{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L115","title":"Lesson 115","stage":"Reading Japan","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 115: congratulating a university graduate · dialogue 1 of 5, working through university hardship · dialogue 2 of 5, comparing pay and prospects · dialogue 3 of 5, parents, thanking someone for a gift · dialogue 5 of 5, strong negative predictions · perception drill, saying something will not happen · pattern 1 1 of 3, explaining why outcomes will not happen · pattern 1 2 of 3, negative verbs and outcomes · pattern 1 3 of 3, graduation after working through university · reading selection 1 of 2, engineering jobs and advancement · reading selection 2 of 2, graduation hardships and family pride · questions 1 of 2, majors, graduation, employment, gratitude.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/113","lines":119},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/112","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/114","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Congratulating a university graduate · Dialogue 1 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"A graduation and its cost","paragraphs":["*一夫君、めでたく 大学 を 卒業 した そうだね。 お目でとう* congratulates Kazuo on successfully graduating from university.","Kazuo credits his health. His friend praises his long effort, then replies that health is not enough without faithful study."]},{"title":"A stronger negative","paragraphs":["In *卒業 出来ゃ しないよ*, *出来ゃ しない* emphatically means that graduation will not be possible.","The contracted *ゃ しない* makes the warning stronger."]},{"title":"Kanji: / 卒 to / 是","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: / 非","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.001","source":"一夫君、めでたく 大学 を 卒業 した そうだね。 お目でとう。","translation":"Say, Kazuo, I understand you have successfully graduated from the university, isn’t that right? Congratulations.","reading":"かずおくん、めでたくだいがくをそつぎょうしたそうだね。おめでとう。","words":[{"text":"一夫","gloss":"Kazuo"},{"text":"君、","gloss":"young man"},{"text":"めでたく","gloss":"successfully"},{"text":"大学","gloss":"university","reading":"だいがく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"卒業","gloss":"graduation","reading":"そつぎょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"お","gloss":"congratulations"},{"text":"目","gloss":"congratulations","reading":"め"},{"text":"で","gloss":"congratulations"},{"text":"とう。","gloss":"congratulations"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.002","source":"ありがとう 御ざいます。 おかげ様で やっと 卒業 いたしました。","translation":"Thank you very much. I finally graduated.","reading":"ありがとうございます。おかげさまでやっとそつぎょういたしました。","words":[{"text":"ありがとう","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"御","gloss":"thank you","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"い","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"おかげ","gloss":"thanks"},{"text":"様","gloss":"to you","reading":"さま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"because of"},{"text":"やっと","gloss":"finally"},{"text":"卒業","gloss":"graduation","reading":"そつぎょう"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"humbly do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.003","source":"長い 間、よく がんばったね。","translation":"You surely kept at it for a long time, didn’t you?","reading":"ながいあいだ、よくがんばったね。","words":[{"text":"長い","gloss":"long","reading":"ながい"},{"text":"間、","gloss":"time","reading":"あいだ"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"really"},{"text":"がんばっ","gloss":"persevere"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.004","source":"幸いに 身体が じょうぶな ものですから。","translation":"Fortunately, because I was healthy.","reading":"さいわいにからだがじょうぶなものですから。","words":[{"text":"幸い","gloss":"fortunately","reading":"さいわい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"身体","gloss":"health","reading":"からだ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"じょうぶ","gloss":"healthy"},{"text":"な","gloss":"being"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.005","source":"いや、いくら 身体が じょうぶ でも まじめに 勉強 しなけりゃ、卒業 出来ゃ しないよ。","translation":"No, no matter how healthy you may be, you won’t be able to graduate if you don’t study faithfully.","reading":"いや、いくらからだがじょうぶでもまじめにべんきょうしなけりゃ、そつぎょうできゃしないよ。","words":[{"text":"いや、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"いくら","gloss":"no matter how"},{"text":"身体","gloss":"health","reading":"からだ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"じょうぶ","gloss":"healthy"},{"text":"で","gloss":"being"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"まじめ","gloss":"faithfully"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なけりゃ、","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"卒業","gloss":"graduation","reading":"そつぎょう"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ゃ","gloss":"emphasis"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.006","source":"はあ、中には 心がけの よくない 学生 が 居ます。","translation":"Yes, there are some students with a bad mental attitude among us.","reading":"はあ、なかにはこころがけのよくないがくせいがいます。","words":[{"text":"はあ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"中","gloss":"among","reading":"なか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"心がけ","gloss":"attitude","reading":"こころがけ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"good"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"学生","gloss":"students","reading":"がくせい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"居","gloss":"exist","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"----- YA SHINAI\nThe MASU-form base (the base of a verb to which MASU is attached) + WA SHINAI occurs as a more emphatic equivalent of the corresponding negative of the verb. This MASU-form + WA is contracted to --YA and becomes -- YA SHINAI. The stem of an unaccented verb acquires an accent on its final syllable.\nExamples:\nTABENAI --- TABE WA SHINAI “doesn’t eat”\nNOMANAKATTA --- NOMI WA SHINAKATTA “didn’t drink”\nKONAI --- KI WA SHINAI “doesn’t come”\nSHIMASEN --- SHI WA SHIMASEN “doesn’t do”\nIn more familiar speech, WA becomes YA, resulting in combinations like:\nTABE YA SHINAI or ”TABYA SHINAI”\nNOMI YA SHINAKATTA or ”NOMYA SHINAKATTA”\nKI YA SHINAI or ”KYA SHINAI”\nIn contracted speech, a verb stem of two or more syllables ending in i, loses its final i; the a of particle YA is often lengthened.\nExamples;\nNOMYA(A) SHINAI “doesn’t drink”\nHANASHA(A) SHINAI “doesn’t talk”"},{"section":2,"text":"Presents\nIf modesty can be considered one of the characteristics of the Japanese people, it certainly manifests itself in their attitude in making presents. When a Japanese presents a thing to another person, it is the custom for him to say that the gift he is making is a mere trifle or that the gift may not appeal to the recipient (MAKOTO NI SOMATSU NA MONO DESU GA, --- ). He writes on the wrapper of the parcel containing the gift he is presenting in person or sending by mail, Chinese characters meaning literally ”valueless article” or SOSHINA in Japanese."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"一夫","gloss":"a given name for a male"},{"word":"君、","gloss":"suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)"},{"word":"めでたく","gloss":"successfully; happily"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"とう。","gloss":"tower"},{"word":"い","gloss":"stomach"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"やっと","gloss":"finally; at last"},{"word":"間、","gloss":"between"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"幸い","gloss":"fortunately"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"から。","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いや、","gloss":"no"},{"word":"いくら","gloss":"how much? how many?"},{"word":"も","gloss":"as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"心がけ","gloss":"mental attitude; intension"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"学生","gloss":"student (higher sch.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Working through university hardship · Dialogue 2 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"Work, hardship and resolve","paragraphs":["*それを 君 は 働き ながら 学校に 行ったん だろう* recalls that Kazuo attended school while working. His friend expresses admiration.","Kazuo admits that some periods were hard. *これからも、今まで 以上 一しょうけんめい やりたい と 思って おります* says he hopes to work harder from now on."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.007","source":"それを 君 は 働き ながら 学校に 行ったん だろう。 感心 するよ。","translation":"In spite of that, you went to school while working, didn’t you? I am really impressed.","reading":"それをきみははたらきながらがっこうにいったんだろう。かんしんするよ。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"を","gloss":"despite"},{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"働き","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらき"},{"text":"ながら","gloss":"while"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"感心","gloss":"impressed","reading":"かんしん"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.008","source":"はい、苦しい 時 も ありました。 でも、どうしても 働かねば 学校に 行けない と 言うのでは ありませんでした から、わりに 気楽 でした。","translation":"Yes, there were agonizing times. But since it wasn’t such that i couldn’t go to school if I did not work, i was comparatively free from care.","reading":"はい、くるしいときもありました。でも、どうしてもはたらかねばがっこうにいけないというのではありませんでしたから、わりにきらくでした。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"苦しい","gloss":"painful","reading":"くるしい"},{"text":"時","gloss":"times","reading":"とき"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"},{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"absolutely"},{"text":"し","gloss":"absolutely"},{"text":"て","gloss":"absolutely"},{"text":"も","gloss":"absolutely"},{"text":"働か","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらか"},{"text":"ね","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行け","gloss":"can go","reading":"いけ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"わり","gloss":"relatively"},{"text":"に","gloss":"relatively"},{"text":"気楽","gloss":"carefree","reading":"きらく"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.009","source":"苦しい 事が あればこそ 一そう 卒業 の 喜びが 大きいん だよ。","translation":"Only because you have had hardships, the gratification of your graduation is all the more greater.","reading":"くるしいことがあればこそいっそうそつぎょうのよろこびがおおきいんだよ。","words":[{"text":"苦しい","gloss":"hard","reading":"くるしい"},{"text":"事","gloss":"things","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あれ","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"こそ","gloss":"only because"},{"text":"一そう","gloss":"all the more","reading":"いっそう"},{"text":"卒業","gloss":"graduation","reading":"そつぎょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"喜び","gloss":"joy","reading":"よろこび"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"great","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.010","source":"それは そうです。 これからも、今まで 以上 一しょうけんめい やりたい と 思って おります。","translation":"That’s true. I am hoping to strive much hardi from here on than I have been up to now.","reading":"それはそうです。これからも、いままでいじょういっしょうけんめいやりたいとおもっております。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"also"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"以上","gloss":"more than","reading":"いじょう"},{"text":"一しょ","gloss":"with all one's might","reading":"いっしょ"},{"text":"う","gloss":"with all one's might"},{"text":"けんめい","gloss":"with all one's might"},{"text":"やり","gloss":"strive"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"am thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"おり","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am thinking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.011","source":"君 は 機械工学 せんこう だった ね。","translation":"Your major was mechanical engineering, wasn’t it?","reading":"きみはきかいこうがくせんこうだったね。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"機械","gloss":"mechanical engineering","reading":"きかい"},{"text":"工学","gloss":"mechanical engineering","reading":"こうがく"},{"text":"せんこう","gloss":"major"},{"text":"だっ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.012","source":"はい。","translation":"Yes.","reading":"はい。","words":[{"text":"はい。","gloss":"yes"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"君","gloss":"suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)"},{"word":"ながら","gloss":"while (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"苦しい","gloss":"distressful; agonizing; suffering hardship"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"ね","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"気楽","gloss":"peace of mind; free from care"},{"word":"こそ","gloss":"indeed, certainly\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"一そう","gloss":"all the more"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Comparing pay and prospects · Dialogue 3 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"Salary and future prospects","paragraphs":["*将来 しょう進 の 道 が ひらけて いなければ、ほう給 は 最初 は よくても だめ だよ* rejects good initial pay when no path to promotion is open.","Engineering offers many job openings, but salary and future prospects decide whether a position is worthwhile.","Kazuo prefers a lower starting salary with good future prospects."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.013","source":"機械工学 や 電気工学 を せんこう した者 は いい しゅう職口 が 多いそうだね。","translation":"I understand that those who have majored in mechanical engineering and electrical engineering have many job openings, isn’t that rig:","reading":"きかいこうがくやでんきこうがくをせんこうしたものはいいしゅうしょくぐちがおおいそうだね。","words":[{"text":"機械","gloss":"mechanical engineering","reading":"きかい"},{"text":"工学","gloss":"mechanical engineering","reading":"こうがく"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"電気","gloss":"electrical engineering","reading":"でんき"},{"text":"工学","gloss":"electrical engineering","reading":"こうがく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"せんこう","gloss":"major"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"者","gloss":"people","reading":"もの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"job openings"},{"text":"職","gloss":"job openings","reading":"しょく"},{"text":"口","gloss":"job openings","reading":"ぐち"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.014","source":"しゅう職 の 方 は 心配 ありません。","translation":"Ihere is no worry about employment.","reading":"しゅうしょくのほうはしんぱいありません。","words":[{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"employment"},{"text":"職","gloss":"employment","reading":"しょく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"regard","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"心配","gloss":"worry","reading":"しんぱい"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.015","source":"ひっぱりだこ とか。","translation":"I understand they are much sought after.","reading":"ひっぱりだことか。","words":[{"text":"ひっぱり","gloss":"sought after"},{"text":"だこ","gloss":"sought after"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.016","source":"そうでも ありませんが、しゅう職口 は 多いです。 問題 は 給料と 将来性 です。","translation":"I don’t think so, but there are many job openings. The question is the matter of wages and the future prospects.","reading":"そうでもありませんが、しゅうしょくぐちはおおいです。もんだいはきゅうりょうとしょうらいせいです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"job openings"},{"text":"職","gloss":"job openings","reading":"しょく"},{"text":"口","gloss":"job openings","reading":"ぐち"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"問題","gloss":"question","reading":"もんだい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"給料","gloss":"salary","reading":"きゅうりょう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"将来","gloss":"future prospects","reading":"しょうらい"},{"text":"性","gloss":"future prospects","reading":"せい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.017","source":"将来 しょう進 の 道 が ひらけて いなければ、ほう給 は 最初 は よくても だめ だよ。","translation":"Even if the wages are good at the beginning, if avenues of promotion in the future are not open, it is not good.","reading":"しょうらいしょうしんのみちがひらけていなければ、ほうきゅうはさいしょはよくてもだめだよ。","words":[{"text":"将来","gloss":"future","reading":"しょうらい"},{"text":"しょう","gloss":"promotion"},{"text":"進","gloss":"promotion","reading":"しん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"道","gloss":"path","reading":"みち"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ひらけ","gloss":"be open"},{"text":"て","gloss":"be open"},{"text":"い","gloss":"be open"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"salary"},{"text":"給","gloss":"salary","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"最初","gloss":"beginning","reading":"さいしょ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"good"},{"text":"て","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"だめ","gloss":"no good"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.018","source":"初任給 は 少し 安くても、将来性 の ある方 が はりあい が あります。","translation":"Even if the starting salary is low, if there is a good prospect in the future, there is something to look forward to.","reading":"しょにんきゅうはすこしやすくても、しょうらいせいのあるほうがはりあいがあります。","words":[{"text":"初任","gloss":"starting salary","reading":"しょにん"},{"text":"給","gloss":"starting salary","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"安く","gloss":"low","reading":"やすく"},{"text":"て","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"将来","gloss":"future prospects","reading":"しょうらい"},{"text":"性","gloss":"future prospects","reading":"せい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"have"},{"text":"方","gloss":"alternative","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"はりあい","gloss":"something to anticipate"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"電気","gloss":"electricity"},{"word":"者","gloss":"person"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"しゅう","gloss":"state"},{"word":"口","gloss":"place of employment; a family into which a woman marries"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"給料","gloss":"wage, salary"},{"word":"将来","gloss":"future; in the future"},{"word":"しょう","gloss":"award, reward"},{"word":"道","gloss":"road, street"},{"word":"だめ","gloss":"no good, useless,\nhopeless"},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"はりあい","gloss":"challenge; rivalry; excitement"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Parents, presents and graduation photographs · Dialogue 4 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"Pride and a present","paragraphs":["*父母 も 大変 喜んでくれました* says Kazuo's parents were very glad about his graduation. He says they feel relieved.","His friend then offers a present, and Kazuo promises a graduation photograph in return."]},{"title":"A present described modestly","paragraphs":["A Japanese giver conventionally speaks modestly about a present. The giver may call it a mere trifle or say it may not please the receiver.","In *これは そまつな 物 だが、ほんの 印 までに 受取って くれないか*, *そまつな* describes the gift as humble or crude. The giver offers it as a small token."]},{"title":"Kanji: 印","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.019","source":"そう だろう。 で、君 が卒業したので、御両親 は さぞ お喜び だろうな。","translation":"I suppose you are right. And I suppose your parents are very glad of your graduation?","reading":"そうだろう。で、きみがそつぎょうしたので、ごりょうしんはさぞおよろこびだろうな。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"卒業","gloss":"graduation","reading":"そつぎょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"御","gloss":"parents","reading":"ご"},{"text":"両親","gloss":"parents","reading":"りょうしん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さぞ","gloss":"surely"},{"text":"お","gloss":"glad"},{"text":"喜び","gloss":"glad","reading":"よろこび"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"な。","gloss":"I wonder"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.020","source":"はい、父母 も 大変 喜んでくれました。 これで 重荷 が おりた と 言っています。","translation":"Yes, my father and mother were very glad for me. They were saying that this will relieve them of a heavy burden.","reading":"はい、ふぼもたいへんよろこんでくれました。これでおもにがおりたといっています。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"父母","gloss":"parents","reading":"ふぼ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"喜ん","gloss":"be glad","reading":"よろこん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"be glad"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"重荷","gloss":"heavy burden","reading":"おもに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"おり","gloss":"lift"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"are saying","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are saying"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are saying"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"are saying"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.021","source":"自分の 子供 が よく やってくれると、親 としては これより うれしい 事はない からね。","translation":"If their children do well, there is nothing more pleasing for parents than this.","reading":"じぶんのこどもがよくやってくれると、おやとしてはこれよりうれしいことはないからね。","words":[{"text":"自分","gloss":"one's own","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"do well"},{"text":"て","gloss":"do well"},{"text":"くれる","gloss":"for them"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"親","gloss":"parents","reading":"おや"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"being"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"うれしい","gloss":"pleasing"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"none"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.021.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.022","source":"そうだろうと 思います。 まあ、皆様 に こうして 喜んで いただいて、ありがたいと 思って おります。","translation":"I think so. I am very grateful for having everybody be so glad for me in this manner.","reading":"そうだろうとおもいます。まあ、みなさまにこうしてよろこんでいただいて、ありがたいとおもっております。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"まあ、","gloss":"well"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"everybody","reading":"みな"},{"text":"様","gloss":"everybody","reading":"さま"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"in this manner"},{"text":"し","gloss":"in this manner"},{"text":"て","gloss":"in this manner"},{"text":"喜ん","gloss":"be glad","reading":"よろこん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"be glad"},{"text":"いただい","gloss":"receive favor"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ありがたい","gloss":"grateful"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"am thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"おり","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am thinking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.022.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.023","source":"これは そまつな 物 だが、ほんの 印 までに 受取って くれないか。","translation":"Please accept my present such as it is, as a small token of my best wishes.","reading":"これはそまつなものだが、ほんのしるしまでにうけとってくれないか。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"そまつ","gloss":"humble"},{"text":"な","gloss":"being"},{"text":"物","gloss":"gift","reading":"もの"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ほんの","gloss":"mere"},{"text":"印","gloss":"token","reading":"しるし"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"only"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as"},{"text":"受取っ","gloss":"accept","reading":"うけとっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"please"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.023.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.024","source":"御ていねいに ありがとう 御ざいます。 いただきましょう。 二三日しましたら 卒業写真 が 出来上りますから、一枚 差し上げたい と 存じます。","translation":"Thank you for being so courteous. I’ll accept it. The graduation pictxtres will be done in two or three more days, so I would like to give you one.","reading":"ごていねいにありがとうございます。いただきましょう。にさんにちしましたらそつぎょうしゃしんができあがりますから、いちまいさしあげたいとぞんじます。","words":[{"text":"御","gloss":"courtesy","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ていねい","gloss":"courtesy"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ありがとう","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"御","gloss":"thank you","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"い","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"いただき","gloss":"accept"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"shall"},{"text":"二三","gloss":"two or three","reading":"にさん"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days","reading":"にち"},{"text":"し","gloss":"pass"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"when"},{"text":"卒業","gloss":"graduation pictures","reading":"そつぎょう"},{"text":"写真","gloss":"graduation pictures","reading":"しゃしん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来上り","gloss":"be finished","reading":"できあがり"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one copy"},{"text":"枚","gloss":"one copy"},{"text":"差し上げ","gloss":"give"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"存じ","gloss":"humbly think","reading":"ぞんじ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"な。","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"父母","gloss":"father and mother"},{"word":"重荷","gloss":"heavy burden; burden"},{"word":"自分","gloss":"self"},{"word":"より","gloss":"than (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"うれしい","gloss":"joyful, glad, happy"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"まあ、","gloss":"Well! Oh, my!"},{"word":"ほんの","gloss":"trivial, just slight, little"},{"word":"ていねい","gloss":"polite (copula noun)"},{"word":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Thanking someone for a gift · Dialogue 5 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"Thanks and modest acceptance","paragraphs":["Kazuo thanks his friend for a fine graduation present. *大変 立派 な お祝い を いただいて、本当 に ありがとう 御ざいました* expresses deep thanks.","His friend uses the modest *そまつな 物* from the gift exchange and says he is pleased that Kazuo liked it."]}],"lines":[{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.025","source":"ありがとう。 是非 一枚 もらいたいね。","translation":"Thank you. I siurely would like to get one by all means.","reading":"ありがとう。ぜひいちまいもらいたいね。","words":[{"text":"ありがとう。","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"是非","gloss":"definitely"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one copy"},{"text":"枚","gloss":"one copy"},{"text":"もらい","gloss":"receive"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.025.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.026","source":"大変 立派 な お祝い を いただいて、本当 に ありがとう 御ざいました。","translation":"You have given me a handsome gift and I really thank you very much,","reading":"たいへんりっぱなおいわいをいただいて、ほんとうにありがとうございました。","words":[{"text":"大変","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"立派","gloss":"splendid","reading":"りっぱ"},{"text":"な","gloss":"being"},{"text":"お","gloss":"gift"},{"text":"祝い","gloss":"gift","reading":"いわい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"いただい","gloss":"receive"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"本当","gloss":"really","reading":"ほんとう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ありがとう","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"御","gloss":"thank you","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"い","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.026.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.027","source":"そまつな 物 だが、喜んで もらって うれしいよ。","translation":"It’s a very crude thing, but I am pleased that you liked it,","reading":"そまつなものだが、よろこんでもらってうれしいよ。","words":[{"text":"そまつ","gloss":"humble"},{"text":"な","gloss":"being"},{"text":"物","gloss":"thing","reading":"もの"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"喜ん","gloss":"be pleased","reading":"よろこん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"be pleased"},{"text":"もらっ","gloss":"receive"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"うれしい","gloss":"happy"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.027.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L115.dlg.028","source":"どうも ありがとう 御ざいました。","translation":"Thank you, indeed.","reading":"どうもありがとうございました。","words":[{"text":"どう","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"も","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"ありがとう","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"御","gloss":"thank you","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"い","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.dlg.028.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"祝い","gloss":"celebration, congratulation"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Strong negative predictions · Perception drill","teaching":[{"title":"A firm prediction","paragraphs":["*今月の 終り までは 行きゃ しないと 思います* means \"I do not think he will go before the end of this month.\"","The contracted *行きゃ しない* gives the negative prediction extra emphasis."]},{"title":"How the stronger negative is formed","paragraphs":["Add *WA SHINAI* to the verb base that takes *MASU*. This gives the corresponding negative extra emphasis.","*WA* contracts to *YA* in informal speech. *KI WA SHINAI* becomes *KYA SHINAI*.","A base of two or more syllables ending in *i* loses that final *i* in contracted speech. *NOMYA SHINAI* means \"does not drink.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L115.gp1.01","source":"勉強しなければ 卒業 出来やしません。","translation":"One can’t graduate if he doesn’t study.","reading":"べんきょうしなければそつぎょうできやしません。","words":[{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"卒業","gloss":"graduation","reading":"そつぎょう"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"や","gloss":"emphasis"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L115.gp1.02","source":"ジョンズさんは よく 飲む ね。","translation":"Mr. Jones really drinks a lot, doesn’t he?","reading":"ジョンズさんはよくのむね。","words":[{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"a lot"},{"text":"飲む","gloss":"drink","reading":"のむ"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L115.gp1.03","source":"ええ、ハイボール 四五はいでは よや しないよ。","translation":"Yes, he doesn’t get drunk drinking just four or five highballs.","reading":"ええ、ハイボールしごはいではよやしないよ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ハイ","gloss":"highball"},{"text":"ボール","gloss":"highball"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four","reading":"し"},{"text":"五","gloss":"five","reading":"ご"},{"text":"はい","gloss":"glasses"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よ","gloss":"get drunk"},{"text":"や","gloss":"emphasis"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L115.gp1.04","source":"田中さんは もう 日本へ 行ったでしょうか。","translation":"I wonder if Mr. Tanaka has already gone to Japan?","reading":"たなかさんはもうにほんへいったでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L115.gp1.05","source":"今月の 終り までは 行きゃ しないと 思います。","translation":"I don’t thing he’ll go before the end of this month.","reading":"こんげつのおわりまではいきゃしないとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"今月","gloss":"this month","reading":"こんげつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"終り","gloss":"end","reading":"おわり"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"行きゃ","gloss":"go","reading":"いきゃ"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L115.gp1.06","source":"今晩ごろ 雨が 降るのでは ないでしょうか。","translation":"Don’t you think it’s going to rain around tonight?","reading":"こんばんごろあめがふるのではないでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"ごろ","gloss":"around"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"rain","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L115.gp1.07","source":"ラジオでは 二三日 降らないと 言っていた から、降りゃ しないでしょう。","translation":"It probably won’t rain, because they were saying on the radio that it won’t rain for two or three days.","reading":"ラジオではにさんにちふらないといっていたから、ふりゃしないでしょう。","words":[{"text":"ラジオ","gloss":"radio"},{"text":"で","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days"},{"text":"降ら","gloss":"rain"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"were saying","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"were saying"},{"text":"い","gloss":"were saying"},{"text":"た","gloss":"were saying"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"降りゃ","gloss":"rain","reading":"ふりゃ"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L115.gp1.08","source":"明日は 君の 奥さんの 誕生日 だから 何か 贈物 を 買うのを 忘れては いけないよ。","translation":"Since tomorrow is your wife’s birthday, don’t forget to buy a present.","reading":"あしたはきみのおくさんのたんじょうびだからなにかおくりものをかうのをわすれてはいけないよ。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"誕生","gloss":"birthday","reading":"たんじょう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"birthday","reading":"び"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"何","gloss":"something","reading":"なに"},{"text":"か","gloss":"something"},{"text":"贈物","gloss":"present","reading":"おくりもの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"忘れ","gloss":"forget","reading":"わすれ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"acceptable"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L115.gp1.09","source":"ありがとう。 大事な 日だから、忘れやしないよ。","translation":"Thank you. I won’t forget it because it is an important day.","reading":"ありがとう。だいじなひだから、わすれやしないよ。","words":[{"text":"ありがとう。","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"大事","gloss":"important","reading":"だいじ"},{"text":"な","gloss":"being"},{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"忘れ","gloss":"forget","reading":"わすれ"},{"text":"や","gloss":"emphasis"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L115.gp1.10","source":"スミスは 週末には 勉強しない らしい ですね。","translation":"It seems Smith doesn’t study on weekends, isn’t that right?","reading":"スミスはしゅうまつにはべんきょうしないらしいですね。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"週末","gloss":"weekends","reading":"しゅうまつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L115.gp1.11","source":"ええ、かれは 週末には けっして 勉強 しやしませんよ。","translation":"No, he never studies on weekends.","reading":"ええ、かれはしゅうまつにはけっしてべんきょうしやしませんよ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"かれ","gloss":"he"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"週末","gloss":"weekends","reading":"しゅうまつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"けっして","gloss":"never"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"やし","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.gp1.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"今月","gloss":"this month"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"降る","gloss":"to fall (rain) (v.i.)"},{"word":"ラジオ","gloss":"radio"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"word":"買う","gloss":"to buy"},{"word":"いけ","gloss":"pond, dam, reservoir"},{"word":"かれ","gloss":"he"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying something will not happen · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"An emphatic refusal or denial","paragraphs":["*あの 生徒 は この ごろ 勉強 しやしない* says the student has not been studying lately.","The emphatic *しやしない* negative applies to present actions, future actions and ability.","*この 仕事 は 子供には 出来ゃしませんよ* says that a child cannot do this job."]}],"lines":[{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.m1","source":"あの 生徒 は この ごろ 勉強 しやしない。","translation":"That student hasn't been studying lately.","reading":"あのせいとはこのごろべんきょうしやしない。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"lately"},{"text":"ごろ","gloss":"lately"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"や","gloss":"emphasis"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.01","source":"あの 生徒 は 教えても 習やしません。","translation":"That student won't learn even if you teach him.","reading":"あのせいとはおしえてもならやしません。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"教え","gloss":"teach","reading":"おしえ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"習","gloss":"learn","reading":"なら"},{"text":"や","gloss":"emphasis"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.02","source":"私が 見ていないと、子供たちは 働きゃしません。","translation":"The children won't work unless I'm watching them.","reading":"わたくしがみていないと、こどもたちははたらきゃしません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"見","gloss":"not watching","reading":"み"},{"text":"て","gloss":"not watching"},{"text":"い","gloss":"not watching"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not watching"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"unless"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"plural"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"働きゃ","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらきゃ"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.03","source":"スミスさんは 家では 日本語 を 話しゃしない。","translation":"Mr. Smith doesn't speak Japanese at home.","reading":"スミスさんはいえではにほんごをはなしゃしない。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"話しゃ","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなしゃ"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.04","source":"この 字引 は ちっとも 役に立ちゃしない。","translation":"This dictionary isn't useful at all.","reading":"このじびきはちっともやくにたちゃしない。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"字引","gloss":"dictionary","reading":"じびき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ちっとも","gloss":"not at all"},{"text":"役","gloss":"useful","reading":"やく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"useful"},{"text":"立ちゃ","gloss":"useful","reading":"たちゃ"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.05","source":"田村さんは 明日 学校 を 休みゃせんと思う。","translation":"I don't think Mr. Tamura will miss school tomorrow.","reading":"たむらさんはあしたがっこうをやすみゃせんとおもう。","words":[{"text":"田村","gloss":"Tamura","reading":"たむら"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"休みゃ","gloss":"miss","reading":"やすみゃ"},{"text":"せ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思う。","gloss":"think","reading":"おもう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.06","source":"七時に 始まりゃしませんよ。","translation":"It won't start at seven o'clock.","reading":"しちじにはじまりゃしませんよ。","words":[{"text":"七","gloss":"seven o'clock","reading":"しち"},{"text":"時","gloss":"seven o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"始まりゃ","gloss":"start","reading":"はじまりゃ"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.07","source":"パーカーさんは サシミ は 食びゃしませんよ。","translation":"Mr. Parker won't eat sashimi.","reading":"パーカーさんはサシミはたびゃしませんよ。","words":[{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"サシミ","gloss":"sashimi"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"食","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"び","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ゃ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.08","source":"この 仕事 は 子供には 出来ゃしませんよ。","translation":"A child can't do this job.","reading":"このしごとはこどもにはできゃしませんよ。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"job","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can do","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ゃ","gloss":"can do"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"ちっとも","gloss":"not even a little (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"せ","gloss":"height (of man)"},{"word":"思う。","gloss":"to think"},{"word":"七","gloss":"seven"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Explaining why outcomes will not happen · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A firm negative with a reason","paragraphs":["The emphatic negative in *発展しやしませんよ* rejects a predicted outcome before its cause.","*いいえ、発展しやしませんよ。 この町 には 大きな 工業 が ないから* says the town will not develop because it has no major industry.","A condition can support the same pattern. *食べる量を へらさない限り やしゃしませんよ* says weight loss will not happen unless the amount eaten decreases."]}],"lines":[{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.09","source":"この町 は 発展するでしょうか。","translation":"Will this town develop?","reading":"このまちははってんするでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"発展","gloss":"development","reading":"はってん"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.10","source":"いいえ、発展しやしませんよ。 この町 には 大きな 工業 が ないから。","translation":"No, it won't develop, because this town has no major industry.","reading":"いいえ、はってんしやしませんよ。このまちにはおおきなこうぎょうがないから。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"発展","gloss":"development","reading":"はってん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"やし","gloss":"develop"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"major","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"工業","gloss":"industry","reading":"こうぎょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"does not exist"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.11","source":"君 は やせようとしているそうだが、中々 やしゃしないじゃないか。","translation":"I hear you're trying to lose weight, but you aren't losing much, are you?","reading":"きみはやせようとしているそうだが、なかなかやしゃしないじゃないか。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やせよう","gloss":"lose weight"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"し","gloss":"try"},{"text":"て","gloss":"try"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are trying"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"中々","gloss":"much","reading":"なかなか"},{"text":"や","gloss":"lose weight"},{"text":"しゃし","gloss":"lose weight"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"じゃ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.12","source":"ええ、僕 は 食べるのが好きだからね。 食べる量を へらさない限り やしゃしませんよ。","translation":"Yes, I like to eat, you know, so I won't lose weight unless I reduce how much I eat.","reading":"ええ、ぼくはたべるのがすきだからね。たべるりょうをへらさないかぎりやしゃしませんよ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"僕","gloss":"I","reading":"ぼく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you know"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"量","gloss":"amount","reading":"りょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"へらさ","gloss":"reduce"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"限り","gloss":"unless","reading":"かぎり"},{"text":"や","gloss":"lose weight"},{"text":"しゃし","gloss":"lose weight"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.13","source":"言葉 が わからないから、日本へ行って 困るでしょうか。","translation":"Since I don't understand the language, will I have trouble when I go to Japan?","reading":"ことばがわからないから、にほんへいってこまるでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"言葉","gloss":"language","reading":"ことば"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"わから","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"困る","gloss":"have trouble","reading":"こまる"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.14","source":"あなた ぐらい 日本語 が わかれば ちっとも 困りゃしませんよ。","translation":"If you understand as much Japanese as you do, you won't have any trouble at all.","reading":"あなたぐらいにほんごがわかればちっともこまりゃしませんよ。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"わかれ","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"ちっとも","gloss":"not at all"},{"text":"困りゃ","gloss":"have trouble","reading":"こまりゃ"},{"text":"し","gloss":"have trouble"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.15","source":"明日の ピクニック に ビールが 二ダース あれば じゅう分 でしょうか。","translation":"Will two dozen beers be enough for tomorrow's picnic?","reading":"あしたのピクニックにビールがにダースあればじゅうぶんでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"の","gloss":"for"},{"text":"ピクニック","gloss":"picnic"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"ビール","gloss":"beer"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"ダース","gloss":"dozen"},{"text":"あれ","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"じゅう","gloss":"enough"},{"text":"分","gloss":"enough","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.15.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.16","source":"二ダースでは 足りゃしませんよ。 ジョンズさん と ミラーさん は 二人で 一ダース 飲んでしまいますよ。","translation":"Two dozen won't be enough; Mr. Jones and Mr. Miller will drink a dozen between them.","reading":"にダースではたりゃしませんよ。ジョンズさんとミラーさんはふたりでいちダースのんでしまいますよ。","words":[{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"ダース","gloss":"dozen"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"足りゃ","gloss":"be enough","reading":"たりゃ"},{"text":"し","gloss":"be enough"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ミラー","gloss":"Miller"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"二人","gloss":"two people","reading":"ふたり"},{"text":"で","gloss":"between"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"ダース","gloss":"dozen"},{"text":"飲ん","gloss":"drink up","reading":"のん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"drink up"},{"text":"しまい","gloss":"drink up"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.17","source":"明日ごろ 雨 が やむでしょうか。","translation":"Will the rain stop by about tomorrow?","reading":"あしたごろあめがやむでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"ごろ","gloss":"around"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"やむ","gloss":"stop"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.17.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"町","gloss":"town"},{"word":"大きな","gloss":"big, large (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"工業","gloss":"manufacturing industry"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"中々","gloss":"considerably, very"},{"word":"僕","gloss":"I (see notes)"},{"word":"好き","gloss":"to like, be fond of (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"量","gloss":"amount (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"ビール","gloss":"beer"},{"word":"分","gloss":"minute"},{"word":"二人","gloss":"2 people"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"やむ","gloss":"stop (v.i.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Negative verbs and outcomes · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"The contraction with different verbs","paragraphs":["*この雨 は 中々 やみゃしませんよ* says the rain will not stop for quite a while. The emphatic negative appears with many verbs.","The reason follows in the same line. The rain will continue for another four or five days.","The actions in *起きる*, *飲む*, *帰る* and *忘れる* take the same emphatic negative pattern."]}],"lines":[{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.18","source":"この雨 は 中々 やみゃしませんよ。 まだ 四五日 は 降りつづく そうですから。","translation":"This rain won't stop for quite a while, because they say it will keep raining for another four or five days.","reading":"このあめはなかなかやみゃしませんよ。まだしごにちはふりつづくそうですから。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"中々","gloss":"for quite a while","reading":"なかなか"},{"text":"やみゃ","gloss":"stop"},{"text":"し","gloss":"stop"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"another"},{"text":"四五","gloss":"four or five","reading":"しご"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days","reading":"にち"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"rain","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"つづく","gloss":"continue"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"they say"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.19","source":"起きる","translation":"to get up","reading":"おきる","words":[{"text":"起きる","gloss":"get up","reading":"おきる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.20","source":"飲む","translation":"to drink","reading":"のむ","words":[{"text":"飲む","gloss":"drink","reading":"のむ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.20.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.21","source":"帰る","translation":"to return home","reading":"かえる","words":[{"text":"帰る","gloss":"return home","reading":"かえる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.21.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.22","source":"自動車を なおす","translation":"to repair a car","reading":"じどうしゃをなおす","words":[{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃをな"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"なおす","gloss":"repair"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.22.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.23","source":"さく（花）","translation":"to bloom (a flower)","reading":"さく（はな）","words":[{"text":"さく","gloss":"bloom"},{"text":"（花）","gloss":"a flower","reading":"はな"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.23.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.24","source":"食う","translation":"to eat","reading":"くう","words":[{"text":"食う","gloss":"eat","reading":"くう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.24.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.25","source":"忘れる","translation":"to forget","reading":"わすれる","words":[{"text":"忘れる","gloss":"forget","reading":"わすれる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.25.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L115.pt1.26","source":"忘れる。","translation":"To forget.","reading":"わすれる。","words":[{"text":"忘れる。","gloss":"forget","reading":"わすれる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.pt1.26.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"},{"word":"つづく","gloss":"to last, continue"},{"word":"起きる","gloss":"occur; happen; get up (v.i.)"},{"word":"車","gloss":"vehicle, car"},{"word":"なおす","gloss":"to correct, mend, repair (v.t.)"},{"word":"さく","gloss":"to bloom (v.i.)"},{"word":"食う","gloss":"eat (vt)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Graduation after working through university · Reading Selection 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Hard work and graduation","paragraphs":["*働きながら 学校 に 行ったので、苦しい 時 も ありました* connects Haruo's work with his difficult periods before graduation.","His hardship makes graduation more joyful. His parents are pleased and say that a burden has been lifted."]}],"lines":[{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L115.rd.001","source":"田中さん の むすこさん の 春夫さんは、このたび めでたく 大学 を 卒業 されました。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka's son Haruo has now successfully graduated from the university.","reading":"たなかさんのむすこさんのはるおさんは、このたびめでたくだいがくをそつぎょうされました。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"むすこ","gloss":"son"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"春夫","gloss":"Haruo","reading":"はるお"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"たび","gloss":"time"},{"text":"めでたく","gloss":"successfully"},{"text":"大学","gloss":"university","reading":"だいがく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"卒業","gloss":"graduate","reading":"そつぎょう"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"honorably"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L115.rd.002","source":"働きながら 学校 に 行ったので、苦しい 時 も ありましたが、どうしても 働かねば 学校 に 行けない と 言うのでは なかったのですから、わりに 気楽だった そうです。","translation":"Because he went to school while working, there were difficult times, but since it was not that he absolutely had to work in order to attend school, he says he was comparatively free from care.","reading":"はたらきながらがっこうにいったので、くるしいときもありましたが、どうしてもはたらかねばがっこうにいけないというのではなかったのですから、わりにきらくだったそうです。","words":[{"text":"働き","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらき"},{"text":"ながら","gloss":"while"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"苦しい","gloss":"difficult","reading":"くるしい"},{"text":"時","gloss":"times","reading":"とき"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"absolutely"},{"text":"し","gloss":"absolutely"},{"text":"て","gloss":"absolutely"},{"text":"も","gloss":"absolutely"},{"text":"働か","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらか"},{"text":"ね","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行け","gloss":"attend","reading":"いけ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"cannot"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"case"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"わり","gloss":"comparatively"},{"text":"に","gloss":"comparatively"},{"text":"気楽","gloss":"carefree","reading":"きらく"},{"text":"だっ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L115.rd.003","source":"苦しい 事が あればこそ、一そう 卒業 の 喜びは 大きいものです。","translation":"It is precisely because there were hardships that the joy of graduation is all the greater.","reading":"くるしいことがあればこそ、いっそおそつぎょうのよろこびはおおきいものです。","words":[{"text":"苦しい","gloss":"difficult","reading":"くるしい"},{"text":"事","gloss":"things","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あれ","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"こそ、","gloss":"precisely"},{"text":"一そう","gloss":"all the more","reading":"いっそお"},{"text":"卒業","gloss":"graduation","reading":"そつぎょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"喜び","gloss":"joy","reading":"よろこび"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"great","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L115.rd.004","source":"春夫さん の 御両親 も、むすこさん の 卒業で 大変 お喜びに なっておられます。","translation":"Haruo's parents are also very pleased about their son's graduation.","reading":"はるおさんのごりょうしんも、むすこさんのそつぎょうでたいへんおよろこびになっておられます。","words":[{"text":"春夫","gloss":"Haruo","reading":"はるお"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"御","gloss":"parents","reading":"ご"},{"text":"両親","gloss":"parents","reading":"りょうしん"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"also"},{"text":"むすこ","gloss":"son"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"卒業","gloss":"graduation","reading":"そつぎょう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"about"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"お","gloss":"pleased"},{"text":"喜び","gloss":"pleased","reading":"よろこび"},{"text":"に","gloss":"become"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"おら","gloss":"be"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"honorably"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L115.rd.005","source":"これで 重荷が おりたと 言って おられました。","translation":"They said that a burden had now been lifted from their shoulders.","reading":"これでおもにがおりたといっておられました。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"重荷","gloss":"burden","reading":"おもに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"おり","gloss":"lift"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"おら","gloss":"be"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"honorably"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L115.rd.006","source":"親としては 自分の 子供が よく やってくれる ほど うれしい事 は ないそうです。","translation":"They say that, for parents, nothing is more pleasing than having their own child do well.","reading":"おやとしてはじぶんのこどもがよくやってくれるほどうれしいことはないそうです。","words":[{"text":"親","gloss":"parents","reading":"おや"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"as"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"own","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"くれる","gloss":"for them"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"うれしい","gloss":"pleasing"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"does not exist"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"they say"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.rd.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は、","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"こそ、","gloss":"indeed, certainly\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ほど","gloss":"to the extent (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Engineering jobs and advancement · Reading Selection 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A job after engineering","paragraphs":["Haruo finds a job soon after graduating in mechanical engineering. The passage says that engineering graduates have many good openings.","*しかし、問題 は 給料 と 将来性 です* identifies salary and future prospects as the main concerns.","A job without a path to advancement is poor even with good initial pay. A lower starting salary can be worthwhile when prospects are good."]}],"lines":[{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L115.rd.007","source":"春夫さん は 機械工学 せんこう でしたから、卒業 すると すぐ しゅう職口 が ありました。","translation":"Since Haruo majored in mechanical engineering, he had a job opening as soon as he graduated.","reading":"はるおさんはきかいこうがくせんこうでしたから、そつぎょうするとすぐしゅうしょくぐちがありました。","words":[{"text":"春夫","gloss":"Haruo","reading":"はるお"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"機械","gloss":"mechanical engineering","reading":"きかい"},{"text":"工学","gloss":"mechanical engineering","reading":"こうがく"},{"text":"せんこう","gloss":"major"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"卒業","gloss":"graduate","reading":"そつぎょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"job opening"},{"text":"職","gloss":"job opening","reading":"しょく"},{"text":"口","gloss":"job opening","reading":"ぐち"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L115.rd.008","source":"機械工学 や 電気工学 を せんこうした 人 は いい しゅう職口 が 多く、しゅう職 の 方 は 心配ないそうです。","translation":"There are many good job openings for people who majored in mechanical or electrical engineering, so they say there is no need to worry about employment.","reading":"きかいこうがくやでんきこうがくをせんこうしたひとはいいしゅうしょくぐちがおおく、しゅうしょくのほうはしんぱいないそうです。","words":[{"text":"機械","gloss":"mechanical engineering","reading":"きかい"},{"text":"工学","gloss":"mechanical engineering","reading":"こうがく"},{"text":"や","gloss":"or"},{"text":"電気","gloss":"electrical engineering","reading":"でんき"},{"text":"工学","gloss":"electrical engineering","reading":"こうがく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"せんこう","gloss":"major"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"job opening"},{"text":"職","gloss":"job opening","reading":"しょく"},{"text":"口","gloss":"job opening","reading":"ぐち"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多く、","gloss":"many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"employment"},{"text":"職","gloss":"employment","reading":"しょく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"regarding"},{"text":"方","gloss":"side","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"心配","gloss":"worry","reading":"しんぱい"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"none"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"they say"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L115.rd.009","source":"しかし、問題 は 給料 と 将来性 です。","translation":"However, the questions are salary and future prospects.","reading":"しかし、もんだいはきゅうりょおとしょおらいせいです。","words":[{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"問題","gloss":"questions","reading":"もんだい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"給料","gloss":"salary","reading":"きゅうりょお"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"将来","gloss":"future prospects","reading":"しょおらい"},{"text":"性","gloss":"future prospects","reading":"せい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L115.rd.010","source":"将来、しょう進 の 道が ひらけて いなければ、ほう給 は 最初 は よくても だめです。","translation":"If there is no path open for advancement in the future, a job is no good even if the pay is good at first.","reading":"しょおらい、しょうしんのみちがひらけていなければ、ほうきゅうはさいしょはよくてもだめです。","words":[{"text":"将来、","gloss":"in the future","reading":"しょおらい"},{"text":"しょう","gloss":"advancement"},{"text":"進","gloss":"advancement","reading":"しん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"道","gloss":"path","reading":"みち"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ひらけ","gloss":"open"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"い","gloss":"be"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"salary"},{"text":"給","gloss":"salary","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"最初","gloss":"at first","reading":"さいしょ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"good"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"だめ","gloss":"no good"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L115.rd.011","source":"初任給 は 少し 安くても 将来性 の ある 方 が はりあいが あるのです。","translation":"Even if the starting salary is a little low, a job with future prospects is more worthwhile.","reading":"しょにんきゅうはすこしやすくてもしょおらいせいのあるほうがはりあいがあるのです。","words":[{"text":"初任","gloss":"starting salary","reading":"しょにん"},{"text":"給","gloss":"starting salary","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"安く","gloss":"low","reading":"やすく"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"将来","gloss":"future prospects","reading":"しょおらい"},{"text":"性","gloss":"future prospects","reading":"せい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"with"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"having"},{"text":"方","gloss":"job","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"はりあい","gloss":"worthwhile"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.rd.011.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"すぐ","gloss":"right away, immediately"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"多く、","gloss":"many of them"},{"word":"しかし、","gloss":"however, but"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Graduation hardships and family pride · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Haruo and his parents","paragraphs":["The questions ask why Haruo faced hardship, why he remained comparatively free from care and how his parents reacted to graduation.","*なぜ 苦しい 時 が ありましたか* means \"Why were there difficult times?\" An answer gives the reason for the hardship.","Other answers report his parents' words and identify what pleases a parent most."]}],"lines":[{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L115.q.001","source":"田中さん の むすこさんの 春夫さんは、このたび どうしましたか。","translation":"What has now happened to Mr. Tanaka's son Haruo?","reading":"たなかさんのむすこさんのはるおさんは、このたびどうしましたか。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"むすこ","gloss":"son"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"春夫","gloss":"Haruo","reading":"はるお"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"たび","gloss":"time"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.q.001.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L115.q.002","source":"なぜ 苦しい 時 が ありましたか。","translation":"Why were there difficult times?","reading":"なぜくるしいときがありましたか。","words":[{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"苦しい","gloss":"difficult","reading":"くるしい"},{"text":"時","gloss":"times","reading":"とき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.q.002.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L115.q.003","source":"しかし、なぜ わりに 気楽でしたか。","translation":"But why was he comparatively free from care?","reading":"しかし、なぜわりにきらくでしたか。","words":[{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"わり","gloss":"comparatively"},{"text":"に","gloss":"comparatively"},{"text":"気楽","gloss":"carefree","reading":"きらく"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.q.003.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L115.q.004","source":"苦しい 事 が あればこそ、一そう 卒業 の 喜びは 大きいものですか。","translation":"Is the joy of graduation all the greater precisely because there were hardships?","reading":"くるしいことがあればこそ、いっそおそつぎょうのよろこびはおおきいものですか。","words":[{"text":"苦しい","gloss":"difficult","reading":"くるしい"},{"text":"事","gloss":"things","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あれ","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"こそ、","gloss":"precisely"},{"text":"一そう","gloss":"all the more","reading":"いっそお"},{"text":"卒業","gloss":"graduation","reading":"そつぎょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"喜び","gloss":"joy","reading":"よろこび"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"great","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.q.004.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L115.q.005","source":"春夫さんの 御両親 は、むすこさんの 卒業で 何と 言って おられましたか。","translation":"What did Haruo's parents say about their son's graduation?","reading":"はるおさんのごりょうしんは、むすこさんのそつぎょうでなんといっておられましたか。","words":[{"text":"春夫","gloss":"Haruo","reading":"はるお"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"御","gloss":"parents","reading":"ご"},{"text":"両親","gloss":"parents","reading":"りょうしん"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むすこ","gloss":"son"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"卒業","gloss":"graduation","reading":"そつぎょう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"about"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"おら","gloss":"be"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"honorably"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.q.005.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L115.q.006","source":"親 として 何ほど うれしい 事 は ありませんか。","translation":"As a parent, what could be more pleasing?","reading":"おやとしてなにほどうれしいことはありませんか。","words":[{"text":"親","gloss":"parent","reading":"おや"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"as"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"extent"},{"text":"うれしい","gloss":"pleasing"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.q.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"なぜ","gloss":"why?"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Majors, salaries and career prospects · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Work and future prospects","paragraphs":["The questions ask about Haruo's major, his immediate job opening and the fields with good employment prospects.","*何を せんこうした人 は いい しゅう職口 が 多いですか* means \"People who majored in what fields have many good job openings?\"","An answer names the relevant fields. Other answers compare starting salary with future prospects."]}],"lines":[{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L115.q.007","source":"春夫さんは 何を せんこうしていましたか。","translation":"What did Haruo major in?","reading":"はるおさんはなにをせんこうしていましたか。","words":[{"text":"春夫","gloss":"Haruo","reading":"はるお"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"せんこう","gloss":"major"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"い","gloss":"be"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.q.007.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L115.q.008","source":"卒業すると すぐ 仕事口 が ありましたか。","translation":"Was there a job opening as soon as he graduated?","reading":"そつぎょうするとすぐしごとぐちがありましたか。","words":[{"text":"卒業","gloss":"graduate","reading":"そつぎょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"job opening","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"口","gloss":"job opening","reading":"ぐち"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.q.008.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L115.q.009","source":"何を せんこうした人 は いい しゅう職口 が 多いですか。","translation":"People who majored in what fields have many good job openings?","reading":"なにをせんこうしたひとはいいしゅうしょくぐちがおおいですか。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"せんこう","gloss":"major"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"job opening"},{"text":"職","gloss":"job opening","reading":"しょく"},{"text":"口","gloss":"job opening","reading":"ぐち"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.q.009.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L115.q.010","source":"一番 大切な 問題 は 何ですか。","translation":"What are the most important questions?","reading":"いちばんたいせつなもんだいはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"大切","gloss":"important","reading":"たいせつ"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"問題","gloss":"questions","reading":"もんだい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.q.010.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L115.q.011","source":"ほう給 は 最初が よければ いいですか。","translation":"Is a job all right as long as the pay is good at first?","reading":"ほうきゅうはさいしょがよければいいですか。","words":[{"text":"ほう","gloss":"salary"},{"text":"給","gloss":"salary","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"最初","gloss":"at first","reading":"さいしょ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よけれ","gloss":"good"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.q.011.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L115.q.012","source":"初任給 は 少し安くても、将来性 の ある方 が はりあいが ありますか。","translation":"Even if the starting salary is a little low, is a job with future prospects more worthwhile?","reading":"しょにんきゅうはすこしやすくても、しょおらいせいのあるほうがはりあいがありますか。","words":[{"text":"初任","gloss":"starting salary","reading":"しょにん"},{"text":"給","gloss":"starting salary","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"安く","gloss":"low","reading":"やすく"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"even"},{"text":"将来","gloss":"future prospects","reading":"しょおらい"},{"text":"性","gloss":"future prospects","reading":"せい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"with"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"having"},{"text":"方","gloss":"job","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"はりあい","gloss":"worthwhile"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.q.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"一番","gloss":"number one (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"も、","gloss":"as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Graduation, hardship and study terms · Word list 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Study and its difficulties","paragraphs":["These words cover achievement, sustained effort, hardship and academic fields.","*めでたく* means \"successfully\" or \"happily.\" *がんばる* means \"keep at it.\"","*機械工学* means \"mechanical engineering.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.001","source":"祝辞","translation":"congratulatory address","reading":"しゅくじ","words":[{"text":"祝辞","gloss":"congratulatory address","reading":"しゅくじ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.001.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.002","source":"一夫","translation":"a given name for a male","reading":"かずお","words":[{"text":"一夫","gloss":"a male given name","reading":"かずお"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.002.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.003","source":"めでたく","translation":"successfully; happily","reading":"めでたく","words":[{"text":"めでたく","gloss":"successfully"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.003.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.004","source":"がんばる","translation":"stick out; keep at it","reading":"がんばる","words":[{"text":"がんばる","gloss":"keep at it"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.004.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.005","source":"心がけ","translation":"mental attitude; intension","reading":"こころがけ","words":[{"text":"心がけ","gloss":"mental attitude","reading":"こころがけ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.005.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.006","source":"苦しい","translation":"distressful; agonizing; suffering hardship","reading":"くるしい","words":[{"text":"苦しい","gloss":"suffering hardship","reading":"くるしい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.006.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.007","source":"気楽","translation":"peace of mind; free from care","reading":"きらく","words":[{"text":"気楽","gloss":"free from care","reading":"きらく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.007.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.008","source":"一そう","translation":"all the more","reading":"いっそお","words":[{"text":"一そう","gloss":"all the more","reading":"いっそお"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.008.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.009","source":"せんこう（する）","translation":"special course (to major in)","reading":"せんこう（する）","words":[{"text":"せんこう（する）","gloss":"major in"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.009.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.010","source":"機械工学","translation":"mechanical engineering","reading":"きかいこうがく","words":[{"text":"機械工学","gloss":"mechanical engineering","reading":"きかいこうがく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"祝辞","gloss":"congratulatory address"},{"word":"がんばる","gloss":"stick out; keep at it"},{"word":"せんこう（する）","gloss":"special course (to major in)"},{"word":"機械工学","gloss":"mechanical engineering"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Employment, salaries and advancement · Word list 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Employment and advancement","paragraphs":["These words describe finding work and judging its long-term value.","*しゅう職* means \"employment,\" while *しゅう職口* means \"place of employment\" or \"job opening.\"","*将来性* means \"future prospect.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.011","source":"電気工学","translation":"electrical engineering","reading":"でんきこうがく","words":[{"text":"電気工学","gloss":"electrical engineering","reading":"でんきこうがく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.011.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.012","source":"しゅう職","translation":"employment","reading":"しゅうしょく","words":[{"text":"しゅう職","gloss":"employment","reading":"しゅうしょく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.012.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.013","source":"ひっぱりだこ","translation":"thing or person much sought after","reading":"ひっぱりだこ","words":[{"text":"ひっぱりだこ","gloss":"much sought after"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.013.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.014","source":"しゅう職口","translation":"place of employment; job opening","reading":"しゅうしょくぐち","words":[{"text":"しゅう職口","gloss":"job opening","reading":"しゅうしょくぐち"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.014.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.015","source":"将来性","translation":"future prospect","reading":"しょおらいせい","words":[{"text":"将来性","gloss":"future prospects","reading":"しょおらいせい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.015.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.016","source":"将来","translation":"future; in the future","reading":"しょおらい","words":[{"text":"将来","gloss":"future","reading":"しょおらい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.016.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.017","source":"しょう進（する）","translation":"advancement (advance v.i.)","reading":"しょうしん（する）","words":[{"text":"しょう進（する）","gloss":"advancement","reading":"しょうしん（する）"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.017.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.018","source":"ひらける","translation":"be opened; open (v.i.)","reading":"ひらける","words":[{"text":"ひらける","gloss":"open up"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.018.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.019","source":"ほう給","translation":"salary","reading":"ほうきゅう","words":[{"text":"ほう給","gloss":"salary","reading":"ほうきゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.019.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.020","source":"はりあいがあります","translation":"is well worth the trouble; is promising; is worth doing","reading":"はりあいがあります","words":[{"text":"はりあいがあります","gloss":"is worth doing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"電気工学","gloss":"electrical engineering"},{"word":"しゅう職","gloss":"employment"},{"word":"ひっぱりだこ","gloss":"thing or person much sought after"},{"word":"しゅう職口","gloss":"place of employment; job opening"},{"word":"将来性","gloss":"future prospect"},{"word":"しょう進（する）","gloss":"advancement (advance v.i.)"},{"word":"ひらける","gloss":"be opened; open (v.i.)"},{"word":"ほう給","gloss":"salary"},{"word":"はりあいがあります","gloss":"is well worth the trouble; is promising; is worth doing"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Gratitude, burdens and good wishes · Word list 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Relief and a modest gift","paragraphs":["These words cover family relief, courteous thanks and modest language for a present.","*重荷がおりる* means \"be relieved of a heavy burden.\" *御ていねいに ありがとう御ざいます* means \"thank you for being so courteous.\"","*ほんのお印までに* presents something as a small token of good wishes."]}],"lines":[{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.021","source":"はりあい","translation":"challenge; rivalry; excitement","reading":"はりあい","words":[{"text":"はりあい","gloss":"challenge"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.021.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.022","source":"父母","translation":"father and mother","reading":"ふぼ","words":[{"text":"父母","gloss":"parents","reading":"ふぼ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.022.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.023","source":"重荷","translation":"heavy burden; burden","reading":"おもに","words":[{"text":"重荷","gloss":"heavy burden","reading":"おもに"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.023.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.024","source":"重荷がおりる","translation":"be relieved of a heavy burden","reading":"おもにがおりる","words":[{"text":"重荷がおりる","gloss":"be relieved","reading":"おもにがおりる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.024.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.025","source":"御ていねいに ありがとう御ざいます","translation":"thank you for being so courteous","reading":"ごていねいにありがとうございます","words":[{"text":"御ていねいにありがとう御ざいます","gloss":"thank you for courtesy","reading":"ごていねいにありがとうございます"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.025.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.026","source":"そまつな","translation":"humble, coarse, crude (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"そまつな","words":[{"text":"そまつな","gloss":"humble"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.026.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.027","source":"まじめに","translation":"faithfully; honestly","reading":"まじめに","words":[{"text":"まじめに","gloss":"faithfully"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.027.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.028","source":"ほんのお印までに","translation":"as a small token of my best wishes","reading":"ほんのおしるしまでに","words":[{"text":"ほんのお印までに","gloss":"as a small token","reading":"ほんのおしるしまでに"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.028.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.029","source":"ほんの お印しまでに","translation":"as a small token of my best wishes","reading":"ほんのおしるしまでに","words":[{"text":"ほんのお印しまでに","gloss":"as a small token","reading":"ほんのおしるしまでに"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.029.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L115.w.030","source":"こうして","translation":"in this manner","reading":"こうして","words":[{"text":"こうして","gloss":"in this manner"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L115.w.030.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":3,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\n1 Topic title;\n\na Make a congratulatory address for:\n\na(1) Your best friend getting married.\n\na(2) Your friend’s birthday.\n\na(3) The birth of your friend’s baby.\n\nb Assuming that your friend has just graduated from college:\n\nb(1) Inquire about his college major.\n\nb(2) Inquire about his employment prospects.\n\nb(3) Inquire about the future prospect for his job, etc."},{"section":4,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.\n\n2 Study the Grammar Perception Drill,\n\n3 Study the Pattern Practice.\n\n4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.\n\n5 Read the Explanatory Notes.\n\n6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"重荷がおりる","gloss":"be relieved of a heavy burden"},{"word":"御ていねいにありがとう御ざいます","gloss":"thank you for being so courteous"},{"word":"そまつな","gloss":"humble, coarse, crude (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"まじめに","gloss":"faithfully; honestly"},{"word":"ほんのお印までに","gloss":"as a small token of my best wishes"},{"word":"ほんのお印しまでに","gloss":"as a small token of my best wishes"},{"word":"こうして","gloss":"in this manner"}],"paradigms":[]}]}