{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L014","title":"Lesson 14","stage":"Sounds, kana, and the first conversations","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 14: the face and its senses · dialogue 1 of 5, hearing, smelling, walking and writing names · dialogue 4 of 5, hands and placing chalk · dialogue 5 of 5, present and past negatives · pattern 1 1 of 2, answering with negative actions · pattern 1 2 of 2, equal quantities in groups · pattern 2 1 of 2, asking quantities for each · pattern 2 2 of 2, body parts as means · pattern 3 1 of 2, asking what means are used · pattern 3 2 of 2, destinations of everyday actions · pattern 4 1 of 2, following destination commands · pattern 4 2 of 2, media, everyday action verbs · word list 2 of 2.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/14","lines":98},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/13","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/15","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"The face and its senses · Dialogue 1 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"The face and its parts","paragraphs":["*かおには 何が ありますか* means \"What are there on the face?\" The reply names the eyes, nose, mouth, and ears.","*目と耳が 二つずつ、 口と はなが 一つずつ あります* means \"There are two each of eyes and ears and one each of mouth and nose.\""]},{"title":"Equal numbers and the means used","paragraphs":["In *二つずつ*, *ずつ* means \"each\" for the eyes and ears.","*目で いろいろなものを 見ます* describes seeing various things with the eyes. Here, *で* marks the eyes as the means used."]},{"title":"Kanji: 目, 見, 耳, 口","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.001","source":"かおには 何が ありますか。","translation":"What are there on the face?","reading":"かおにはなにがありますか。","words":[{"text":"かお","gloss":"face"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.002","source":"かおには 目と はなと 口と 耳が あります。","translation":"There are eyes, nose, mouth, and ears on the face.","reading":"かおにはめとはなとくちとみみがあります。","words":[{"text":"かお","gloss":"face"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"目","gloss":"eyes","reading":"め"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"nose"},{"text":"な","gloss":"nose"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"口","gloss":"mouth","reading":"くち"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"ears","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.003","source":"いくつ ずつ ありますか。","translation":"How many each are there?","reading":"いくつずつありますか。","words":[{"text":"いく","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"ずつ","gloss":"each"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.004","source":"目と耳が 二つずつ、 口と はなが 一つずつ あります。","translation":"There are two each of eyes and ears and one each of mouth and nose.","reading":"めとみみがふたつずつ、くちとはながひとつずつあります。","words":[{"text":"目","gloss":"eyes","reading":"め"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"ears","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"ふた"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"two"},{"text":"ずつ、","gloss":"each"},{"text":"口","gloss":"mouth","reading":"くち"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"nose"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"ずつ","gloss":"each"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.005","source":"私たちは 目で 何を しますか。","translation":"What do we do with eyes?","reading":"わたくしたちはめでなにをしますか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"we"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"目","gloss":"eyes","reading":"め"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.006","source":"目で いろいろなものを 見ます。","translation":"we see various things with eyes.","reading":"めでいろいろなものをみます。","words":[{"text":"目","gloss":"eyes","reading":"め"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"いろいろ","gloss":"various"},{"text":"な","gloss":"various"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"things"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"MASEN\n\nMASEN is the negative form of MASU, and it is attached to the conjunctive ending of verbs, e.g.,\n\nWATAKUSHI WA EIGO O HANASHIMASEN.\n\n\"I don't speak English.\"\n\nANOKATA WA SAKANA O TABEMASEN.\n\n\"He does not eat fish.\""},{"section":2,"text":"MASENDESHITA\n\nMASENDESHITA is the negative form of --MASHITA, and it is attached to the conjunctive ending of verbs, e.g.,\n\nWATAKUSHI WA MADO O AKEMASENDESHITA.\n\n\"I did not open the window.\"\n\nNIPPON E IKIMASENDESHITA.\n\n\"I did not go to Japan.\""},{"section":3,"text":"ZUTSU\n\nZUTSU is a suffix attached to numerals and numerators and means 'each.'\n\nME TO MIMI GA FUTATSU ZUTSU ARIMASU.\n\n\"There are two each of eyes and ears.\"\n\nKYOOSHITSU NIWA SEITO GA HACHININ ZUTSU IMASU.\n\n\"There are eight students each in the classrooms.\""},{"section":4,"text":"Particle DE\n\nThe particle DE has several uses. One use is that it is attached to substantives and indicates the means or the instrument with which something is performed or effected. It is translated as 'with' or 'in,' e.g.,\n\nWATAKUSHI-TACHI WA ME DE MIMASU.\n\n\"We see with our eyes.\"\n\nTE DE IROIRO NO MONO O MOCHIMASU.\n\n\"We hold various things with our hands.\""},{"section":5,"text":"Particle NI\n\nThe particle NI was used in Lesson 6 to indicate the place of existence. In this lesson, it is used to indicate the point of arrival of an action, and it is translated as 'on.'\n\nISU NI KAKEMASU.\n\n\"I'll sit on the chair.\"\n\nKOKUBAN NI KAKIMASU.\n\n\"I'll write on the blackboard.\"\n\nTSUKUE NO UE NI OKIMASU.\n\n\"I'll put it on the desk.\""}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"かお","gloss":"face"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ずつ","gloss":"each (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Hearing, speaking and eating · Dialogue 2 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"Hearing, speaking, and eating","paragraphs":["*耳で おとを ききます* describes hearing sounds with the ears. Here, *で* marks the ears as the means used.","*口で はなします* describes speaking with the mouth. The next reply adds eating various things."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.007","source":"耳で 何を しますか。","translation":"what do we do with ears?","reading":"みみでなにをしますか。","words":[{"text":"耳","gloss":"ears","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.008","source":"耳で おとを ききます。","translation":"we hear sounds with ears.","reading":"みみでおとをききます。","words":[{"text":"耳","gloss":"ears","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"おと","gloss":"sounds"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"きき","gloss":"hear"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.009","source":"私たちは 口で 何を しますか。","translation":"What do we do with our mouths?","reading":"わたくしたちはくちでなにをしますか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"we"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"口","gloss":"mouth","reading":"くち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.010","source":"口で はなします。","translation":"we speak with our mouths.","reading":"くちではなします。","words":[{"text":"口","gloss":"mouth","reading":"くち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"は","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"なし","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.011","source":"そのほか 口で 何を しますか。","translation":"Besides that, what do we do with our mouths?","reading":"そのほかくちでなにをしますか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"ほか","gloss":"besides"},{"text":"口","gloss":"mouth","reading":"くち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.012","source":"いろいろな ものを たべます。","translation":"we eat various things.","reading":"いろいろなものをたべます。","words":[{"text":"いろいろ","gloss":"various"},{"text":"な","gloss":"various"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"things"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"おと","gloss":"sound"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Smelling, holding and writing · Dialogue 3 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"The nose and hands","paragraphs":["*はなで においを かぎます* describes smelling scents with the nose.","*手で いろいろの ものを もちます。 そのほか 手で じを かきます* describes holding things and writing characters with the hands."]},{"title":"A negative reply","paragraphs":["*はい、 えも かきますが、 かんじは かきません* affirms drawing pictures but denies writing Kanji.","In *かきません*, *ません* makes the action negative."]},{"title":"Kanji: 手","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.013","source":"私たちは はなで 何を しますか。","translation":"What do we do with our noses?","reading":"わたくしたちははなでなにをしますか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"we"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"nose"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.014","source":"はなで においを かぎます。","translation":"We smell scents with our noses.","reading":"はなでにおいをかぎます。","words":[{"text":"はな","gloss":"nose"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"におい","gloss":"scents"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かぎ","gloss":"smell"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.015","source":"手で 何を しますか。","translation":"What do we do with our hands?","reading":"てでなにをしますか。","words":[{"text":"手","gloss":"hands","reading":"て"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.016","source":"手で いろいろの ものを もちます。 そのほか 手で じを かきます。","translation":"We hold various things with our hands. Besides that, we write characters with our hands.","reading":"てでいろいろのものをもちます。そのほかてでじをかきます。","words":[{"text":"手","gloss":"hands","reading":"て"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"いろいろ","gloss":"various"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"things"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もち","gloss":"hold"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"ほか","gloss":"besides"},{"text":"手","gloss":"hands","reading":"て"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"じ","gloss":"characters"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かき","gloss":"write"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.017","source":"えも かきますか。","translation":"Do we draw pictures, too?","reading":"えもかきますか。","words":[{"text":"え","gloss":"pictures"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"かき","gloss":"draw"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.018","source":"はい、 えも かきますが、 かんじは かきません。","translation":"Yes, we draw pictures, but we don’t write KANJI.","reading":"はい、えもかきますが、かんじはかきません。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"え","gloss":"pictures"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"かき","gloss":"draw"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"かんじ","gloss":"Kanji"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かき","gloss":"write"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"におい","gloss":"smell, scent"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"じ","gloss":"character, word"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"かんじ","gloss":"Kanji (Chinese characters)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Walking and writing names · Dialogue 4 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"Writing a name on the board","paragraphs":["*トマスさん、 こくばんに あなたの おなまえを おかきなさい* means \"Mr. Thomas, write your name on the blackboard, please.\"","He agrees, takes the chalk, and writes his name on the blackboard."]},{"title":"The surface of the action","paragraphs":["*こくばんに なまえを かきました* means \"Then he wrote his name on the blackboard.\"","Here, *に* marks the blackboard as the surface of the action."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.019","source":"あしで 何を しますか。","translation":"What do we do with our legs?","reading":"あしでなにをしますか。","words":[{"text":"あし","gloss":"legs"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.020","source":"あしで あるきます。","translation":"we walk with our legs.","reading":"あしであるきます。","words":[{"text":"あし","gloss":"legs"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"あるき","gloss":"walk"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.021","source":"トマスさん、 こくばんに あなたの おなまえを おかきなさい。","translation":"Mr. Thomas, write your name on the blackboard, please.","reading":"トマスさん、こくばんにあなたのおなまえをおかきなさい。","words":[{"text":"トマス","gloss":"Thomas"},{"text":"さん、","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"こくばん","gloss":"blackboard"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"your"},{"text":"お","gloss":"please"},{"text":"なまえ","gloss":"name"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"お","gloss":"please"},{"text":"かき","gloss":"write"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.021.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.022","source":"はい、 かしこまりました。","translation":"yes, certainly.","reading":"はい、かしこまりました。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"かしこまり","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.022.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.023","source":"パーカーさん、 トマスさんは 何を しましたか。","translation":"Mr. Parker, what did Mr. Thomas do?","reading":"パーカーさん、トマスさんはなにをしましたか。","words":[{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん、","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"トマス","gloss":"Thomas"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.023.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.024","source":"トマスさんは はくぼくを とりました。 それから、 こくばんに なまえを かきました。","translation":"Mr. Thomas picked up the chalk. Then he wrote his name on the blackboard.","reading":"トマスさんははくぼくをとりました。それから、こくばんになまえをかきました。","words":[{"text":"トマス","gloss":"Thomas"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"はく","gloss":"chalk"},{"text":"ぼく","gloss":"chalk"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"とり","gloss":"pick up"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"then"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"こくばん","gloss":"blackboard"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"なまえ","gloss":"name"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かき","gloss":"write"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"なまえ","gloss":"name"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Hands and placing chalk · Dialogue 5 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"The hand used for writing","paragraphs":["*いいえ、 ひだりの 手で かきませんでした。 みぎの 手で かきました* contrasts the hand not used with the hand used.","The reply means \"No, he did not write with his left hand. He wrote with his right hand.\""]},{"title":"A past action made negative","paragraphs":["In *かきませんでした*, *ませんでした* makes the past action negative: \"did not write.\"","*つくえの うえに おきました* means \"He put it on the desk.\" Here, *に* marks where the chalk was put."]}],"lines":[{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.025","source":"トマスさんは ひだりの 手で かきましたか。","translation":"Did Mr. Thomas write with his left hand?","reading":"トマスさんはひだりのてでかきましたか。","words":[{"text":"トマス","gloss":"Thomas"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ひだり","gloss":"left"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"手","gloss":"hand","reading":"て"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"かき","gloss":"write"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.025.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.026","source":"いいえ、 ひだりの 手で かきませんでした。 みぎの 手で かきました。","translation":"No, he did not write with his left hand. He wrote with his right hand.","reading":"いいえ、ひだりのてでかきませんでした。みぎのてでかきました。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"ひだり","gloss":"left"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"手","gloss":"hand","reading":"て"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"かき","gloss":"write"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"past"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"},{"text":"みぎ","gloss":"right"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"手","gloss":"hand","reading":"て"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"かき","gloss":"write"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.026.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.027","source":"トマスさんは はくぼくを どこに おきましたか。","translation":"Where did Mr. Thomas put the chalk?","reading":"トマスさんははくぼくをどこにおきましたか。","words":[{"text":"トマス","gloss":"Thomas"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"はく","gloss":"chalk"},{"text":"ぼく","gloss":"chalk"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"put"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.027.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L014.dlg.028","source":"つくえの うえに おきました。","translation":"He put it on the desk.","reading":"つくえのうえにおきました。","words":[{"text":"つくえ","gloss":"desk"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"うえ","gloss":"top"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"put"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.dlg.028.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ひだり","gloss":"left"},{"word":"みぎ","gloss":"right"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Present and past negatives · Pattern 1 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"An action that does not happen","paragraphs":["*私は がっこうへ 行きません* means \"I don't go to school.\"","In *行きません*, *ません* takes the place of *ます* and makes the verb negative."]},{"title":"An action that did not happen","paragraphs":["*私は がっこうへ 行きませんでした* means \"I didn't go to school.\"","For a past action, *ませんでした* takes the place of *ました* and makes the verb negative."]}],"lines":[{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt1.01","source":"私は がっこうへ 行きません。","translation":"I don't go to school.","reading":"わたくしはがっこうへいきません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt1.02","source":"私は がっこうへ 行きませんでした。","translation":"I didn't go to school.","reading":"わたくしはがっこうへいきませんでした。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"past"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt1.03","source":"私は さかなを たべません。","translation":"I don't eat fish.","reading":"わたくしはさかなをたべません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt1.04","source":"私は にっぽんへ 行きません。","translation":"I don't go to Japan.","reading":"わたくしはにっぽんへいきません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"にっぽん","gloss":"Japan"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt1.05","source":"私は えを かきません。","translation":"I don't draw pictures.","reading":"わたくしはえをかきません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"え","gloss":"pictures"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かき","gloss":"draw"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt1.06","source":"あのかたは まどを しめませんでした。","translation":"He did not close the window.","reading":"あのかたはまどをしめませんでした。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"かた","gloss":"person"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まど","gloss":"window"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"しめ","gloss":"close"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"past"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt1.07","source":"あのかたは がっこうへ 来ませんでした。","translation":"He did not come to school.","reading":"あのかたはがっこうへきませんでした。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"かた","gloss":"person"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"past"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt1.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Answering with negative actions · Pattern 1 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Negative answers in two times","paragraphs":["*いいえ、 にっぽんへ 行きませんでした* means \"No, he didn't go to Japan.\" The past question receives a past negative answer.","*いいえ、 スミスさんは さかなを たべません* means \"No, Mr. Smith doesn't eat fish.\" The present question receives a present negative answer."]}],"lines":[{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt1.08","source":"たむらさんは にっぽんへ 行きましたか。","translation":"Did Mr. Tamura go to Japan?","reading":"たむらさんはにっぽんへいきましたか。","words":[{"text":"たむら","gloss":"Tamura"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"にっぽん","gloss":"Japan"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt1.09","source":"いいえ、 にっぽんへ 行きませんでした。","translation":"No, he didn't go to Japan.","reading":"いいえ、にっぽんへいきませんでした。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"にっぽん","gloss":"Japan"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"past"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt1.10","source":"スミスさんは さかなを たべますか。","translation":"Does Mr. Smith eat fish?","reading":"スミスさんはさかなをたべますか。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt1.11","source":"いいえ、 スミスさんは さかなを たべません。","translation":"No, Mr. Smith doesn't eat fish.","reading":"いいえ、スミスさんはさかなをたべません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt1.12","source":"あのかたは せきへ かえりましたか。","translation":"Did he return to the seat?","reading":"あのかたはせきへかえりましたか。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"かた","gloss":"person"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"せき","gloss":"seat"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"かえり","gloss":"return"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt1.13","source":"いいえ、 せきへ かえりませんでした。","translation":"No, he didn't return to the seat.","reading":"いいえ、せきへかえりませんでした。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"せき","gloss":"seat"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"かえり","gloss":"return"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"past"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt1.13.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"せき","gloss":"seat"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Equal quantities in groups · Pattern 2 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The same number for each","paragraphs":["*かおには 目と 耳が 二つずつ あります* means \"There are two each of eyes and ears on the face.\"","The suffix *ずつ* follows a numeral or numerator and means \"each.\""]},{"title":"Equal quantities across groups","paragraphs":["*きょうしつには せいとが 八人ずつ 居ます* means \"There are eight students each in the classrooms.\"","*スミスさんと ブラウンさんは かん字を 三つずつ かきました* means that Mr. Smith and Mr. Brown each wrote three Kanji."]},{"title":"Kanji: 人","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt2.m1","source":"かおには 目と 耳が 二つずつ あります。","translation":"There are two each of eyes and ears on the face.","reading":"かおにはめとみみがふたつずつあります。","words":[{"text":"かお","gloss":"face"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"目","gloss":"eyes","reading":"め"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"ears","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"ふた"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"two"},{"text":"ずつ","gloss":"each"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt2.01","source":"かおには 口と はなが 一つずつ あります。","translation":"There are one each of mouth and nose on the face.","reading":"かおにはくちとはながひとつずつあります。","words":[{"text":"かお","gloss":"face"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"口","gloss":"mouth","reading":"くち"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"nose"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"ずつ","gloss":"each"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt2.02","source":"きょうしつには せいとが 八人ずつ 居ます。","translation":"There are eight students each in the classrooms.","reading":"きょうしつにはせいとがはちにんずついます。","words":[{"text":"きょうしつ","gloss":"classrooms"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"students"},{"text":"と","gloss":"students"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eight students","reading":"はち"},{"text":"人","gloss":"eight students","reading":"にん"},{"text":"ずつ","gloss":"each"},{"text":"居","gloss":"are","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt2.03","source":"きょうしつには こくばんが 二つずつ あります。","translation":"There are two blackboards each in the classrooms.","reading":"きょうしつにはこくばんがふたつずつあります。","words":[{"text":"きょうしつ","gloss":"classrooms"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"こくばん","gloss":"blackboards"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"ふた"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"two"},{"text":"ずつ","gloss":"each"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt2.04","source":"スミスさんと ブラウンさんは かん字を 三つずつ かきました。","translation":"Mr. Smith and Mr. Brown each wrote three Kanji.","reading":"スミスさんとブラウンさんはかんじをみっつずつかきました。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ブラウン","gloss":"Brown"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"Kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"みっ"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"three"},{"text":"ずつ","gloss":"each"},{"text":"かき","gloss":"write"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt2.05","source":"かおには 目と耳が いくつずつ ありますか。","translation":"How many each of eyes and ears are on the face?","reading":"かおにはめとみみがいくつずつありますか。","words":[{"text":"かお","gloss":"face"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"目","gloss":"eyes","reading":"め"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"ears","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いく","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"ずつ","gloss":"each"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt2.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking quantities for each · Pattern 2 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"How many for each","paragraphs":["*この がっこうの きょうしつには まどが いくつずつ ありますか* means \"How many windows each are there in the classrooms of this school?\"","The answer *まどが 四つずつ あります* means \"There are four windows each.\" A quantity with *ずつ* gives the equal amount."]}],"lines":[{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt2.06","source":"目と 耳が 二つずつ あります。","translation":"There are two each of eyes and ears.","reading":"めとみみがふたつずつあります。","words":[{"text":"目","gloss":"eyes","reading":"め"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"ears","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"ふた"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"two"},{"text":"ずつ","gloss":"each"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt2.07","source":"せいとたちは ももを たべましたか。","translation":"Did the students eat peaches?","reading":"せいとたちはももをたべましたか。","words":[{"text":"せい","gloss":"students"},{"text":"と","gloss":"students"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"students"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"もも","gloss":"peaches"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt2.07.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt2.08","source":"ええ、 せいとたちは ももを 二つずつ たべました。","translation":"Yes, students ate two each of peaches.","reading":"ええ、せいとたちはももをふたつずつたべました。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"students"},{"text":"と","gloss":"students"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"students"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"もも","gloss":"peaches"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"ふた"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"two"},{"text":"ずつ","gloss":"each"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt2.09","source":"この がっこうの きょうしつには まどが いくつずつ ありますか。","translation":"How many windows each are there in the classrooms of this school?","reading":"このがっこうのきょうしつにはまどがいくつずつありますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"きょうしつ","gloss":"classrooms"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まど","gloss":"windows"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いく","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"ずつ","gloss":"each"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt2.10","source":"まどが 四つずつ あります。","translation":"There are four windows each.","reading":"まどがよっつずつあります。","words":[{"text":"まど","gloss":"windows"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four","reading":"よっ"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"four"},{"text":"ずつ","gloss":"each"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt2.10.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"もも","gloss":"peach"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Body parts as means · Pattern 3 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The means used for an action","paragraphs":["*私たちは 目で 見ます* describes seeing with the eyes. Here, the eyes are the means used."]},{"title":"Body parts and instruments","paragraphs":["The particle *で* follows a noun and marks the means or instrument used for an action.","*私たちは えんぴつで じを かきます* means \"We write characters with pencils.\" Here, *で* marks the pencils as the instrument."]}],"lines":[{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt3.m1","source":"私たちは 目で 見ます。","translation":"We see with our eyes.","reading":"わたくしたちはめでみます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"we"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"目","gloss":"eyes","reading":"め"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt3.m1.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt3.01","source":"私たちは あしで あるきます。","translation":"We walk with our feet.","reading":"わたくしたちはあしであるきます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"we"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あし","gloss":"feet"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"あるき","gloss":"walk"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt3.01.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt3.02","source":"私たちは 耳で おとを ききます。","translation":"We hear sounds with our ears.","reading":"わたくしたちはみみでおとをききます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"we"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"ears","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"おと","gloss":"sounds"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"きき","gloss":"hear"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt3.02.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt3.03","source":"私たちは 口で たべます。","translation":"We eat with our mouths.","reading":"わたくしたちはくちでたべます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"we"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"口","gloss":"mouths","reading":"くち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt3.03.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt3.04","source":"私たちは 手で いろいろなものを もちます。","translation":"We hold various things with our hands.","reading":"わたくしたちはてでいろいろなものをもちます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"we"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"手","gloss":"hands","reading":"て"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"いろいろ","gloss":"various"},{"text":"な","gloss":"various"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"things"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もち","gloss":"hold"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt3.04.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt3.05","source":"私たちは えんぴつで じを かきます。","translation":"We write characters with pencils.","reading":"わたくしたちはえんぴつでじをかきます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"we"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencils"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"じ","gloss":"characters"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かき","gloss":"write"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt3.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking what means are used · Pattern 3 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Asking what means is used","paragraphs":["*あなたは 何で おとを ききますか* means \"What do you hear sounds with?\" The question uses *何で* for the means.","*私は 耳で おとを ききます* answers with the means followed by *で*: \"We hear sound with ears.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt3.06","source":"私たちは はなで 何を しますか。","translation":"What do we do with our noses?","reading":"わたくしたちははなでなにをしますか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"we"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"noses"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt3.06.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt3.07","source":"はなで においを かぎます。","translation":"We smell scents with our noses.","reading":"はなでにおいをかぎます。","words":[{"text":"はな","gloss":"noses"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"におい","gloss":"scents"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かぎ","gloss":"smell"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt3.07.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt3.08","source":"あなたは 何で おとを ききますか。","translation":"What do you hear sounds with?","reading":"あなたはなにでおとをききますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"おと","gloss":"sounds"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"きき","gloss":"hear"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt3.08.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt3.09","source":"私は 耳で おとを ききます。","translation":"We hear sound with ears.","reading":"わたくしはみみでおとをききます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"ears","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"おと","gloss":"sound"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"きき","gloss":"hear"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt3.09.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt3.10","source":"にっぽん人は はしで たべますか。","translation":"Do Japanese eat with chopsticks?","reading":"にっぽんじんははしでたべますか。","words":[{"text":"にっぽん","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"じん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"はし","gloss":"chopsticks"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt3.10.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt3.11","source":"はい、 にっぽん人は たいてい はしで たべます。","translation":"Yes, Japanese usually eat with chopsticks.","reading":"はい、にっぽんじんはたいていはしでたべます。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"にっぽん","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"じん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"たいてい","gloss":"usually"},{"text":"はし","gloss":"chopsticks"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt3.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Destinations of everyday actions · Pattern 4 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Writing on the blackboard","paragraphs":["*あのかたは こくばんに なまえを かきました* means \"He wrote his name on the blackboard.\""]},{"title":"The destination of an action","paragraphs":["The particle *に* marks the destination or surface of an action. In this use, it means \"on.\"","*これを つくえの うえに おきます* means \"I'll put this on the desk.\" The phrase before *に* names the destination."]}],"lines":[{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt4.m1","source":"あのかたは こくばんに なまえを かきました。","translation":"He wrote his name on the blackboard.","reading":"あのかたはこくばんになまえをかきました。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"かた","gloss":"person"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"こくばん","gloss":"blackboard"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"なまえ","gloss":"name"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かき","gloss":"write"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt4.m1.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt4.01","source":"こくばんに にっぽんごを おかきなさい。","translation":"Please write Japanese on the blackboard.","reading":"こくばんににっぽんごをおかきなさい。","words":[{"text":"こくばん","gloss":"blackboard"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"にっぽん","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"ご","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"お","gloss":"please"},{"text":"かき","gloss":"write"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt4.01.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt4.02","source":"この かみに あなたの おなまえを おかきなさい。","translation":"Please write your name on this paper.","reading":"このかみにあなたのおなまえをおかきなさい。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"かみ","gloss":"paper"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"お","gloss":"name"},{"text":"なまえ","gloss":"name"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"お","gloss":"please"},{"text":"かき","gloss":"write"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt4.02.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt4.03","source":"これを つくえの うえに おきます。","translation":"I'll put this on the desk.","reading":"これをつくえのうえにおきます。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つくえ","gloss":"desk"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"うえ","gloss":"top"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"put"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt4.03.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt4.04","source":"あなたの いすに おかけなさい。","translation":"Please sit on your chair.","reading":"あなたのいすにおかけなさい。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"いす","gloss":"chair"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"お","gloss":"please"},{"text":"かけ","gloss":"sit"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt4.04.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt4.05","source":"この いすに おかけなさい。","translation":"Please sit on this chair.","reading":"このいすにおかけなさい。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"いす","gloss":"chair"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"お","gloss":"please"},{"text":"かけ","gloss":"sit"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt4.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Following destination commands · Pattern 4 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A command and its destination","paragraphs":["*こくばんに あなたの おなまえを おかきなさい* means \"Please write your name on the blackboard.\" Here, *に* marks the surface.","*はい、 こくばんに 私の なまえを かきます* means \"Yes, I'll write my name on the blackboard.\""]},{"title":"Putting a book on the desk","paragraphs":["*はい、 この 本を つくえのうえに おきます* means \"Yes, I'll put this book on the desk.\"","The desk surface followed by *に* is the destination of the action."]}],"lines":[{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt4.06","source":"はい、 その いすに かけます。","translation":"Yes, I'll sit on that chair.","reading":"はい、そのいすにかけます。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"いす","gloss":"chair"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"かけ","gloss":"sit"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt4.06.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt4.07","source":"こくばんに あなたの おなまえを おかきなさい。","translation":"Please write your name on the blackboard.","reading":"こくばんにあなたのおなまえをおかきなさい。","words":[{"text":"こくばん","gloss":"blackboard"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"お","gloss":"name"},{"text":"なまえ","gloss":"name"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"お","gloss":"please"},{"text":"かき","gloss":"write"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt4.07.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt4.08","source":"はい、 こくばんに 私の なまえを かきます。","translation":"Yes, I'll write my name on the blackboard.","reading":"はい、こくばんにわたくしのなまえをかきます。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"こくばん","gloss":"blackboard"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"なまえ","gloss":"name"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かき","gloss":"write"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt4.08.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt4.09","source":"その 本を つくえの うえに おおきなさい。","translation":"Please put that book on the desk.","reading":"そのほんをつくえのうえにおおきなさい。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つくえ","gloss":"desk"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"うえ","gloss":"top"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"おおきな","gloss":"please put"},{"text":"さい。","gloss":"please put"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt4.09.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L014.pt4.10","source":"はい、 この 本を つくえのうえに おきます。","translation":"Yes, I'll put this book on the desk.","reading":"はい、このほんをつくえのうえにおきます。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つくえ","gloss":"desk"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"うえ","gloss":"top"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"put"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.pt4.10.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Media, senses and particles · Word list 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Media, senses, means, and quantity","paragraphs":["The words cover media and the senses. *テレビ* means \"television,\" *おと* means \"sound,\" and *におい* means \"smell, scent.\"","The particles *で* and *に* mean \"with\" and \"on.\" The suffix *ずつ* means \"each.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L014.w.001","source":"テレビ","translation":"television","reading":"テレビ","words":[{"text":"テレビ","gloss":"television"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.w.001.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L014.w.002","source":"ラジオ","translation":"radio","reading":"ラジオ","words":[{"text":"ラジオ","gloss":"radio"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.w.002.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L014.w.003","source":"かんじ","translation":"Kanji (Chinese characters)","reading":"かんじ","words":[{"text":"かんじ","gloss":"Chinese characters"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.w.003.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L014.w.004","source":"もの","translation":"things (tangible)","reading":"もの","words":[{"text":"もの","gloss":"things"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.w.004.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L014.w.005","source":"かお","translation":"face","reading":"かお","words":[{"text":"かお","gloss":"face"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.w.005.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L014.w.006","source":"おと","translation":"sound","reading":"おと","words":[{"text":"おと","gloss":"sound"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.w.006.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L014.w.007","source":"じ","translation":"character, word","reading":"じ","words":[{"text":"じ","gloss":"character"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.w.007.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L014.w.008","source":"におい","translation":"smell, scent","reading":"におい","words":[{"text":"におい","gloss":"scent"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.w.008.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L014.w.009","source":"で","translation":"with (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"で","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"with"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.w.009.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L014.w.010","source":"に","translation":"on (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"に","words":[{"text":"に","gloss":"on"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.w.010.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L014.w.011","source":"ずつ","translation":"each (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"ずつ","words":[{"text":"ずつ","gloss":"each"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.w.011.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L014.w.012","source":"見ます","translation":"polite form of MIRU (v.t.) to see","reading":"みます","words":[{"text":"見ます","gloss":"see","reading":"みます"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.w.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"テレビ","gloss":"television"},{"word":"ラジオ","gloss":"radio"},{"word":"見ます","gloss":"polite form of MIRU (v.t.) to see"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Everyday action verbs · Word list 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Everyday actions and replies","paragraphs":["These polite verbs cover common actions. *ききます* means \"to hear, to listen,\" *あるきます* means \"to walk,\" and *おきます* means \"to put.\"","*いろいろの* and *いろいろな* both mean \"various.\" *そのほか* means \"besides that.\" *かしこまりました* is an acknowledgment such as \"certainly\" or \"yes, sir.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L014.w.013","source":"ききます","translation":"polite form of KIKU (v.t.) to hear, to listen","reading":"ききます","words":[{"text":"ききます","gloss":"hear"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.w.013.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L014.w.014","source":"はなします","translation":"polite form of HANASU (v.t.) to speak, talk","reading":"はなします","words":[{"text":"はなします","gloss":"speak"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.w.014.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L014.w.015","source":"たべます","translation":"polite form of TABERU (v.t.) to eat","reading":"たべます","words":[{"text":"たべます","gloss":"eat"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.w.015.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L014.w.016","source":"もちます","translation":"polite form of MOTSU (v.t.) to hold, to have","reading":"もちます","words":[{"text":"もちます","gloss":"hold"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.w.016.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L014.w.017","source":"あるきます","translation":"polite form of ARUKU (v.i.) to walk","reading":"あるきます","words":[{"text":"あるきます","gloss":"walk"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.w.017.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L014.w.018","source":"おきます","translation":"polite form of OKU (v.t.) to put","reading":"おきます","words":[{"text":"おきます","gloss":"put"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.w.018.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L014.w.019","source":"します","translation":"polite form of SURU (v.t.) to do","reading":"します","words":[{"text":"します","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.w.019.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L014.w.020","source":"いろいろの","translation":"various","reading":"いろいろの","words":[{"text":"いろいろの","gloss":"various"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.w.020.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L014.w.021","source":"いろいろな","translation":"various","reading":"いろいろな","words":[{"text":"いろいろな","gloss":"various"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.w.021.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L014.w.022","source":"そのほか","translation":"besides that","reading":"そのほか","words":[{"text":"そのほか","gloss":"besides that"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.w.022.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L014.w.023","source":"かしこまりました","translation":"certainly; yes, sir","reading":"かしこまりました","words":[{"text":"かしこまりました","gloss":"certainly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L014.w.023.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":6,"text":"Homework Assignment\n\n1 Listen to the tape and practice pronunciation.\n\n2 Memorize the Dialogue.\n\n3 Read the Grammar Notes.\n\n4 practice reading and writing of KANJI."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ききます","gloss":"polite form of KIKU (v.t.) to hear, to listen"},{"word":"はなします","gloss":"polite form of HANASU (v.t.) to speak, talk"},{"word":"たべます","gloss":"polite form of TABERU (v.t.) to eat"},{"word":"もちます","gloss":"polite form of MOTSU (v.t.) to hold, to have"},{"word":"あるきます","gloss":"polite form of ARUKU (v.i.) to walk"},{"word":"おきます","gloss":"polite form of OKU (v.t.) to put"},{"word":"します","gloss":"polite form of SURU (v.t.) to do"},{"word":"いろいろの","gloss":"various"},{"word":"いろいろな","gloss":"various"},{"word":"そのほか","gloss":"besides that"},{"word":"かしこまりました","gloss":"certainly; yes, sir"}],"paradigms":[]}]}