{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L139","title":"Lesson 139","stage":"Narration and the written language","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 139: the diet and its houses · narration 1 of 2, elections and diet sittings · narration 2 of 2, branches of government and diet · questions 1 of 3, diet members and elections · questions 2 of 3, how bills become laws · questions 3 of 3, legislatures, elections, bills.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/137","lines":75},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/136","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/138","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"The Diet and its houses · Narration 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The Diet and its two houses","paragraphs":["*日本の国会は二院制で、衆議院と参議院とからなっている* means \"The Japanese Diet has a two-house system and consists of the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors.\"","*立法の仕事をするのが国会で、国会のつくる規則を「法律」と言う* means \"The Diet does the work of legislation, and the rules that the Diet makes are called laws.\""]},{"title":"Members and terms","paragraphs":["*両院ともに、その議員は国民から選挙される* means \"The members of both houses are elected by the people.\"","The House of Representatives has 467 members with four-year terms. The House of Councillors has 250 members with six-year terms.","Half of the councillors are elected anew every three years."]},{"title":"Kanji: 議","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 選","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 挙","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 成","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L139.rd.001","source":"国の仕事を大きく三つにわけて 第一に、色々の規則をこしらえる仕事を「立法」と言い、第二に 法律に基づいて裁判を行なう仕事を「司法」と言い、第三に、国の政治を行なう仕事を「行政」と言う。","translation":"The work of the nation is broadly divided into three parts: first, the work of making various rules is called “legislation”; second, the work of conducting trials on the basis of the law is called “the judiciary”; and third, the work of governing the nation is called “administration.”","reading":"くにのしごとをおおきくみっつにわけてだいいちに、いろいろのきそくをこしらえるしごとを「りっぽう」といい、だいににほうりつにもとづいてさいばんをおこなうしごとを「しほう」といい、だいさんに、くにのせいじをおこなうしごとを「ぎょうせい」という。","words":[{"text":"国","gloss":"nation","reading":"くに"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"大きく","gloss":"broadly","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"みっ"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"parts"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"わけて","gloss":"divide"},{"text":"第","gloss":"first","reading":"だい"},{"text":"一","gloss":"first","reading":"いち"},{"text":"に、","gloss":"first"},{"text":"色々","gloss":"various","reading":"いろいろ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"規則","gloss":"rules","reading":"きそく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"こしらえる","gloss":"make"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"「立法」","gloss":"legislation","reading":"りっぽう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い、","gloss":"call","reading":"いい"},{"text":"第","gloss":"second","reading":"だい"},{"text":"二","gloss":"second","reading":"に"},{"text":"に","gloss":"second"},{"text":"法律","gloss":"law","reading":"ほうりつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"基づい","gloss":"based","reading":"もとづい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"based"},{"text":"裁判","gloss":"trials","reading":"さいばん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"行なう","gloss":"conduct","reading":"おこなう"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"「司法」","gloss":"judiciary","reading":"しほう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い、","gloss":"call","reading":"いい"},{"text":"第","gloss":"third","reading":"だい"},{"text":"三","gloss":"third","reading":"さん"},{"text":"に、","gloss":"third"},{"text":"国","gloss":"nation","reading":"くに"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"政治","gloss":"government","reading":"せいじ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"行なう","gloss":"govern","reading":"おこなう"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"「行政」","gloss":"administration","reading":"ぎょうせい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う。","gloss":"call","reading":"いう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L139.rd.002","source":"立法の仕事をするのが国会で、国会のつくる規則を「法律」と言う。","translation":"The Diet does the work of legislation, and the rules that the Diet makes are called “laws.”","reading":"りっぽうのしごとをするのがこっかいで、こっかいのつくるきそくを「ほうりつ」という。","words":[{"text":"立法","gloss":"legislation","reading":"りっぽう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"does"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"国会","gloss":"Diet","reading":"こっかい"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"国会","gloss":"Diet","reading":"こっかい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"that"},{"text":"つくる","gloss":"makes"},{"text":"規則","gloss":"rules","reading":"きそく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"「法律」","gloss":"laws","reading":"ほうりつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う。","gloss":"call","reading":"いう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L139.rd.003","source":"日本の国会は二院制で、衆議院と参議院とからなっている。","translation":"The Japanese Diet has a two-house system and consists of the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors.","reading":"にほんのこっかいはにいんせいで、しゅうぎいんとさんぎいんとからなっている。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"国会","gloss":"Diet","reading":"こっかい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two-house system","reading":"に"},{"text":"院","gloss":"two-house system","reading":"いん"},{"text":"制","gloss":"two-house system","reading":"せい"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"衆議","gloss":"House of Representatives","reading":"しゅうぎ"},{"text":"院","gloss":"House of Representatives","reading":"いん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"参議","gloss":"House of Councillors","reading":"さんぎ"},{"text":"院","gloss":"House of Councillors","reading":"いん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"から","gloss":"of"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"consists"},{"text":"て","gloss":"consists"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"consists"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L139.rd.004","source":"両院ともに、その議員は国民から選挙される。","translation":"The members of both houses are elected by the people.","reading":"りょういんともに、そのぎいんはこくみんからせんきょされる。","words":[{"text":"両院","gloss":"both houses","reading":"りょういん"},{"text":"とも","gloss":"both"},{"text":"に、","gloss":"together"},{"text":"その","gloss":"their"},{"text":"議員","gloss":"members","reading":"ぎいん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"国民","gloss":"people","reading":"こくみん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"by"},{"text":"選挙","gloss":"are elected","reading":"せんきょ"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"are elected"},{"text":"れる。","gloss":"are elected"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L139.rd.005","source":"衆議院議員の任期は四年で、","translation":"The term of office of a member of the House of Representatives is four years.","reading":"しゅうぎいんぎいんのにんきはよねんで、","words":[{"text":"衆議","gloss":"House of Representatives","reading":"しゅうぎ"},{"text":"院","gloss":"House of Representatives","reading":"いん"},{"text":"議員","gloss":"member","reading":"ぎいん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"任期","gloss":"term of office","reading":"にんき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four","reading":"よ"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L139.rd.006","source":"議員の数は四百六十七人である。","translation":"The number of members is 467.","reading":"ぎいんのかずはよんひゃくろくじゅうしちにんである。","words":[{"text":"議員","gloss":"members","reading":"ぎいん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"数","gloss":"number","reading":"かず"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"四百","gloss":"400"},{"text":"六十","gloss":"60"},{"text":"七","gloss":"7"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L139.rd.007","source":"参議院議員の任期は六年だが、三年ごとに、その半数の改選がある。","translation":"The term of office of a member of the House of Councillors is six years, but half of the members are elected anew every three years.","reading":"さんぎいんぎいんのにんきはろくねんだが、さんねんごとに、そのはんすうのかいせんがある。","words":[{"text":"参議","gloss":"House of Councillors","reading":"さんぎ"},{"text":"院","gloss":"House of Councillors","reading":"いん"},{"text":"議員","gloss":"member","reading":"ぎいん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"任期","gloss":"term of office","reading":"にんき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"ごと","gloss":"every"},{"text":"に、","gloss":"at"},{"text":"その","gloss":"their"},{"text":"半数","gloss":"half","reading":"はんすう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"改選","gloss":"reelection","reading":"かいせん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"occurs"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L139.rd.008","source":"議員の数は二百五十人である。","translation":"The number of members is 250.","reading":"ぎいんのかずはにひゃくごじゅうにんである。","words":[{"text":"議員","gloss":"members","reading":"ぎいん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"数","gloss":"number","reading":"かず"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"二百","gloss":"200"},{"text":"五十","gloss":"50"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.rd.008.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"1 The Diet\nThe Diet is the highest organ of state power and the only law-making body. It consists of two houses, the House of Representatives (467 seats) and the House of Councillors (250 seats). The members of the House of Representatives are elected for a four-year term, but their tenure of office is terminated with a dissolution of the House. The members of the House of Councillors are elected for a six-year term, with one-half elected every three years. There is no dissolution of the House of Councillors.\nThe members of the House of Representatives are elected from 118 electoral districts. One hundred of the councillors are elected on a national basis while the remainder are elected on a prefectural basis (46 prefectures).\nThe minimum voting age is 20 years. The new constitution also grants suffrage to women for the first time in Japan’s history, and women have already exerted considerable influence on the course of the nation’s policies. As a result of the most recent elections (November, 1960 for the House of Representatives; June, 1959 for the House of Councillors) they held seven seats in the House of Representatives, and thirteen in the House of Councillors.\nEach of the two Houses of the Diet establishes standing and special committees. Every Diet member is assigned to at least one committee. These committees examine and deliberate all the bills, petitions, representations and other matters which come under their respective spheres of responsibility.\nA bill is enacted into law upon approval by both Houses of the Diet, but the House of Representatives has the power to override the decisions of the House of Councillors.\n\nPolitical Parties and Their Strength\n9 December 1964\n\n| House of Representatives | House of Councillors\nLiberal-Democratic Party(自民党) | 287 | 145\nSocialist Party(社会党) | 144 | 65\nDemocratic Socialist Party(民主社会党) | 23 | 10\nCommunist Party(共産党) | 4 | 3\nKoomei Party(公明党) | | 15\nOthers | 1 | 9\nVacancy | 8 | 3\nTotal | 467* | 250**\n\n3 to 5 members per district are elected from 117 electoral districts.\n\n100 are elected from the national constituency, 150 are elected from the prefectural constituency."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"国","gloss":"country, nation"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"こしらえる","gloss":"to make (v.t.)"},{"word":"「立法」","gloss":"legislative; lawmaking"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"法律","gloss":"law"},{"word":"裁判","gloss":"trial; judgment"},{"word":"「司法」","gloss":"judicial"},{"word":"政治","gloss":"government; adminis-tration; politics"},{"word":"言う。","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"国会","gloss":"Diet"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いる。","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"両院","gloss":"both houses"},{"word":"議員","gloss":"members of the Diet"},{"word":"れる。","gloss":"to be able to --\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"任期","gloss":"term of office"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"数","gloss":"number"},{"word":"四百","gloss":"400"},{"word":"六十","gloss":"60"},{"word":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"ある。","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"六","gloss":"six"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"半数","gloss":"half the number"},{"word":"改選","gloss":"reelection"},{"word":"二百","gloss":"200"},{"word":"五十","gloss":"50"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Elections and Diet sittings · Narration 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Voting and eligibility","paragraphs":["*国会議員の選挙は二十才以上の国民は男女を問わず行なう事が出来る* means \"All citizens twenty years old or older, whether men or women, can vote in elections for members of the Diet.\"","*衆議院議員の場合は二十五才以上、参議院議員の場合には三十才以上になると被選挙権が得られる* gives age twenty-five for the House of Representatives and thirty for the House of Councillors."]},{"title":"Three kinds of session","paragraphs":["*国会の常会は毎年一百五十日間ときまっていて* means \"The regular session of the Diet is fixed at 150 days every year.\"","It usually opens in early December. Extraordinary and special sessions meet when necessary.","After dissolution, the election occurs within forty days. The new Diet opens within thirty days of that election."]},{"title":"Kanji: 問","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 得","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L139.rd.009","source":"国会議員の選挙は二十才以上の国民は男女を問わず行なう事が出来る。","translation":"All citizens twenty years old or older, whether men or women, can vote in elections for members of the Diet.","reading":"こっかいぎいんのせんきょはにじゅっさいいじょうのこくみんはだんじょをとわずおこなうことができる。","words":[{"text":"国会","gloss":"Diet members","reading":"こっかい"},{"text":"議員","gloss":"Diet members","reading":"ぎいん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"for"},{"text":"選挙","gloss":"elections","reading":"せんきょ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"二十","gloss":"20"},{"text":"才","gloss":"years old"},{"text":"以上","gloss":"or older"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"国民","gloss":"citizens","reading":"こくみん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"男女","gloss":"men or women","reading":"だんじょ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"問わ","gloss":"regardless of","reading":"とわ"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"regardless of"},{"text":"行なう","gloss":"vote","reading":"おこなう"},{"text":"事","gloss":"doing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来る。","gloss":"can","reading":"できる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L139.rd.010","source":"又日本国民はだれでも国会議員になる事が出来る。","translation":"Also, any Japanese citizen can become a member of the Diet.","reading":"またにほんこくみんはだれでもこっかいぎいんになることができる。","words":[{"text":"又","gloss":"also"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"国民","gloss":"citizen"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"anyone"},{"text":"で","gloss":"anyone"},{"text":"も","gloss":"anyone"},{"text":"国会","gloss":"Diet member","reading":"こっかい"},{"text":"議員","gloss":"Diet member","reading":"ぎいん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"事","gloss":"becoming","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来る。","gloss":"can","reading":"できる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L139.rd.011","source":"衆議院議員の場合は二十五才以上、参議院議員の場合には三十才以上になると被選挙権が得られる。","translation":"A person gains the right to be elected at age twenty-five for the House of Representatives and at age thirty for the House of Councillors.","reading":"しゅうぎいんぎいんのばあいはにじゅうごさいいじょう、さんぎいんぎいんのばあいにはさんじゅっさいいじょうになるとひせんきょけんがえられる。","words":[{"text":"衆議","gloss":"House of Representatives","reading":"しゅうぎ"},{"text":"院","gloss":"House of Representatives","reading":"いん"},{"text":"議員","gloss":"member","reading":"ぎいん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"for"},{"text":"場合","gloss":"case","reading":"ばあい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"二十","gloss":"20","reading":"にじゅう"},{"text":"五","gloss":"five","reading":"ご"},{"text":"才","gloss":"years old","reading":"さい"},{"text":"以上、","gloss":"or older","reading":"いじょう"},{"text":"参議","gloss":"House of Councillors","reading":"さんぎ"},{"text":"院","gloss":"House of Councillors","reading":"いん"},{"text":"議員","gloss":"member","reading":"ぎいん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"for"},{"text":"場合","gloss":"case","reading":"ばあい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"三十","gloss":"30"},{"text":"才","gloss":"years old"},{"text":"以上","gloss":"or older"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"reach"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"被","gloss":"electoral eligibility","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"選挙","gloss":"electoral eligibility","reading":"せんきょ"},{"text":"権","gloss":"electoral eligibility","reading":"けん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"得","gloss":"is gained","reading":"え"},{"text":"られる。","gloss":"is gained"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L139.rd.012","source":"国会の常会は毎年一百五十日間ときまっていて、","translation":"The regular session of the Diet is fixed at 150 days every year.","reading":"こっかいのじょうかいはまいねんいっぴゃくごじゅうにちかんときまっていて、","words":[{"text":"国会","gloss":"Diet","reading":"こっかい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"常会","gloss":"regular session","reading":"じょうかい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎年","gloss":"every year"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one"},{"text":"百","gloss":"hundred"},{"text":"五十","gloss":"50"},{"text":"日間","gloss":"days"},{"text":"と","gloss":"at"},{"text":"きまっ","gloss":"is fixed"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is fixed"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is fixed"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"is fixed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.rd.012.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L139.rd.013","source":"大抵十二月上旬に開会する。","translation":"It usually opens in early December.","reading":"たいていじゅうにがつじょうじゅんにかいかいする。","words":[{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually"},{"text":"十","gloss":"December"},{"text":"二","gloss":"December"},{"text":"月","gloss":"December"},{"text":"上旬","gloss":"early"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"開会","gloss":"opening","reading":"かいかい"},{"text":"する。","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.rd.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L139.rd.014","source":"この外に、必要の場合、臨時会や特別会を開く。","translation":"In addition, extraordinary sessions and special sessions are held when necessary.","reading":"このほかに、ひつようのばあい、りんじかいやとくべつかいをひらく。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"外","gloss":"besides","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に、","gloss":"in"},{"text":"必要","gloss":"necessary","reading":"ひつよう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"場合、","gloss":"case","reading":"ばあい"},{"text":"臨時","gloss":"extraordinary session","reading":"りんじ"},{"text":"会","gloss":"extraordinary session","reading":"かい"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"特別","gloss":"special session","reading":"とくべつ"},{"text":"会","gloss":"special session","reading":"かい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"開く。","gloss":"hold","reading":"ひらく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.rd.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L139.rd.015","source":"特別会というのは、国会が解散された時、解散の日から四十日以内に選挙を行なって、その選挙の日から三十日以内に開く新しい国会の事である。","translation":"A special session is a new session of the Diet that is held after the Diet has been dissolved, with an election held within forty days of the dissolution and the session opening within thirty days of that election.","reading":"とくべつかいというのは、こっかいがかいさんされたとき、かいさんのひからよんじゅうにちいないにせんきょをおこなって、そのせんきょのひからさんじゅうにちいないにひらくあたらしいこっかいのことである。","words":[{"text":"特別","gloss":"special session","reading":"とくべつ"},{"text":"会","gloss":"special session","reading":"かい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"国会","gloss":"Diet","reading":"こっかい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"解散","gloss":"was dissolved","reading":"かいさん"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"was dissolved"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was dissolved"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was dissolved"},{"text":"時、","gloss":"when","reading":"とき"},{"text":"解散","gloss":"dissolution","reading":"かいさん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"四十","gloss":"40"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days"},{"text":"以内","gloss":"within"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"選挙","gloss":"election","reading":"せんきょ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"行なっ","gloss":"held","reading":"おこなっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"held"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"選挙","gloss":"election","reading":"せんきょ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"三十","gloss":"30"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days"},{"text":"以内","gloss":"within"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"開く","gloss":"opens","reading":"ひらく"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"国会","gloss":"Diet","reading":"こっかい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"session","reading":"こと"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.rd.015.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"二十","gloss":"20"},{"word":"出来る。","gloss":"to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)"},{"word":"だれ","gloss":"who?"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"も","gloss":"as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"三十","gloss":"30"},{"word":"常会","gloss":"regular session"},{"word":"毎年","gloss":"every year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"百","gloss":"100"},{"word":"い","gloss":"stomach"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"月","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"上旬","gloss":"first 10 days of a month"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"時、","gloss":"time"},{"word":"四十","gloss":"40"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Branches of government and Diet · Questions 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"National work and the Diet","paragraphs":["*国の仕事を大きく三つにわけると、何と何と何ですか* means \"When the work of the nation is broadly divided into three parts, what are they?\"","An answer names legislation, the judiciary, and administration. Other answers state the Diet's legislative work and name its two houses."]}],"lines":[{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.001","source":"「国会」","translation":"The Diet","reading":"「こっかい」","words":[{"text":"「国会」","gloss":"Diet","reading":"こっかい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.001.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.002","source":"日本語で 次の質問に 答えてください。","translation":"Please answer the following questions in Japanese.","reading":"にほんごでつぎのしつもんにこたえてください。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"次","gloss":"following","reading":"つぎ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"質問","gloss":"questions","reading":"しつもん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"答え","gloss":"answer","reading":"こたえ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"answer"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.002.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.003","source":"国の仕事を大きく三つにわけると、何と何と何ですか。","translation":"When the work of the nation is broadly divided into three parts, what are they?","reading":"くにのしごとをおおきくみっつにわけると、なんとなんとなんですか。","words":[{"text":"国","gloss":"nation","reading":"くに"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"大きく","gloss":"broadly","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"みっ"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"parts"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"わける","gloss":"divide"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.003.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.004","source":"立法というのは どんな事ですか。","translation":"What is legislation?","reading":"りっぽうというのはどんなことですか。","words":[{"text":"立法","gloss":"legislation","reading":"りっぽう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"called"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"say"},{"text":"の","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.004.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.005","source":"司法とは？","translation":"What is the judiciary?","reading":"しほうとは？","words":[{"text":"司法","gloss":"judiciary","reading":"しほう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"called"},{"text":"は？","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.005.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.006","source":"行政とは？","translation":"What is administration?","reading":"ぎょうせいとは？","words":[{"text":"行政","gloss":"administration","reading":"ぎょうせい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"called"},{"text":"は？","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.006.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.007","source":"国会では どんな仕事をしますか。","translation":"What kind of work does the Diet do?","reading":"こっかいではどんなしごとをしますか。","words":[{"text":"国会","gloss":"the Diet","reading":"こっかい"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.007.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.008","source":"日本の国会は 何院制ですか。","translation":"How many houses does the Japanese Diet have?","reading":"にほんのこっかいはなんいんせいですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"国会","gloss":"the Diet","reading":"こっかい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"院","gloss":"houses","reading":"いん"},{"text":"制","gloss":"system","reading":"せい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.008.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.009","source":"それは 何と何ですか。","translation":"What are the two houses?","reading":"それはなんとなんですか。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"those"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.009.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"「国会」","gloss":"Diet"},{"word":"ください。","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"立法","gloss":"legislative; lawmaking"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"司法","gloss":"judicial"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Diet members and elections · Questions 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Members, elections, and terms","paragraphs":["*国会の議員は どうして えらばれますか* means \"How are the members of the Diet chosen?\"","An answer says that the people elect them. Other answers give each house's membership, terms, eligibility ages, and the regular session's length."]}],"lines":[{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.010","source":"国会の議員は どうして えらばれますか。","translation":"How are the members of the Diet chosen?","reading":"こっかいのぎいんはどうしてえらばれますか。","words":[{"text":"国会","gloss":"the Diet","reading":"こっかい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"議員","gloss":"members","reading":"ぎいん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"えらば","gloss":"choose"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.010.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.011","source":"衆議院議員の任期は 何年ですか。","translation":"How many years is the term of office of a member of the House of Representatives?","reading":"しゅうぎいんぎいんのにんきはなんねんですか。","words":[{"text":"衆議","gloss":"House of Representatives","reading":"しゅうぎ"},{"text":"院","gloss":"House of Representatives","reading":"いん"},{"text":"議員","gloss":"member","reading":"ぎいん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"任期","gloss":"term of office","reading":"にんき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.011.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.012","source":"衆議院議員の数は どのくらいですか。","translation":"How many members are there in the House of Representatives?","reading":"しゅうぎいんぎいんのかずはどのくらいですか。","words":[{"text":"衆議","gloss":"House of Representatives","reading":"しゅうぎ"},{"text":"院","gloss":"House of Representatives","reading":"いん"},{"text":"議員","gloss":"members","reading":"ぎいん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"数","gloss":"number","reading":"かず"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"many"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.012.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.013","source":"参議院議員の任期は 何年ですか。","translation":"How many years is the term of office of a member of the House of Councillors?","reading":"さんぎいんぎいんのにんきはなんねんですか。","words":[{"text":"参議","gloss":"House of Councillors","reading":"さんぎ"},{"text":"院","gloss":"House of Councillors","reading":"いん"},{"text":"議員","gloss":"member","reading":"ぎいん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"任期","gloss":"term of office","reading":"にんき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.013.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.014","source":"参議院議員の数は？","translation":"How many members are there in the House of Councillors?","reading":"さんぎいんぎいんのかずは？","words":[{"text":"参議","gloss":"House of Councillors","reading":"さんぎ"},{"text":"院","gloss":"House of Councillors","reading":"いん"},{"text":"議員","gloss":"members","reading":"ぎいん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"数","gloss":"number","reading":"かず"},{"text":"は？","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.014.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.015","source":"国会議員の選挙は だれがしますか。","translation":"Who votes in elections for members of the Diet?","reading":"こっかいぎいんのせんきょはだれがしますか。","words":[{"text":"国会","gloss":"the Diet","reading":"こっかい"},{"text":"議員","gloss":"members","reading":"ぎいん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"選挙","gloss":"elections","reading":"せんきょ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.015.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.016","source":"衆議院議員になるためには 何才でなければなりませんか。","translation":"How old must a person be to become a member of the House of Representatives?","reading":"しゅうぎいんぎいんになるためにはなんさいでなければなりませんか。","words":[{"text":"衆議","gloss":"House of Representatives","reading":"しゅうぎ"},{"text":"院","gloss":"House of Representatives","reading":"いん"},{"text":"議員","gloss":"member","reading":"ぎいん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"in order"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how old","reading":"なん"},{"text":"才","gloss":"how old","reading":"さい"},{"text":"で","gloss":"be"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not be"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.016.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.017","source":"参議院議員の場合は どうですか。","translation":"What about a member of the House of Councillors?","reading":"さんぎいんぎいんのばあいはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"参議","gloss":"House of Councillors","reading":"さんぎ"},{"text":"院","gloss":"House of Councillors","reading":"いん"},{"text":"議員","gloss":"member","reading":"ぎいん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"場合","gloss":"case","reading":"ばあい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.017.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.018","source":"国会の常会は どのくらいですか。","translation":"How long is the regular session of the Diet?","reading":"こっかいのじょうかいはどのくらいですか。","words":[{"text":"国会","gloss":"the Diet","reading":"こっかい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"常会","gloss":"regular session","reading":"じょうかい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"long"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"どの","gloss":"which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)"},{"word":"くらい","gloss":"dark"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"How bills become laws · Questions 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Sessions and a bill's path","paragraphs":["*特別会というのは 何ですか* means \"What is a special session?\" The opening questions distinguish regular, extraordinary, and special sessions.","The later lines follow a bill through a specialized committee, a public hearing, and a majority vote in a plenary session.","Both houses complete the same procedure before the bill becomes an official law."]},{"title":"Kanji: 決","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.019","source":"国会はいつ頃開会になりますか。","translation":"About when does the Diet open?","reading":"こっかいはいつごろかいかいになりますか。","words":[{"text":"国会","gloss":"the Diet","reading":"こっかい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ頃","gloss":"about when","reading":"いつごろ"},{"text":"開会","gloss":"open","reading":"かいかい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.019.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.020","source":"常会の外に どんな会がありますか。","translation":"What kinds of sessions are there besides the regular session?","reading":"じょうかいのほかにどんなかいがありますか。","words":[{"text":"常会","gloss":"regular session","reading":"じょうかい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"外","gloss":"besides","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kinds of"},{"text":"会","gloss":"sessions","reading":"かい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.020.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.021","source":"特別会というのは 何ですか。","translation":"What is a special session?","reading":"とくべつかいというのはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"特別","gloss":"special","reading":"とくべつ"},{"text":"会","gloss":"session","reading":"かい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"called"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"say"},{"text":"の","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.021.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.022","source":"国民","translation":"The people","reading":"こくみん","words":[{"text":"国民","gloss":"the people","reading":"こくみん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.022.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.023","source":"法律をつくるには、まず政府か議員が法律案を国会に提出するか、発議するかします。","translation":"To make a law, the government or a member of the Diet first submits or proposes a bill to the Diet.","reading":"ほうりつをつくるには、まずせいふかぎいんがほうりつあんをこっかいにていしゅつするか、はつぎするかします。","words":[{"text":"法律","gloss":"law","reading":"ほうりつ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つくる","gloss":"make"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まず","gloss":"first"},{"text":"政府","gloss":"government","reading":"せいふ"},{"text":"か","gloss":"or"},{"text":"議員","gloss":"Diet member","reading":"ぎいん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"法律","gloss":"bill","reading":"ほうりつ"},{"text":"案","gloss":"bill","reading":"あん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"国会","gloss":"the Diet","reading":"こっかい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"提出","gloss":"submit","reading":"ていしゅつ"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"or"},{"text":"発議","gloss":"propose","reading":"はつぎ"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"か","gloss":"or"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.023.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.024","source":"衆議院と参議院はその案をそれぞれ専門の委員会にまわします。","translation":"The House of Representatives and the House of Councillors each send the bill to the appropriate specialized committee.","reading":"しゅうぎいんとさんぎいんはそのあんをそれぞれせんもんのいいんかいにまわします。","words":[{"text":"衆議","gloss":"House of Representatives","reading":"しゅうぎ"},{"text":"院","gloss":"House of Representatives","reading":"いん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"参議","gloss":"House of Councillors","reading":"さんぎ"},{"text":"院","gloss":"House of Councillors","reading":"いん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"案","gloss":"bill","reading":"あん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"それぞれ","gloss":"each"},{"text":"専門","gloss":"specialized","reading":"せんもん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"委員","gloss":"committee","reading":"いいん"},{"text":"会","gloss":"committee","reading":"かい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"まわし","gloss":"send"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.024.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.025","source":"委員会はその法案に関係のある人たちや多くの専門の学者の意見を聞くために公聴会を開いたりして、じゅう分審議した上で、多数決で賛否をきめます。","translation":"The committee holds public hearings to hear the opinions of people concerned with the bill and many experts, deliberates on it fully, and then decides for or against it by majority vote.","reading":"いいんかいはそのほうあんにかんけいのあるひとたちやおおくのせんもんのがくしゃのいけんをきくためにこうちょうかいをひらいたりして、じゅうぶんしんぎしたうえで、たすうけつでさんぴをきめます。","words":[{"text":"委員","gloss":"committee","reading":"いいん"},{"text":"会","gloss":"committee","reading":"かい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"法","gloss":"bill","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"案","gloss":"bill","reading":"あん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"関係","gloss":"concern","reading":"かんけい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"having"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"plural"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"専門","gloss":"expert","reading":"せんもん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"学者","gloss":"scholars","reading":"がくしゃ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"意見","gloss":"opinions","reading":"いけん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"聞く","gloss":"hear","reading":"きく"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"in order"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"公聴","gloss":"public hearing","reading":"こうちょう"},{"text":"会","gloss":"public hearing","reading":"かい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"開い","gloss":"hold","reading":"ひらい"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"じゅう","gloss":"fully"},{"text":"分","gloss":"fully","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"審議","gloss":"deliberate","reading":"しんぎ"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"上","gloss":"after","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"多数","gloss":"majority vote","reading":"たすう"},{"text":"決","gloss":"majority vote","reading":"けつ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"賛否","gloss":"for or against","reading":"さんぴ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"きめ","gloss":"decide"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.025.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.026","source":"これを本会議にかけて、もう一度多数決できめます。","translation":"It is then brought before a plenary session and decided once more by majority vote.","reading":"これをほんかいぎにかけて、もういちどたすうけつできめます。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"本","gloss":"plenary session","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"会議","gloss":"plenary session","reading":"かいぎ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かけ","gloss":"bring"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"once"},{"text":"一","gloss":"once","reading":"いち"},{"text":"度","gloss":"once","reading":"ど"},{"text":"多数","gloss":"majority vote","reading":"たすう"},{"text":"決","gloss":"majority vote","reading":"けつ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"きめ","gloss":"decide"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.026.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L139.q.027","source":"一つの議院できめられた法律案は、さらに他の議院にまわされ、同じ手続きをへて決定された上で、正式の法律となります。","translation":"A bill approved by one house is then sent to the other house and, after going through the same procedure and being approved, becomes an official law.","reading":"ひとつのぎいんできめられたほうりつあんは、さらにほかのぎいんにまわされ、おなじてつづきをへてけっていされたうえで、せいしきのほうりつとなります。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"議院","gloss":"house","reading":"ぎいん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"きめ","gloss":"decide"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"be"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"法律","gloss":"bill","reading":"ほうりつ"},{"text":"案","gloss":"bill","reading":"あん"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さらに","gloss":"then"},{"text":"他","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"議院","gloss":"house","reading":"ぎいん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"まわさ","gloss":"send"},{"text":"れ、","gloss":"be"},{"text":"同じ","gloss":"same","reading":"おなじ"},{"text":"手続き","gloss":"procedure","reading":"てつづき"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"go through"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"決定","gloss":"approve","reading":"けってい"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"be"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"上","gloss":"after","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"正式","gloss":"official","reading":"せいしき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"法律","gloss":"law","reading":"ほうりつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.q.027.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"まず","gloss":"first, first of all"},{"word":"それぞれ","gloss":"respectively"},{"word":"関係","gloss":"relationship"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"多く","gloss":"many of them"},{"word":"意見","gloss":"opinion"},{"word":"分","gloss":"minute"},{"word":"賛否","gloss":"approval or no approval; yes or no"},{"word":"本","gloss":"numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)"},{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"正式","gloss":"formal"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Legislatures, courts and elected members · Word list 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"The legislature and its members","paragraphs":["These words cover lawmaking, courts, the Diet's structure, its elected members, and their terms.","*立法* means \"legislative\" or \"lawmaking.\" *二院制* means \"bicameral system.\" *議員* means \"members of the Diet.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.001","source":"立法","translation":"legislative; lawmaking","reading":"りっぽう","words":[{"text":"立法","gloss":"lawmaking","reading":"りっぽう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.001.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.002","source":"裁判","translation":"trial; judgment","reading":"さいばん","words":[{"text":"裁判","gloss":"trial; judgment","reading":"さいばん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.002.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.003","source":"司法","translation":"judicial","reading":"しほう","words":[{"text":"司法","gloss":"judicial","reading":"しほう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.003.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.004","source":"二院制","translation":"bicameral system","reading":"にいんせい","words":[{"text":"二院制","gloss":"bicameral system","reading":"にいんせい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.004.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.005","source":"衆議院","translation":"House of Representatives","reading":"しゅうぎいん","words":[{"text":"衆議院","gloss":"House of Representatives","reading":"しゅうぎいん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.005.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.006","source":"参議院","translation":"House of Councillors","reading":"さんぎいん","words":[{"text":"参議院","gloss":"House of Councillors","reading":"さんぎいん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.006.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.007","source":"両院","translation":"both houses","reading":"りょういん","words":[{"text":"両院","gloss":"both houses","reading":"りょういん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.007.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.008","source":"議員","translation":"members of the Diet","reading":"ぎいん","words":[{"text":"議員","gloss":"Diet members","reading":"ぎいん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.008.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.009","source":"選挙する","translation":"elect","reading":"せんきょする","words":[{"text":"選挙する","gloss":"elect","reading":"せんきょする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.009.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.010","source":"任期","translation":"term of office","reading":"にんき","words":[{"text":"任期","gloss":"term of office","reading":"にんき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.010.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.011","source":"改選","translation":"reelection","reading":"かいせん","words":[{"text":"改選","gloss":"reelection","reading":"かいせん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.011.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"二院制","gloss":"bicameral system"},{"word":"衆議院","gloss":"House of Representatives"},{"word":"参議院","gloss":"House of Councillors"},{"word":"選挙する","gloss":"elect"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Elections, sittings and dissolution · Word list 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Elections and Diet sessions","paragraphs":["These words cover election eligibility, Diet sessions, dissolution, deadlines, decisions, procedures, and bills.","*被選挙権* means \"electoral eligibility.\" *解散（する）* means \"dissolution\" or \"to dissolve.\" *--以内に* means \"within --.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.012","source":"男女を問わず","translation":"irrespective of sex","reading":"だんじょをとわず","words":[{"text":"男女を問わず","gloss":"regardless of sex","reading":"だんじょをとわず"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.012.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.013","source":"被選挙権","translation":"electoral eligibility","reading":"ひせんきょけん","words":[{"text":"被選挙権","gloss":"electoral eligibility","reading":"ひせんきょけん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.013.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.014","source":"常会","translation":"regular session","reading":"じょうかい","words":[{"text":"常会","gloss":"regular session","reading":"じょうかい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.014.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.015","source":"臨時会","translation":"emergency session","reading":"りんじかい","words":[{"text":"臨時会","gloss":"emergency session","reading":"りんじかい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.015.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.016","source":"決定する","translation":"decide","reading":"けっていする","words":[{"text":"決定する","gloss":"decide","reading":"けっていする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.016.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.017","source":"可決する","translation":"pass; approve","reading":"かけつする","words":[{"text":"可決する","gloss":"pass; approve","reading":"かけつする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.017.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.018","source":"手続","translation":"procedure","reading":"てつづき","words":[{"text":"手続","gloss":"procedure","reading":"てつづき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.018.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.019","source":"特別会","translation":"extraordinary session","reading":"とくべつかい","words":[{"text":"特別会","gloss":"extraordinary session","reading":"とくべつかい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.019.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.020","source":"解散（する）","translation":"dissolution (to dissolve)","reading":"かいさん（する）","words":[{"text":"解散（する）","gloss":"dissolution; dissolve","reading":"かいさん（する）"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.020.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.021","source":"--以内に","translation":"within --","reading":"--いないに","words":[{"text":"--以内に","gloss":"within","reading":"--いないに"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.021.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.022","source":"法案","translation":"bill; measure","reading":"ほうあん","words":[{"text":"法案","gloss":"bill; measure","reading":"ほうあん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"男女を問わず","gloss":"irrespective of sex"},{"word":"被選挙権","gloss":"electoral eligibility"},{"word":"臨時会","gloss":"emergency session"},{"word":"決定する","gloss":"decide"},{"word":"可決する","gloss":"pass; approve"},{"word":"手続","gloss":"procedure"},{"word":"特別会","gloss":"extraordinary session"},{"word":"解散（する）","gloss":"dissolution (to dissolve)"},{"word":"--以内に","gloss":"within --"},{"word":"法案","gloss":"bill; measure"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Bills, committees and public hearings · Word list 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"From a bill to a decision","paragraphs":["These words cover submitting and examining bills through committees, public hearings, majority votes, and plenary sessions.","*委員会* means \"committee.\" *公聴会* means \"public hearing.\" *多数決で* means \"by majority vote.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.023","source":"提出する","translation":"submit","reading":"ていしゅつする","words":[{"text":"提出する","gloss":"submit","reading":"ていしゅつする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.023.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.024","source":"法律案","translation":"legislative bill; draft of a proposed law","reading":"ほうりつあん","words":[{"text":"法律案","gloss":"legislative bill","reading":"ほうりつあん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.024.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.025","source":"発議する","translation":"propose; sniggest","reading":"はつぎする","words":[{"text":"発議する","gloss":"propose","reading":"はつぎする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.025.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.026","source":"専門の","translation":"expert; professional","reading":"せんもんの","words":[{"text":"専門の","gloss":"expert; professional","reading":"せんもんの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.026.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.027","source":"委員会","translation":"committee","reading":"いいんかい","words":[{"text":"委員会","gloss":"committee","reading":"いいんかい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.027.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.028","source":"意見","translation":"opinion","reading":"いけん","words":[{"text":"意見","gloss":"opinion","reading":"いけん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.028.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.029","source":"公聴会","translation":"public hearing","reading":"こうちょうかい","words":[{"text":"公聴会","gloss":"public hearing","reading":"こうちょうかい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.029.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.030","source":"審議する","translation":"discuss; deliberate on-----","reading":"しんぎする","words":[{"text":"審議する","gloss":"deliberate on","reading":"しんぎする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.030.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.031","source":"多数決で","translation":"by majority vote","reading":"たすうけつで","words":[{"text":"多数決で","gloss":"by majority vote","reading":"たすうけつで"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.031.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.032","source":"賛否","translation":"approval or no approval; yes or no","reading":"さんぴ","words":[{"text":"賛否","gloss":"approval or disapproval","reading":"さんぴ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.032.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L139.w.033","source":"本会議","translation":"plenary session","reading":"ほんかいぎ","words":[{"text":"本会議","gloss":"plenary session","reading":"ほんかいぎ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L139.w.033.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":2,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation and Exercise\n\n1 Topics;\n\na Talk about the following topics with your classmates in Japanese.\n\n(1) A comparative study of Japanese Diet and United States Congress.\n\n(2) Three branches of the government.\n\n(3) Rights to be elected.\n\n(4) Procedure of how a legislative bill becomes a law.\n\n2 Exercise;\n\na Interpretation Exercise\n\n1 What is judiciary?\n\n1 法律に基づいて裁判を行なう仕事を司法と言います。\n\n2 How are the members of the Diet elected?\n\n2 両院ともに、その議員は国民から選挙されます。\n\n3 Who selects the members of the Diet?\n\n3 二十才以上の国民は男女を問わず国会議員の選挙を行なう事が出来ます。\n\n4 What is a so-called extraordinary session of the Diet?\n\n4 特別会というのは国会が解散された時、解散の日から四十日以内に選挙を行なって、その選挙の日から三十日以内に開く新しい国会です。\n\n5 When does the regular session of the Diet open?\n\n5 国会の常会は大抵十二月上旬に開会します。"},{"section":3,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Study the Narration thoroughly and memorize the vocabulary,\n\n2 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercise given.\n\n3 Learn to read and write the new Kanji,\n\n4 Read the Cultural Notes."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"提出する","gloss":"submit"},{"word":"法律案","gloss":"legislative bill; draft of a proposed law"},{"word":"発議する","gloss":"propose; sniggest"},{"word":"専門の","gloss":"expert; professional"},{"word":"委員会","gloss":"committee"},{"word":"公聴会","gloss":"public hearing"},{"word":"審議する","gloss":"discuss; deliberate on-----"},{"word":"多数決で","gloss":"by majority vote"},{"word":"本会議","gloss":"plenary session"}],"paradigms":[]}]}