{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L124","title":"Lesson 124","stage":"Reading Japan","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 124: hokkaido's climate and ainu · narration 1 of 3, fishing, paper, japan's regions and hokkaido winters · questions 1 of 3, snow, coal.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/122","lines":79},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/121","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/123","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Hokkaido's climate and Ainu · Narration 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Long winters in the north","paragraphs":["*北海道は 日本の 一番北に 位置しているので、冬が 長く 十月下旬になると、雪が 降り始める* says Hokkaido lies in Japan's northernmost area, so winter is long. Snow starts falling in late October.","*北海道は 明治になるまでは アイヌ人の 住む土地だった* means \"Until the Meiji era, Hokkaido was land inhabited by the Ainu people.\"","Winters across *Hokkaidoo* are long and cold. Much of the island is forested."]},{"title":"The mainland seen from Hokkaido","paragraphs":["*今では アイヌ集落として 残っている 所は 少なく、あっても 内地人の 生活と ほとんど 変わらない* says few Ainu settlements remain. Even those differ little from life among people from the main islands.","People in *Hokkaidoo* call *HONSHUU*, *SHIKOKU* and *KYUUSHUU* *Naichi*. *Naichi* means \"a homeland, or mainland\"."]},{"title":"Kanji: / 集 to / 群","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L124.rd.001","source":"日本は 次の 八つの 地方に わかれています。","translation":"Japan is divided into the following eight regions.","reading":"にほんはつぎのやっつのちほおにわかれています。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"次","gloss":"following","reading":"つぎ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eight","reading":"やっ"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"eight"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"regions","reading":"ちほお"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"わかれ","gloss":"is divided"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is divided"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is divided"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is divided"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L124.rd.002","source":"まず 北海道地方から 始めて行きましょう。","translation":"Let’s begin with the Hokkaido region.","reading":"まずほっかいどうちほおからはじめていきましょう。","words":[{"text":"まず","gloss":"first"},{"text":"北海道","gloss":"Hokkaido","reading":"ほっかいどう"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"region","reading":"ちほお"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"始め","gloss":"let’s begin","reading":"はじめ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"let’s begin"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"let’s begin","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"let’s begin"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L124.rd.003","source":"北海道地方\n北海道は 日本の 一番北に 位置しているので、冬が 長く 十月下旬になると、雪が 降り始める。","translation":"The Hokkaido Region: Since Hokkaido is located in the northernmost part of Japan, the winter is long, and snow begins to fall in late October.","reading":"ほっかいどうちほお\nほっかいどうはにほんのいちばんきたにいちしているので、ふゆがながくじゅうがつげじゅんになると、ゆきがふりはじめる。","words":[{"text":"北海道","gloss":"Hokkaido"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"region"},{"text":"北海道","gloss":"Hokkaido"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"北","gloss":"north","reading":"きた"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"位置","gloss":"is located","reading":"いち"},{"text":"し","gloss":"is located"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is located"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is located"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"冬","gloss":"winter","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"長く","gloss":"is long"},{"text":"十","gloss":"October"},{"text":"月","gloss":"October"},{"text":"下旬","gloss":"late"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"becomes"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"雪","gloss":"snow","reading":"ゆき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"begins to fall","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"始める。","gloss":"begins to fall","reading":"はじめる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L124.rd.004","source":"そして 四月下旬まで 残雪が ある。","translation":"And snow remains on the ground until late April.","reading":"そしてしがつげじゅんまでざんせつがある。","words":[{"text":"そして","gloss":"and"},{"text":"四","gloss":"April"},{"text":"月","gloss":"April"},{"text":"下旬","gloss":"late"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"残雪","gloss":"lingering snow","reading":"ざんせつ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"remains"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L124.rd.005","source":"これに 対して五月六月になると、急に 温度が 上がり、短い 夏が おとずれる。","translation":"In contrast, when May and June come, the temperature rises suddenly and the short summer arrives.","reading":"これにたいしてごがつろくがつになると、きゅうにおんどがあがり、みじかいなつがおとずれる。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"対し","gloss":"in contrast","reading":"たいし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"in contrast"},{"text":"五","gloss":"May"},{"text":"月","gloss":"May"},{"text":"六","gloss":"June"},{"text":"月","gloss":"June"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"becomes"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"急","gloss":"suddenly","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"suddenly"},{"text":"温度","gloss":"temperature","reading":"おんど"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上がり、","gloss":"rises","reading":"あがり"},{"text":"短い","gloss":"short","reading":"みじかい"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"おとずれる。","gloss":"arrives"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L124.rd.006","source":"北海道は 明治になるまでは アイヌ人の 住む土地だった。","translation":"Until the Meiji era, Hokkaido was land inhabited by the Ainu people.","reading":"ほっかいどうはめいじになるまではアイヌじんのすむとちだった。","words":[{"text":"北海道","gloss":"Hokkaido","reading":"ほっかいどう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"明治","gloss":"Meiji era","reading":"めいじ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"becomes"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"アイヌ","gloss":"Ainu people"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Ainu people","reading":"じん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"住む","gloss":"inhabit","reading":"すむ"},{"text":"土地","gloss":"land","reading":"とち"},{"text":"だっ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L124.rd.007","source":"今では アイヌ集落として 残っている 所は 少なく、あっても 内地人の 生活と ほとんど 変わらない。","translation":"Today, few places remain as Ainu settlements, and even those are hardly different from the way people from the main islands live.","reading":"いまではアイヌしゅうらくとしてのこっているところはすくなく、あってもないちじんのせいかつとほとんどかわらない。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"アイヌ","gloss":"Ainu"},{"text":"集落","gloss":"settlements","reading":"しゅうらく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"linking"},{"text":"残っ","gloss":"remain","reading":"のこっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"remain"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"remain"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少なく、","gloss":"few","reading":"すくなく"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"て","gloss":"linking"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"内地","gloss":"main-island people","reading":"ないち"},{"text":"人","gloss":"main-island people","reading":"じん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生活","gloss":"life","reading":"せいかつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"from"},{"text":"ほとんど","gloss":"hardly"},{"text":"変わら","gloss":"are different","reading":"かわら"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"are different"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.rd.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"1 HOKKAIDOO:\nHokkaidoo is the second largest of Japan’s four major islands, but it has a total population of less than 5 million. A frontier left largely to the primitive Ainu until 1870, it is still sparsely settled with a density of 157.5 persons per square mile in comparison with 637 for the country as a whole. Although some land has been cleared for agriculture, much of the island is heavily forested. Crops include rice as well as barley, wheat, corn, and potatoes. Fir and spruce predominate over deciduous trees, which are of the same species as those found in northern Honshu. Fishing and coal mining are important industries.\nMuch of Hokkaidoo is a remote, majestic country, blanketed with coniferous and deciduous forests. Winters are long and cold. Individual farms tend to be much larger than in other parts of Japan; isolated farmhouses, in the American pattern, are commonplace, though unusual in nearly all other areas. Grazing areas support a thriving dairy industry."},{"section":2,"text":"SAPPORO:\nSapporo is a modern city of 882,000 inhabitants, situated in the middle of Hokkaido and accessible in two hours by airplane from Tokyo. The gentle sloping mountains on the outskirts of the city offer first-class skiing grounds. Sapporo in winter, with its famous \"Snow Festival,\" is no less fascinating than in summer.\nIn the valley 30 kilometers from the central part of the city, there are the Joozankei hot springs, and the route from Joozankei Valley via Nakayama pass to Lake Tooya is regarded as a \"golden course\" for sightseeing in Hokkaidoo."},{"section":3,"text":"HAKODATE:\nHakodate city has a good natural port, which was opened as a trading port in 1859. There are such sight-seeing spots as Mt. Hakodateyama, Yunokawa Hot Springs, Goryookaku Park, which is famous as an old battlefield."},{"section":4,"text":"MURORAN:\nMuroran is an industrial city on the southwestern coast of Hokkaidoo. It is situated at the mouth of Uchiura Bay and favored with a horseshoe-shaped good natural port.\nThe iron and steel, petrol and cement industries are the main industries of Muroran, and the total output ranks highest in Hokkaidoo, together with the total shipment amount at the well-equipped port of Muroran.\nThe Pacific coast side of Muroran forms precipices rising 100 meters above the sea and is rich in scenic spots."},{"section":5,"text":"OTARU:\nThe port of Otaru is a leading trading port in Hokkaidoo, and is rich in sightseeing spots. Asajugawa Hot Springs Resort , which is on the way to Sapporo is famous as a good skiing ground with hot springs."},{"section":6,"text":"AKAN National park:\nEmbracing the Kushiro and Kitami provinces in the eastern part of Hokkaido, the AKAN National park contains grand volcanic contours that deserve world-wide attention. Almost the whole of the park is occupied by composite volcanoes which are accompanied by the two grand Caldera lakes of AKAN and Kutcharo. Among other lakes, there is the awe-inspiring and mysterious-looking Lake Mashuu, whose transparent depth is 41.6 meters, the record depth known in the world."},{"section":7,"text":"7 SHIKOTSU-TOOYA National park:\nSituated in the mid-southern part of Hokkaidoo, this park has various types of volcanoes and caldera lakes in addition to different scenic elements consisting of forests, valleys, and hot springs. Lake Shikotsu and Tooya are two lovely gems of nature. Of the volcanic mountains embracing the lakes, Mt. Yotei is most celebrated for its graceful contour. Also noteworthy are Mt. Tarumae with a lava hill in the central part of the crater and Mt. Showa Shinzan which was suddenly formed in 1944, a rare phenomenon."},{"section":8,"text":"DAISETSUZAN National park:\nThis park, lying in the middle of Hokkaidoo, is the second largest of Japan’s national parks. It occupies the mountainous districts known as the ”roof of Hokkaidoo” which consists of 3 big volcanic groups named Daisetsu, Tokachi, and Shikaribetsu, in addition to part of the Ishikari Range. The park’s popularity owes to the majestic figures of the lofty peaks covered all over with virgin forests of cold region conifers, the grand beauty of the many gorges and ravines and the numerous well-equipped spas including Sounkyoo, Tenninkyoo, Shirogane, etc."},{"section":9,"text":"SHIRETOKO National Park:\nShiretoko National park embraces an area around the Shiretoko Peninsula situated on the northeastern part of Hokkaidoo. This park was created on June 1, 1964. It covers an area of about 160 square miles."},{"section":10,"text":"10 NAICHI:\nThe people of Hokkaidoo call HONSHUU, SHIKOKU, and KYUUSHUU, ”Naichi,” which means ”a homeland,” or ”mainland.”"}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"word":"地方","gloss":"country, region"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"い","gloss":"stomach"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"まず","gloss":"first, first of all"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"一番","gloss":"number one (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"北","gloss":"north"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"冬","gloss":"winter"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"月","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"下旬","gloss":"last 10 days of a month"},{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"雪","gloss":"snow"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"残雪","gloss":"lingering snow"},{"word":"ある。","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"六","gloss":"six"},{"word":"急","gloss":"steep; sudden"},{"word":"温度","gloss":"temperature"},{"word":"夏","gloss":"summer"},{"word":"おとずれる。","gloss":"to visit"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"住む","gloss":"to live, reside"},{"word":"土地","gloss":"land, lot"},{"word":"集落","gloss":"village"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"},{"word":"も","gloss":"as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"内地","gloss":"mainland; homeland\n(See Notes)"},{"word":"ほとんど","gloss":"almost (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Fishing, mining and dairy farming · Narration 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Industry at Muroran","paragraphs":["*北海道の 産業と 言えば 先ず第一に 漁業で、それに 次いで 鉱業、林業、牧畜業などが 盛んである* places fishing first. Mining, forestry, and livestock farming follow.","*Muroran* is an industrial city on the southwestern coast of *Hokkaidoo*. Its natural port lies at the mouth of *Uchiura* Bay.","Iron and steel, petrol, and cement are its main industries. Its total output ranks highest in *Hokkaidoo*."]},{"title":"Trade through Otaru","paragraphs":["*北海道を 囲んでいる 海は 世界四大漁場の 一つになっており、漁獲高は 全国第一位を 占めている* says the surrounding seas form a major fishing ground. Hokkaido's catch ranks first nationwide.","*Otaru* is a leading trading port in *Hokkaidoo*. *Asajugawa* Hot Springs Resort offers skiing and hot springs.","*北海道の 農業は 特色の ある 農業で 酪農が 多く、乳牛の 群がる 牧場に サイロを 持った 農家が 見られるのは いかにも 北海道らしい 風景である* shows dairy cows, pastures, silos, and farms."]}],"lines":[{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L124.rd.008","source":"北海道の 産業と 言えば 先ず第一に 漁業で、それに 次いで 鉱業、林業、牧畜業などが 盛んである。","translation":"When speaking of the industries of Hokkaido, fishing comes first, followed by mining, forestry, livestock farming, and others.","reading":"ほっかいどうのさんぎょおといえばまずだいいちにぎょぎょおで、それについでこおぎょお、りんぎょお、ぼくちくぎょうなどがさかんである。","words":[{"text":"北海道","gloss":"Hokkaido","reading":"ほっかいどう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"産業","gloss":"industries","reading":"さんぎょお"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"speak","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"when"},{"text":"先ず","gloss":"first","reading":"まず"},{"text":"第","gloss":"first","reading":"だい"},{"text":"一","gloss":"first","reading":"いち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"漁業","gloss":"fishing","reading":"ぎょぎょお"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"に","gloss":"after"},{"text":"次い","gloss":"followed by","reading":"つい"},{"text":"で","gloss":"followed by"},{"text":"鉱業、","gloss":"mining"},{"text":"林業、","gloss":"forestry"},{"text":"牧畜","gloss":"livestock farming"},{"text":"業","gloss":"livestock farming"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"盛ん","gloss":"thriving","reading":"さかん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L124.rd.009","source":"北海道を","translation":"Hokkaido","reading":"ほっかいどうを","words":[{"text":"北海道","gloss":"Hokkaido","reading":"ほっかいどう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L124.rd.010","source":"囲んでいる 海は 世界四大漁場の 一つになっており、漁獲高は 全国第一位を 占めている。","translation":"The seas surrounding it form one of the world’s four great fishing grounds, and its fish catch ranks first in the country.","reading":"かこんでいるうみはせかいよんだいぎょじょおのひとつになっており、ぎょかくこうはぜんこくだいいちいをしめている。","words":[{"text":"囲ん","gloss":"surrounding","reading":"かこん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"surrounding"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"surrounding"},{"text":"海","gloss":"seas","reading":"うみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"世界","gloss":"world"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four"},{"text":"大","gloss":"great"},{"text":"漁場","gloss":"fishing grounds"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"form"},{"text":"て","gloss":"form"},{"text":"おり、","gloss":"form"},{"text":"漁獲","gloss":"fish catch","reading":"ぎょかく"},{"text":"高","gloss":"fish catch","reading":"こう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"全国","gloss":"nationwide"},{"text":"第","gloss":"first place"},{"text":"一","gloss":"first place"},{"text":"位","gloss":"first place"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"占め","gloss":"ranks","reading":"しめ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"ranks"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"ranks"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L124.rd.011","source":"主なものは にしん、さけ、ます、たら、いか、かれいなどである。","translation":"The main catches are herring, salmon, trout, cod, squid, flounder, and others.","reading":"おもなものはにしん、さけ、ます、たら、いか、かれいなどである。","words":[{"text":"主な","gloss":"main","reading":"おもな"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"catches"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"にしん、","gloss":"herring"},{"text":"さけ、","gloss":"salmon"},{"text":"ます、","gloss":"trout"},{"text":"たら、","gloss":"cod"},{"text":"いか、","gloss":"squid"},{"text":"かれい","gloss":"flounder"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"で","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L124.rd.012","source":"鉱業では 石炭が 豊富で、その 産出高は 日本 全体の 約 三分の一にも 達し、しかも 品質が よい。","translation":"In mining, coal is abundant; its output amounts to about one-third of Japan’s total, and it is also of good quality.","reading":"こおぎょおではせきたんがほおふで、そのさんしゅつこうはにほんぜんたいのやくさんぶんのいちにもたっし、しかもひんしつがよい。","words":[{"text":"鉱業","gloss":"mining","reading":"こおぎょお"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"石炭","gloss":"coal","reading":"せきたん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"豊富","gloss":"abundant","reading":"ほおふ"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"その","gloss":"its"},{"text":"産出","gloss":"output","reading":"さんしゅつ"},{"text":"高","gloss":"output","reading":"こう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"全体","gloss":"total","reading":"ぜんたい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"約","gloss":"about","reading":"やく"},{"text":"三","gloss":"one-third","reading":"さん"},{"text":"分","gloss":"one-third","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one-third"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one-third","reading":"いち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"達し、","gloss":"amounts","reading":"たっし"},{"text":"しかも","gloss":"moreover"},{"text":"品質","gloss":"quality","reading":"ひんしつ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よい。","gloss":"good"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.rd.012.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L124.rd.013","source":"夕張、空知、美唄などの 炭坑は 有名である。","translation":"The coal mines at Yubari, Sorachi, Bibai, and other places are famous.","reading":"ゆうばり、そらち、びばいなどのたんこおはゆうめいである。","words":[{"text":"夕張、","gloss":"Yubari","reading":"ゆうばり"},{"text":"空知、","gloss":"Sorachi","reading":"そらち"},{"text":"美唄","gloss":"Bibai","reading":"びばい"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"炭坑","gloss":"coal mines","reading":"たんこお"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"で","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.rd.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L124.rd.014","source":"北海道の 農業は 特色の ある 農業で 酪農が 多く、乳牛の 群がる 牧場に サイロを 持った 農家が 見られるのは いかにも 北海道らしい 風景である。","translation":"Agriculture in Hokkaido has distinctive features, with a great deal of dairy farming, and farms with silos amid pastures crowded with dairy cows make a truly Hokkaido-like scene.","reading":"ほっかいどうののおぎょおはとくしょくのあるのおぎょおでらくのうがおおく、にゅうぎゅうのむれがるぼくじょうにサイロをもったのうかがみられるのはいかにもほっかいどうらしいふうけいである。","words":[{"text":"北海道","gloss":"Hokkaido","reading":"ほっかいどう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"農業","gloss":"agriculture","reading":"のおぎょお"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"特色","gloss":"distinctive features","reading":"とくしょく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"has"},{"text":"農業","gloss":"agriculture","reading":"のおぎょお"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"酪農","gloss":"dairy farming","reading":"らくのう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多く、","gloss":"much","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"乳牛","gloss":"dairy cows","reading":"にゅうぎゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"群がる","gloss":"crowd","reading":"むれがる"},{"text":"牧場","gloss":"pastures","reading":"ぼくじょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"サイロ","gloss":"silos"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"have","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"農家","gloss":"farms","reading":"のうか"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"見","gloss":"can be seen","reading":"み"},{"text":"られる","gloss":"can be seen"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いかに","gloss":"truly"},{"text":"も","gloss":"truly"},{"text":"北海道","gloss":"Hokkaido","reading":"ほっかいどう"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"like"},{"text":"風景","gloss":"scene","reading":"ふうけい"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.rd.014.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"産業","gloss":"industry"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"漁業","gloss":"fishing industry"},{"word":"鉱業、","gloss":"mining industry"},{"word":"林業、","gloss":"forestry"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"海","gloss":"sea, ocean"},{"word":"漁場","gloss":"fishing ground"},{"word":"全国","gloss":"entire country"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"},{"word":"にしん、","gloss":"herring"},{"word":"さけ、","gloss":"salmon"},{"word":"ます、","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"たら、","gloss":"cod"},{"word":"いか、","gloss":"squid"},{"word":"かれい","gloss":"sole; flatfish"},{"word":"石炭","gloss":"coal"},{"word":"豊富","gloss":"abundant; rich"},{"word":"全体","gloss":"the whole"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"分","gloss":"minute"},{"word":"しかも","gloss":"furthermore"},{"word":"品質","gloss":"quality"},{"word":"よい。","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"炭坑","gloss":"coal mine"},{"word":"農業","gloss":"agriculture"},{"word":"特色","gloss":"characteristic; feattxre"},{"word":"多く、","gloss":"many of them"},{"word":"乳牛","gloss":"milking cow"},{"word":"群がる","gloss":"flock together;\nswarm"},{"word":"サイロ","gloss":"silo"},{"word":"風景","gloss":"scenery; view"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Paper, cities and national parks · Narration 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Sapporo at the center","paragraphs":["*北海道第一の 都会は 札幌市で、そこには 北海道庁が あり、八十八万二千 の 人口を 有している* identifies Sapporo as Hokkaido's leading city. Its population is 882,000.","*Sapporo* lies in the middle of *Hokkaidoo*, two hours by airplane from *Tokyo*. Nearby mountains offer first-class skiing.","The city is famous for its winter Snow Festival. The *Joozankei* hot springs lie 30 kilometers from the city center."]},{"title":"Mountains and parks","paragraphs":["*北海道には 山や 湖を 中心にして 景色の よい 所が 多く、大雪山、阿寒、支笏洞爺、知床の 四つの 国立公園が ある* names four national parks. Their scenery centers on mountains and lakes.","*DAISETSUZAN* National park lies in the middle of *Hokkaidoo*. It is Japan's second largest national park.","Its mountain districts include three volcanic groups: *Daisetsu*, *Tokachi* and *Shikaribetsu*. The park also has forests, gorges, ravines, and spas."]},{"title":"Kanji: 供","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L124.rd.015","source":"林業では パルプ工業と 製紙工業が 盛んで、日本の 洋紙の 原料の 大部分は","translation":"In forestry, the pulp and paper industries thrive, and most of the raw material for Japan’s Western-style paper","reading":"りんぎょおではパルプこおぎょおとせいしこおぎょおがさかんで、にほんのよおしのげんりょおのだいぶぶんは","words":[{"text":"林業","gloss":"forestry","reading":"りんぎょお"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"パルプ","gloss":"pulp industry"},{"text":"工業","gloss":"pulp industry","reading":"こおぎょお"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"製紙","gloss":"paper industry","reading":"せいし"},{"text":"工業","gloss":"paper industry","reading":"こおぎょお"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"盛ん","gloss":"thriving","reading":"さかん"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"洋紙","gloss":"Western paper","reading":"よおし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"原料","gloss":"raw material","reading":"げんりょお"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"大","gloss":"most","reading":"だい"},{"text":"部分","gloss":"most","reading":"ぶぶん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.rd.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L124.rd.016","source":"北海道から 供給されている。","translation":"is supplied by Hokkaido.","reading":"ほっかいどうからきょうきゅうされている。","words":[{"text":"北海道","gloss":"Hokkaido","reading":"ほっかいどう"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"供給","gloss":"is supplied","reading":"きょうきゅう"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"is supplied"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is supplied"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is supplied"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"is supplied"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.rd.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L124.rd.017","source":"北海道第一の 都会は 札幌市で、そこには 北海道庁が あり、八十八万二千 の 人口を 有している。","translation":"The leading city in Hokkaido is Sapporo, where the Hokkaido prefectural government is located, and it has a population of 882,000.","reading":"ほっかいどうだいいちのとかいはさっぽろしで、そこにはほっかいどうちょうがあり、はちじゅうはちまんにせんのじんこおをゆうしている。","words":[{"text":"北海道","gloss":"Hokkaido","reading":"ほっかいどう"},{"text":"第","gloss":"leading","reading":"だい"},{"text":"一","gloss":"leading","reading":"いち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"都会","gloss":"city","reading":"とかい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"札幌","gloss":"Sapporo","reading":"さっぽろ"},{"text":"市","gloss":"city","reading":"し"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"北海道","gloss":"Hokkaido government","reading":"ほっかいどう"},{"text":"庁","gloss":"Hokkaido government","reading":"ちょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり、","gloss":"is located"},{"text":"八十","gloss":"eighty","reading":"はちじゅう"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eight","reading":"はち"},{"text":"万","gloss":"ten-thousand","reading":"まん"},{"text":"二千","gloss":"two thousand","reading":"にせん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人口","gloss":"population","reading":"じんこお"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"有し","gloss":"has","reading":"ゆうし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"has"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"has"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.rd.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L124.rd.018","source":"その外、小樽市、函館市、室蘭市などが ある。","translation":"Other cities include Otaru, Hakodate, and Muroran.","reading":"そのほか、おたるし、はこだてし、むろらんしなどがある。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"in addition"},{"text":"外、","gloss":"in addition"},{"text":"小樽","gloss":"Otaru"},{"text":"市、","gloss":"city"},{"text":"函館","gloss":"Hakodate"},{"text":"市、","gloss":"city"},{"text":"室蘭","gloss":"Muroran"},{"text":"市","gloss":"city"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.rd.018.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L124.rd.019","source":"北海道には 山や 湖を 中心にして 景色の よい 所が 多く、大雪山、阿寒、支笏洞爺、知床の 四つの 国立公園が ある。","translation":"Hokkaido has many scenic places centered around mountains and lakes, and there are four national parks: Daisetsuzan, Akan, Shikotsu-Toya, and Shiretoko.","reading":"ほっかいどうにはやまやみずうみをちゅうしんにしてけしきのよいところがおおく、だいせつざん、あかん、しこつとうや、しれとこのよっつのこくりつこうえんがある。","words":[{"text":"北海道","gloss":"Hokkaido","reading":"ほっかいどう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountains","reading":"やま"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"湖","gloss":"lakes","reading":"みずうみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"中心","gloss":"center","reading":"ちゅうしん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"around"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"linking"},{"text":"景色","gloss":"scenery","reading":"けしき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多く、","gloss":"many"},{"text":"大雪","gloss":"Daisetsuzan"},{"text":"山、","gloss":"Daisetsuzan"},{"text":"阿寒、","gloss":"Akan"},{"text":"支笏","gloss":"Shikotsu"},{"text":"洞爺、","gloss":"Toya"},{"text":"知床","gloss":"Shiretoko"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four","reading":"よっ"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"four"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"national parks","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"national parks","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.rd.019.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"林業","gloss":"forestry"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"工業","gloss":"manufacturing industry"},{"word":"洋紙","gloss":"foreign paper"},{"word":"原料","gloss":"raw material"},{"word":"部分","gloss":"parts"},{"word":"いる。","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"都会","gloss":"city; metropolis"},{"word":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"word":"八十","gloss":"80"},{"word":"二千","gloss":"2,000"},{"word":"人口","gloss":"population"},{"word":"山","gloss":"mountain"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Japan's regions and Hokkaido winters · Questions 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"The eastern volcanic park","paragraphs":["The first eight lines name Japan's regions. *北海道地方* means \"The Hokkaido region.\"","*AKAN* National park lies in the *Kushiro* and *Kitami* provinces of eastern *Hokkaido*.","Composite volcanoes occupy almost the whole park. Its lakes include *AKAN*, *Kutcharo*, and Lake *Mashuu*, which is clear to a depth of 41.6 meters."]},{"title":"Winter and the mid-southern park","paragraphs":["*北海道の 冬は どうですか* means \"What are winters like in Hokkaido?\" An answer describes the long winter and snow that begins in late October.","*SHIKOTSU-TOOYA* National park lies in mid-southern *Hokkaidoo*. It contains volcanoes, caldera lakes, forests, valleys, and hot springs.","Mt. *Showa Shinzan* formed suddenly in 1944. Mt. *Yotei* is celebrated for its graceful contour."]}],"lines":[{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.001","source":"北海道地方","translation":"The Hokkaido region.","reading":"ほっかいどうちほお","words":[{"text":"北海道","gloss":"Hokkaido","reading":"ほっかいどう"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"region","reading":"ちほお"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.001.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.002","source":"奥羽又は東北地方","translation":"The Ou, or Tohoku, region.","reading":"おううまたはとおほくちほお","words":[{"text":"奥羽","gloss":"Ou","reading":"おうう"},{"text":"又","gloss":"or","reading":"また"},{"text":"は","gloss":"or"},{"text":"東北","gloss":"Tohoku"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"region"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.002.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.003","source":"関東地方","translation":"The Kanto region.","reading":"かんとおちほお","words":[{"text":"関東","gloss":"Kanto"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"region"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.003.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.004","source":"中部地方","translation":"The Chubu region.","reading":"ちゅうぶちほお","words":[{"text":"中部","gloss":"Chubu","reading":"ちゅうぶ"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"region","reading":"ちほお"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.004.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.005","source":"近畿地方","translation":"The Kinki region.","reading":"きんきちほお","words":[{"text":"近畿","gloss":"Kinki","reading":"きんき"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"region","reading":"ちほお"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.005.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.006","source":"中国地方","translation":"The Chugoku region.","reading":"ちゅうごくちほお","words":[{"text":"中国","gloss":"Chugoku","reading":"ちゅうごく"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"region","reading":"ちほお"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.006.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.007","source":"四国地方","translation":"The Shikoku region.","reading":"しこくちほお","words":[{"text":"四国","gloss":"Shikoku","reading":"しこく"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"region","reading":"ちほお"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.007.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.008","source":"九州地方","translation":"The Kyushu region.","reading":"きゅうしゅうちほお","words":[{"text":"九州","gloss":"Kyushu","reading":"きゅうしゅう"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"region","reading":"ちほお"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.008.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.009","source":"北海道の 冬は どうですか。","translation":"What are winters like in Hokkaido?","reading":"ほっかいどうのふゆはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"北海道","gloss":"Hokkaido","reading":"ほっかいどう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"冬","gloss":"winters","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.009.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"東北","gloss":"northeastern Honshu (See Cult Notes)"},{"word":"関東","gloss":"Tokyo-Yokohama area (See Cult Notes)"},{"word":"中国","gloss":"China"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Snow, Ainu and fishing · Questions 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Communities, industries, and Hakodate","paragraphs":["*北海道の 産業と 言えば 先ず第一に 何ですか* means \"When speaking of Hokkaido's industries, what comes first?\" An answer names the fishing industry.","*アイヌ人の生活は 今でも 内地人の 生活と ちがいますか* asks whether Ainu life still differs from life among people from the main islands.","*Hakodate* has a good natural port, opened as a trading port in 1859. *Goryookaku* Park is famous as an old battlefield."]}],"lines":[{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.010","source":"いつごろまで 残雪が ありますか。","translation":"Until about when does snow remain on the ground?","reading":"いつごろまでざんせつがありますか。","words":[{"text":"いつごろ","gloss":"about when"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"残雪","gloss":"lingering snow","reading":"ざんせつ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"remain"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.010.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.011","source":"五月、六月になると、どうなりますか。","translation":"What happens when May and June come?","reading":"ごがつ、ろくがつになると、どうなりますか。","words":[{"text":"五","gloss":"May"},{"text":"月、","gloss":"May"},{"text":"六","gloss":"June"},{"text":"月","gloss":"June"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"happen"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.011.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.012","source":"北海道は 明治になるまでは どんな土地でしたか。","translation":"What kind of land was Hokkaido until the Meiji era?","reading":"ほっかいどうはめいじになるまではどんなとちでしたか。","words":[{"text":"北海道","gloss":"Hokkaido","reading":"ほっかいどう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"明治","gloss":"Meiji era","reading":"めいじ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"土地","gloss":"land","reading":"とち"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"is"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.012.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.013","source":"アイヌ人の生活は 今でも 内地人の 生活と ちがいますか。","translation":"Is the way the Ainu people live still different from that of people from the main islands?","reading":"アイヌじんのせいかつはいまでもないちじんのせいかつとちがいますか。","words":[{"text":"アイヌ","gloss":"Ainu people"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Ainu people","reading":"じん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"生活","gloss":"way of life","reading":"せいかつ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"内地","gloss":"main island people","reading":"ないち"},{"text":"人","gloss":"main island people","reading":"じん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"生活","gloss":"way of life","reading":"せいかつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"from"},{"text":"ちがい","gloss":"differ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.013.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.014","source":"北海道の 産業と 言えば 先ず第一に 何ですか。","translation":"When speaking of the industries of Hokkaido, what comes first?","reading":"ほっかいどうのさんぎょおといえばまずだいいちになんですか。","words":[{"text":"北海道","gloss":"Hokkaido","reading":"ほっかいどう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"産業","gloss":"industries","reading":"さんぎょお"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"say","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"when"},{"text":"先ず","gloss":"first","reading":"まず"},{"text":"第","gloss":"first","reading":"だい"},{"text":"一","gloss":"first","reading":"いち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.014.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.015","source":"漁業に 次いで どんな 産業が ありますか。","translation":"What industries come after fishing?","reading":"ぎょぎょおについでどんなさんぎょおがありますか。","words":[{"text":"漁業","gloss":"fishing industry","reading":"ぎょぎょお"},{"text":"に","gloss":"after"},{"text":"次い","gloss":"come next","reading":"つい"},{"text":"で","gloss":"come next"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"産業","gloss":"industries","reading":"さんぎょお"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.015.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.016","source":"北海道の 漁獲高は どのくらいですか。","translation":"How large is Hokkaido’s fish catch?","reading":"ほっかいどうのぎょかくこうはどのくらいですか。","words":[{"text":"北海道","gloss":"Hokkaido","reading":"ほっかいどう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"漁獲","gloss":"fish catch","reading":"ぎょかく"},{"text":"高","gloss":"fish catch","reading":"こう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how large"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"how large"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.016.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.017","source":"主な 魚は どんな 魚ですか。","translation":"What are the main kinds of fish?","reading":"おもなさかなはどんなさかなですか。","words":[{"text":"主な","gloss":"main","reading":"おもな"},{"text":"魚","gloss":"fish","reading":"さかな"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"魚","gloss":"fish","reading":"さかな"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.017.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.018","source":"鉱業では 何が 豊富ですか。","translation":"What is abundant in the mining industry?","reading":"こおぎょおではなにがほおふですか。","words":[{"text":"鉱業","gloss":"mining industry","reading":"こおぎょお"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"豊富","gloss":"abundant","reading":"ほおふ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"月、","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"どの","gloss":"which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)"},{"word":"くらい","gloss":"dark"},{"word":"鉱業","gloss":"mining industry"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Coal, forestry and cities · Questions 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Four national parks","paragraphs":["*北海道には 国立公園がいくつありますか* means \"How many national parks are there in Hokkaido?\" An answer gives four.","*北海道の 主な 都会を 二三 言ってください* asks for two or three main cities. Other questions cover coal, dairy farming, and forestry.","*Shiretoko* National park covers an area around the *Shiretoko* Peninsula in northeastern *Hokkaidoo*. Created on June 1, 1964, it covers about 160 square miles."]}],"lines":[{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.019","source":"石炭の 産出高は どのくらいですか。","translation":"How large is the coal output?","reading":"せきたんのさんしゅつこうはどのくらいですか。","words":[{"text":"石炭","gloss":"coal","reading":"せきたん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"産出","gloss":"output","reading":"さんしゅつ"},{"text":"高","gloss":"output","reading":"こう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how large"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"how large"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.019.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.020","source":"北海道の 有名な炭坑を 三つほど 言ってください。","translation":"Please name about three famous coal mines in Hokkaido.","reading":"ほっかいどうのゆうめいなたんこおをみっつほどいってください。","words":[{"text":"北海道","gloss":"Hokkaido","reading":"ほっかいどう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"な","gloss":"famous"},{"text":"炭坑","gloss":"coal mines","reading":"たんこお"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"みっ"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"three"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"about"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"name","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"name"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.020.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.021","source":"北海道の 主な 農業と 言えば 何ですか。","translation":"What is the main type of agriculture in Hokkaido?","reading":"ほっかいどうのおもなのおぎょおといえばなんですか。","words":[{"text":"北海道","gloss":"Hokkaido","reading":"ほっかいどう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"主な","gloss":"main","reading":"おもな"},{"text":"農業","gloss":"agriculture","reading":"のおぎょお"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"say","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"when"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.021.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.022","source":"北海道では どんな 林業が 盛んですか。","translation":"What kind of forestry industry thrives in Hokkaido?","reading":"ほっかいどうではどんなりんぎょおがさかんですか。","words":[{"text":"北海道","gloss":"Hokkaido","reading":"ほっかいどう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"林業","gloss":"forestry","reading":"りんぎょお"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"盛ん","gloss":"thriving","reading":"さかん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.022.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.023","source":"北海道の 主な 都会を 二三 言ってください。","translation":"Please name two or three of the main cities in Hokkaido.","reading":"ほっかいどうのおもなとかいをにさんいってください。","words":[{"text":"北海道","gloss":"Hokkaido","reading":"ほっかいどう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"主な","gloss":"main","reading":"おもな"},{"text":"都会","gloss":"cities","reading":"とかい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"二三","gloss":"two or three","reading":"にさん"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"name","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"name"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.023.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.024","source":"札幌市は どんな 市ですか。","translation":"What kind of city is Sapporo?","reading":"さっぽろしはどんなしですか。","words":[{"text":"札幌","gloss":"Sapporo city","reading":"さっぽろ"},{"text":"市","gloss":"Sapporo city","reading":"し"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"市","gloss":"city","reading":"し"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.024.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.025","source":"北海道には 国立公園がいくつありますか。","translation":"How many national parks are there in Hokkaido?","reading":"ほっかいどうにはこくりつこうえんがいくつありますか。","words":[{"text":"北海道","gloss":"Hokkaido","reading":"ほっかいどう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"national parks","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"national parks","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いく","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.025.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L124.q.026","source":"その 名前を 言ってごらんなさい。","translation":"Please tell me their names.","reading":"そのなまえをいってごらんなさい。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"their"},{"text":"名前","gloss":"names","reading":"なまえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"tell","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"tell"},{"text":"ごらん","gloss":"try"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.q.026.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"ほど","gloss":"to the extent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ください。","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Fishing, forestry and livestock words · Word list 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Communities and industries","paragraphs":["These words cover Hokkaido's people, winter conditions, and major industries.","*内地* means \"mainland\" or \"homeland\". *内地人* means \"people of mainland\".","*漁業* means \"fishing industry\". *鉱業* means \"mining industry\", and *林業* means \"forestry\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.001","source":"残雪","translation":"lingering snow","reading":"ざんせつ","words":[{"text":"残雪","gloss":"lingering snow","reading":"ざんせつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.001.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.002","source":"アイヌ人","translation":"Ainu","reading":"アイヌじん","words":[{"text":"アイヌ人","gloss":"Ainu","reading":"アイヌじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.002.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.003","source":"集落","translation":"village","reading":"しゅうらく","words":[{"text":"集落","gloss":"village","reading":"しゅうらく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.003.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.004","source":"内地","translation":"mainland; homeland\n(See Notes)","reading":"ないち","words":[{"text":"内地","gloss":"mainland","reading":"ないち"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.004.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.005","source":"内地人","translation":"people of mainland","reading":"ないちじん","words":[{"text":"内地人","gloss":"mainland people","reading":"ないちじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.005.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.006","source":"漁業","translation":"fishing industry","reading":"ぎょぎょお","words":[{"text":"漁業","gloss":"fishing industry","reading":"ぎょぎょお"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.006.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.007","source":"鉱業","translation":"mining industry","reading":"こおぎょお","words":[{"text":"鉱業","gloss":"mining industry","reading":"こおぎょお"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.007.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.008","source":"林業","translation":"forestry","reading":"りんぎょお","words":[{"text":"林業","gloss":"forestry","reading":"りんぎょお"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.008.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.009","source":"牧畜業","translation":"stock-farming;\ncattle-breeding","reading":"ぼくちくぎょう","words":[{"text":"牧畜業","gloss":"stock farming","reading":"ぼくちくぎょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.009.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.010","source":"漁場","translation":"fishing ground","reading":"ぎょじょお","words":[{"text":"漁場","gloss":"fishing ground","reading":"ぎょじょお"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.010.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.011","source":"漁獲高","translation":"catch (haul) of\nfish","reading":"ぎょかくこう","words":[{"text":"漁獲高","gloss":"fish catch","reading":"ぎょかくこう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.011.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.012","source":"第一位","translation":"number one position","reading":"だいいちい","words":[{"text":"第一位","gloss":"number one position","reading":"だいいちい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"アイヌ人","gloss":"Ainu"},{"word":"内地人","gloss":"people of mainland"},{"word":"牧畜業","gloss":"stock-farming;\ncattle-breeding"},{"word":"漁獲高","gloss":"catch (haul) of\nfish"},{"word":"第一位","gloss":"number one position"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Coal, output and dairy words · Word list 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Mining and dairy farming","paragraphs":["These words describe coal production and the distinctive dairy farms of Hokkaido.","*石炭* means \"coal\", and *炭坑* means \"coal mine\". *産出高* means \"output\".","*乳牛* means \"milking cow\". *群がる* means \"flock together\" or \"swarm\", and *サイロ* means \"silo\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.013","source":"---位","translation":"numerical counter for\npositions and ranks","reading":"---い","words":[{"text":"---位","gloss":"rank counter","reading":"---い"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.013.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.014","source":"かれい","translation":"sole; flatfish","reading":"かれい","words":[{"text":"かれい","gloss":"flatfish"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.014.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.015","source":"石炭","translation":"coal","reading":"せきたん","words":[{"text":"石炭","gloss":"coal","reading":"せきたん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.015.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.016","source":"豊富","translation":"abundant; rich","reading":"ほおふ","words":[{"text":"豊富","gloss":"abundant","reading":"ほおふ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.016.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.017","source":"産出高","translation":"output","reading":"さんしゅつだか","words":[{"text":"産出高","gloss":"output","reading":"さんしゅつだか"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.017.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.018","source":"全体","translation":"the whole","reading":"ぜんたい","words":[{"text":"全体","gloss":"the whole","reading":"ぜんたい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.018.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.019","source":"達する","translation":"to reach; to come\nup to","reading":"たっする","words":[{"text":"達する","gloss":"to reach","reading":"たっする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.019.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.020","source":"品質","translation":"quality","reading":"ひんしつ","words":[{"text":"品質","gloss":"quality","reading":"ひんしつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.020.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.021","source":"炭坑","translation":"coal mine","reading":"たんこう","words":[{"text":"炭坑","gloss":"coal mine","reading":"たんこう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.021.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.022","source":"乳牛","translation":"milking cow","reading":"にゅうぎゅう","words":[{"text":"乳牛","gloss":"milking cow","reading":"にゅうぎゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.022.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.023","source":"群がる","translation":"flock together;\nswarm","reading":"むらがる","words":[{"text":"群がる","gloss":"flock together","reading":"むらがる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.023.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.024","source":"サイロ","translation":"silo","reading":"サイロ","words":[{"text":"サイロ","gloss":"silo"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"---位","gloss":"numerical counter for\npositions and ranks"},{"word":"産出高","gloss":"output"},{"word":"達する","gloss":"to reach; to come\nup to"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Paper, government and scenery words · Word list 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Paper, government, and scenery","paragraphs":["These words cover paper manufacturing, the Hokkaido government office, and descriptions of scenery.","*パルプ工業* means \"pulp industry\". *製紙工業* means \"paper manufacturing industry\", and *洋紙* means \"foreign paper\".","*---を 中心にして* means \"-- as a center\". *風景* means \"scenery\" or \"view\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.025","source":"いかにも","translation":"indeed; really","reading":"いかにも","words":[{"text":"いかにも","gloss":"indeed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.025.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.026","source":"風景","translation":"scenery; view","reading":"ふうけい","words":[{"text":"風景","gloss":"scenery","reading":"ふうけい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.026.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.027","source":"パルプ工業","translation":"pulp industry","reading":"パルプこうぎょう","words":[{"text":"パルプ工業","gloss":"pulp industry","reading":"パルプこうぎょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.027.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.028","source":"製紙工業","translation":"paper manufacturing\nindustry","reading":"せいしこうぎょう","words":[{"text":"製紙工業","gloss":"paper manufacturing industry","reading":"せいしこうぎょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.028.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.029","source":"洋紙","translation":"foreign paper","reading":"ようし","words":[{"text":"洋紙","gloss":"foreign paper","reading":"ようし"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.029.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.030","source":"供給する","translation":"to supply; furnish","reading":"きょうきゅうする","words":[{"text":"供給する","gloss":"to supply","reading":"きょうきゅうする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.030.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.031","source":"北海道庁","translation":"The Hokkaidoo\ngovernment office","reading":"ほっかいどうちょう","words":[{"text":"北海道庁","gloss":"Hokkaido government office","reading":"ほっかいどうちょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.031.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.032","source":"有する","translation":"to possess; to have","reading":"ゆうする","words":[{"text":"有する","gloss":"to possess","reading":"ゆうする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.032.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.033","source":"---を 中心にして","translation":"-- as a center","reading":"---をちゅうしんにして","words":[{"text":"---を中心にして","gloss":"centered on","reading":"---をちゅうしんにして"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.033.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L124.w.034","source":"さけ","translation":"salmon","reading":"さけ","words":[{"text":"さけ","gloss":"salmon"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L124.w.034.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":11,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation and Exercise\n\n1 Topics:\n\na Talk about the following topics in Japanese:\n\n(1) Climate in Hokkaidoo.\n\n(2) Fishing industry in Hokkaidoo.\n\n(3) Farming in Hokkaidoo.\n\n(4) Cities in Hokkaidoo.\n\n(5) National parks in Hokkaidoo.\n\n2 Exercise:\n\na 次の 文章を 日本語に 訳してください。\n\n(1) The oceans surrounding Hokkaidoo have become one of the four great fishing grounds of the world.\n\n(2) There still is lingering snow even in the latter part of April.\n\n(3) The bulk of raw material for foreign papers in Japan is supplied from Hokkaidoo.\n\n(4) The life of Ainus is practically no different from the life of the people on the mainland."},{"section":12,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Study the Narration thoroughly and memorize the vocabulary.\n\n2 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given.\n\n3 Learn to read and write new Kanji.\n\n4 Read the Explanatory Notes."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"いかにも","gloss":"indeed; really"},{"word":"パルプ工業","gloss":"pulp industry"},{"word":"製紙工業","gloss":"paper manufacturing\nindustry"},{"word":"供給する","gloss":"to supply; furnish"},{"word":"北海道庁","gloss":"The Hokkaidoo\ngovernment office"},{"word":"有する","gloss":"to possess; to have"},{"word":"---を中心にして","gloss":"-- as a center"},{"word":"さけ","gloss":"salmon"}],"paradigms":[]}]}