{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L128","title":"Lesson 128","stage":"Narration and the written language","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 128: historic capitals and trading ports · narration 1 of 3, industries, scenic sites and pearl farming · narration 3 of 3, capitals, ports, timber, history, crafts.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/126","lines":70},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/125","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/127","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Historic capitals and trading ports · Narration 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Seven prefectures and historic capitals","paragraphs":["*近畿地方は 京都府、大阪府、奈良県、兵庫県、和歌山県、滋賀県、三重県をふくむ地方で* names the seven prefectures in the Kinki region.","*長い間 日本の政治、文化、産業の中心だった所である* means \"For a long time it was the center of Japanese politics, culture, and industry.\"","The passage then presents Kyoto and Nara as historic capitals, and Osaka and Kobe as centers of commerce and trade."]},{"title":"Himeji and its castle","paragraphs":["*Himeji* is the center of communications for its locality.","*Himeji* Castle is a national treasure."]},{"title":"Kanji: 歴, 史, 貿, 易","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 良","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L128.rd.001","source":"近畿地方は 京都府、大阪府、奈良県、兵庫県、和歌山県、滋賀県、三重県をふくむ地方で、","translation":"The Kinki region includes Kyoto Prefecture, Osaka Prefecture, Nara Prefecture, Hyogo Prefecture, Wakayama Prefecture, Shiga Prefecture, and Mie Prefecture, and","reading":"きんきちほおはきょうとふ、おおさかふ、ならけん、ひょうごけん、わかやまけん、しがけん、みえけんをふくむちほおで、","words":[{"text":"近畿","gloss":"Kinki region","reading":"きんき"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"Kinki region","reading":"ちほお"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"府、","gloss":"Prefecture","reading":"ふ"},{"text":"大阪","gloss":"Osaka","reading":"おおさか"},{"text":"府、","gloss":"Prefecture","reading":"ふ"},{"text":"奈良","gloss":"Nara","reading":"なら"},{"text":"県、","gloss":"Prefecture","reading":"けん"},{"text":"兵庫","gloss":"Hyogo","reading":"ひょうご"},{"text":"県、","gloss":"Prefecture","reading":"けん"},{"text":"和歌山","gloss":"Wakayama","reading":"わかやま"},{"text":"県、","gloss":"Prefecture","reading":"けん"},{"text":"滋賀","gloss":"Shiga","reading":"しが"},{"text":"県、","gloss":"Prefecture","reading":"けん"},{"text":"三重","gloss":"Mie","reading":"みえ"},{"text":"県","gloss":"Prefecture","reading":"けん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ふくむ","gloss":"includes"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"region","reading":"ちほお"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L128.rd.002","source":"長い間 日本の政治、文化、産業の中心だった所である。","translation":"for a long time it was the center of Japanese politics, culture, and industry.","reading":"ながいあいだにほんのせいじ、ぶんか、さんぎょおのちゅうしんだったところである。","words":[{"text":"長い","gloss":"long time"},{"text":"間","gloss":"long time"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"政治、","gloss":"politics"},{"text":"文化、","gloss":"culture"},{"text":"産業","gloss":"industry"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中心","gloss":"center","reading":"ちゅうしん"},{"text":"だっ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"was"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"was"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L128.rd.003","source":"京都は 八世紀の終りごろから、千年以上も 都のあった所で、その前に都のあった奈良と共に歴史上の遺跡や 有名な神社仏閣に富んでいる。","translation":"Kyoto was the site of the capital for over a thousand years beginning around the end of the eighth century, and together with Nara, where the capital had been before that, it is rich in historic sites and famous shrines and temples.","reading":"きょうとははっせいきのおわりごろから、せんねんいじょうもみやこのあったところで、そのまえにみやこのあったならとともにれきしじょうのいせきやゆうめいなじんじゃぶっかくにとんでいる。","words":[{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eighth","reading":"はっ"},{"text":"世紀","gloss":"century","reading":"せいき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"終りごろ","gloss":"around the end","reading":"おわりごろ"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"from"},{"text":"千","gloss":"one thousand","reading":"せん"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"以上","gloss":"more than","reading":"いじょう"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"都","gloss":"capital"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"had been"},{"text":"た","gloss":"had been"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"前","gloss":"before","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"都","gloss":"capital"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"had been"},{"text":"た","gloss":"had been"},{"text":"奈良","gloss":"Nara","reading":"なら"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"共","gloss":"together","reading":"とも"},{"text":"に","gloss":"together"},{"text":"歴史","gloss":"history","reading":"れきし"},{"text":"上","gloss":"historical","reading":"じょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"遺跡","gloss":"historic sites","reading":"いせき"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"な","gloss":"famous"},{"text":"神社","gloss":"shrines","reading":"じんじゃ"},{"text":"仏閣","gloss":"temples","reading":"ぶっかく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"富ん","gloss":"is rich","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is rich"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"is rich"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L128.rd.004","source":"したがって 外国からの観光客に最も喜こばれる所となっている。","translation":"Consequently, it has become the place most favored by tourists from abroad.","reading":"したがってがいこくからのかんこうきゃくにもっともよろこばれるところとなっている。","words":[{"text":"したがっ","gloss":"consequently"},{"text":"て","gloss":"consequently"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign countries","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"観光","gloss":"tourists","reading":"かんこう"},{"text":"客","gloss":"tourists","reading":"きゃく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"最も","gloss":"most","reading":"もっとも"},{"text":"喜こば","gloss":"is favored","reading":"よろこば"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"is favored"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"has become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"has become"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"has become"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L128.rd.005","source":"大阪、京都、神戸の三市を中心とする地方は 昔から商業が盛んで 大阪市は東京に次いで全国","translation":"The area centered on the three cities of Osaka, Kyoto, and Kobe has prospered in commerce since long ago, and Osaka ranks second in the nation after Tokyo","reading":"おおさか、きょうと、こうべのさんしをちゅうしんとするちほおはむかしからしょうぎょうがさかんでおおさかしはとうきょうについでぜんこく","words":[{"text":"大阪、","gloss":"Osaka","reading":"おおさか"},{"text":"京都、","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"神戸","gloss":"Kobe","reading":"こうべ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three cities","reading":"さん"},{"text":"市","gloss":"three cities","reading":"し"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"中心","gloss":"center","reading":"ちゅうしん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"する","gloss":"make"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"region","reading":"ちほお"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"昔","gloss":"long ago","reading":"むかし"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"商業","gloss":"commerce","reading":"しょうぎょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"盛ん","gloss":"thriving","reading":"さかん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"大阪","gloss":"Osaka City","reading":"おおさか"},{"text":"市","gloss":"Osaka City","reading":"し"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"after"},{"text":"次い","gloss":"rank next","reading":"つい"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"全国","gloss":"nationwide","reading":"ぜんこく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L128.rd.006","source":"又 神戸、大阪は 貿易港として 東の東京、横浜と競争している。","translation":"Kobe and Osaka also compete as trading ports with Tokyo and Yokohama in the east.","reading":"またこうべ、おおさかはぼうえきこうとしてひがしのとうきょう、よこはまときょうそおしている。","words":[{"text":"又","gloss":"also","reading":"また"},{"text":"神戸、","gloss":"Kobe","reading":"こうべ"},{"text":"大阪","gloss":"Osaka","reading":"おおさか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"貿易","gloss":"trading port","reading":"ぼうえき"},{"text":"港","gloss":"trading port","reading":"こう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"東","gloss":"east","reading":"ひがし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"東京、","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"横浜","gloss":"Yokohama","reading":"よこはま"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"競争","gloss":"compete","reading":"きょうそお"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"are competing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.rd.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"Lake Biwa\nLake Biwa, so called because in shape it resembles the musical instrument of that name, is 146 miles in circumference and 261 square miles in area. The lake lies 285 feet above sea level and is 314 feet deep. Lake Biwa and the surrounding mountainous district including Mt. Ibuki, Mt. Hiei, Mt. Hira and other peaks, comprising an area of 417 square miles was named Biwako Quasi-National Park on July 24, 1950.\nTransportation on the lake is maintained by steamers of the Biwako Kisen Kaisha Company, and visitors can either make a round trip of the lake, or a trip to the so-called ’’eight views.”"},{"section":2,"text":"2 AMA-NO-HASHIDATE\nAma-no-hashidate has been famous from ancient times for its beautiful views, which make it one of the ’’Scenic Trio” in Japan. The name means literally ’’Bridge of Heaven,” and is taken from the Ama-no-ukihashi (Floating Bridge of Heaven), on which, Japanese mythology relates,\n\nIzanagi and Izanami stood while they created the islands of Japan. Actually it is a sand bar, 2 miles long and some 200 feet wide, on which grow groves of pine trees which have been bent into fantastic shapes by many wintry storms. This sand bar projects into the Bay of Miyazu southwestward from Fuchuu on the north coast of the bay.\nThe best view of Ama-no-hashidate is obtained from a height. Travelers are generally content with the view from Kasamatsu Park, halfway up Mt. Nariai, accessible by cable railway. Connoisseurs in the art of viewing scenery like to look at the scene from between the legs, which makes Ama-no-hashidate appear as if it were suspended in mid-air, it is claimed."},{"section":3,"text":"3 Ise-Shima National park\nIse-Shima National park was created on November 20, 1946. Having a total area of 128,586 acres, this park covers the larger part of Ise and Shima provinces which have many interesting geological features in their coastal regions and adjoining islands. This park contains many\n\nbeautiful sights and places of interest, chief among which are Jinguu Shrine in Ise, Futami-ga-ura for its two rocks, Myooto-Iwa (Wedded Rocks), nurseries of cultured pearls in Ago Bay, and Toba which are known for women pearl divers.\nIn Ago and five other bays not very far from Toba are several cultured pearl beds belonging to the Mikimoto Farm. These pearls are produced by introducing an irritant inside the shell of the oysters, causing them to secrete the nacre of which pearls are formed. It takes about 7 years for pearls to develop fully by this method,"},{"section":4,"text":"4 YOSHINO and KUMANO National Park\nThis national park, as the name indicates, embraces two districts of Yoshino and Kumano, the former mountainous and the latter rich in rivers, gorges, and seashore. Both have ancient temples and shrines. The park extends over the three prefectures of Nara, Mie, and Wakayama with a total area of 137,000 acres. It was officially designated as a national park in February, 1936, The Yoshino mountains, popularly known as the Yoshino Alps or Yamato Alps, are not volcanic and contain such lofty peaks as Sanjoo-ga-dake,\n\nShaka-dake, Bukkyoo-ga-dake. These peaks were formerly climbed chiefly for devotional purposes, as they have old sanctuaries on their summits. They are today, however, visited by hikers and excursionists almost all the year round. The Kumano district is not so mountainous, but offers scenic beauty and tourist attractions in rivers, gorges, waterfalls, its coastline, and an abundance of hot springs."},{"section":5,"text":"Himeji\nHimeji is the center of communications for this locality. Himeji is known for Himeji Castle, which is a ’’national treasure.”"}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"地方","gloss":"country, region"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"奈良","gloss":"P.N."},{"word":"県、","gloss":"prefecture (See Cultural Notes)"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"ふくむ","gloss":"contain? include"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"間","gloss":"between"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"政治、","gloss":"government; adminis-tration; politics"},{"word":"文化、","gloss":"culture"},{"word":"産業","gloss":"industry"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"},{"word":"ある。","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"千","gloss":"1,000"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"も","gloss":"as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"都","gloss":"capital"},{"word":"前","gloss":"before, front"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"遺跡","gloss":"remains; ruins; vestiges"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"神社","gloss":"shrine"},{"word":"仏閣","gloss":"Buddhist temple"},{"word":"いる。","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"れる","gloss":"to be able to --\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"神戸","gloss":"Kobe"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"全国","gloss":"entire country"},{"word":"港","gloss":"port, harbor"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"東","gloss":"east"},{"word":"競争","gloss":"competition, race"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Industries, crafts and regional products · Narration 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Heavy industry and local crafts","paragraphs":["*阪神工業地帯は 製鉄、造船、機械類などの重工業から化学工業、紡績工業、織物業、その他各種の軽工業に至るまで、あらゆる種類の工業をふくんでいる* describes industries ranging from heavy to light.","*京都市の西陣織、友禅染、清水焼、奈良の筆、墨、灘の日本酒、宇治を中心とする茶など有名である* names famous crafts, sake, and tea.","The passage also connects fishing, forestry, timber, and beef with different parts of the region."]},{"title":"Kanji: 筆","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 軽","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L128.rd.007","source":"大阪を中心として 神戸にのびた地方は日本の四大工業地帯の一つで、阪神工業地帯として知られている。","translation":"The area centered on Osaka and extending to Kobe is one of Japan’s four major industrial regions and is known as the Hanshin Industrial Region.","reading":"おおさかをちゅうしんとしてこうべにのびたちほおはにほんのしだいこおぎょおちたいのひとつで、はんしんこおぎょおちたいとしてしられている。","words":[{"text":"大阪","gloss":"Osaka","reading":"おおさか"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"中心","gloss":"center","reading":"ちゅうしん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"神戸","gloss":"Kobe","reading":"こうべ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"のび","gloss":"extend"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"region","reading":"ちほお"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four major"},{"text":"大","gloss":"four major"},{"text":"工業","gloss":"industrial region"},{"text":"地帯","gloss":"industrial region"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is"},{"text":"阪神","gloss":"Hanshin"},{"text":"工業","gloss":"industrial region"},{"text":"地帯","gloss":"industrial region"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"知ら","gloss":"is known","reading":"しら"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is known"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is known"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"is known"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L128.rd.008","source":"阪神工業地帯は 製鉄、造船、機械類などの重工業から化学工業、紡績工業、織物業、その他各種の軽工業に至るまで、あらゆる種類の工業をふくんでいる。","translation":"The Hanshin Industrial Region includes every kind of industry, from heavy industries such as iron and steel, shipbuilding, and machinery to the chemical, spinning, textile, and various other light industries.","reading":"はんしんこおぎょおちたいはせいてつ、ぞうせん、きかいるいなどのじゅうこおぎょおからかがくこおぎょお、ぼうせきこおぎょお、おりものぎょう、そのたかくしゅのけいこおぎょおにいたるまで、あらゆるしゅるいのこおぎょおをふくんでいる。","words":[{"text":"阪神","gloss":"Hanshin"},{"text":"工業","gloss":"industrial region"},{"text":"地帯","gloss":"industrial region"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"製鉄、","gloss":"steelmaking","reading":"せいてつ"},{"text":"造船、","gloss":"shipbuilding","reading":"ぞうせん"},{"text":"機械","gloss":"machinery","reading":"きかい"},{"text":"類","gloss":"machinery","reading":"るい"},{"text":"など","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"重","gloss":"heavy industry","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"工業","gloss":"heavy industry","reading":"こおぎょお"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"化学","gloss":"chemical industry"},{"text":"工業、","gloss":"chemical industry"},{"text":"紡績","gloss":"spinning industry"},{"text":"工業、","gloss":"spinning industry"},{"text":"織物","gloss":"textile industry"},{"text":"業、","gloss":"textile industry"},{"text":"その","gloss":"other"},{"text":"他","gloss":"other","reading":"た"},{"text":"各種","gloss":"various","reading":"かくしゅ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"軽","gloss":"light industry","reading":"けい"},{"text":"工業","gloss":"light industry","reading":"こおぎょお"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"至る","gloss":"extend","reading":"いたる"},{"text":"まで、","gloss":"as far as"},{"text":"あらゆる","gloss":"every"},{"text":"種類","gloss":"kind","reading":"しゅるい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"工業","gloss":"industry","reading":"こおぎょお"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ふくん","gloss":"includes"},{"text":"で","gloss":"includes"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"includes"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L128.rd.009","source":"京都市の西陣織、友禅染、清水焼、奈良の筆、墨、灘の日本酒、宇治を中心とする茶など有名である。","translation":"Kyoto City’s Nishijin textiles, Yuzen dyeing, and Kiyomizu ware, Nara’s brushes and ink, Nada’s sake, and tea from the area centered on Uji are famous.","reading":"きょうとしのにしじんおり、ゆうぜんぞめ、きよみずやき、ならのふで、すみ、なだのにほんしゅ、うじをちゅうしんとするちゃなどゆうめいである。","words":[{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto City","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"市","gloss":"Kyoto City","reading":"し"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"西陣","gloss":"Nishijin textiles"},{"text":"織、","gloss":"Nishijin textiles"},{"text":"友禅","gloss":"Yuzen dyeing"},{"text":"染、","gloss":"Yuzen dyeing"},{"text":"清水","gloss":"Kiyomizu ware"},{"text":"焼、","gloss":"Kiyomizu ware"},{"text":"奈良","gloss":"Nara"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"筆、","gloss":"brushes","reading":"ふで"},{"text":"墨、","gloss":"ink","reading":"すみ"},{"text":"灘","gloss":"Nada","reading":"なだ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"sake"},{"text":"酒、","gloss":"sake"},{"text":"宇治","gloss":"Uji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"中心","gloss":"center","reading":"ちゅうしん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"する","gloss":"make"},{"text":"茶","gloss":"tea","reading":"ちゃ"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L128.rd.010","source":"その外 水産業や林業も盛んで、紀伊半島の人々の生活の基礎となっているものである。","translation":"In addition, the fishing and forestry industries also thrive and form the foundation of life for the people of the Kii Peninsula.","reading":"そのほかすいさんぎょおやりんぎょおもさかんで、きいはんとおのひとびとのせいかつのきそとなっているものである。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"in addition"},{"text":"外","gloss":"in addition"},{"text":"水産","gloss":"fishing industry"},{"text":"業","gloss":"fishing industry"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"林業","gloss":"forestry","reading":"りんぎょお"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"盛ん","gloss":"thriving","reading":"さかん"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"紀伊","gloss":"Kii Peninsula","reading":"きい"},{"text":"半島","gloss":"Kii Peninsula","reading":"はんとお"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"人々","gloss":"people","reading":"ひとびと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"生活","gloss":"life","reading":"せいかつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"基礎","gloss":"foundation","reading":"きそ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"forms"},{"text":"て","gloss":"forms"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"forms"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L128.rd.011","source":"この地方から すぎ、ひのき、などの良材が多く出る。","translation":"A great deal of quality timber, such as cedar and cypress, comes from this region.","reading":"このちほおからすぎ、ひのき、などのりょおざいがおおくでる。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"region","reading":"ちほお"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"すぎ、","gloss":"cedar"},{"text":"ひのき、","gloss":"cypress"},{"text":"など","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"良材","gloss":"quality timber","reading":"りょおざい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"much","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"出る。","gloss":"comes","reading":"でる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L128.rd.012","source":"牧畜業では、この地方の牛肉は味がよく、神戸肉として知られている。","translation":"As for livestock farming, the beef from this region has a good flavor and is known as Kobe beef.","reading":"ぼくちくぎょうでは、このちほおのぎゅうにくはあじがよく、こうべにくとしてしられている。","words":[{"text":"牧畜","gloss":"livestock farming","reading":"ぼくちく"},{"text":"業","gloss":"livestock farming","reading":"ぎょう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"as for"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"region","reading":"ちほお"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"牛肉","gloss":"beef","reading":"ぎゅうにく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"味","gloss":"flavor","reading":"あじ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく、","gloss":"is good"},{"text":"神戸","gloss":"Kobe beef","reading":"こうべ"},{"text":"肉","gloss":"Kobe beef","reading":"にく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"知ら","gloss":"is known","reading":"しら"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is known"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is known"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"is known"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.rd.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"工業","gloss":"manufacturing industry"},{"word":"地帯","gloss":"zone"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"阪神","gloss":"P.N., a railway company and department store"},{"word":"製鉄、","gloss":"iron manufacture"},{"word":"機械","gloss":"machine"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"織物","gloss":"fabric"},{"word":"まで、","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"あらゆる","gloss":"all; all sorts"},{"word":"種類","gloss":"kind, sort"},{"word":"清水","gloss":"P.N. (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"筆、","gloss":"writing brush; paint brush"},{"word":"墨、","gloss":"Indian ink; ink stick"},{"word":"酒、","gloss":"Sake, rice wine"},{"word":"茶","gloss":"tea"},{"word":"林業","gloss":"forestry"},{"word":"半島","gloss":"peninsula"},{"word":"人々","gloss":"people"},{"word":"基礎","gloss":"basis; foundation"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"},{"word":"すぎ、","gloss":"past, after"},{"word":"ひのき、","gloss":"Japanese Cypress"},{"word":"良材","gloss":"good timber"},{"word":"多く","gloss":"many of them"},{"word":"出る。","gloss":"come out to the phone, go out, come out (vi)"},{"word":"牛肉","gloss":"beef"},{"word":"よく、","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"肉","gloss":"meat, flesh"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Scenic sites and pearl farming · Narration 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Lake Biwa and the pearl coast","paragraphs":["*日本最大の琵琶湖* identifies Lake Biwa as Japan's largest lake.","Lake *Biwa* has the shape of the musical instrument of that name. It is 146 miles in circumference and 261 square miles in area.","The lake lies 285 feet above sea level and is 314 feet deep.","*海岸で、養殖真珠で有名である* means \"The coastline is famous for cultured pearls.\""]},{"title":"A sand bar called the Bridge of Heaven","paragraphs":["*日本三景の一つの天の橋立* identifies *Ama-no-hashidate* as one of Japan's Scenic Trio.","Its name means \"Bridge of Heaven\". It is a sand bar 2 miles long and some 200 feet wide.","Pine trees grow on it, bent into fantastic shapes by wintry storms."]},{"title":"Kanji: 谷","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L128.rd.013","source":"観光地としては 京都、奈良は 言うまでもなく、紀伊半島にある山地や峡谷を中心とした吉野熊野国立公園、日本最大の琵琶湖、","translation":"As tourist destinations, needless to say, there are Kyoto and Nara, as well as Yoshino-Kumano National Park, centered on the mountains and gorges of the Kii Peninsula, Lake Biwa, Japan’s largest lake,","reading":"かんこうちとしてはきょうと、ならはいうまでもなく、きいはんとおにあるさんちやきょうこくをちゅうしんとしたよしのくまのこくりつこうえん、にほんさいだいのびわこ、","words":[{"text":"観光","gloss":"tourist destination","reading":"かんこう"},{"text":"地","gloss":"tourist destination","reading":"ち"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"as for"},{"text":"京都、","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"奈良","gloss":"Nara","reading":"なら"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"needless to say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"needless to say"},{"text":"も","gloss":"needless to say"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"needless to say"},{"text":"紀伊","gloss":"Kii Peninsula","reading":"きい"},{"text":"半島","gloss":"Kii Peninsula","reading":"はんとお"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"located"},{"text":"山地","gloss":"mountains","reading":"さんち"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"峡谷","gloss":"gorges","reading":"きょうこく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"中心","gloss":"center","reading":"ちゅうしん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"吉野","gloss":"Yoshino"},{"text":"熊野","gloss":"Kumano"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"national park"},{"text":"公園、","gloss":"national park"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan"},{"text":"最大","gloss":"largest"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"琵琶","gloss":"Lake Biwa","reading":"びわ"},{"text":"湖、","gloss":"Lake Biwa","reading":"こ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.rd.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L128.rd.014","source":"日本三景の一つの天の橋立、伊勢志摩国立公園など 景色のよい所が沢山ある。","translation":"Amanohashidate, one of Japan’s three most scenic places, Ise-Shima National Park, and many other places with beautiful scenery.","reading":"にほんさんけいのひとつのあまのはしだて、いせしまこくりつこうえんなどけしきのよいところがたくさんある。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three scenic places"},{"text":"景","gloss":"three scenic places"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"天の橋立、","gloss":"Amanohashidate","reading":"あまのはしだて"},{"text":"伊勢","gloss":"Ise","reading":"いせ"},{"text":"志摩","gloss":"Shima","reading":"しま"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"national park","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"national park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"景色","gloss":"scenery","reading":"けしき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"with"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"beautiful"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.rd.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L128.rd.015","source":"伊勢志摩国立公園の一部になっている英虞湾付近は 日本でも入りこみの最も多い","translation":"The area around Ago Bay, which is part of Ise-Shima National Park, has one of the most deeply indented","reading":"いせしまこくりつこうえんのいちぶになっているあごわんふきんはにほんでもいりこみのもっともおおい","words":[{"text":"伊勢","gloss":"Ise","reading":"いせ"},{"text":"志摩","gloss":"Shima","reading":"しま"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"national park","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"national park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"一部","gloss":"part","reading":"いちぶ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"is part"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is part"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is part"},{"text":"英虞","gloss":"Ago Bay","reading":"あご"},{"text":"湾","gloss":"Ago Bay","reading":"わん"},{"text":"付近","gloss":"vicinity","reading":"ふきん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"入りこみ","gloss":"indentations","reading":"いりこみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"最も","gloss":"most","reading":"もっとも"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"numerous","reading":"おおい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.rd.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L128.rd.016","source":"海岸で、養殖真珠で有名である。","translation":"coastlines in Japan and is famous for cultured pearls.","reading":"かいがんで、ようしょくしんじゅでゆうめいである。","words":[{"text":"海岸","gloss":"coastline","reading":"かいがん"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is"},{"text":"養殖","gloss":"cultured pearls","reading":"ようしょく"},{"text":"真珠","gloss":"cultured pearls","reading":"しんじゅ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"for"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.rd.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L128.rd.017","source":"その養殖場は 伊勢神宮や二見が浦と共に外国人のおとずれも多い所である。","translation":"Along with Ise Shrine and Futamigaura, its pearl farms are places frequently visited by foreigners.","reading":"そのようしょくじょうはいせじんぐうやふたみがうらとともにがいこくじんのおとずれもおおいところである。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"those"},{"text":"養殖","gloss":"pearl farms","reading":"ようしょく"},{"text":"場","gloss":"pearl farms","reading":"じょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"伊勢","gloss":"Ise Shrine","reading":"いせ"},{"text":"神宮","gloss":"Ise Shrine","reading":"じんぐう"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"二見","gloss":"Futamigaura","reading":"ふたみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"Futamigaura"},{"text":"浦","gloss":"Futamigaura","reading":"うら"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"共","gloss":"together","reading":"とも"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreigners","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"人","gloss":"foreigners","reading":"じん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"おとずれ","gloss":"visits"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"frequent","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.rd.017.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"山地","gloss":"mountain area"},{"word":"峡谷","gloss":"gorge; ravine; canyon"},{"word":"最大","gloss":"the largest (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"天の橋立、","gloss":"P.N."},{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"一部","gloss":"a copy"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"湾","gloss":"bay"},{"word":"付近","gloss":"vicinity, neighborhood"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"入りこみ","gloss":"indentation"},{"word":"海岸","gloss":"coast, shore"},{"word":"真珠","gloss":"pearl"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"おとずれ","gloss":"visit"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Capitals, commerce and industry · Questions 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Prefectures, capitals, and industry","paragraphs":["*近畿地方は どの県を ふくんでいますか* asks \"Which prefectures does the Kinki region include?\"","An answer names the prefectures in the region.","Other answers identify former capitals, historic sites, commerce, and the area called the Hanshin Industrial Region."]}],"lines":[{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.001","source":"近畿地方","translation":"The Kinki region.","reading":"きんきちほお","words":[{"text":"近畿","gloss":"Kinki region","reading":"きんき"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"Kinki region","reading":"ちほお"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.001.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.002","source":"第二位の商業都市である。","translation":"It is the second-ranking commercial city.","reading":"だいにいのしょうぎょうとしである。","words":[{"text":"第","gloss":"second-ranking"},{"text":"二","gloss":"second-ranking"},{"text":"位","gloss":"second-ranking"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"商業","gloss":"commercial city","reading":"しょうぎょう"},{"text":"都市","gloss":"commercial city","reading":"とし"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.002.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.003","source":"近畿地方は どの県を ふくんでいますか。","translation":"Which prefectures does the Kinki region include?","reading":"きんきちほおはどのけんをふくんでいますか。","words":[{"text":"近畿","gloss":"Kinki region","reading":"きんき"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"Kinki region","reading":"ちほお"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"which"},{"text":"県","gloss":"prefectures","reading":"けん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ふくん","gloss":"includes"},{"text":"で","gloss":"includes"},{"text":"い","gloss":"includes"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"includes"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.003.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.004","source":"長い間 何の中心だった ところですか。","translation":"What was it the center of for a long time?","reading":"ながいあいだなんのちゅうしんだったところですか。","words":[{"text":"長い","gloss":"long time"},{"text":"間","gloss":"long time"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中心","gloss":"center","reading":"ちゅうしん"},{"text":"だっ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"place"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.004.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.005","source":"京都は いつごろから 都のあった所ですか。","translation":"From about when was Kyoto the site of the capital?","reading":"きょうとはいつごろからみやこのあったところですか。","words":[{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつごろ","gloss":"about when"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"都","gloss":"capital"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"existed"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.005.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.006","source":"その前に 都のあった所は どこですか。","translation":"Where was the capital located before that?","reading":"そのまえにみやこのあったところはどこですか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"前","gloss":"before","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"都","gloss":"capital"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"existed"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.006.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.007","source":"京都は 奈良と共に 何に富んでいますか。","translation":"What is Kyoto rich in, together with Nara?","reading":"きょうとはならとともになんにとんでいますか。","words":[{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"奈良","gloss":"Nara","reading":"なら"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"共","gloss":"together","reading":"とも"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"富ん","gloss":"is rich","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is rich"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is rich"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is rich"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.007.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.008","source":"大阪、京都、神戸の三市を中心とする地方は 昔から何が 盛んですか。","translation":"What has prospered since long ago in the area centered on the three cities of Osaka, Kyoto, and Kobe?","reading":"おおさか、きょうと、こうべのさんしをちゅうしんとするちほおはむかしからなんがさかんですか。","words":[{"text":"大阪、","gloss":"Osaka","reading":"おおさか"},{"text":"京都、","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"神戸","gloss":"Kobe","reading":"こうべ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three cities","reading":"さん"},{"text":"市","gloss":"three cities","reading":"し"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"中心","gloss":"center","reading":"ちゅうしん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"する","gloss":"make"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"region","reading":"ちほお"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"昔","gloss":"long ago","reading":"むかし"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"盛ん","gloss":"thriving","reading":"さかん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.008.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.009","source":"阪神工業地帯というのは どの地方ですか。","translation":"What area is called the Hanshin Industrial Region?","reading":"はんしんこおぎょおちたいというのはどのちほおですか。","words":[{"text":"阪神","gloss":"Hanshin"},{"text":"工業","gloss":"industrial region"},{"text":"地帯","gloss":"industrial region"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"which"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"region","reading":"ちほお"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.009.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"都市","gloss":"city"},{"word":"どの","gloss":"which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)"},{"word":"県","gloss":"prefecture (See Cultural Notes)"},{"word":"い","gloss":"stomach"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ところ","gloss":"place (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Ports, industries and crafts · Questions 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Ports and products","paragraphs":["*東の東京、横浜と競争している貿易港はどこですか* asks \"Which trading ports compete with Tokyo and Yokohama in the east?\"","An answer names the competing ports.","Other answers give the industries of the Hanshin region and connect crafts and sake with their places of production."]}],"lines":[{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.010","source":"東の東京、横浜と競争している貿易港はどこですか。","translation":"Which trading ports compete with Tokyo and Yokohama in the east?","reading":"ひがしのとうきょう、よこはまときょうそおしているぼうえきこうはどこですか。","words":[{"text":"東","gloss":"east","reading":"ひがし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"東京、","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"横浜","gloss":"Yokohama","reading":"よこはま"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"競争","gloss":"compete","reading":"きょうそお"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are competing"},{"text":"貿易","gloss":"trading port","reading":"ぼうえき"},{"text":"港","gloss":"trading port","reading":"こう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.010.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.011","source":"阪神工業地帯ではどんな工業が行なわれていますか。","translation":"What kinds of industry are carried on in the Hanshin Industrial Region?","reading":"はんしんこおぎょおちたいではどんなこおぎょおがおこなわれていますか。","words":[{"text":"阪神","gloss":"Hanshin"},{"text":"工業","gloss":"industrial region"},{"text":"地帯","gloss":"industrial region"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"as for"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"工業","gloss":"industry","reading":"こおぎょお"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"行なわ","gloss":"is carried on","reading":"おこなわ"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is carried on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is carried on"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is carried on"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is carried on"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.011.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.012","source":"次の物は どこで 出来ますか。","translation":"Where are the following products made?","reading":"つぎのものはどこでできますか。","words":[{"text":"次","gloss":"following","reading":"つぎ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"物","gloss":"products","reading":"もの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"made","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.012.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.013","source":"友禅染","translation":"Yuzen dyeing.","reading":"ゆうぜんぞめ","words":[{"text":"友禅","gloss":"Yuzen dyeing","reading":"ゆうぜん"},{"text":"染","gloss":"Yuzen dyeing","reading":"ぞめ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.013.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.014","source":"筆","translation":"Brushes.","reading":"ふで","words":[{"text":"筆","gloss":"brushes","reading":"ふで"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.014.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.015","source":"清水焼","translation":"Kiyomizu ware.","reading":"きよみずやき","words":[{"text":"清水","gloss":"Kiyomizu ware"},{"text":"焼","gloss":"Kiyomizu ware"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.015.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.016","source":"墨","translation":"Ink.","reading":"すみ","words":[{"text":"墨","gloss":"ink","reading":"すみ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.016.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.017","source":"西陣織","translation":"Nishijin textiles.","reading":"にしじんおり","words":[{"text":"西陣","gloss":"Nishijin textiles","reading":"にしじん"},{"text":"織","gloss":"Nishijin textiles","reading":"おり"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.017.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.018","source":"灘は 何で有名ですか。","translation":"What is Nada famous for?","reading":"なだはなんでゆうめいですか。","words":[{"text":"灘","gloss":"Nada","reading":"なだ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"for"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"筆","gloss":"writing brush; paint brush"},{"word":"墨","gloss":"Indian ink; ink stick"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Timber, tourism and pearls · Questions 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Pearls of Ise-Shima","paragraphs":["*英虞湾付近は何で有名ですか* asks \"What is the area around Ago Bay famous for?\"","The area is famous for cultured pearls. Pearl beds in *Ago* Bay belong to the *Mikimoto* Farm.","Other chief sights include *Jinguu* Shrine in *Ise*, the Wedded Rocks, and *Toba* with its women pearl divers."]},{"title":"Mountains and rivers of Yoshino and Kumano","paragraphs":["*観光地として有名な所はどこですか* asks \"Which places are famous as tourist destinations?\"","Answers include Lake *Biwa*, *Ama-no-hashidate*, and the national parks of *Yoshino*, *Kumano*, and *Ise-Shima*.","*Yoshino* is mountainous. *Kumano* is rich in rivers, gorges and seashore.","The park lies in the prefectures of *Nara*, *Mie* and *Wakayama*. Both districts have ancient temples and shrines."]}],"lines":[{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.019","source":"宇治は 何で有名ですか。","translation":"What is Uji famous for?","reading":"うじはなんでゆうめいですか。","words":[{"text":"宇治","gloss":"Uji","reading":"うじ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"for"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.019.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.020","source":"紀伊半島の人々の生活の基礎となっているものは何ですか。","translation":"What forms the foundation of life for the people of the Kii Peninsula?","reading":"きいはんとおのひとびとのせいかつのきそとなっているものはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"紀伊","gloss":"Kii Peninsula","reading":"きい"},{"text":"半島","gloss":"Kii Peninsula","reading":"はんとお"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"人々","gloss":"people","reading":"ひとびと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"生活","gloss":"life","reading":"せいかつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"基礎","gloss":"foundation","reading":"きそ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"forms"},{"text":"て","gloss":"forms"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"forms"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.020.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.021","source":"この地方から何の良材が出ますか。","translation":"What kinds of quality timber come from this region?","reading":"このちほおからなんのりょうざいがでますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"region","reading":"ちほお"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what kind","reading":"なん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"良材","gloss":"quality timber","reading":"りょうざい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出","gloss":"comes","reading":"で"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.021.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.022","source":"牧畜業はどうですか。","translation":"How is livestock farming?","reading":"ぼくちくぎょうはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"牧畜","gloss":"livestock farming","reading":"ぼくちく"},{"text":"業","gloss":"livestock farming","reading":"ぎょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.022.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.023","source":"観光地として有名な所はどこですか。","translation":"Which places are famous as tourist destinations?","reading":"かんこうちとしてゆうめいなところはどこですか。","words":[{"text":"観光","gloss":"tourist destination","reading":"かんこう"},{"text":"地","gloss":"tourist destination","reading":"ち"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.023.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.024","source":"英虞湾付近は何で有名ですか。","translation":"What is the area around Ago Bay famous for?","reading":"あごわんふきんはなんでゆうめいですか。","words":[{"text":"英虞","gloss":"Ago Bay","reading":"あご"},{"text":"湾","gloss":"Ago Bay","reading":"わん"},{"text":"付近","gloss":"vicinity","reading":"ふきん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"for"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.024.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.025","source":"琵琶湖はどんな湖ですか。","translation":"What kind of lake is Lake Biwa?","reading":"びわこはどんなみずうみですか。","words":[{"text":"琵琶","gloss":"Lake Biwa"},{"text":"湖","gloss":"Lake Biwa"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"湖","gloss":"lake"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.025.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L128.q.026","source":"伊勢付近で有名な所は。","translation":"What famous places are there around Ise?","reading":"いせふきんでゆうめいなところは。","words":[{"text":"伊勢","gloss":"Ise","reading":"いせ"},{"text":"付近","gloss":"vicinity","reading":"ふきん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"は。","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.q.026.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"History, ports and industry · Word list 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"History, ports, and industry","paragraphs":["These words cover historic places, ports, and industry.","*遺跡* means \"remains\" or \"ruins\".","*重工業* and *軽工業* distinguish heavy industry from light industry."]}],"lines":[{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.001","source":"ふくむ","translation":"contain? include","reading":"ふくむ","words":[{"text":"ふくむ","gloss":"include"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.001.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.002","source":"歴史上の","translation":"historic; historical","reading":"れきしじょうの","words":[{"text":"歴史上の","gloss":"historical","reading":"れきしじょうの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.002.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.003","source":"遺跡","translation":"remains; ruins; vestiges","reading":"いせき","words":[{"text":"遺跡","gloss":"ruins","reading":"いせき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.003.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.004","source":"仏閣","translation":"Buddhist temple","reading":"ぶっかく","words":[{"text":"仏閣","gloss":"Buddhist temple","reading":"ぶっかく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.004.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.005","source":"喜こばれる","translation":"to be appreciated; be rejoiced","reading":"よろこばれる","words":[{"text":"喜こばれる","gloss":"be appreciated","reading":"よろこばれる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.005.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.006","source":"貿易港","translation":"trade port","reading":"ぼうえきこう","words":[{"text":"貿易港","gloss":"trading port","reading":"ぼうえきこう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.006.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.007","source":"製鉄","translation":"iron manufacture","reading":"せいてつ","words":[{"text":"製鉄","gloss":"steelmaking","reading":"せいてつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.007.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.008","source":"重工業","translation":"heavy industry","reading":"じゅうこおぎょお","words":[{"text":"重工業","gloss":"heavy industry","reading":"じゅうこおぎょお"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.008.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.009","source":"軽工業","translation":"light industry","reading":"けいこおぎょお","words":[{"text":"軽工業","gloss":"light industry","reading":"けいこおぎょお"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.009.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"歴史上の","gloss":"historic; historical"},{"word":"喜こばれる","gloss":"to be appreciated; be rejoiced"},{"word":"貿易港","gloss":"trade port"},{"word":"製鉄","gloss":"iron manufacture"},{"word":"重工業","gloss":"heavy industry"},{"word":"軽工業","gloss":"light industry"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Crafts, sake and marine industry · Word list 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Crafts, sake, and marine industry","paragraphs":["These words cover crafts, local products, marine industry, and the foundation of a community's life.","*友禅染* means \"YUUZEN process printed silk\", while *清水焼* means \"Kiyomizu China\".","*--から--に至るまで* marks a range \"from -- to --\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.010","source":"--から--に至るまで","translation":"from -- to --","reading":"--から--にいたるまで","words":[{"text":"--から--に至るまで","gloss":"from -- to --","reading":"--から--にいたるまで"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.010.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.011","source":"あらゆる","translation":"all; all sorts","reading":"あらゆる","words":[{"text":"あらゆる","gloss":"all sorts"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.011.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.012","source":"友禅染","translation":"YUUZEN process printed silk","reading":"ゆうぜんぞめ","words":[{"text":"友禅染","gloss":"Yuuzen printed silk","reading":"ゆうぜんぞめ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.012.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.013","source":"清水焼","translation":"Kiyomizu China","reading":"きよみずやき","words":[{"text":"清水焼","gloss":"Kiyomizu porcelain","reading":"きよみずやき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.013.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.014","source":"筆","translation":"writing brush; paint brush","reading":"ふで","words":[{"text":"筆","gloss":"writing brush","reading":"ふで"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.014.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.015","source":"墨","translation":"Indian ink; ink stick","reading":"すみ","words":[{"text":"墨","gloss":"ink stick","reading":"すみ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.015.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.016","source":"日本酒","translation":"sake","reading":"にほんしゅ","words":[{"text":"日本酒","gloss":"sake","reading":"にほんしゅ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.016.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.017","source":"水産業","translation":"marine industry","reading":"すいさんぎょう","words":[{"text":"水産業","gloss":"marine industry","reading":"すいさんぎょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.017.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.018","source":"基礎","translation":"basis; foundation","reading":"きそ","words":[{"text":"基礎","gloss":"foundation","reading":"きそ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"--から--に至るまで","gloss":"from -- to --"},{"word":"友禅染","gloss":"YUUZEN process printed silk"},{"word":"清水焼","gloss":"Kiyomizu China"},{"word":"日本酒","gloss":"sake"},{"word":"水産業","gloss":"marine industry"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Timber, gorges and pearl farms · Word list 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Timber, pearl farms, and visits","paragraphs":["These words cover timber, coastal features, pearl farming, and visits.","*ひのき* means \"Japanese Cypress\", and *良材* means \"good timber\".","*養殖場* can mean \"a farm\" or \"nursery\".","*おとずれ* means \"visit\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.019","source":"--の基礎となる","translation":"form the foundation of --","reading":"--のきそとなる","words":[{"text":"--の基礎となる","gloss":"form the foundation of","reading":"--のきそとなる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.019.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.020","source":"ひのき","translation":"Japanese Cypress","reading":"ひのき","words":[{"text":"ひのき","gloss":"Japanese cypress"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.020.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.021","source":"良材","translation":"good timber","reading":"りょうざい","words":[{"text":"良材","gloss":"good timber","reading":"りょうざい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.021.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.022","source":"---は言うまでもなく","translation":"needless to say about ---","reading":"---はいうまでもなく","words":[{"text":"---は言うまでもなく","gloss":"needless to say about","reading":"---はいうまでもなく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.022.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.023","source":"峡谷","translation":"gorge; ravine; canyon","reading":"きょうこく","words":[{"text":"峡谷","gloss":"gorge","reading":"きょうこく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.023.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.024","source":"入りこみ","translation":"indentation","reading":"いりこみ","words":[{"text":"入りこみ","gloss":"indentation","reading":"いりこみ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.024.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.025","source":"養殖場","translation":"breeding ground; a farm; nursery","reading":"ようしょくじょう","words":[{"text":"養殖場","gloss":"breeding ground","reading":"ようしょくじょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.025.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.026","source":"--と共に","translation":"together with ---","reading":"--とともに","words":[{"text":"--と共に","gloss":"together with","reading":"--とともに"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.026.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L128.w.027","source":"おとずれ","translation":"visit","reading":"おとずれ","words":[{"text":"おとずれ","gloss":"visit"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L128.w.027.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":6,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation and Exercise\n\n1 Topics:\n\na Make conversation with your classmates on the following topics.\n\n(1) The Kinki region in general, with particular emphasis on Kyoto and Nara,\n\n(2) Industry in this region.\n\n(3) Sightseeing places—Lake Biwa, Ama-no-hashidate, Ago Bay, Ise-Shima National park.\n\n2 Exercise:\n\na 次の文章を日本語に訳してください。\n\n(1) The historic remains and famous shrines and temples of Kyoto and Nara are much appreciated by tourists from foreign countries.\n\n(2) Kobe, as the number-one trading port in Japan, is competing against Yokohama.\n\n(3) Marine industry and forestry form the foundation of livelihood for the people of Kii peninsula.\n\n(4) The vicinity of Ago Bay is the seashore that has the most indentations in Japan."},{"section":7,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Study the Narration thoroughly and memorize the vocabulary,\n\n2 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given.\n\n3 Learn to read and write the new Kanji.\n\n4 Read the Cultural Notes."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"--の基礎となる","gloss":"form the foundation of --"},{"word":"ひのき","gloss":"Japanese Cypress"},{"word":"---は言うまでもなく","gloss":"needless to say about ---"},{"word":"養殖場","gloss":"breeding ground; a farm; nursery"},{"word":"--と共に","gloss":"together with ---"}],"paradigms":[]}]}