{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L140","title":"Lesson 140","stage":"Narration and the written language","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 140: choosing the prime minister · narration 1 of 2, no-confidence votes and dissolution · narration 2 of 2, cabinet ministers and portfolios · questions 1 of 3, ministers and cabinet selection · questions 2 of 3, cabinet responsibility and opposition · questions 3 of 3, cabinet, candidates, political parties and senior ministers · word list 3 of 4, ministers for public services · word list 4 of 4.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/138","lines":77},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/137","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/139","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Choosing the prime minister · Narration 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The Cabinet and its leader","paragraphs":["*内閣総理大臣は国会議員の中から国会の議決で指名される* means \"The Prime Minister is designated by a resolution of the Diet from among the members of the Diet.\"","The Cabinet consists of the Prime Minister and the other Ministers of State. The Prime Minister chooses those other ministers.","A majority of the ministers must come from the Diet."]},{"title":"Responsibility to the Diet","paragraphs":["*内閣は国会に対して連帯して責任をおう* means \"The Cabinet is collectively responsible to the Diet.\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 臣","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 党","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 持","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 相","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L140.rd.001","source":"内閣は国の行政をうけもつ機関である。","translation":"The Cabinet is the organ responsible for the administration of the country.","reading":"ないかくはくにのぎょうせいをうけもつきかんである。","words":[{"text":"内閣","gloss":"Cabinet","reading":"ないかく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"国","gloss":"country","reading":"くに"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"行政","gloss":"administration","reading":"ぎょうせい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"うけもつ","gloss":"is responsible for"},{"text":"機関","gloss":"organ","reading":"きかん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"as"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L140.rd.002","source":"内閣は内閣総理大臣（普通 首相と呼ばれる）とその他の国務大臣からなっている。","translation":"The Cabinet consists of the Prime Minister (usually called the premier) and the other Ministers of State.","reading":"ないかくはないかくそうりだいじん（ふつうしゅしょうとよばれる）とそのたのこくむだいじんからなっている。","words":[{"text":"内閣","gloss":"Cabinet","reading":"ないかく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"内閣","gloss":"Prime Minister","reading":"ないかく"},{"text":"総理","gloss":"Prime Minister","reading":"そうり"},{"text":"大臣","gloss":"Prime Minister","reading":"だいじん"},{"text":"（普通","gloss":"usually","reading":"ふつう"},{"text":"首相","gloss":"premier","reading":"しゅしょう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"呼ば","gloss":"is called","reading":"よば"},{"text":"れる）","gloss":"is called"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"その","gloss":"other"},{"text":"他","gloss":"other","reading":"た"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"国務","gloss":"Ministers of State","reading":"こくむ"},{"text":"大臣","gloss":"Ministers of State","reading":"だいじん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"of"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"consists"},{"text":"て","gloss":"consists"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"consists"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L140.rd.003","source":"内閣総理大臣は国会議員の中から国会の議決で指名される。","translation":"The Prime Minister is designated by a resolution of the Diet from among the members of the Diet.","reading":"ないかくそうりだいじんはこっかいぎいんのなかからこっかいのぎけつでしめいされる。","words":[{"text":"内閣","gloss":"Prime Minister","reading":"ないかく"},{"text":"総理","gloss":"Prime Minister","reading":"そうり"},{"text":"大臣","gloss":"Prime Minister","reading":"だいじん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"国会","gloss":"Diet","reading":"こっかい"},{"text":"議員","gloss":"members","reading":"ぎいん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中","gloss":"among","reading":"なか"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"国会","gloss":"Diet","reading":"こっかい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"議決","gloss":"resolution","reading":"ぎけつ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"指名","gloss":"is designated","reading":"しめい"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"is designated"},{"text":"れる。","gloss":"is designated"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L140.rd.004","source":"実際には各政党が自分の党の代表者や、又は支持する政党から候補者を出して多数決できめるのである。","translation":"In practice, each political party puts forward a candidate from among its own representatives or from a party it supports, and the choice is made by majority vote.","reading":"じっさいにはかくせいとうがじぶんのとうのだいひょうしゃや、またはしじするせいとうからこうほしゃをだしてたすうけつできめるのである。","words":[{"text":"実際","gloss":"practice","reading":"じっさい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"各","gloss":"each","reading":"かく"},{"text":"政党","gloss":"political party","reading":"せいとう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"own","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"党","gloss":"party","reading":"とう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"代表","gloss":"representative","reading":"だいひょう"},{"text":"者","gloss":"representative","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"や、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"又","gloss":"or","reading":"また"},{"text":"は","gloss":"or"},{"text":"支持","gloss":"supports","reading":"しじ"},{"text":"する","gloss":"supports"},{"text":"政党","gloss":"party","reading":"せいとう"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"候補","gloss":"candidate","reading":"こうほ"},{"text":"者","gloss":"candidate","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出し","gloss":"puts forward","reading":"だし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"puts forward"},{"text":"多数","gloss":"majority vote","reading":"たすう"},{"text":"決","gloss":"majority vote","reading":"けつ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"きめる","gloss":"decides"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L140.rd.005","source":"外の国務大臣は内閣総理大臣が自分でえらぶのである。","translation":"The Prime Minister himself chooses the other Ministers of State.","reading":"ほかのこくむだいじんはないかくそうりだいじんがじぶんでえらぶのである。","words":[{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"国務","gloss":"Ministers of State","reading":"こくむ"},{"text":"大臣","gloss":"Ministers of State","reading":"だいじん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"内閣","gloss":"Prime Minister","reading":"ないかく"},{"text":"総理","gloss":"Prime Minister","reading":"そうり"},{"text":"大臣","gloss":"Prime Minister","reading":"だいじん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"himself","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"えらぶ","gloss":"chooses"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L140.rd.006","source":"しかし、その過半数は国会の議員の中からえらばれる事になっている。","translation":"However, a majority of them must be chosen from among the members of the Diet.","reading":"しかし、そのかはんすうはこっかいのぎいんのなかからえらばれることになっている。","words":[{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"その","gloss":"of them"},{"text":"過","gloss":"majority","reading":"か"},{"text":"半数","gloss":"majority","reading":"はんすう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"国会","gloss":"Diet","reading":"こっかい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"議員","gloss":"members","reading":"ぎいん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中","gloss":"among","reading":"なか"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"えらば","gloss":"be chosen"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"be chosen"},{"text":"事","gloss":"must","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"must"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"て","gloss":"must"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"must"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L140.rd.007","source":"内閣は国会に対して連帯して責任をおう。","translation":"The Cabinet is collectively responsible to the Diet.","reading":"ないかくはこっかいにたいしてれんたいしてせきにんをおう。","words":[{"text":"内閣","gloss":"Cabinet","reading":"ないかく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"国会","gloss":"Diet","reading":"こっかい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"対し","gloss":"to","reading":"たいし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"to"},{"text":"連帯","gloss":"collectively","reading":"れんたい"},{"text":"し","gloss":"collectively"},{"text":"て","gloss":"collectively"},{"text":"責任","gloss":"responsibility","reading":"せきにん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おう。","gloss":"bears"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.rd.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"1 NAIKAKU (Executive)\nJapan has adopted a parliamentary system of government, under which the executive and the legislative branches are not as independent of each other as under the United States governmental system. The Prime Minister is elected by the Diet (legislature) from among its membership. The Cabinet consists of the Prime Minister and usually twelve to sixteen Ministers of State appointed by the Prime Minister. More than one-half of the cabinet Ministers must be selected from the Diet membership.\nThe power of the Prime Minister has been greatly increased under the new Constitution. For example, he may now appoint and remove Ministers of State as he chooses.\nThe Prime Minister, representing the Cabinet, submits bills, reports to the Diet on national and foreign affairs and exercises control and supervision over the various administrative branches.\nUsually a cabinet Minister heads a government department such as the Ministries of Foreign Affairs, Finance, Justice, Education, Agriculture, International Trade and Industry or one or more of such agencies as the Atomic Energy Commission and the Economic Planning Board.\nIn the event of a vote of non-confidence by the House of Representatives, the following courses of action may be taken: The Prime Minister and his Cabinet may resign at once, in which case the Diet elects a new Prime Minister; the Prime Minister may dissolve the House of Representatives and call for a national election, in which case the Prime Minister and his Cabinet must resign as soon as a new House is elected and convenes.\nHirofumi Ito formed the first Japanese Cabinet in 1885. Prime Minister Ikeda’s third Cabinet is the 61st in Japan’s parliamentary history. Since the adoption of the new Constitution, there have been fifteen cabinets."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"内閣","gloss":"cabinet"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"国","gloss":"country, nation"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"うけもつ","gloss":"be in charge; take charge"},{"word":"機関","gloss":"agency; organ; machine"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ある。","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"首相","gloss":"prime minister"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"れる）","gloss":"to be able to --\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いる。","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"国会","gloss":"Diet"},{"word":"議員","gloss":"members of the Diet"},{"word":"議決","gloss":"decision; resolution"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"自分","gloss":"self"},{"word":"党","gloss":"party"},{"word":"者","gloss":"person"},{"word":"や、","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"えらぶ","gloss":"to select, choose"},{"word":"しかし、","gloss":"however, but"},{"word":"半数","gloss":"half the number"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"責任","gloss":"responsibility"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"No-confidence votes and dissolution · Narration 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Resignation or dissolution","paragraphs":["*十日以内に内閣は総辞職しなければならない* means \"The Cabinet must resign as a whole within ten days.\"","The Cabinet may instead dissolve the House to put the matter to public opinion. A general election then shows which policies receive support."]},{"title":"Each minister's work","paragraphs":["*法務大臣は法務省* pairs \"the Minister of Justice\" with \"the Ministry of Justice.\"","Each minister handles the affairs of the corresponding ministry."]},{"title":"Kanji: 可","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 辞","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 解","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L140.rd.008","source":"したがって、衆議院が内閣に対して不信任案を可決した時には、十日以内に内閣は総辞職しなければならない。","translation":"Therefore, when the House of Representatives passes a no-confidence motion against the Cabinet, the Cabinet must resign as a whole within ten days.","reading":"したがって、しゅうぎいんがないかくにたいしてふしんにんあんをかけつしたときには、とおかいないにないかくはそうじしょくしなければならない。","words":[{"text":"したがっ","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"衆議","gloss":"House of Representatives","reading":"しゅうぎ"},{"text":"院","gloss":"House of Representatives","reading":"いん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"内閣","gloss":"Cabinet","reading":"ないかく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"against"},{"text":"対し","gloss":"against","reading":"たいし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"against"},{"text":"不","gloss":"no-confidence motion","reading":"ふ"},{"text":"信任","gloss":"no-confidence motion","reading":"しんにん"},{"text":"案","gloss":"no-confidence motion","reading":"あん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"可決","gloss":"passes","reading":"かけつ"},{"text":"し","gloss":"does"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"時","gloss":"when","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"十","gloss":"ten days"},{"text":"日","gloss":"ten days"},{"text":"以内","gloss":"within"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"内閣","gloss":"Cabinet","reading":"ないかく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"総","gloss":"resign as a whole","reading":"そう"},{"text":"辞職","gloss":"resign as a whole","reading":"じしょく"},{"text":"し","gloss":"does"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"must"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L140.rd.009","source":"しかし、内閣はこれを世論に問うために衆議院を解散する事も出来るのである。","translation":"However, the Cabinet may also dissolve the House of Representatives in order to put the matter to public opinion.","reading":"しかし、ないかくはこれをせろんにとうためにしゅうぎいんをかいさんすることもできるのである。","words":[{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"内閣","gloss":"Cabinet","reading":"ないかく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"世論","gloss":"public opinion","reading":"せろん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"問う","gloss":"put to","reading":"とう"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"in order"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"衆議","gloss":"House of Representatives","reading":"しゅうぎ"},{"text":"院","gloss":"House of Representatives","reading":"いん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"解散","gloss":"dissolve","reading":"かいさん"},{"text":"する","gloss":"dissolve"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"can","reading":"できる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L140.rd.010","source":"そして政府をつくっている与党の方針が支持されるか、それとも内閣を信任しない野党の方針が支持されるかは、この解散に続いて行なわれる総選挙によって明らかになるのである。","translation":"Then, whether the policies of the ruling party that forms the government are supported, or the policies of the opposition parties that do not have confidence in the Cabinet are supported, is made clear by the general election held following this dissolution.","reading":"そしてせいふをつくっているよとうのほうしんがしじされるか、それともないかくをしんにんしないやとうのほうしんがしじされるかは、このかいさんにつづいておこなわれるそうせんきょによってあきらかになるのである。","words":[{"text":"そして","gloss":"then"},{"text":"政府","gloss":"government","reading":"せいふ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つくっ","gloss":"forms"},{"text":"て","gloss":"forms"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"forms"},{"text":"与党","gloss":"ruling party","reading":"よとう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方針","gloss":"policies","reading":"ほうしん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"支持","gloss":"are supported","reading":"しじ"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"are supported"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"are supported"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"or else"},{"text":"と","gloss":"or else"},{"text":"も","gloss":"or else"},{"text":"内閣","gloss":"Cabinet","reading":"ないかく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"信任","gloss":"trust","reading":"しんにん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"野党","gloss":"opposition parties","reading":"やとう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方針","gloss":"policies","reading":"ほうしん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"支持","gloss":"are supported","reading":"しじ"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"are supported"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"are supported"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"解散","gloss":"dissolution","reading":"かいさん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"after"},{"text":"続い","gloss":"following","reading":"つづい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"following"},{"text":"行なわ","gloss":"is held","reading":"おこなわ"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"is held"},{"text":"総","gloss":"general election","reading":"そう"},{"text":"選挙","gloss":"general election","reading":"せんきょ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"by"},{"text":"て","gloss":"by"},{"text":"明らか","gloss":"clear","reading":"あきらか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"becomes"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L140.rd.011","source":"内閣の閣僚は総理大臣をはじめとして、","translation":"The members of the Cabinet include the Prime Minister,","reading":"ないかくのかくりょうはそうりだいじんをはじめとして、","words":[{"text":"内閣","gloss":"Cabinet","reading":"ないかく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"閣僚","gloss":"cabinet ministers","reading":"かくりょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"総理","gloss":"Prime Minister","reading":"そうり"},{"text":"大臣","gloss":"Prime Minister","reading":"だいじん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はじめ","gloss":"starting with"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L140.rd.012","source":"それから数名の国務大臣とからなっている。","translation":"and several Ministers of State.","reading":"それからすうめいのこくむだいじんとからなっている。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"then"},{"text":"から","gloss":"and"},{"text":"数","gloss":"several","reading":"すう"},{"text":"名","gloss":"several","reading":"めい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"国務","gloss":"Ministers of State","reading":"こくむ"},{"text":"大臣","gloss":"Ministers of State","reading":"だいじん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"から","gloss":"of"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"consists"},{"text":"て","gloss":"consists"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"consists"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.rd.012.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L140.rd.013","source":"これらの大臣はそれぞれの（法務大臣は法務省など）省の事務をとる。","translation":"Each of these ministers handles the affairs of the corresponding ministry (the Minister of Justice handles the Ministry of Justice, for example).","reading":"これらのだいじんはそれぞれの（ほうむだいじんはほうむしょうなど）しょうのじむをとる。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"these"},{"text":"ら","gloss":"these"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"大臣","gloss":"ministers","reading":"だいじん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"それぞれ","gloss":"each"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"（法務","gloss":"Minister of Justice","reading":"ほうむ"},{"text":"大臣","gloss":"Minister of Justice","reading":"だいじん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"法務","gloss":"Ministry of Justice","reading":"ほうむ"},{"text":"省","gloss":"Ministry of Justice","reading":"しょう"},{"text":"など）","gloss":"for example"},{"text":"省","gloss":"ministry","reading":"しょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"事務","gloss":"affairs","reading":"じむ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"とる。","gloss":"handles"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.rd.013.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"は、","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"なら","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"世論","gloss":"public opinion"},{"word":"も","gloss":"as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"出来る","gloss":"to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"与党","gloss":"the party in power; friendly party"},{"word":"方針","gloss":"policy"},{"word":"れる","gloss":"to be able to --\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"か、","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"野党","gloss":"party out of power; party opposition"},{"word":"閣僚","gloss":"cabinet ministers"},{"word":"はじめ","gloss":"beginning"},{"word":"数","gloss":"number"},{"word":"名","gloss":"name"},{"word":"それぞれ","gloss":"respectively"},{"word":"省","gloss":"ministry"},{"word":"など）","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"とる。","gloss":"to take (v.t.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Cabinet ministers and portfolios · Questions 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"The Cabinet portfolios","paragraphs":["The Cabinet includes ministers responsible for major areas of government.","*法務大臣* means \"Minister of Justice,\" and *外務大臣* means \"Minister for Foreign Affairs.\"","The other portfolios cover finance, education, welfare, agriculture, trade, and transportation."]},{"title":"Kanji: 文","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.001","source":"「内閣」","translation":"The Cabinet","reading":"「ないかく」","words":[{"text":"「内閣」","gloss":"Cabinet","reading":"ないかく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.001.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.002","source":"法務大臣、","translation":"Minister of Justice,","reading":"ほうむだいじん、","words":[{"text":"法務","gloss":"Justice","reading":"ほうむ"},{"text":"大臣、","gloss":"Minister","reading":"だいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.002.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.003","source":"外務大臣、","translation":"Minister for Foreign Affairs,","reading":"がいむだいじん、","words":[{"text":"外務","gloss":"Foreign Affairs","reading":"がいむ"},{"text":"大臣、","gloss":"Minister","reading":"だいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.003.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.004","source":"大蔵大臣、","translation":"Minister of Finance,","reading":"おおくらだいじん、","words":[{"text":"大蔵","gloss":"Finance","reading":"おおくら"},{"text":"大臣、","gloss":"Minister","reading":"だいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.004.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.005","source":"文部大臣、","translation":"Minister of Education,","reading":"もんぶだいじん、","words":[{"text":"文部","gloss":"Education","reading":"もんぶ"},{"text":"大臣、","gloss":"Minister","reading":"だいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.005.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.006","source":"厚生大臣、","translation":"Minister of Health and Welfare,","reading":"こうせいだいじん、","words":[{"text":"厚生","gloss":"Health and Welfare","reading":"こうせい"},{"text":"大臣、","gloss":"Minister","reading":"だいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.006.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.007","source":"農林大臣、","translation":"Minister of Agriculture and Forestry,","reading":"のうりんだいじん、","words":[{"text":"農林","gloss":"Agriculture and Forestry","reading":"のうりん"},{"text":"大臣、","gloss":"Minister","reading":"だいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.007.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.008","source":"通産大臣、","translation":"Minister of International Trade and Industry,","reading":"つうさんだいじん、","words":[{"text":"通産","gloss":"international trade and industry","reading":"つうさん"},{"text":"大臣、","gloss":"Minister","reading":"だいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.008.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.009","source":"運輸大臣、","translation":"Minister of Transportation,","reading":"うんゆだいじん、","words":[{"text":"運輸","gloss":"Transportation","reading":"うんゆ"},{"text":"大臣、","gloss":"Minister","reading":"だいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.009.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"「内閣」","gloss":"cabinet"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Ministers and Cabinet selection · Questions 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Who chooses the ministers","paragraphs":["The questions ask what the Cabinet is, who belongs to it, and how its members are chosen.","*他の国務大臣はだれがえらびますか* means \"Who chooses the other Ministers of State?\"","An answer names the Prime Minister as the person who chooses them."]},{"title":"Kanji: 働","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 治","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.010","source":"郵政大臣、","translation":"Minister of Posts and Telecommunications,","reading":"ゆうせいだいじん、","words":[{"text":"郵政","gloss":"Posts and Telecommunications","reading":"ゆうせい"},{"text":"大臣、","gloss":"Minister","reading":"だいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.010.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.011","source":"労働大臣、","translation":"Minister of Labor,","reading":"ろうどうだいじん、","words":[{"text":"労働","gloss":"Labor","reading":"ろうどう"},{"text":"大臣、","gloss":"Minister","reading":"だいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.011.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.012","source":"建設大臣、","translation":"Minister of Construction,","reading":"けんせつだいじん、","words":[{"text":"建設","gloss":"Construction","reading":"けんせつ"},{"text":"大臣、","gloss":"Minister","reading":"だいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.012.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.013","source":"自治大臣、","translation":"Minister of Home Affairs,","reading":"じちだいじん、","words":[{"text":"自治","gloss":"Home Affairs","reading":"じち"},{"text":"大臣、","gloss":"Minister","reading":"だいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.013.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.014","source":"日本語で 次の質問に 答えてください。","translation":"Please answer the following questions in Japanese.","reading":"にほんごでつぎのしつもんにこたえてください。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"次","gloss":"following","reading":"つぎ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"質問","gloss":"questions","reading":"しつもん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"答え","gloss":"answer","reading":"こたえ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"answer"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.014.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.015","source":"内閣はどんな機関ですか。","translation":"What kind of organ is the Cabinet?","reading":"ないかくはどんなきかんですか。","words":[{"text":"内閣","gloss":"Cabinet","reading":"ないかく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"機関","gloss":"organ","reading":"きかん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.015.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.016","source":"内閣は何からなっていますか。","translation":"What does the Cabinet consist of?","reading":"ないかくはなにからなっていますか。","words":[{"text":"内閣","gloss":"Cabinet","reading":"ないかく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"から","gloss":"of"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"consists"},{"text":"て","gloss":"consists"},{"text":"い","gloss":"consists"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"consists"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.016.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.017","source":"内閣総理大臣はどうしてえらばれますか。","translation":"How is the Prime Minister chosen?","reading":"ないかくそうりだいじんはどうしてえらばれますか。","words":[{"text":"内閣","gloss":"Prime Minister","reading":"ないかく"},{"text":"総理","gloss":"Prime Minister","reading":"そうり"},{"text":"大臣","gloss":"Prime Minister","reading":"だいじん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"し","gloss":"how"},{"text":"て","gloss":"how"},{"text":"えらば","gloss":"is chosen"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is chosen"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is chosen"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.017.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.018","source":"他の国務大臣はだれがえらびますか。","translation":"Who chooses the other Ministers of State?","reading":"ほかのこくむだいじんはだれがえらびますか。","words":[{"text":"他","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"国務","gloss":"Ministers of State","reading":"こくむ"},{"text":"大臣","gloss":"Ministers of State","reading":"だいじん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"えらび","gloss":"chooses"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"chooses"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ください。","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"い","gloss":"stomach"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"だれ","gloss":"who?"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Cabinet responsibility and opposition · Questions 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Responsibility and opposition","paragraphs":["The questions ask who bears responsibility and what follows a no-confidence motion.","*内閣はどの機関に対して責任をおいますか* means \"To which organ is the Cabinet responsible?\"","An answer names the Diet. Other answers distinguish the party forming the government from a party that does not support the Cabinet."]}],"lines":[{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.019","source":"国務大臣の過半数はどこからえらばれる事になっていますか。","translation":"From where must a majority of the Ministers of State be chosen?","reading":"こくむだいじんのかはんすうはどこからえらばれることになっていますか。","words":[{"text":"国務","gloss":"Ministers of State","reading":"こくむ"},{"text":"大臣","gloss":"Ministers of State","reading":"だいじん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"過","gloss":"majority","reading":"か"},{"text":"半数","gloss":"majority","reading":"はんすう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"えらば","gloss":"be chosen"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"be chosen"},{"text":"事","gloss":"must","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"must"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"て","gloss":"must"},{"text":"い","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"must"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.019.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.020","source":"内閣はどの機関に対して責任をおいますか。","translation":"To which organ is the Cabinet responsible?","reading":"ないかくはどのきかんにたいしてせきにんをおいますか。","words":[{"text":"内閣","gloss":"Cabinet","reading":"ないかく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"which"},{"text":"機関","gloss":"organ","reading":"きかん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"対し","gloss":"to","reading":"たいし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"to"},{"text":"責任","gloss":"responsibility","reading":"せきにん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おい","gloss":"is responsible"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is responsible"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.020.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.021","source":"だれが責任をおいますか。","translation":"Who bears the responsibility?","reading":"だれがせきにんをおいますか。","words":[{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"責任","gloss":"responsibility","reading":"せきにん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おい","gloss":"bears"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"bears"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.021.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.022","source":"衆議院が内閣に対して不信任案を可決した時にはどうなりますか。","translation":"What happens when the House of Representatives passes a no-confidence motion against the Cabinet?","reading":"しゅうぎいんがないかくにたいしてふしんにんあんをかけつしたときにはどうなりますか。","words":[{"text":"衆議","gloss":"House of Representatives","reading":"しゅうぎ"},{"text":"院","gloss":"House of Representatives","reading":"いん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"内閣","gloss":"Cabinet","reading":"ないかく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"against"},{"text":"対し","gloss":"against","reading":"たいし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"against"},{"text":"不","gloss":"no-confidence motion","reading":"ふ"},{"text":"信任","gloss":"no-confidence motion","reading":"しんにん"},{"text":"案","gloss":"no-confidence motion","reading":"あん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"可決","gloss":"passes","reading":"かけつ"},{"text":"し","gloss":"does"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"時","gloss":"when","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"happens"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"happens"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.022.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.023","source":"この場合 内閣は衆議院を解散する事が出来ますか。","translation":"In this case, can the Cabinet dissolve the House of Representatives?","reading":"このばあいないかくはしゅうぎいんをかいさんすることができますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"場合","gloss":"case","reading":"ばあい"},{"text":"内閣","gloss":"Cabinet","reading":"ないかく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"衆議","gloss":"House of Representatives","reading":"しゅうぎ"},{"text":"院","gloss":"House of Representatives","reading":"いん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"解散","gloss":"dissolve","reading":"かいさん"},{"text":"する","gloss":"dissolve"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"can"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.023.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.024","source":"政府をつくっている党を何と言いますか。","translation":"What do you call the party that forms the government?","reading":"せいふをつくっているとうをなんといいますか。","words":[{"text":"政府","gloss":"government","reading":"せいふ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つくっ","gloss":"forms"},{"text":"て","gloss":"forms"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"forms"},{"text":"党","gloss":"party","reading":"とう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"is called","reading":"いい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is called"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.024.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.025","source":"内閣を支持しない党を何と言いますか。","translation":"What do you call a party that does not support the Cabinet?","reading":"ないかくをしじしないとうをなんといいますか。","words":[{"text":"内閣","gloss":"Cabinet","reading":"ないかく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"支持","gloss":"does not support","reading":"しじ"},{"text":"し","gloss":"does not support"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"does not support"},{"text":"党","gloss":"party","reading":"とう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"is called","reading":"いい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is called"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.025.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L140.q.026","source":"内閣の閣僚はどんな大臣からなっていますか。","translation":"What ministers make up the Cabinet?","reading":"ないかくのかくりょうはどんなだいじんからなっていますか。","words":[{"text":"内閣","gloss":"Cabinet","reading":"ないかく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"閣僚","gloss":"cabinet ministers","reading":"かくりょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"大臣","gloss":"ministers","reading":"だいじん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"of"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"consists"},{"text":"て","gloss":"consists"},{"text":"い","gloss":"consists"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"consists"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.q.026.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"どの","gloss":"which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)"},{"word":"おい","gloss":"nephew"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Cabinet, ministers and political parties · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"The Cabinet and its leaders","paragraphs":["These words name the Cabinet, its ministers, political parties, and official acts.","*内閣* means \"cabinet.\" Both *内閣総理大臣* and *首相* mean \"prime minister.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.001","source":"内閣","translation":"cabinet","reading":"ないかく","words":[{"text":"内閣","gloss":"cabinet","reading":"ないかく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.001.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.002","source":"うけもつ","translation":"be in charge; take charge","reading":"うけもつ","words":[{"text":"うけもつ","gloss":"be in charge"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.002.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.003","source":"機関","translation":"agency; organ; machine","reading":"きかん","words":[{"text":"機関","gloss":"organ","reading":"きかん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.003.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.004","source":"内閣総理大臣","translation":"prime minister","reading":"ないかくそうりだいじん","words":[{"text":"内閣総理大臣","gloss":"prime minister","reading":"ないかくそうりだいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.004.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.005","source":"首相","translation":"prime minister","reading":"しゅしょう","words":[{"text":"首相","gloss":"prime minister","reading":"しゅしょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.005.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.006","source":"国務大臣","translation":"ministers of state","reading":"こくむだいじん","words":[{"text":"国務大臣","gloss":"ministers of state","reading":"こくむだいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.006.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.007","source":"議決","translation":"decision; resolution","reading":"ぎけつ","words":[{"text":"議決","gloss":"decision","reading":"ぎけつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.007.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.008","source":"指名する","translation":"nominate; designate","reading":"しめいする","words":[{"text":"指名する","gloss":"nominate","reading":"しめいする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.008.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.009","source":"省","translation":"ministry","reading":"しょう","words":[{"text":"省","gloss":"ministry","reading":"しょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.009.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.010","source":"党","translation":"party","reading":"とう","words":[{"text":"党","gloss":"party","reading":"とう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"内閣総理大臣","gloss":"prime minister"},{"word":"国務大臣","gloss":"ministers of state"},{"word":"指名する","gloss":"nominate; designate"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Candidates, responsibility and public opinion · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Responsibility and public judgment","paragraphs":["These words cover candidates, majorities, collective responsibility, resignation, and public opinion.","*候補者* means \"candidate,\" *連帯して* means \"collectively,\" and *世論* means \"public opinion.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.011","source":"代表者","translation":"representative","reading":"だいひょうしゃ","words":[{"text":"代表者","gloss":"representative","reading":"だいひょうしゃ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.011.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.012","source":"数名の","translation":"several","reading":"すうめいの","words":[{"text":"数名の","gloss":"several","reading":"すうめいの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.012.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.013","source":"候補者","translation":"candidate","reading":"こうほしゃ","words":[{"text":"候補者","gloss":"candidate","reading":"こうほしゃ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.013.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.014","source":"過半数","translation":"majority","reading":"かはんすう","words":[{"text":"過半数","gloss":"majority","reading":"かはんすう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.014.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.015","source":"連帯して","translation":"collectively","reading":"れんたいして","words":[{"text":"連帯して","gloss":"collectively","reading":"れんたいして"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.015.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.016","source":"責任をおう","translation":"be responsible","reading":"せきにんをおう","words":[{"text":"責任をおう","gloss":"be responsible","reading":"せきにんをおう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.016.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.017","source":"不信任案","translation":"non-confidence vote","reading":"ふしんにんあん","words":[{"text":"不信任案","gloss":"no-confidence vote","reading":"ふしんにんあん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.017.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.018","source":"総辞職する","translation":"resign en masse","reading":"そうじしょくする","words":[{"text":"総辞職する","gloss":"resign en masse","reading":"そうじしょくする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.018.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.019","source":"世論","translation":"public opinion","reading":"せろん","words":[{"text":"世論","gloss":"public opinion","reading":"せろん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.019.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.020","source":"--に問う","translation":"appeal to ----","reading":"--にとう","words":[{"text":"--に問う","gloss":"appeal to","reading":"--にとう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"代表者","gloss":"representative"},{"word":"数名の","gloss":"several"},{"word":"候補者","gloss":"candidate"},{"word":"過半数","gloss":"majority"},{"word":"連帯して","gloss":"collectively"},{"word":"責任をおう","gloss":"be responsible"},{"word":"不信任案","gloss":"non-confidence vote"},{"word":"総辞職する","gloss":"resign en masse"},{"word":"--に問う","gloss":"appeal to ----"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Political parties and senior ministers · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Parties and senior ministers","paragraphs":["These words name governing and opposition parties, elections, Cabinet members, and senior portfolios.","*与党* means \"the party in power,\" while *野党* means \"party out of power.\"","*閣僚* means \"cabinet ministers.\" The other entries name ministers for justice, foreign affairs, finance, and education."]}],"lines":[{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.021","source":"与党","translation":"the party in power; friendly party","reading":"よとう","words":[{"text":"与党","gloss":"ruling party","reading":"よとう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.021.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.022","source":"方針","translation":"policy","reading":"ほうしん","words":[{"text":"方針","gloss":"policy","reading":"ほうしん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.022.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.023","source":"信任する","translation":"confide in; trust","reading":"しんにんする","words":[{"text":"信任する","gloss":"trust","reading":"しんにんする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.023.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.024","source":"野党","translation":"party out of power; party opposition","reading":"やとう","words":[{"text":"野党","gloss":"opposition party","reading":"やとう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.024.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.025","source":"総選挙","translation":"general election","reading":"そうせんきょ","words":[{"text":"総選挙","gloss":"general election","reading":"そうせんきょ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.025.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.026","source":"閣僚","translation":"cabinet ministers","reading":"かくりょう","words":[{"text":"閣僚","gloss":"cabinet ministers","reading":"かくりょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.026.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.027","source":"法務大臣","translation":"Minister of Justice","reading":"ほうむだいじん","words":[{"text":"法務大臣","gloss":"Minister of Justice","reading":"ほうむだいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.027.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.028","source":"外務大臣","translation":"Minister of Foreign Affairs","reading":"がいむだいじん","words":[{"text":"外務大臣","gloss":"Foreign Affairs Minister","reading":"がいむだいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.028.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.029","source":"大蔵大臣","translation":"Minister of Finance","reading":"おおくらだいじん","words":[{"text":"大蔵大臣","gloss":"Minister of Finance","reading":"おおくらだいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.029.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.030","source":"文部大臣","translation":"Minister of Education","reading":"もんぶだいじん","words":[{"text":"文部大臣","gloss":"Minister of Education","reading":"もんぶだいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.030.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"信任する","gloss":"confide in; trust"},{"word":"総選挙","gloss":"general election"},{"word":"法務大臣","gloss":"Minister of Justice"},{"word":"外務大臣","gloss":"Minister of Foreign Affairs"},{"word":"大蔵大臣","gloss":"Minister of Finance"},{"word":"文部大臣","gloss":"Minister of Education"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Ministers for public services · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Ministers for public services","paragraphs":["These words name ministers responsible for major public services and areas of government.","*厚生大臣* means \"Minister of Welfare,\" *運輸大臣* means \"Minister of Transportation,\" and *労働大臣* means \"Minister of Labor.\"","Each title ends with *大臣*, the word shared by all eight ministerial offices in this group."]}],"lines":[{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.031","source":"厚生大臣","translation":"Minister of Welfare","reading":"こうせいだいじん","words":[{"text":"厚生大臣","gloss":"Minister of Welfare","reading":"こうせいだいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.031.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.032","source":"農林大臣","translation":"Minister of Agriculture and Forestry","reading":"のうりんだいじん","words":[{"text":"農林大臣","gloss":"Agriculture and Forestry Minister","reading":"のうりんだいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.032.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.033","source":"通産大臣","translation":"Minister of International Trade and Industry","reading":"つうさんだいじん","words":[{"text":"通産大臣","gloss":"Trade and Industry Minister","reading":"つうさんだいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.033.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.034","source":"運輸大臣","translation":"Minister of Transportation","reading":"うんゆだいじん","words":[{"text":"運輸大臣","gloss":"Minister of Transportation","reading":"うんゆだいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.034.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.035","source":"郵政大臣","translation":"Minister of Postal Services","reading":"ゆうせいだいじん","words":[{"text":"郵政大臣","gloss":"Postal Services Minister","reading":"ゆうせいだいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.035.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.036","source":"労働大臣","translation":"Minister of Labor","reading":"ろうどうだいじん","words":[{"text":"労働大臣","gloss":"Minister of Labor","reading":"ろうどうだいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.036.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.037","source":"建設大臣","translation":"Minister of Construction","reading":"けんせつだいじん","words":[{"text":"建設大臣","gloss":"Minister of Construction","reading":"けんせつだいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.037.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L140.w.038","source":"自治大臣","translation":"Minister of Autonomy","reading":"じちだいじん","words":[{"text":"自治大臣","gloss":"Minister of Autonomy","reading":"じちだいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L140.w.038.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":2,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation and Exercise\n\n1 Topics:\n\na Talk about the following topics with your classmates in Japanese,\n\n(1) The Japanese Cabinet\n\n(2) The Cabinet members\n\n(3) The Cabinet in relation to the Diet\n\n2 Exercise:\n\na Interpretation Exercise\n\n(1) How is the Prime Minister selected?\n\n(1) 内閣総理大臣は国会議員の中から国会の議決で指名されるのです。\n\n(2) How are the Ministers of State selected?\n\n(2) 内閣総理大臣が自分で、国務大臣の過半数を国会の議員の中からえらぶのです。\n\n(3) Is the Cabinet responsible for the Diet?\n\n(3) はい、内閣は国会に対して連帯して責任をおいます。\n\n(4) When the House of Representatives passes a vote of non-confidence against the cabinet, what must the Cabinet do?\n\n(4) 十日以内に内閣は総辞職するか、衆議院を解散するかしなければなりません。\n\n(5) What is the party that makes up the Cabinet called?\n\n(5) それは与党と呼ばれています。"},{"section":3,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Study the Narration thoroughly and memorize the vocabulary,\n\n2 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given.\n\n3 Learn to read and write the new Kanji,\n\n4 Read the Cultural Notes."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"厚生大臣","gloss":"Minister of Welfare"},{"word":"農林大臣","gloss":"Minister of Agriculture and Forestry"},{"word":"通産大臣","gloss":"Minister of International Trade and Industry"},{"word":"運輸大臣","gloss":"Minister of Transportation"},{"word":"郵政大臣","gloss":"Minister of Postal Services"},{"word":"労働大臣","gloss":"Minister of Labor"},{"word":"建設大臣","gloss":"Minister of Construction"},{"word":"自治大臣","gloss":"Minister of Autonomy"}],"paradigms":[]}]}