{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L111","title":"Lesson 111","stage":"Reading Japan","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 111: japanese gardens around kyoto · dialogue 1 of 6, dry gardens and river rapids · dialogue 2 of 6, the gion festival parade · dialogue 3 of 6, festival costumes and mountain travel · dialogue 4 of 6, lake biwa views and boats · dialogue 5 of 6, travelling from kyoto to osaka · dialogue 6 of 6, reporting what you heard · perception drill, reporting information by source · pattern 1 1 of 3, discussing reports and observations · pattern 1 2 of 3, matching sources with reports · pattern 1 3 of 3, kyoto gardens, festivals, gardens and landscape design · word list 1 of 4, rivers, festival floats and costumes · word list 3 of 4, lake travel.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/109","lines":126},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/108","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/110","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Japanese gardens around Kyoto · Dialogue 1 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"Gardens around Kyoto","paragraphs":["Two speakers discuss the many kinds of gardens around Kyoto. *京都市の 西南の かつらり宮の 庭園は 大変 有名です* means \"The Katsura Detached Palace Garden in southwest Kyoto is very famous.\"","The villa stands between the Katsura River and the Nishiyama Hills. Its garden presents a front view from every position."]},{"title":"According to what I hear","paragraphs":["*聞く ところによると、米国でも このごろは 日本風の 庭が このまれて いるとか* reports that Japanese-style gardens are preferred in the United States.","Here *聞く ところによると* presents the statement as information the speaker has heard."]},{"title":"Kanji: 派, 修","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 庭","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.001","source":"銀かく寺の 庭園は ずい分 立派だと おっしゃいましたが、京都は 大体に 庭で 有名ですね。","translation":"You told me that the garden of the Silver Pavilion is splendid, but generally speaking, Kyoto is famous for gardens, isn’t it?","reading":"ぎんかくじのていえんはずいぶんりっぱだとおっしゃいましたが、きょうとはだいたいににわでゆうめいですね。","words":[{"text":"銀","gloss":"Silver Pavilion","reading":"ぎん"},{"text":"かく","gloss":"Silver Pavilion"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Silver Pavilion","reading":"じ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"庭園","gloss":"garden","reading":"ていえん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"very","reading":"ずいぶん"},{"text":"立派","gloss":"splendid","reading":"りっぱ"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"おっしゃい","gloss":"said"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大体","gloss":"generally","reading":"だいたい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"speaking"},{"text":"庭","gloss":"gardens","reading":"にわ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"for"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.002","source":"そうです。聞く ところによると、米国でも このごろは 日本風の 庭が このまれて いるとか。","translation":"Yes it is. According to what I hear, I understand that Japanese-style gardens are preferred these days even in the United States, is that right?","reading":"そうです。きくところによると、べいこくでもこのごろはにほんふうのにわがこのまれているとか。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"聞く","gloss":"hear","reading":"きく"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"このごろ","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"風","gloss":"style"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"庭","gloss":"gardens","reading":"にわ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"このま","gloss":"are preferred"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"are preferred"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are preferred"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are preferred"},{"text":"と","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.003","source":"そうです。はやっていますね。","translation":"You are right. They surely are popular.","reading":"そうです。はやっていますね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"はやっ","gloss":"are popular"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are popular"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are popular"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are popular"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.004","source":"そう聞きました。まあ 庭と 言っても 種々 あります。水が ある 庭と ない 庭、山が ある 庭と ない 庭と 言う風にね。","translation":"That’s what I heard. Speaking of gardens, there are all kinds, like gardens that have water, gardens that don’t have water, gardens that have mountains, and gardens that don’t have mountains, etc.","reading":"そうききました。まあにわといってもしゅじゅあります。みずがあるにわとないにわ、やまがあるにわとないにわというふうにね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that"},{"text":"聞き","gloss":"heard","reading":"きき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"},{"text":"まあ","gloss":"well"},{"text":"庭","gloss":"gardens","reading":"にわ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"speaking","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"speaking"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"種々","gloss":"various kinds","reading":"しゅじゅ"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"水","gloss":"water","reading":"みず"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"have"},{"text":"庭","gloss":"gardens","reading":"にわ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"without"},{"text":"庭、","gloss":"gardens","reading":"にわ"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountains","reading":"やま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"have"},{"text":"庭","gloss":"gardens","reading":"にわ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"without"},{"text":"庭","gloss":"gardens","reading":"にわ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called"},{"text":"風","gloss":"manner"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you know"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.005","source":"で、京都では どの 庭が 有名ですか。","translation":"Then, what garden is famous in Kyoto?","reading":"で、きょうとではどのにわがゆうめいですか。","words":[{"text":"で、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"which"},{"text":"庭","gloss":"garden","reading":"にわ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.006","source":"京都市の 西南の かつらり宮の 庭園は 大変 有名です。それから、醍醐寺の 三宝院、修学院などは 山水の 庭です。","translation":"The Katsura Detached Palace Garden in the southwest of Kyoto is very famous. Then, the Sambooin of Daigo Temple and Shuugakuin are landscape gardens.","reading":"きょうとしのせいなんのかつらりきゅうのていえんはたいへんゆうめいです。それから、だいごじのさんぼういん、しゅうがくいんなどはさんすいのにわです。","words":[{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"市","gloss":"city","reading":"し"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"西南","gloss":"southwest","reading":"せいなん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"かつら","gloss":"Katsura Palace"},{"text":"り","gloss":"Katsura Palace"},{"text":"宮","gloss":"Katsura Palace","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"庭園","gloss":"garden","reading":"ていえん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"醍醐","gloss":"Daigo Temple","reading":"だいご"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Daigo Temple","reading":"じ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"三宝","gloss":"Samboin"},{"text":"院、","gloss":"Samboin"},{"text":"修学","gloss":"Shugakuin"},{"text":"院","gloss":"Shugakuin"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"山水","gloss":"landscape","reading":"さんすい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"庭","gloss":"gardens","reading":"にわ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"---TOKORO NI YORU TO Following the basic form of verbs, both past and non-past, TOKORO NI YORU TO expresses the meaning of \"according to what I (verb).\" In many cases, sentences using TOKORO NI YORU TO are concluded with an expression TO KA, which has a similar meaning as SOO DESU.\n\nExamples:\n\nYUUJIN KARA KIKU TOKORO NI YORU TO. \"According to what I hear from my friend.\"\n\nWATAKUSHI NO MITA TOKORO NI YORU TO. \"According to what I saw.\"\n\nKARE NO ITTA TOKORO NI YORU TO. \"According to what he said.\"\n\nZASSHI DE YONDA TOKORO NI YORU TO. \"According to what I read in a magazine.\"\n\nGAKKOO DE NARATTA TOKORO NI YORU TO. \"According to what I learned in school.\"\n\nWATAKUSHI NO SHITTE IRU TOKORO NI YORU TO. \"According to what I know.\"\n\nNoun plus NI YORU TO has been introduced in Lesson 74.\n\nRAJIO NI YORU TO. \"According to the radio.\"\n\nSHIMBUN NI YORU TO. \"According to the newspaper.\""},{"section":2,"text":"1 KATSURA RIKYUU It is situated between the Katsura River and Nishiyama Hills in the outskirts of the city. It was built by order of TOYOTOMI HIDEYOSHI (1536-1598). The house and garden are in quiet, beautiful surroundings, with views of Arashiyama and the Kameyama Hills. It is generally said that they were designed by Kobori Enshu (1579-1647) and represent the highest achievements of his art. The work was commenced in 1590 on a small scale, which was increased afterwards, and the whole is an example of typical Japanese landscape gardening. One peculiarity of the garden is that it is so planned that wherever the visitor stands he apparently sees the front view and never feels that he is taking a wrong position to enjoy the beauties of the landscape. The villa was taken over by the Imperial Household in 1883 and great pains have been taken since then to preserve the original structure."},{"section":3,"text":"RYOOANJI Temple It was founded in 1473 by Hosokawa Katsumoto whose tomb is in the temple grounds. It is noted for its marvelous rock garden, which contains no trees, and is regarded as one of the masterpieces of Sooami, who was greatly influenced by Zen philosophy. Its simplicity is, however, so extreme that it is not thoroughly appreciated by amateurs, who see in it merely a flat space strewn with white sand, with several oddly shaped stones placed here and there."},{"section":4,"text":"3 ARASHIYAMA It is popularly called RANZAN, and it is an extremely beautiful spot believed to contain within its limited area all the beauties of nature. The beauty of the spot lies in the varied vegetation of the hillside facing the river, large pines being interspersed with innumerable cherry and maple trees, which in their respective seasons make the place exquisitely beautiful. The cherry trees were transplanted from Yoshino in the latter part of the 13th century. The proper name of Arashiyama Park is Kameyama Park because of its association with Emperor Kameyama. Along the bank of the river below the park there are several fine inns and restaurants, one with a mineral spring bath, where excursion boats may be hired."},{"section":5,"text":"ENRYAKUJI Temple It is located in groves of Japanese cypress trees on the summit of Mt. HIEI. From the historical as well as the religious standpoint, the Enryakuji is one of the most important temples in this country. It was founded in 788 by DENGYOO DAISHI, the distinguished founder of the TENDAI sect, by order of the Emperor Kammu. The object of its foundation was to protect the new capital from evil spirits which were supposed to come from the northeast. Later, however, it proved more of an affliction than a blessing, as the great monastery which developed from a small beginning became filled with turbulent monks clad in armor, who made frequent raids on the city and sometimes threatened the Imperial Palace. These troublesome monks were finally dispersed by Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582), who destroyed the temple buildings completely. Although the monastery was restored in the time of Hideyoshi and was greatly enlarged by the third Tokugawa Shoogun Iemitsu, the priests never again assumed their old warlike character."},{"section":6,"text":"GION Festival Gion Festival dates back to 876, when the head priest of the shrine assembled a large number of men and women, and formed a procession with decorated shrine-cars as a means of seeking the protection of the gods against a pestilence that was ravaging the city. On July 17 and 24, a procession of gorgeously decorated floats parade the principal streets of the city. There are two kinds of decorated floats, the YAMA and the HOKO. The YAMA is carried on the shoulders of a number of men by means of long poles and contains a figure or figures tastefully arranged with beautiful decorations. The HOKO is a kind of ornamental tower placed on four massive, wooden wheels and beautifully decorated. The ceremony begins with the washing of the shrine-cars (MIKOSHI-ARAI)."},{"section":7,"text":"JIDAI MATSURI This festival is held annually on October 22. The chief feature of this festival is an interesting procession. It passes through the city, composed of groups dressed to represent important epochs in the history of Kyoto. Some of the subjects represented are the Shoogun’s suite when he visited the Imperial Palace, a procession of Court Nobles in the Fujiwara Period (897-1185), the triumphal return of General Sakanoue-no-Tamuramaro (758-811) after his successful campaign in the northeast provinces, etc."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"銀","gloss":"silver"},{"word":"かく","gloss":"each (prefix)"},{"word":"寺","gloss":"Buddhist temple"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"ずい分","gloss":"very much"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"庭","gloss":"garden; yard"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"ところ","gloss":"place (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"も","gloss":"as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"風","gloss":"manner; way; appear-ance; kind; sort"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"い","gloss":"stomach"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"まあ","gloss":"Well! Oh, my!"},{"word":"水","gloss":"water"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"山","gloss":"mountain"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"どの","gloss":"which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)"},{"word":"西南","gloss":"southwest"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"山水","gloss":"landscape; copying water and mountains; landscape painting"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Dry gardens and river rapids · Dialogue 2 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"Rocks and sand","paragraphs":["*石や 砂を 使っています* means \"Rocks and sand are used.\" The speakers describe dry gardens at *竜安寺* and *大徳寺*.","The rock garden at *RYOOANJI* contains no trees. White sand and several stones form its plain design."]},{"title":"A river excursion","paragraphs":["*嵐山、それから、保津川の 急流を 舟でくだるのも 面白いです* presents two scenic excursions: Arashiyama and a boat trip down the Hozu River rapids.","Pines, cherry trees, and maple trees cover the hillside facing the river at *ARASHIYAMA*. Excursion boats may be hired along the riverbank."]},{"title":"Kanji: 池, 津","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.007","source":"その 庭には 池や 小さな 川の 流れが あるのですか。","translation":"Have those gardens a pond and a small stream?","reading":"そのにわにはいけやちいさなかわのながれがあるのですか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"those"},{"text":"庭","gloss":"gardens","reading":"にわ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"池","gloss":"ponds","reading":"いけ"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"小さな","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさな"},{"text":"川","gloss":"river","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"流れ","gloss":"stream","reading":"ながれ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"have"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.008","source":"そうです。水の ない 庭では 竜安寺、大徳寺などの 庭が 有名です。","translation":"That’s right. As for dry gardens, the gardens of Ryooanji and Daitokuji are famous.","reading":"そうです。みずのないにわではりょうあんじ、だいとくじなどのにわがゆうめいです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"水","gloss":"water","reading":"みず"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"without"},{"text":"庭","gloss":"gardens","reading":"にわ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"竜安","gloss":"Ryoanji Temple"},{"text":"寺、","gloss":"Ryoanji Temple"},{"text":"大徳","gloss":"Daitokuji Temple"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Daitokuji Temple"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"庭","gloss":"gardens","reading":"にわ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.009","source":"何で 山や 水を 現わしていますか。","translation":"The mountains and water are represented by what?","reading":"なんでやまやみずをあらわしていますか。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountains","reading":"やま"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"水","gloss":"water","reading":"みず"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"現わし","gloss":"represent","reading":"あらわし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"represent"},{"text":"い","gloss":"represent"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"represent"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.010","source":"石や 砂を 使っています。大きな 石が 二つ ならんで 立っているのが 山と たきを 現わし、それから、砂を かいて、なみの 様に 見せるのです。","translation":"Rocks and sand are used. Two large rocks standing side by side represent a mountain and a waterfall, and by raking the sand makes it look like waves.","reading":"いしやすなをつかっています。おおきないしがふたつならんでたっているのがやまとたきをあらわし、それから、すなをかいて、なみのようにみせるのです。","words":[{"text":"石","gloss":"rocks","reading":"いし"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"砂","gloss":"sand","reading":"すな"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"使っ","gloss":"use","reading":"つかっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"use"},{"text":"い","gloss":"use"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"use"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"石","gloss":"rocks","reading":"いし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"ふた"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"two"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"lined up"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"lined up"},{"text":"で","gloss":"lined up"},{"text":"立っ","gloss":"standing","reading":"たっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"standing"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"standing"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountain","reading":"やま"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"たき","gloss":"waterfall"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"現わし、","gloss":"represent","reading":"あらわし"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"砂","gloss":"sand","reading":"すな"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かい","gloss":"rake"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"rake"},{"text":"なみ","gloss":"waves"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"様","gloss":"appearance","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"見せる","gloss":"make look","reading":"みせる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.011","source":"その 外 景色の よい 所も ありますか。","translation":"Are there other scenic spots?","reading":"そのほかけしきのよいところもありますか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"外","gloss":"besides","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"景色","gloss":"scenery","reading":"けしき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.012","source":"嵐山、それから、保津川の 急流を 舟でくだるのも 面白いです。","translation":"There is Arashiyama and it is also interesting to shoot down the rapids of Hozugawa in a boat.","reading":"あらしやま、それから、ほづがわのきゅうりゅうをふねでくだるのもおもしろいです。","words":[{"text":"嵐山、","gloss":"Arashiyama","reading":"あらしやま"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"保津","gloss":"Hozu River","reading":"ほづ"},{"text":"川","gloss":"Hozu River","reading":"がわ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"急流","gloss":"rapids","reading":"きゅうりゅう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"舟","gloss":"boat","reading":"ふね"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"くだる","gloss":"go downstream"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"面白い","gloss":"interesting","reading":"おもしろい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"小さな","gloss":"small (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"川","gloss":"river"},{"word":"流れ","gloss":"current; flow"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"寺、","gloss":"Buddhist temple"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"石","gloss":"rock, stone"},{"word":"砂","gloss":"sand"},{"word":"大きな","gloss":"big, large (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"なら","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"たき","gloss":"waterfall"},{"word":"かい","gloss":"counter meaning ”time” (frequency)"},{"word":"なみ","gloss":"wave"},{"word":"見せる","gloss":"to show (v.t.)"},{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"},{"word":"嵐山、","gloss":"P.N. in Kyoto"},{"word":"急流","gloss":"rapid; swift current"},{"word":"舟","gloss":"boat"},{"word":"くだる","gloss":"go downstream (v.i.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"The Gion Festival parade · Dialogue 3 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"Two kinds of festival float","paragraphs":["The speakers discuss the Gion Festival. *七月の 十七日と 二十四日です* gives the two parade dates: July 17 and 24.","The parade has two kinds of decorated float. The *YAMA* is carried by men, while the *HOKO* is a tower on four wooden wheels.","The line *この お祭の ほことか 山は 芸術品としても 有名です* says the floats are also famous as art objects."]},{"title":"Kanji: 祭","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 行","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.013","source":"祇園と 言うのは 何ですか。","translation":"What is so-called ”Gion?","reading":"ぎおんというのはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"祇園","gloss":"Gion","reading":"ぎおん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.014","source":"祇園と 言うのは 京都の 一つの 町の 名です。かんらくがいです。","translation":"Gion is a district in the city of Kyoto. It is a gay district.","reading":"ぎおんというのはきょうとのひとつのまちのなです。かんらくがいです。","words":[{"text":"祇園","gloss":"Gion","reading":"ぎおん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"町","gloss":"district","reading":"まち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"名","gloss":"name","reading":"な"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"かん","gloss":"pleasure district"},{"text":"らく","gloss":"pleasure district"},{"text":"が","gloss":"pleasure district"},{"text":"い","gloss":"pleasure district"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.015","source":"祇園祭と 言うのは よく 聞きますが、","translation":"I often hear of the Gion Festival, but ---","reading":"ぎおんまつりというのはよくききますが、","words":[{"text":"祇園","gloss":"Gion Festival","reading":"ぎおん"},{"text":"祭","gloss":"Gion Festival","reading":"まつり"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"often"},{"text":"聞き","gloss":"hear","reading":"きき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.016","source":"あれは 大変 にぎやかな 祭です。その 時には、にぎやかな 行列が あります。ほこと 言う車は 大きなもので ほこさおの さきまでの 高さは 四十メートルも あるものです。それを 十九ぐらい ひっぱって 行列します。","translation":"It is a very gay festival. They have a gay parade at that time. A cart called HOKO is a big thing and the height of it to the tip of the spear pole is as high as forty meters. They parade pulling about nineteen of them.","reading":"あれはたいへんにぎやかなまつりです。そのときには、にぎやかなぎょうれつがあります。ほこというくるまはおおきなものでほこさおのさきまでのたかさはよんじゅうメートルもあるものです。それをじゅうきゅうぐらいひっぱってぎょうれつします。","words":[{"text":"あれ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"にぎやか","gloss":"lively"},{"text":"な","gloss":"lively"},{"text":"祭","gloss":"festival","reading":"まつり"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"にぎやか","gloss":"lively"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"行列","gloss":"parade","reading":"ぎょうれつ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ほ","gloss":"Hoko float"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"Hoko float"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"cart","reading":"くるま"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ほ","gloss":"spear pole"},{"text":"こ","gloss":"spear pole"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"spear pole"},{"text":"お","gloss":"spear pole"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"さき","gloss":"tip"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"to"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"高","gloss":"height","reading":"たか"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"height"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"四十","gloss":"forty","reading":"よんじゅう"},{"text":"メートル","gloss":"meters"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"is"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"them"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"十","gloss":"nineteen","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"九","gloss":"nineteen","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"ひっぱっ","gloss":"pull"},{"text":"て","gloss":"pull"},{"text":"行列","gloss":"parade","reading":"ぎょうれつ"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.017","source":"その 行列は いつ ありますか。","translation":"When do they have that parade?","reading":"そのぎょうれつはいつありますか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"行列","gloss":"parade","reading":"ぎょうれつ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.018","source":"七月の 十七日と 二十四日です。お祭は 七月十日から 二十九日までです。この お祭の ほことか 山は 芸術品としても 有名です。","translation":"On the 17th and the 24th of July. The festival is from the 10th of July to the 29th. These HOKO and YAMA are famous as art objects, too.","reading":"しちがつのじゅうしちにちとにじゅうよっかです。おまつりはしちがつとおかからにじゅうくにちまでです。このおまつりのほことかやまはげいじゅつひんとしてもゆうめいです。","words":[{"text":"七","gloss":"July"},{"text":"月","gloss":"July"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"十","gloss":"seventeenth"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seventeenth"},{"text":"日","gloss":"seventeenth"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"二十","gloss":"twenty-fourth"},{"text":"四","gloss":"twenty-fourth"},{"text":"日","gloss":"twenty-fourth"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"お","gloss":"festival"},{"text":"祭","gloss":"festival","reading":"まつり"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"七","gloss":"July"},{"text":"月","gloss":"July"},{"text":"十","gloss":"tenth"},{"text":"日","gloss":"tenth"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"二十","gloss":"twenty-ninth"},{"text":"九","gloss":"twenty-ninth"},{"text":"日","gloss":"twenty-ninth"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"お","gloss":"festival"},{"text":"祭","gloss":"festival","reading":"まつり"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ほ","gloss":"Hoko floats"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"Hoko floats"},{"text":"か","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"山","gloss":"Yama floats","reading":"やま"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"芸術","gloss":"art","reading":"げいじゅつ"},{"text":"品","gloss":"objects","reading":"ひん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"as"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"祇園","gloss":"a district in Kyoto"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"町","gloss":"town"},{"word":"名","gloss":"name"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"にぎやか","gloss":"merry; crowded; flourishing; gay"},{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"行列","gloss":"procession; parade (parade) (v.i.)"},{"word":"車","gloss":"vehicle, car"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"},{"word":"さき","gloss":"tip, point"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"四十","gloss":"40"},{"word":"メートル","gloss":"meter"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"九","gloss":"nine"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"いつ","gloss":"when?"},{"word":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"word":"月","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"二十","gloss":"20"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"品","gloss":"quality, goods"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Festival costumes and mountain travel · Dialogue 4 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"Historical dress in procession","paragraphs":["*時代祭と 言って、昔の いしょうを つけて 行列を します* describes the Jidai Festival procession in historical costumes.","The festival is held every year on October 22. Groups represent important periods in Kyoto history as they pass through the city."]},{"title":"Across Mount Hiei","paragraphs":["The conversation turns to travel. *比叡山に 行って、そこから 琵琶湖 側の 阪本に おり、電車で 大津に 行きます* gives the route.","It goes over Mount Hiei, down to Sakamoto on the Lake Biwa side, and then by electric train to Ootsu."]},{"title":"Kanji: 平","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.019","source":"平安神宮の お祭も あるとか。","translation":"I understand there is also a festival of the Heian Shrine.","reading":"へいあんじんぐうのおまつりもあるとか。","words":[{"text":"平安","gloss":"Heian Shrine","reading":"へいあん"},{"text":"神宮","gloss":"Heian Shrine","reading":"じんぐう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"お","gloss":"festival"},{"text":"祭","gloss":"festival","reading":"まつり"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"と","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.020","source":"あります。あれは たしか 十月二十二日と 思います。時代祭と 言って、昔の いしょうを つけて 行列を します。","translation":"There is. I am sure it is on the 22nd of October. They call it “JIDAI Festival” and they have ancient costumes on for the parade.","reading":"あります。あれはたしかじゅうがつにじゅうににちとおもいます。じだいまつりといって、むかしのいしょうをつけてぎょうれつをします。","words":[{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"あれ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"たしか","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"十","gloss":"October"},{"text":"月","gloss":"October"},{"text":"二十","gloss":"twenty-second"},{"text":"二","gloss":"twenty-second"},{"text":"日","gloss":"twenty-second"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"時代","gloss":"Jidai Festival","reading":"じだい"},{"text":"祭","gloss":"Jidai Festival","reading":"まつり"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"called","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"called"},{"text":"昔","gloss":"ancient","reading":"むかし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"いしょう","gloss":"costumes"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つけ","gloss":"wear"},{"text":"て","gloss":"wear"},{"text":"行列","gloss":"parade","reading":"ぎょうれつ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.021","source":"外に 見る 所が ありますか。","translation":"Are there any other places to see?","reading":"ほかにみるところがありますか。","words":[{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"see","reading":"みる"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.021.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.022","source":"ありますとも。比叡山に 行って、そこから 琵琶湖 側の 阪本に おり、電車で 大津に 行きます。","translation":"Of course there are. You go to Mt. Hiei and from there you descend to Sakamoto on Lake Biwa and go to Ootsu by electric train.","reading":"ありますとも。ひえいざんにいって、そこからびわこがわのさかもとにおり、でんしゃでおおつにいきます。","words":[{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"と","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"も。","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"比叡","gloss":"Mount Hiei","reading":"ひえい"},{"text":"山","gloss":"Mount Hiei","reading":"ざん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"go"},{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"琵琶","gloss":"Lake Biwa"},{"text":"湖","gloss":"Lake Biwa"},{"text":"側","gloss":"side"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"阪本","gloss":"Sakamoto"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"おり、","gloss":"descend"},{"text":"電車","gloss":"train"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"大津","gloss":"Otsu"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.022.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.023","source":"電車で 行けますか。","translation":"Can you go by an electric car?","reading":"でんしゃでいけますか。","words":[{"text":"電車","gloss":"train","reading":"でんしゃ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"行け","gloss":"can go","reading":"いけ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.023.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.024","source":"はい、比叡山に のぼる時と 降りる 時には ケーブル カーが あります。京都側から 琵琶湖 側の 阪本に 降り、そこから 電車で 大津に 行きます。","translation":"Yes. There is a cable car when you climb and descend Mt. Hiei. You descend from the Kyoto side to Sakamoto on the Lake Biwa side and from there you go to Ootsu by an electric car.","reading":"はい、ひえいざんにのぼるときとおりるときにはケーブルカーがあります。きょうとがわからびわこがわのさかもとにおり、そこからでんしゃでおおつにいきます。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"比叡","gloss":"Mount Hiei","reading":"ひえい"},{"text":"山","gloss":"Mount Hiei","reading":"ざん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"のぼる","gloss":"climb"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"降りる","gloss":"descend","reading":"おりる"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ケーブル","gloss":"cable car"},{"text":"カー","gloss":"cable car"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"側","gloss":"side","reading":"がわ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"琵琶","gloss":"Lake Biwa"},{"text":"湖","gloss":"Lake Biwa"},{"text":"側","gloss":"side"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"阪本","gloss":"Sakamoto"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"降り、","gloss":"descend"},{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"電車","gloss":"train"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"大津","gloss":"Otsu"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"たしか","gloss":"I am sure, certainly"},{"word":"時代","gloss":"era, period"},{"word":"いしょう","gloss":"costume; wardrobe; dress; clothes"},{"word":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"word":"側","gloss":"side"},{"word":"阪本","gloss":"P.N. on Lake Biwa"},{"word":"電車","gloss":"streetcar, electric train"},{"word":"大津","gloss":"City of Otsu"},{"word":"のぼる","gloss":"go upstream, climb, ascend (vi)"},{"word":"降りる","gloss":"to get off"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lake Biwa views and boats · Dialogue 5 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"A temple above Lake Biwa","paragraphs":["*比叡山の ちょう上には、有名な えんりゃく寺が あります* places Enryakuji Temple on the summit of Mount Hiei.","*ENRYAKUJI* stands among Japanese cypress trees. *DENGYOO DAISHI* founded it in 788 by order of Emperor Kammu.","The speaker also describes the view of Lake Biwa from the summit as magnificent."]},{"title":"Back by boat","paragraphs":["The speakers compare routes from Ootsu to Kyoto. Trains, electric cars, and boats can make the journey.","*大津の みい寺の 下から 舟に 乗って 琵琶湖 そすいを 通って帰る 事が 出来ます* means \"The boat leaves beneath Mii Temple and travels through Lake Biwa canal to Kyoto.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.025","source":"そこの 景色は いいですか。","translation":"Is the scenery there nice?","reading":"そこのけしきはいいですか。","words":[{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"景色","gloss":"scenery","reading":"けしき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.025.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.026","source":"いいですね。比叡山の ちょう上には、有名な えんりゃく寺が あります。そして ちょう上からの 琵琶湖の ながめも すばらしいです。","translation":"It surely is good. There is the famous Enryakuji temple on the summit of Mt. Hiei. The view of Lake Biwa from the summit is magnificent, too.","reading":"いいですね。ひえいざんのちょうじょうには、ゆうめいなえんりゃくじがあります。そしてちょうじょうからのびわこのながめもすばらしいです。","words":[{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"比叡","gloss":"Mount Hiei","reading":"ひえい"},{"text":"山","gloss":"Mount Hiei","reading":"ざん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ちょう上","gloss":"summit","reading":"ちょうじょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"な","gloss":"famous"},{"text":"え","gloss":"Enryakuji Temple"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"Enryakuji Temple"},{"text":"り","gloss":"Enryakuji Temple"},{"text":"ゃ","gloss":"Enryakuji Temple"},{"text":"く","gloss":"Enryakuji Temple"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Enryakuji Temple","reading":"じ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"そして","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ちょう上","gloss":"summit","reading":"ちょうじょう"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"琵琶","gloss":"Lake Biwa"},{"text":"湖","gloss":"Lake Biwa"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ながめ","gloss":"view"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"すばらしい","gloss":"magnificent"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.026.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.027","source":"大津からは 何で 京都に 帰りますか。","translation":"How do you return to Kyoto from Ootsu?","reading":"おおつからはなんできょうとにかえりますか。","words":[{"text":"大津","gloss":"Otsu","reading":"おおつ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"帰り","gloss":"return","reading":"かえり"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.027.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.028","source":"列車、電車は もちろん、舟でも 帰る事が 出来ます。","translation":"Needless to say on the train and the electric car, but you can also return by boat.","reading":"れっしゃ、でんしゃはもちろん、ふねでもかえることができます。","words":[{"text":"列車、","gloss":"train","reading":"れっしゃ"},{"text":"電車","gloss":"electric train","reading":"でんしゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"もちろん、","gloss":"of course"},{"text":"舟","gloss":"boat","reading":"ふね"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"帰る","gloss":"return","reading":"かえる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.028.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.029","source":"舟で？","translation":"By boat?","reading":"ふねで？","words":[{"text":"舟","gloss":"boat","reading":"ふね"},{"text":"で？","gloss":"by"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.029.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.030","source":"そうです。大津の みい寺の 下から 舟に 乗って 琵琶湖 そすいを 通って帰る 事が 出来ます。夏には よいです。","translation":"That’s right. You can return by getting on a boat beneath the Mii Temple in Ootsu and return by going through the canal of Lake Biwa. It is good in the summer.","reading":"そうです。おおつのみいでらのしたからふねにのってびわこそすいをとおってかえることができます。なつにはよいです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"大津","gloss":"Otsu","reading":"おおつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"みい","gloss":"Mii Temple"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Mii Temple","reading":"でら"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"下","gloss":"below","reading":"した"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"舟","gloss":"boat","reading":"ふね"},{"text":"に","gloss":"onto"},{"text":"乗っ","gloss":"board","reading":"のっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"board"},{"text":"琵琶","gloss":"Lake Biwa"},{"text":"湖","gloss":"Lake Biwa"},{"text":"そ","gloss":"canal"},{"text":"すい","gloss":"canal"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"通っ","gloss":"pass through"},{"text":"て","gloss":"pass through"},{"text":"帰る","gloss":"return"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.030.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ちょう上","gloss":"summit"},{"word":"ながめ","gloss":"view (n)"},{"word":"すばらしい","gloss":"splendid, great, grand"},{"word":"帰り","gloss":"return trip (See notes)"},{"word":"もちろん、","gloss":"of course, to be sure"},{"word":"すい","gloss":"essence; quintessence; elite"},{"word":"夏","gloss":"summer"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Travelling from Kyoto to Osaka · Dialogue 6 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"The route to Osaka","paragraphs":["One speaker asks for the best way from Kyoto to Osaka. *電車が 一番 いいです* gives the electric train as the answer.","The route stops at Fushimi and Uji. The speaker recommends the Mausoleum of Emperor Meiji and Byodoin Temple.","The speakers connect the many sights with the lack of war damage during the Second World War."]},{"title":"Kanji: 寄","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.031","source":"京都から 大阪へは 何で 行くのが 一番いいですか。","translation":"What is the best means to go from Kyoto to Osaka?","reading":"きょうとからおおさかへはなんでいくのがいちばんいいですか。","words":[{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"大阪","gloss":"Osaka","reading":"おおさか"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"best","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.031.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.032","source":"電車が 一番 いいです。と中、ふしみと うじに 寄って 明治天皇りょうや 平等院を ぜひ たずねる 事です。","translation":"The electric car is the best. You stop over midway at FUSHIMI and UJI. You should by all means visit the mausoleum of Emperor Meiji and Byoodooin.","reading":"でんしゃがいちばんいいです。とちゅう、ふしみとうじによってめいじてんのうりょうやびょうどういんをぜひたずねることです。","words":[{"text":"電車","gloss":"electric train","reading":"でんしゃ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"best","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"midway"},{"text":"中、","gloss":"midway","reading":"ちゅう"},{"text":"ふし","gloss":"Fushimi"},{"text":"み","gloss":"Fushimi"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"うじ","gloss":"Uji"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"寄っ","gloss":"stop by","reading":"よっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"stop by"},{"text":"明治","gloss":"Emperor Meiji mausoleum","reading":"めいじ"},{"text":"天皇","gloss":"Emperor Meiji mausoleum","reading":"てんのう"},{"text":"りょう","gloss":"Emperor Meiji mausoleum"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"平等","gloss":"Byodoin Temple","reading":"びょうどう"},{"text":"院","gloss":"Byodoin Temple","reading":"いん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ぜひ","gloss":"by all means"},{"text":"たずねる","gloss":"visit"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.032.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.033","source":"そうしましょう。とにかく 見る 物は 多いですね。","translation":"I shall do that. At any rate, there are many things to see, isn’t that right?","reading":"そうしましょう。とにかくみるものはおおいですね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"let us"},{"text":"とにかく","gloss":"anyway"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"see","reading":"みる"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.033.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L111.dlg.034","source":"ええ、第二次 世界大戦の 時に 戦さいを こうむりませんでしたからね。","translation":"Yes, because they didn’t receive war damages during the Second World War, you see.","reading":"ええ、だいにじせかいたいせんのときにせんさいをこうむりませんでしたからね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"第","gloss":"Second World War"},{"text":"二","gloss":"Second World War"},{"text":"次","gloss":"Second World War"},{"text":"世界","gloss":"Second World War"},{"text":"大戦","gloss":"Second World War"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"during"},{"text":"戦さ","gloss":"war damage","reading":"せんさ"},{"text":"い","gloss":"war damage"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"こうむり","gloss":"receive"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.dlg.034.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"一番","gloss":"number one (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"天皇","gloss":"emperor"},{"word":"りょう","gloss":"Imperial Mausoleum"},{"word":"ぜひ","gloss":"by all means"},{"word":"たずねる","gloss":"to ask"},{"word":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"とにかく","gloss":"at any rate; any how"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Reporting what you heard · Perception drill","teaching":[{"title":"The action identifies the source","paragraphs":["*私の 見た ところによると、とても 元気そう でしたよ* means \"According to what I saw, he appeared very healthy.\"","A plain past or non-past verb before *ところによると* gives the source action. The phrase means \"according to what someone did.\""]},{"title":"The report follows the source","paragraphs":["*新聞で 読んだ ところによると、二三日の間は 降らない そうです* means \"According to what I read in the newspaper, it will not rain for two or three days.\"","A report introduced by *ところによると* often ends in *とか* or an expression with a similar meaning."]}],"lines":[{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L111.gp1.01","source":"聞く ところによると、米国でも この ごろは 日本風の 庭が このまれているとか。","translation":"According to what I hear, I understand that the Japanese style gardens are pre­ferred these days even in America.","reading":"きくところによると、べいこくでもこのごろはにほんふうのにわがこのまれているとか。","words":[{"text":"聞く","gloss":"hear","reading":"きく"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"America","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"この","gloss":"these"},{"text":"ごろ","gloss":"days"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"風","gloss":"style"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"庭","gloss":"gardens","reading":"にわ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"このま","gloss":"are preferred"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"are preferred"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are preferred"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are preferred"},{"text":"と","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L111.gp1.02","source":"田村さんの 病気は どうでしたか。","translation":"How was Mr. Tamura’s illness?","reading":"たむらさんのびょうきはどうでしたか。","words":[{"text":"田村","gloss":"Tamura","reading":"たむら"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L111.gp1.03","source":"私の 見た ところによると、とても 元気そう でしたよ。","translation":"According to what I saw, he appeared very healthy.","reading":"わたくしのみたところによると、とてもげんきそうでしたよ。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"見","gloss":"saw","reading":"み"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"元気","gloss":"healthy","reading":"げんき"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"appeared"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L111.gp1.04","source":"友人から 聞いた ところによると、スミスさんの 妹さんは 近いうち けっこん なさるとか。","translation":"According to what I heard from my friend, I understand that Mr. Smith’s younger sister is going to get married in the near future.","reading":"ゆうじんからきいたところによると、スミスさんのいもうとさんはちかいうちけっこんなさるとか。","words":[{"text":"友人","gloss":"friend","reading":"ゆうじん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"聞い","gloss":"heard","reading":"きい"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"妹","gloss":"younger sister","reading":"いもうと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Miss"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"近い","gloss":"near","reading":"ちかい"},{"text":"うち","gloss":"future"},{"text":"けっこん","gloss":"marry"},{"text":"なさる","gloss":"will do"},{"text":"と","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L111.gp1.05","source":"そうですか。もう けっこんする 様な 年に なったのかな。早い もんですね。","translation":"Is that right? I wonder if she became of age already to get married. Time surely flies.","reading":"そうですか。もうけっこんするようなとしになったのかな。はやいもんですね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"けっこん","gloss":"marry"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"様","gloss":"such","reading":"よう"},{"text":"な","gloss":"as"},{"text":"年","gloss":"age","reading":"とし"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"な。","gloss":"I wonder"},{"text":"早い","gloss":"fast","reading":"はやい"},{"text":"もん","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L111.gp1.06","source":"今晩ごろ 雨が 降るのでは ないでしょうか。","translation":"Don’t you suppose it is going to rain around tonight?","reading":"こんばんごろあめがふるのではないでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"ごろ","gloss":"around"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"will rain","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L111.gp1.07","source":"新聞で 読んだ ところによると、二三日の間は 降らない そうです。","translation":"According to what I have read in the newspaper, I understand it is not going to rain for two or three days.","reading":"しんぶんでよんだところによると、にさんにちのあいだはふらないそうです。","words":[{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"読ん","gloss":"read","reading":"よん"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"二三","gloss":"two or three","reading":"にさん"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days","reading":"にち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"間","gloss":"period"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"降ら","gloss":"rain","reading":"ふら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L111.gp1.08","source":"山田さんの 言われる ところによると、今 魚が よく 釣れる そうですよ。","translation":"According to what Mr. Yamada says, I understand they are catching a lot of fish.","reading":"やまださんのいわれるところによると、いまさかながよくつれるそうですよ。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"言わ","gloss":"says","reading":"いわ"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"says"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"魚","gloss":"fish","reading":"さかな"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"many"},{"text":"釣れる","gloss":"are being caught","reading":"つれる"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L111.gp1.09","source":"そうか。じゃ、さっそく 今週末ごろ 釣りに 行こう。","translation":"Is that right? I shall go fishing right away around this weekend, perhaps.","reading":"そうか。じゃ、さっそくこんしゅうまつごろつりにいこう。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is so"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"じゃ、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"さっそく","gloss":"right away"},{"text":"今週","gloss":"this week","reading":"こんしゅう"},{"text":"末","gloss":"end","reading":"まつ"},{"text":"ごろ","gloss":"around"},{"text":"釣り","gloss":"fishing","reading":"つり"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"行こう。","gloss":"let us go","reading":"いこう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L111.gp1.10","source":"ジョンズさんは 日本語が 話せる 様に なる 見こみが ありますか。","translation":"Does Mr. Jones have any hope of becoming able to speak Japanese?","reading":"ジョンズさんはにほんごがはなせるようになるみこみがありますか。","words":[{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"話せる","gloss":"can speak","reading":"はなせる"},{"text":"様","gloss":"able","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"見こみ","gloss":"hope","reading":"みこみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L111.gp1.11","source":"私の 見たところに よると、そんな 見こみは 全々 ありませんね。","translation":"According to what I saw, he has no such hope whatsoever.","reading":"わたくしのみたところによると、そんなみこみはぜんぜんありませんね。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"そんな","gloss":"such"},{"text":"見こみ","gloss":"hope","reading":"みこみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"全","gloss":"not at all"},{"text":"々","gloss":"not at all"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.gp1.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"とても","gloss":"very, indeed"},{"word":"友人","gloss":"friend"},{"word":"妹","gloss":"younger sister"},{"word":"近い","gloss":"near, close"},{"word":"うち","gloss":"home, house"},{"word":"なさる","gloss":"to do (honorific verb) (See Notes)"},{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"降る","gloss":"to fall (rain) (v.i.)"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"間","gloss":"between"},{"word":"れる","gloss":"to be able to --\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"釣れる","gloss":"can be fished"},{"word":"さっそく","gloss":"right away, immediately"},{"word":"今週","gloss":"this week"},{"word":"話せる","gloss":"to be able to speak"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Reporting information by source · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"What the speaker saw","paragraphs":["*私が 見た ところによると、それは 少し 違っています* means \"From what I saw, it is a little different.\"","The *ところによると* phrase follows *見た*, \"saw.\""]},{"title":"Other source actions","paragraphs":["*ラジオで 聞いた ところによると、南アメリカに 大きな じしんが あったそうです* reports an earthquake according to information heard on the radio.","Other lines put *習った*, *読んだ*, and *言う* in the same position. The verb identifies how the speaker obtained the information."]}],"lines":[{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L111.pt1.m1","source":"私が 見た ところによると、それは 少し 違っています。","translation":"From what I saw, it is a little different.","reading":"わたくしがみたところによると、それはすこしちがっています。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"違っ","gloss":"is different","reading":"ちがっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is different"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is different"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L111.pt1.01","source":"学校で 習った ところによると、この かん字は もう 使わないそうです。","translation":"According to what I learned at school, this kanji is no longer used.","reading":"がっこうでならったところによると、このかんじはもうつかわないそうです。","words":[{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"any longer"},{"text":"使わ","gloss":"use","reading":"つかわ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L111.pt1.02","source":"新聞で 読んだ ところによると、明日ごろ 雨が 降る そうです。","translation":"According to what I read in the newspaper, it is supposed to rain around tomorrow.","reading":"しんぶんでよんだところによると、あしたごろあめがふるそうです。","words":[{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"読ん","gloss":"read","reading":"よん"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"ごろ","gloss":"around"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"fall","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L111.pt1.03","source":"ラジオで 聞いた ところによると、南アメリカに 大きな じしんが あったそうです。","translation":"According to what I heard on the radio, there was a large earthquake in South America.","reading":"ラジオできいたところによると、みなみアメリカにおおきなじしんがあったそうです。","words":[{"text":"ラジオ","gloss":"radio"},{"text":"で","gloss":"on"},{"text":"聞い","gloss":"hear","reading":"きい"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"南","gloss":"South America","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"アメリカ","gloss":"South America"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"じしん","gloss":"earthquake"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"there was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L111.pt1.04","source":"僕の 見た ところによると、あの 生徒は そつ業の 見こみは なさそうだ。","translation":"From what I saw, that student does not seem likely to graduate.","reading":"ぼくのみたところによると、あのせいとはそつぎょうのみこみはなさそうだ。","words":[{"text":"僕","gloss":"I","reading":"ぼく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"そつ業","gloss":"graduation"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"見こみ","gloss":"prospect","reading":"みこみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なさ","gloss":"none"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L111.pt1.05","source":"聞くところによると、東京は もう さくらが まんかい（full bloom）だそうだ。","translation":"From what I hear, the cherry blossoms are already in full bloom in Tokyo.","reading":"きくところによると、とうきょうはもうさくらがまんかい（fullbloom）だそうだ。","words":[{"text":"聞く","gloss":"hear","reading":"きく"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"さくら","gloss":"cherry blossoms"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"まんかい","gloss":"full bloom"},{"text":"（full","gloss":"full"},{"text":"bloom）","gloss":"bloom"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L111.pt1.06","source":"僕の 友人の 言う ところによると、日本行き は だめに なった そうだ。","translation":"According to what my friend says, the trip to Japan has fallen through.","reading":"ぼくのゆうじんのいうところによると、にほんいきはだめになったそうだ。","words":[{"text":"僕","gloss":"I","reading":"ぼく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"友人","gloss":"friend","reading":"ゆうじん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"says","reading":"いう"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"trip","reading":"いき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"だめ","gloss":"no good"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L111.pt1.07","source":"山本さん から うけた まわった ところによると、今年は さくらが さくのが おそい そうです。","translation":"According to what I heard from Mr. Yamamoto, the cherry blossoms are late in blooming this year.","reading":"やまもとさんからうけたまわったところによると、ことしはさくらがさくのがおそいそうです。","words":[{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"うけ","gloss":"hear"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"まわっ","gloss":"hear"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"今年","gloss":"this year","reading":"ことし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さくら","gloss":"cherry blossoms"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"さく","gloss":"bloom"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"おそい","gloss":"late"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.pt1.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"word":"ラジオ","gloss":"radio"},{"word":"南","gloss":"south"},{"word":"アメリカ","gloss":"America; U.S.A."},{"word":"僕","gloss":"I (see notes)"},{"word":"さくら","gloss":"cherry (flower)"},{"word":"まんかい","gloss":"full bloom"},{"word":"だめ","gloss":"no good, useless,\nhopeless"},{"word":"今年","gloss":"this year"},{"word":"さく","gloss":"to bloom (v.i.)"},{"word":"おそい","gloss":"be late"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Discussing reports and observations · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"An observation and its conclusion","paragraphs":["*僕の 見た ところによると、よく なる 見こみは なさそうだね* gives a conclusion according to what the speaker saw.","The source phrase comes before the conclusion. Here *なさそうだね* presents the speaker's assessment that recovery does not seem likely."]},{"title":"Information read in a newspaper","paragraphs":["*新聞で 読んだ ところによると、今年は 日本からの 観光客も ずい分 多い そうだ* attributes the report to a newspaper.","The final *そうだ* marks the conclusion as reported information."]}],"lines":[{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L111.pt1.08","source":"病人の 状態は どうかね。","translation":"How is the patient's condition?","reading":"びょうにんのじょうたいはどうかね。","words":[{"text":"病人","gloss":"patient","reading":"びょうにん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"状態","gloss":"condition","reading":"じょうたい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L111.pt1.09","source":"悪い ね。僕の 見た ところによると、よく なる 見こみは なさそうだね。","translation":"It is bad. From what I saw, there does not seem to be any hope of recovery.","reading":"わるいね。ぼくのみたところによると、よくなるみこみはなさそうだね。","words":[{"text":"悪い","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"僕","gloss":"I","reading":"ぼく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"better"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"見こみ","gloss":"hope","reading":"みこみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なさ","gloss":"none"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L111.pt1.10","source":"米国への 観光客は 毎年 ふえて行く そうだね。","translation":"I hear the number of tourists going to the United States increases every year.","reading":"べいこくへのかんこうきゃくはまいとしふえていくそうだね。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"観光","gloss":"tourist","reading":"かんこう"},{"text":"客","gloss":"tourist","reading":"きゃく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎年","gloss":"every year","reading":"まいとし"},{"text":"ふえ","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"て","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"keep increasing","reading":"いく"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L111.pt1.11","source":"ええ、新聞で 読んだ ところによると、今年は 日本からの 観光客も ずい分 多い そうだ。","translation":"Yes, according to what I read in the newspaper, there are also quite a lot of tourists from Japan this year.","reading":"ええ、しんぶんでよんだところによると、ことしはにほんからのかんこうきゃくもずいぶんおおいそうだ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"読ん","gloss":"read","reading":"よん"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"今年","gloss":"this year","reading":"ことし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"観光","gloss":"tourist","reading":"かんこう"},{"text":"客","gloss":"tourist","reading":"きゃく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"quite","reading":"ずいぶん"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L111.pt1.12","source":"昨晩の 新聞で 見た ところによると、南アメリカで大きな じしんが あったそうだね。","translation":"According to what I saw in last night’s newspaper, there was a large earthquake in South America, wasn’t there?","reading":"さくばんのしんぶんでみたところによると、みなみアメリカでおおきなじしんがあったそうだね。","words":[{"text":"昨晩","gloss":"last night","reading":"さくばん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"南","gloss":"South America","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"アメリカ","gloss":"South America"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"じしん","gloss":"earthquake"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"there was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L111.pt1.13","source":"ええ、四五百人も 死んだそうだ。","translation":"Yes, I hear as many as four or five hundred people died.","reading":"ええ、しごひゃくにんもしんだそうだ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"四五百","gloss":"four or five hundred","reading":"しごひゃく"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"にん"},{"text":"も","gloss":"as many as"},{"text":"死ん","gloss":"die","reading":"しん"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L111.pt1.14","source":"田村さんから 聞いたところによると 京都には お寺や お宮が 何百も ある そうだね。","translation":"According to what I heard from Mr. Tamura, there are hundreds of temples and shrines in Kyoto, aren’t there?","reading":"たむらさんからきいたところによるときょうとにはおてらやおみやがなんびゃくもあるそうだね。","words":[{"text":"田村","gloss":"Tamura","reading":"たむら"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"聞い","gloss":"hear","reading":"きい"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"temples","reading":"てら"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"宮","gloss":"shrines","reading":"みや"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"何百","gloss":"hundreds","reading":"なんびゃく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"as many as"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L111.pt1.15","source":"ええ、昔の 平安京の 外側は 寺ばかりと 言っても いいくらいだ。","translation":"Yes, you could almost say that the area outside the old Heian capital was nothing but temples.","reading":"ええ、むかしのへいあんきょうのそとがわはてらばかりといってもいいくらいだ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"昔","gloss":"old","reading":"むかし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"平安","gloss":"Heian capital","reading":"へいあん"},{"text":"京","gloss":"Heian capital","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"外側","gloss":"outside","reading":"そとがわ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"temples","reading":"てら"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"nothing but"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"say"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"could"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"almost"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.pt1.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"病人","gloss":"sick person, patient"},{"word":"状態","gloss":"condition; situation"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"毎年","gloss":"every year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"ばかり","gloss":"about"},{"word":"くらい","gloss":"dark"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Matching sources with reports · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A person supplies the information","paragraphs":["*スミスさんから 聞いたところによると、米国でも このごろは 日本風の 庭が はやっている そうだね* attributes the report to information heard from Mr. Smith.","The person appears with *から*, and *聞いた* names hearing as the source action."]},{"title":"Actions before the source phrase","paragraphs":["The set contrasts *見る*, \"to see,\" with past forms *見た*, \"saw,\" *聞いた*, \"heard,\" *読んだ*, \"read,\" and *言った*, \"said.\"","These plain verb forms can identify the action before *ところによると*."]}],"lines":[{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L111.pt1.16","source":"スミスさんから 聞いたところによると、米国でも このごろは 日本風の 庭が はやっている そうだね。","translation":"According to what I heard from Mr. Smith, Japanese-style gardens are popular these days even in the United States, aren’t they?","reading":"スミスさんからきいたところによると、べいこくでもこのごろはにほんふうのにわがはやっているそうだね。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"聞い","gloss":"hear","reading":"きい"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"このごろ","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese-style"},{"text":"風","gloss":"Japanese-style"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"庭","gloss":"gardens","reading":"にわ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"はやっ","gloss":"are popular"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are popular"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are popular"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L111.pt1.17","source":"うん、はやっている ね。","translation":"Yes, they are popular.","reading":"うん、はやっているね。","words":[{"text":"うん、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"はやっ","gloss":"are popular"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are popular"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are popular"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.pt1.17.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L111.pt1.18","source":"見る","translation":"to see","reading":"みる","words":[{"text":"見る","gloss":"see","reading":"みる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L111.pt1.19","source":"見た","translation":"saw","reading":"みた","words":[{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L111.pt1.20","source":"聞いた","translation":"heard","reading":"きいた","words":[{"text":"聞い","gloss":"hear","reading":"きい"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.pt1.20.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L111.pt1.21","source":"読んだ","translation":"read","reading":"よんだ","words":[{"text":"読ん","gloss":"read","reading":"よん"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.pt1.21.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L111.pt1.22","source":"言った","translation":"said","reading":"いった","words":[{"text":"言っ","gloss":"say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.pt1.22.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"うん、","gloss":"Yes, all right."}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Kyoto gardens, festivals and scenery · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Kyoto attractions","paragraphs":["The questions ask about landscape gardens, dry gardens, scenic places, and festivals in Kyoto.","*竜安寺、大徳寺などの 庭では 山や 川は 何で 表わされていますか* means \"What are the mountains and rivers represented by in the gardens of Ryoanji and Daitokuji?\"","An answer names the material used there: rocks and sand. Other answers identify a garden, scenic place, or festival and give its relevant feature."]}],"lines":[{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L111.q.001","source":"景色の よい 所には 嵐山が あり、舟で 保津川の 急流を くだるのも 面白いそうです。又 比叡山に 登り、その ちょう上から 琵琶湖を ながめるのも いいそうです。琵琶湖は 日本一の 大きな 湖で、景色も すばらしいものです。とにかく、京都は 第二次 世界大戦で 戦さいを こうむらなかった所 ですから、見る 所は 沢山 あり、ことに 外国人の 観光客には りそう的な 所です。","translation":"Among the scenic places is Arashiyama, and going down the rapids of the Hozu River by boat is also said to be interesting.\nIt is also said to be nice to climb Mount Hiei and look out over Lake Biwa from its summit.\nLake Biwa is the largest lake in Japan, and its scenery is also splendid.\nIn any case, since Kyoto did not suffer war damage in the Second World War, there are many places to see, and it is an ideal place especially for foreign tourists.","reading":"けしきのよいところにはあらしやまがあり、ふねでほづがわのきゅうりゅうをくだるのもおもしろいそうです。またひえいざんにのぼり、そのちょうじょうからびわこをながめるのもいいそうです。びわこはにほんいちのおおきなみずうみで、けしきもすばらしいものです。とにかく、きょうとはだいにじせかいたいせんでせんさいをこうむらなかったところですから、みるところはたくさんあり、ことにがいこくじんのかんこうきゃくにはりそうてきなところです。","words":[{"text":"景色","gloss":"scenery","reading":"けしき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"scenic"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"嵐山","gloss":"Arashiyama","reading":"あらしやま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり、","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"舟","gloss":"boat","reading":"ふね"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"保津","gloss":"Hozu River","reading":"ほづ"},{"text":"川","gloss":"Hozu River","reading":"がわ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"急流","gloss":"rapids","reading":"きゅうりゅう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"くだる","gloss":"go down"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"面白い","gloss":"interesting","reading":"おもしろい"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"又","gloss":"also"},{"text":"比叡","gloss":"Mount Hiei"},{"text":"山","gloss":"Mount Hiei"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"登り、","gloss":"climb","reading":"のぼり"},{"text":"その","gloss":"its"},{"text":"ちょう上","gloss":"summit","reading":"ちょうじょう"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"琵琶","gloss":"Lake Biwa"},{"text":"湖","gloss":"Lake Biwa"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ながめる","gloss":"look over"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"琵琶","gloss":"Lake Biwa"},{"text":"湖","gloss":"Lake Biwa"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan's largest"},{"text":"一","gloss":"Japan's largest"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large"},{"text":"湖","gloss":"lake"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is"},{"text":"景色","gloss":"scenery"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"すばらしい","gloss":"splendid"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"とにかく、","gloss":"anyway"},{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"第","gloss":"Second"},{"text":"二","gloss":"Second"},{"text":"次","gloss":"Second"},{"text":"世界","gloss":"World War"},{"text":"大戦","gloss":"World War"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"戦さ","gloss":"war damage"},{"text":"い","gloss":"war damage"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"こうむら","gloss":"suffer"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"see"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many"},{"text":"あり、","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"especially"},{"text":"に","gloss":"especially"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreigners"},{"text":"人","gloss":"foreigners"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"観光","gloss":"tourists"},{"text":"客","gloss":"tourists"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"り","gloss":"ideal"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"ideal"},{"text":"的","gloss":"ideal"},{"text":"な","gloss":"ideal"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.q.001.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L111.q.002","source":"京都で 有名な 庭には どんなのが ありますか。","translation":"What kinds of famous gardens are there in Kyoto?","reading":"きょうとでゆうめいなにわにはどんなのがありますか。","words":[{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"な","gloss":"famous"},{"text":"庭","gloss":"gardens","reading":"にわ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.q.002.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L111.q.003","source":"かつらり宮の 庭園は 山水の 庭とも 言えますか。","translation":"Can the garden of the Katsura Detached Palace also be called a landscape garden?","reading":"かつらりきゅうのていえんはさんすいのにわともいえますか。","words":[{"text":"かつら","gloss":"Katsura Imperial Villa"},{"text":"り","gloss":"Katsura Imperial Villa"},{"text":"宮","gloss":"Katsura Imperial Villa","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"庭園","gloss":"garden","reading":"ていえん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"山水","gloss":"landscape","reading":"さんすい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"庭","gloss":"garden","reading":"にわ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"can call","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.q.003.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L111.q.004","source":"竜安寺、大徳寺などの 庭には 水が ありますか。","translation":"Is there water in the gardens of Ryoanji, Daitokuji, and other temples?","reading":"りょうあんじ、だいとくじなどのにわにはみずがありますか。","words":[{"text":"竜安","gloss":"Ryoanji Temple"},{"text":"寺、","gloss":"Ryoanji Temple"},{"text":"大徳","gloss":"Daitokuji Temple"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Daitokuji Temple"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"庭","gloss":"gardens","reading":"にわ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"水","gloss":"water","reading":"みず"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.q.004.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L111.q.005","source":"竜安寺、大徳寺などの 庭では 山や 川は 何で 表わされていますか。","translation":"What are the mountains and rivers represented by in the gardens of Ryoanji, Daitokuji, and other temples?","reading":"りょうあんじ、だいとくじなどのにわではやまやかわはなんであらわされていますか。","words":[{"text":"竜安","gloss":"Ryoanji Temple"},{"text":"寺、","gloss":"Ryoanji Temple"},{"text":"大徳","gloss":"Daitokuji Temple"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Daitokuji Temple"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"庭","gloss":"gardens","reading":"にわ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountains","reading":"やま"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"川","gloss":"rivers","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"表わさ","gloss":"represented","reading":"あらわさ"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"represented"},{"text":"て","gloss":"represented"},{"text":"い","gloss":"represented"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.q.005.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L111.q.006","source":"京都で 有名な 祭には どんなのが ありますか。","translation":"What kinds of famous festivals are there in Kyoto?","reading":"きょうとでゆうめいなまつりにはどんなのがありますか。","words":[{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"な","gloss":"famous"},{"text":"祭","gloss":"festivals","reading":"まつり"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.q.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"嵐山","gloss":"P.N. in Kyoto"},{"word":"ながめる","gloss":"view, see (vt)"},{"word":"とにかく、","gloss":"at any rate; any how"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Festivals, Lake Biwa and wartime survival · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Festivals and scenery","paragraphs":["The questions ask what the Gion and Jidai festivals are, where scenic places are, and what kind of lake Lake Biwa is.","*時代祭と 言うのは どんな 祭ですか* means \"What kind of festival is the Festival of the Ages?\" An answer describes its historical procession.","The final question asks why Kyoto has many sights. Its answer states that Kyoto did not suffer war damage during the Second World War."]}],"lines":[{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L111.q.007","source":"祇園祭と 言うのは どんな 祭ですか。","translation":"What kind of festival is the Gion Festival?","reading":"ぎおんまつりというのはどんなまつりですか。","words":[{"text":"祇園","gloss":"Gion Festival","reading":"ぎおん"},{"text":"祭","gloss":"Gion Festival","reading":"まつり"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"祭","gloss":"festival","reading":"まつり"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.q.007.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L111.q.008","source":"時代祭と 言うのは どんな 祭ですか。","translation":"What kind of festival is the Festival of the Ages?","reading":"じだいまつりというのはどんなまつりですか。","words":[{"text":"時代","gloss":"Festival of Ages","reading":"じだい"},{"text":"祭","gloss":"Festival of Ages","reading":"まつり"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"祭","gloss":"festival","reading":"まつり"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.q.008.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L111.q.009","source":"景色の よい 所は どこですか。","translation":"Where are the scenic places?","reading":"けしきのよいところはどこですか。","words":[{"text":"景色","gloss":"scenery","reading":"けしき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"scenic"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.q.009.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L111.q.010","source":"琵琶湖は どんな 湖ですか。","translation":"What kind of lake is Lake Biwa?","reading":"びわこはどんなみずうみですか。","words":[{"text":"琵琶","gloss":"Lake Biwa"},{"text":"湖","gloss":"Lake Biwa"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"湖","gloss":"lake"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.q.010.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L111.q.011","source":"なぜ 京都には 見る 所が 多いのですか。","translation":"Why are there so many places to see in Kyoto?","reading":"なぜきょうとにはみるところがおおいのですか。","words":[{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"see","reading":"みる"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.q.011.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"なぜ","gloss":"why?"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Gardens and landscape design · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Gardens and their settings","paragraphs":["This set covers gardens, landscape design, and Kyoto sites.","*庭* means \"garden\" or \"yard.\" *かつらり宮* is Katsura Imperial Villa, and *竜安寺* is RYOOANJI Temple."]}],"lines":[{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.001","source":"庭","translation":"garden; yard","reading":"にわ","words":[{"text":"庭","gloss":"garden","reading":"にわ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.001.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.002","source":"このむ","translation":"like; prefer (v.t.)","reading":"このむ","words":[{"text":"このむ","gloss":"prefer"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.002.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.003","source":"はやる","translation":"be in vogue; be popular (v.i.)","reading":"はやる","words":[{"text":"はやる","gloss":"be popular"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.003.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.004","source":"風","translation":"manner; way; appear-ance; kind; sort","reading":"ふう","words":[{"text":"風","gloss":"style","reading":"ふう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.004.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.005","source":"西南","translation":"southwest","reading":"せいなん","words":[{"text":"西南","gloss":"southwest","reading":"せいなん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.005.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.006","source":"かつらり宮","translation":"Katsura Imperial Villa","reading":"かつらりきゅう","words":[{"text":"かつらり宮","gloss":"Katsura Imperial Villa","reading":"かつらりきゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.006.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.007","source":"醍醐寺","translation":"Daigoji Temple","reading":"だいごじ","words":[{"text":"醍醐寺","gloss":"Daigoji Temple","reading":"だいごじ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.007.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.008","source":"三宝院","translation":"Sambooin Temple","reading":"さんぼういん","words":[{"text":"三宝院","gloss":"Sambooin Temple","reading":"さんぼういん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.008.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.009","source":"修学院","translation":"SHUUGAKUIN Temple","reading":"しゅうがくいん","words":[{"text":"修学院","gloss":"Shugakuin Temple","reading":"しゅうがくいん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.009.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.010","source":"山水","translation":"landscape; copying water and mountains; landscape painting","reading":"さんすい","words":[{"text":"山水","gloss":"landscape","reading":"さんすい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.010.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.011","source":"竜安寺","translation":"RYOOANJI Temple","reading":"りょうあんじ","words":[{"text":"竜安寺","gloss":"Ryoanji Temple","reading":"りょうあんじ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.011.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.012","source":"大徳寺","translation":"Daitokuji Temple","reading":"だいとくじ","words":[{"text":"大徳寺","gloss":"Daitokuji Temple","reading":"だいとくじ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"このむ","gloss":"like; prefer (v.t.)"},{"word":"はやる","gloss":"be in vogue; be popular (v.i.)"},{"word":"かつらり宮","gloss":"Katsura Imperial Villa"},{"word":"醍醐寺","gloss":"Daigoji Temple"},{"word":"三宝院","gloss":"Sambooin Temple"},{"word":"修学院","gloss":"SHUUGAKUIN Temple"},{"word":"竜安寺","gloss":"RYOOANJI Temple"},{"word":"大徳寺","gloss":"Daitokuji Temple"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Rivers, rapids and entertainment districts · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"From raked sand to Gion","paragraphs":["This set covers dry-garden actions, river travel, and Gion.","*砂を かいて* means \"by raking the sand.\" *くだる* means \"go downstream,\" and *祇園祭* names the Gion parade."]}],"lines":[{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.013","source":"砂を かいて","translation":"by raking the sand","reading":"すなをかいて","words":[{"text":"砂をかいて","gloss":"by raking the sand","reading":"すなをかいて"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.013.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.014","source":"かく","translation":"rake; scratch; comb (v.t.)","reading":"かく","words":[{"text":"かく","gloss":"rake"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.014.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.015","source":"見せる","translation":"make it look like (v.t.)","reading":"みせる","words":[{"text":"見せる","gloss":"show","reading":"みせる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.015.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.016","source":"嵐山","translation":"P.N. in Kyoto","reading":"あらしやま","words":[{"text":"嵐山","gloss":"Arashiyama","reading":"あらしやま"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.016.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.017","source":"保津川","translation":"Hozu River","reading":"ほづがわ","words":[{"text":"保津川","gloss":"Hozu River","reading":"ほづがわ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.017.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.018","source":"急流","translation":"rapid; swift current","reading":"きゅうりゅう","words":[{"text":"急流","gloss":"swift current","reading":"きゅうりゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.018.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.019","source":"くだる","translation":"go downstream (v.i.)","reading":"くだる","words":[{"text":"くだる","gloss":"go downstream"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.019.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.020","source":"祇園","translation":"a district in Kyoto","reading":"ぎおん","words":[{"text":"祇園","gloss":"Gion","reading":"ぎおん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.020.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.021","source":"かんらくがい","translation":"gay district; plea-sure quarter","reading":"かんらくがい","words":[{"text":"かんらくがい","gloss":"pleasure quarter"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.021.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.022","source":"おどり","translation":"dance; folk dance","reading":"おどり","words":[{"text":"おどり","gloss":"folk dance"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.022.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.023","source":"行列","translation":"procession; parade (parade) (v.i.)","reading":"ぎょうれつ","words":[{"text":"行列","gloss":"procession","reading":"ぎょうれつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.023.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.024","source":"祇園祭","translation":"Gion parade (See Cult Notes)","reading":"ぎおんまつり","words":[{"text":"祇園祭","gloss":"Gion Festival","reading":"ぎおんまつり"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"砂をかいて","gloss":"by raking the sand"},{"word":"保津川","gloss":"Hozu River"},{"word":"かんらくがい","gloss":"gay district; plea-sure quarter"},{"word":"おどり","gloss":"dance; folk dance"},{"word":"祇園祭","gloss":"Gion parade (See Cult Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Festival floats and costumes · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Floats and festival places","paragraphs":["This set covers festival floats, their parts, and Kyoto sightseeing places.","*ほこ* is a ceremonial spear or similar long object, and *ほこさお* is its pole. *山* names a ceremonial float."]}],"lines":[{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.025","source":"ほこ","translation":"spear; ceremonial spear or long object resembling it (See Cult Notes)","reading":"ほこ","words":[{"text":"ほこ","gloss":"ceremonial spear"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.025.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.026","source":"ほこさお","translation":"spear pole","reading":"ほこさお","words":[{"text":"ほこさお","gloss":"spear pole"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.026.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.027","source":"さお","translation":"pole","reading":"さお","words":[{"text":"さお","gloss":"pole"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.027.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.028","source":"さき","translation":"tip; end","reading":"さき","words":[{"text":"さき","gloss":"tip"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.028.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.029","source":"ひっぱる","translation":"pull; drag (v.t.)","reading":"ひっぱる","words":[{"text":"ひっぱる","gloss":"pull"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.029.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.030","source":"(お)祭","translation":"festival","reading":"(お)まつり","words":[{"text":"(お)祭","gloss":"festival","reading":"(お)まつり"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.030.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.031","source":"山","translation":"ceremonial float (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"やま","words":[{"text":"山","gloss":"ceremonial float","reading":"やま"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.031.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.032","source":"時代祭","translation":"an historical festival (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"じだいまつり","words":[{"text":"時代祭","gloss":"historical festival","reading":"じだいまつり"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.032.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.033","source":"いしょう","translation":"costume; wardrobe; dress; clothes","reading":"いしょう","words":[{"text":"いしょう","gloss":"costume"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.033.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.034","source":"平安神宮","translation":"Heian Shrine","reading":"へいあんじんぐう","words":[{"text":"平安神宮","gloss":"Heian Shrine","reading":"へいあんじんぐう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.034.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.035","source":"比叡山","translation":"Mount Hiei","reading":"ひえいざん","words":[{"text":"比叡山","gloss":"Mount Hiei","reading":"ひえいざん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.035.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.036","source":"琵琶湖","translation":"Lake Biwa, the largest lake in Japan","reading":"びわこ","words":[{"text":"琵琶湖","gloss":"Lake Biwa","reading":"びわこ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.036.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ほこ","gloss":"spear; ceremonial spear or long object resembling it (See Cult Notes)"},{"word":"ほこさお","gloss":"spear pole"},{"word":"さお","gloss":"pole"},{"word":"ひっぱる","gloss":"pull; drag (v.t.)"},{"word":"(お)祭","gloss":"festival"},{"word":"時代祭","gloss":"an historical festival (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"平安神宮","gloss":"Heian Jingu (Shrine) (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"比叡山","gloss":"Mount Hiei"},{"word":"琵琶湖","gloss":"Lake Biwa, the largest lake in Japan"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lake travel, temples and landmarks · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Travel and landmarks","paragraphs":["This set covers Lake Biwa travel, temples, nearby landmarks, and descriptions.","*そすい* means \"drainage\" or \"canal.\" *平等院* is Byodoin Temple, and *りそう的な* means \"ideal.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.037","source":"大津","translation":"City of Otsu","reading":"おおつ","words":[{"text":"大津","gloss":"Otsu","reading":"おおつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.037.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.038","source":"側","translation":"side","reading":"がわ","words":[{"text":"側","gloss":"side","reading":"がわ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.038.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.039","source":"阪本","translation":"P.N. on Lake Biwa","reading":"さかもと","words":[{"text":"阪本","gloss":"Sakamoto","reading":"さかもと"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.039.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.040","source":"えんりゃく寺","translation":"Enryakuji Temple","reading":"えんりゃくじ","words":[{"text":"えんりゃく寺","gloss":"Enryakuji Temple","reading":"えんりゃくじ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.040.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.041","source":"そすい","translation":"drainage; canal","reading":"そすい","words":[{"text":"そすい","gloss":"canal"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.041.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.042","source":"明治天皇りょう","translation":"Mausoleum of Emperor Meiji","reading":"めいじてんのうりょう","words":[{"text":"明治天皇りょう","gloss":"Emperor Meiji's mausoleum","reading":"めいじてんのうりょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.042.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.043","source":"りょう","translation":"Imperial Mausoleum","reading":"りょう","words":[{"text":"りょう","gloss":"Imperial Mausoleum"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.043.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.044","source":"平等院","translation":"Byodoin Temple","reading":"びょうどういん","words":[{"text":"平等院","gloss":"Byodoin Temple","reading":"びょうどういん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.044.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.045","source":"第二次世界大戦","translation":"Second World War","reading":"だいにじせかいたいせん","words":[{"text":"第二次世界大戦","gloss":"Second World War","reading":"だいにじせかいたいせん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.045.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.046","source":"まんかい","translation":"full bloom","reading":"まんかい","words":[{"text":"まんかい","gloss":"full bloom"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.046.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L111.w.047","source":"りそう的な","translation":"ideal","reading":"りそうてきな","words":[{"text":"りそう的な","gloss":"ideal","reading":"りそうてきな"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L111.w.047.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":8,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\n1 Topic titles; Talk about the following.\n\n(1) Famous Japanese gardens\n\n(2) Scenic spots\n\n(3) Gion Festival\n\n(4) Jidai Festival\n\n(5) Lake Biwa\n\n2 Visual cues;\n\na Look at the map on Page 10 and talk about the points of interest.\n\nb Look at the pictures on Page 11 to 20 and talk about them."},{"section":9,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.\n\n2 Study the Grammar Perception Drill.\n\n3 Study the Pattern Practice and do the exercise at the end of each pattern.\n\n4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.\n\n5 Read the Explanatory Notes.\n\n6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"えんりゃく寺","gloss":"Enryakuji Temple"},{"word":"そすい","gloss":"drainage; canal"},{"word":"明治天皇りょう","gloss":"Mausoleum of Emperor Meiji"},{"word":"平等院","gloss":"Byodoin Temple"},{"word":"第二次世界大戦","gloss":"Second World War"},{"word":"りそう的な","gloss":"ideal"}],"paradigms":[]}]}