{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L011","title":"Lesson 11","stage":"Sounds, kana, and the first conversations","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 11: colours and objects on tables · dialogue 1 of 4, flowers and their colours · dialogue 2 of 4, counting flowers and buds · dialogue 3 of 4, judging flowers as pretty · dialogue 4 of 4, naming colours of things · pattern 1 1 of 2, asking what colour things are · pattern 1 2 of 2, describing pretty and plain things · pattern 2 1 of 2, degrees of prettiness · pattern 2 2 of 2, referring to things by qualities · pattern 3 1 of 2, identifying things by description · pattern 3 2 of 2, listing examples among others · pattern 4 1 of 2, asking for examples present · pattern 4 2 of 2, describing things as not very · pattern 5 1 of 2, asking if qualities apply · pattern 5 2 of 2, colours, flowers.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/11","lines":109},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/10","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/12","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Colours and objects on tables · Dialogue 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"A wall and a table","paragraphs":["Two speakers discuss the colors of a wall and table, then name objects on the table.","*このねずみいろの かべのまえに なにが ありますか* means \"What is there in front of this gray wall?\" The answer is a table."]},{"title":"Colors and examples","paragraphs":["In *この ちゃいろの テーブル*, the color *ちゃいろ* takes *の* before \"table\".","*かびんや いろがみが あります* means \"There are a flower vase and color papers.\" Here *や* marks these as examples among other things."]},{"title":"Kanji: . 一, . 二","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: . 三 to . 八","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: . 九, . 十","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L011.dlg.001","source":"このかべは どんないろですか。","translation":"What sort of color is this wall?","reading":"このかべはどんないろですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"かべ","gloss":"wall"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"いろ","gloss":"color"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L011.dlg.002","source":"そのかべは ねずみいろです。","translation":"That wall is gray.","reading":"そのかべはねずみいろです。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"かべ","gloss":"wall"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ねずみ","gloss":"gray"},{"text":"いろ","gloss":"gray"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L011.dlg.003","source":"このねずみいろの かべのまえに なにが ありますか。","translation":"What is there in front of this gray wall?","reading":"このねずみいろのかべのまえになにがありますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"ねずみ","gloss":"gray"},{"text":"いろ","gloss":"gray"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"かべ","gloss":"wall"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"まえ","gloss":"front"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"なに","gloss":"what"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L011.dlg.004","source":"テーブルが あります。","translation":"There is a table.","reading":"テーブルがあります。","words":[{"text":"テーブル","gloss":"table"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L011.dlg.005","source":"この ちゃいろの テーブルのうえに どんなものが ありますか。","translation":"What sort of things is on top of this brown table?","reading":"このちゃいろのテーブルのうえにどんなものがありますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"ちゃいろ","gloss":"brown"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"テーブル","gloss":"table"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"うえ","gloss":"top"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"things"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L011.dlg.006","source":"かびんや いろがみが あります。","translation":"There are a flower vase and color papers.","reading":"かびんやいろがみがあります。","words":[{"text":"かびん","gloss":"flower vase"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"いろがみ","gloss":"color paper"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"NO-adjectives to express the quality or appearance of the noun that follows it.\n\nNEZUMIIRO NO KABE a gray wall\n\nCHAIRO NO TSUKUE a brown desk\n\nMOMOIRO NO KAMI a pink paper\n\nMIDORI NO KABE a green wall\n\nMURASAKI NO HANA a purple flower\n\nORENJIIRO NO HANA an orange color flower\n\nIn Japanese, words used to express the five basic colors--red, blue, yellow, black, and white--are I-adjectives but the other colors are nouns.\n\nI-adjectives | | Nouns | \nAKAI | red | MIDORI | green\nAOI | blue | MURASAKI | purple\nKUROI | black | CHAIRO | brown\nSHIROI | white | MOMOIRO | pink\nKIIROI | yellow | NEZUMIIRO | gray\n\nJapanese nouns do not inflect but Japanese I-adjectives do. Compare the following examples:\n\nNoun CHAIRO | I-adjective SHIROI\nKORE WA CHAIRO DESU. | KORE WA SHIROI DESU.\n\"This is brown.\" | \"This is white.\"\nKORE WA CHAIRO NO HAKO DESU. | KORE WA SHIROI HAKO DESU.\n\"This is a brown box.\" | \"This is a white box.\"\nKORE WA CHAIRO DEWA ARIMASEN. | KORE WA SHIROKU WA ARIMASEN.\n\"This is not brown.\" | \"This is not white.\""},{"section":2,"text":"Particle YA\n\nThe particle YA indicates that the substantives to which it is attached are in a series of substantives, not all named, and means '---and---among others' or '---,--- and others.' As in the case of the conjunctive particle TO, the particle YA is used only between substantives and not between adjectives and verbs. The particle YA, however, is not used after the last substantive named.\n\nKAMI TO ENPITSU TO HON GA ARIMASU. \"There are a sheet of paper and a pencil and a book.\"\n\nKAMI YA ENPITSU GA ARIMASU. \"There are a sheet of paper and a pencil among other things.\""},{"section":3,"text":"NA-adjective\n\nThe word KIREI is an abstract noun and is called the root of the NA-adjective.\n\nOne of the functions of the NA-adjectives is to modify the noun that follows them. Note that NA instead of NO is placed before the noun to be modified. The NA-adjectives inflect, but the NO-adjectives do not. The inflection of the NA-adjectives will be explained later in the course. The function of NA-adjectives is the same as that of I-adjectives, that is:\n\nKORE WA KIREI NA HANA DESU. \"This is a pretty flower.\"\n\nKONO HANA WA KIREI DESU. \"This flower is pretty.\"\n\nKONO HANA WA KIREI DEWA ARIMASEN. \"This flower is not pretty.\""},{"section":4,"text":"Pronoun NO 'one(s)'\n\nThe particle NO is often used as a pronoun to substitute for something or someone whose specific identity is known from the context. In other words, it follows a modifier and serves to nominalize it. For example:\n\nAKAI NO 'red one'\n\nOOKII NO 'big one'\n\nKIREI NA NO 'pretty one'\n\nAt times the NO-adjective, like MOMOIRO NO, is used in place of MOMOIRO NO MONO or MOMOIRO NO NO. In other words, the NO-adjective has a notion of 'thing' or 'person' in itself.\n\nExamples:\n\nCHAIRO NO 'brown one'\n\nMIDORI NO 'green one'\n\nMURASAKI NO 'purple one'\n\nThe possessive pronoun WATAKUSHI NO is used as a substitute for WATAKUSHI NO MONO or WATAKUSHI NO NO. The following list shows short possessive case forms of some pronouns.\n\nWATAKUSHI NO 'mine'\n\nANATA NO 'yours'\n\nANOKATA NO 'his (hers)'\n\nWATAKUSHI DOMO NO 'ours'\n\nKARE NO 'his'"},{"section":5,"text":"AMARI or AMMARI\n\nThe word AMARI or AMMARI is an adverb of degree. Followed by negative adjectives or verbs, it expresses the meaning of 'excessively,' 'not very (much),' 'not so (much),' or 'not too (many).'\n\nAMMARI CHIISAKU WA ARIMASEN. \"It is not too small.\"\n\nAMMARI KIREI DEWA ARIMASEN. \"It is not too pretty.\"\n\nAKAI NO WA AMARI ARIMASEN. \"There aren't too many red ones.\""}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"いろ","gloss":"color"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"まえ","gloss":"front"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ちゃいろ","gloss":"brown"},{"word":"かびん","gloss":"flower vase"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いろがみ","gloss":"color paper"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Flowers and their colours · Dialogue 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Flowers in a vase","paragraphs":["Two speakers discuss the many flowers in a vase and name their colors.","*あかい はなや きいろい はなや ももいろの はなが あります* names red, yellow, and pink flowers among others."]},{"title":"The brown ones","paragraphs":["*ちゃいろのも ありますか* means \"Are there brown ones, too?\" The flower is understood, so *ちゃいろの* stands for the brown ones.","*ちゃいろのは ありません* answers that there are no brown ones."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L011.dlg.007","source":"かびんの なかに なにが ありますか。","translation":"What is there in the vase?","reading":"かびんのなかになにがありますか。","words":[{"text":"かびん","gloss":"flower vase"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"なか","gloss":"inside"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"なに","gloss":"what"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L011.dlg.008","source":"かびんの なかに はなが たくさん あります。","translation":"There are many flowers in the vase.","reading":"かびんのなかにはながたくさんあります。","words":[{"text":"かびん","gloss":"flower vase"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"なか","gloss":"inside"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flowers"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"たくさん","gloss":"many"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L011.dlg.009","source":"どんないろの はなが ありますか。","translation":"What color flowers are there?","reading":"どんないろのはながありますか。","words":[{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"いろ","gloss":"color"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flowers"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L011.dlg.010","source":"あかい はなや きいろい はなや ももいろの はなが あります。","translation":"There are red flowers, yellow flowers, pink flowers and others.","reading":"あかいはなやきいろいはなやももいろのはながあります。","words":[{"text":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flowers"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"きいろい","gloss":"yellow"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flowers"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"ももいろ","gloss":"pink"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flowers"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L011.dlg.011","source":"ちゃいろのも ありますか。","translation":"Are there brown ones, too?","reading":"ちゃいろのもありますか。","words":[{"text":"ちゃいろ","gloss":"brown"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L011.dlg.012","source":"いいえ、 ちゃいろのは ありません。","translation":"No, there are no brown ones.","reading":"いいえ、ちゃいろのはありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"ちゃいろ","gloss":"brown"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"word":"たくさん","gloss":"many"},{"word":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"word":"きいろい","gloss":"yellow"},{"word":"ももいろ","gloss":"pink"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Counting flowers and buds · Dialogue 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Pink flowers and buds","paragraphs":["The speakers count pink flowers and buds, then identify a purple flower.","*ももいろのが いくつ ありますか* means \"How many pink ones are there?\" The answer counts ten pink ones.","*この むらさきのは なんの はなですか* asks what flower the purple one is. It is a chrysanthemum."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L011.dlg.013","source":"ももいろのが いくつ ありますか。","translation":"How many pink ones are there?","reading":"ももいろのがいくつありますか。","words":[{"text":"ももいろ","gloss":"pink"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いく","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L011.dlg.014","source":"ももいろのが 一つ、二つ、三つ、四つ、五つ、六つ、七つ、八つ、九つ、十。 十 あります。","translation":"There are one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten--ten pink ones.","reading":"ももいろのがひとつ、ふたつ、みっつ、よっつ、いつつ、むっつ、ななつ、やっつ、ここのつ、じゅう。じゅうあります。","words":[{"text":"ももいろ","gloss":"pink"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ、","gloss":"one"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"ふた"},{"text":"つ、","gloss":"two"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"みっ"},{"text":"つ、","gloss":"three"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four","reading":"よっ"},{"text":"つ、","gloss":"four"},{"text":"五","gloss":"five","reading":"い"},{"text":"つ、","gloss":"five"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six","reading":"つむっ"},{"text":"つ、","gloss":"six"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven","reading":"なな"},{"text":"つ、","gloss":"seven"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eight","reading":"やっ"},{"text":"つ、","gloss":"eight"},{"text":"九","gloss":"nine","reading":"ここの"},{"text":"つ、","gloss":"nine"},{"text":"十。","gloss":"ten","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"十","gloss":"ten","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L011.dlg.015","source":"つぼみも ありますね。","translation":"There are buds, too, aren't there?","reading":"つぼみもありますね。","words":[{"text":"つぼみ","gloss":"buds"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L011.dlg.016","source":"ええ、 つぼみが 三つ あります。","translation":"Yes, there are three buds.","reading":"ええ、つぼみがみっつあります。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"つぼみ","gloss":"buds"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"みっ"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"three"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L011.dlg.017","source":"この むらさきのは なんの はなですか。","translation":"What flower is this purple one?","reading":"このむらさきのはなんのはなですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"むらさき","gloss":"purple"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L011.dlg.018","source":"それは きくの はなです。","translation":"That is a chrysanthemum.","reading":"それはきくのはなです。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きく","gloss":"chrysanthemum"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"つぼみ","gloss":"buds"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"きく","gloss":"chrysanthemum"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Judging flowers as pretty · Dialogue 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Two judgments about flowers","paragraphs":["The speakers describe a chrysanthemum as very pretty and identify another pretty flower as a peach blossom.","They then agree that another flower is not very pretty."]},{"title":"Pretty and not very pretty","paragraphs":["In *この きれいなのは なんの はなですか*, *きれいな* describes the understood flower, and *の* stands for it.","*この はなは あまり きれいでは ありませんね* means \"This flower is not too pretty, is it?\" Here *あまり* accompanies the negative description."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L011.dlg.019","source":"きくの はなは きれいですね。","translation":"The chrysanthemum flower is pretty, isn't it?","reading":"きくのはなはきれいですね。","words":[{"text":"きく","gloss":"chrysanthemum"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L011.dlg.020","source":"ええ、 とても きれいです。","translation":"Yes, it's very pretty.","reading":"ええ、とてもきれいです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L011.dlg.021","source":"この きれいなのは なんの はなですか。","translation":"What flower is this pretty one?","reading":"このきれいなのはなんのはなですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"な","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.dlg.021.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L011.dlg.022","source":"それは ももの はなです。","translation":"That's a peach blossom.","reading":"それはもものはなです。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"もも","gloss":"peach"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.dlg.022.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L011.dlg.023","source":"この はなは あまり きれいでは ありませんね。","translation":"This flower is not too pretty, is it?","reading":"このはなはあまりきれいではありませんね。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"not very"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.dlg.023.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L011.dlg.024","source":"ええ、 あまり きれい では ありません。","translation":"No, it's not so pretty.","reading":"ええ、あまりきれいではありません。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"not very"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.dlg.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"とても","gloss":"very, indeed"},{"word":"もも","gloss":"peach"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Naming colours of things · Pattern 1 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A gray wall","paragraphs":["*これは ねずみいろの かべです* means \"This is a gray wall.\" The color noun *ねずみいろ* takes *の* before *かべ*."]},{"title":"Color nouns before nouns","paragraphs":["*これは オレンヂいろの かみです* means \"This is an orange color paper.\"","Red, blue, yellow, black, and white are I-adjectives. Other colors are nouns.","A color noun takes *の* before the noun it describes, as in *オレンヂいろの かみ*."]}],"lines":[{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt1.m1","source":"これは ねずみいろの かべです。","translation":"This is a gray wall.","reading":"これはねずみいろのかべです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ねずみ","gloss":"gray"},{"text":"いろ","gloss":"gray"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"かべ","gloss":"wall"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt1.01","source":"これは ちゃいろの テーブルです。","translation":"This is a brown table.","reading":"これはちゃいろのテーブルです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ちゃいろ","gloss":"brown"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"テーブル","gloss":"table"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt1.02","source":"これは ももいろの はなです。","translation":"This is a pink flower.","reading":"これはももいろのはなです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ももいろ","gloss":"pink"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt1.03","source":"これは ねずみいろの ぼうしです。","translation":"This is a gray hat.","reading":"これはねずみいろのぼうしです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ねずみ","gloss":"gray"},{"text":"いろ","gloss":"gray"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ぼうし","gloss":"hat"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt1.04","source":"これは オレンヂいろの かみです。","translation":"This is an orange color paper.","reading":"これはオレンヂいろのかみです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"オレンヂ","gloss":"orange"},{"text":"いろ","gloss":"orange"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"かみ","gloss":"paper"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt1.05","source":"これは みどりいろの えんぴつです。","translation":"This is a green pencil.","reading":"これはみどりいろのえんぴつです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"みどりいろ","gloss":"green"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt1.06","source":"これは むらさきいろの はなです。","translation":"This is a purple flower.","reading":"これはむらさきいろのはなです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むらさき","gloss":"purple"},{"text":"いろ","gloss":"purple"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt1.07","source":"これは ももいろの はなですか。","translation":"Is this a pink flower?","reading":"これはももいろのはなですか。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ももいろ","gloss":"pink"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt1.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"オレンヂ","gloss":"orange"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking what colour things are · Pattern 1 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The color of the wall","paragraphs":["*この かべは どんないろですか* asks \"What sort of color is this wall?\"","*そのかべは ねずみいろです* answers \"That wall is gray.\" A color noun before *です* does not take *の*."]},{"title":"A negative color","paragraphs":["*さくらのはなは オレンヂいろでは ありません* means \"Cherry blossoms are not orange color.\"","The negative predicate uses *では ありません* without *の*. A color noun before a noun takes *の*, as in *ももいろのはな*."]}],"lines":[{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt1.08","source":"いいえ、 それは ももいろのはなでは ありません。","translation":"No, that's not a pink flower.","reading":"いいえ、それはももいろのはなではありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ももいろ","gloss":"pink"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt1.09","source":"では、 これは どんないろの はなですか。","translation":"Then, what color flower is this?","reading":"では、これはどんないろのはなですか。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"いろ","gloss":"color"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt1.10","source":"それは むらさきいろの はなです。","translation":"That's a purple flower.","reading":"それはむらさきいろのはなです。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むらさき","gloss":"purple"},{"text":"いろ","gloss":"purple"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt1.11","source":"さくらの はなは オレンヂいろですか。","translation":"Are cherry blossoms orange color?","reading":"さくらのはなはオレンヂいろですか。","words":[{"text":"さくら","gloss":"cherry blossom"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"オレンヂ","gloss":"orange"},{"text":"いろ","gloss":"orange"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt1.12","source":"いいえ、 さくらのはなは オレンヂいろでは ありません。 ももいろです。","translation":"No, cherry blossoms are not orange color. They are pink.","reading":"いいえ、さくらのはなはオレンヂいろではありません。ももいろです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"さくら","gloss":"cherry blossom"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"オレンヂ","gloss":"orange"},{"text":"いろ","gloss":"orange"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ももいろ","gloss":"pink"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt1.13","source":"この かべは どんないろですか。","translation":"What sort of color is this wall?","reading":"このかべはどんないろですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"かべ","gloss":"wall"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"いろ","gloss":"color"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt1.14","source":"そのかべは ねずみいろです。","translation":"That wall is gray.","reading":"そのかべはねずみいろです。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"かべ","gloss":"wall"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ねずみ","gloss":"gray"},{"text":"いろ","gloss":"gray"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt1.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"さくら","gloss":"cherry (flower)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Describing pretty and plain things · Pattern 2 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A pretty flower","paragraphs":["*これは きれいな はなです* means \"This is a pretty flower.\" A NA-adjective describes a noun and takes *な* before it."]},{"title":"Pretty at the end","paragraphs":["*このはなは きれいです* means \"This flower is pretty.\" At the end, *きれい* comes before *です* without *な*.","*あのはなは きれいでは ありません* means \"That flower over there is not pretty.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt2.m1","source":"これは きれいな はなです。","translation":"This is a pretty flower.","reading":"これはきれいなはなです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"な","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt2.01","source":"これは きれいな えです。","translation":"This is a pretty picture.","reading":"これはきれいなえです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"な","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"え","gloss":"picture"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt2.02","source":"それは きれいな えでは ありません。","translation":"That's not a pretty picture.","reading":"それはきれいなえではありません。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"な","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"え","gloss":"picture"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt2.03","source":"このはなは きれいです。","translation":"This flower is pretty.","reading":"このはなはきれいです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt2.04","source":"あのはなは きれいでは ありません。","translation":"That flower over there is not pretty.","reading":"あのはなはきれいではありません。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that over there"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt2.05","source":"この きくのはなは きれいですね。","translation":"This chrysanthemum is pretty, isn't it?","reading":"このきくのはなはきれいですね。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"きく","gloss":"chrysanthemum"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt2.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Degrees of prettiness · Pattern 2 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Very pretty","paragraphs":["*それは とても きれいな かびんです* means \"That is a very pretty flower vase.\"","*とても* means \"very\" and comes before *きれいな*."]},{"title":"Not so pretty","paragraphs":["*その いろがみは あまり きれいでは ありません* means \"That color paper is not so pretty.\"","Here *あまり* accompanies the negative form *きれいでは ありません*."]}],"lines":[{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt2.06","source":"ええ、 とても きれいです。","translation":"Yes, it's very pretty.","reading":"ええ、とてもきれいです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt2.07","source":"この いろがみは きれいですか。","translation":"Is this color paper pretty?","reading":"このいろがみはきれいですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"いろがみ","gloss":"color paper"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt2.07.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt2.08","source":"いいえ、 その いろがみは あまり きれいでは ありません。","translation":"No, that color paper is not so pretty.","reading":"いいえ、そのいろがみはあまりきれいではありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"いろがみ","gloss":"color paper"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"not very"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt2.09","source":"これは きれいな かびんですね。","translation":"This is a pretty flower vase, isn't it?","reading":"これはきれいなかびんですね。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"な","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"かびん","gloss":"flower vase"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt2.10","source":"ええ、 それは とても きれいな かびんです。","translation":"Yes, that's a very pretty flower vase.","reading":"ええ、それはとてもきれいなかびんです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"な","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"かびん","gloss":"flower vase"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt2.10.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Referring to things by qualities · Pattern 3 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Three red ones","paragraphs":["*あかいのが 三つ あります* means \"There are three red ones.\" The noun is understood from the context.","The particle *の* follows *あかい* and stands for the understood thing."]},{"title":"The understood one","paragraphs":["*きれいなのが たなかさんの おくさんです* means \"The pretty one is Mrs. Tanaka.\"","The particle *の* can stand for a person or thing understood from the context. The NA-adjective retains *な* before *の*.","*ももいろのが たくさん あります* means \"There are many pink ones.\" A color noun retains its *の*."]}],"lines":[{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt3.m1","source":"あかいのが 三つ あります。","translation":"There are three red ones.","reading":"あかいのがみっつあります。","words":[{"text":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"みっ"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"three"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt3.m1.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt3.01","source":"ももいろのが たくさん あります。","translation":"There are many pink ones.","reading":"ももいろのがたくさんあります。","words":[{"text":"ももいろ","gloss":"pink"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"たくさん","gloss":"many"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt3.01.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt3.02","source":"きれいなのが たなかさんの おくさんです。","translation":"The pretty one is Mrs. Tanaka.","reading":"きれいなのがたなかさんのおくさんです。","words":[{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"な","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"たなか","gloss":"Mrs. Tanaka"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mrs. Tanaka"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"おく","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt3.02.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt3.03","source":"あおいのは おおきいです。","translation":"The blue one is large.","reading":"あおいのはおおきいです。","words":[{"text":"あおい","gloss":"blue"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おおきい","gloss":"large"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt3.03.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt3.04","source":"あかいのと くろいのが あります。","translation":"There are a red one and a black one.","reading":"あかいのとくろいのがあります。","words":[{"text":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"くろい","gloss":"black"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt3.04.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt3.05","source":"ももいろのと むらさきのが あります。","translation":"There are a pink one and a purple one.","reading":"ももいろのとむらさきのがあります。","words":[{"text":"ももいろ","gloss":"pink"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"むらさき","gloss":"purple"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt3.05.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt3.06","source":"ちいさいのは たなかさんです。","translation":"The small one is Mr. Tanaka.","reading":"ちいさいのはたなかさんです。","words":[{"text":"ちいさい","gloss":"small"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"たなか","gloss":"Tanaka"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt3.06.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt3.07","source":"きれいなのは ありません。","translation":"There is no pretty one.","reading":"きれいなのはありません。","words":[{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"な","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt3.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"あおい","gloss":"blue"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"くろい","gloss":"black"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Identifying things by description · Pattern 3 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The brown one is mine","paragraphs":["*ちゃいろのが わたくしのです* means \"The brown one is mine.\"","The *の* in *ちゃいろの* stands for the pencil. The possessive *わたくしの* stands for \"mine\" without repeating the pencil."]},{"title":"Not many pretty ones","paragraphs":["*きれいなのは あまり ありません* means \"There are not so many pretty ones.\"","The NA-adjective keeps *な* before *の*, as in *きれいなの*. The understood noun is flowers."]}],"lines":[{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt3.08","source":"わるいのは あなたです。","translation":"The bad one is you.","reading":"わるいのはあなたです。","words":[{"text":"わるい","gloss":"bad"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt3.08.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt3.09","source":"かびんの なかに あかいはなが ありますか。","translation":"Is there a red flower in the flower vase?","reading":"かびんのなかにあかいはながありますか。","words":[{"text":"かびん","gloss":"flower vase"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"なか","gloss":"inside"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt3.09.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt3.10","source":"いいえ、 あかいのは ありません。","translation":"No, there is no red one.","reading":"いいえ、あかいのはありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt3.10.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt3.11","source":"あかい えんぴつは あなたのですか。","translation":"Is the red pencil yours?","reading":"あかいえんぴつはあなたのですか。","words":[{"text":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt3.11.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt3.12","source":"いいえ、 ちゃいろのが わたくしのです。","translation":"No, the brown one is mine.","reading":"いいえ、ちゃいろのがわたくしのです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"ちゃいろ","gloss":"brown"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"わたくし","gloss":"I"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt3.12.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt3.13","source":"きれいな はなが たくさん ありますか。","translation":"Are there many pretty flowers?","reading":"きれいなはながたくさんありますか。","words":[{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"な","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"たくさん","gloss":"many"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt3.13.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt3.14","source":"いいえ、 きれいなのは あまり ありません。","translation":"No, there are not so many pretty ones.","reading":"いいえ、きれいなのはあまりありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"な","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt3.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Listing examples among others · Pattern 4 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Flowers among others","paragraphs":["*あかい はなや あおい はなが あります* means \"There are red flowers and blue flowers among others.\"","The particle *や* follows the first example and leaves other flowers unnamed."]},{"title":"Examples in a series","paragraphs":["*むらさきのや ももいろのや ちゃいろのが あります* lists purple, pink, and brown ones among others.","The particle *や* joins nouns or understood things named with *の* as examples. It does not follow the last one."]}],"lines":[{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt4.m1","source":"あかい はなや あおい はなが あります。","translation":"There are red flowers and blue flowers among others.","reading":"あかいはなやあおいはながあります。","words":[{"text":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"あおい","gloss":"blue"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt4.m1.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt4.01","source":"つくえのうえに ほんや えんぴつが あります。","translation":"There are books and pencils among other things on the desk.","reading":"つくえのうえにほんやえんぴつがあります。","words":[{"text":"つくえ","gloss":"desk"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"うえ","gloss":"top"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"ほん","gloss":"book"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt4.01.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt4.02","source":"おおきい はこや ちいさい はこが あります。","translation":"There are large boxes and small boxes among other things.","reading":"おおきいはこやちいさいはこがあります。","words":[{"text":"おおきい","gloss":"large"},{"text":"はこ","gloss":"box"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"ちいさい","gloss":"small"},{"text":"はこ","gloss":"box"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt4.02.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt4.03","source":"たむらさんや パーカーさんは せいとです。","translation":"Mr. Tamura and Mr. Parker among others are students.","reading":"たむらさんやパーカーさんはせいとです。","words":[{"text":"たむら","gloss":"Tamura"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"や","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"student"},{"text":"と","gloss":"student"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt4.03.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt4.04","source":"むらさきのや ももいろのや ちゃいろのが あります。","translation":"There are purple ones, pink ones, brown ones among others.","reading":"むらさきのやももいろのやちゃいろのがあります。","words":[{"text":"むらさき","gloss":"purple"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"ももいろ","gloss":"pink"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"ちゃいろ","gloss":"brown"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt4.04.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt4.05","source":"ももいろのや みどりのは きれいです。","translation":"Pink ones and green ones among others are pretty.","reading":"ももいろのやみどりのはきれいです。","words":[{"text":"ももいろ","gloss":"pink"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"みどり","gloss":"green"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt4.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking for examples present · Pattern 4 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Red and yellow ones","paragraphs":["*かびんの なかに どんないろの はなが ありますか* asks what color flowers are in the vase.","*あかいのや きいろいのが あります* answers that red and yellow ones are there among others."]},{"title":"Descriptions as examples","paragraphs":["*あかいのや あおいのや きいろいのが あります* names red, blue, and yellow ones while leaving other pencils unnamed.","The *の* marks the understood pencils. The particle *や* marks the colors as selected examples."]}],"lines":[{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt4.06","source":"つくえの うえに なにが ありますか。","translation":"What's there on the desk?","reading":"つくえのうえになにがありますか。","words":[{"text":"つくえ","gloss":"desk"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"うえ","gloss":"top"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"なに","gloss":"what"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt4.06.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt4.07","source":"かみや はこが あります。","translation":"There are papers and boxes among others.","reading":"かみやはこがあります。","words":[{"text":"かみ","gloss":"paper"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"はこ","gloss":"box"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt4.07.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt4.08","source":"かびんの なかに どんないろの はなが ありますか。","translation":"What color flowers are there in the flower vase?","reading":"かびんのなかにどんないろのはながありますか。","words":[{"text":"かびん","gloss":"flower vase"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"なか","gloss":"inside"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"いろ","gloss":"color"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt4.08.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt4.09","source":"あかいのや きいろいのが あります。","translation":"There are red ones and yellow ones among others.","reading":"あかいのやきいろいのがあります。","words":[{"text":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"きいろい","gloss":"yellow"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt4.09.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt4.10","source":"はこの なかに えんぴつが たくさん ありますか。","translation":"Are there many pencils in the box?","reading":"はこのなかにえんぴつがたくさんありますか。","words":[{"text":"は","gloss":"box"},{"text":"この","gloss":"box"},{"text":"なか","gloss":"inside"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"たくさん","gloss":"many"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt4.10.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt4.11","source":"ええ、 あかいのや あおいのや きいろいのが あります。","translation":"Yes, there are red ones, blue ones, and yellow ones among others.","reading":"ええ、あかいのやあおいのやきいろいのがあります。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"あおい","gloss":"blue"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"きいろい","gloss":"yellow"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt4.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Describing things as not very · Pattern 5 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Not too pretty","paragraphs":["*この はなは あまり きれいでは ありません* means \"This flower is not too pretty.\"","The word *あまり* comes before the negative NA-adjective predicate *きれいでは ありません*."]},{"title":"Not very","paragraphs":["*たむらさんは あまり おおきくは ありません* means \"Mr. Tamura is not too big.\"","Before a negative adjective or verb, *あまり* means \"not very\", \"not so much\", or \"not too many\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt5.m1","source":"この はなは あまり きれいでは ありません。","translation":"This flower is not too pretty.","reading":"このはなはあまりきれいではありません。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"too"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt5.m1.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt5.01","source":"たむらさんは あまり おおきくは ありません。","translation":"Mr. Tamura is not too big.","reading":"たむらさんはあまりおおきくはありません。","words":[{"text":"たむら","gloss":"Tamura"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"too"},{"text":"おおきく","gloss":"big"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt5.01.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt5.02","source":"この いとは あまり ながくは ありません。","translation":"This string is not too long.","reading":"このいとはあまりながくはありません。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"い","gloss":"string"},{"text":"と","gloss":"string"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"too"},{"text":"ながく","gloss":"long"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt5.02.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt5.03","source":"この ほんは あまり あつくは ありません。","translation":"This book is not too thick.","reading":"このほんはあまりあつくはありません。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"ほん","gloss":"book"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"too"},{"text":"あつく","gloss":"thick"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt5.03.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt5.04","source":"この いろがみは あまり きれいでは ありません。","translation":"This color paper is not too pretty.","reading":"このいろがみはあまりきれいではありません。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"いろがみ","gloss":"colored paper"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"too"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt5.04.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt5.05","source":"この えんぴつは あまり みじかくは ありません。","translation":"This pencil is not too short.","reading":"このえんぴつはあまりみじかくはありません。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"too"},{"text":"みじかく","gloss":"short"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt5.05.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt5.06","source":"この ざっしは あまり うすくは ありません。","translation":"This magazine is not too thin.","reading":"このざっしはあまりうすくはありません。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazine"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"too"},{"text":"うすく","gloss":"thin"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt5.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking if qualities apply · Pattern 5 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Not too small","paragraphs":["*たなかさんは ちいさいですか* asks whether Mr. Tanaka is small.","*いいえ、 あまり ちいさくは ありません* answers \"No, he is not too small.\" The I-adjective changes to its negative form after *あまり*."]},{"title":"A different quality","paragraphs":["*ももは あまり あかくは ありません* means \"Peaches are not too red.\"","The next statement, *きいろいです*, says they are yellow."]}],"lines":[{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt5.07","source":"たなかさんは ちいさいですか。","translation":"Is Mr. Tanaka small?","reading":"たなかさんはちいさいですか。","words":[{"text":"たなか","gloss":"Tanaka"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ちいさい","gloss":"small"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt5.07.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt5.08","source":"いいえ、 あまり ちいさくは ありません。","translation":"No, he is not too small.","reading":"いいえ、あまりちいさくはありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"too"},{"text":"ちいさく","gloss":"small"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt5.08.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt5.09","source":"ももは あかいですか。","translation":"Are peaches red?","reading":"ももはあかいですか。","words":[{"text":"もも","gloss":"peaches"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt5.09.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt5.10","source":"いいえ、 ももは あまり あかくは ありません。 きいろいです。","translation":"No, peaches are not too red. They are yellow.","reading":"いいえ、ももはあまりあかくはありません。きいろいです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"もも","gloss":"peaches"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"too"},{"text":"あかく","gloss":"red"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"きいろい","gloss":"yellow"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt5.10.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt5.11","source":"この きょうかしょは あついですか。","translation":"Is this textbook thick?","reading":"このきょうかしょはあついですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"きょうか","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あつい","gloss":"thick"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt5.11.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L011.pt5.12","source":"いいえ、 あまり あつくは ありません。","translation":"No, it is not too thick.","reading":"いいえ、あまりあつくはありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"too"},{"text":"あつく","gloss":"thick"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.pt5.12.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Colours, flowers and fruit · Word list 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Colors, flowers, and objects","paragraphs":["These words cover colors, flowers, and related objects.","*ももいろ* means \"pink\", *ねずみいろ* means \"gray\", and *オレンヂいろ* means \"orange color\".","The group also includes *いろがみ*, \"color paper\", *かびん*, \"flower vase\", and *つぼみ*, \"buds\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L011.w.001","source":"ももいろ","translation":"pink","reading":"ももいろ","words":[{"text":"ももいろ","gloss":"pink"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.w.001.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L011.w.002","source":"ちゃいろ","translation":"brown","reading":"ちゃいろ","words":[{"text":"ちゃいろ","gloss":"brown"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.w.002.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L011.w.003","source":"ねずみいろ","translation":"gray","reading":"ねずみいろ","words":[{"text":"ねずみいろ","gloss":"gray"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.w.003.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L011.w.004","source":"オレンヂいろ","translation":"orange color","reading":"オレンヂいろ","words":[{"text":"オレンヂいろ","gloss":"orange color"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.w.004.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L011.w.005","source":"むらさき(いろ)","translation":"purple","reading":"むらさき(いろ)","words":[{"text":"むらさき(いろ)","gloss":"purple"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.w.005.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L011.w.006","source":"みどり(いろ)","translation":"green","reading":"みどり(いろ)","words":[{"text":"みどり(いろ)","gloss":"green"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.w.006.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L011.w.007","source":"いろがみ","translation":"color paper","reading":"いろがみ","words":[{"text":"いろがみ","gloss":"colored paper"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.w.007.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L011.w.008","source":"かびん","translation":"flower vase","reading":"かびん","words":[{"text":"かびん","gloss":"flower vase"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.w.008.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L011.w.009","source":"つぼみ","translation":"buds","reading":"つぼみ","words":[{"text":"つぼみ","gloss":"buds"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.w.009.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L011.w.010","source":"もも","translation":"peach","reading":"もも","words":[{"text":"もも","gloss":"peach"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.w.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ねずみいろ","gloss":"gray"},{"word":"オレンヂいろ","gloss":"orange color"},{"word":"むらさき(いろ)","gloss":"purple"},{"word":"みどり(いろ)","gloss":"green"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Flowers, quantities and descriptions · Word list 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Flowers and descriptions","paragraphs":["These words name flowers, quantity, degree, description, response, and selected examples.","*さくら* means \"cherry\", *きく* means \"chrysanthemum\", and *たくさん* means \"many\".","*とても* means \"very, indeed\". *あまり---ん* means \"not too much\", while *や* means \"and, among others\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L011.w.011","source":"さくら","translation":"cherry (flower)","reading":"さくら","words":[{"text":"さくら","gloss":"cherry blossom"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.w.011.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L011.w.012","source":"きく","translation":"chrysanthemum","reading":"きく","words":[{"text":"きく","gloss":"chrysanthemum"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.w.012.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L011.w.013","source":"オレンヂ","translation":"orange","reading":"オレンヂ","words":[{"text":"オレンヂ","gloss":"orange"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.w.013.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L011.w.014","source":"たくさん","translation":"many","reading":"たくさん","words":[{"text":"たくさん","gloss":"many"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.w.014.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L011.w.015","source":"とても","translation":"very, indeed","reading":"とても","words":[{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.w.015.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L011.w.016","source":"あまり---ん","translation":"not too (much) (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"あまり---ん","words":[{"text":"あまり---ん","gloss":"not too much"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.w.016.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L011.w.017","source":"きれいな","translation":"pretty","reading":"きれいな","words":[{"text":"きれいな","gloss":"pretty"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.w.017.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L011.w.018","source":"ええ","translation":"Yes","reading":"ええ","words":[{"text":"ええ","gloss":"yes"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.w.018.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L011.w.019","source":"や","translation":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"や","words":[{"text":"や","gloss":"and others"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L011.w.019.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":6,"text":"Homework Assignment\n\n1. Listen to the tape and practice pronunciation.\n\n2. Memorize the Dialogue.\n\n3. Read the Grammar Notes.\n\n4. Practice reading and writing of KANJI."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"あまり---ん","gloss":"not too (much) (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"きれいな","gloss":"pretty"},{"word":"ええ","gloss":"Yes"}],"paradigms":[]}]}