{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L121","title":"Lesson 121","stage":"Reading Japan","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 121: japan's islands and climate · narration 1 of 3, japan's size, hot springs, islands, mountains, geography and climate words · word list 1 of 3, volcanoes and topographic maps · word list 2 of 3, slopes and hydroelectric power · word list 3 of 3.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/119","lines":71},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/118","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/120","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Japan's islands and climate · Narration 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"An island chain shaped like a bow","paragraphs":["*北から 南に 二千六百 キロメートルの 弓形を なして 長く* means \"It stretches a long way from north to south in a bow shape 2,600 kilometers long.\"","Japan is an island country near Asia. Four large islands and more than three thousand small islands form its archipelago."]},{"title":"Climate from north to south","paragraphs":["*北の 方は 割合に 寒く、南の 方は 割合に 暖い* means \"the north is relatively cold and the south is relatively warm.\"","*温帯に 位置しているので、四季の* begins the reason: Japan lies in the temperate zone, so its four seasonal changes are distinct."]},{"title":"Kanji: / 余","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: / 帯","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: / 位","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: / 季","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 置","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: / 想","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: / 像","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L121.rd.001","source":"日本は 太平洋の 西、アジア大陸の 近くに ある","translation":"Japan lies west of the Pacific Ocean, near the continent of Asia.","reading":"にほんはたいへいようのにし、アジアたいりくのちかくにある","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"太平","gloss":"Pacific Ocean","reading":"たいへい"},{"text":"洋","gloss":"Pacific Ocean","reading":"よう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"西、","gloss":"west","reading":"にし"},{"text":"アジア","gloss":"Asia"},{"text":"大陸","gloss":"continent","reading":"たいりく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"近く","gloss":"near","reading":"ちかく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"lies"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L121.rd.002","source":"島国で、北海道、本州、四国、九州の 四つの 大きな","translation":"It is an island country, with the four large islands of Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu","reading":"しまぐにで、ほっかいどう、ほんしゅう、しこく、きゅうしゅうのよっつのおおきな","words":[{"text":"島国","gloss":"island country","reading":"しまぐに"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is"},{"text":"北海道、","gloss":"Hokkaido","reading":"ほっかいどう"},{"text":"本州、","gloss":"Honshu","reading":"ほんしゅう"},{"text":"四国、","gloss":"Shikoku","reading":"しこく"},{"text":"九州","gloss":"Kyushu","reading":"きゅうしゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four","reading":"よっ"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"four"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L121.rd.003","source":"島と 三千余の 小さな 島からなっている 列島である。","translation":"and an archipelago composed of more than three thousand small islands.","reading":"しまとさんぜんよのちいさなしまからなっているれっとおである。","words":[{"text":"島","gloss":"islands","reading":"しま"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"三千","gloss":"three thousand","reading":"さんぜん"},{"text":"余","gloss":"over","reading":"よ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"小さな","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさな"},{"text":"島","gloss":"islands","reading":"しま"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"is composed"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is composed"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is composed"},{"text":"列島","gloss":"archipelago","reading":"れっとお"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L121.rd.004","source":"北から 南に 二千六百 キロメートルの 弓形を なして 長く","translation":"It stretches a long way from north to south in an arc 2,600 kilometers long,","reading":"きたからみなみににせんろっぴゃくキロメートルのきゅうけいをなしてながく","words":[{"text":"北","gloss":"north","reading":"きた"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"南","gloss":"south","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"二千","gloss":"two thousand","reading":"にせん"},{"text":"六百","gloss":"six hundred","reading":"ろっぴゃく"},{"text":"キロメートル","gloss":"kilometers"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"弓形","gloss":"arc","reading":"きゅうけい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"なし","gloss":"forms"},{"text":"て","gloss":"forms"},{"text":"長く","gloss":"a long way","reading":"ながく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L121.rd.005","source":"のびているので、北の 方は 割合に 寒く、南の 方は 割合に 暖い。","translation":"so the north is relatively cold and the south is relatively warm.","reading":"のびているので、きたのほうはわりあいにさむく、みなみのほうはわりあいにあたたかい。","words":[{"text":"のび","gloss":"stretches"},{"text":"て","gloss":"stretches"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"stretches"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"北","gloss":"north","reading":"きた"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"part","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"割合","gloss":"relatively","reading":"わりあい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"relatively"},{"text":"寒く、","gloss":"cold","reading":"さむく"},{"text":"南","gloss":"south","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"part","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"割合","gloss":"relatively","reading":"わりあい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"relatively"},{"text":"暖い。","gloss":"warm","reading":"あたたかい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L121.rd.006","source":"しかし、温帯に 位置しているので、四季の","translation":"However, because it is located in the temperate zone, the changes of the four seasons","reading":"しかし、おんたいにいちしているので、しきの","words":[{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"温帯","gloss":"temperate zone","reading":"おんたい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"位置","gloss":"location","reading":"いち"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is located"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is located"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"四季","gloss":"four seasons","reading":"しき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.rd.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"General Sketch; The archipelago of Japan stretches in an arc approximately 1,500 miles and lies between north latitude 45 degrees, 31 minutes and 29 degrees, 8 minutes and has a width of 170 miles at its widest point."},{"section":2,"text":"2 Climate; The climate is generally mild and the four seasons are clearly distinctive. Summer, which is warm and humid, sets in after a rainy season that usually lasts for about 4 weeks from around the middle of June. Except in northern Japan, the winter is usually mild with many sunny days. The spring and autumn are the glory of the year with balmy days and bright sunshine. The spring brings the cherry blossom in all its delicate fragrance, while in the autumn months the whole countryside is dressed in russet hues of incredible richness and variety."},{"section":3,"text":"3 Mountains; The mountains account for about 85 per cent of Japan’s total land area. A total of 250 of these mountains are more than 2,000 meters high, and the highest is Mt. Fuji whose perfect cone soars to a majestic height of 3,773 meters (12,375 feet). Mt. Fuji is a dormant volcano (its last eruption was in 1707). There are 58 active volcanoes, which provide the country with countless number of hot spring resorts, enjoyed by millions of Japanese for recreational purposes."},{"section":4,"text":"4 Rivers; The mountain chains which extend throughout the length of the four main islands form a divide with rivers, mostly short and rapid, flowing down both sides. Japanese rivers, being narrow, shallow, and rapid, are of little use as means of transportation. On the other hand, these rivers serve a most useful purpose as reservoirs for holding water to irrigate the rice fields. Hydraulic power, obtainable from these rapid streams, is also utilized to generate electricity."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"西、","gloss":"west"},{"word":"アジア","gloss":"Asia"},{"word":"大陸","gloss":"continent"},{"word":"近く","gloss":"vicinity"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"島国","gloss":"island country"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"大きな","gloss":"big, large (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"三千","gloss":"3,000"},{"word":"小さな","gloss":"small (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"列島","gloss":"an archipelago"},{"word":"北","gloss":"north"},{"word":"南","gloss":"south"},{"word":"二千","gloss":"2,000"},{"word":"六百","gloss":"600"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"なし","gloss":"pear"},{"word":"しかし、","gloss":"however, but"},{"word":"温帯","gloss":"temperate zone"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"四季","gloss":"four seasons"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Japan's size, mountains and volcanoes · Narration 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Mountains across the country","paragraphs":["*日本の国土のおよそ四分の三は 山地が 占めている* means \"mountains occupy about three-fourths of Japan's land area.\"","*又 多くの 火山脈が 走っており* means \"Many volcanic ranges also run through the country.\"","The ranges include Mount Fuji and many volcanoes. Quite a few of the volcanoes constantly emit smoke."]},{"title":"Kanji: 積","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 富","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L121.rd.007","source":"うつり変りが はっきりしていて、日本人の 生活に 刺激を 与えている。","translation":"are distinct and provide stimulation to the lives of the Japanese people.","reading":"うつりかわりがはっきりしていて、にほんじんのせいかつにしげきをあたえている。","words":[{"text":"うつり","gloss":"changes"},{"text":"変り","gloss":"changes","reading":"かわり"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"はっきり","gloss":"distinct"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are distinct"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are distinct"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"are distinct"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese people"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese people"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生活","gloss":"lives","reading":"せいかつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"刺激","gloss":"stimulation","reading":"しげき"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"与え","gloss":"provide","reading":"あたえ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"provide"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"provide"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L121.rd.008","source":"日本国土の 面積は、約 三十七万平方キロ、","translation":"Japan's land area is about 370,000 square kilometers","reading":"にほんこくどのめんせきは、やくさんじゅうしちまんへいほうキロ、","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"国土","gloss":"land area","reading":"こくど"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"面積","gloss":"area","reading":"めんせき"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"約","gloss":"about"},{"text":"三十","gloss":"thirty"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"text":"万","gloss":"ten thousand"},{"text":"平方","gloss":"square"},{"text":"キロ、","gloss":"kilometers"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L121.rd.009","source":"（十四万二千七百平方マイル）で、米国の カリフォルニア州の 十五万八千七百平方マイル、モンタナ州の 十四万七千百平方マイルと 比べて見ると、およそ その大きさが 想像出来ると思う。","translation":"(142,700 square miles), and I think its approximate size can be imagined by comparing it with California in the United States, which is 158,700 square miles, and Montana, which is 147,100 square miles.","reading":"（じゅうよんまんにせんななひゃくへいほうマイル）で、べいこくのカリフォルニアしゅうのじゅうごまんはっせんななひゃくへいほうマイル、モンタナしゅうのじゅうよんまんななせんひゃくへいほうマイルとくらべてみると、およそそのおおきさがそうぞうできるとおもう。","words":[{"text":"（十","gloss":"ten","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four","reading":"よん"},{"text":"万","gloss":"ten thousand","reading":"まん"},{"text":"二千","gloss":"two thousand","reading":"にせん"},{"text":"七百","gloss":"seven hundred","reading":"ななひゃく"},{"text":"平方","gloss":"square","reading":"へいほう"},{"text":"マイル）","gloss":"miles"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"カリフォルニア","gloss":"California"},{"text":"州","gloss":"California","reading":"しゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"十","gloss":"ten","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"五","gloss":"five","reading":"ご"},{"text":"万","gloss":"ten thousand","reading":"まん"},{"text":"八千","gloss":"eight thousand","reading":"はっせん"},{"text":"七百","gloss":"seven hundred","reading":"ななひゃく"},{"text":"平方","gloss":"square","reading":"へいほう"},{"text":"マイル、","gloss":"miles"},{"text":"モンタナ","gloss":"Montana"},{"text":"州","gloss":"Montana","reading":"しゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"十","gloss":"ten","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four","reading":"よん"},{"text":"万","gloss":"ten thousand","reading":"まん"},{"text":"七千","gloss":"seven thousand","reading":"ななせん"},{"text":"百","gloss":"hundred","reading":"ひゃく"},{"text":"平方","gloss":"square","reading":"へいほう"},{"text":"マイル","gloss":"miles"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"比べ","gloss":"compare","reading":"くらべ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"compare"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"compare","reading":"みる"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"およそ","gloss":"approximately"},{"text":"その","gloss":"its"},{"text":"大き","gloss":"size","reading":"おおき"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"size"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"想像","gloss":"imagined","reading":"そうぞう"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"can be","reading":"できる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思う。","gloss":"I think","reading":"おもう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L121.rd.010","source":"日本の 地勢図を見れば すぐ気がつく事だが、日本の国土のおよそ四分の三は 山地が 占めている。","translation":"As one notices immediately upon looking at a topographical map of Japan, mountains occupy about three-fourths of Japan's land area.","reading":"にほんのちせいずをみればすぐきがつくことだが、にほんのこくどのおよそよんぶんのさんはさんちがしめている。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"地勢","gloss":"topographical map","reading":"ちせい"},{"text":"図","gloss":"topographical map","reading":"ず"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見れ","gloss":"look","reading":"みれ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"when"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"気","gloss":"notice","reading":"き"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"つく","gloss":"notice"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"国土","gloss":"land area","reading":"こくど"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"およそ","gloss":"approximately"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four","reading":"よん"},{"text":"分","gloss":"parts","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"山地","gloss":"mountain areas","reading":"さんち"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"占め","gloss":"occupy","reading":"しめ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"occupy"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"occupy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L121.rd.011","source":"又 多くの 火山脈が 走っており、これらの 火山脈には 富士山を 始め、","translation":"Many volcanic ranges also run through the country, and in these ranges, beginning with Mount Fuji,","reading":"またおおくのかざんみゃくがはしっており、これらのかざんみゃくにはふじさんをはじめ、","words":[{"text":"又","gloss":"also","reading":"また"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"火","gloss":"volcanic ranges"},{"text":"山脈","gloss":"volcanic ranges"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"走っ","gloss":"run","reading":"はしっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"run"},{"text":"おり、","gloss":"run"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"these"},{"text":"ら","gloss":"these"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"火","gloss":"volcanic ranges"},{"text":"山脈","gloss":"volcanic ranges"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"富士","gloss":"Mount Fuji","reading":"ふじ"},{"text":"山","gloss":"Mount Fuji","reading":"さん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"始め、","gloss":"beginning with","reading":"はじめ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L121.rd.012","source":"火山が 多く、絶えず 煙を ふいて いるのも 少くない。","translation":"there are many volcanoes, and quite a few of them constantly emit smoke.","reading":"かざんがおおく、たえずけむりをふいているのもすくなくない。","words":[{"text":"火山","gloss":"volcanoes","reading":"かざん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多く、","gloss":"many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"絶え","gloss":"constantly","reading":"たえ"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"constantly"},{"text":"煙","gloss":"smoke","reading":"けむり"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ふい","gloss":"emit"},{"text":"て","gloss":"emit"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"emit"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"少く","gloss":"quite a few","reading":"すくなく"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"quite a few"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.rd.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"はっきり","gloss":"clearly"},{"word":"い","gloss":"stomach"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"刺激","gloss":"stimulation; incentive; stimulus"},{"word":"いる。","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"国土","gloss":"country; territory; domain"},{"word":"は、","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"三十","gloss":"30"},{"word":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"word":"キロ、","gloss":"kilometer"},{"word":"（十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"七百","gloss":"700"},{"word":"マイル）","gloss":"mile"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"八千","gloss":"8,000"},{"word":"七千","gloss":"7,000"},{"word":"百","gloss":"100"},{"word":"およそ","gloss":"roughly; approximately"},{"word":"出来る","gloss":"to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)"},{"word":"思う。","gloss":"to think"},{"word":"すぐ","gloss":"right away, immediately"},{"word":"つく","gloss":"to arrive, to reach (v.i.)"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"分","gloss":"minute"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"山地","gloss":"mountain area"},{"word":"多く","gloss":"many of them"},{"word":"山","gloss":"mountain"},{"word":"火山","gloss":"volcano"},{"word":"も","gloss":"as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Hot springs, rivers and power · Narration 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Volcanoes and hot springs","paragraphs":["*日本には 全国に火山が 百九十二もあり* means \"There are as many as 192 volcanoes throughout Japan.\" Fifty-eight are considered active.","*所々に 温泉が わき出ている* means \"hot springs well up here and there.\" These places suit recreation and sightseeing."]},{"title":"Swift rivers and electric power","paragraphs":["*日本の川は 傾斜の 急な山の多い関係で、流れが速く、あまり交通の助けにはならない* means \"Because Japan has many steeply sloping mountains, its rivers flow swiftly and are not much help for transportation.\"","*しかし、発電にはよく利用され* means \"However, they are widely used to generate electricity.\" This helps make Japan a world leader in hydroelectric power."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L121.rd.013","source":"日本には 全国に火山が 百九十二もあり、その中で 五十八は 活火山とされて","translation":"There are as many as 192 volcanoes throughout Japan, and of these, fifty-eight are considered active","reading":"にほんにはぜんこくにかざんがひゃくきゅうじゅうにもあり、そのなかでごじゅうはちはかつかざんとされて","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"全国","gloss":"nationwide","reading":"ぜんこく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"throughout"},{"text":"火山","gloss":"volcanoes","reading":"かざん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"百","gloss":"hundred","reading":"ひゃく"},{"text":"九十","gloss":"ninety","reading":"きゅうじゅう"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"も","gloss":"as many as"},{"text":"あり、","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"その","gloss":"those"},{"text":"中","gloss":"among","reading":"なか"},{"text":"で","gloss":"among"},{"text":"五十","gloss":"fifty","reading":"ごじゅう"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eight","reading":"はち"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"活","gloss":"active volcanoes","reading":"かつ"},{"text":"火山","gloss":"active volcanoes","reading":"かざん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"are considered"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"are considered"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are considered"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.rd.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L121.rd.014","source":"いる。","translation":"volcanoes.","reading":"いる。","words":[{"text":"いる。","gloss":"are considered"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.rd.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L121.rd.015","source":"したがって、一般に 景色が よく、所々に 温泉が わき出ているので、","translation":"Consequently, the scenery is generally beautiful, and hot springs well up here and there,","reading":"したがって、いっぱんにけしきがよく、ところどころにおんせんがわきでているので、","words":[{"text":"したがっ","gloss":"consequently"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"consequently"},{"text":"一般","gloss":"generally","reading":"いっぱん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"generally"},{"text":"景色","gloss":"scenery","reading":"けしき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく、","gloss":"beautiful"},{"text":"所々","gloss":"here and there","reading":"ところどころ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"温泉","gloss":"hot springs","reading":"おんせん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"わき出","gloss":"well up"},{"text":"て","gloss":"well up"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"well up"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.rd.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L121.rd.016","source":"保養、遊覧に 適する所に 富んでいる。","translation":"so the country is rich in places suitable for recreation and sightseeing.","reading":"ほよお、ゆうらんにてきするところにとんでいる。","words":[{"text":"保養、","gloss":"recreation","reading":"ほよお"},{"text":"遊覧","gloss":"sightseeing","reading":"ゆうらん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"適する","gloss":"suitable","reading":"てきする"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"富ん","gloss":"is rich","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is rich"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"is rich"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.rd.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L121.rd.017","source":"日本の川は 傾斜の 急な山の多い関係で、流れが速く、あまり交通の助けにはならない。","translation":"Because Japan has many steeply sloping mountains, its rivers flow swiftly and are not much help for transportation.","reading":"にほんのかわはけいしゃのきゅうなやまのおおいかんけいで、ながれがはやく、あまりこおつうのたすけにはならない。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"川","gloss":"rivers","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"傾斜","gloss":"slopes","reading":"けいしゃ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"急","gloss":"steep","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"な","gloss":"steep"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountains","reading":"やま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"関係","gloss":"reason","reading":"かんけい"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"流れ","gloss":"flow","reading":"ながれ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"速く、","gloss":"swiftly","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"much"},{"text":"交通","gloss":"transportation","reading":"こおつう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"助け","gloss":"help","reading":"たすけ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"are not useful"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"are not useful"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.rd.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L121.rd.018","source":"しかし、発電にはよく利用され、日本が世界的な水力発電国になっているおもな理由の一つである。","translation":"However, they are widely used to generate electricity, and this is one of the main reasons Japan is a world leader in hydroelectric power.","reading":"しかし、はつでんにはよくりようされ、にほんがせかいてきなすいりょくはつでんこくになっているおもなりゆうのひとつである。","words":[{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"発電","gloss":"power generation","reading":"はつでん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"widely"},{"text":"利用","gloss":"are used","reading":"りよう"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"are used"},{"text":"れ、","gloss":"are used"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"世界","gloss":"worldwide","reading":"せかい"},{"text":"的","gloss":"worldwide","reading":"てき"},{"text":"な","gloss":"worldwide"},{"text":"水力","gloss":"hydroelectric power nation"},{"text":"発電","gloss":"hydroelectric power nation"},{"text":"国","gloss":"hydroelectric power nation"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"has become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"has become"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"has become"},{"text":"おもな","gloss":"main"},{"text":"理由","gloss":"reasons","reading":"りゆう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.rd.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"全国","gloss":"entire country"},{"word":"九十","gloss":"90"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"五十","gloss":"50"},{"word":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"word":"よく、","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"保養、","gloss":"health seeking; re-laxation; recuperation"},{"word":"遊覧","gloss":"excursion; sightseeing"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"},{"word":"川","gloss":"river"},{"word":"傾斜","gloss":"inclination; slope"},{"word":"急","gloss":"steep; sudden"},{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"関係","gloss":"relationship"},{"word":"流れ","gloss":"current; flow"},{"word":"交通","gloss":"traffic, transportation"},{"word":"助け","gloss":"help; aid"},{"word":"なら","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"発電","gloss":"generation of electric power"},{"word":"国","gloss":"country, nation"},{"word":"理由","gloss":"reason"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"ある。","gloss":"certain, some"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Islands, climate and area questions · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Japan's shape and climate","paragraphs":["The questions ask about Japan's location, islands, bow shape, climate, area, and mountainous terrain.","*北から 南に どんな形をして のびていますか* means \"In what shape does it stretch from north to south?\" An answer gives the bow shape described in the passage.","Other answers give a place, a cause, a measurement, or a comparison from the passage."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L121.q.001","source":"日本地理―総説（一）","translation":"The Geography of Japan—General Overview (I)","reading":"にほんちり―そおせつ（いち）","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan"},{"text":"地理―","gloss":"geography"},{"text":"総説","gloss":"general overview"},{"text":"（一）","gloss":"one"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.q.001.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L121.q.002","source":"日本語で 次の 質問に 答えてください。","translation":"Please answer the following questions in Japanese.","reading":"にほんごでつぎのしつもんにこたえてください。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"次","gloss":"following","reading":"つぎ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"質問","gloss":"questions","reading":"しつもん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"答え","gloss":"answer","reading":"こたえ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"answer"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.q.002.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L121.q.003","source":"日本は どこに あって、どんな国ですか。","translation":"Where is Japan located, and what kind of country is it?","reading":"にほんはどこにあって、どんなくにですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"is located"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"is located"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"国","gloss":"country","reading":"くに"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.q.003.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L121.q.004","source":"日本は 何からなっている 列島ですか。","translation":"What is the Japanese archipelago composed of?","reading":"にほんはなにからなっているれっとおですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"is composed"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is composed"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is composed"},{"text":"列島","gloss":"archipelago","reading":"れっとお"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.q.004.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L121.q.005","source":"北から 南に どんな形をして のびていますか。","translation":"In what shape does it stretch from north to south?","reading":"きたからみなみにどんなかたちをしてのびていますか。","words":[{"text":"北","gloss":"north","reading":"きた"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"南","gloss":"south","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"形","gloss":"shape","reading":"かたち"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"forms"},{"text":"のび","gloss":"stretches"},{"text":"て","gloss":"stretches"},{"text":"い","gloss":"stretches"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.q.005.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L121.q.006","source":"なぜ 北の 方は 割合に 寒く、南の 方は 割合に 暖いのですか。","translation":"Why is the north relatively cold and the south relatively warm?","reading":"なぜきたのほうはわりあいにさむく、みなみのほうはわりあいにあたたかいのですか。","words":[{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"北","gloss":"north","reading":"きた"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"part","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"割合","gloss":"relatively","reading":"わりあい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"relatively"},{"text":"寒く、","gloss":"cold","reading":"さむく"},{"text":"南","gloss":"south","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"part","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"割合","gloss":"relatively","reading":"わりあい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"relatively"},{"text":"暖い","gloss":"warm","reading":"あたたかい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.q.006.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L121.q.007","source":"日本は なぜ 四季の うつり変りが はっきりしていますか。","translation":"Why are the changes of the four seasons distinct in Japan?","reading":"にほんはなぜしきのうつりかわりがはっきりしていますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"四季","gloss":"four seasons","reading":"しき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"うつり","gloss":"changes"},{"text":"変り","gloss":"changes","reading":"かわり"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"はっきり","gloss":"distinct"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are distinct"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are distinct"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.q.007.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L121.q.008","source":"日本国土の 面積は 約 何平方キロですか。それは 何平方マイルですか。","translation":"About how many square kilometers is Japan's land area? How many square miles is that?","reading":"にほんこくどのめんせきはやくなんへいほうキロですか。それはなんへいほうマイルですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"国土","gloss":"land area","reading":"こくど"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"面積","gloss":"area","reading":"めんせき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"約","gloss":"about","reading":"やく"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"平方","gloss":"square","reading":"へいほう"},{"text":"キロ","gloss":"kilometers"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"平方","gloss":"square","reading":"へいほう"},{"text":"マイル","gloss":"miles"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.q.008.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L121.q.009","source":"米国の カリフォルニア州や モンタナ州と 比べて見ると、どうですか。","translation":"How does it compare with California and Montana in the United States?","reading":"べいこくのカリフォルニアしゅうやモンタナしゅうとくらべてみると、どうですか。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"カリフォルニア","gloss":"California"},{"text":"州","gloss":"California","reading":"しゅう"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"モンタナ","gloss":"Montana"},{"text":"州","gloss":"Montana","reading":"しゅう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"比べ","gloss":"compare","reading":"くらべ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"compare"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"compare","reading":"みる"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.q.009.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L121.q.010","source":"日本の 地勢図を 見て すぐ気がつく事は 何ですか。","translation":"What do you notice immediately when you look at a topographical map of Japan?","reading":"にほんのちせいずをみてすぐきがつくことはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"地勢","gloss":"topographical map","reading":"ちせい"},{"text":"図","gloss":"topographical map","reading":"ず"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"look","reading":"み"},{"text":"て","gloss":"look"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"気","gloss":"notice","reading":"き"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"つく","gloss":"notice"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.q.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"地理―","gloss":"geography"},{"word":"総説","gloss":"general remarks; introduction"},{"word":"（一）","gloss":"one"},{"word":"ください。","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"なぜ","gloss":"why?"},{"word":"キロ","gloss":"kilometer"},{"word":"マイル","gloss":"mile"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Mountains, volcanoes and rivers questions · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Causes and uses in the landscape","paragraphs":["The questions ask for facts and causes concerning mountains, volcanoes, hot springs, and swift rivers.","*日本の川は 何によく 利用されますか* means \"What are Japan's rivers widely used for?\" The answer gives their use in generating electricity.","The remaining answers state counts, causes, or yes-or-no facts from the passage."]}],"lines":[{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L121.q.011","source":"山地は 日本国土の 何パーセントぐらいを 占めていますか。","translation":"About what percentage of Japan's land area is occupied by mountains?","reading":"さんちはにほんこくどのなんパーセントぐらいをしめていますか。","words":[{"text":"山地","gloss":"mountain areas","reading":"さんち"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"国土","gloss":"land area","reading":"こくど"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"パーセント","gloss":"percent"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"占め","gloss":"occupy","reading":"しめ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"occupy"},{"text":"い","gloss":"occupy"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.q.011.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L121.q.012","source":"日本には 多くの 火山脈が 走っていますか。","translation":"Do many volcanic ranges run through Japan?","reading":"にほんにはおおくのかざんみゃくがはしっていますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"火","gloss":"volcanic ranges"},{"text":"山脈","gloss":"volcanic ranges"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"走っ","gloss":"run","reading":"はしっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"run"},{"text":"い","gloss":"run"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.q.012.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L121.q.013","source":"火山には 絶えず 煙を ふいているのが 多いですか。","translation":"Are there many volcanoes that constantly emit smoke?","reading":"かざんにはたえずけむりをふいているのがおおいですか。","words":[{"text":"火山","gloss":"volcanoes","reading":"かざん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"絶え","gloss":"constantly","reading":"たえ"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"constantly"},{"text":"煙","gloss":"smoke","reading":"けむり"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ふい","gloss":"emit"},{"text":"て","gloss":"emit"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"emit"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.q.013.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L121.q.014","source":"日本には 全国に 火山が いくつぐらい ありますか。","translation":"About how many volcanoes are there throughout Japan?","reading":"にほんにはぜんこくにかざんがいくつぐらいありますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"全国","gloss":"nationwide","reading":"ぜんこく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"throughout"},{"text":"火山","gloss":"volcanoes","reading":"かざん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いく","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.q.014.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L121.q.015","source":"活火山が いくつぐらい ありますか。","translation":"About how many active volcanoes are there?","reading":"かつかざんがいくつぐらいありますか。","words":[{"text":"活","gloss":"active volcanoes","reading":"かつ"},{"text":"火山","gloss":"active volcanoes","reading":"かざん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いく","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.q.015.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L121.q.016","source":"日本は なぜ 保養、遊覧に 適する所に 富んでいますか。","translation":"Why is Japan rich in places suitable for recreation and sightseeing?","reading":"にほんはなぜほよお、ゆうらんにてきするところにとんでいますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"保養、","gloss":"recreation","reading":"ほよお"},{"text":"遊覧","gloss":"sightseeing","reading":"ゆうらん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"適する","gloss":"suitable","reading":"てきする"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"富ん","gloss":"is rich","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is rich"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is rich"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.q.016.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L121.q.017","source":"日本の川は なぜ 流れが速いのですか。","translation":"Why do Japan's rivers flow swiftly?","reading":"にほんのかわはなぜながれがはやいのですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"川","gloss":"rivers","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"流れ","gloss":"flow","reading":"ながれ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"速い","gloss":"swift","reading":"はやい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.q.017.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L121.q.018","source":"日本の川は 交通の 助けになりますか。","translation":"Are Japan's rivers useful for transportation?","reading":"にほんのかわはこおつうのたすけになりますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"川","gloss":"rivers","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"交通","gloss":"transportation","reading":"こおつう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"助け","gloss":"help","reading":"たすけ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"are useful"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.q.018.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L121.q.019","source":"日本の川は 何によく 利用されますか。","translation":"What are Japan's rivers widely used for?","reading":"にほんのかわはなにによくりようされますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"川","gloss":"rivers","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"widely"},{"text":"利用","gloss":"are used","reading":"りよう"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"are used"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"are used"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.q.019.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"パーセント","gloss":"percent"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Geography and climate words · Word list 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"The islands and their setting","paragraphs":["These words describe Japan's island composition, position, climate, and land.","*島国* means \"island country,\" while *列島* means \"an archipelago.\" The first names the country, and the second names its island chain.","*温帯* means \"temperate zone.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.001","source":"総説","translation":"general remarks; introduction","reading":"そおせつ","words":[{"text":"総説","gloss":"general overview","reading":"そおせつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.001.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.002","source":"大陸","translation":"continent","reading":"たいりく","words":[{"text":"大陸","gloss":"continent","reading":"たいりく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.002.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.003","source":"島国","translation":"island country","reading":"しまぐに","words":[{"text":"島国","gloss":"island country","reading":"しまぐに"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.003.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.004","source":"--余","translation":"suffix meaning “over","reading":"--よ","words":[{"text":"--余","gloss":"over","reading":"--よ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.004.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.005","source":"--からなっている","translation":"composed of; consist of","reading":"--からなっている","words":[{"text":"--からなっている","gloss":"composed of"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.005.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.006","source":"列島","translation":"an archipelago","reading":"れっとお","words":[{"text":"列島","gloss":"archipelago","reading":"れっとお"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.006.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.007","source":"弓形をなす","translation":"to form an arch; to form a bowshape","reading":"ゆみがたをなす","words":[{"text":"弓形をなす","gloss":"form an arch","reading":"ゆみがたをなす"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.007.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.008","source":"温帯","translation":"temperate zone","reading":"おんたい","words":[{"text":"温帯","gloss":"temperate zone","reading":"おんたい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.008.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.009","source":"位置する","translation":"to situate; locate","reading":"いちする","words":[{"text":"位置する","gloss":"locate","reading":"いちする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.009.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.010","source":"四季","translation":"four seasons","reading":"しき","words":[{"text":"四季","gloss":"four seasons","reading":"しき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.010.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.011","source":"刺激","translation":"stimulation; incentive; stimulus","reading":"しげき","words":[{"text":"刺激","gloss":"stimulus","reading":"しげき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.011.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.012","source":"国土","translation":"country; territory; domain","reading":"こくど","words":[{"text":"国土","gloss":"national territory","reading":"こくど"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"--余","gloss":"suffix meaning “over”"},{"word":"--からなっている","gloss":"composed of; consist of"},{"word":"弓形をなす","gloss":"to form an arch; to form a bowshape"},{"word":"位置する","gloss":"to situate; locate"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Volcanoes and topographic maps · Word list 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Volcanic land","paragraphs":["These words cover topographic maps, volcanic activity, hot springs, and recuperation.","*地勢図* means \"topographic map.\" *火山* means \"volcano,\" while *活火山* distinguishes an \"active volcano.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.013","source":"平方マイル","translation":"square mile","reading":"へいほうマイル","words":[{"text":"平方マイル","gloss":"square mile","reading":"へいほうマイル"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.013.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.014","source":"およそ","translation":"roughly; approximately","reading":"およそ","words":[{"text":"およそ","gloss":"approximately"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.014.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.015","source":"想像する","translation":"to imagine; to pictiure to oneself","reading":"そうぞうする","words":[{"text":"想像する","gloss":"imagine","reading":"そうぞうする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.015.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.016","source":"地勢図","translation":"topographic map","reading":"ちせいず","words":[{"text":"地勢図","gloss":"topographic map","reading":"ちせいず"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.016.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.017","source":"火山脈","translation":"volcanic range","reading":"かざんみゃく","words":[{"text":"火山脈","gloss":"volcanic range","reading":"かざんみゃく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.017.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.018","source":"火山","translation":"volcano","reading":"かざん","words":[{"text":"火山","gloss":"volcano","reading":"かざん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.018.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.019","source":"絶えず","translation":"constantly","reading":"たえず","words":[{"text":"絶えず","gloss":"constantly","reading":"たえず"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.019.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.020","source":"ふく","translation":"emit; spout","reading":"ふく","words":[{"text":"ふく","gloss":"spout"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.020.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.021","source":"活火山","translation":"active volcano","reading":"かつかざん","words":[{"text":"活火山","gloss":"active volcano","reading":"かつかざん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.021.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.022","source":"所々に","translation":"here and there","reading":"ところどころに","words":[{"text":"所々に","gloss":"here and there","reading":"ところどころに"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.022.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.023","source":"わき出る","translation":"gush out; spout","reading":"わきでる","words":[{"text":"わき出る","gloss":"gush out","reading":"わきでる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.023.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.024","source":"保養","translation":"health seeking; re-laxation; recuperation","reading":"ほよお","words":[{"text":"保養","gloss":"recuperation","reading":"ほよお"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"平方マイル","gloss":"square mile"},{"word":"想像する","gloss":"to imagine; to pictiure to oneself"},{"word":"地勢図","gloss":"topographic map"},{"word":"火山脈","gloss":"volcanic range"},{"word":"絶えず","gloss":"constantly"},{"word":"ふく","gloss":"to blow (v.i.)"},{"word":"活火山","gloss":"active volcano"},{"word":"所々に","gloss":"here and there"},{"word":"わき出る","gloss":"gush out; spout"},{"word":"保養","gloss":"health seeking; re-laxation; recuperation"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Slopes and hydroelectric power · Word list 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"From steep slopes to electric power","paragraphs":["These words connect slopes and rivers with transportation and electric power.","*傾斜* means \"slope.\" *発電* means \"generation of electric power,\" while *水力発電* specifies \"hydroelectric generation.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.025","source":"遊覧","translation":"excursion; sightseeing","reading":"ゆうらん","words":[{"text":"遊覧","gloss":"sightseeing","reading":"ゆうらん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.025.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.026","source":"--に富んでいる","translation":"be rich in; abundant in","reading":"--にとんでいる","words":[{"text":"--に富んでいる","gloss":"be rich in","reading":"--にとんでいる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.026.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.027","source":"傾斜","translation":"inclination; slope","reading":"けいしゃ","words":[{"text":"傾斜","gloss":"slope","reading":"けいしゃ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.027.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.028","source":"--の関係で","translation":"due to —","reading":"--のかんけいで","words":[{"text":"--の関係で","gloss":"due to","reading":"--のかんけいで"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.028.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.029","source":"助け","translation":"help; aid","reading":"たすけ","words":[{"text":"助け","gloss":"help","reading":"たすけ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.029.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.030","source":"発電","translation":"generation of electric power","reading":"はつでん","words":[{"text":"発電","gloss":"power generation","reading":"はつでん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.030.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.031","source":"水力発電","translation":"hydroelectric generation","reading":"すいりょくはつでん","words":[{"text":"水力発電","gloss":"hydroelectric generation","reading":"すいりょくはつでん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.031.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.032","source":"地理","translation":"geography","reading":"ちり","words":[{"text":"地理","gloss":"geography","reading":"ちり"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.032.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.033","source":"富む","translation":"be rich in","reading":"とむ","words":[{"text":"富む","gloss":"be rich in","reading":"とむ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.033.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L121.w.034","source":"したがって","translation":"consequently","reading":"したがって","words":[{"text":"したがって","gloss":"consequently"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L121.w.034.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":5,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation and Exercise\n\na. Topics\n\nTalk about the following;\n\n1 Location and composition of Japan.\n\n2 Size of Japan (comparative study between Japan and the U. S.).\n\n3 Volcanic mountains in Japan.\n\n4 Rivers in Japan.\n\nb. Translate the following into Japanese;\n\n1 Japan is rich in places suitable for health-seeking and sightseeing.\n\n2 Due to the abundance of steep mountains, the Japanese rivers flow fast.\n\n3 As the archipelago lies in the temperate zone, Japan’s climate is generally mild.\n\n4 Japan is an archipelago consisting of four large islands."},{"section":6,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Read the Narration and memorize the vocabulary,\n\n2 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given.\n\n3 Learn to read and write new Kanji.\n\n4 Read the Explanatory Notes."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"--に富んでいる","gloss":"be rich in; abundant in"},{"word":"--の関係で","gloss":"due to —"},{"word":"水力発電","gloss":"hydroelectric generation"},{"word":"地理","gloss":"geography"},{"word":"富む","gloss":"be rich in"},{"word":"したがって","gloss":"consequently"}],"paradigms":[]}]}