{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L138","title":"Lesson 138","stage":"Narration and the written language","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 138: popular sovereignty and the emperor · narration 1 of 2, rights, constitution and government ministries · questions 1 of 4, government ministries and agencies · questions 2 of 4, constitutional rules and sovereignty · questions 3 of 4, democracy and constitutional principles · word list 1 of 2.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/136","lines":72},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/135","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/137","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Popular sovereignty and the emperor · Narration 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Sovereignty belongs to the people","paragraphs":["The passage describes the new Constitution and its place in governing Japan.","*原則に基づいて、主権は国民の手にある事を明らかにしている* means \"Based on this principle, it makes clear that sovereignty rests in the hands of the people.\"","*天皇は日本国の象徴であり、政治には関係されないと言い、天皇の地位を明らかにしている* states that the Emperor symbolizes Japan and does not take part in politics."]},{"title":"Kanji: 規","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 則","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 明","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L138.rd.001","source":"国を治めていく仕事のやり方をはっきりときめておくためには 色々の規則がいるが、その中で一番大事な規則が憲法である。","translation":"Various rules are needed to clearly establish how the work of governing the country is to be carried out, and the most important of these rules is the Constitution.","reading":"くにをおさめていくしごとのやりかたをはっきりときめておくためにはいろいろのきそくがいるが、そのなかでいちばんだいじなきそくがけんぽうである。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L138.rd.002","source":"一番大事だから、これを「最高法規」と言う。","translation":"Because it is the most important, it is called the “supreme law.”","reading":"いちばんだいじだから、これを「さいこうほうき」という。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L138.rd.003","source":"これまであった憲法は一八八九年に出来たもので、明治天皇がおつくりになったので、明治憲法と言われている。","translation":"The Constitution that existed until then was established in 1889 and was drawn up by the Meiji Emperor, so it is called the Meiji Constitution.","reading":"これまであったけんぽうはせんはっぴゃくはちじゅうきゅうねんにできたもので、めいじてんのうがおつくりになったので、めいじけんぽうといわれている。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L138.rd.004","source":"一九四六年十一月三日に、国会の承認をへて新憲法が成立し、日本の政治のやり方を民主化する上に大きな働きをしている。","translation":"On November 3, 1946, the new Constitution was established with the approval of the Diet, and it has played a major role in democratizing the way Japan is governed.","reading":"せんきゅうひゃくよんじゅうろくねんじゅういちがつみっかに、こっかいのしょうにんをへてしんけんぽうがせいりつし、にほんのせいじのやりかたをみんしゅかするうえにおおきなはたらきをしている。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L138.rd.005","source":"原則に基づいて、主権は国民の手にある事を明らかにしている。","translation":"Based on this principle, it makes clear that sovereignty rests in the hands of the people.","reading":"げんそくにもとづいて、しゅけんはこくみんのてにあることをあきらかにしている。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L138.rd.006","source":"つまり新憲法は「主権在民主義」の憲法だと言える。","translation":"In other words, the new Constitution can be called a constitution based on the principle of sovereignty of the people.","reading":"つまりしんけんぽうは「しゅけんざいみんしゅぎ」のけんぽうだといえる。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L138.rd.007","source":"主権が国民にある事になった結果、天皇はもはや日本国の主権者ではなくなった。","translation":"As a result of sovereignty being vested in the people, the Emperor was no longer the sovereign of Japan.","reading":"しゅけんがこくみんにあることになったけっか、てんのうはもはやにほんこくのしゅけんしゃではなくなった。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L138.rd.008","source":"天皇は日本国の象徴であり、政治には関係されないと言い、天皇の地位を明らかにしている。","translation":"It clarifies the position of the Emperor by stating that the Emperor is the symbol of Japan and does not take part in politics.","reading":"てんのうはにほんこくのしょうちょうであり、せいじにはかんけいされないといい、てんのうのちいをあきらかにしている。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.rd.008.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"Constitution and Emperor\nIn their new Constitution, which was promulgated on November 3, 1946, and came into effect on May 3 the following year, the Japanese people pledge to uphold the high ideals of peace and democratic order. The Preamble of the Constitution states:\n“We, the Japanese people, desire peace for all time --- We desire to occupy an honoured place in an international society striving for the preservation of peace, and the banishment of tyranny and slavery, oppression and intolerance for all time from the earth.”\nThe New Constitution differs in many important respects from the Meiji Constitution of 1889. Some of its key provisions are: The Emperor is the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people. Sovereign power now rests with the people.\nJapan renounces war as a sovereign right. It also renounces the threat or the use of force as a means of settling disputes with other nations."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"国","gloss":"country, nation"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"はっきり","gloss":"clearly"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"一番","gloss":"number one (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"憲法","gloss":"constitution"},{"word":"ある。","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"言う。","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"word":"九","gloss":"nine"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"},{"word":"天皇","gloss":"emperor"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"六","gloss":"six"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"月","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"国会","gloss":"Diet"},{"word":"承認","gloss":"approval"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"し、","gloss":"city"},{"word":"政治","gloss":"government; adminis-tration; politics"},{"word":"大きな","gloss":"big, large (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"原則","gloss":"principle; general rule"},{"word":"主権","gloss":"sovereignty"},{"word":"つまり","gloss":"in short, in another word"},{"word":"言える。","gloss":"can be said"},{"word":"結果、","gloss":"result; effect"},{"word":"者","gloss":"person"},{"word":"象徴","gloss":"symbol"},{"word":"関係","gloss":"relationship"},{"word":"地位","gloss":"position"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Rights, peace and self-defence · Narration 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Rights protected by the Constitution","paragraphs":["The passage adds fundamental rights to the Constitution's rules for governing Japan.","*それは国民にとって最も大事な権利を「基本的人権」としてきめた規則である* means \"These are the rules that establish the rights most important to the people as fundamental human rights.\"","These rights include freedom of thought, religion, marriage, and speech, with voting rights and rights of claim."]},{"title":"No armaments, but self-defense","paragraphs":["*そして、そのために軍備を持たないという事であるが、自衛権を放棄するというのではない* says Japan has no armaments but retains the right of self-defense.","The Constitution begins with *前文*, \"preamble\", and its main text runs from Article 1 through Article 103."]},{"title":"Kanji: 論","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 請","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L138.rd.009","source":"この新憲法には又 国を治めていく仕事のやり方の外に もう一つ大事な事が書いてある。","translation":"Besides describing how the country is to be governed, this new Constitution also contains one other important matter.","reading":"このしんけんぽうにはまたくにをおさめていくしごとのやりかたのほかにもうひとつだいじなことがかいてある。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L138.rd.010","source":"それは国民にとって最も大事な権利を「基本的人権」としてきめた規則である。","translation":"These are the rules that establish the rights most important to the people as “fundamental human rights.”","reading":"それはこくみんにとってもっともだいじなけんりを「きほんてきじんけん」としてきめたきそくである。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L138.rd.011","source":"基本的人権というのは思想の自由、信教の自由、婚姻の自由、言論の","translation":"Fundamental human rights include the civil liberties comprising freedom of thought, freedom of religion, freedom of marriage, freedom of speech,","reading":"きほんてきじんけんというのはしそうのじゆう、しんきょうのじゆう、こんいんのじゆう、げんろんの","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L138.rd.012","source":"自由などをふくんだ自由権、参政権、請求権などである。","translation":"and other freedoms, as well as the right to participate in government and the right to make claims.","reading":"じゆうなどをふくんだじゆうけん、さんせいけん、せいきゅうけんなどである。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.rd.012.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L138.rd.013","source":"もう一つ新憲法の特徴がある。","translation":"The new Constitution has one more distinguishing feature.","reading":"もうひとつしんけんぽうのとくちょうがある。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.rd.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L138.rd.014","source":"そして、そのために軍備を持たないという事であるが、自衛権を放棄するというのではない。","translation":"For that reason, Japan is to have no armaments, but this does not mean that it renounces the right of self-defense.","reading":"そして、そのためにぐんびをもたないということであるが、じえいけんをほうきするというのではない。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.rd.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L138.rd.015","source":"この新憲法には「前文」と言うものが始めにつけてあって、本文は第一条から第百三条まである。","translation":"This new Constitution has what is called a “Preamble” at the beginning, and the main text runs from Article 1 through Article 103.","reading":"このしんけんぽうには「ぜんぶん」というものがはじめにつけてあって、ほんぶんはだいいちじょうからだいひゃくさんじょうまである。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.rd.015.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"思想","gloss":"thoughts"},{"word":"自由、","gloss":"freedom"},{"word":"信教","gloss":"religious belief"},{"word":"婚姻","gloss":"marriage"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"軍備","gloss":"armament"},{"word":"「前文」","gloss":"preamble"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"本文","gloss":"main text"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"百","gloss":"100"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Constitution and government ministries · Questions 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Principles and ministries","paragraphs":["The questions ask about two constitutional principles and the names of major government ministries.","*それは戦争の放棄である* means \"It is the renunciation of war.\"","Other short answers include *法務省*, \"Ministry of Justice\", and *外務省*, \"Ministry of Foreign Affairs\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.001","source":"「日本国憲法」","translation":"The Constitution of Japan","reading":"「にほんこくけんぽう」","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.001.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.002","source":"この新憲法は民主主義の","translation":"This new Constitution is democratic","reading":"このしんけんぽうはみんしゅしゅぎの","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.002.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.003","source":"それは戦争の放棄である。","translation":"It is the renunciation of war.","reading":"それはせんそうのほうきである。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.003.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.004","source":"総理府","translation":"Prime Minister’s Office","reading":"そうりふ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.004.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.005","source":"法務省","translation":"Ministry of Justice","reading":"ほうむしょう","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.005.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.006","source":"外務省","translation":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs","reading":"がいむしょう","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.006.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.007","source":"大蔵省","translation":"Ministry of Finance","reading":"おおくらしょう","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.007.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.008","source":"文部省","translation":"Ministry of Education","reading":"もんぶしょう","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.008.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.009","source":"厚生省","translation":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","reading":"こうせいしょう","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.009.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.010","source":"農林省","translation":"Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry","reading":"のうりんしょう","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"憲法」","gloss":"constitution"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Government ministries and agencies · Questions 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Ministries, commissions, and agencies","paragraphs":["The answers name parts of the Japanese government.","*通産省* means \"Ministry of International Trade and Industry\", while *防衛庁* means \"Defense Agency\".","The set also includes the National Public Safety Commission and agencies for administration and Hokkaido development."]}],"lines":[{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.011","source":"通産省","translation":"Ministry of International Trade and Industry","reading":"つうさんしょう","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.011.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.012","source":"運輸省","translation":"Ministry of Transport","reading":"うんゆしょう","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.012.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.013","source":"郵政省","translation":"Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications","reading":"ゆうせいしょう","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.013.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.014","source":"労働省","translation":"Ministry of Labor","reading":"ろうどうしょう","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.014.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.015","source":"建設省","translation":"Ministry of Construction","reading":"けんせつしょう","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.015.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.016","source":"自治省","translation":"Ministry of Home Affairs","reading":"じちしょう","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.016.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.017","source":"国家公安委員会","translation":"National Public Safety Commission","reading":"こっかこうあんいいんかい","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.017.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.018","source":"行政管理庁","translation":"Administrative Management Agency","reading":"ぎょうせいかんりちょう","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.018.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.019","source":"北海道開発庁","translation":"Hokkaido Development Agency","reading":"ほっかいどうかいはつちょう","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.019.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.020","source":"防衛庁","translation":"Defense Agency","reading":"ぼうえいちょう","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"国家","gloss":"country, nation; a state"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Constitutional rules and sovereignty · Questions 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"The supreme law and its authority","paragraphs":["These questions ask about rules for governing Japan, the two constitutions' dates, and popular sovereignty.","*主権在民主義とはどんな事ですか* means \"What does sovereignty of the people mean?\"","A short answer states that sovereignty rests in the hands of the people."]}],"lines":[{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.021","source":"経済企画庁","translation":"Economic Planning Agency","reading":"けいざいきかくちょう","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.021.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.022","source":"科学技術庁","translation":"Science and Technology Agency","reading":"かがくぎじゅつちょう","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.022.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.023","source":"日本語で 次の質問に 答えてください。","translation":"Please answer the following questions in Japanese.","reading":"にほんごでつぎのしつもんにこたえてください。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.023.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.024","source":"国を治めていく仕事のやり方をはっきりときめておくために 何がいりますか。","translation":"What is needed to clearly establish how the work of governing the country is to be carried out?","reading":"くにをおさめていくしごとのやりかたをはっきりときめておくためになにがいりますか。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.024.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.025","source":"国を治めていく一番大事な規則を何と言いますか。","translation":"What do you call the most important rule for governing the country?","reading":"くにをおさめていくいちばんだいじなきそくをなんといいますか。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.025.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.026","source":"憲法は国の最高法規ですか。","translation":"Is the Constitution the supreme law of the country?","reading":"けんぽうはくにのさいこうほうきですか。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.026.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.027","source":"明治憲法はいつ出来たものですか。","translation":"When was the Meiji Constitution established?","reading":"めいじけんぽうはいつできたものですか。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.027.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.028","source":"新憲法はいつ出来ましたか。","translation":"When was the new Constitution established?","reading":"しんけんぽうはいつできましたか。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.028.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.029","source":"新憲法は主権在民主義の憲法ですか。","translation":"Is the new Constitution based on the principle of sovereignty of the people?","reading":"しんけんぽうはしゅけんざいみんしゅぎのけんぽうですか。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.029.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.030","source":"主権在民主義とはどんな事ですか。","translation":"What does sovereignty of the people mean?","reading":"しゅけんざいみんしゅぎとはどんなことですか。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.030.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"技術","gloss":"technique, skill"},{"word":"ください。","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いつ","gloss":"when?"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Rights, disarmament and constitutional articles · Questions 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Rights, peace, and constitutional structure","paragraphs":["These questions ask about popular sovereignty, fundamental rights, civil liberties, peace, and the Constitution's structure.","*基本的人権というのは何ですか* means \"What are fundamental human rights?\"","Answers identify the protected rights, the renunciation of war, the preamble, and the Constitution's 103 articles."]}],"lines":[{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.031","source":"主権が国民の手にわたされた結果、どうなりましたか。","translation":"What happened as a result of sovereignty being transferred to the people?","reading":"しゅけんがこくみんのてにわたされたけっか、どうなりましたか。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.031.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.032","source":"新憲法には国を治めていく仕事のやり方の外に もう一つ大事な事が書いてありますが、それは何ですか。","translation":"Besides describing how the country is to be governed, the new Constitution contains one other important matter; what is it?","reading":"しんけんぽうにはくにをおさめていくしごとのやりかたのほかにもうひとつだいじなことがかいてありますが、それはなんですか。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.032.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.033","source":"基本的人権というのは何ですか。","translation":"What are fundamental human rights?","reading":"きほんてきじんけんというのはなんですか。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.033.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.034","source":"自由権にはどんなのがありますか。","translation":"What kinds of civil liberties are there?","reading":"じゆうけんにはどんなのがありますか。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.034.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.035","source":"新憲法のもう一つの特徴は何ですか。","translation":"What is one other distinguishing feature of the new Constitution?","reading":"しんけんぽうのもうひとつのとくちょうはなんですか。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.035.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.036","source":"この新憲法は何条からなっていますか。","translation":"How many articles does this new Constitution consist of?","reading":"このしんけんぽうはなんじょうからなっていますか。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.036.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L138.q.037","source":"始めに何が書いてありますか。","translation":"What is written at the beginning?","reading":"はじめになにがかいてありますか。","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.q.037.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"自由","gloss":"freedom"},{"word":"い","gloss":"stomach"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Democracy and constitutional principles · Word list 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Constitutional authority and democracy","paragraphs":["These words cover the Constitution's authority, democratic government, and sovereignty.","*最高法規* means \"supreme law\", *国会* means \"Diet\", and *主権在民主義* means \"principle of sovereignty resting with the people\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L138.w.001","source":"大事な","translation":"important","reading":"だいじな","words":[{"text":"大事な","gloss":"important","reading":"だいじな"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.w.001.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L138.w.002","source":"最高法規","translation":"supreme law","reading":"さいこうほうき","words":[{"text":"最高法規","gloss":"supreme law","reading":"さいこうほうき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.w.002.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L138.w.003","source":"国会","translation":"Diet","reading":"こっかい","words":[{"text":"国会","gloss":"Diet","reading":"こっかい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.w.003.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L138.w.004","source":"承認","translation":"approval","reading":"しょうにん","words":[{"text":"承認","gloss":"approval","reading":"しょうにん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.w.004.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L138.w.005","source":"--をへて","translation":"going through ---; through","reading":"--をへて","words":[{"text":"--をへて","gloss":"through"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.w.005.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L138.w.006","source":"成立する","translation":"materialize; be realized","reading":"せいりつする","words":[{"text":"成立する","gloss":"be realized","reading":"せいりつする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.w.006.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L138.w.007","source":"民主化する","translation":"democratize","reading":"みんしゅかする","words":[{"text":"民主化する","gloss":"democratize","reading":"みんしゅかする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.w.007.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L138.w.008","source":"原則","translation":"principle; general rule","reading":"げんそく","words":[{"text":"原則","gloss":"principle","reading":"げんそく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.w.008.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L138.w.009","source":"明らかにする","translation":"clarify; define; make clear","reading":"あきらかにする","words":[{"text":"明らかにする","gloss":"make clear","reading":"あきらかにする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.w.009.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L138.w.010","source":"主権在民主義","translation":"principle of sovereignty resting with the people","reading":"しゅけんざいみんしゅぎ","words":[{"text":"主権在民主義","gloss":"principle of popular sovereignty","reading":"しゅけんざいみんしゅぎ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.w.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"大事な","gloss":"important"},{"word":"最高法規","gloss":"supreme law"},{"word":"--をへて","gloss":"going through ---; through"},{"word":"成立する","gloss":"materialize; be realized"},{"word":"民主化する","gloss":"democratize"},{"word":"明らかにする","gloss":"clarify; define; make clear"},{"word":"主権在民主義","gloss":"principle of sovereignty resting with the people"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Rights, armaments and constitutional text · Word list 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Rights and the constitutional text","paragraphs":["These words cover individual rights, national defense, and the parts of the Constitution.","*参政権* means \"suffrage\" or \"voting right\", while *自衛権* means \"right of self-defense\".","The constitutional text begins with *前文*, \"preamble\", before the main text and its articles."]}],"lines":[{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L138.w.011","source":"主権者","translation":"sovereign; ruler","reading":"しゅけんしゃ","words":[{"text":"主権者","gloss":"sovereign","reading":"しゅけんしゃ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.w.011.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L138.w.012","source":"前文","translation":"preamble","reading":"ぜんぶん","words":[{"text":"前文","gloss":"preamble","reading":"ぜんぶん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.w.012.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L138.w.013","source":"婚姻","translation":"marriage","reading":"こんいん","words":[{"text":"婚姻","gloss":"marriage","reading":"こんいん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.w.013.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L138.w.014","source":"参政権","translation":"suffrage; voting right","reading":"さんせいけん","words":[{"text":"参政権","gloss":"voting right","reading":"さんせいけん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.w.014.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L138.w.015","source":"請求権","translation":"a right of claim; demand","reading":"せいきゅうけん","words":[{"text":"請求権","gloss":"right of claim","reading":"せいきゅうけん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.w.015.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L138.w.016","source":"--条","translation":"article","reading":"--じょう","words":[{"text":"--条","gloss":"article","reading":"--じょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.w.016.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L138.w.017","source":"放棄（する）","translation":"renunciation (to renounce; abandon)","reading":"ほうき（する）","words":[{"text":"放棄（する）","gloss":"renunciation","reading":"ほうき（する）"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.w.017.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L138.w.018","source":"軍備","translation":"armament","reading":"ぐんび","words":[{"text":"軍備","gloss":"armament","reading":"ぐんび"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.w.018.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L138.w.019","source":"自衛権","translation":"right of self-defense","reading":"じえいけん","words":[{"text":"自衛権","gloss":"right of self-defense","reading":"じえいけん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.w.019.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L138.w.020","source":"本文","translation":"main text","reading":"ほんぶん","words":[{"text":"本文","gloss":"main text","reading":"ほんぶん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L138.w.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":2,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation and Exercise\n\n1 Topics:\n\na Talk about the following topics with your classmates in Japanese.\n\n(1) The New Japanese Constitution.\n\n(2) Basic Human Rights.\n\n(3) The sketches on pages 139-143.\n\n2 Exercise:\n\na Interpretation Exercise.\n\n1 What is the so-called constitution?\n\n1 憲法というのは、国を治めていく仕事のやり方を はっきりときめておくために必要な色々の 規則の事です。\n\n2 What does the new constitution clarify?\n\n2 主権は国民の手にある事を明らかに しています。\n\n3 What became of the Emperor’s position?\n\n3 天皇は日本国の象徴であり、政治には 関係されないという事になりました。\n\n4 What are the fundamental human rights?\n\n4 思想の自由、信教の自由、婚姻の自由、言論の自由などをふくんだ自由権、参政権、請求権などです。\n\n5 What is one of the special features of this new constitution?\n\n5 それは戦争の放棄です。"},{"section":3,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Study the Narration thoroughly and memorize the vocabulary.\n\n2 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given.\n\n3 Learn to read and write the new Kanji.\n\n4 Read the Cultural Notes."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"主権者","gloss":"sovereign; ruler"},{"word":"前文","gloss":"preamble"},{"word":"参政権","gloss":"suffrage; voting right"},{"word":"請求権","gloss":"a right of claim; demand"},{"word":"--条","gloss":"article"},{"word":"放棄（する）","gloss":"renunciation (to renounce; abandon)"},{"word":"自衛権","gloss":"right of self-defense"}],"paradigms":[]}]}