{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L113","title":"Lesson 113","stage":"Reading Japan","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 113: railways linking cities and stores · dialogue 1 of 6, building takarazuka attractions · dialogue 2 of 6, housing, baseball, department stores and city sights · dialogue 5 of 6, local restaurants and cuisine · dialogue 6 of 6, planning a departure time · perception drill, assuming someone will not go · perception drill, exploring hypothetical outcomes · perception drill, decisions under stated conditions · pattern 1 1 of 3, hypothetical costs, food choices under assumptions · pattern 1 3 of 3, terminal stores and train routes · questions 1 of 2, railways, recreation, commuting, commerce.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/111","lines":126},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/110","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/112","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Railways linking cities and stores · Dialogue 1 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"A department store that is also a station","paragraphs":["One speaker asks for examples of satellite cities and terminal department stores. The other chooses the railway commonly called *阪急*.","*その 百貨店は 京阪神急行電鉄の 駅に なっているのです* means \"That department store serves as a station for the Keihanshin Express Railway.\""]},{"title":"Three destinations from Osaka","paragraphs":["*そこから 電車で 神戸へ 行く事も 出来れば、京都へ 行く事も 出来るし、宝塚へ 行く事も 出来るのです* lists three journeys from that station.","Passengers can travel by train to Kobe, Kyoto, or Takarazuka."]},{"title":"Kanji: 貨","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.001","source":"あなたは 今、えいせい都市とか、ターミナル・デパートとか おっしゃったが、一つ二つ 例を あげて 話してくださいませんか。","translation":"You have just said satellite cities and terminal department stores, but won’t you please talk about them citing one or two examples?","reading":"あなたはいま、えいせいとしとか、ターミナル・デパートとかおっしゃったが、ひとつふたつれいをあげてはなしてくださいませんか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今、","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"えいせい","gloss":"satellite city"},{"text":"都市","gloss":"satellite city","reading":"とし"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"ターミナル・","gloss":"terminal department store"},{"text":"デパート","gloss":"terminal department store"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"か","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"おっしゃっ","gloss":"said"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"ふた"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"two"},{"text":"例","gloss":"example","reading":"れい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あげ","gloss":"cite"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"talk","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください","gloss":"please"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.002","source":"そうですね。では、京阪神急行電鉄を 例に とりましょう。普通 これは 阪急の 名で 知られています。","translation":"Well, let’s take \"KEIHANSHIN KYUUKOO DENTETSU\" for an example, then. Ordinarily this is known by the name of \"HANKYUU.","reading":"そうですね。では、けいはんしんきゅうこうでんてつをれいにとりましょう。ふつうこれははんきゅうのなでしられています。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"京阪神","gloss":"Keihanshin Express Railway","reading":"けいはんしん"},{"text":"急行","gloss":"Keihanshin Express Railway","reading":"きゅうこう"},{"text":"電鉄","gloss":"Keihanshin Express Railway","reading":"でんてつ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"例","gloss":"example","reading":"れい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as"},{"text":"とり","gloss":"take"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"let us"},{"text":"普通","gloss":"ordinarily","reading":"ふつう"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"阪急","gloss":"Hankyu","reading":"はんきゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"名","gloss":"name","reading":"な"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"知ら","gloss":"is known","reading":"しら"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is known"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is known"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is known"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is known"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.003","source":"阪急は デパートでは ないのですか。","translation":"Isn’t HANKYUU a department store?","reading":"はんきゅうはデパートではないのですか。","words":[{"text":"阪急","gloss":"Hankyu","reading":"はんきゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"デパート","gloss":"department store"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.004","source":"いいえ、大阪駅の となりにある 百貨店です。ところが その 百貨店は 京阪神急行電鉄の 駅に なっているのです。","translation":"Yes, it is a department store situated next to the Osaka Station. However, that department store has been a station for KEIHANSHIN KYUUKOO DENTETSU line.","reading":"いいえ、おおさかえきのとなりにあるひゃっかてんです。ところがそのひゃっかてんはけいはんしんきゅうこうでんてつのえきになっているのです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"大阪","gloss":"Osaka Station","reading":"おおさか"},{"text":"駅","gloss":"Osaka Station","reading":"えき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"となり","gloss":"next door"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"located"},{"text":"百貨","gloss":"department store","reading":"ひゃっか"},{"text":"店","gloss":"department store","reading":"てん"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"however"},{"text":"が","gloss":"however"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"百貨","gloss":"department store","reading":"ひゃっか"},{"text":"店","gloss":"department store","reading":"てん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"京阪神","gloss":"Keihanshin Express Railway","reading":"けいはんしん"},{"text":"急行","gloss":"Keihanshin Express Railway","reading":"きゅうこう"},{"text":"電鉄","gloss":"Keihanshin Express Railway","reading":"でんてつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"駅","gloss":"station","reading":"えき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"has become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"has become"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"has become"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.005","source":"そうですか。","translation":"Is that right?","reading":"そうですか。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.006","source":"そこから 電車で 神戸へ 行く事も 出来れば、京都へ 行く事も 出来るし、宝塚へ 行く事も 出来るのです。","translation":"You can go to Kobe, to Kyoto, and to TAKARAZUKA from there by electric car.","reading":"そこからでんしゃでこうべへいくこともできれば、きょうとへいくこともできるし、たからづかへいくこともできるのです。","words":[{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"電車","gloss":"electric train","reading":"でんしゃ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"神戸","gloss":"Kobe","reading":"こうべ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"出来れ","gloss":"can","reading":"できれ"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"can","reading":"できる"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"宝塚","gloss":"Takarazuka","reading":"たからづか"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"can","reading":"できる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"---TO SUREBA Following the basic form of verbs and i-adjectives, the basic form of the non-polite past tense TA, the negative auxiliary NAI, and nouns plus DA, TO SUREBA expresses the meaning of \"assuming that it is ---,\" \"if you are to do ---,\" etc.\n\nExamples:\n\nOSAKA O KEMBUTSU SURU TO SUREBA --- \"If you are to do the sights of Osaka, ---\"\n\nKOMBAN DEKAKERU TO SUREBA --- \"If I am to leave tonight, ---\"\n\nKIMI GA IKANAI TO SUREBA --- \"If you are not going, ---\"\n\nASU ISOGASHII TO SUREBA --- \"If you are busy tomorrow, ---\"\n\nKYOO GA KINYOOBI DA TO SUREBA --- \"Assuming that today is Friday, ---\""},{"section":2,"text":"TAKARAZUKA. It is one of the most popular pleasure resorts in the Osaka-Kobe district. Its mineral spring, which has been known since 1546, is cold, but is heated for bathing. The great attraction of TAKARAZUKA, however, is the recreation and Girls’ Operetta House, established in 1919 and managed by HANKYUU. This building contains three theaters; the largest for the girls’ operetta, the medium for movies, and the smallest for variety shows. It also has public and private baths, dining rooms, a library, zoological and botanical gardens, a childrens’ recreation ground, and other features. The operetta house is one of the largest of its kind in the Orient, with accommodations for 4,000 people. Its attractions include musical renditions of Japanese and foreign stories, revues, foreign operas, etc., alternately performed by three companies of girl players, trained in the Takarazuka Music School attached to the Operetta House."},{"section":3,"text":"Amusements. Osaka still retains the position it won in the feudal times as the dramatic center of Japan. The puppet show is a form of dramatic art peculiar to Osaka and can only be seen to perfection in the Bunrakuza Theater at Dootombori. The theaters for the presentation of the Noh classical drama are the Otsuki Noh Hall and the Yamamoto Noh Hall. There is also the Shin Kabukiza Theater."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"えいせい","gloss":"sanitation, health"},{"word":"都市","gloss":"city"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"か、","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"ください","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"急行","gloss":"express train"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"阪急","gloss":"abbreviation for Kei-Han-Shin Kyuukoo Dentetsu"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"名","gloss":"name"},{"word":"い","gloss":"stomach"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"駅","gloss":"railroad station"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"店","gloss":"store, shop"},{"word":"ところ","gloss":"place (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"電車","gloss":"streetcar, electric train"},{"word":"神戸","gloss":"Kobe"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"も","gloss":"as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"出来る","gloss":"to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)"},{"word":"し、","gloss":"city"},{"word":"宝塚","gloss":"P.N., amusement center and spa (See Cult. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Building Takarazuka attractions · Dialogue 2 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"Takarazuka draws passengers","paragraphs":["*乗客を ふやすために 宝塚に 少女かげきの 学校を たてたのです* means \"They built a girls' operetta school in Takarazuka to increase passengers.\"","Takarazuka is a popular pleasure resort in the Osaka-Kobe district. Its cold mineral spring is heated for bathing.","Hankyu manages its Girls' Operetta House. It contains three theaters, baths, gardens, dining rooms, a library, and a children's recreation ground."]},{"title":"Drama in Osaka","paragraphs":["*げき場を たてたり* says that they built a theater. Osaka has been a dramatic center since feudal times.","The Bunrakuza Theater at Dootombori presents Osaka puppet shows. Two Noh halls and the Shin Kabukiza Theater also stand in Osaka."]},{"title":"Kanji: 点, 泉","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 乗, 遊","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.007","source":"それでは 阪急 デパートは 終点駅ですか。","translation":"Is Hankyuu Department Store a terminal station, then?","reading":"それでははんきゅうデパートはしゅうてんえきですか。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"阪急","gloss":"Hankyu","reading":"はんきゅう"},{"text":"デパート","gloss":"department store"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"終点","gloss":"terminal station","reading":"しゅうてん"},{"text":"駅","gloss":"terminal station","reading":"えき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.008","source":"そうです。それで ターミナル・デパートと 言うんです。","translation":"That’s right. That is why they call it a terminal department store.","reading":"そうです。それでターミナル・デパートというんです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"ターミナル・","gloss":"terminal department store"},{"text":"デパート","gloss":"terminal department store"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"call","reading":"いう"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.009","source":"なるほど。それで 乗客は 一度 デパートに はいらなければ 電車に 乗れない 様に なっているのですか。","translation":"I see. Is it in such a way that passengers cannot get on the train unless they go into the department store once?","reading":"なるほど。それでじょうきゃくはいちどデパートにはいらなければでんしゃにのれないようになっているのですか。","words":[{"text":"なるほど。","gloss":"I see"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"乗客","gloss":"passengers","reading":"じょうきゃく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"度","gloss":"time","reading":"ど"},{"text":"デパート","gloss":"department store"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"はいら","gloss":"enter"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"unless"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"電車","gloss":"train","reading":"でんしゃ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"onto"},{"text":"乗れ","gloss":"board","reading":"のれ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"cannot"},{"text":"様","gloss":"way","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"is arranged"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is arranged"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is arranged"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.010","source":"そうです。それで 乗客を ふやすために 宝塚に 少女かげきの 学校を たてたのです。","translation":"That’s right. So they built a school for a girls’ operetta in Takarazuka in order to increase passengers.","reading":"そうです。それでじょうきゃくをふやすためにたからづかにしょうじょかげきのがっこうをたてたのです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"乗客","gloss":"passengers","reading":"じょうきゃく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ふやす","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"purpose"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"宝塚","gloss":"Takarazuka","reading":"たからづか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"少女","gloss":"girls' operetta","reading":"しょうじょ"},{"text":"かげき","gloss":"girls' operetta"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たて","gloss":"built"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.011","source":"それが 今の いわゆる 宝塚ですか。","translation":"Is that so-called \"TAKARAZUKA\" of today?","reading":"それがいまのいわゆるたからづかですか。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"今","gloss":"today","reading":"いま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"いわゆる","gloss":"so-called"},{"text":"宝塚","gloss":"Takarazuka","reading":"たからづか"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.012","source":"そうです。そして、その 学校の 中に げき場を たてたり、大きな 温泉場を たてたり、動物園、植物園を ひらいたりして、遊園地にしたのです。それで、乗客も ふえるんです。","translation":"That’s right. They built a theater, a large spa, and opened a zoo and a botanical garden in the school and made it an amusement park. Thus, passengers increased.","reading":"そうです。そして、そのがっこうのなかにげきじょうをたてたり、おおきなおんせんじょうをたてたり、どうぶつえん、しょくぶつえんをひらいたりして、ゆうえんちにしたのです。それで、じょうきゃくもふえるんです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そして、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中","gloss":"inside","reading":"なか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"げき","gloss":"theater"},{"text":"場","gloss":"theater"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たて","gloss":"built"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large"},{"text":"温泉","gloss":"hot spring"},{"text":"場","gloss":"hot spring"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たて","gloss":"built"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"動物","gloss":"zoo"},{"text":"園、","gloss":"zoo"},{"text":"植物","gloss":"botanical garden"},{"text":"園","gloss":"botanical garden"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ひらい","gloss":"opened"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"遊園","gloss":"amusement park","reading":"ゆうえん"},{"text":"地","gloss":"amusement park","reading":"ち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"し","gloss":"made"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"乗客","gloss":"passengers","reading":"じょうきゃく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ふえる","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"なるほど。","gloss":"I see, indeed, to be sure"},{"word":"乗客","gloss":"passenger"},{"word":"ふやす","gloss":"increase (v.t.)"},{"word":"少女","gloss":"young (little) girl"},{"word":"たて","gloss":"vertical"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いわゆる","gloss":"so called"},{"word":"げき","gloss":"play, drama"},{"word":"大きな","gloss":"big, large (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"ふえる","gloss":"to increase (v.i.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Housing, commuting and railway growth · Dialogue 3 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"Homes along the railway","paragraphs":["*沿線に 大きな 土地を 買って 住宅団地を つくり* says that Hankyu bought land along the railway and built a residential development.","*アパートや 住宅を かしたり、売ったりしているのです* means \"They rent or sell apartments and houses.\""]},{"title":"A stadium brings more passengers","paragraphs":["Residents commute on Hankyu trains and shop at its department store on their way home.","*西の宮に 十万人を しゅうよう 出来る 球場を つくりました* means \"They built a stadium in Nishinomiya that can hold one hundred thousand people.\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 沿, 団","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 住","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.013","source":"それでは 宝塚に行きたい人は 必ず 阪急を 利用するのですね。","translation":"Then, the people who want to go to TAKARAZUKA make use of HANKYUU without fail, is that right?","reading":"それではたからづかにいきたいひとはかならずはんきゅうをりようするのですね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"宝塚","gloss":"Takarazuka","reading":"たからづか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"必ず","gloss":"without fail","reading":"かならず"},{"text":"阪急","gloss":"Hankyu","reading":"はんきゅう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"利用","gloss":"use","reading":"りよう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.014","source":"そうです。でも、それだけでは 満足 出来ず、人口の ぞうかを みこして 沿線に 大きな 土地を 買って 住宅団地を つくり、大阪市で 働く 人々に アパートや 住宅を かしたり、売ったりしているのです。","translation":"That’s right. But they were not fully satisfied with that and they bought a large piece of land along this line and built a residential development anticipating an increase of population. They rent or sell apartments and houses to the people who work in the city of Osaka.","reading":"そうです。でも、それだけではまんぞくできず、じんこうのぞうかをみこしてえんせんにおおきなとちをかってじゅうたくだんちをつくり、おおさかしではたらくひとびとにアパートやじゅうたくをかしたり、うったりしているのです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"満足","gloss":"satisfied","reading":"まんぞく"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"could be","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ず、","gloss":"not"},{"text":"人口","gloss":"population","reading":"じんこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ぞう","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"か","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"みこし","gloss":"anticipating"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"沿線","gloss":"along the line","reading":"えんせん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"土地","gloss":"land","reading":"とち"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"bought","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"住宅","gloss":"residential development","reading":"じゅうたく"},{"text":"団地","gloss":"residential development","reading":"だんち"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つくり、","gloss":"built"},{"text":"大阪","gloss":"Osaka City","reading":"おおさか"},{"text":"市","gloss":"Osaka City","reading":"し"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"働く","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらく"},{"text":"人々","gloss":"people","reading":"ひとびと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"アパート","gloss":"apartments"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"住宅","gloss":"houses","reading":"じゅうたく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かし","gloss":"rent"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"売っ","gloss":"sell","reading":"うっ"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are doing"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.015","source":"それが えいせい都市に なったのですね。そして、そこに 住む人は いやがおうでも 阪急の 電車に 乗って 通きんする 訳ですなあ。","translation":"And that was developed into satellite cities, right? The people who live there commute to work on Hankyuu trains whether they like it or not, isn’t that right?","reading":"それがえいせいとしになったのですね。そして、そこにすむひとはいやがおうでもはんきゅうのでんしゃにのってつうきんするわけですなあ。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"えいせい","gloss":"satellite city"},{"text":"都市","gloss":"satellite city","reading":"とし"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"そして、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"住む","gloss":"live","reading":"すむ"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いや","gloss":"whether willing or not"},{"text":"が","gloss":"whether willing or not"},{"text":"お","gloss":"whether willing or not"},{"text":"うで","gloss":"whether willing or not"},{"text":"も","gloss":"whether willing or not"},{"text":"阪急","gloss":"Hankyu","reading":"はんきゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"電車","gloss":"train","reading":"でんしゃ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"onto"},{"text":"乗っ","gloss":"ride","reading":"のっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"通","gloss":"commute","reading":"つう"},{"text":"きん","gloss":"commute"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"reason","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なあ。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.016","source":"そうです。そして、一日の 仕事を おえて 帰る 時には デパートで 買物を する という ぐあいです。","translation":"That’s right. The condition is such that they shop at the department store on the way home after finishing a day’s work.","reading":"そうです。そして、いちにちのしごとをおえてかえるときにはデパートでかいものをするというぐあいです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そして、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one day","reading":"いち"},{"text":"日","gloss":"one day","reading":"にち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おえ","gloss":"finish"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"帰る","gloss":"return home","reading":"かえる"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"デパート","gloss":"department store"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"買物","gloss":"shopping","reading":"かいもの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"say"},{"text":"ぐあい","gloss":"way"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.017","source":"それが 宝塚線 ですね。","translation":"That’s the Takarazuka line, isn’t it?","reading":"それがたからづかせんですね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"宝塚","gloss":"Takarazuka Line","reading":"たからづか"},{"text":"線","gloss":"Takarazuka Line","reading":"せん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.018","source":"そうです。阪急 神戸線では、西の宮に 十万人を しゅうよう 出来る 球場を つくりました。","translation":"That’s right. On the Hankyuu-Kobe line, they built a ball park in NISHINO-MIYA that can accommodate over a hundred thousand people.","reading":"そうです。はんきゅうこうべせんでは、にしのみやにじゅうまんにんをしゅうようできるきゅうじょうをつくりました。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"阪急","gloss":"Hankyu Kobe Line","reading":"はんきゅう"},{"text":"神戸","gloss":"Hankyu Kobe Line","reading":"こうべ"},{"text":"線","gloss":"Hankyu Kobe Line","reading":"せん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"西の宮","gloss":"Nishinomiya"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"十","gloss":"one hundred thousand"},{"text":"万","gloss":"one hundred thousand"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"accommodate"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"accommodate"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"can","reading":"できる"},{"text":"球場","gloss":"ballpark","reading":"きゅうじょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つくり","gloss":"built"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"も、","gloss":"as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"だけ","gloss":"only, just (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"人口","gloss":"population"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"沿線","gloss":"along the line"},{"word":"土地","gloss":"land, lot"},{"word":"住宅","gloss":"residence"},{"word":"人々","gloss":"people"},{"word":"アパート","gloss":"apartment"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"かし","gloss":"Fahrenheit"},{"word":"住む","gloss":"to live, reside"},{"word":"いや","gloss":"no"},{"word":"うで","gloss":"arm, forearm"},{"word":"通","gloss":"classifier for counting letters and telegrams"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"買物","gloss":"shopping"},{"word":"ぐあい","gloss":"condition"},{"word":"線","gloss":"line"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"しゅう","gloss":"state"},{"word":"よう","gloss":"get intoxicated; get drunk; get seasick (v.i.)"},{"word":"球場","gloss":"ball ground"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Baseball, passengers and commerce · Dialogue 4 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"A team for the stadium","paragraphs":["*職業 野球 チームも つくりました* means \"They also formed a professional baseball team.\" The team gives the stadium a regular use.","Hundreds of thousands of passengers pass through Hankyu Department Store each day."]},{"title":"Traffic creates a business district","paragraphs":["*阪急 デパートから こぼれ出る 客* describes customers spilling out of Hankyu Department Store.","*ターミナル・デパートの 近くが 商業区域として 発展するのです* means \"The area near the terminal department store develops as a business district.\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 域","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.019","source":"日本の人は 野球が 好きですね。","translation":"Japanese people like baseball, don’t they?","reading":"にほんのひとはやきゅうがすきですね。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"野球","gloss":"baseball","reading":"やきゅう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.020","source":"でも、球場を 利用する 野球の チームが なくては だめと いうので、職業 野球 チームも つくりました。","translation":"But it is not good if you have no baseball team to use the ball park, so they formed a professional baseball team.","reading":"でも、きゅうじょうをりようするやきゅうのチームがなくてはだめというので、しょくぎょうやきゅうチームもつくりました。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"球場","gloss":"ballpark","reading":"きゅうじょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"利用","gloss":"use","reading":"りよう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"野球","gloss":"baseball","reading":"やきゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"チーム","gloss":"team"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not exist"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"だめ","gloss":"no good"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"say"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"職業","gloss":"professional","reading":"しょくぎょう"},{"text":"野球","gloss":"baseball","reading":"やきゅう"},{"text":"チーム","gloss":"team"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"つくり","gloss":"formed"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.021","source":"それでは 毎日の 乗客の 数は 大した ものでしょうね。","translation":"Then, the number of passengers must be great everyday, right?","reading":"それではまいにちのじょうきゃくのかずはたいしたものでしょうね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"乗客","gloss":"passengers","reading":"じょうきゃく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"数","gloss":"number","reading":"かず"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大した","gloss":"great","reading":"たいした"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"great"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.021.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.022","source":"そうです。何十万という 乗客が 阪急 デパートを 毎日 通る 訳です。","translation":"That’s right, many hundreds of thousands of passengers go through Hankyuu department store everyday.","reading":"そうです。なんじゅうまんというじょうきゃくがはんきゅうデパートをまいにちとおるわけです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"何十","gloss":"hundreds of thousands","reading":"なんじゅう"},{"text":"万","gloss":"hundreds of thousands","reading":"まん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"say"},{"text":"乗客","gloss":"passengers","reading":"じょうきゃく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"阪急","gloss":"Hankyu","reading":"はんきゅう"},{"text":"デパート","gloss":"department store"},{"text":"を","gloss":"through"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"通る","gloss":"pass through","reading":"とおる"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"reason","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.022.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.023","source":"それでは 阪急 デパートから こぼれ出る 客が あるでしょうね。","translation":"Then, there are customers who spill out of Hankyuu department store, aren’t there?","reading":"それでははんきゅうデパートからこぼれでるきゃくがあるでしょうね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"阪急","gloss":"Hankyu","reading":"はんきゅう"},{"text":"デパート","gloss":"department store"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"こぼれ出る","gloss":"spill out","reading":"こぼれでる"},{"text":"客","gloss":"customers","reading":"きゃく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.023.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.024","source":"あります。それで ターミナル・デパートの 近くが 商業区域として 発展するのです。","translation":"Yes, there are. For that reason, the vicinity of the terminal department store develops as a business center.","reading":"あります。それでターミナル・デパートのちかくがしょうぎょうくいきとしてはってんするのです。","words":[{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"ターミナル・","gloss":"terminal department store"},{"text":"デパート","gloss":"terminal department store"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"近く","gloss":"vicinity","reading":"ちかく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"商業","gloss":"business","reading":"しょうぎょう"},{"text":"区域","gloss":"district","reading":"くいき"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"発展","gloss":"develop","reading":"はってん"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"野球","gloss":"baseball"},{"word":"好き","gloss":"to like, be fond of (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"チーム","gloss":"team"},{"word":"だめ","gloss":"no good, useless,\nhopeless"},{"word":"職業","gloss":"occupation"},{"word":"毎日","gloss":"Mainichi Newspaper Co."},{"word":"数","gloss":"number"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"通る","gloss":"to pass"},{"word":"こぼれ出る","gloss":"spill out (v.i.)"},{"word":"近く","gloss":"vicinity"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Department stores and city sights · Dialogue 5 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"Other terminal department stores","paragraphs":["*阪神、高島屋、近鉄などは ターミナル・デパートです* names Hanshin, Takashimaya, and Kintetsu as terminal department stores.","The speakers then turn to Osaka merchants and sightseeing."]},{"title":"Assuming a tour of Osaka","paragraphs":["*大阪を 見物するとすれば、どんな所が ありますか* means \"If one were to tour Osaka, what places are there?\"","*見物するとすれば* presents touring Osaka as an assumed action. The reply names Osaka Castle and Tennoji Temple."]}],"lines":[{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.025","source":"阪急の様な 大きな 百貨店が 外にも ありますか。","translation":"Are there any large department stores like HANKYUU?","reading":"はんきゅうのようなおおきなひゃっかてんがほかにもありますか。","words":[{"text":"阪急","gloss":"Hankyu","reading":"はんきゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"様","gloss":"like","reading":"よう"},{"text":"な","gloss":"being"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large"},{"text":"百貨","gloss":"department store"},{"text":"店","gloss":"department store"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"外","gloss":"elsewhere","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.025.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.026","source":"あります。阪神、高島屋、近鉄などは ターミナル・デパートです。","translation":"Yes, there are. Hanshin, Takashima-ya, Kintetsu, etc. are terminal department stores.","reading":"あります。はんしん、たかしまや、きんてつなどはターミナル・デパートです。","words":[{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"阪神、","gloss":"Hanshin","reading":"はんしん"},{"text":"高島","gloss":"Takashimaya","reading":"たかしま"},{"text":"屋、","gloss":"Takashimaya","reading":"や"},{"text":"近鉄","gloss":"Kintetsu","reading":"きんてつ"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ターミナル・","gloss":"terminal department store"},{"text":"デパート","gloss":"terminal department store"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.026.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.027","source":"大阪の人は 商売 上手と 聞きましたが。","translation":"I heard that the people of Osaka are good in business, but ---","reading":"おおさかのひとはしょうばいじょうずとききましたが。","words":[{"text":"大阪","gloss":"Osaka","reading":"おおさか"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"商売","gloss":"good at business","reading":"しょうばい"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good at business","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"聞き","gloss":"heard","reading":"きき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"が。","gloss":"but"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.027.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.028","source":"その通りです。大阪商人は 有名です。","translation":"You are right. The Osaka merchants are famous.","reading":"そのとおりです。おおさかしょうにんはゆうめいです。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"exactly"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"exactly","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"大阪","gloss":"Osaka merchants","reading":"おおさか"},{"text":"商人","gloss":"Osaka merchants","reading":"しょうにん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.028.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.029","source":"大阪を 見物するとすれば、どんな所が ありますか。","translation":"If you are to do the sights in Osaka, what kind of places are there?","reading":"おおさかをけんぶつするとすれば、どんなところがありますか。","words":[{"text":"大阪","gloss":"Osaka","reading":"おおさか"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見物","gloss":"sightseeing","reading":"けんぶつ"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"assume"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.029.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.030","source":"市内では 大阪城、天のう寺などですね。あまり ありません。","translation":"The Osaka Castle, the Tennoji Temple, and others are within the city. There aren’t too many.","reading":"しないではおおさかじょう、てんのうじなどですね。あまりありません。","words":[{"text":"市","gloss":"city limits","reading":"し"},{"text":"内","gloss":"city limits","reading":"ない"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大阪","gloss":"Osaka Castle"},{"text":"城、","gloss":"Osaka Castle"},{"text":"天","gloss":"Tennoji Temple"},{"text":"の","gloss":"Tennoji Temple"},{"text":"う","gloss":"Tennoji Temple"},{"text":"寺","gloss":"Tennoji Temple","reading":"じ"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"not many"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.030.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"阪神、","gloss":"P.N., a railway company and department store"},{"word":"近鉄","gloss":"P.N., a railway company and dept. store"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"上手","gloss":"skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"通り","gloss":"street"},{"word":"商人","gloss":"merchants"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"},{"word":"寺","gloss":"Buddhist temple"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Local restaurants and cuisine · Dialogue 6 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"Restaurants and good cooking","paragraphs":["*大阪で 有名なのは* asks what Osaka is famous for. The reply names its many restaurants and good cooking.","*食いだおれ* means \"ruination through gluttony.\" The expression links Osaka's reputation to spending on food."]}],"lines":[{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.031","source":"大阪で 有名なのは。","translation":"What’s famous in Osaka?","reading":"おおさかでゆうめいなのは。","words":[{"text":"大阪","gloss":"Osaka","reading":"おおさか"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"な","gloss":"being"},{"text":"の","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"は。","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.031.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L113.dlg.032","source":"そうですね。大阪の「食いだおれ」と言って、料理屋が 多い事、そして料理の 味が よい事も 一つでしょうね。","translation":"Well, one thing is that there are many restaurants to the extent that there is a saying \"ruination through gluttony,\" and another thing perhaps is the fact that the taste of the cooking is good.","reading":"そうですね。おおさかの「くいだおれ」といって、りょうりやがおおいこと、そしてりょうりのあじがよいこともひとつでしょうね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"大阪","gloss":"Osaka","reading":"おおさか"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"「食い","gloss":"ruin by gluttony","reading":"くい"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"ruin by gluttony"},{"text":"おれ」","gloss":"ruin by gluttony"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"料理","gloss":"restaurant","reading":"りょうり"},{"text":"屋","gloss":"restaurant","reading":"や"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"事、","gloss":"fact","reading":"こと"},{"text":"そして","gloss":"and"},{"text":"料理","gloss":"cooking","reading":"りょうり"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"味","gloss":"taste","reading":"あじ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"事","gloss":"fact","reading":"こと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.dlg.032.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は。","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Planning a departure time · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"An action treated as an assumption","paragraphs":["*今晩 行く とすれば、何時 ごろ 出かけますか* asks what time to start under the assumption of going tonight.","A verb in its basic form followed by *とすれば* presents that action as an assumption. The rest states what follows from it."]}],"lines":[{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L113.gp1.01","source":"今晩 行く とすれば、何時 ごろ 出かけますか。","translation":"If we are to go tonight, what time shall we start out?","reading":"こんばんいくとすれば、なんじごろでかけますか。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"assume"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"じ"},{"text":"ごろ","gloss":"around"},{"text":"出かけ","gloss":"set out","reading":"でかけ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.gp1.01.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Assuming someone will not go · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"Assuming that someone does not go","paragraphs":["*君が 行かない とすれば、僕が 行かなければ ならない* means \"If you are not going, I have to go.\"","*とすれば* follows the negative *行かない*. The second clause gives the consequence of that assumption."]}],"lines":[{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L113.gp2.01","source":"君が 行かない とすれば、僕が 行かなければ ならない。","translation":"If we assume that you are not going, I have to go.","reading":"きみがいかないとすれば、ぼくがいかなければならない。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"assume"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"僕","gloss":"I","reading":"ぼく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.gp2.01.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"君","gloss":"suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)"},{"word":"僕","gloss":"I (see notes)"},{"word":"なら","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Exploring hypothetical outcomes · Perception drill, Block 3","teaching":[{"title":"An assumed condition","paragraphs":["*田中さんは 奥さんが 病気 だとすれば、今晩 来られない でしょう* assumes that Mrs. Tanaka is ill.","*病気 だとすれば* puts *とすれば* after a noun plus *だ*. Mr. Tanaka probably cannot come tonight."]},{"title":"An assumed past action","paragraphs":["*パーカーさんは きのうの 朝 サンフランシスコ 空港を 出たと すれば、今日ごろは もう 東京に 着いているでしょう* begins with an assumed departure yesterday.","The likely result is that Mr. Parker has reached Tokyo by about today. Other lines apply assumptions to choices, times, and methods."]}],"lines":[{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L113.gp3.01","source":"田中さんは 奥さんが 病気 だとすれば、今晩 来られない でしょう。","translation":"Assuming that Mrs. Tanaka is sick, Mr. Tanaka probably won’t be able to come.","reading":"たなかさんはおくさんがびょうきだとすれば、こんばんこられないでしょう。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"sick","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"assume"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"こ"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.gp3.01.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L113.gp3.02","source":"新しい 自動車を 買う とすれば、どんなのを 買いますか。","translation":"If you are to buy a new car, what kind of a car would you buy?","reading":"あたらしいじどうしゃをかうとすれば、どんなのをかいますか。","words":[{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"assume"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.gp3.02.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L113.gp3.03","source":"スポーツカーを 買います。","translation":"I would buy a sports car.","reading":"スポーツカーをかいます。","words":[{"text":"スポーツ","gloss":"sports car"},{"text":"カー","gloss":"sports car"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.gp3.03.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L113.gp3.04","source":"今晩 行かない とすれば、いつ 行くんだ。","translation":"If you are not going tonight, when are you going?","reading":"こんばんいかないとすれば、いついくんだ。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"assume"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.gp3.04.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L113.gp3.05","source":"明晩 行く 事に しているんだ。","translation":"Tentatively, I am to go tomorrow night.","reading":"みょうばんいくことにしているんだ。","words":[{"text":"明晩","gloss":"tomorrow night","reading":"みょうばん"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"し","gloss":"have decided"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have decided"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"have decided"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.gp3.05.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L113.gp3.06","source":"パーカーさんは きのうの 朝 サンフランシスコ 空港を 出たと すれば、今日ごろは もう 東京に 着いているでしょう。","translation":"Assuming that Mr. Parker left San Francisco airport yesterday morning, he probably arrived in Tokyo around today.","reading":"パーカーさんはきのうのあさサンフランシスコくうこうをでたとすれば、きょうごろはもうとうきょうについているでしょう。","words":[{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きのう","gloss":"yesterday"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"text":"空港","gloss":"airport","reading":"くうこう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"from"},{"text":"出","gloss":"left","reading":"で"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"assume"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"ごろ","gloss":"around"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"着い","gloss":"has arrived","reading":"つい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"has arrived"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"has arrived"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.gp3.06.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L113.gp3.07","source":"飛行機で 十七時間ぐらいだから、もう 着いている はずですね。","translation":"It takes about 17 hours by plane, so he is supposed to be there already.","reading":"ひこうきでじゅうしちじかんぐらいだから、もうついているはずですね。","words":[{"text":"飛行","gloss":"airplane","reading":"ひこう"},{"text":"機","gloss":"airplane","reading":"き"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"十","gloss":"seventeen"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seventeen"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"着い","gloss":"has arrived","reading":"つい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"has arrived"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"has arrived"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"expected"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.gp3.07.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L113.gp3.08","source":"今晩の 映画は 何時ごろ 終るでしょうか。","translation":"Around what time do you suppose tonight’s movie will end?","reading":"こんばんのえいがはなんじごろおわるでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何時ごろ","gloss":"around what time","reading":"なんじごろ"},{"text":"終る","gloss":"end","reading":"おわる"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.gp3.08.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L113.gp3.09","source":"そうですね。映画が 始まるのが 七時 とすれば、終るのは どうしても 十時半 ごろでしょう。","translation":"Well, assuming that the movie starts at seven, it probably will be ten-thirty at the earliest when it ends.","reading":"そうですね。えいががはじまるのがしちじとすれば、おわるのはどうしてもじゅうじはんごろでしょう。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"始まる","gloss":"starts","reading":"はじまる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven","reading":"しち"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"assume"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"終る","gloss":"end","reading":"おわる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"at earliest"},{"text":"し","gloss":"at earliest"},{"text":"て","gloss":"at earliest"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at earliest"},{"text":"十","gloss":"ten","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"半","gloss":"half","reading":"はん"},{"text":"ごろ","gloss":"around"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.gp3.09.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L113.gp3.10","source":"日本見物に行くとすれば、どうして 行くのが一番いいでしょうか。","translation":"Assuming that I am going to Japan for sightseeing, what will be the best way to go?","reading":"にほんけんぶつにいくとすれば、どうしていくのがいちばんいいでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"見物","gloss":"sightseeing","reading":"けんぶつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"assume"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"し","gloss":"how"},{"text":"て","gloss":"how"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"best","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.gp3.10.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L113.gp3.11","source":"観光団で 行くのが 一番 安くていいでしょう。","translation":"It probably would be the best and the cheapest to go with a tourist group.","reading":"かんこうだんでいくのがいちばんやすくていいでしょう。","words":[{"text":"観光","gloss":"tourist group","reading":"かんこう"},{"text":"団","gloss":"tourist group","reading":"だん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"安く","gloss":"cheap","reading":"やすく"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.gp3.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"車","gloss":"vehicle, car"},{"word":"買う","gloss":"to buy"},{"word":"スポーツ","gloss":"sport"},{"word":"いつ","gloss":"when?"},{"word":"朝","gloss":"morning"},{"word":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"word":"空港","gloss":"airport"},{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"word":"時間","gloss":"hour, time"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"映画","gloss":"movie"},{"word":"一番","gloss":"number one (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Decisions under stated conditions · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A decision under an assumed action","paragraphs":["*行く とすれば、早く 行きましょう* proposes an early departure under the assumption of going.","*とすれば* marks the condition. The second clause gives the decision made under that condition."]},{"title":"Conditions from different predicates","paragraphs":["*明日 試験が ない とすれば、今晩は 勉強しなくても いい* uses a negative condition and gives its consequence.","*奥さんが病気だとすれば、田中さんは今晩来られないでしょう* uses a noun plus *だ*. Mr. Tanaka probably cannot come tonight."]}],"lines":[{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.m1","source":"行く とすれば、早く 行きましょう。","translation":"If we are going, let's go early.","reading":"いくとすれば、はやくいきましょう。","words":[{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"assume"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"let us"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.m2","source":"明日 試験が ない とすれば、今晩は 勉強しなくても いい。","translation":"If there is no examination tomorrow, I don't have to study tonight.","reading":"あしたしけんがないとすれば、こんばんはべんきょうしなくてもいい。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"試験","gloss":"exam","reading":"しけん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not exist"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"assume"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"今晩は","gloss":"as for tonight","reading":"こんばんは"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい。","gloss":"need not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.m2.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.m3","source":"田中さんが 休み(だ)とすれば、私が 代りに 教えなければ なりません。","translation":"If Mr. Tanaka is off, I will have to teach in his place.","reading":"たなかさんがやすみ(だ)とすれば、わたくしがかわりにおしえなければなりません。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"休み","gloss":"off","reading":"やすみ"},{"text":"(だ)","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"assume"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"代り","gloss":"instead","reading":"かわり"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"教え","gloss":"teach","reading":"おしえ"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.m3.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.01","source":"先生を やとうとすれば、女の先生を やといます。","translation":"If I am going to hire a teacher, I will hire a woman teacher.","reading":"せんせいをやとうとすれば、おんなのせんせいをやといます。","words":[{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やとう","gloss":"hire"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"assume"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"女","gloss":"woman","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やとい","gloss":"hire"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.02","source":"家で 食べるとすれば、魚を 買って来よう。","translation":"If we are going to eat at home, let's buy some fish and bring it home.","reading":"いえでたべるとすれば、さかなをかってこよう。","words":[{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"assume"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"魚","gloss":"fish","reading":"さかな"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来よう。","gloss":"bring home","reading":"こよう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.03","source":"日本へ行くとすれば、四月ごろが一番いいでしょう。","translation":"If you are going to Japan, around April would probably be best.","reading":"にほんへいくとすれば、しがつごろがいちばんいいでしょう。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"if"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"四","gloss":"April"},{"text":"月","gloss":"April"},{"text":"ごろ","gloss":"around"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.04","source":"子供を連れて行くとすれば、おべんとうを持って行った方がいい。","translation":"If you are going to take the children along, you had better take box lunches.","reading":"こどもをつれていくとすれば、おべんとうをもっていったほうがいい。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"連れ","gloss":"take along","reading":"つれ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"take along","reading":"いく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"if"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"お","gloss":"box lunch"},{"text":"べんとう","gloss":"box lunch"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"carry","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"方","gloss":"way","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい。","gloss":"good"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.05","source":"奥さんが病気だとすれば、田中さんは今晩来られないでしょう。","translation":"If his wife is ill, Mr. Tanaka probably cannot come tonight.","reading":"おくさんがびょうきだとすれば、たなかさんはこんばんこられないでしょう。","words":[{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"ill","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"if"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"田中","gloss":"Mr. Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr. Tanaka"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"こ"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.06","source":"山本さんがるすだとすれば、遊びに行っても仕方がない。","translation":"If Mr. Yamamoto is away, there is no point in going to visit him.","reading":"やまもとさんがるすだとすれば、あそびにいってもしかたがない。","words":[{"text":"山本","gloss":"Mr. Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr. Yamamoto"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"るす","gloss":"away"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"if"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"遊び","gloss":"visit","reading":"あそび"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"仕方","gloss":"point","reading":"しかた"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"none"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.07","source":"日本へ行かないとすれば、日本語を習う必要はありません。","translation":"If you are not going to Japan, there is no need to learn Japanese.","reading":"にほんへいかないとすれば、にほんごをならうひつようはありません。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"if"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習う","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならう"},{"text":"必要","gloss":"need","reading":"ひつよう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there is"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"word":"いい。","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"(だ)","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"先生","gloss":"refers to doctors, educators, etc. (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"やとう","gloss":"hire; employ (v.t.)"},{"word":"女","gloss":"female"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"月","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"べんとう","gloss":"box lunch"},{"word":"るす","gloss":"absence, not at home"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Hypothetical costs, places and times · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"An assumption before a cost","paragraphs":["*観光団で日本へ行くとすれば、いくらぐらいかかりますか* means \"If you go to Japan with a tour group, about how much will it cost?\"","*とすれば* sets the hypothetical journey before the question about cost."]},{"title":"A departure determines an arrival time","paragraphs":["*十時に出発するとすれば、九時までにはそこに行っていなければなりませんね* assumes a departure at ten.","That condition leads to arrival by nine. Other conditions lead to answers about places, prices, and rankings."]}],"lines":[{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.08","source":"あなたは米国に住むとすれば、どこに住みたいですか。","translation":"If you were to live in the United States, where would you like to live?","reading":"あなたはべいこくにすむとすれば、どこにすみたいですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"住む","gloss":"live","reading":"すむ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"if"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"住み","gloss":"live","reading":"すみ"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.09","source":"観光団で日本へ行くとすれば、いくらぐらいかかりますか。","translation":"If you go to Japan with a tour group, about how much will it cost?","reading":"かんこうだんでにほんへいくとすれば、いくらぐらいかかりますか。","words":[{"text":"観光","gloss":"tour group","reading":"かんこう"},{"text":"団","gloss":"tour group","reading":"だん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"if"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いくら","gloss":"how much"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"かかり","gloss":"cost"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.10","source":"そうですね。まあ少くとも二千ドルぐらいかかるでしょう。","translation":"Well, it will probably cost at least about two thousand dollars.","reading":"そうですね。まあすくなくともにせんドルぐらいかかるでしょう。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"まあ","gloss":"well"},{"text":"少く","gloss":"at least","reading":"すくなく"},{"text":"とも","gloss":"at least"},{"text":"二千","gloss":"two thousand","reading":"にせん"},{"text":"ドル","gloss":"dollars"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"かかる","gloss":"cost"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.11","source":"今 私の家を売るとすれば、いくらぐらいで売れるでしょうか。","translation":"If I were to sell my house now, about how much could I sell it for?","reading":"いまわたくしのいえをうるとすれば、いくらぐらいでうれるでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"売る","gloss":"sell","reading":"うる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"if"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いくら","gloss":"how much"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"で","gloss":"for"},{"text":"売れる","gloss":"can sell","reading":"うれる"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.12","source":"二万ドルぐらいならすぐ売れるでしょう。","translation":"If you ask about twenty thousand dollars, it will probably sell right away.","reading":"にまんドルぐらいならすぐうれるでしょう。","words":[{"text":"二","gloss":"twenty thousand","reading":"に"},{"text":"万","gloss":"twenty thousand","reading":"まん"},{"text":"ドル","gloss":"dollars"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"if it is"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"right away"},{"text":"売れる","gloss":"can sell","reading":"うれる"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.13","source":"何時の飛行機でサンフランシスコを出発なさるのですか。","translation":"What time does your flight leave San Francisco?","reading":"なんじのひこうきでサンフランシスコをしゅっぱつなさるのですか。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"what time","reading":"なん"},{"text":"時","gloss":"what time","reading":"じ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"飛行","gloss":"flight","reading":"ひこう"},{"text":"機","gloss":"flight","reading":"き"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出発","gloss":"leave","reading":"しゅっぱつ"},{"text":"なさる","gloss":"respectfully do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"that"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.14","source":"午前十時です。","translation":"At ten in the morning.","reading":"ごぜんじゅうじです。","words":[{"text":"午前","gloss":"morning","reading":"ごぜん"},{"text":"十","gloss":"ten o’clock","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"時","gloss":"ten o’clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.15","source":"十時に出発するとすれば、九時までにはそこに行っていなければなりませんね。","translation":"If it leaves at ten, you will have to be there by nine, won't you?","reading":"じゅうじにしゅっぱつするとすれば、くじまでにはそこにいっていなければなりませんね。","words":[{"text":"十","gloss":"ten o’clock","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"時","gloss":"ten o’clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"出発","gloss":"depart","reading":"しゅっぱつ"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"if"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"九","gloss":"nine o’clock","reading":"く"},{"text":"時","gloss":"nine o’clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"by"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"be there","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"be there"},{"text":"い","gloss":"be there"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"unless"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.15.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.16","source":"ええ、そうです。","translation":"Yes, that's right.","reading":"ええ、そうです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.17","source":"ニューヨークが世界第二の大都市だとすれば、世界第一の大都会はどこですか。","translation":"If New York is the second-largest city in the world, what is the largest city in the world?","reading":"ニューヨークがせかいだいにのだいとしだとすれば、せかいだいいちのだいとかいはどこですか。","words":[{"text":"ニューヨーク","gloss":"New York"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"世界","gloss":"world","reading":"せかい"},{"text":"第","gloss":"second","reading":"だい"},{"text":"二","gloss":"second","reading":"に"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"大","gloss":"large city","reading":"だい"},{"text":"都市","gloss":"large city","reading":"とし"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"if"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"世界","gloss":"world","reading":"せかい"},{"text":"第","gloss":"largest","reading":"だい"},{"text":"一","gloss":"largest","reading":"いち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"大","gloss":"large city","reading":"だい"},{"text":"都会","gloss":"large city","reading":"とかい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.17.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"いくら","gloss":"how much? how many?"},{"word":"まあ","gloss":"Well! Oh, my!"},{"word":"二千","gloss":"2,000"},{"word":"ドル","gloss":"dollar"},{"word":"かかる","gloss":"to consult, to contract, to be attacked by"},{"word":"すぐ","gloss":"right away, immediately"},{"word":"なさる","gloss":"to do (honorific verb) (See Notes)"},{"word":"午前","gloss":"a.m., morning"},{"word":"九","gloss":"nine"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"ニューヨーク","gloss":"New York"},{"word":"都会","gloss":"city; metropolis"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Food choices under assumptions · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"When fish is not an option","paragraphs":["*魚が食べられないとすれば、日本ではずい分食べ物に困りますね* means \"If you cannot eat fish, finding food in Japan will be very difficult.\"","*とすれば* makes the inability an assumption. The rest states its practical consequence."]},{"title":"The reason for the difficulty","paragraphs":["*日本料理は魚をずい分使いますからね* gives the reason. Japanese cooking uses a great deal of fish."]}],"lines":[{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.18","source":"東京です。","translation":"Tokyo.","reading":"とうきょうです。","words":[{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.19","source":"魚が食べられないとすれば、日本ではずい分食べ物に困りますね。","translation":"If you cannot eat fish, you will have a great deal of trouble finding food in Japan, won't you?","reading":"さかながたべられないとすれば、にほんではずいぶんたべものにこまりますね。","words":[{"text":"魚","gloss":"fish","reading":"さかな"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"if"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"greatly","reading":"ずいぶん"},{"text":"食べ物","gloss":"food","reading":"たべもの"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"困り","gloss":"have trouble","reading":"こまり"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.20","source":"そうですね。日本料理は魚をずい分使いますからね。","translation":"Yes, Japanese cooking uses a great deal of fish.","reading":"そうですね。にほんりょうりはさかなをずいぶんつかいますからね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese cooking","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"料理","gloss":"Japanese cooking","reading":"りょうり"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"魚","gloss":"fish","reading":"さかな"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"greatly","reading":"ずいぶん"},{"text":"使い","gloss":"use","reading":"つかい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.20.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.21","source":"日本へ 行く。","translation":"Go to Japan.","reading":"にほんへいく。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く。","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.21.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.22","source":"新しい 自動車を 買う。","translation":"Buy a new automobile.","reading":"あたらしいじどうしゃをかう。","words":[{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買う。","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.22.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.23","source":"病気","translation":"Illness.","reading":"びょうき","words":[{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.23.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.24","source":"魚を 食べない。","translation":"Do not eat fish.","reading":"さかなをたべない。","words":[{"text":"魚","gloss":"fish","reading":"さかな"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.24.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L113.pt1.25","source":"日本語を 勉強する。","translation":"Study Japanese.","reading":"にほんごをべんきょうする。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する。","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.pt1.25.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ずい分","gloss":"very much"},{"word":"食べ物","gloss":"food"},{"word":"買う。","gloss":"to buy"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Terminal stores and train routes · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The terminal store and its routes","paragraphs":["*ターミナル・デパートと言うのは どんな デパートですか* asks for a description of a terminal department store.","*そこから どこへ 行く事が 出来ますか* means \"Where can you go from there?\" An answer names destinations served from the store."]}],"lines":[{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L113.q.001","source":"しかし、阪急は それだけでは 満足 出来ず、人口の ぞうかを 見こして、宝塚線の 沿線に 大きな 土地を 買って、住宅団地を つくり、大阪市で 働く 人々に アパートや 住宅を かしたり、売ったりしています。そして、そこに 住む人は いやがおうでも 阪急の 電車に 乗って、通きんしなければ ならないのです。そして、一日の 仕事を おえて 帰る時には、デパートで 買物を すると言う ぐあいです。今日では 又 阪急神戸線の 沿線にある 西の宮に 十万人 しゅうよう出来る 球場が 出来ましたので、毎日の 乗客の 数が ひじょうに 多くなり、何千万と言う 乗客が 阪急デパートを 通っています。","translation":"However, Hankyu was not satisfied with that alone, and, anticipating an increase in population, it bought a large tract of land along the Takarazuka Line, built a housing development, and rents and sells apartments and houses to people who work in Osaka.\nThe people who live there must commute on Hankyu trains whether they like it or not.\nThen, when they return home after finishing a day's work, they shop at the department store.\nToday, a stadium that can hold one hundred thousand people has also been built at Nishinomiya along the Hankyu Kobe Line, so the number of passengers each day has grown very large, and tens of millions of passengers pass through Hankyu Department Store.","reading":"しかし、はんきゅうはそれだけではまんぞくできず、じんこうのぞうかをみこして、たからづかせんのえんせんにおおきなとちをかって、じゅうたくだんちをつくり、おおさかしではたらくひとびとにアパートやじゅうたくをかしたり、うったりしています。そして、そこにすむひとはいやがおうでもはんきゅうのでんしゃにのって、つうきんしなければならないのです。そして、いちにちのしごとをおえてかえるときには、デパートでかいものをするというぐあいです。こんにちではまたはんきゅうこうべせんのえんせんにあるにしのみやにじゅうまんにんしゅうようできるきゅうじょうができましたので、まいにちのじょうきゃくのかずがひじょうにおおくなり、なんぜんまんというじょうきゃくがはんきゅうデパートをとおっています。","words":[{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"阪急","gloss":"Hankyu Railway","reading":"はんきゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"alone"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"満足","gloss":"satisfied","reading":"まんぞく"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can be","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ず、","gloss":"not"},{"text":"人口","gloss":"population","reading":"じんこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ぞう","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"か","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見こし","gloss":"anticipate","reading":"みこし"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"宝塚","gloss":"Takarazuka Line","reading":"たからづか"},{"text":"線","gloss":"Takarazuka Line","reading":"せん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"沿線","gloss":"along the line","reading":"えんせん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"土地","gloss":"land","reading":"とち"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"住宅","gloss":"housing development","reading":"じゅうたく"},{"text":"団地","gloss":"housing development","reading":"だんち"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つくり、","gloss":"build"},{"text":"大阪","gloss":"Osaka","reading":"おおさか"},{"text":"市","gloss":"Osaka","reading":"し"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"働く","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらく"},{"text":"人々","gloss":"people","reading":"ひとびと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"アパート","gloss":"apartments"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"住宅","gloss":"houses","reading":"じゅうたく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かし","gloss":"rent"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"売っ","gloss":"sell","reading":"うっ"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"doing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"doing"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"そして、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"住む","gloss":"live","reading":"すむ"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いや","gloss":"refusal"},{"text":"が","gloss":"or"},{"text":"お","gloss":"consent"},{"text":"うで","gloss":"consent"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"阪急","gloss":"Hankyu Railway","reading":"はんきゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"電車","gloss":"train","reading":"でんしゃ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"乗っ","gloss":"ride","reading":"のっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"通","gloss":"commute","reading":"つう"},{"text":"きん","gloss":"commute"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"unless"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"that"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そして、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one day","reading":"いち"},{"text":"日","gloss":"one day","reading":"にち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おえ","gloss":"finish"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"帰る","gloss":"return home","reading":"かえる"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"デパート","gloss":"department store"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"買物","gloss":"shopping","reading":"かいもの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"ぐあい","gloss":"way"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"こんにち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"又","gloss":"also","reading":"また"},{"text":"阪急","gloss":"Hankyu Railway","reading":"はんきゅう"},{"text":"神戸","gloss":"Kobe Line","reading":"こうべ"},{"text":"線","gloss":"Kobe Line","reading":"せん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"沿線","gloss":"along the line","reading":"えんせん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"located"},{"text":"西の宮","gloss":"Nishinomiya"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"十","gloss":"one hundred thousand"},{"text":"万","gloss":"one hundred thousand"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"hold"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"hold"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"can","reading":"できる"},{"text":"球場","gloss":"stadium","reading":"きゅうじょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"built","reading":"でき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"each day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"乗客","gloss":"passengers","reading":"じょうきゃく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"数","gloss":"number","reading":"かず"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ひじょう","gloss":"very"},{"text":"に","gloss":"very"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"なり、","gloss":"became"},{"text":"何千","gloss":"tens of millions","reading":"なんぜん"},{"text":"万","gloss":"tens of millions","reading":"まん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"乗客","gloss":"passengers","reading":"じょうきゃく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"阪急","gloss":"Hankyu Railway","reading":"はんきゅう"},{"text":"デパート","gloss":"department store"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"通っ","gloss":"pass through","reading":"とおっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"passing through"},{"text":"い","gloss":"passing through"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.q.001.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L113.q.002","source":"ターミナル・デパートと言うのは どんな デパートですか。","translation":"What kind of department store is a terminal department store?","reading":"ターミナル・デパートというのはどんなデパートですか。","words":[{"text":"ターミナル・","gloss":"terminal department store"},{"text":"デパート","gloss":"terminal department store"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"デパート","gloss":"department store"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.q.002.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L113.q.003","source":"大阪で 大きな ターミナル・デパートを 二、三 あげてみてください。","translation":"Please name two or three large terminal department stores in Osaka.","reading":"おおさかでおおきなターミナル・デパートをに、さんあげてみてください。","words":[{"text":"大阪","gloss":"Osaka","reading":"おおさか"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"ターミナル・","gloss":"terminal department store"},{"text":"デパート","gloss":"terminal department store"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"二、三","gloss":"two or three","reading":"にさん"},{"text":"あげ","gloss":"name"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"み","gloss":"try"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.q.003.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L113.q.004","source":"阪急デパートは どこに ありますか。","translation":"Where is Hankyu Department Store?","reading":"はんきゅうデパートはどこにありますか。","words":[{"text":"阪急","gloss":"Hankyu Railway","reading":"はんきゅう"},{"text":"デパート","gloss":"department store"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.q.004.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L113.q.005","source":"阪急デパートは 何線の 駅に なっていますか。","translation":"Hankyu Department Store serves as a station for what line?","reading":"はんきゅうデパートはなんせんのえきになっていますか。","words":[{"text":"阪急","gloss":"Hankyu Railway","reading":"はんきゅう"},{"text":"デパート","gloss":"department store"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何線","gloss":"what line","reading":"なんせん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"駅","gloss":"station","reading":"えき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"becoming"},{"text":"い","gloss":"becoming"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.q.005.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L113.q.006","source":"そこから どこへ 行く事が 出来ますか。","translation":"Where can you go from there?","reading":"そこからどこへいくことができますか。","words":[{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.q.006.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L113.q.007","source":"乗客は 一度 デパートに はいらなければ 電車に 乗れない 様に なっていますか。","translation":"Is it arranged so that passengers cannot board a train unless they first enter the department store?","reading":"じょうきゃくはいちどデパートにはいらなければでんしゃにのれないようになっていますか。","words":[{"text":"乗客","gloss":"passengers","reading":"じょうきゃく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一","gloss":"first","reading":"いち"},{"text":"度","gloss":"first","reading":"ど"},{"text":"デパート","gloss":"department store"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"はいら","gloss":"enter"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"unless"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"電車","gloss":"train","reading":"でんしゃ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"乗れ","gloss":"board","reading":"のれ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"様","gloss":"way","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"so that"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"arranged"},{"text":"て","gloss":"arranged"},{"text":"い","gloss":"arranged"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.q.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"しかし、","gloss":"however, but"},{"word":"多く","gloss":"many of them"},{"word":"ください。","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Housing, commuting and stadium growth · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"How Hankyu increased traffic","paragraphs":["*阪急は 人口の ぞうかを 見こして、どんな事を しましたか* asks what Hankyu did in anticipation of population growth.","*西の宮に 何が 出来ましたか* means \"What was built in Nishinomiya?\" An answer identifies the stadium before another gives its capacity."]}],"lines":[{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L113.q.008","source":"阪急は 人口の ぞうかを 見こして、どんな事を しましたか。","translation":"What did Hankyu do in anticipation of the increase in population?","reading":"はんきゅうはじんこうのぞうかをみこして、どんなことをしましたか。","words":[{"text":"阪急","gloss":"Hankyu Railway","reading":"はんきゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"人口","gloss":"population","reading":"じんこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ぞう","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"か","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見こし","gloss":"anticipate","reading":"みこし"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.q.008.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L113.q.009","source":"何の ために 住宅 団地を つくりましたか。","translation":"Why did it build a housing development?","reading":"なんのためにじゅうたくだんちをつくりましたか。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"purpose"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"住宅","gloss":"housing development","reading":"じゅうたく"},{"text":"団地","gloss":"housing development","reading":"だんち"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つくり","gloss":"build"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.q.009.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L113.q.010","source":"そこに 住む人は いやがおうでも、どうしなければ なりませんか。","translation":"What must the people who live there do whether they like it or not?","reading":"そこにすむひとはいやがおうでも、どうしなければなりませんか。","words":[{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"住む","gloss":"live","reading":"すむ"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いや","gloss":"refusal"},{"text":"が","gloss":"or"},{"text":"お","gloss":"consent"},{"text":"うで","gloss":"consent"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"even"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"unless"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.q.010.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L113.q.011","source":"人々は 一日の 仕事を おえて 帰る時には どうしますか。","translation":"What do the people do when they return home after finishing a day's work?","reading":"ひとびとはいちにちのしごとをおえてかえるときにはどうしますか。","words":[{"text":"人々","gloss":"people","reading":"ひとびと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一日","gloss":"a day","reading":"いちにち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おえ","gloss":"finish"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"帰る","gloss":"return home","reading":"かえる"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.q.011.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L113.q.012","source":"西の宮に 何が 出来ましたか。","translation":"What was built in Nishinomiya?","reading":"にしのみやになにができましたか。","words":[{"text":"西の宮","gloss":"Nishinomiya"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"built","reading":"でき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.q.012.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L113.q.013","source":"西の宮の 球場は 何人ぐらい しゅうよう 出来ますか。","translation":"About how many people can the stadium in Nishinomiya hold?","reading":"にしのみやのきゅうじょうはなんにんぐらいしゅうようできますか。","words":[{"text":"西の宮","gloss":"Nishinomiya"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"球場","gloss":"stadium","reading":"きゅうじょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many people","reading":"なん"},{"text":"人","gloss":"how many people","reading":"にん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"hold"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"hold"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.q.013.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L113.q.014","source":"毎日 何人ぐらいの 人が 阪急デパートを 通りますか。","translation":"About how many people pass through Hankyu Department Store each day?","reading":"まいにちなんにんぐらいのひとがはんきゅうデパートをとおりますか。","words":[{"text":"毎日","gloss":"each day"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many people"},{"text":"人","gloss":"how many people"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"阪急","gloss":"Hankyu Railway","reading":"はんきゅう"},{"text":"デパート","gloss":"department store"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"pass through","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.q.014.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"一日","gloss":"first day of the month (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Railways, passengers and entertainment · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Rail travel and Takarazuka","paragraphs":["These words cover a railway, its passengers, terminal facilities, and Takarazuka entertainment.","*阪急* abbreviates *Kei-Han-Shin Kyuukoo Dentetsu*. *終点駅* means \"terminal station,\" and *乗客* means \"passenger.\"","*宝塚* names an amusement center and spa. *少女かげき* means \"girls' operetta.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.001","source":"例にとる","translation":"take it as an example","reading":"れいにとる","words":[{"text":"例にとる","gloss":"take as example","reading":"れいにとる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.001.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.002","source":"阪急","translation":"abbreviation for Kei-Han-Shin Kyuukoo Dentetsu","reading":"はんきゅう","words":[{"text":"阪急","gloss":"Hankyu Railway","reading":"はんきゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.002.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.003","source":"百貨店","translation":"department store","reading":"ひゃっかてん","words":[{"text":"百貨店","gloss":"department store","reading":"ひゃっかてん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.003.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.004","source":"神戸","translation":"Kobe","reading":"こうべ","words":[{"text":"神戸","gloss":"Kobe","reading":"こうべ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.004.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.005","source":"宝塚","translation":"P.N., amusement center and spa (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"たからづか","words":[{"text":"宝塚","gloss":"Takarazuka","reading":"たからづか"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.005.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.006","source":"終点駅","translation":"terminal station","reading":"しゅうてんえき","words":[{"text":"終点駅","gloss":"terminal station","reading":"しゅうてんえき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.006.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.007","source":"乗客","translation":"passenger","reading":"じょうきゃく","words":[{"text":"乗客","gloss":"passenger","reading":"じょうきゃく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.007.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.008","source":"ふやす","translation":"increase (v.t.)","reading":"ふやす","words":[{"text":"ふやす","gloss":"increase"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.008.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.009","source":"少女かげき","translation":"girls’ operetta; girls’ musical show","reading":"しょうじょかげき","words":[{"text":"少女かげき","gloss":"girls’ musical show","reading":"しょうじょかげき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.009.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.010","source":"げき場","translation":"theater (play)","reading":"げきじょう","words":[{"text":"げき場","gloss":"theater","reading":"げきじょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"例にとる","gloss":"take it as an example"},{"word":"百貨店","gloss":"department store"},{"word":"終点駅","gloss":"terminal station"},{"word":"少女かげき","gloss":"girls’ operetta; girls’ musical show"},{"word":"げき場","gloss":"theater (play)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Recreation, housing and anticipation · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Facilities and homes along the line","paragraphs":["The first words name Takarazuka facilities. *温泉場* means \"hot springs,\" and *植物園* means \"botanical garden.\"","The remaining words cover anticipated growth and housing along the railway. *住宅団地* means \"residential development.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.011","source":"温泉場","translation":"hot springs","reading":"おんせんじょう","words":[{"text":"温泉場","gloss":"hot springs","reading":"おんせんじょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.011.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.012","source":"動物園","translation":"zoo","reading":"どうぶつえん","words":[{"text":"動物園","gloss":"zoo","reading":"どうぶつえん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.012.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.013","source":"植物園","translation":"botanical garden","reading":"しょくぶつえん","words":[{"text":"植物園","gloss":"botanical garden","reading":"しょくぶつえん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.013.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.014","source":"ひらく","translation":"open","reading":"ひらく","words":[{"text":"ひらく","gloss":"open"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.014.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.015","source":"見こす","translation":"anticipate (v.t.)","reading":"みこす","words":[{"text":"見こす","gloss":"anticipate","reading":"みこす"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.015.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.016","source":"沿線","translation":"along the line","reading":"えんせん","words":[{"text":"沿線","gloss":"along the line","reading":"えんせん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.016.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.017","source":"住宅団地","translation":"residential development","reading":"じゅうたくだんち","words":[{"text":"住宅団地","gloss":"residential development","reading":"じゅうたくだんち"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.017.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.018","source":"アパート","translation":"apartment","reading":"アパート","words":[{"text":"アパート","gloss":"apartment"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.018.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.019","source":"住宅","translation":"residence","reading":"じゅうたく","words":[{"text":"住宅","gloss":"residence","reading":"じゅうたく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.019.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.020","source":"いやがおうでも","translation":"whether one likes it or not","reading":"いやがおうでも","words":[{"text":"いやがおうでも","gloss":"willingly or not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"温泉場","gloss":"hot springs"},{"word":"動物園","gloss":"zoo"},{"word":"植物園","gloss":"botanical garden"},{"word":"ひらく","gloss":"open"},{"word":"見こす","gloss":"anticipate (v.t.)"},{"word":"住宅団地","gloss":"residential development"},{"word":"いやがおうでも","gloss":"whether one likes it or not"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Commuting, capacity and baseball · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Commuting, capacity, and baseball","paragraphs":["These words cover commuting, stadium capacity, professional baseball, and passenger numbers.","*通きん（する）* means \"commuting,\" *しゅうようする* means \"accommodate,\" and *職業野球* means \"professional baseball.\"","*数* means \"number.\" *大したものでしょう* means \"must be great.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.021","source":"通きん（する）","translation":"commuting (commute to work)","reading":"つうきん（する）","words":[{"text":"通きん（する）","gloss":"commute to work","reading":"つうきん（する）"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.021.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.022","source":"おえる","translation":"finish (v.t.)","reading":"おえる","words":[{"text":"おえる","gloss":"finish"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.022.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.023","source":"ぐあい","translation":"condition","reading":"ぐあい","words":[{"text":"ぐあい","gloss":"condition"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.023.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.024","source":"---と言うぐあいです","translation":"the condition is such that","reading":"---というぐあいです","words":[{"text":"---と言うぐあいです","gloss":"such is the condition","reading":"---というぐあいです"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.024.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.025","source":"しゅうようする","translation":"accommodate (v.t.)","reading":"しゅうようする","words":[{"text":"しゅうようする","gloss":"accommodate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.025.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.026","source":"球場","translation":"ball ground","reading":"きゅうじょう","words":[{"text":"球場","gloss":"ballpark","reading":"きゅうじょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.026.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.027","source":"チーム","translation":"team","reading":"チーム","words":[{"text":"チーム","gloss":"team"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.027.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.028","source":"職業野球","translation":"professional baseball","reading":"しょくぎょうやきゅう","words":[{"text":"職業野球","gloss":"professional baseball","reading":"しょくぎょうやきゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.028.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.029","source":"数","translation":"number","reading":"かず","words":[{"text":"数","gloss":"number","reading":"かず"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.029.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.030","source":"大したものでしょう","translation":"must be great","reading":"たいしたものでしょう","words":[{"text":"大したものでしょう","gloss":"must be great","reading":"たいしたものでしょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.030.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"通きん（する）","gloss":"commuting (commute to work)"},{"word":"おえる","gloss":"finish (v.t.)"},{"word":"---と言うぐあいです","gloss":"the condition is such that"},{"word":"しゅうようする","gloss":"accommodate (v.t.)"},{"word":"職業野球","gloss":"professional baseball"},{"word":"大したものでしょう","gloss":"must be great"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Commerce, merchants and landmarks · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Business, sights, and food in Osaka","paragraphs":["These words cover department stores, merchants, Osaka landmarks, and a local expression about food.","*商売上手* means \"good in business.\" *大阪城* means \"Osaka Castle,\" and *食いだおれ* means \"ruination through gluttony.\"","*阪神*, *高島屋*, and *近鉄* name railway companies or department stores."]}],"lines":[{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.031","source":"こぼれ出る","translation":"spill out (v.i.)","reading":"こぼれでる","words":[{"text":"こぼれ出る","gloss":"spill out","reading":"こぼれでる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.031.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.032","source":"阪神","translation":"P.N., a railway company and department store","reading":"はんしん","words":[{"text":"阪神","gloss":"Hanshin","reading":"はんしん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.032.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.033","source":"高島屋","translation":"Takashimaya Dept. Store","reading":"たかしまや","words":[{"text":"高島屋","gloss":"Takashimaya Department Store","reading":"たかしまや"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.033.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.034","source":"近鉄","translation":"P.N., a railway company and dept. store","reading":"きんてつ","words":[{"text":"近鉄","gloss":"Kintetsu","reading":"きんてつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.034.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.035","source":"商売上手","translation":"good in business","reading":"しょうばいじょうず","words":[{"text":"商売上手","gloss":"good at business","reading":"しょうばいじょうず"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.035.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.036","source":"商人","translation":"merchants","reading":"しょうにん","words":[{"text":"商人","gloss":"merchants","reading":"しょうにん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.036.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.037","source":"大阪城","translation":"Osaka Castle","reading":"おおさかじょう","words":[{"text":"大阪城","gloss":"Osaka Castle","reading":"おおさかじょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.037.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.038","source":"天のう寺","translation":"Tennoji Temple","reading":"てんのうじ","words":[{"text":"天のう寺","gloss":"Tennoji Temple","reading":"てんのうじ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.038.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L113.w.039","source":"食いだおれ","translation":"ruination through gluttony","reading":"くいだおれ","words":[{"text":"食いだおれ","gloss":"ruin through gluttony","reading":"くいだおれ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L113.w.039.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":4,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\nTopic title and Visual cues:\n\na Look at the map on page 92 and point out the places of interest.\n\nb Look at the sketch on page 93 and describe why satellite cities and terminal department stores developed in Osaka.\n\nc Talk about terminal department stores.\n\nd Talk about satellite cities."},{"section":5,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.\n\n2 Study the Grammar Perception Drill.\n\n3 Study the Pattern Practice and do the exercise given.\n\n4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.\n\n5 Read the Explanatory Notes.\n\n6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercise given."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"阪神","gloss":"P.N., a railway company and department store"},{"word":"高島屋","gloss":"Takashimaya Dept. Store"},{"word":"商売上手","gloss":"good in business"},{"word":"大阪城","gloss":"Osaka Castle"},{"word":"天のう寺","gloss":"Tennoji Temple"},{"word":"食いだおれ","gloss":"ruination through gluttony"}],"paradigms":[]}]}