{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L137","title":"Lesson 137","stage":"Narration and the written language","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 137: christianity arrives and faces persecution · narration 1 of 2, christian churches and universities · narration 2 of 2, christianity's arrival and prohibition · questions 1 of 2, church membership and institutions · questions 2 of 2, missionaries, christian bans and denominations · word list 2 of 3, church staff.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/135","lines":62},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/134","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/136","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Christianity arrives and faces persecution · Narration 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Christianity banned and recognized","paragraphs":["*日本に キリスト教が 伝わったのは 西暦一五四九年で、スペイン人の 旧教徒 フランシスコ・ザビエルの 渡来によってである* says Christianity was introduced to Japan in 1549 with Francisco Xavier, a Spanish Catholic.","Christianity flourished for a time. Hideyoshi banned it in 1587, and Christians suffered persecution after the ban.","*一八七三年に ようやく キリスト教信仰の 禁止も とかれ* means that the ban on the Christian faith was finally lifted in 1873."]},{"title":"Kanji: 旧, 宣, 止","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 名, 栄","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L137.rd.001","source":"日本に キリスト教が 伝わったのは 西暦一五四九年で、スペイン人の 旧教徒 フランシスコ・ザビエルの 渡来によってである。","translation":"Christianity was introduced to Japan in A.D. 1549 with the arrival of Francisco Xavier, a Spanish Catholic.","reading":"にほんにキリストきょうがつたわったのはせいれきせんごひゃくよんじゅうきゅうねんで、スペインじんのきゅうきょうとフランシスコ・ザビエルのとらいによってである。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"キリスト","gloss":"Christianity"},{"text":"教","gloss":"Christianity","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"伝わっ","gloss":"introduced","reading":"つたわっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"西暦","gloss":"A.D."},{"text":"一","gloss":"one"},{"text":"五","gloss":"five"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four"},{"text":"九","gloss":"nine"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"in"},{"text":"スペイン","gloss":"Spanish"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Spanish"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"旧教","gloss":"Roman Catholic"},{"text":"徒","gloss":"Roman Catholic"},{"text":"フランシスコ・","gloss":"Francisco Xavier"},{"text":"ザビエル","gloss":"Francisco Xavier"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"渡来","gloss":"arrival"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"means of"},{"text":"て","gloss":"means of"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L137.rd.002","source":"かれに 続いて 熱心な 宣教師が 来朝したので、信徒の 数は 増加し、大名の 中に 洗礼を 受ける 者が 現われ、使節を ローマに 送ったりして、一時は 非常に 栄えた。","translation":"After him, zealous missionaries came to Japan, so the number of believers increased, some feudal lords were baptized, and envoys were sent to Rome, and for a time Christianity flourished greatly.","reading":"かれにつづいてねっしんなせんきょうしがらいちょうしたので、しんとのかずはぞうかし、だいみょうのなかにせんれいをうけるものがあらわれ、しせつをローマにおくったりして、いちじはひじょうにさかえた。","words":[{"text":"かれ","gloss":"he"},{"text":"に","gloss":"after"},{"text":"続い","gloss":"follow","reading":"つづい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"熱心","gloss":"zealous","reading":"ねっしん"},{"text":"な","gloss":"being"},{"text":"宣教","gloss":"missionary","reading":"せんきょう"},{"text":"師","gloss":"missionary","reading":"し"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"来朝","gloss":"came to Japan","reading":"らいちょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"信徒","gloss":"believers","reading":"しんと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"数","gloss":"number","reading":"かず"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"増加","gloss":"increase","reading":"ぞうか"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"do"},{"text":"大名","gloss":"feudal lords","reading":"だいみょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"中","gloss":"among","reading":"なか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"洗礼","gloss":"baptism","reading":"せんれい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"受ける","gloss":"receive","reading":"うける"},{"text":"者","gloss":"people","reading":"もの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"現われ、","gloss":"appeared","reading":"あらわれ"},{"text":"使節","gloss":"envoys","reading":"しせつ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ローマ","gloss":"Rome"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"送っ","gloss":"sent","reading":"おくっ"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"一時","gloss":"for a time","reading":"いちじ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"非常","gloss":"very","reading":"ひじょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"greatly"},{"text":"栄え","gloss":"flourished","reading":"さかえ"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L137.rd.003","source":"しかし、豊臣秀吉が 一五八七年に キリスト教を 禁止してからは、キリスト教徒は 次第に 迫害を 受け、島原の 乱以後は 厳禁されてしまった。","translation":"However, after Toyotomi Hideyoshi banned Christianity in 1587, Christians were gradually persecuted, and after the Shimabara Rebellion, Christianity was strictly prohibited.","reading":"しかし、とよとみひでよしがせんごひゃくはちじゅうしちねんにキリストきょうをきんししてからは、キリストきょうとはしだいにはくがいをうけ、しまばらのらんいごはげんきんされてしまった。","words":[{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"豊臣","gloss":"Toyotomi Hideyoshi","reading":"とよとみ"},{"text":"秀吉","gloss":"Toyotomi Hideyoshi","reading":"ひでよし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one"},{"text":"五","gloss":"five"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"キリスト","gloss":"Christianity"},{"text":"教","gloss":"Christianity"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"禁止","gloss":"ban"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"から","gloss":"after"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"キリスト","gloss":"Christians"},{"text":"教","gloss":"Christians"},{"text":"徒","gloss":"Christians"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"次第","gloss":"gradually"},{"text":"に","gloss":"gradually"},{"text":"迫害","gloss":"persecution"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"受け、","gloss":"suffered"},{"text":"島原","gloss":"Shimabara"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"乱","gloss":"Rebellion"},{"text":"以後","gloss":"after"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"厳禁","gloss":"strictly prohibit"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"しまっ","gloss":"completely"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L137.rd.004","source":"一八七三年に ようやく キリスト教信仰の 禁止も とかれ、信教の 自由が","translation":"In 1873, the ban on the Christian faith was finally lifted, and freedom of religion was","reading":"せんはっぴゃくななじゅうさんねんにようやくキリストきょうしんこうのきんしもとかれ、しんきょうのじゆうが","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"one"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ようやく","gloss":"finally"},{"text":"キリスト","gloss":"Christian"},{"text":"教","gloss":"Christian"},{"text":"信仰","gloss":"faith"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"禁止","gloss":"ban"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"とか","gloss":"lift"},{"text":"れ、","gloss":"was"},{"text":"信教","gloss":"religion"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"自由","gloss":"freedom"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L137.rd.005","source":"認められて、日本人の中から すぐれた キリスト教徒が 現われた。","translation":"recognized, and outstanding Christians emerged from among the Japanese people.","reading":"みとめられて、にほんじんのなかからすぐれたキリストきょうとがあらわれた。","words":[{"text":"認め","gloss":"recognize","reading":"みとめ"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"中","gloss":"among","reading":"なか"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"すぐれ","gloss":"outstanding"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"},{"text":"キリスト","gloss":"Christians"},{"text":"教","gloss":"Christians","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"徒","gloss":"Christians","reading":"と"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"現われ","gloss":"emerged","reading":"あらわれ"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L137.rd.006","source":"今日、日本には キリスト教信徒が 六十七万人ぐらい おり、教会の数も 多くなった。","translation":"Today, there are about 670,000 Christian believers in Japan, and the number of churches has also increased.","reading":"こんにち、にほんにはキリストきょうしんとがろくじゅうななまんにんぐらいおり、きょうかいのかずもおおくなった。","words":[{"text":"今日、","gloss":"today"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"キリスト","gloss":"Christian believers"},{"text":"教信","gloss":"Christian believers","reading":"きょうしん"},{"text":"徒","gloss":"Christian believers","reading":"と"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"六十","gloss":"sixty"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"text":"万","gloss":"ten thousand"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"おり、","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"教会","gloss":"churches","reading":"きょうかい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"数","gloss":"number","reading":"かず"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L137.rd.007","source":"ことに 日本天主教教団と 日本キリスト教団の 信徒が 大多数を 占めている。","translation":"In particular, believers of the Japanese Association of Catholic Christians and the Japanese Association of Christians make up a large majority.","reading":"ことににほんてんしゅきょうきょうだんとにほんキリストきょうだんのしんとがだいたすうをしめている。","words":[{"text":"こと","gloss":"particular"},{"text":"に","gloss":"particularly"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese Catholic Association"},{"text":"天主","gloss":"Japanese Catholic Association"},{"text":"教","gloss":"Japanese Catholic Association"},{"text":"教団","gloss":"Japanese Catholic Association"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese Christian Association","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"キリスト","gloss":"Japanese Christian Association"},{"text":"教団","gloss":"Japanese Christian Association","reading":"きょうだん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"信徒","gloss":"believers","reading":"しんと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大","gloss":"large majority","reading":"だい"},{"text":"多数","gloss":"large majority","reading":"たすう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"占め","gloss":"make up","reading":"しめ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"currently"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.rd.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"Christianity in Japan\n\n1 Christianity was introduced into Japan in 1549 by the Spanish missionary, Francis Xavier.\n\n1 By 1581 a few dozen missionaries made nearly 150,000 converts mainly in Kyuushuu.\n\n1 At first favored by Oda Nobunaga (1543-1582), the Christian missionaries were later, in 1587, placed under a ban by Hideyoshi (1536-1598).\n\nWhen the Tokugawa Shoogunate was established, still stricter measures were adopted, especially after the Shimabara Rebellion in 1637 in which nearly 37,000 Christians lost their lives.\n\nChristianity had no hope of prospering under the rigorous government policy of exclusion.\n\nChristianity, however, was never entirely eradicated in certain parts of Kyuushuu, as is proved by the remarkable fact that within a month after the erection of a Roman Catholic Church at Nagasaki in 1865 there occurred the memorable scene known as ’’The Finding of the Christians,”\n\nwhen thousands of Christians, from and about the village of Urakami (now a part of Nagasaki), who had secretly kept the faith transmitted to them by their forbears through successive generations for about 225 years, made open confession of their religion. In\n\n1 1914, A Roman Catholic Church, with accommodations for 6,000 persons, was established at Urakami. It was destroyed by the atomic bomb in August 1945.\n\n1 When Commodore Perry, the American envoy came to Uraga in 1853, he demanded a friendly commercial treaty with Japan.\n\nThis request was finally granted by the Shogunate Government not only to America, but to Russia, England, France and Holland, and the three ports of Kanagawa, Nagasaki, and Hakodate were then opened to foreign trade.\n\nA number of American missionaries were the first to avail themselves of the opportunity thus offered to them.\n\nThe Protestant missions were thus started about 1859, meeting at first with greatest obstacles to their work, for the people were still strictly forbidden to believe in the ‘’Evil Christian Religion.”\n\nWhen the Tokugawa feudal system collapsed in 1867, a program of great reforms, political, social and otherwise, was adopted and the doors were also thrown open to Christian teaching.\n\nIn 1873 missionaries were officially permitted to establish schools, publish religious tracts, and preach their doctrines in\n\nall the seaports open for foreign trade.\n\n1 The old edicts prohibiting Christianity were removed from the noticeboards in February, 1873, and in April of that year exiled Christians were permitted to return to their homes and were free to entertain any religious belief they chose.\n\nin the preceding year a Christian Church was established in Yokohama which was the beginning of the Union Church.\n\n1 In the year following, a sister church was organized at Tsukiji, Tokyo, the first Christian church in the metropolis.\n\nThe vernacular translation of the Bible was undertaken early in the Meiji Era; the New Testament was completed in 1879, and the Old Testament in 1886.\n\nBetween 1885 and 1889, when the country was swept by a great tide of reforms inspired from Europe, Christianity made phenomenal progress.\n\n1 Later it suffered from the reaction due to nationalism, under which, largely through native leadership, the Christian churches became filled with the growing self-consciousness of the nation.\n\nThe Constitution, promulgated in 1889, granted full freedom of religious belief, and Christianity now plays an increasingly important part in the\n\nlife of the country.\n\n1 The Greek Orthodox Church in Japan traces its beginning to the arrival in 1861 of Father Nicolai as Chaplain to the Russian Consulate at Hakodate.\n\nHe was for half a century, or until his death, the center of a great Christian movement, being assisted by a devoted band of Japanese clergy."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"九","gloss":"nine"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"渡来","gloss":"introduction"},{"word":"ある。","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"かれ","gloss":"he"},{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"来朝","gloss":"arrival in Japan"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"数","gloss":"number"},{"word":"大名","gloss":"feudal lord"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"者","gloss":"person"},{"word":"使節","gloss":"envoy, delegate"},{"word":"一時","gloss":"for a time"},{"word":"しかし、","gloss":"however, but"},{"word":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"word":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"迫害","gloss":"persecution; oppression"},{"word":"以後","gloss":"after —; future"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"ようやく","gloss":"finally, at last"},{"word":"信仰","gloss":"faith; belief"},{"word":"も","gloss":"as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"信教","gloss":"religious belief"},{"word":"自由","gloss":"freedom"},{"word":"今日、","gloss":"today"},{"word":"六十","gloss":"60"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"教会","gloss":"church"},{"word":"多く","gloss":"many of them"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いる。","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Christian churches and universities · Narration 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Churches in public life","paragraphs":["*ローマ・カトリック教会は 諸種の学校、慈善協会、病院、などを 経営して、社会のために 活動している* means \"The Roman Catholic Church operates various schools, charitable associations, hospitals, and other institutions, and works for the benefit of society.\"","*その 外、日本キリスト教団の 大学には 京都の 同志社大学、東京の 青山学院大学、津田大学、明治学院、東京女子大などがある* names universities associated with the Japanese Association of Christians."]},{"title":"Kanji: 改, 善","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L137.rd.008","source":"今日では 日本の ローマカトリック教会の 司教は 皆 日本人である。","translation":"Today, all the bishops of the Roman Catholic Church in Japan are Japanese.","reading":"こんにちではにほんのローマカトリックきょうかいのしきょうはみなにほんじんである。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"こんにち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ローマ","gloss":"Roman Catholic Church"},{"text":"カトリック","gloss":"Roman Catholic Church"},{"text":"教会","gloss":"Roman Catholic Church","reading":"きょうかい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"司教","gloss":"bishops","reading":"しきょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"で","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L137.rd.009","source":"ローマ・カトリック教会は 諸種の学校、慈善協会、病院、などを 経営して、社会のために 活動している。","translation":"The Roman Catholic Church operates various schools, charitable associations, hospitals, and other institutions, and works for the benefit of society.","reading":"ローマ・カトリックきょうかいはしょしゅのがっこう、じぜんきょうかい、びょういん、などをけいえいして、しゃかいのためにかつどうしている。","words":[{"text":"ローマ・","gloss":"Roman Catholic Church"},{"text":"カトリック","gloss":"Roman Catholic Church"},{"text":"教会","gloss":"Roman Catholic Church","reading":"きょうかい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"諸種","gloss":"various","reading":"しょしゅ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"学校、","gloss":"schools","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"慈善","gloss":"charitable","reading":"じぜん"},{"text":"協会、","gloss":"associations","reading":"きょうかい"},{"text":"病院、","gloss":"hospitals","reading":"びょういん"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"経営","gloss":"operate","reading":"けいえい"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"社会","gloss":"society","reading":"しゃかい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"benefit"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"活動","gloss":"work","reading":"かつどう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"currently"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L137.rd.010","source":"日本キリスト教団も 教育、社会 改善などの 方面に 活動している。","translation":"The Japanese Association of Christians is also active in such areas as education and social improvement.","reading":"にほんキリストきょうだんもきょういく、しゃかいかいぜんなどのほうめんにかつどうしている。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese Christian Association","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"キリスト","gloss":"Japanese Christian Association"},{"text":"教団","gloss":"Japanese Christian Association","reading":"きょうだん"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"教育、","gloss":"education","reading":"きょういく"},{"text":"社会","gloss":"social","reading":"しゃかい"},{"text":"改善","gloss":"improvement","reading":"かいぜん"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方面","gloss":"areas","reading":"ほうめん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"活動","gloss":"work","reading":"かつどう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"currently"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L137.rd.011","source":"そして 又最近は日本人や 外国人の 教授を 職員に 持った 国際","translation":"And recently, an International","reading":"そしてまたさいきんはにほんじんやがいこくじんのきょうじゅをしょくいんにもったこくさい","words":[{"text":"そして","gloss":"and"},{"text":"又","gloss":"also","reading":"また"},{"text":"最近","gloss":"recently","reading":"さいきん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"人","gloss":"foreign","reading":"じん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"教授","gloss":"professors","reading":"きょうじゅ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"職員","gloss":"staff","reading":"しょくいん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"having","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"that"},{"text":"国際","gloss":"International","reading":"こくさい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L137.rd.012","source":"キリスト教大学の 創立を 見た。","translation":"Christian University staffed by Japanese and foreign professors was founded.","reading":"キリストきょうだいがくのそうりつをみた。","words":[{"text":"キリスト","gloss":"Christian University"},{"text":"教","gloss":"Christian University","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"大学","gloss":"Christian University","reading":"だいがく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"創立","gloss":"founding","reading":"そうりつ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"occurred","reading":"み"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.rd.012.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L137.rd.013","source":"その 外、日本キリスト教団の 大学には 京都の 同志社大学、東京の 青山学院大学、津田大学、明治学院、東京女子大などがある。","translation":"Other universities of the Japanese Association of Christians include Doshisha University in Kyoto, Aoyama Gakuin University, Tsuda University, Meiji Gakuin, and Tokyo Woman’s Christian University in Tokyo.","reading":"そのほか、にほんキリストきょうだんのだいがくにはきょうとのどうししゃだいがく、とうきょうのあおやまがくいんだいがく、つだだいがく、めいじがくいん、とうきょうじょしだいなどがある。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"other"},{"text":"外、","gloss":"than that"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese Christian Association"},{"text":"キリスト","gloss":"Japanese Christian Association"},{"text":"教団","gloss":"Japanese Christian Association","reading":"きょうだん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"大学","gloss":"universities","reading":"だいがく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"同志","gloss":"Doshisha University","reading":"どうし"},{"text":"社","gloss":"Doshisha University","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"大学、","gloss":"Doshisha University","reading":"だいがく"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"青山","gloss":"Aoyama Gakuin University"},{"text":"学院","gloss":"Aoyama Gakuin University"},{"text":"大学、","gloss":"Aoyama Gakuin University"},{"text":"津田","gloss":"Tsuda University"},{"text":"大学、","gloss":"Tsuda University"},{"text":"明治","gloss":"Meiji Gakuin"},{"text":"学院、","gloss":"Meiji Gakuin"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo"},{"text":"女子","gloss":"Women’s Christian University"},{"text":"大","gloss":"Women’s Christian University"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.rd.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L137.rd.014","source":"天主教教団の 大学には 上智大学、聖心女子大学、清泉女子大学などがある。","translation":"Universities of the Japanese Association of Catholic Christians include Sophia University, University of the Sacred Heart, and Seisen University.","reading":"てんしゅきょうきょうだんのだいがくにはじょうちだいがく、せいしんじょしだいがく、せいせんじょしだいがくなどがある。","words":[{"text":"天主","gloss":"Japanese Catholic Association","reading":"てんしゅ"},{"text":"教","gloss":"Japanese Catholic Association","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"教団","gloss":"Japanese Catholic Association","reading":"きょうだん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"大学","gloss":"universities","reading":"だいがく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"上智","gloss":"Sophia University","reading":"じょうち"},{"text":"大学、","gloss":"Sophia University","reading":"だいがく"},{"text":"聖心","gloss":"Sacred Heart University","reading":"せいしん"},{"text":"女子","gloss":"Sacred Heart University","reading":"じょし"},{"text":"大学、","gloss":"Sacred Heart University","reading":"だいがく"},{"text":"清泉","gloss":"Seisen University","reading":"せいせん"},{"text":"女子","gloss":"Seisen University","reading":"じょし"},{"text":"大学","gloss":"Seisen University","reading":"だいがく"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.rd.014.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"司教","gloss":"bishop"},{"word":"病院、","gloss":"hospital"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"社会","gloss":"society"},{"word":"方面","gloss":"area; aspect"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"教授","gloss":"teaching; instruction professor"},{"word":"職員","gloss":"staff; faculty"},{"word":"女子","gloss":"female, woman"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Christianity's arrival and prohibition · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Arrival, prohibition, and permission","paragraphs":["The questions ask when Christianity reached Japan, who brought it, and what happened after its arrival.","*日本に キリスト教が 伝わったのは 西暦何年頃ですか* means \"About what year was Christianity introduced to Japan?\" An answer gives the year.","Other answers name Francisco Xavier, Hideyoshi's prohibition, strict prohibition after the Shimabara Rebellion, and the lifting of the ban."]}],"lines":[{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L137.q.001","source":"宗教（三）　キリスト教","translation":"Religion (3): Christianity","reading":"しゅうきょう（さん）キリストきょう","words":[{"text":"宗教","gloss":"religion","reading":"しゅうきょう"},{"text":"（三）","gloss":"part three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"キリスト","gloss":"Christianity"},{"text":"教","gloss":"Christianity","reading":"きょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.q.001.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L137.q.002","source":"日本に キリスト教が 伝わったのは 西暦何年頃ですか。","translation":"About what year was Christianity introduced to Japan?","reading":"にほんにキリストきょうがつたわったのはせいれきなんねんごろですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"キリスト","gloss":"Christianity"},{"text":"教","gloss":"Christianity","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"伝わっ","gloss":"introduced","reading":"つたわっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"西暦","gloss":"A.D."},{"text":"何","gloss":"what"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"about"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.q.002.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L137.q.003","source":"だれの 渡来によって キリスト教が 伝えられたのですか。","translation":"Through whose arrival was Christianity introduced?","reading":"だれのとらいによってキリストきょうがつたえられたのですか。","words":[{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"渡来","gloss":"arrival","reading":"とらい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"means of"},{"text":"て","gloss":"means of"},{"text":"キリスト","gloss":"Christianity"},{"text":"教","gloss":"Christianity","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"伝え","gloss":"introduce","reading":"つたえ"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.q.003.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L137.q.004","source":"かれに 続いて 熱心な 宣教師が 来朝しましたか。","translation":"Did zealous missionaries come to Japan after him?","reading":"かれにつづいてねっしんなせんきょうしがらいちょうしましたか。","words":[{"text":"かれ","gloss":"he"},{"text":"に","gloss":"after"},{"text":"続い","gloss":"follow","reading":"つづい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"熱心","gloss":"zealous","reading":"ねっしん"},{"text":"な","gloss":"being"},{"text":"宣教","gloss":"missionary","reading":"せんきょう"},{"text":"師","gloss":"missionary","reading":"し"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"来朝","gloss":"come to Japan","reading":"らいちょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.q.004.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L137.q.005","source":"その 結果、どうなりましたか。","translation":"What happened as a result?","reading":"そのけっか、どうなりましたか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"結果、","gloss":"result","reading":"けっか"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.q.005.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L137.q.006","source":"豊臣秀吉は どんな 事をしましたか。","translation":"What did Toyotomi Hideyoshi do?","reading":"とよとみひでよしはどんなことをしましたか。","words":[{"text":"豊臣","gloss":"Toyotomi Hideyoshi","reading":"とよとみ"},{"text":"秀吉","gloss":"Toyotomi Hideyoshi","reading":"ひでよし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.q.006.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L137.q.007","source":"島原の 乱以後は、キリスト教は どうなりましたか。","translation":"What happened to Christianity after the Shimabara Rebellion?","reading":"しまばらのらんいごは、キリストきょうはどうなりましたか。","words":[{"text":"島原","gloss":"Shimabara","reading":"しまばら"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"乱","gloss":"Rebellion","reading":"らん"},{"text":"以後","gloss":"after","reading":"いご"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"キリスト","gloss":"Christianity"},{"text":"教","gloss":"Christianity","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.q.007.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L137.q.008","source":"いつ頃 キリスト教 信仰の 禁止が とかれましたか。","translation":"About when was the ban on the Christian faith lifted?","reading":"いつごろキリストきょうしんこうのきんしがとかれましたか。","words":[{"text":"いつ頃","gloss":"about when"},{"text":"キリスト","gloss":"Christian"},{"text":"教","gloss":"Christian","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"信仰","gloss":"faith","reading":"しんこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"禁止","gloss":"ban","reading":"きんし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"とか","gloss":"lift"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.q.008.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"宗教","gloss":"religion"},{"word":"（三）","gloss":"three"},{"word":"頃","gloss":"approximate point of time (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"だれ","gloss":"who?"},{"word":"結果、","gloss":"result; effect"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Church membership and institutions · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Membership and institutions","paragraphs":["The questions ask about believers, church organizations, bishops, schools, charities, hospitals, and universities.","*ローマ・カトリック 教会は 何を 経営していますか* means \"What does the Roman Catholic Church operate?\" An answer names schools, charitable associations, hospitals, and other institutions.","Other answers give the number of believers, name an organization, correct a false statement, or state when a university was founded."]}],"lines":[{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L137.q.009","source":"今日、日本には キリスト教 信徒の 数が どのくらい ありますか。","translation":"About how many Christian believers are there in Japan today?","reading":"こんにち、にほんにはキリストきょうしんとのかずがどのくらいありますか。","words":[{"text":"今日、","gloss":"today"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"キリスト","gloss":"Christian"},{"text":"教","gloss":"Christian","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"信徒","gloss":"believers","reading":"しんと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"数","gloss":"number","reading":"かず"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"many"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.q.009.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L137.q.010","source":"教会の 数が どのくらい ありますか。","translation":"About how many churches are there?","reading":"きょうかいのかずがどのくらいありますか。","words":[{"text":"教会","gloss":"churches","reading":"きょうかい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"数","gloss":"number","reading":"かず"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"many"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.q.010.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L137.q.011","source":"どの 教団の 信徒が 大多数を 占めていますか。","translation":"Which religious organizations’ believers make up a large majority?","reading":"どのきょうだんのしんとがだいたすうをしめていますか。","words":[{"text":"どの","gloss":"which"},{"text":"教団","gloss":"religious organizations","reading":"きょうだん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"信徒","gloss":"believers","reading":"しんと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大","gloss":"large majority","reading":"だい"},{"text":"多数","gloss":"large majority","reading":"たすう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"占め","gloss":"make up","reading":"しめ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.q.011.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L137.q.012","source":"日本の ローマ・カトリック 教会の 司教は 米国人ですか。","translation":"Are the bishops of the Roman Catholic Church in Japan Americans?","reading":"にほんのローマ・カトリックきょうかいのしきょうはべいこくじんですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ローマ・","gloss":"Roman Catholic Church"},{"text":"カトリック","gloss":"Roman Catholic Church"},{"text":"教会","gloss":"Roman Catholic Church","reading":"きょうかい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"司教","gloss":"bishops","reading":"しきょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"American","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"人","gloss":"American","reading":"じん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.q.012.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L137.q.013","source":"ローマ・カトリック 教会は 何を 経営していますか。","translation":"What does the Roman Catholic Church operate?","reading":"ローマ・カトリックきょうかいはなにをけいえいしていますか。","words":[{"text":"ローマ・","gloss":"Roman Catholic Church"},{"text":"カトリック","gloss":"Roman Catholic Church"},{"text":"教会","gloss":"Roman Catholic Church","reading":"きょうかい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"経営","gloss":"operate","reading":"けいえい"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.q.013.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L137.q.014","source":"日本キリスト教団は どうですか。","translation":"What about the Japanese Association of Christians?","reading":"にほんキリストきょうだんはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese Christian Association","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"キリスト","gloss":"Japanese Christian Association"},{"text":"教団","gloss":"Japanese Christian Association","reading":"きょうだん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how about"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.q.014.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L137.q.015","source":"国際キリスト教大学は いつ頃 創立しましたか。","translation":"About when was International Christian University founded?","reading":"こくさいキリストきょうだいがくはいつごろそうりつしましたか。","words":[{"text":"国際","gloss":"International Christian University","reading":"こくさい"},{"text":"キリスト","gloss":"International Christian University"},{"text":"教","gloss":"International Christian University","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"大学","gloss":"International Christian University","reading":"だいがく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ頃","gloss":"about when","reading":"いつごろ"},{"text":"創立","gloss":"found","reading":"そうりつ"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.q.015.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L137.q.016","source":"その大学の 職員は 皆 日本人ですか。","translation":"Are all the staff members at that university Japanese?","reading":"そのだいがくのしょくいんはみなにほんじんですか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"大学","gloss":"university","reading":"だいがく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"職員","gloss":"staff","reading":"しょくいん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.q.016.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"どの","gloss":"which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)"},{"word":"くらい","gloss":"dark"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"い","gloss":"stomach"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Missionaries, baptism and persecution · Word list 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"From arrival to persecution","paragraphs":["The words cover the people and events in the spread and later suppression of Christianity.","*宣教師* means \"missionary,\" and *洗礼を受ける* means \"be baptized.\" *迫害* means \"persecution\" or \"oppression.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.001","source":"伝わる","translation":"be handed down; spread","reading":"つたわる","words":[{"text":"伝わる","gloss":"spread","reading":"つたわる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.001.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.002","source":"旧教徒","translation":"Roman Catholic","reading":"きゅうきょうと","words":[{"text":"旧教徒","gloss":"Roman Catholic","reading":"きゅうきょうと"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.002.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.003","source":"渡来","translation":"introduction","reading":"とらい","words":[{"text":"渡来","gloss":"introduction","reading":"とらい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.003.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.004","source":"宣教師","translation":"missionary","reading":"せんきょうし","words":[{"text":"宣教師","gloss":"missionary","reading":"せんきょうし"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.004.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.005","source":"大名","translation":"feudal lord","reading":"だいみょう","words":[{"text":"大名","gloss":"feudal lord","reading":"だいみょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.005.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.006","source":"洗礼を受ける","translation":"be baptized","reading":"せんれいをうける","words":[{"text":"洗礼を受ける","gloss":"be baptized","reading":"せんれいをうける"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.006.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.007","source":"使節","translation":"envoy, delegate","reading":"しせつ","words":[{"text":"使節","gloss":"envoy","reading":"しせつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.007.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.008","source":"栄える","translation":"prosper; flourish","reading":"さかえる","words":[{"text":"栄える","gloss":"flourish","reading":"さかえる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.008.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.009","source":"キリスト教徒","translation":"Christian adherent","reading":"キリストきょうと","words":[{"text":"キリスト教徒","gloss":"Christian adherent","reading":"キリストきょうと"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.009.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.010","source":"迫害","translation":"persecution; oppression","reading":"はくがい","words":[{"text":"迫害","gloss":"persecution","reading":"はくがい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.010.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.011","source":"以後","translation":"after —; future","reading":"いご","words":[{"text":"以後","gloss":"afterward","reading":"いご"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.011.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"伝わる","gloss":"be handed down; spread"},{"word":"旧教徒","gloss":"Roman Catholic"},{"word":"宣教師","gloss":"missionary"},{"word":"洗礼を受ける","gloss":"be baptized"},{"word":"栄える","gloss":"prosper; flourish"},{"word":"キリスト教徒","gloss":"Christian adherent"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Christian bans and denominations · Word list 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"From prohibition to public activity","paragraphs":["The words cover prohibition, its end, Christian organizations, and their public activity.","*厳禁する* means \"prohibit strictly.\" *禁止がとかれる* means \"a ban is lifted.\" These verbs name opposite changes in legal status.","*日本キリスト教団* means \"The Japanese Association of Christians.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.012","source":"厳禁する","translation":"prohibit strictly","reading":"げんきんする","words":[{"text":"厳禁する","gloss":"strictly prohibit","reading":"げんきんする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.012.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.013","source":"島原の乱","translation":"the Shimabara Revolt","reading":"しまばらのらん","words":[{"text":"島原の乱","gloss":"Shimabara Rebellion","reading":"しまばらのらん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.013.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.014","source":"禁止がとかれる","translation":"ban is lifted","reading":"きんしがとかれる","words":[{"text":"禁止がとかれる","gloss":"ban is lifted","reading":"きんしがとかれる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.014.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.015","source":"信教","translation":"religious belief","reading":"しんきょう","words":[{"text":"信教","gloss":"religious belief","reading":"しんきょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.015.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.016","source":"すぐれた","translation":"excellent; superior","reading":"すぐれた","words":[{"text":"すぐれた","gloss":"excellent"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.016.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.017","source":"教会","translation":"church","reading":"きょうかい","words":[{"text":"教会","gloss":"church","reading":"きょうかい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.017.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.018","source":"日本天主教教団","translation":"The Japanese Association of Catholic Christi ans","reading":"にほんてんしゅきょうきょうだん","words":[{"text":"日本天主教教団","gloss":"Japanese Catholic Association","reading":"にほんてんしゅきょうきょうだん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.018.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.019","source":"日本キリスト教団","translation":"The Japanese Association of Christians","reading":"にほんキリストきょうだん","words":[{"text":"日本キリスト教団","gloss":"Japanese Christian Association","reading":"にほんキリストきょうだん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.019.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.020","source":"大多数を占める","translation":"hold a large majority","reading":"だいたすうをしめる","words":[{"text":"大多数を占める","gloss":"hold a large majority","reading":"だいたすうをしめる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.020.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.021","source":"方面","translation":"area; aspect","reading":"ほうめん","words":[{"text":"方面","gloss":"area","reading":"ほうめん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.021.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.022","source":"活動する","translation":"be active; play an active part","reading":"かつどうする","words":[{"text":"活動する","gloss":"be active","reading":"かつどうする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"厳禁する","gloss":"prohibit strictly"},{"word":"島原の乱","gloss":"the Shimabara Revolt"},{"word":"禁止がとかれる","gloss":"ban is lifted"},{"word":"すぐれた","gloss":"excellent; superior"},{"word":"日本天主教教団","gloss":"The Japanese Association of Catholic Christi ans"},{"word":"日本キリスト教団","gloss":"The Japanese Association of Christians"},{"word":"大多数を占める","gloss":"hold a large majority"},{"word":"活動する","gloss":"be active; play an active part"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Church staff, charities and universities · Word list 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"People and institutions","paragraphs":["The words cover church staff, charitable institutions, administration, and universities.","*司教* means \"bishop.\" *慈善協会* means \"charitable institution.\" *経営する* means \"manage\" or \"construct.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.023","source":"教授","translation":"teaching; instruction professor","reading":"きょうじゅ","words":[{"text":"教授","gloss":"teaching","reading":"きょうじゅ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.023.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.024","source":"職員","translation":"staff; faculty","reading":"しょくいん","words":[{"text":"職員","gloss":"staff","reading":"しょくいん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.024.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.025","source":"国際キリスト教大学","translation":"International Christian University","reading":"こくさいキリストきょうだいがく","words":[{"text":"国際キリスト教大学","gloss":"International Christian University","reading":"こくさいキリストきょうだいがく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.025.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.026","source":"創立する","translation":"establish; found","reading":"そうりつする","words":[{"text":"創立する","gloss":"establish","reading":"そうりつする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.026.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.027","source":"司教","translation":"bishop","reading":"しきょう","words":[{"text":"司教","gloss":"bishop","reading":"しきょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.027.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.028","source":"諸種の","translation":"various","reading":"しょしゅの","words":[{"text":"諸種の","gloss":"various","reading":"しょしゅの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.028.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.029","source":"慈善協会","translation":"charitable institution","reading":"じぜんきょうかい","words":[{"text":"慈善協会","gloss":"charitable institution","reading":"じぜんきょうかい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.029.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.030","source":"経営する","translation":"manage; construct","reading":"けいえいする","words":[{"text":"経営する","gloss":"manage","reading":"けいえいする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.030.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.031","source":"上智大学","translation":"Sophia University","reading":"じょうちだいがく","words":[{"text":"上智大学","gloss":"Sophia University","reading":"じょうちだいがく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.031.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L137.w.032","source":"聖心女子大学","translation":"Sacred Heart Women’s University","reading":"せいしんじょしだいがく","words":[{"text":"聖心女子大学","gloss":"Sacred Heart Women’s University","reading":"せいしんじょしだいがく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L137.w.032.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":2,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation and Exercise\n\n1 Topics:\n\na Talk about the following topics with your classmates in Japanese,\n\n(1) Christianity in Japan before the Meiji Era.\n\n(2) Christianity in Japan today.\n\n(3) Activities of Christianity in Japan.\n\n2 Exercise:\n\na Interpretation exercise\n\n1 When was Christianity introduced to Japan?\n\n1 キリスト教が 伝わったのは 西暦一五四九年でした。\n\n2 Who prohibited Christianity?\n\n2 豊臣秀吉です。\n\n3 When was the ban for Christianity lifted?\n\n3 一八七三年に キリスト教 信仰の 禁止も とかれて、信教の自由が 認められました。\n\n4 About how many Christian adherents are in Japan?\n\n4 日本には キリスト教 信徒が 六十七万人ぐらい 居ます。\n\n5 What does the Roman Catholic Church do?\n\n5 諸種の 学校、慈善協会、病院などを 経営して 社会のために 活動します。"},{"section":3,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Study the Narration thoroughly and memorize the vocabulary.\n\n2 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given.\n\n3 Learn to read and write the new Kanji.\n\n4 Read the Cultural Notes."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"国際キリスト教大学","gloss":"International Christian University"},{"word":"創立する","gloss":"establish; found"},{"word":"諸種の","gloss":"various"},{"word":"慈善協会","gloss":"charitable institution"},{"word":"経営する","gloss":"manage; construct"},{"word":"上智大学","gloss":"Sophia University"},{"word":"聖心女子大学","gloss":"Sacred Heart Women’s University"}],"paradigms":[]}]}