{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L130","title":"Lesson 130","stage":"Narration and the written language","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 130: foreign contact and regional climate · narration 1 of 3, rainfall, crops, trade history and coastal climates · questions 1 of 3, rain, coal, foreign contact and vegetation words · word list 1 of 2, farming.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/128","lines":70},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/127","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/129","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Foreign contact and regional climate · Narration 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A gateway to Japan","paragraphs":["*九州は 日本の 西の はしに あり、大陸に 近いので、古くから 大陸文明の 入口になっていた* places Kyushu at Japan's western end, close to the continent. It says Kyushu has long been a gateway for continental civilization.","Kyushu also faced invasions and received Christianity. After Japan closed the country, only *長崎* remained a trading port and a gateway for Western learning.","The passage then contrasts Kyushu's mild south with the different climates of its regions."]},{"title":"Nagasaki after the war","paragraphs":["*長崎だけが 貿易港として 許され* means \"only Nagasaki was permitted to serve as a trading port.\" *Nagasaki* is Japan's oldest open port.","During World War II, *Nagasaki* and *Hiroshima* were atom-bombed. The city was almost completely demolished.","The restored city became prosperous again. Its specialties include tortoise-shell ware, pearls, coral, porcelain, embroidery, miniature vessels, sponge cakes, and fruit."]},{"title":"Kanji: 許, 暖","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 青","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L130.rd.001","source":"九州は 日本の 西の はしに あり、大陸に 近いので、古くから 大陸文明の 入口になっていた。","translation":"Kyushu is at the western end of Japan, and because it is close to the continent, it has long been a gateway for continental civilization.","reading":"きゅうしゅうはにほんのにしのはしにあり、たいりくにちかいので、ふるくからたいりくぶんめいのいりぐちになっていた。","words":[{"text":"九州","gloss":"Kyushu","reading":"きゅうしゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"西","gloss":"west","reading":"にし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"はし","gloss":"end"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"あり、","gloss":"is located"},{"text":"大陸","gloss":"continent","reading":"たいりく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"近い","gloss":"close","reading":"ちかい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"古く","gloss":"long ago","reading":"ふるく"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"大陸","gloss":"continental civilization","reading":"たいりく"},{"text":"文明","gloss":"continental civilization","reading":"ぶんめい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"入口","gloss":"gateway","reading":"いりぐち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"had become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"had become"},{"text":"い","gloss":"had become"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"had become"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L130.rd.002","source":"十三世紀のころ クビライ カンが 二度も 攻めて 来たのも 九州であったし、キリスト教が はいって 来たのも 九州であった。","translation":"It was also Kyushu that Kublai Khan attacked twice around the thirteenth century, and it was Kyushu where Christianity first entered Japan.","reading":"じゅうさんせいきのころクビライカンがにどもせめてきたのもきゅうしゅうであったし、キリストきょうがはいってきたのもきゅうしゅうであった。","words":[{"text":"十","gloss":"thirteen","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"三","gloss":"thirteen","reading":"さん"},{"text":"世紀","gloss":"century","reading":"せいき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ころ","gloss":"around"},{"text":"クビライ","gloss":"Kublai"},{"text":"カン","gloss":"Khan"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"二","gloss":"twice","reading":"に"},{"text":"度","gloss":"twice","reading":"ど"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"攻め","gloss":"came to attack","reading":"せめ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"came to attack"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came to attack","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"came to attack"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"九州","gloss":"Kyushu","reading":"きゅうしゅう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"was"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"キリスト","gloss":"Christianity"},{"text":"教","gloss":"Christianity","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"はいっ","gloss":"came in"},{"text":"て","gloss":"came in"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came in","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"came in"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"九州","gloss":"was","reading":"きゅうしゅう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"was"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L130.rd.003","source":"江戸時代になって 日本が 鎖国してからは、長崎だけが 貿易港として 許され、西洋の 学問の ただ一つの 入口となっていた。","translation":"After Japan closed the country in the Edo period, only Nagasaki was permitted to serve as a trading port, and it became the sole gateway for Western learning.","reading":"えどじだいになってにほんがさこくしてからは、ながさきだけがぼうえきこうとしてゆるされ、せいようのがくもんのただひとつのいりぐちとなっていた。","words":[{"text":"江戸","gloss":"Edo period","reading":"えど"},{"text":"時代","gloss":"Edo period","reading":"じだい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て","gloss":"became"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"鎖国","gloss":"national isolation","reading":"さこく"},{"text":"し","gloss":"did"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and then"},{"text":"から","gloss":"after"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"長崎","gloss":"Nagasaki","reading":"ながさき"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"貿易","gloss":"trading port","reading":"ぼうえき"},{"text":"港","gloss":"trading port","reading":"こう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"as"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"許さ","gloss":"was permitted","reading":"ゆるさ"},{"text":"れ、","gloss":"was permitted"},{"text":"西洋","gloss":"Western","reading":"せいよう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"学問","gloss":"learning","reading":"がくもん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ただ","gloss":"solely"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"入口","gloss":"gateway","reading":"いりぐち"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"had become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"had become"},{"text":"い","gloss":"had become"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"had become"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L130.rd.004","source":"勉強したい 人々は 全国から 長崎に 集まって来た。","translation":"People who wanted to study came to Nagasaki from all over the country.","reading":"べんきょうしたいひとびとはぜんこくからながさきにあつまってきた。","words":[{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"wanted to"},{"text":"人々","gloss":"people","reading":"ひとびと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"全国","gloss":"whole country","reading":"ぜんこく"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"長崎","gloss":"Nagasaki","reading":"ながさき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"集まっ","gloss":"gathered","reading":"あつまっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"gathered"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L130.rd.005","source":"九州は 気候が 温暖で、特に 南部は 冬も 暖く、宮崎県の 青島は びろう など 三百種余りの 亜熱帯性","translation":"Kyushu has a mild climate, and the southern part in particular is warm even in winter; Aoshima in Miyazaki Prefecture has more than three hundred species of subtropical plants, including the Chinese fan palm.","reading":"きゅうしゅうはきこうがおんだんで、とくになんぶはふゆもあたたかく、みやざきけんのあおしまはびろうなどさんびゃくしゅあまりのあねったいせい","words":[{"text":"九州","gloss":"Kyushu","reading":"きゅうしゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"気候","gloss":"climate","reading":"きこう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"温暖","gloss":"mild","reading":"おんだん"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"特に","gloss":"especially","reading":"とくに"},{"text":"南部","gloss":"southern part","reading":"なんぶ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"冬","gloss":"winter","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"暖く、","gloss":"warm","reading":"あたたかく"},{"text":"宮崎","gloss":"Miyazaki Prefecture","reading":"みやざき"},{"text":"県","gloss":"Miyazaki Prefecture","reading":"けん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"青島","gloss":"Aoshima","reading":"あおしま"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"びろう","gloss":"Chinese fan palm"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"三百","gloss":"three hundred","reading":"さんびゃく"},{"text":"種","gloss":"species","reading":"しゅ"},{"text":"余り","gloss":"more than","reading":"あまり"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"亜","gloss":"subtropical","reading":"あ"},{"text":"熱帯","gloss":"subtropical","reading":"ねったい"},{"text":"性","gloss":"subtropical","reading":"せい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L130.rd.006","source":"植物が しげっているので 有名である。","translation":"It is famous for its luxuriant vegetation.","reading":"しょくぶつがしげっているのでゆうめいである。","words":[{"text":"植物","gloss":"vegetation","reading":"しょくぶつ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"しげっ","gloss":"grows luxuriantly"},{"text":"て","gloss":"grows luxuriantly"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"grows luxuriantly"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で","gloss":"because"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L130.rd.007","source":"しかし九州も 地域によって 気候は ずい分 ちがっている。","translation":"However, the climate in Kyushu also differs considerably from one region to another.","reading":"しかしきゅうしゅうもちいきによってきこうはずいぶんちがっている。","words":[{"text":"しかし","gloss":"however"},{"text":"九州","gloss":"Kyushu","reading":"きゅうしゅう"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"地域","gloss":"region","reading":"ちいき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"気候","gloss":"climate","reading":"きこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"considerably"},{"text":"ちがっ","gloss":"differs"},{"text":"て","gloss":"differs"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"differs"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.rd.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"1 Kita-Kyuushuu City: Five cities of northern Kyuushuu, namely, Moji, Kokura, Yawata, Tobata and Wakamatsu, accomplished a very unique merger on equal terms into “Kita-Kyuushuu City,” the seventh largest city in Japan, which made a fresh start on February 10, 1963. In order to build up a truly great modern city, the new-born Kita-Kyuushuu City is now zealously pushing forward its construction plans making the most of the characteristics of each of the component ex-cities."},{"section":2,"text":"2 Beppu Spa Beppu is known throughout Japan for its hot springs, which include alkaline, sulphur, iron, and carbonated baths. Some of the hot springs are blood red in color, others are blue. There are also hot sand baths on the beach where people half bury themselves in the sand. There are more than 300 hotels and inns."},{"section":3,"text":"3 Nagasaki Nagasaki is the oldest open port in Japan. During World War II, Nagasaki, together with Hiroshima, was atom-bombed, and almost completely demolished. One of the hardest hit sections was the district around the Catholic cathedral at Urakami. Restoration of the city has been remarkable, and again it has become a thriving, prosperous city that was. Specialties of Nagasaki are tortoise-shell ware, pearls, coral, porcelain, embroidery, miniature model vessels, kasutera (sponge cakes), and fruit."},{"section":4,"text":"4 KIRISHIMA YAKU National Park Kirishima National Park, with an area of 53,000 acres, comprises the Kirishima Range consisting of some 23 peaks. The range extends nearly 10 miles between the two outstanding peaks, Takachiho-no-mine on the east and Karakuni-dake on the west. In its vast bosom are found all the striking features of volcanic mountain scenery, craters, lakes, cascades, forests, hot springs, rare plants and flowers. In June 1964, Kinkoowan quasi-National park in Kagoshima was incorporated into Kirishima National Park and renamed as KIRISHIMA YAKU National Park increasing the area to 136,480 acres."},{"section":5,"text":"5 ASO NATIONAL PARK Aso National park includes two most interesting groups of mountains, volcanic Mt. Aso and Mt. Kujuu. It covers an area of about 168,000 acres in Kumamoto and Oita Prefectures. Mt. Aso, the chief attraction of this national park, is not the highest mountain in Kyuushuu, nor is it famed for its beauty of symmetry. But, it is a typical, awe-inspiring volcano, and around its five peaks is the world’s greatest crater basin which marks its original crater."},{"section":6,"text":"6 UNZEN-AMAKUSA National Park The Unzen-Amakusa National Park covers an area of 63,259 acres, including the Amakusa island group, the central part of the Shimabara peninsula, the lovely picturesque waters of Ariake Bay on the north, Chijiwa Bay on the west. Mt. Unzen, an inactive volcano, the central feature of the park, consists of several peaks. Panoramic views from these peaks are particularly impressive because of the unusual scenery of the peninsula. The seasonal aspects of Mt. Unzen deserve particular mention, for among its glories are the splendid display of azaleas in May, the brilliant foliage of the maples in autumn, and the “silver thaw” in winter, when the trees are coated with ice."},{"section":7,"text":"7 Imari China Arita has long been noted for its pottery, which was introduced in 1592 by a Korean potter. After the great improvements introduced by the Japanese artists, these wares soon attracted the attention of Dutch traders in Nagasaki, who exported them in large quantities. Today these wares are known as Imariyaki because these wares are exported from the port Imari although Imari was not a place of manufacture."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"西","gloss":"west"},{"word":"はし","gloss":"chopsticks"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"大陸","gloss":"continent"},{"word":"近い","gloss":"near, close"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"入口","gloss":"entrance"},{"word":"い","gloss":"stomach"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"ころ","gloss":"season"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"も","gloss":"as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"し、","gloss":"city"},{"word":"時代","gloss":"era, period"},{"word":"だけ","gloss":"only, just (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"港","gloss":"port, harbor"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"西洋","gloss":"occident, the West"},{"word":"学問","gloss":"learning; education"},{"word":"ただ","gloss":"merely"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"人々","gloss":"people"},{"word":"全国","gloss":"entire country"},{"word":"温暖","gloss":"warm"},{"word":"南部","gloss":"southern part or portion"},{"word":"冬","gloss":"winter"},{"word":"県","gloss":"prefecture (See Cultural Notes)"},{"word":"びろう","gloss":"palm tree"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"三百","gloss":"300"},{"word":"植物","gloss":"plant; vegetation"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ある。","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"しかし","gloss":"however, but"},{"word":"ずい分","gloss":"very much"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Rainfall, farming and heavy industry · Narration 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Rainfall, farming, and industry","paragraphs":["*九州は 大体 六月と 九月とに 雨が 多く* means \"Kyushu generally gets much rain in June and September.\" Typhoons often arrive in early September.","The passage divides Kyushu into an industrial north, a rice-farming center, and a south centered on dry-field farming.","The northern coastal zone produces coal, iron, steel, ships, cement, glass, and sugar."]},{"title":"Five cities made one","paragraphs":["*門司から 小倉、戸畑、八幡、若松と 続く* names five northern coastal cities: *Moji*, *Kokura*, *Tobata*, *Yawata*, and *Wakamatsu*.","The five cities joined on equal terms as *Kita-Kyuushuu* City. The new city was Japan's seventh largest. It made a fresh start on February 10, 1963."]},{"title":"Kanji: 賀","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L130.rd.008","source":"瀬戸内海に 面した 地方は 春に 雨が 多いが、冬は 乾燥して 晴天が 続く。","translation":"The region facing the Seto Inland Sea gets a lot of rain in spring, but winter is dry, with continued clear weather.","reading":"せとないかいにめんしたちほうははるにあめがおおいが、ふゆはかんそうしてせいてんがつづく。","words":[{"text":"瀬戸","gloss":"Seto Inland Sea","reading":"せと"},{"text":"内海","gloss":"Seto Inland Sea","reading":"ないかい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"面し","gloss":"faces","reading":"めんし"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"region","reading":"ちほう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"春","gloss":"spring","reading":"はる"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"abundant","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"冬","gloss":"winter","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"乾燥","gloss":"dry","reading":"かんそう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"晴天","gloss":"clear weather","reading":"せいてん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"続く。","gloss":"continues","reading":"つづく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L130.rd.009","source":"対馬海峡に 面した 地方は、冬は 曇天の日が 多く、丁度 中国地方の 日本海岸に 似ている。","translation":"The region facing the Tsushima Strait has many cloudy days in winter and closely resembles the Sea of Japan coast of the Chugoku region.","reading":"つしまかいきょうにめんしたちほうは、ふゆはどんてんのひがおおく、ちょうどちゅうごくちほうのにほんかいがんににている。","words":[{"text":"対馬","gloss":"Tsushima Strait","reading":"つしま"},{"text":"海峡","gloss":"Tsushima Strait","reading":"かいきょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"面し","gloss":"faces","reading":"めんし"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"region","reading":"ちほう"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"冬","gloss":"winter","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"曇天","gloss":"cloudy sky","reading":"どんてん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多く、","gloss":"many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"丁度","gloss":"just","reading":"ちょうど"},{"text":"中国","gloss":"Chugoku region","reading":"ちゅうごく"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"Chugoku region","reading":"ちほう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Sea of Japan coast"},{"text":"海岸","gloss":"Sea of Japan coast"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"似","gloss":"resembles"},{"text":"て","gloss":"resembles"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"resembles"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L130.rd.010","source":"九州は 大体 六月と 九月とに 雨が 多く、梅雨の 量は 多い。","translation":"Kyushu generally gets a lot of rain in June and September, and the rainfall during the rainy season is heavy.","reading":"きゅうしゅうはだいたいろくがつとくがつとにあめがおおく、ばいうのりょうはおおい。","words":[{"text":"九州","gloss":"Kyushu","reading":"きゅうしゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大体","gloss":"generally"},{"text":"六","gloss":"June"},{"text":"月","gloss":"June"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"九","gloss":"September"},{"text":"月","gloss":"September"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多く、","gloss":"abundant","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"梅雨","gloss":"rainy season","reading":"ばいう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"量","gloss":"amount","reading":"りょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"多い。","gloss":"large","reading":"おおい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L130.rd.011","source":"九月の 初めごろ おそって来る 台風も よく 九州に 上陸する。","translation":"Typhoons that strike around the beginning of September also often make landfall in Kyushu.","reading":"くがつのはじめごろおそってくるたいふうもよくきゅうしゅうにじょうりくする。","words":[{"text":"九","gloss":"September"},{"text":"月","gloss":"September"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"初めごろ","gloss":"around the beginning","reading":"はじめごろ"},{"text":"おそっ","gloss":"strike"},{"text":"て","gloss":"strike"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"strike","reading":"くる"},{"text":"台風","gloss":"typhoons","reading":"たいふう"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"often"},{"text":"九州","gloss":"Kyushu","reading":"きゅうしゅう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"上陸","gloss":"make landfall","reading":"じょうりく"},{"text":"する。","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L130.rd.012","source":"九州は 産業の 上から見て、工業の 北九州、水田農業の 中九州、畑作中心の 南九州と わける事が 出来る。","translation":"From the standpoint of industry, Kyushu can be divided into industrial northern Kyushu, rice-farming central Kyushu, and southern Kyushu, where dry-field farming predominates.","reading":"きゅうしゅうはさんぎょうのうえからみて、こうぎょうのきたきゅうしゅう、すいでんのうぎょうのなかきゅうしゅう、はたさくちゅうしんのみなみきゅうしゅうとわけることができる。","words":[{"text":"九州","gloss":"Kyushu","reading":"きゅうしゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"産業","gloss":"industry","reading":"さんぎょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"上","gloss":"standpoint","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"見","gloss":"viewed","reading":"み"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"viewed"},{"text":"工業","gloss":"industrial","reading":"こうぎょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"北九州、","gloss":"northern Kyushu","reading":"きたきゅうしゅう"},{"text":"水田","gloss":"rice farming","reading":"すいでん"},{"text":"農業","gloss":"rice farming","reading":"のうぎょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中","gloss":"central Kyushu","reading":"なか"},{"text":"九州、","gloss":"central Kyushu","reading":"きゅうしゅう"},{"text":"畑作","gloss":"dry-field farming","reading":"はたさく"},{"text":"中心","gloss":"centered","reading":"ちゅうしん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"南","gloss":"southern Kyushu","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"九州","gloss":"southern Kyushu","reading":"きゅうしゅう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"わける","gloss":"divide"},{"text":"事","gloss":"fact","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来る。","gloss":"can","reading":"できる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.rd.012.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L130.rd.013","source":"北九州は 大体 福岡、佐賀、長崎の 三県を ふくんでいて、門司から 小倉、","translation":"Northern Kyushu includes roughly the three prefectures of Fukuoka, Saga, and Nagasaki, and extends from Moji to Kokura.","reading":"きたきゅうしゅうはだいたいふくおか、さが、ながさきのさんけんをふくんでいて、もじからこくら、","words":[{"text":"北九州","gloss":"northern Kyushu","reading":"きたきゅうしゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大体","gloss":"roughly","reading":"だいたい"},{"text":"福岡、","gloss":"Fukuoka","reading":"ふくおか"},{"text":"佐賀、","gloss":"Saga","reading":"さが"},{"text":"長崎","gloss":"Nagasaki","reading":"ながさき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three prefectures","reading":"さん"},{"text":"県","gloss":"three prefectures","reading":"けん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ふくん","gloss":"includes"},{"text":"で","gloss":"includes"},{"text":"い","gloss":"includes"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"includes"},{"text":"門司","gloss":"Moji","reading":"もじ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"小倉、","gloss":"Kokura","reading":"こくら"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.rd.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L130.rd.014","source":"戸畑、八幡、若松と 続く 北部の 海岸都市を ふくんだ 地域は 北九州工業地帯として 知られ、鉱業（石炭）、製鉄、製鋼業、造船業、セメント、ガラス、製糖業などが 主なものである。","translation":"The area that includes the northern coastal cities of Tobata, Yahata, and Wakamatsu is known as the Northern Kyushu Industrial Zone, and its principal industries include mining (coal), ironmaking, steelmaking, shipbuilding, cement, glass, and sugar refining.","reading":"とばた、やわた、わかまつとつづくほくぶのかいがんとしをふくんだちいきはきたきゅうしゅうこうぎょうちたいとしてしられ、こうぎょう（せきたん）、せいてつ、せいこうぎょう、ぞうせんぎょう、セメント、ガラス、せいとうぎょうなどがおもなものである。","words":[{"text":"戸畑、","gloss":"Tobata","reading":"とばた"},{"text":"八幡、","gloss":"Yahata","reading":"やわた"},{"text":"若松","gloss":"Wakamatsu","reading":"わかまつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"続く","gloss":"continue","reading":"つづく"},{"text":"北部","gloss":"northern","reading":"ほくぶ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"海岸","gloss":"coastal cities","reading":"かいがん"},{"text":"都市","gloss":"coastal cities","reading":"とし"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ふくん","gloss":"includes"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"includes"},{"text":"地域","gloss":"area","reading":"ちいき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"北九州","gloss":"Northern Kyushu Industrial Zone","reading":"きたきゅうしゅう"},{"text":"工業","gloss":"Northern Kyushu Industrial Zone","reading":"こうぎょう"},{"text":"地帯","gloss":"Northern Kyushu Industrial Zone","reading":"ちたい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"as"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"知ら","gloss":"is known","reading":"しら"},{"text":"れ、","gloss":"is known"},{"text":"鉱業","gloss":"mining"},{"text":"（石炭）、","gloss":"coal"},{"text":"製鉄、","gloss":"ironmaking"},{"text":"製鋼","gloss":"steelmaking"},{"text":"業、","gloss":"steelmaking"},{"text":"造船","gloss":"shipbuilding"},{"text":"業、","gloss":"shipbuilding"},{"text":"セメント、","gloss":"cement"},{"text":"ガラス、","gloss":"glass"},{"text":"製糖","gloss":"sugar refining","reading":"せいとう"},{"text":"業","gloss":"sugar refining","reading":"ぎょう"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"主な","gloss":"principal","reading":"おもな"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"で","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.rd.014.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"地方","gloss":"country, region"},{"word":"春","gloss":"spring"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"晴天","gloss":"fine v?eather; clear sky"},{"word":"海峡","gloss":"strait"},{"word":"曇天","gloss":"cloudy sky"},{"word":"多く、","gloss":"many of them"},{"word":"中国","gloss":"China"},{"word":"海岸","gloss":"coast, shore"},{"word":"いる。","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"六","gloss":"six"},{"word":"月","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"九","gloss":"nine"},{"word":"梅雨","gloss":"rainy season"},{"word":"量","gloss":"amount (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"台風","gloss":"typhoon"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"産業","gloss":"industry"},{"word":"工業","gloss":"manufacturing industry"},{"word":"水田","gloss":"rice field, paddy"},{"word":"農業","gloss":"agriculture"},{"word":"畑作","gloss":"dry field farming"},{"word":"南","gloss":"south"},{"word":"出来る。","gloss":"to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"北部","gloss":"the north, northern part"},{"word":"都市","gloss":"city"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"地帯","gloss":"zone"},{"word":"鉱業","gloss":"mining industry"},{"word":"（石炭）、","gloss":"coal"},{"word":"製鉄、","gloss":"iron manufacture"},{"word":"ガラス、","gloss":"glass"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Crops, crafts, fisheries and resorts · Narration 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Crafts, fisheries, and hot springs","paragraphs":["*福岡は 博多人形の 産地、有田は 伊万里焼の 産地として 有名である* says Fukuoka is famous for Hakata dolls and Arita for Imari ware.","The passage also covers distinctive crops, fishing grounds, hot springs, and national parks.","*観光地としては、東の 熱海と 共に 日本でも 指折りの 温泉地である 別府温泉* presents Beppu as one of Japan's foremost hot-spring resorts.","*Beppu* has alkaline, sulphur, iron, and carbonated baths. On the beach, people half bury themselves in hot sand baths."]},{"title":"The Kirishima peaks","paragraphs":["The list of tourist destinations includes *霧島屋久国立公園*. The park contains the *Kirishima* Range and its 23 peaks.","The range extends nearly 10 miles from *Takachiho-no-mine* to *Karakuni-dake*. Its scenery includes craters, lakes, cascades, forests, and hot springs.","The park expanded in June 1964 and became *KIRISHIMA YAKU* National Park. Its area grew to 136,480 acres."]},{"title":"Kanji: 諸, 指","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L130.rd.015","source":"北九州の 石炭の 産額は 日本第一で、全産額の 五十五パーセント 以上に およんでいる。","translation":"Northern Kyushu ranks first in Japan in coal output, accounting for more than fifty-five percent of the country’s total production.","reading":"きたきゅうしゅうのせきたんのさんがくはにほんだいいちで、ぜんさんがくのごじゅうごパーセントいじょうにおよんでいる。","words":[{"text":"北九州","gloss":"northern Kyushu","reading":"きたきゅうしゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"石炭","gloss":"coal","reading":"せきたん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"産額","gloss":"output","reading":"さんがく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"first in Japan"},{"text":"第","gloss":"first in Japan"},{"text":"一","gloss":"first in Japan"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"全","gloss":"total output","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"産額","gloss":"total output","reading":"さんがく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"五十","gloss":"fifty-five","reading":"ごじゅう"},{"text":"五","gloss":"fifty-five","reading":"ご"},{"text":"パーセント","gloss":"percent"},{"text":"以上","gloss":"more than","reading":"いじょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"およん","gloss":"accounts for"},{"text":"で","gloss":"accounts for"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"accounts for"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.rd.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L130.rd.016","source":"農業では 米、麦、甘藷（さつまいも）などを 主に 産している。","translation":"In agriculture, it mainly produces rice, barley, and sweet potatoes.","reading":"のうぎょうではこめ、むぎ、かんしょ（さつまいも）などをおもにさんしている。","words":[{"text":"農業","gloss":"agriculture","reading":"のうぎょう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米、","gloss":"rice"},{"text":"麦、","gloss":"barley"},{"text":"甘藷","gloss":"sweet potato"},{"text":"（さつま","gloss":"sweet potato"},{"text":"いも）","gloss":"sweet potato"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"主に","gloss":"mainly","reading":"おもに"},{"text":"産し","gloss":"produces","reading":"さんし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"produces"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"produces"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.rd.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L130.rd.017","source":"特色のある 作物として 鹿児島の 桜島大根、南西諸島に 多い さとうきび などがある。","translation":"Distinctive crops include the Sakurajima daikon radish of Kagoshima and the sugarcane widely grown in the Nansei Islands.","reading":"とくしょくのあるさくもつとしてかごしまのさくらじまだいこん、なんせいしょとうにおおいさとうきびなどがある。","words":[{"text":"特色","gloss":"distinctive","reading":"とくしょく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"having"},{"text":"作物","gloss":"crops","reading":"さくもつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"as"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"鹿児島","gloss":"Kagoshima","reading":"かごしま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"桜島","gloss":"Sakurajima radish","reading":"さくらじま"},{"text":"大根、","gloss":"Sakurajima radish","reading":"だいこん"},{"text":"南西","gloss":"Nansei Islands","reading":"なんせい"},{"text":"諸島","gloss":"Nansei Islands","reading":"しょとう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"abundant","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"sugarcane"},{"text":"とうきび","gloss":"sugarcane"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.rd.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L130.rd.018","source":"福岡は 博多人形の 産地、有田は 伊万里焼の 産地として 有名である。","translation":"Fukuoka is famous as a production center for Hakata dolls, and Arita as a production center for Imari ware.","reading":"ふくおかははかたにんぎょうのさんち、ありたはいまりやきのさんちとしてゆうめいである。","words":[{"text":"福岡","gloss":"Fukuoka","reading":"ふくおか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"博多","gloss":"Hakata dolls","reading":"はかた"},{"text":"人形","gloss":"Hakata dolls","reading":"にんぎょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"産地、","gloss":"production center","reading":"さんち"},{"text":"有田","gloss":"Arita","reading":"ありた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"伊万里","gloss":"Imari ware","reading":"いまり"},{"text":"焼","gloss":"Imari ware","reading":"やき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"産地","gloss":"production center","reading":"さんち"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"as"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.rd.018.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L130.rd.019","source":"長崎県の 五島列島や 壱岐、対馬は 盛んな 漁場で、するめで 知られている。","translation":"The Goto Islands, Iki, and Tsushima in Nagasaki Prefecture are productive fishing grounds and are known for dried squid.","reading":"ながさきけんのごとうれっとうやいき、つしまはさかんなぎょじょうで、するめでしられている。","words":[{"text":"長崎","gloss":"Nagasaki Prefecture","reading":"ながさき"},{"text":"県","gloss":"Nagasaki Prefecture","reading":"けん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"五島","gloss":"Goto Islands","reading":"ごとう"},{"text":"列島","gloss":"Goto Islands","reading":"れっとう"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"壱岐、","gloss":"Iki","reading":"いき"},{"text":"対馬","gloss":"Tsushima","reading":"つしま"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"盛ん","gloss":"productive","reading":"さかん"},{"text":"な","gloss":"productive"},{"text":"漁場","gloss":"fishing grounds"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"するめ","gloss":"dried squid"},{"text":"で","gloss":"for"},{"text":"知ら","gloss":"are known","reading":"しら"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"are known"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are known"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"are known"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.rd.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L130.rd.020","source":"観光地としては、東の 熱海と 共に 日本でも 指折りの 温泉地である 別府温泉、阿蘇国立公園、雲仙天草国立公園、西海国立公園、霧島屋久国立公園などが ある。","translation":"Tourist destinations include Beppu Hot Springs, one of Japan’s foremost hot-spring resorts along with Atami in the east, as well as Aso National Park, Unzen-Amakusa National Park, Saikai National Park, and Kirishima-Yaku National Park.","reading":"かんこうちとしては、ひがしのあたみとともににほんでもゆびおりのおんせんちであるべっぷおんせん、あそこくりつこうえん、うんぜんあまくさこくりつこうえん、さいかいこくりつこうえん、きりしまやくこくりつこうえんなどがある。","words":[{"text":"観光","gloss":"tourist destinations","reading":"かんこう"},{"text":"地","gloss":"tourist destinations","reading":"ち"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"as"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"東","gloss":"east","reading":"ひがし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"熱海","gloss":"Atami","reading":"あたみ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"共","gloss":"together","reading":"とも"},{"text":"に","gloss":"together"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"指折り","gloss":"foremost","reading":"ゆびおり"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"温泉","gloss":"hot-spring resort","reading":"おんせん"},{"text":"地","gloss":"hot-spring resort","reading":"ち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"is"},{"text":"別府","gloss":"Beppu Hot Springs","reading":"べっぷ"},{"text":"温泉、","gloss":"Beppu Hot Springs","reading":"おんせん"},{"text":"阿蘇","gloss":"Aso National Park","reading":"あそ"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"Aso National Park","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園、","gloss":"Aso National Park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"雲仙","gloss":"Unzen-Amakusa National Park","reading":"うんぜん"},{"text":"天草","gloss":"Unzen-Amakusa National Park","reading":"あまくさ"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"Unzen-Amakusa National Park","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園、","gloss":"Unzen-Amakusa National Park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"西海","gloss":"Saikai National Park","reading":"さいかい"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"Saikai National Park","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園、","gloss":"Saikai National Park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"霧島","gloss":"Kirishima-Yaku National Park","reading":"きりしま"},{"text":"屋久","gloss":"Kirishima-Yaku National Park","reading":"やく"},{"text":"国立","gloss":"Kirishima-Yaku National Park","reading":"こくりつ"},{"text":"公園","gloss":"Kirishima-Yaku National Park","reading":"こうえん"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.rd.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L130.rd.021","source":"九州地方は 行政的には 福岡県、佐賀県、長崎県、大分県、熊本県、宮崎県、鹿児島県に わかれています。","translation":"Administratively, the Kyushu region is divided into Fukuoka, Saga, Nagasaki, Oita, Kumamoto, Miyazaki, and Kagoshima Prefectures.","reading":"きゅうしゅうちほうはぎょうせいてきにはふくおかけん、さがけん、ながさきけん、おおいたけん、くまもとけん、みやざきけん、かごしまけんにわかれています。","words":[{"text":"九州","gloss":"Kyushu region","reading":"きゅうしゅう"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"Kyushu region","reading":"ちほう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"行政","gloss":"administratively","reading":"ぎょうせい"},{"text":"的","gloss":"administratively","reading":"てき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"administratively"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"福岡","gloss":"Fukuoka Prefecture","reading":"ふくおか"},{"text":"県、","gloss":"Fukuoka Prefecture","reading":"けん"},{"text":"佐賀","gloss":"Saga Prefecture","reading":"さが"},{"text":"県、","gloss":"Saga Prefecture","reading":"けん"},{"text":"長崎","gloss":"Nagasaki Prefecture","reading":"ながさき"},{"text":"県、","gloss":"Nagasaki Prefecture","reading":"けん"},{"text":"大分","gloss":"Oita Prefecture","reading":"おおいた"},{"text":"県、","gloss":"Oita Prefecture","reading":"けん"},{"text":"熊本","gloss":"Kumamoto Prefecture","reading":"くまもと"},{"text":"県、","gloss":"Kumamoto Prefecture","reading":"けん"},{"text":"宮崎","gloss":"Miyazaki Prefecture","reading":"みやざき"},{"text":"県、","gloss":"Miyazaki Prefecture","reading":"けん"},{"text":"鹿児島","gloss":"Kagoshima Prefecture","reading":"かごしま"},{"text":"県","gloss":"Kagoshima Prefecture","reading":"けん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"わかれ","gloss":"is divided"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is divided"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is divided"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is divided"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.rd.021.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"石炭","gloss":"coal"},{"word":"産額","gloss":"production; output; yield"},{"word":"五十","gloss":"50"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"パーセント","gloss":"percent"},{"word":"麦、","gloss":"wheat, barley, oats (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"甘藷","gloss":"sweet potato"},{"word":"特色","gloss":"characteristic; feattxre"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"作物","gloss":"farm products; crops"},{"word":"諸島","gloss":"group of islands"},{"word":"産地、","gloss":"production center; an area producing; the home"},{"word":"列島","gloss":"an archipelago"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"漁場","gloss":"fishing ground"},{"word":"するめ","gloss":"dried cuttie fish"},{"word":"東","gloss":"east"},{"word":"別府","gloss":"P.N. (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Trade history and coastal climates · Questions 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"History and coastal climates","paragraphs":["*江戸時代には 長崎は どんな 所でしたか* means \"What kind of place was Nagasaki during the Edo period?\" An answer describes its role as a trading port.","The questions also ask why Kyushu became a continental gateway and when major events occurred.","Other answers describe Kyushu's climate and compare the regions facing the Seto Inland Sea and the Tsushima Strait."]}],"lines":[{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.001","source":"九州地方","translation":"The Kyushu Region","reading":"きゅうしゅうちほう","words":[{"text":"九州","gloss":"Kyushu","reading":"きゅうしゅう"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"region","reading":"ちほう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.001.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.002","source":"九州は なぜ 古くから 大陸文化の 入口になって いましたか。","translation":"Why has Kyushu been a gateway for continental culture since ancient times?","reading":"きゅうしゅうはなぜふるくからたいりくぶんかのいりぐちになっていましたか。","words":[{"text":"九州","gloss":"Kyushu","reading":"きゅうしゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"古く","gloss":"ancient times","reading":"ふるく"},{"text":"から","gloss":"since"},{"text":"大陸","gloss":"continental culture","reading":"たいりく"},{"text":"文化","gloss":"continental culture","reading":"ぶんか"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"入口","gloss":"gateway","reading":"いりぐち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"has been"},{"text":"て","gloss":"has been"},{"text":"い","gloss":"has been"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"has been"},{"text":"た","gloss":"has been"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.002.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.003","source":"クビライ カンが 九州を 攻めて来たのは いつごろでしたか。","translation":"About when did Kublai Khan attack Kyushu?","reading":"クビライカンがきゅうしゅうをせめてきたのはいつごろでしたか。","words":[{"text":"クビライ","gloss":"Kublai Khan"},{"text":"カン","gloss":"Kublai Khan"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"九州","gloss":"Kyushu","reading":"きゅうしゅう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"攻め","gloss":"attacked","reading":"せめ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"attacked"},{"text":"来","gloss":"attacked","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"attacked"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the event"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつごろ","gloss":"about when"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.003.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.004","source":"日本が 鎖国したのは いつごろですか。","translation":"About when did Japan close the country?","reading":"にほんがさこくしたのはいつごろですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"鎖国","gloss":"closed the country","reading":"さこく"},{"text":"し","gloss":"closed the country"},{"text":"た","gloss":"closed the country"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the event"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつごろ","gloss":"about when"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.004.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.005","source":"江戸時代には 長崎は どんな 所でしたか。","translation":"What kind of place was Nagasaki during the Edo period?","reading":"えどじだいにはながさきはどんなところでしたか。","words":[{"text":"江戸","gloss":"Edo period","reading":"えど"},{"text":"時代","gloss":"Edo period","reading":"じだい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"during"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"長崎","gloss":"Nagasaki","reading":"ながさき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.005.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.006","source":"九州の 気候は どんなですか。","translation":"What is the climate of Kyushu like?","reading":"きゅうしゅうのきこうはどんなですか。","words":[{"text":"九州","gloss":"Kyushu","reading":"きゅうしゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"気候","gloss":"climate","reading":"きこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.006.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.007","source":"宮崎県の 青島は どんな 所ですか。","translation":"What kind of place is Aoshima in Miyazaki Prefecture?","reading":"みやざきけんのあおしまはどんなところですか。","words":[{"text":"宮崎","gloss":"Miyazaki Prefecture","reading":"みやざき"},{"text":"県","gloss":"Miyazaki Prefecture","reading":"けん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"青島","gloss":"Aoshima","reading":"あおしま"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.007.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.008","source":"瀬戸内海に 面した 地方の 気候は どんなですか。","translation":"What is the climate like in the region facing the Seto Inland Sea?","reading":"せとないかいにめんしたちほうのきこうはどんなですか。","words":[{"text":"瀬戸","gloss":"Seto Inland Sea","reading":"せと"},{"text":"内海","gloss":"Seto Inland Sea","reading":"ないかい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"面し","gloss":"facing","reading":"めんし"},{"text":"た","gloss":"facing"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"region","reading":"ちほう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"気候","gloss":"climate","reading":"きこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what is it like"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.008.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.009","source":"対馬海峡に面した 地方の 気候は どうですか。","translation":"What is the climate like in the region facing the Tsushima Strait?","reading":"つしまかいきょうにめんしたちほうのきこうはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"対馬","gloss":"Tsushima Strait","reading":"つしま"},{"text":"海峡","gloss":"Tsushima Strait","reading":"かいきょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"面し","gloss":"facing","reading":"めんし"},{"text":"た","gloss":"facing"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"region","reading":"ちほう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"気候","gloss":"climate","reading":"きこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what is it like"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.009.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"なぜ","gloss":"why?"},{"word":"文化","gloss":"culture"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Rain, typhoons, farming and industry · Questions 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Rain, farming, and industry","paragraphs":["*北九州工業地帯の 主な 工業は どんな ものですか* means \"What are the main industries of the Northern Kyushu Industrial Zone?\"","An answer gives a list of the zone's main industries.","The questions also ask when rain and typhoons arrive, what farming each region supports, and which prefectures form northern Kyushu."]}],"lines":[{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.010","source":"九州は 大抵 何月と 何月に 雨が 多いですか。","translation":"In which two months does Kyushu usually get a lot of rain?","reading":"きゅうしゅうはたいていなんがつとなんがつにあめがおおいですか。","words":[{"text":"九州","gloss":"Kyushu","reading":"きゅうしゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually"},{"text":"何","gloss":"which month"},{"text":"月","gloss":"which month"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"何","gloss":"which month","reading":"なん"},{"text":"月","gloss":"which month","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"a lot","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.010.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.011","source":"つゆの 量は どうですか。","translation":"How much rain falls during the rainy season?","reading":"つゆのりょうはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"つゆ","gloss":"rainy season"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"量","gloss":"rainfall amount","reading":"りょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how much"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.011.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.012","source":"何月ごろ 台風が 九州に 上陸しますか。","translation":"Around what month do typhoons make landfall in Kyushu?","reading":"なんがつごろたいふうがきゅうしゅうにじょうりくしますか。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"what month","reading":"なん"},{"text":"月","gloss":"what month","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"ごろ","gloss":"around"},{"text":"台風","gloss":"typhoons","reading":"たいふう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"九州","gloss":"Kyushu","reading":"きゅうしゅう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"上陸","gloss":"make landfall","reading":"じょうりく"},{"text":"し","gloss":"make landfall"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"make landfall"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.012.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.013","source":"北九州は 何が 盛んですか。","translation":"What industry thrives in northern Kyushu?","reading":"きたきゅうしゅうはなにがさかんですか。","words":[{"text":"北九州","gloss":"northern Kyushu","reading":"きたきゅうしゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what industry","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"盛ん","gloss":"thrives","reading":"さかん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.013.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.014","source":"中九州は 何が 盛んですか。","translation":"What kind of farming thrives in central Kyushu?","reading":"なかきゅうしゅうはなにがさかんですか。","words":[{"text":"中","gloss":"central Kyushu","reading":"なか"},{"text":"九州","gloss":"central Kyushu","reading":"きゅうしゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what farming","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"盛ん","gloss":"thrives","reading":"さかん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.014.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.015","source":"南九州は 何が 盛んですか。","translation":"What kind of farming thrives in southern Kyushu?","reading":"みなみきゅうしゅうはなにがさかんですか。","words":[{"text":"南","gloss":"southern Kyushu","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"九州","gloss":"southern Kyushu","reading":"きゅうしゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what farming","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"盛ん","gloss":"thrives","reading":"さかん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.015.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.016","source":"北九州と 言うのは 大体 何県を ふくんでいますか。","translation":"Which prefectures are included, roughly, in what is called northern Kyushu?","reading":"きたきゅうしゅうというのはだいたいなんけんをふくんでいますか。","words":[{"text":"北九州","gloss":"northern Kyushu","reading":"きたきゅうしゅう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the thing"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大体","gloss":"roughly","reading":"だいたい"},{"text":"何","gloss":"which prefectures","reading":"なん"},{"text":"県","gloss":"which prefectures","reading":"けん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ふくん","gloss":"are included"},{"text":"で","gloss":"are included"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are included"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are included"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.016.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.017","source":"北九州工業地帯は 何市を ふくんだ 地域ですか。","translation":"Which cities are included in the Northern Kyushu Industrial Zone?","reading":"きたきゅうしゅうこうぎょうちたいはなんしをふくんだちいきですか。","words":[{"text":"北九州","gloss":"Northern Kyushu Industrial Zone","reading":"きたきゅうしゅう"},{"text":"工業","gloss":"Northern Kyushu Industrial Zone","reading":"こうぎょう"},{"text":"地帯","gloss":"Northern Kyushu Industrial Zone","reading":"ちたい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"which cities","reading":"なん"},{"text":"市","gloss":"which cities","reading":"し"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ふくん","gloss":"included"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"included"},{"text":"地域","gloss":"area","reading":"ちいき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.017.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.018","source":"北九州工業地帯の 主な 工業は どんな ものですか。","translation":"What are the main industries of the Northern Kyushu Industrial Zone?","reading":"きたきゅうしゅうこうぎょうちたいのおもなこうぎょうはどんなものですか。","words":[{"text":"北九州","gloss":"Northern Kyushu Industrial Zone","reading":"きたきゅうしゅう"},{"text":"工業","gloss":"Northern Kyushu Industrial Zone","reading":"こうぎょう"},{"text":"地帯","gloss":"Northern Kyushu Industrial Zone","reading":"ちたい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"主な","gloss":"main","reading":"おもな"},{"text":"工業","gloss":"industries","reading":"こうぎょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kinds of"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"つゆ","gloss":"rainy season (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Coal, produce, crafts and tourism · Questions 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Aso and its crater basin","paragraphs":["*観光地には どんな 所が ありますか* means \"What kinds of tourist destinations are there?\" *Aso* National Park is one answer.","The park covers about 168,000 acres in *Kumamoto* and *Oita* Prefectures. It contains volcanic Mt. *Aso* and Mt. *Kujuu*.","Mt. *Aso* has five peaks. The world's greatest crater basin lies around them."]},{"title":"Mt. Unzen through the seasons","paragraphs":["*観光地には どんな 所が ありますか* also includes *Unzen-Amakusa* National Park among the possible answers.","The park covers 63,259 acres. It includes the *Amakusa* islands, part of the *Shimabara* peninsula, and Mt. *Unzen*.","Mt. *Unzen* has azaleas in May, autumn maples, and winter trees coated with ice."]}],"lines":[{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.019","source":"北九州の 石炭の 産額は どのくらいですか。","translation":"How much coal does northern Kyushu produce?","reading":"きたきゅうしゅうのせきたんのさんがくはどのくらいですか。","words":[{"text":"北九州","gloss":"northern Kyushu","reading":"きたきゅうしゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"石炭","gloss":"coal","reading":"せきたん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"産額","gloss":"production","reading":"さんがく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how much"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"how much"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.019.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.020","source":"農業では どんな 物を 主に 産しますか。","translation":"What products are mainly produced in agriculture?","reading":"のうぎょうではどんなものをおもにさんしますか。","words":[{"text":"農業","gloss":"agriculture","reading":"のうぎょう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"物","gloss":"products","reading":"もの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"主に","gloss":"mainly","reading":"おもに"},{"text":"産し","gloss":"are produced","reading":"さんし"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are produced"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.020.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.021","source":"九州で 特色の ある 作物には どんな 物が ありますか。","translation":"What distinctive crops are there in Kyushu?","reading":"きゅうしゅうでとくしょくのあるさくもつにはどんなものがありますか。","words":[{"text":"九州","gloss":"Kyushu","reading":"きゅうしゅう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"特色","gloss":"distinctive","reading":"とくしょく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"having"},{"text":"作物","gloss":"crops","reading":"さくもつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"物","gloss":"products","reading":"もの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.021.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.022","source":"福岡は 何で 有名ですか。","translation":"What is Fukuoka famous for?","reading":"ふくおかはなんでゆうめいですか。","words":[{"text":"福岡","gloss":"Fukuoka","reading":"ふくおか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"for"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.022.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.023","source":"有田は 何で 有名ですか。","translation":"What is Arita famous for?","reading":"ありたはなんでゆうめいですか。","words":[{"text":"有田","gloss":"Arita","reading":"ありた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"for"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.023.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.024","source":"するめいかの 産地は どこですか。","translation":"Where is dried squid produced?","reading":"するめいかのさんちはどこですか。","words":[{"text":"するめいか","gloss":"dried squid"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"産地","gloss":"production area","reading":"さんち"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.024.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L130.q.025","source":"観光地には どんな 所が ありますか。","translation":"What kinds of tourist destinations are there?","reading":"かんこうちにはどんなところがありますか。","words":[{"text":"観光","gloss":"tourist destinations","reading":"かんこう"},{"text":"地","gloss":"tourist destinations","reading":"ち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kinds of"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.q.025.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"どの","gloss":"which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)"},{"word":"くらい","gloss":"dark"},{"word":"産地","gloss":"production center; an area producing; the home"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Foreign contact and vegetation words · Word list 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Contact, plants, and weather","paragraphs":["These words cover attack and foreign contact, including *攻める*, \"attack,\" and *鎖国する*, \"exclude foreigners.\"","Learning and vegetation include *学問*, \"learning or education,\" and *植物*, \"plant or vegetation.\"","The weather words include *乾燥する*, \"to dry,\" and *晴天*, \"clear sky.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L130.w.001","source":"攻める","translation":"attack; open an attack upon","reading":"せめる","words":[{"text":"攻める","gloss":"attack","reading":"せめる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.w.001.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L130.w.002","source":"攻めて来る","translation":"to invade","reading":"せめてくる","words":[{"text":"攻めて来る","gloss":"invade","reading":"せめてくる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.w.002.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L130.w.003","source":"キリスト教","translation":"Christianity","reading":"キリストきょう","words":[{"text":"キリスト教","gloss":"Christianity","reading":"キリストきょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.w.003.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L130.w.004","source":"鎖国する","translation":"exclude foreigners; close the door to foreigners","reading":"さこくする","words":[{"text":"鎖国する","gloss":"exclude foreigners","reading":"さこくする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.w.004.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L130.w.005","source":"許す","translation":"to permit","reading":"ゆるす","words":[{"text":"許す","gloss":"permit","reading":"ゆるす"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.w.005.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L130.w.006","source":"学問","translation":"learning; education","reading":"がくもん","words":[{"text":"学問","gloss":"learning","reading":"がくもん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.w.006.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L130.w.007","source":"びろう","translation":"palm tree","reading":"びろう","words":[{"text":"びろう","gloss":"palm tree"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.w.007.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L130.w.008","source":"---種","translation":"-- variety (suffix)","reading":"---しゅ","words":[{"text":"---種","gloss":"variety suffix","reading":"---しゅ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.w.008.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L130.w.009","source":"亜熱帯性","translation":"subtropical","reading":"あねったいせい","words":[{"text":"亜熱帯性","gloss":"subtropical","reading":"あねったいせい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.w.009.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L130.w.010","source":"植物","translation":"plant; vegetation","reading":"しょくぶつ","words":[{"text":"植物","gloss":"plant","reading":"しょくぶつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.w.010.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L130.w.011","source":"乾燥する","translation":"to dry","reading":"かんそうする","words":[{"text":"乾燥する","gloss":"dry","reading":"かんそうする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.w.011.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L130.w.012","source":"晴天","translation":"fine v?eather; clear sky","reading":"せいてん","words":[{"text":"晴天","gloss":"clear weather","reading":"せいてん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.w.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"攻める","gloss":"attack; open an attack upon"},{"word":"攻めて来る","gloss":"to invade"},{"word":"キリスト教","gloss":"Christianity"},{"word":"鎖国する","gloss":"exclude foreigners; close the door to foreigners"},{"word":"許す","gloss":"to permit"},{"word":"---種","gloss":"-- variety (suffix)"},{"word":"亜熱帯性","gloss":"subtropical"},{"word":"乾燥する","gloss":"to dry"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Farming, industry and island words · Word list 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Farming, industry, and island products","paragraphs":["The farming and industry words include *畑作*, \"dry-field farming,\" *製鋼業*, \"steel industry,\" and *作物*, \"crops.\"","*伊万里焼* means \"Imari ware.\" A Korean potter introduced pottery to *Arita* in 1592.","Dutch traders in *Nagasaki* exported the ware through *Imari*. The ware took the port's name, though *Imari* did not manufacture it."]}],"lines":[{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L130.w.013","source":"海峡","translation":"strait","reading":"かいきょう","words":[{"text":"海峡","gloss":"strait","reading":"かいきょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.w.013.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L130.w.014","source":"おそう","translation":"attack; hit","reading":"おそう","words":[{"text":"おそう","gloss":"attack"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.w.014.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L130.w.015","source":"畑作","translation":"dry field farming","reading":"はたさく","words":[{"text":"畑作","gloss":"dry field farming","reading":"はたさく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.w.015.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L130.w.016","source":"製鋼業","translation":"steel industry","reading":"せいこうぎょう","words":[{"text":"製鋼業","gloss":"steel industry","reading":"せいこうぎょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.w.016.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L130.w.017","source":"製糖業","translation":"sugar manufacturing Industry","reading":"せいとうぎょう","words":[{"text":"製糖業","gloss":"sugar manufacturing industry","reading":"せいとうぎょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.w.017.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L130.w.018","source":"甘藷","translation":"sweet potato","reading":"かんしょ","words":[{"text":"甘藷","gloss":"sweet potato","reading":"かんしょ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.w.018.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L130.w.019","source":"作物","translation":"farm products; crops","reading":"さくもつ","words":[{"text":"作物","gloss":"crops","reading":"さくもつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.w.019.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L130.w.020","source":"さとうきび","translation":"sugar cane","reading":"さとうきび","words":[{"text":"さとうきび","gloss":"sugar cane"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.w.020.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L130.w.021","source":"伊万里焼","translation":"Imari ware (China)","reading":"いまりやき","words":[{"text":"伊万里焼","gloss":"Imari ware","reading":"いまりやき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.w.021.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L130.w.022","source":"諸島","translation":"group of islands","reading":"しょとう","words":[{"text":"諸島","gloss":"group of islands","reading":"しょとう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.w.022.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L130.w.023","source":"するめ","translation":"dried cuttie fish","reading":"するめ","words":[{"text":"するめ","gloss":"dried cuttlefish"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.w.023.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L130.w.024","source":"指折りの","translation":"leading; outstanding","reading":"ゆびおりの","words":[{"text":"指折りの","gloss":"leading","reading":"ゆびおりの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L130.w.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":8,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation and Exercise\n\n1 Topics;\n\na Converse with your classmates on the following topics in Japanese.\n\n(1) The climate of Kyuushuu.\n\n(2) Sightseeing spots in this region.\n\n(3) Industries of Kyuushuu.\n\n(4) Famous products in this region.\n\n2 Exercise;\n\na 次の文章を 日本語に訳してください。\n\n(1) After Japan closed the door to foreigners, only Nagasaki was permitted as a trading port.\n\n(2) It dries in winter and the fine weather continues.\n\n(3) The typhoon that hits around the beginning of September often lands in Kyuushuu.\n\n(4) Sakurajima radish and sugar cane are peculiar farm products abundant in Nansei Island."},{"section":9,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Study the Narration thoroughly and memorize the vocabulary.\n\n2 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given.\n\n3 Learn to read and write the new Kanji,\n\n4 Read the Cultural Notes,"}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"おそう","gloss":"attack; hit"},{"word":"製鋼業","gloss":"steel industry"},{"word":"製糖業","gloss":"sugar manufacturing Industry"},{"word":"さとうきび","gloss":"sugar cane"},{"word":"伊万里焼","gloss":"Imari ware (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"指折りの","gloss":"leading; outstanding"}],"paradigms":[]}]}