{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L110","title":"Lesson 110","stage":"Reading Japan","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 110: castles and palaces in kyoto · dialogue 1 of 5, golden and silver pavilions · dialogue 2 of 5, why the silver pavilion is unfinished · dialogue 3 of 5, major temples of kyoto · dialogue 4 of 5, famous shrines of kyoto · dialogue 5 of 5, what people consider important · perception drill, describing common beliefs · pattern 1 1 of 3, asking what people consider best · pattern 1 2 of 3, stating accepted qualities · pattern 1 3 of 3, kyoto palaces and pavilion history · reading selection 1 of 2, kyoto temple and shrine sights · reading selection 2 of 2, kyoto landmarks and their history · questions, pavilions, reflections, temple and shrine names · word list 3 of 3.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/108","lines":109},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/107","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/109","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Castles and palaces in Kyoto · Dialogue 1 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"A castle for visits to Kyoto","paragraphs":["The speakers name places that a visitor to Kyoto must see. *二条り宮は徳川家康が京都へ行った時に泊まる城として建てられたものです* means \"Nijō Detached Palace was built as a castle where Tokugawa Ieyasu stayed during visits to Kyoto.\"","Ieyasu, the first Tokugawa Shoogun, built *NIJOO RIKYUU* as his home for visits to Kyoto. It later became an Imperial Palace."]},{"title":"Regarded as essential","paragraphs":["*御所はどうしても見物しなければならない所の一つとされています* means \"The Imperial Palace is regarded as one of the places that must be seen.\"","Listen for *とされています* after the description. Here it presents the Imperial Palace as generally regarded that way."]},{"title":"Kanji: 条, 泊, 建","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 後","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.001","source":"京都見物をする時、御所はどうしても見物しなければならない所の一つとされていますが、その外に見のがしてはならないものは何でしょうか。","translation":"When you do the sights of Kyoto, the Imperial Palace is regarded as one of the places that you have to see by all means. Besides that, what are the places that you must not overlook?","reading":"きょうとけんぶつをするとき、ごしょはどうしてもけんぶつしなければならないところのひとつとされていますが、そのほかにみのがしてはならないものはなんでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"見物","gloss":"sightseeing","reading":"けんぶつ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"時、","gloss":"when","reading":"とき"},{"text":"御所","gloss":"Imperial Palace","reading":"ごしょ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"by any means"},{"text":"し","gloss":"by any means"},{"text":"て","gloss":"by any means"},{"text":"も","gloss":"by any means"},{"text":"見物","gloss":"see","reading":"けんぶつ"},{"text":"し","gloss":"see"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"must"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"regarded"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"regarded"},{"text":"て","gloss":"regarded"},{"text":"い","gloss":"regarded"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"regarded"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"外","gloss":"besides","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"besides"},{"text":"見のがし","gloss":"overlook","reading":"みのがし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"overlook"},{"text":"は","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"things"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.002","source":"金かく寺、銀かく寺、そして二条り宮ですね。","translation":"They are the Golden Pavilion, the Silver Pavilion, and the Nijoo Detached Palace.","reading":"きんかくじ、ぎんかくじ、そしてにじょうりきゅうですね。","words":[{"text":"金","gloss":"Golden Pavilion","reading":"きん"},{"text":"かく","gloss":"Golden Pavilion"},{"text":"寺、","gloss":"Golden Pavilion","reading":"じ"},{"text":"銀","gloss":"Silver Pavilion","reading":"ぎん"},{"text":"かく","gloss":"Silver Pavilion"},{"text":"寺、","gloss":"Silver Pavilion","reading":"じ"},{"text":"そして","gloss":"and"},{"text":"二","gloss":"Nijo Palace","reading":"に"},{"text":"条","gloss":"Nijo Palace","reading":"じょう"},{"text":"り","gloss":"Nijo Palace"},{"text":"宮","gloss":"Nijo Palace","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.003","source":"二条り宮は御所の一部をなすものですか。","translation":"Is the Nijoo Detached Palace the component of the Imperial Palace?","reading":"にじょうりきゅうはごしょのいちぶをなすものですか。","words":[{"text":"二","gloss":"Nijo Palace","reading":"に"},{"text":"条","gloss":"Nijo Palace","reading":"じょう"},{"text":"り","gloss":"Nijo Palace"},{"text":"宮","gloss":"Nijo Palace","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"御所","gloss":"Imperial Palace","reading":"ごしょ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"一部","gloss":"component","reading":"いちぶ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"なす","gloss":"constitute"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.004","source":"いいえ、二条り宮は徳川家康が京都へ行った時に泊まる城として建てられたものです。それから後も将軍が泊まるところになっていました。","translation":"No, the Nijoo Detached Palace was built as a castle for TOKUGAWA IEYASU to stay over when he went to Kyoto. Afterwards it was used as a lodging place for the SHOOGUN.","reading":"いいえ、にじょうりきゅうはとくがわいえやすがきょうとへいったときにとまるしろとしてたてられたものです。それからのちもしょうぐんがとまるところになっていました。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"二","gloss":"Nijo Palace","reading":"に"},{"text":"条","gloss":"Nijo Palace","reading":"じょう"},{"text":"り","gloss":"Nijo Palace"},{"text":"宮","gloss":"Nijo Palace","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"徳川","gloss":"Tokugawa","reading":"とくがわ"},{"text":"家康","gloss":"Ieyasu","reading":"いえやす"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"went","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"went"},{"text":"時","gloss":"when","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"泊まる","gloss":"stay","reading":"とまる"},{"text":"城","gloss":"castle","reading":"しろ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"as"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"建て","gloss":"built","reading":"たて"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"built"},{"text":"た","gloss":"built"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"was"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"afterwards"},{"text":"から","gloss":"afterwards"},{"text":"後","gloss":"afterwards","reading":"のち"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"将軍","gloss":"shogun","reading":"しょうぐん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"泊まる","gloss":"stay","reading":"とまる"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"place"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"had become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"had become"},{"text":"い","gloss":"had become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"had become"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"had become"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.005","source":"なるほどね。ほりがあって、お城の様だと思いました。","translation":"I see. There is a moat and I thought it looked like a castle.","reading":"なるほどね。ほりがあって、おしろのようだとおもいました。","words":[{"text":"なるほど","gloss":"I see"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"ほり","gloss":"moat"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"there was"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"there was"},{"text":"お","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"城","gloss":"castle","reading":"しろ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"like"},{"text":"様","gloss":"like","reading":"よう"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"thought","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"thought"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"thought"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.006","source":"もちろんお城でしたが、それが火焼けたのです。それで今でも二条城とも言います。","translation":"Of course it was a castle, but it was burned down. So even now it is called Nijoo Castle sometimes.","reading":"もちろんおしろでしたが、それがひやけたのです。それでいまでもにじょうじょうともいいます。","words":[{"text":"もちろん","gloss":"of course"},{"text":"お","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"城","gloss":"castle","reading":"しろ"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"it"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"火","gloss":"fire","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"焼け","gloss":"burned down","reading":"やけ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"burned down"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"so"},{"text":"で","gloss":"so"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"二条","gloss":"Nijo Castle","reading":"にじょう"},{"text":"城","gloss":"Nijo Castle","reading":"じょう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"is called","reading":"いい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is called"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"--- TO SARETE IRU\nFollowing nouns and pronouns, and the basic form of i-adjectives, TO SARETE IRU expresses the meaning of “considered to be ---” or “regarded as ---.”\n\nExamples:\n\nTABAKO WA BYOONIN NI WARUI MONO TO SARETE IMASU. “Cigarettes are considered to be bad for sick people.”\n\nNIHONGO WA MUZUKASHII GAIKOKUGO TO SARETE IMASU. “Japanese is regarded as a difficult foreign language.”\n\nKOKO DEWA AKI GA ICHIBAN II TO SARETE IMASU. “Here the autumn is considered to be the best.”\n\nKONO HOTERU NO SETSUBI WA TAIHEN YOI TO SARETE IRU. “Facilities at this school are considered to be very good.”\n\nSUMISU-SAN WA SHINDA MONO TO SARETE IMASU. “Mr. Smith is considered to be dead.”"},{"section":2,"text":"NIJOO RIKYUU (Nijoo Detached Palace)\nIt was originally built by Ieyasu, the first Tokugawa Shoogun, to serve as his residence on the occasion of his visits to Kyoto. At the time of the Restoration in 1868, the palace was made the temporary seat of the government, and it was from here that the Emperor Meiji issued the edict abolishing the Shogunate. Between 1871 and 1884 the palace was used as the Kyoto Prefecture Office and almost incredible damage was done to the priceless objects of art which it contained. Since it was made one of the Imperial Palaces much has been done to restore its old splendor, but some of it was beyond recall. It will be noticed that the Imperial Crest, the 16-petaled chrysanthemum, has been substituted for the Tokugawa crest of the AOI leaves wherever possible."},{"section":3,"text":"HIGASHI HONGANJI Temple\nIt is the junior headquarters of the JOODO SHINSHUU sect of Buddhism. The temple buildings, except the main hall and the founder’s hall, are closed to the general public, but admission to other buildings and to the abbot’s villa is usually allowed to those who make applications a day in advance. The temple structures, founded in 1602, were destroyed by fire four times. The present structures were completed in 1895 from contributions made by members of the sect from all parts of the country.\n\nCultural Note 2, continued."},{"section":4,"text":"NISHI HONGANJI Temple\nIt is the senior headquarters of the JOODO SHINSHUU sect and it is about a ten minutes’ walk from Kyoto Station. The temple is one of the finest in Kyoto and is often referred to by art critics as the best existing example of Buddhist architecture. Foreign visitors are given permission to visit many apartments and buildings not open to the general public on application at the temple office. The Main Hall, reconstructed in 1760 after destruction by fire, contains an image of Buddha carved by a sculptor."},{"section":5,"text":"CHION-IN Temple\nIt is the grand headquarters of the JOODO sect founded by the distinguished priest HOONEN (1133-1212) in 1211. CHION-IN is one of the most famous and largest temples not only in Kyoto but throughout the country, the grounds covering an area of about 30 acres. Fires have repeatedly ravaged the temple buildings, but of those now standing, the main hall, the superior’s apartments, etc., date back to 1633-1639.\n\nCultural Note 4, continued."},{"section":6,"text":"KIYOMIZU Temple\nIt is dedicated to the eleven-faced KANNON, whose image is registered as an “Important Cultural Property.” The temple was established in 805, the old Shishinden Hall of the Imperial Palace at Nagaoka constituting the nucleus of the new buildings. Subsequently, the present temple structures were re-erected in 1633 by order of the third Tokugawa Shoogun Iemitsu. The main temple stands on a cliff with a wooden platform in front, from which a panoramic view of Kyoto and its neighboring districts can be seen."},{"section":7,"text":"SANJUU-SANGEN-DOO\nIt is called SANJUU-SANGEN-DOO because of the 33 (sanjuu-san) spaces between the pillars in the structure. The original temple, erected in 1132, was destroyed by fire in 1249, but was rebuilt in 1251. It has been designated as a “National Treasure.” Its chief image is the thousand-handed Kannon in a sitting posture, 8 feet in height, carved by the noted sculptor TANKEI, then aged 82, and his assistants. The Kannon is accompanied by the 28 faithful followers and also by a thousand Kannon, 5.7 feet in height.\n\nCultural Note 6, continued."},{"section":8,"text":"KINKAKUJI-Temple (Golden Pavilion)\nIt was built by the third Shoogun, Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, and his son, in obedience to his father’s will, turned the villa into a Buddhist temple. Most of the buildings then erected were destroyed by repeated fires, culminating in the tragic loss through wilful arson of the treasured Golden Pavilion in July, 1950. A new building, an exact reproduction of the original, was erected in October, 1955 on the same spot."},{"section":9,"text":"YASAKA Shrine\nIt is commonly called GION Shrine because it is situated on Gion-machi. The present buildings were erected in 1654 in the old residential style by order of the Shoogun. The stone TORII gate on the south side, measuring 36 feet in height, is said to be one of the largest in Japan. Among the chief treasures of the shrine are a pair of KOMA-INU (carved fabulous animals).\n\nCultural Note 8, continued."},{"section":10,"text":"HEIAN Shrine\nIt is a famous Shinto shrine dedicated to the Emperor Kammu and also to the Emperor Koomei, recently enshrined therein. It was built in 1895 in order to accomodate the 1,100th anniversary of the founding of Kyoto by the Emperor Kammu. The shrine buildings are a replica on a reduced scale of the first Imperial Palace built in 794, and are all brightly colored. Ootemmon, which is a two-storied gate, is painted in bright crimson with blue tiles on the roof."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"時、","gloss":"time"},{"word":"御所","gloss":"an Imperial Palace"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"も","gloss":"as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"なら","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"い","gloss":"stomach"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"金","gloss":"gold"},{"word":"かく","gloss":"each (prefix)"},{"word":"寺、","gloss":"Buddhist temple"},{"word":"銀","gloss":"silver"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"一部","gloss":"a copy"},{"word":"なす","gloss":"eggplant"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"後","gloss":"after; afterwards"},{"word":"将軍","gloss":"shogun, general; generalissimo"},{"word":"ところ","gloss":"place (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"なるほど","gloss":"I see, indeed, to be sure"},{"word":"ほり","gloss":"moat; pond"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"もちろん","gloss":"of course, to be sure"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Golden and Silver Pavilions · Dialogue 2 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"The Golden Pavilion rebuilt","paragraphs":["The speakers compare Kyoto's Golden and Silver Pavilions. *あれは、千九百五十年にほう火によって焼けて、その後千九百五十五年に再建されたものです* means \"It was burned by arson in 1950 and rebuilt in 1955.\"","Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, the third Shoogun, built the Golden Pavilion. The new building is an exact copy erected on the same site in October 1955."]},{"title":"Kanji: 築, 庭","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 再, 映","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.007","source":"そこでは何が有名ですか。","translation":"What is it famous for?","reading":"そこではなにがゆうめいですか。","words":[{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.008","source":"建築と庭園です。","translation":"Building construction and the garden.","reading":"けんちくとていえんです。","words":[{"text":"建築","gloss":"architecture","reading":"けんちく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"庭園","gloss":"garden","reading":"ていえん"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.009","source":"金かく寺の絵を見ましたが、美しいですね。金色の建物がいけに映って。","translation":"I saw a picture of the Golden Pavilion, and it is surely beautiful with its golden structure reflecting on the pond.","reading":"きんかくじのえをみましたが、うつくしいですね。こんじきのたてものがいけにうつって。","words":[{"text":"金","gloss":"Golden Pavilion","reading":"きん"},{"text":"かく","gloss":"Golden Pavilion"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Golden Pavilion","reading":"じ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"絵","gloss":"picture","reading":"え"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"saw","reading":"み"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"saw"},{"text":"た","gloss":"saw"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"美しい","gloss":"beautiful","reading":"うつくしい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"金色","gloss":"golden","reading":"こんじき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"建物","gloss":"building","reading":"たてもの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"pond"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"映っ","gloss":"reflected","reading":"うつっ"},{"text":"て。","gloss":"reflected"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.010","source":"あれは、千九百五十年にほう火によって焼けて、その後千九百五十五年に再建されたものです。","translation":"It was burned in 1950 by arson, and it was rebuilt in 1955.","reading":"あれは、せんきゅうひゃくごじゅうねんにほうかによってやけて、そののちせんきゅうひゃくごじゅうごねんにさいけんされたものです。","words":[{"text":"あれ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"千","gloss":"1950","reading":"せん"},{"text":"九百","gloss":"1950","reading":"きゅうひゃく"},{"text":"五十","gloss":"1950","reading":"ごじゅう"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"arson"},{"text":"火","gloss":"arson","reading":"か"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"by"},{"text":"て","gloss":"by"},{"text":"焼け","gloss":"burned","reading":"やけ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"burned"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"後","gloss":"after"},{"text":"千","gloss":"1955"},{"text":"九百","gloss":"1955"},{"text":"五十","gloss":"1955"},{"text":"五","gloss":"1955"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"再建","gloss":"rebuilt","reading":"さいけん"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"rebuilt"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"rebuilt"},{"text":"た","gloss":"rebuilt"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"was"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.011","source":"道理で新しく見えましたよ。それに反して、銀かく寺は古びて見えますね。","translation":"No wonder it looked new. In contrast to that, the Silver Pavilion looks worn down, doesn’t it?","reading":"どうりであたらしくみえましたよ。それにはんして、ぎんかくじはふるびてみえますね。","words":[{"text":"道理","gloss":"no wonder","reading":"どうり"},{"text":"で","gloss":"no wonder"},{"text":"新しく","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしく"},{"text":"見え","gloss":"looked","reading":"みえ"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"looked"},{"text":"た","gloss":"looked"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"in contrast"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in contrast"},{"text":"反し","gloss":"in contrast","reading":"はんし"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"in contrast"},{"text":"銀","gloss":"Silver Pavilion","reading":"ぎん"},{"text":"かく","gloss":"Silver Pavilion"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Silver Pavilion","reading":"じ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"古び","gloss":"worn","reading":"ふるび"},{"text":"て","gloss":"worn"},{"text":"見え","gloss":"looks","reading":"みえ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"looks"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.012","source":"銀かく寺の方がもとの金かく寺より新しかったのです。銀かく寺の庭園はすばらしいものです。","translation":"The Silver Pavilion was newer than the original Golden Pavilion. The garden of the Silver Pavilion is magnificent.","reading":"ぎんかくじのほうがもとのきんかくじよりあたらしかったのです。ぎんかくじのていえんはすばらしいものです。","words":[{"text":"銀","gloss":"Silver Pavilion","reading":"ぎん"},{"text":"かく","gloss":"Silver Pavilion"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Silver Pavilion","reading":"じ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"one","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"もと","gloss":"original"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"金","gloss":"Golden Pavilion","reading":"きん"},{"text":"かく","gloss":"Golden Pavilion"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Golden Pavilion","reading":"じ"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"新しかっ","gloss":"was newer","reading":"あたらしかっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was newer"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"銀","gloss":"Silver Pavilion","reading":"ぎん"},{"text":"かく","gloss":"Silver Pavilion"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Silver Pavilion","reading":"じ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"庭園","gloss":"garden","reading":"ていえん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"すばらしい","gloss":"magnificent"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"寺","gloss":"Buddhist temple"},{"word":"いけ","gloss":"pond, dam, reservoir"},{"word":"千","gloss":"1,000"},{"word":"九百","gloss":"900"},{"word":"五十","gloss":"50"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"道理","gloss":"reason; logic"},{"word":"もと","gloss":"cause, origin"},{"word":"より","gloss":"than (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"すばらしい","gloss":"splendid, great, grand"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Why the Silver Pavilion is unfinished · Dialogue 3 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"An unfinished pavilion","paragraphs":["The speakers ask whether the Silver Pavilion has a silver coating. *銀かく寺には銀がぬってありますか* means \"Is the Silver Pavilion painted with silver?\"","*これを建て始めたあしかがよしまさと言う将軍がまだ建物の出来上らないうちに死んでしまったのです* means \"The Shoogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa died before the building was completed.\"","Construction stopped midway. *それがほとんどそのまま残っていると言えるんです* means \"You can say that it remains practically as it was.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.013","source":"銀かく寺には銀がぬってありますか。","translation":"Is the Silver Pavilion painted with silver?","reading":"ぎんかくじにはぎんがぬってありますか。","words":[{"text":"銀","gloss":"Silver Pavilion","reading":"ぎん"},{"text":"かく","gloss":"Silver Pavilion"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Silver Pavilion","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"銀","gloss":"silver","reading":"ぎん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ぬっ","gloss":"is painted"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is painted"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is painted"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is painted"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.014","source":"いいえ、ぬってないのです。銀かく寺と言う名前はてきとうではありませんよ。","translation":"No, it is not. The name of Silver Pavilion is not suitable.","reading":"いいえ、ぬってないのです。ぎんかくじというなまえはてきとうではありませんよ。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"ぬっ","gloss":"painted"},{"text":"て","gloss":"painted"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"銀","gloss":"Silver Pavilion","reading":"ぎん"},{"text":"かく","gloss":"Silver Pavilion"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Silver Pavilion","reading":"じ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"名前","gloss":"name","reading":"なまえ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"てきとう","gloss":"suitable"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is not"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"is not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"is not"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.015","source":"初めからぬってないのですか。","translation":"Was it not painted from the beginning?","reading":"はじめからぬってないのですか。","words":[{"text":"初め","gloss":"beginning","reading":"はじめ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"ぬっ","gloss":"painted"},{"text":"て","gloss":"painted"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.016","source":"そうです。これを建て始めたあしかがよしまさと言う将軍がまだ建物の出来上らないうちに死んでしまったのです。","translation":"No, it wasn’t. The Shoogun, Ashikaga Yoshimasa, who started to build it died before it was completed.","reading":"そうです。これをたてはじめたあしかがよしまさというしょうぐんがまだたてもののできあがらないうちにしんでしまったのです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that's right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"that's right"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"建て","gloss":"build","reading":"たて"},{"text":"始め","gloss":"started","reading":"はじめ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"あしかが","gloss":"Ashikaga"},{"text":"よし","gloss":"Yoshimasa"},{"text":"まさ","gloss":"Yoshimasa"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"将軍","gloss":"shogun","reading":"しょうぐん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"建物","gloss":"building","reading":"たてもの"},{"text":"の","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来上ら","gloss":"completed","reading":"できあがら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"うち","gloss":"before"},{"text":"に","gloss":"before"},{"text":"死ん","gloss":"died","reading":"しん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"died"},{"text":"しまっ","gloss":"died"},{"text":"た","gloss":"died"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.017","source":"それで、中とで建築をやめたのですか。","translation":"And did they quit building midway?","reading":"それで、ちゅうとでけんちくをやめたのですか。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"and so"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and so"},{"text":"中","gloss":"midway","reading":"ちゅう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"midway"},{"text":"で","gloss":"midway"},{"text":"建築","gloss":"construction","reading":"けんちく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やめ","gloss":"quit"},{"text":"た","gloss":"quit"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.018","source":"そうです。それがほとんどそのまま残っていると言えるんです。","translation":"That’s right. You can say that it is remaining practically as is.","reading":"そうです。それがほとんどそのままのこっているといえるんです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that's right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"that's right"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"it"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ほとんど","gloss":"almost"},{"text":"その","gloss":"as is"},{"text":"まま","gloss":"as is"},{"text":"残っ","gloss":"remains","reading":"のこっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"remains"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"remains"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言える","gloss":"can say","reading":"いえる"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"},{"word":"うち","gloss":"home, house"},{"word":"ほとんど","gloss":"almost (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"言える","gloss":"can be said"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Major temples of Kyoto · Dialogue 4 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"The eastern headquarters","paragraphs":["The speakers list major temples in Kyoto. *多いですね。ちおん院、きよ水寺、東本願寺、西本願寺、三十三間堂などはどうしても見るべきですね* means \"There are many. You should see Chion-in, Kiyomizu, Higashi Honganji, Nishi Honganji, and Sanjūsangen-dō.\"","*東本願寺* is Higashi Honganji, the junior headquarters of the *JOODO SHINSHUU* sect.","Fire destroyed its buildings four times. The present buildings were completed in 1895 with contributions from members of the sect."]},{"title":"The western headquarters","paragraphs":["The temple list includes *西本願寺*, Nishi Honganji. It is the senior headquarters of the *JOODO SHINSHUU* sect.","It stands about a ten minute walk from Kyoto Station. Art critics often call it the best existing example of Buddhist architecture."]},{"title":"Kanji: 願","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.019","source":"かんぜんに出来上っていないんですか。","translation":"Isn’t it complete?","reading":"かんぜんにできあがっていないんですか。","words":[{"text":"かんぜん","gloss":"completely"},{"text":"に","gloss":"completely"},{"text":"出来上っ","gloss":"is not complete","reading":"できあがっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is not complete"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is not complete"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"is not complete"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.020","source":"そうです。","translation":"No, it isn’t.","reading":"そうです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that's right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"that's right"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.021","source":"京都には大きなお寺が多いとか。","translation":"I heard that there are many large temples in Kyoto.","reading":"きょうとにはおおきなおてらがおおいとか。","words":[{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"お","gloss":"temple"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"temple","reading":"てら"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"I heard"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"I heard"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.021.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.022","source":"多いですね。ちおん院、きよ水寺、東本願寺、西本願寺、三十三間堂などはどうしても見るべきですね。","translation":"There are many. You should see CHION-IN Temple, KIYOMIZU Temple, HIGASHI HONGANJI Temple, NISHI HONGANJI Temple, SANJUU-SANGENDOO Hall, etc., by all means.","reading":"おおいですね。ちおんいん、きよみずでら、ひがしほんがんじ、にしほんがんじ、さんじゅうさんげんどうなどはどうしてもみるべきですね。","words":[{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"ち","gloss":"Chion-in Temple"},{"text":"おん","gloss":"Chion-in Temple"},{"text":"院、","gloss":"Chion-in Temple","reading":"いん"},{"text":"きよ","gloss":"Kiyomizu Temple"},{"text":"水","gloss":"Kiyomizu Temple"},{"text":"寺、","gloss":"Kiyomizu Temple"},{"text":"東","gloss":"Higashi Honganji"},{"text":"本願","gloss":"Higashi Honganji"},{"text":"寺、","gloss":"Higashi Honganji"},{"text":"西","gloss":"Nishi Honganji"},{"text":"本願","gloss":"Nishi Honganji"},{"text":"寺、","gloss":"Nishi Honganji"},{"text":"三十","gloss":"Sanjusangendo Hall"},{"text":"三","gloss":"Sanjusangendo Hall"},{"text":"間","gloss":"Sanjusangendo Hall"},{"text":"堂","gloss":"Sanjusangendo Hall"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"by all means"},{"text":"し","gloss":"by all means"},{"text":"て","gloss":"by all means"},{"text":"も","gloss":"by all means"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"see","reading":"みる"},{"text":"べき","gloss":"should"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.022.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.023","source":"京都は寺ばかりと聞きましたが。","translation":"I heard that there is nothing but temples in Kyoto, but, (is that true?)","reading":"きょうとはてらばかりとききましたが。","words":[{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"temples","reading":"てら"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"nothing but"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"聞き","gloss":"heard","reading":"きき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"heard"},{"text":"た","gloss":"heard"},{"text":"が。","gloss":"but"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.023.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.024","source":"ええ、昔の平安京の外側は、寺ばかりと言えます。","translation":"Yes, you can say that there is nothing but temples outside of the ancient HEIANKYOO.","reading":"ええ、むかしのへいあんきょうのそとがわは、てらばかりといえます。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"昔","gloss":"ancient","reading":"むかし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"平安","gloss":"Heian Capital","reading":"へいあん"},{"text":"京","gloss":"Heian Capital","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"外側","gloss":"outside","reading":"そとがわ"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"temples","reading":"てら"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"nothing but"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"can say","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"can say"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"かんぜん","gloss":"complete; perfect (N)"},{"word":"大きな","gloss":"big, large (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"水","gloss":"water"},{"word":"東","gloss":"east"},{"word":"西","gloss":"west"},{"word":"三十","gloss":"30"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"間","gloss":"between"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"ばかり","gloss":"about"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Famous shrines of Kyoto · Dialogue 5 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"Yasaka Shrine","paragraphs":["The speakers name Kyoto's famous shrines. Their list includes *八坂神社*, Yasaka Shrine, which is commonly called *GION* Shrine.","The present buildings date from 1654. Its 36-foot stone *TORII* gate is said to be one of Japan's largest."]},{"title":"Heian Shrine","paragraphs":["*この中で平安神宮は、見のがしてはならないものです* means \"Among these, Heian Shrine must not be overlooked.\"","*HEIAN* Shrine was built in 1895 for the 1,100th anniversary of Kyoto's founding. Its brightly colored buildings copy the first Imperial Palace on a smaller scale."]}],"lines":[{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.025","source":"神社は。","translation":"What about the shrines?","reading":"じんじゃは。","words":[{"text":"神社","gloss":"shrines","reading":"じんじゃ"},{"text":"は。","gloss":"what about"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.025.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L110.dlg.026","source":"有名なのは平安神宮、八坂神社、ほう国神社などです。この中で平安神宮は、見のがしてはならないものです。","translation":"The famous ones are the HEIAN Shrine, the YASAKA Shrine, the HOOKOKU Shrine, and others. Among these you must not overlook the HEIAN Shrine.","reading":"ゆうめいなのはへいあんじんぐう、やさかじんじゃ、ほうこくじんじゃなどです。このなかでへいあんじんぐうは、みのがしてはならないものです。","words":[{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"な","gloss":"famous"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"平安","gloss":"Heian Shrine","reading":"へいあん"},{"text":"神宮、","gloss":"Heian Shrine","reading":"じんぐう"},{"text":"八坂","gloss":"Yasaka Shrine","reading":"やさか"},{"text":"神社、","gloss":"Yasaka Shrine","reading":"じんじゃ"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"Hokoku Shrine"},{"text":"国","gloss":"Hokoku Shrine","reading":"こく"},{"text":"神社","gloss":"Hokoku Shrine","reading":"じんじゃ"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"},{"text":"この","gloss":"these"},{"text":"中","gloss":"among","reading":"なか"},{"text":"で","gloss":"among"},{"text":"平安","gloss":"Heian Shrine","reading":"へいあん"},{"text":"神宮","gloss":"Heian Shrine","reading":"じんぐう"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"見のがし","gloss":"overlook","reading":"みのがし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"overlook"},{"text":"は","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.dlg.026.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"神社","gloss":"shrine"},{"word":"は。","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"国","gloss":"country, nation"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"What people consider important · Perception drill","teaching":[{"title":"A judgment presented as general","paragraphs":["*このごろでは日本から来たカメラはいい物とされています* means \"These days, cameras from Japan are regarded as good things.\" The description ends before *とされています*.","After a noun, pronoun, or basic I-adjective, *とされている* means \"considered to be\" or \"regarded as.\"","*習うのがむずかしい外国語の一つとされています* means \"It is considered one of the difficult foreign languages to learn.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L110.gp1.01","source":"御所は見物しなければならない物の一つ とされています。","translation":"The Imperial Palace is regarded as one of the things that you have to see.","reading":"ごしょはけんぶつしなければならないもののひとつとされています。","words":[{"text":"御所","gloss":"Imperial Palace","reading":"ごしょ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"見物","gloss":"sightseeing","reading":"けんぶつ"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"物","gloss":"thing","reading":"もの"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"is regarded"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is regarded"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is regarded"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is regarded"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is regarded"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L110.gp1.02","source":"私は日本のカメラを買ったんですがどうでしょうか。","translation":"I bought a Japanese camera, but what do you think?","reading":"わたくしはにほんのカメラをかったんですがどうでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"カメラ","gloss":"camera"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"bought","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"bought"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が","gloss":"but"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"do you think"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L110.gp1.03","source":"このごろでは日本から来たカメラはいい物とされていますから、た分いいでしょう。","translation":"It probably is nice, as these days cameras that are brought from Japan are regarded as things of good quality.","reading":"このごろではにほんからきたカメラはいいものとされていますから、たぶんいいでしょう。","words":[{"text":"このごろ","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"came"},{"text":"カメラ","gloss":"camera"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"物","gloss":"thing","reading":"もの"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"are regarded"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"are regarded"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are regarded"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are regarded"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are regarded"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"た","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"分","gloss":"probably","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L110.gp1.04","source":"今から三・四十年前には日本製の品物はよくない物とされていたそうですね。","translation":"I understand that about thirty or forty years ago, goods made in Japan were regarded as goods of inferior quality, isn’t that right?","reading":"いまからさん・よんじゅうねんまえにはにほんせいのしなものはよくないものとされていたそうですね。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"三・","gloss":"thirty or","reading":"さん"},{"text":"四十","gloss":"forty","reading":"よんじゅう"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"前","gloss":"ago","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese-made","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"製","gloss":"Japanese-made","reading":"せい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"品物","gloss":"goods","reading":"しなもの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"inferior"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"inferior"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"were regarded"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"were regarded"},{"text":"て","gloss":"were regarded"},{"text":"い","gloss":"were regarded"},{"text":"た","gloss":"were regarded"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L110.gp1.05","source":"そうです。大抵日本製の品物は安っぽくて、品が悪かったからね。","translation":"That’s right. It’s because goods made in Japan were normally cheap looking and their quality was inferior.","reading":"そうです。たいていにほんせいのしなものはやすっぽくて、しながわるかったからね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that's right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"that's right"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese-made"},{"text":"製","gloss":"Japanese-made"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"品物","gloss":"goods","reading":"しなもの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"安っぽく","gloss":"cheap-looking","reading":"やすっぽく"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"cheap-looking"},{"text":"品","gloss":"quality","reading":"しな"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"悪かっ","gloss":"was inferior","reading":"わるかっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was inferior"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you know"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L110.gp1.06","source":"がんと言う病気になると、もうだめですね。","translation":"It’s hopeless if you become afflicted with cancer, isn’t it?","reading":"がんというびょうきになると、もうだめですね。","words":[{"text":"がん","gloss":"cancer"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"だめ","gloss":"hopeless"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L110.gp1.07","source":"ええ、まあ今のところではがんはなおらないものとされていますね。もちろん早く見つかればなおりますがね。","translation":"Yes, it is. Well, as of now, cancer is considered to be an incurable disease. Of course, if the cancer is discovered early, it will be cured.","reading":"ええ、まあいまのところではがんはなおらないものとされていますね。もちろんはやくみつかればなおりますがね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"まあ","gloss":"well"},{"text":"今","gloss":"as of now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"as of now"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"as of now"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"がん","gloss":"cancer"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なおら","gloss":"incurable"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"incurable"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"もちろん","gloss":"of course"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"見つかれ","gloss":"discovered","reading":"みつかれ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なおり","gloss":"is cured"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is cured"},{"text":"が","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you know"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L110.gp1.08","source":"日本語は習うのがむずかしいですか。","translation":"Is Japanese difficult to learn?","reading":"にほんごはならうのがむずかしいですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"習う","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"learning"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L110.gp1.09","source":"ええ、習うのがむずかしい外国語の一つとされていますね。","translation":"Yes, it is considered as one of the most difficult foreign languages to learn.","reading":"ええ、ならうのがむずかしいがいこくごのひとつとされていますね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"習う","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"learning"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign language","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"語","gloss":"foreign language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L110.gp1.10","source":"カーメルは品物のねだんが高いですね。","translation":"The commodity prices are high in Carmel, aren’t they?","reading":"カーメルはしなもののねだんがたかいですね。","words":[{"text":"カーメル","gloss":"Carmel"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"品物","gloss":"goods","reading":"しなもの"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ねだん","gloss":"prices"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"high","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L110.gp1.11","source":"そう、モンテレー半島では一番ねだんが高い所とされています。","translation":"Yes. It is considered as the most expensive place on the Monterey Peninsula.","reading":"そう、モンテレーはんとうではいちばんねだんがたかいところとされています。","words":[{"text":"そう、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"半島","gloss":"peninsula","reading":"はんとう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"ねだん","gloss":"prices"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"high","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is considered"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.gp1.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"カメラ","gloss":"camera (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"分","gloss":"minute"},{"word":"三・","gloss":"three"},{"word":"四十","gloss":"40"},{"word":"前","gloss":"before, front"},{"word":"品物","gloss":"goods, merchandise"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"品","gloss":"quality, goods"},{"word":"がん","gloss":"cancer (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"だめ","gloss":"no good, useless,\nhopeless"},{"word":"まあ","gloss":"Well! Oh, my!"},{"word":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"word":"カーメル","gloss":"Carmel"},{"word":"ねだん","gloss":"price"},{"word":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"word":"半島","gloss":"peninsula"},{"word":"一番","gloss":"number one (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Describing common beliefs · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Accepted judgments","paragraphs":["*大阪は日本第一の工業都市とされています* means \"Osaka is considered Japan's leading industrial city.\"","The description comes directly before *とされています*, the construction used for the Imperial Palace."]},{"title":"What is considered best","paragraphs":["*日本の観光は春が一番いい時期とされています* means \"Spring is considered the best season for sightseeing in Japan.\"","The same construction presents a classification, a quality, or what is considered best as an accepted judgment."]}],"lines":[{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L110.pt1.m1","source":"たばこは病人には悪いもの とされています。","translation":"Smoking is considered bad for sick people.","reading":"たばこはびょうにんにはわるいものとされています。","words":[{"text":"たばこ","gloss":"smoking"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"病人","gloss":"sick people","reading":"びょうにん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is considered"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L110.pt1.01","source":"日本の観光は春が一番いい時期とされています。","translation":"Spring is considered the best season for sightseeing in Japan.","reading":"にほんのかんこうははるがいちばんいいじきとされています。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"観光","gloss":"sightseeing","reading":"かんこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"春","gloss":"spring","reading":"はる"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"best","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"時期","gloss":"season","reading":"じき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is considered"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L110.pt1.02","source":"この店の品物は高いものとされています。","translation":"The goods in this store are considered expensive.","reading":"このみせのしなものはたかいものとされています。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"店","gloss":"store","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"品物","gloss":"goods","reading":"しなもの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"things"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"are considered"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"are considered"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are considered"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are considered"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"are considered"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L110.pt1.03","source":"がんはなおらない病気とされています。","translation":"Cancer is considered an incurable disease.","reading":"がんはなおらないびょうきとされています。","words":[{"text":"がん","gloss":"cancer"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なおら","gloss":"incurable"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"incurable"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"disease","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is considered"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L110.pt1.04","source":"日光は外国人にもっともよく知られた名所の一つとされています。","translation":"Nikko is considered one of the sights best known to foreigners.","reading":"にっこうはがいこくじんにもっともよくしられためいしょのひとつとされています。","words":[{"text":"日光","gloss":"Nikko","reading":"にっこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreigners","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"人","gloss":"foreigners","reading":"じん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"もっとも","gloss":"most"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"知ら","gloss":"known","reading":"しら"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"known"},{"text":"た","gloss":"known"},{"text":"名所","gloss":"sights","reading":"めいしょ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is considered"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L110.pt1.05","source":"大阪は日本第一の工業都市とされています。","translation":"Osaka is considered Japan’s leading industrial city.","reading":"おおさかはにほんだいいちのこうぎょうとしとされています。","words":[{"text":"大阪","gloss":"Osaka","reading":"おおさか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan"},{"text":"第","gloss":"leading"},{"text":"一","gloss":"leading"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"工業","gloss":"industrial","reading":"こうぎょう"},{"text":"都市","gloss":"city","reading":"とし"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is considered"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L110.pt1.06","source":"日本では六月はつゆとされています。","translation":"In Japan, June is considered the rainy season.","reading":"にほんではろくがつはつゆとされています。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"六","gloss":"June","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"月","gloss":"June","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"つゆ","gloss":"rainy season"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is considered"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L110.pt1.07","source":"毎日少しずつ酒を飲む人はけんこうだとされています。","translation":"People who drink a little alcohol every day are considered healthy.","reading":"まいにちすこしずつさけをのむひとはけんこうだとされています。","words":[{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"ずつ","gloss":"each time"},{"text":"酒","gloss":"alcohol","reading":"さけ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"飲む","gloss":"drink","reading":"のむ"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"けんこう","gloss":"healthy"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"are"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"are considered"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"are considered"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are considered"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are considered"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"are considered"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.pt1.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"たばこ","gloss":"tobacco, cigarette"},{"word":"病人","gloss":"sick person, patient"},{"word":"春","gloss":"spring"},{"word":"店","gloss":"store, shop"},{"word":"日光","gloss":"Nikko, P.N,; sun’s ray"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"もっとも","gloss":"extremely, the most"},{"word":"名所","gloss":"famous places"},{"word":"都市","gloss":"city"},{"word":"六","gloss":"six"},{"word":"月","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"つゆ","gloss":"rainy season (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"毎日","gloss":"Mainichi Newspaper Co."},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"},{"word":"ずつ","gloss":"each (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"酒","gloss":"Sake, rice wine"},{"word":"けんこう","gloss":"health"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking what people consider best · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Asking about a judgment","paragraphs":["*日本語を習うのに何が一番必要だとされていますか* means \"What is considered most necessary for learning Japanese?\"","The question places the unknown item inside the description before *とされていますか*. An answer replaces it with the accepted choice."]},{"title":"A belief as a reason","paragraphs":["*大抵きりが深い時には降らないものとされていますから* means \"It is generally believed that it does not rain when the fog is thick.\"","Here the accepted belief gives the reason for the prediction that rain will not fall."]}],"lines":[{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L110.pt1.08","source":"自分のまごはかわいいものだとされています。","translation":"People consider their own grandchildren adorable.","reading":"じぶんのまごはかわいいものだとされています。","words":[{"text":"自分","gloss":"one's own","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"まご","gloss":"grandchildren"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かわいい","gloss":"adorable"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"are"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"are considered"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"are considered"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are considered"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are considered"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"are considered"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L110.pt1.09","source":"観光に一番いい時期は春とされていますね。","translation":"Spring is considered the best season for sightseeing, isn’t it?","reading":"かんこうにいちばんいいじきははるとされていますね。","words":[{"text":"観光","gloss":"sightseeing","reading":"かんこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"best","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"時期","gloss":"season","reading":"じき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"春","gloss":"spring","reading":"はる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L110.pt1.10","source":"ええ、しかし年よりの人には秋の方がいいそうですよ。","translation":"Yes, but they say autumn is better for older people.","reading":"ええ、しかしとしよりのひとにはあきのほうがいいそうですよ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"しかし","gloss":"but"},{"text":"年より","gloss":"older","reading":"としより"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"秋","gloss":"autumn","reading":"あき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"one","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"they say"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L110.pt1.11","source":"今日は雨が降るでしょうか。","translation":"Do you think it will rain today?","reading":"きょうはあめがふるでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"will rain","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L110.pt1.12","source":"きりが深いから降らないでしょう。大抵きりが深い時には降らないものとされていますから。","translation":"It probably won’t rain because the fog is thick. It is generally believed that it does not rain when the fog is thick.","reading":"きりがふかいからふらないでしょう。たいていきりがふかいときにはふらないものとされていますから。","words":[{"text":"きり","gloss":"fog"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"深い","gloss":"thick","reading":"ふかい"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"降ら","gloss":"rain","reading":"ふら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"きり","gloss":"fog"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"深い","gloss":"thick"},{"text":"時","gloss":"when"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"降ら","gloss":"rain","reading":"ふら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"is believed"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is believed"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is believed"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is believed"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is believed"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L110.pt1.13","source":"日本語を習うのに何が一番必要だとされていますか。","translation":"What is considered most necessary for learning Japanese?","reading":"にほんごをならうのになにがいちばんひつようだとされていますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習う","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"learning"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"必要","gloss":"necessary","reading":"ひつよう"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L110.pt1.14","source":"文形と言葉をおぼえる事が一番大切だとされていますね。","translation":"Learning sentence patterns and words is considered the most important thing, isn’t it?","reading":"ぶんけいとことばをおぼえることがいちばんたいせつだとされていますね。","words":[{"text":"文","gloss":"sentence patterns","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"形","gloss":"sentence patterns","reading":"けいとこ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"言葉","gloss":"words","reading":"ばを"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おぼえる","gloss":"memorize"},{"text":"事","gloss":"learning"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most"},{"text":"大切","gloss":"important"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L110.pt1.15","source":"安っぽい品物を買うとだめですね。","translation":"It is no good buying cheap-looking goods, is it?","reading":"やすっぽいしなものをかうとだめですね。","words":[{"text":"安っぽい","gloss":"cheap-looking","reading":"やすっぽい"},{"text":"品物","gloss":"goods","reading":"しなもの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buying","reading":"かう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"だめ","gloss":"no good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.pt1.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"自分","gloss":"self"},{"word":"かわいい","gloss":"dear, lovely, charming"},{"word":"しかし","gloss":"however, but"},{"word":"秋","gloss":"autumn, fall"},{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"降る","gloss":"to fall (rain) (v.i.)"},{"word":"きり","gloss":"fog"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"おぼえる","gloss":"to memorize, remember (v.t.)"},{"word":"安っぽい","gloss":"cheap"},{"word":"買う","gloss":"to buy"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Stating accepted qualities · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Qualities regarded as typical","paragraphs":["*安っぽい品物はこわれやすい物とされています* means \"Cheap-looking goods are considered easy to break.\"","The description before *とされています* presents ease of breaking as an accepted quality."]},{"title":"The products of an action","paragraphs":["*田中夫人の料理した物は何でも皆おいしいとされています* means \"Everything Mrs. Tanaka cooks is considered delicious.\"","Here *とされています* presents deliciousness as the accepted quality of everything she cooks."]}],"lines":[{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L110.pt1.16","source":"そうですよ。安っぽい品物はこわれやすい物とされています。","translation":"That’s right. Cheap-looking goods are considered easy to break.","reading":"そうですよ。やすっぽいしなものはこわれやすいものとされています。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"です","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"安っぽい","gloss":"cheap-looking","reading":"やすっぽい"},{"text":"品物","gloss":"goods","reading":"しなもの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"こわれ","gloss":"break easily"},{"text":"やすい","gloss":"break easily"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"are considered"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"are considered"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are considered"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are considered"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"are considered"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L110.pt1.17","source":"田中さんの奥さんは料理が上手ですね。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka’s wife is a good cook, isn’t she?","reading":"たなかさんのおくさんはりょうりがじょうずですね。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"料理","gloss":"cooking","reading":"りょうり"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"skilled","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"isn't she?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.pt1.17.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L110.pt1.18","source":"ええ、田中夫人の料理した物は何でも皆おいしいとされています。","translation":"Yes, everything Mrs. Tanaka cooks is considered delicious.","reading":"ええ、たなかふじんのりょうりしたものはなんでもみなおいしいとされています。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"夫人","gloss":"Mrs.","reading":"ふじん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"料理","gloss":"cooked","reading":"りょうり"},{"text":"し","gloss":"cooked"},{"text":"た","gloss":"cooked"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"everything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"も","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"おいしい","gloss":"delicious"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is considered"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L110.pt1.19","source":"体がじょうぶな人はめったにかぜを引かない。","translation":"People with strong constitutions seldom catch colds.","reading":"からだがじょうぶなひとはめったにかぜをひかない。","words":[{"text":"体","gloss":"constitution","reading":"からだ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"じょうぶ","gloss":"strong"},{"text":"な","gloss":"strong"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"めった","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"に","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"colds"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"引か","gloss":"do not catch","reading":"ひか"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"do not catch"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L110.pt1.20","source":"いい品物はねだんが高い。","translation":"Good-quality goods are expensive.","reading":"いいしなものはねだんがたかい。","words":[{"text":"いい","gloss":"good-quality"},{"text":"品物","gloss":"goods","reading":"しなもの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ねだん","gloss":"price"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"高い。","gloss":"high","reading":"たかい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.pt1.20.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L110.pt1.21","source":"日光は国立公園の一つです。","translation":"Nikko is one of the national parks.","reading":"にっこうはこくりつこうえんのひとつです。","words":[{"text":"日光","gloss":"Nikko","reading":"にっこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"national park","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"national park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.pt1.21.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L110.pt1.22","source":"春は観光に一番いい時期です。","translation":"Spring is the best season for sightseeing.","reading":"はるはかんこうにいちばんいいじきです。","words":[{"text":"春","gloss":"spring","reading":"はる"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"観光","gloss":"sightseeing","reading":"かんこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"best","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"best"},{"text":"時期","gloss":"season","reading":"じき"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.pt1.22.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L110.pt1.23","source":"安っぽい品物はこわれやすい。","translation":"Cheap-looking goods break easily.","reading":"やすっぽいしなものはこわれやすい。","words":[{"text":"安っぽい","gloss":"cheap-looking","reading":"やすっぽい"},{"text":"品物","gloss":"goods","reading":"しなもの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"こわれ","gloss":"break easily"},{"text":"やすい。","gloss":"break easily"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.pt1.23.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"やすい","gloss":"cheap"},{"word":"上手","gloss":"skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"おいしい","gloss":"tasty, delicious"},{"word":"体","gloss":"body, health"},{"word":"かぜ","gloss":"wind"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Kyoto palaces and pavilion history · Reading Selection 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Palaces and pavilion history","paragraphs":["These questions ask which Kyoto sights are essential, who built Nijō Detached Palace, and why it was built.","*金かく寺はいつほう火で焼けましたか* means \"When was the Golden Pavilion burned down by arson?\" An answer gives the year from the account."]}],"lines":[{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L110.rd.001","source":"京都を見物する時に、どうしても見なければならない所とされているのはどこですか。","translation":"What place is considered one of the places that you absolutely must see when sightseeing in Kyoto?","reading":"きょうとをけんぶつするときに、どうしてもみなければならないところとされているのはどこですか。","words":[{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見物","gloss":"sightseeing","reading":"けんぶつ"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"absolutely"},{"text":"し","gloss":"absolutely"},{"text":"て","gloss":"absolutely"},{"text":"も","gloss":"absolutely"},{"text":"見","gloss":"must see","reading":"み"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must see"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must see"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"must see"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"must see"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L110.rd.002","source":"その外見のがしてはならない所に何がありますか。","translation":"Besides that, what places must not be overlooked?","reading":"そのほかみのがしてはならないところになにがありますか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"外","gloss":"besides","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"見のがし","gloss":"must not overlook","reading":"みのがし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"must not overlook"},{"text":"は","gloss":"must not overlook"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"must not overlook"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"must not overlook"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L110.rd.003","source":"二条り宮はだれが建てたものですか。","translation":"Who built the Nijō Detached Palace?","reading":"にじょうりきゅうはだれがたてたものですか。","words":[{"text":"二","gloss":"Nijo Detached Palace","reading":"に"},{"text":"条","gloss":"Nijo Detached Palace","reading":"じょう"},{"text":"り","gloss":"Nijo Detached Palace"},{"text":"宮","gloss":"Nijo Detached Palace","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"建て","gloss":"built","reading":"たて"},{"text":"た","gloss":"built"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L110.rd.004","source":"何のために建てたものですか。","translation":"What was it built for?","reading":"なんのためにたてたものですか。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"purpose"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"建て","gloss":"was built","reading":"たて"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was built"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L110.rd.005","source":"二条り宮は何で有名ですか。","translation":"What is the Nijō Detached Palace famous for?","reading":"にじょうりきゅうはなんでゆうめいですか。","words":[{"text":"二","gloss":"Nijo Detached Palace","reading":"に"},{"text":"条","gloss":"Nijo Detached Palace","reading":"じょう"},{"text":"り","gloss":"Nijo Detached Palace"},{"text":"宮","gloss":"Nijo Detached Palace","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"for"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L110.rd.006","source":"金かく寺はいつほう火で焼けましたか。","translation":"When was the Golden Pavilion burned down by arson?","reading":"きんかくじはいつほうかでやけましたか。","words":[{"text":"金","gloss":"Golden Pavilion","reading":"きん"},{"text":"かく","gloss":"Golden Pavilion"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Golden Pavilion","reading":"じ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"arson"},{"text":"火","gloss":"arson","reading":"か"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"焼け","gloss":"was burned","reading":"やけ"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was burned"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was burned"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L110.rd.007","source":"再建されたのはいつですか。","translation":"When was it rebuilt?","reading":"さいけんされたのはいつですか。","words":[{"text":"再建","gloss":"was rebuilt","reading":"さいけん"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"was rebuilt"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was rebuilt"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was rebuilt"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.rd.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"に、","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"だれ","gloss":"who?"},{"word":"いつ","gloss":"when?"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Kyoto temple and shrine sights · Reading Selection 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Chion-in","paragraphs":["*有名なお寺にはどんなのがありますか* means \"What famous temples are there?\" One answer names *CHION-IN*.","*CHION-IN* is the grand headquarters of the *JOODO* sect. It is one of Japan's largest and most famous temples."]},{"title":"Kiyomizu Temple","paragraphs":["The temple answer also names *KIYOMIZU* Temple. It is dedicated to the eleven-faced *KANNON*.","Its main temple stands on a cliff with a wooden platform. The platform gives a view of Kyoto and its surrounding districts."]}],"lines":[{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L110.rd.008","source":"その金色の建物がいけに映ったながめはどうですか。","translation":"How is the view of the golden building reflected in the pond?","reading":"そのこんじきのたてものがいけにうつったながめはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"金色","gloss":"golden","reading":"こんじき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"建物","gloss":"building","reading":"たてもの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"pond"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"映っ","gloss":"reflected","reading":"うつっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"reflected"},{"text":"ながめ","gloss":"view"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L110.rd.009","source":"金かく寺の写真はたびたび映画で見る事が出来ますか。","translation":"Can pictures of the Golden Pavilion often be seen in movies?","reading":"きんかくじのしゃしんはたびたびえいがでみることができますか。","words":[{"text":"金","gloss":"Golden Pavilion","reading":"きん"},{"text":"かく","gloss":"Golden Pavilion"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Golden Pavilion","reading":"じ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"写真","gloss":"pictures","reading":"しゃしん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"たびたび","gloss":"often"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"seeing","reading":"みる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"seeing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L110.rd.010","source":"銀かく寺の写真はたびたび見ますか。","translation":"Do you often see pictures of the Silver Pavilion?","reading":"ぎんかくじのしゃしんはたびたびみますか。","words":[{"text":"銀","gloss":"Silver Pavilion","reading":"ぎん"},{"text":"かく","gloss":"Silver Pavilion"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Silver Pavilion","reading":"じ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"写真","gloss":"pictures","reading":"しゃしん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"たびたび","gloss":"often"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L110.rd.011","source":"これらの外に京都にはお寺や神社が沢山ありますか。","translation":"Besides these, are there many temples and shrines in Kyoto?","reading":"これらのほかにきょうとにはおてらやじんじゃがたくさんありますか。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"these"},{"text":"ら","gloss":"these"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"外","gloss":"besides","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"besides"},{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"お","gloss":"temples"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"temples","reading":"てら"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"神社","gloss":"shrines","reading":"じんじゃ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L110.rd.012","source":"有名なお寺にはどんなのがありますか。","translation":"What famous temples are there?","reading":"ゆうめいなおてらにはどんなのがありますか。","words":[{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"な","gloss":"famous"},{"text":"お","gloss":"temples"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"temples","reading":"てら"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.rd.012.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L110.rd.013","source":"有名な神社にはどんなのがありますか。","translation":"What famous shrines are there?","reading":"ゆうめいなじんじゃにはどんなのがありますか。","words":[{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"な","gloss":"famous"},{"text":"神社","gloss":"shrines","reading":"じんじゃ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.rd.013.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ながめ","gloss":"view (n)"},{"word":"たびたび","gloss":"often, frequently"},{"word":"映画","gloss":"movie"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Kyoto landmarks and their history · Questions","teaching":[{"title":"A hall of thirty-three spaces","paragraphs":["The account moves from palaces and pavilions to Kyoto's temples and shrines. Its temple list includes *三十三間堂*, Sanjūsangen-dō.","The name *SANJUU-SANGEN-DOO* comes from the 33 spaces between its pillars. The hall is a National Treasure.","Its chief image is an eight-foot thousand-handed *Kannon*. A thousand smaller *Kannon* accompany it."]}],"lines":[{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L110.q.001","source":"京都を見物する時にどうしても見なければならない所の一つとされているものに御所がありますが、その外見のがしてはならない所に金かく寺、銀かく寺、二条り宮などがあります。二条り宮は徳川家康が京都へ行った時に泊まる城として建てられたものですが、今日ではその建築と庭園で有名です。金かく寺は千九百五十年にほう火によって焼け、今日建っているものは千九百五十五年に再建されたものです。その金色の建物がいけに映ったながめはすばらしいものです。ですから、よく写真に","translation":"The Imperial Palace is considered one of the places that you absolutely must see when sightseeing in Kyoto, and other places that must not be overlooked include the Golden Pavilion, the Silver Pavilion, and the Nijō Detached Palace. The Nijō Detached Palace was built as a castle where Tokugawa Ieyasu could stay when he went to Kyoto, but today it is famous for its architecture and garden. The Golden Pavilion was burned down by arson in 1950, and the building standing today was rebuilt in 1955. The view of the golden building reflected in the pond is splendid. Therefore, it can often be seen in photographs","reading":"きょうとをけんぶつするときにどうしてもみなければならないところのひとつとされているものにごしょがありますが、そのほかみのがしてはならないところにきんかくじ、ぎんかくじ、にじょうりきゅうなどがあります。にじょうりきゅうはとくがわいえやすがきょうとへいったときにとまるしろとしてたてられたものですが、こんにちではそのけんちくとていえんでゆうめいです。きんかくじはせんきゅうひゃくごじゅうねんにほうかによってやけ、こんにちたっているものはせんきゅうひゃくごじゅうごねんにさいけんされたものです。そのこんじきのたてものがいけにうつったながめはすばらしいものです。ですから、よくしゃしんに","words":[{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見物","gloss":"sightseeing","reading":"けんぶつ"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"when"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"absolutely"},{"text":"し","gloss":"absolutely"},{"text":"て","gloss":"absolutely"},{"text":"も","gloss":"absolutely"},{"text":"見","gloss":"must see","reading":"み"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must see"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must see"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"must see"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"must see"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is considered"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"one"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"御所","gloss":"Imperial Palace","reading":"ごしょ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there is"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"there is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"外","gloss":"besides","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"見のがし","gloss":"must not overlook","reading":"みのがし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"must not overlook"},{"text":"は","gloss":"must not overlook"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"must not overlook"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"must not overlook"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"金","gloss":"Golden Pavilion","reading":"きん"},{"text":"かく","gloss":"Golden Pavilion"},{"text":"寺、","gloss":"Golden Pavilion","reading":"じ"},{"text":"銀","gloss":"Silver Pavilion","reading":"ぎん"},{"text":"かく","gloss":"Silver Pavilion"},{"text":"寺、","gloss":"Silver Pavilion"},{"text":"二","gloss":"Nijo Detached Palace"},{"text":"条","gloss":"Nijo Detached Palace"},{"text":"り","gloss":"Nijo Detached Palace"},{"text":"宮","gloss":"Nijo Detached Palace","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"など","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"二条","gloss":"Nijo Detached Palace","reading":"にじょう"},{"text":"り","gloss":"Nijo Detached Palace"},{"text":"宮","gloss":"Nijo Detached Palace","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"徳川","gloss":"Tokugawa","reading":"とくがわ"},{"text":"家康","gloss":"Ieyasu","reading":"いえやす"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"went","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"went"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"when"},{"text":"泊まる","gloss":"stay","reading":"とまる"},{"text":"城","gloss":"castle","reading":"しろ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"as"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"建て","gloss":"was built","reading":"たて"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"was built"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was built"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"こんにち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"建築","gloss":"architecture","reading":"けんちく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"庭園","gloss":"garden","reading":"ていえん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"for"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"金","gloss":"Golden Pavilion","reading":"きん"},{"text":"かく","gloss":"Golden Pavilion"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Golden Pavilion","reading":"じ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"千","gloss":"one thousand","reading":"せん"},{"text":"九百","gloss":"nine hundred","reading":"きゅうひゃく"},{"text":"五十","gloss":"fifty","reading":"ごじゅう"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"arson"},{"text":"火","gloss":"arson","reading":"か"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"by"},{"text":"て","gloss":"by"},{"text":"焼け、","gloss":"burned"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"text":"建っ","gloss":"standing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"standing"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"standing"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"千","gloss":"one thousand","reading":"せん"},{"text":"九百","gloss":"nine hundred","reading":"きゅうひゃく"},{"text":"五十","gloss":"fifty","reading":"ごじゅう"},{"text":"五","gloss":"five","reading":"ご"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"再建","gloss":"was rebuilt","reading":"さいけん"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"was rebuilt"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was rebuilt"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was rebuilt"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"金色","gloss":"golden","reading":"こんじき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"建物","gloss":"building","reading":"たてもの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"pond"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"映っ","gloss":"reflected","reading":"うつっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"reflected"},{"text":"ながめ","gloss":"view"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"すばらしい","gloss":"splendid"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"often"},{"text":"写真","gloss":"photographs","reading":"しゃしん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.q.001.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L110.q.002","source":"見る事が出来ます。銀かく寺は古びて、金かく寺ほど美しくはないのです。ですから、銀かく寺の写真はほとんど見る事が出来ません。これらの外に京都にはお寺や神社が沢山あります。昔の平安京の外側は寺ばかりと言ってもいいくらいです。有名なお寺にはちおん院、きよ水寺、東本願寺、西本願寺、三十三間堂などがあり、神社には平安神宮、八坂神社、ほう国神社などがあります。","translation":"and movies. The Silver Pavilion is old and not as beautiful as the Golden Pavilion. Therefore, pictures of the Silver Pavilion can hardly ever be seen. Besides these, there are many temples and shrines in Kyoto. It could almost be said that the outskirts of the old capital of Heian were nothing but temples. Famous temples include Chion-in, Kiyomizu-dera, Higashi Honganji, Nishi Honganji, and Sanjūsangen-dō, and shrines include Heian Shrine, Yasaka Shrine, and Hōkoku Shrine.","reading":"みることができます。ぎんかくじはふるびて、きんかくじほどうつくしくはないのです。ですから、ぎんかくじのしゃしんはほとんどみることができません。これらのほかにきょうとにはおてらやじんじゃがたくさんあります。むかしのへいあんきょうのそとがわはてらばかりといってもいいくらいです。ゆうめいなおてらにはちおんいん、きよみずでら、ひがしほんがんじ、にしほんがんじ、さんじゅうさんげんどうなどがあり、じんじゃにはへいあんじんぐう、やさかじんじゃ、ほうこくじんじゃなどがあります。","words":[{"text":"見る","gloss":"seeing","reading":"みる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"seeing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"銀","gloss":"Silver Pavilion","reading":"ぎん"},{"text":"かく","gloss":"Silver Pavilion"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Silver Pavilion","reading":"じ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"古び","gloss":"looks old","reading":"ふるび"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"looks old"},{"text":"金","gloss":"Golden Pavilion","reading":"きん"},{"text":"かく","gloss":"Golden Pavilion"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Golden Pavilion","reading":"じ"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"美しく","gloss":"beautiful","reading":"うつくしく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"contrast"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"銀","gloss":"Silver Pavilion","reading":"ぎん"},{"text":"かく","gloss":"Silver Pavilion"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Silver Pavilion","reading":"じ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"写真","gloss":"pictures","reading":"しゃしん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ほとんど","gloss":"hardly ever"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"seeing","reading":"みる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"seeing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"cannot"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"cannot"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"these"},{"text":"ら","gloss":"these"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"外","gloss":"besides","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"besides"},{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"お","gloss":"temples"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"temples","reading":"てら"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"神社","gloss":"shrines","reading":"じんじゃ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"昔","gloss":"old","reading":"むかし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"平安","gloss":"Heian capital","reading":"へいあん"},{"text":"京","gloss":"Heian capital","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"外側","gloss":"outskirts","reading":"そとがわ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"temples","reading":"てら"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"nothing but"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"could be said","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"could be said"},{"text":"も","gloss":"could be said"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"could be said"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"almost"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"な","gloss":"famous"},{"text":"お","gloss":"temples"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"temples","reading":"てら"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ち","gloss":"Chion-in Temple"},{"text":"おん","gloss":"Chion-in Temple"},{"text":"院、","gloss":"Chion-in Temple","reading":"いん"},{"text":"きよ","gloss":"Kiyomizu Temple"},{"text":"水","gloss":"Kiyomizu Temple"},{"text":"寺、","gloss":"Kiyomizu Temple"},{"text":"東","gloss":"Higashi Honganji"},{"text":"本願","gloss":"Higashi Honganji"},{"text":"寺、","gloss":"Higashi Honganji"},{"text":"西","gloss":"Nishi Honganji"},{"text":"本願","gloss":"Nishi Honganji"},{"text":"寺、","gloss":"Nishi Honganji"},{"text":"三十","gloss":"Sanjusangendo Hall"},{"text":"三","gloss":"Sanjusangendo Hall"},{"text":"間","gloss":"Sanjusangendo Hall"},{"text":"堂","gloss":"Sanjusangendo Hall"},{"text":"など","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり、","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"神社","gloss":"shrines","reading":"じんじゃ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"平安","gloss":"Heian Shrine","reading":"へいあん"},{"text":"神宮、","gloss":"Heian Shrine","reading":"じんぐう"},{"text":"八坂","gloss":"Yasaka Shrine","reading":"やさか"},{"text":"神社、","gloss":"Yasaka Shrine","reading":"じんじゃ"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"Hokoku Shrine"},{"text":"国","gloss":"Hokoku Shrine","reading":"こく"},{"text":"神社","gloss":"Hokoku Shrine","reading":"じんじゃ"},{"text":"など","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"there are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.q.002.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ほど","gloss":"to the extent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"くらい","gloss":"dark"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Pavilions, palaces and fortifications · Word list 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Palaces and castle features","paragraphs":["This field covers Kyoto's pavilions, palaces, shoguns, and castle features.","*二条り宮* means \"Nijō Detached Palace,\" while *ほり* means \"moat\" or \"pond.\"","*--とされている* means \"considered to be\" or \"regarded as.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.001","source":"--とされている","translation":"considered to be--; regarded as, (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"--とされている","words":[{"text":"--とされている","gloss":"considered to be"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.001.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.002","source":"見のがす","translation":"overlook (v.t.)","reading":"みのがす","words":[{"text":"見のがす","gloss":"overlook","reading":"みのがす"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.002.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.003","source":"金かく寺","translation":"Golden Pavilion","reading":"きんかくじ","words":[{"text":"金かく寺","gloss":"Golden Pavilion","reading":"きんかくじ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.003.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.004","source":"銀かく寺","translation":"Silver Pavilion","reading":"ぎんかくじ","words":[{"text":"銀かく寺","gloss":"Silver Pavilion","reading":"ぎんかくじ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.004.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.005","source":"二条り宮","translation":"Nijo Detached Palace","reading":"にじょうりきゅう","words":[{"text":"二条り宮","gloss":"Nijo Detached Palace","reading":"にじょうりきゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.005.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.006","source":"一部をなす","translation":"constitute a portion of","reading":"いちぶをなす","words":[{"text":"一部をなす","gloss":"constitute a portion","reading":"いちぶをなす"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.006.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.007","source":"---をなす","translation":"composed of; be the component of","reading":"---をなす","words":[{"text":"---をなす","gloss":"be composed of"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.007.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.008","source":"後","translation":"after; afterwards","reading":"のち","words":[{"text":"後","gloss":"afterwards","reading":"のち"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.008.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.009","source":"将軍","translation":"shogun, general; generalissimo","reading":"しょうぐん","words":[{"text":"将軍","gloss":"shogun","reading":"しょうぐん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.009.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.010","source":"ほり","translation":"moat; pond","reading":"ほり","words":[{"text":"ほり","gloss":"moat"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.010.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.011","source":"二条城","translation":"Nijo Castle (another name for the Nijo Detached Palace (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"にじょうじょう","words":[{"text":"二条城","gloss":"Nijo Castle","reading":"にじょうじょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.011.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"--とされている","gloss":"considered to be--; regarded as, (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"見のがす","gloss":"overlook (v.t.)"},{"word":"金かく寺","gloss":"Golden Pavilion"},{"word":"銀かく寺","gloss":"Silver Pavilion"},{"word":"二条り宮","gloss":"Nijo Detached Palace"},{"word":"一部をなす","gloss":"constitute a portion of"},{"word":"---をなす","gloss":"composed of; be the component of"},{"word":"二条城","gloss":"Nijo Castle (another name for the Nijo Detached Palace (See Cult. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Reflections, arson and contrasts · Word list 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Change and contrast","paragraphs":["This field covers reflections, arson, contrast, age, and unfinished construction.","*映る* means \"be reflected,\" and *それに反して* means \"in contrast to that.\"","*中と* means \"midway.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.012","source":"映る","translation":"be reflected; cast shadow (v.i.)","reading":"うつる","words":[{"text":"映る","gloss":"be reflected","reading":"うつる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.012.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.013","source":"ほう火（する）","translation":"arson (commit arson)","reading":"ほうか（する）","words":[{"text":"ほう火（する）","gloss":"arson","reading":"ほうか（する）"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.013.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.014","source":"道理で","translation":"no wonder; natural -- that","reading":"どうりで","words":[{"text":"道理で","gloss":"no wonder","reading":"どうりで"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.014.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.015","source":"道理","translation":"reason; logic","reading":"どうり","words":[{"text":"道理","gloss":"reason","reading":"どうり"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.015.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.016","source":"それに反して","translation":"in contrast to that; contrarily","reading":"それにはんして","words":[{"text":"それに反して","gloss":"in contrast","reading":"それにはんして"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.016.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.017","source":"古びる","translation":"appear old; be worn down","reading":"ふるびる","words":[{"text":"古びる","gloss":"appear old","reading":"ふるびる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.017.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.018","source":"もとの","translation":"original","reading":"もとの","words":[{"text":"もとの","gloss":"original"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.018.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.019","source":"それは又どうして","translation":"Why is that?","reading":"それはまたどうして","words":[{"text":"それは又どうして","gloss":"why is that?","reading":"それはまたどうして"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.019.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.020","source":"中と","translation":"middle, midway, halfway","reading":"なかと","words":[{"text":"中と","gloss":"halfway","reading":"なかと"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.020.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.021","source":"かんぜんに","translation":"completely","reading":"かんぜんに","words":[{"text":"かんぜんに","gloss":"completely"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.021.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.022","source":"かんぜん","translation":"complete; perfect (N)","reading":"かんぜん","words":[{"text":"かんぜん","gloss":"complete"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"映る","gloss":"be reflected; cast shadow (v.i.)"},{"word":"ほう火（する）","gloss":"arson (commit arson)"},{"word":"道理で","gloss":"no wonder; natural -- that"},{"word":"それに反して","gloss":"in contrast to that; contrarily"},{"word":"古びる","gloss":"appear old; be worn down"},{"word":"もとの","gloss":"original"},{"word":"それは又どうして","gloss":"Why is that?"},{"word":"中と","gloss":"middle, midway, halfway"},{"word":"かんぜんに","gloss":"completely"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Temple and shrine names · Word list 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Temples and shrines","paragraphs":["This field names Kyoto's principal temples and shrines, the old capital, and the color gold.","*ちおん院* means \"Chion-in temple,\" and *平安神宮* means \"Heian Shrine.\"","*平安京* means \"Heian capital.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.023","source":"ちおん院","translation":"Chion-in temple (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"ちおんいん","words":[{"text":"ちおん院","gloss":"Chion-in Temple","reading":"ちおんいん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.023.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.024","source":"きよ水寺","translation":"Kiyomizu temple (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"きよみずでら","words":[{"text":"きよ水寺","gloss":"Kiyomizu Temple","reading":"きよみずでら"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.024.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.025","source":"東本願寺","translation":"Higashi Honganji Temple (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"ひがしほんがんじ","words":[{"text":"東本願寺","gloss":"Higashi Honganji Temple","reading":"ひがしほんがんじ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.025.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.026","source":"西本願寺","translation":"Nishi Honganji Temple (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"にしほんがんじ","words":[{"text":"西本願寺","gloss":"Nishi Honganji Temple","reading":"にしほんがんじ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.026.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.027","source":"三十三間堂","translation":"Sanjusangendo Hall (“of Buddha”) See Cult. Notes)","reading":"さんじゅうさんげんどう","words":[{"text":"三十三間堂","gloss":"Sanjusangendo Hall","reading":"さんじゅうさんげんどう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.027.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.028","source":"平安京","translation":"Heian capital","reading":"へいあんきょう","words":[{"text":"平安京","gloss":"Heian capital","reading":"へいあんきょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.028.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.029","source":"神社","translation":"shrine","reading":"じんじゃ","words":[{"text":"神社","gloss":"shrine","reading":"じんじゃ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.029.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.030","source":"平安神宮","translation":"Heian Jingu (Shrine) (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"へいあんじんぐう","words":[{"text":"平安神宮","gloss":"Heian Shrine","reading":"へいあんじんぐう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.030.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.031","source":"八坂神社","translation":"Yasaka Jinja (Shrine) (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"やさかじんじゃ","words":[{"text":"八坂神社","gloss":"Yasaka Shrine","reading":"やさかじんじゃ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.031.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.032","source":"ほう国神社","translation":"Hookoku Jinja (Shrine)","reading":"ほうこくじんじゃ","words":[{"text":"ほう国神社","gloss":"Hokoku Shrine","reading":"ほうこくじんじゃ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.032.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L110.w.033","source":"金色の","translation":"golden colored","reading":"きんいろの","words":[{"text":"金色の","gloss":"golden colored","reading":"きんいろの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L110.w.033.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":11,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\n1 Topic titles:\n\n1(a) Plan a trip to Kyoto with your friend and converse with him covering the following points.\n\n1(a)(1) The NIJOO Detached Palace\n\n1(a)(2) The Golden Pavilion\n\n1(a)(3) The Silver Pavilion\n\n1(a)(4) Temples that you have to see\n\n1(a)(5) Famous shrines\n\n2(a) Visual Cues: Look at the map on Page 236 and discuss the points of interest.\n\n2(b) Look at the pictures on Page 237 to 240 and talk about them."},{"section":12,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.\n\n2 Study the Grammar Perception Drill.\n\n3 Study the Pattern Practice and do the exercise at the end of each pattern.\n\n4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.\n\n5 Read the Explanatory Notes.\n\n6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ちおん院","gloss":"Chion-in temple (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"きよ水寺","gloss":"Kiyomizu temple (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"東本願寺","gloss":"Higashi Honganji Temple (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"西本願寺","gloss":"Nishi Honganji Temple (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"三十三間堂","gloss":"Sanjusangendo Hall (“of Buddha”) See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"平安京","gloss":"Heian Capital"},{"word":"平安神宮","gloss":"Heian Jingu (Shrine) (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"八坂神社","gloss":"Yasaka Jinja (Shrine) (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"ほう国神社","gloss":"Hookoku Jinja (Shrine)"},{"word":"金色の","gloss":"golden colored"}],"paradigms":[]}]}