最古* is \"the oldest\". Both begin with the *SAI* prefix.","*南方* means \"south\" or \"in the southern direction\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.012","source":"おもかげ","translation":"feature; form; vestige; look; traces","reading":"おもかげ","words":[{"text":"おもかげ","gloss":"traces"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.012.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.013","source":"残す","translation":"leave behind (v.t.)","reading":"のこす","words":[{"text":"残す","gloss":"leave behind","reading":"のこす"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.013.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.014","source":"せいぜん（と）","translation":"order(ly); regular(ly)","reading":"せいぜん（と）","words":[{"text":"せいぜん（と）","gloss":"orderly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.014.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.015","source":"一じょう通","translation":"the Ichijoo Street","reading":"いちじょうどおり","words":[{"text":"一じょう通","gloss":"Ichijo Street","reading":"いちじょうどおり"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.015.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.016","source":"三じょう通","translation":"the Sanjoo Street","reading":"さんじょうどおり","words":[{"text":"三じょう通","gloss":"Sanjo Street","reading":"さんじょうどおり"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.016.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.017","source":"最大","translation":"the largest (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"さいだい","words":[{"text":"最大","gloss":"the largest","reading":"さいだい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.017.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.018","source":"しか","translation":"deer","reading":"しか","words":[{"text":"しか","gloss":"deer"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.018.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.019","source":"観光客","translation":"tourist; visitor; sightseer","reading":"かんこうきゃく","words":[{"text":"観光客","gloss":"tourist","reading":"かんこうきゃく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.019.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.020","source":"おじぎをする","translation":"bow (v.i.)","reading":"おじぎをする","words":[{"text":"おじぎをする","gloss":"bow"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.020.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.021","source":"南方","translation":"in the southern direction; south","reading":"なんぽう","words":[{"text":"南方","gloss":"south","reading":"なんぽう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.021.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.022","source":"最古","translation":"the oldest","reading":"さいこ","words":[{"text":"最古","gloss":"the oldest","reading":"さいこ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"残す","gloss":"leave behind (v.t.)"},{"word":"せいぜん（と）","gloss":"order(ly); regular(ly)"},{"word":"一じょう通","gloss":"the Ichijoo Street"},{"word":"三じょう通","gloss":"the Sanjoo Street"},{"word":"観光客","gloss":"tourist; visitor; sightseer"},{"word":"おじぎをする","gloss":"bow (v.i.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Fire, rebuilding and preservation · Word list 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"From damage to preservation","paragraphs":["*しょうしつ（する）* is \"burning\", while *さいけん（する）* is \"rebuilding\". These words describe the temple's damage and preservation.","*へき画* means \"mural\", *金堂* means \"the main hall of a Buddhist temple\", and *戦さい* means \"war damage\".","*法律* is \"law\". *---が 動機と なって* links a motive to the action or change it produces."]}],"lines":[{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.023","source":"木造けんちく物","translation":"wooden structure","reading":"もくぞうけんちくぶつ","words":[{"text":"木造けんちく物","gloss":"wooden structure","reading":"もくぞうけんちくぶつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.023.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.024","source":"しょうしつ（する）","translation":"burning; conflagration (burn) (v.i.)","reading":"しょうしつ（する）","words":[{"text":"しょうしつ（する）","gloss":"burn"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.024.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.025","source":"さいけん（する）","translation":"rebuilding; reconstruction (rebuild; reconstruct) (v.t.)","reading":"さいけん（する）","words":[{"text":"さいけん（する）","gloss":"rebuild"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.025.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.026","source":"へき画","translation":"mural; wall painting","reading":"へきが","words":[{"text":"へき画","gloss":"mural","reading":"へきが"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.026.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.027","source":"残ねんな事をしました","translation":"It was really regrettable","reading":"ざんねんなことをしました","words":[{"text":"残ねんな事をしました","gloss":"it was really regrettable","reading":"ざんねんなことをしました"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.027.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.028","source":"残ねん","translation":"regret; mortification","reading":"ざんねん","words":[{"text":"残ねん","gloss":"regret","reading":"ざんねん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.028.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.029","source":"金堂","translation":"the main hall of a Buddhist temple","reading":"こんどう","words":[{"text":"金堂","gloss":"Buddhist temple main hall","reading":"こんどう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.029.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.030","source":"戦さい","translation":"war damage","reading":"せんさい","words":[{"text":"戦さい","gloss":"war damage","reading":"せんさい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.030.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.031","source":"こうむる","translation":"suffer (loss; damage) (v.t.)","reading":"こうむる","words":[{"text":"こうむる","gloss":"suffer damage"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.031.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.032","source":"法律","translation":"law","reading":"ほうりつ","words":[{"text":"法律","gloss":"law","reading":"ほうりつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.032.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L108.w.033","source":"---が 動機と なって","translation":"prompted by ---, motivated by ---. (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"---がどうきとなって","words":[{"text":"---が動機となって","gloss":"prompted by","reading":"---がどうきとなって"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L108.w.033.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":6,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\n1 Topic titles:\n\na Talk about the places of interest in Nara by one person asking the questions and the other answering them.\n\na(1) The city of Nara (present and old)\n\na(2) The Nara park\n\na(3) The deer in Nara Park\n\na(4) The Hooryuuji Temple\n\n2 Visual cues:\n\na Look at the map on Page 165 and 166, and also the pictures on Page 167 to 169 and talk about them.\n\nb Look at the map on Page 166 and point out some of the famous spots."},{"section":7,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.\n\n2 Study the Grammar Perception Drill.\n\n3 Study the Pattern Practice and do the exercise given\n\n4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.\n\n5 Read the Explanatory Notes.\n\n6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercise given."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"木造けんちく物","gloss":"wooden structure"},{"word":"しょうしつ（する）","gloss":"burning; conflagration (burn) (v.i.)"},{"word":"さいけん（する）","gloss":"rebuilding; reconstruction (rebuild; reconstruct) (v.t.)"},{"word":"へき画","gloss":"mural; wall painting"},{"word":"残ねんな事をしました","gloss":"It was really regrettable"},{"word":"戦さい","gloss":"war damage"},{"word":"こうむる","gloss":"suffer (loss; damage) (v.t.)"},{"word":"---が動機となって","gloss":"prompted by ---, motivated by ---. (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]}]}