{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L144","title":"Lesson 144","stage":"Narration and the written language","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 144: school reform, clubs, old and new school levels · questions 1 of 4, types of japanese schools · questions 2 of 4, school reform and education levels · questions 3 of 4, clubs and student government · questions 4 of 4, school reform vocabulary · word list 1 of 4, subjects, study, school discipline.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/142","lines":91},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/141","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/143","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"School reform, coeducation and electives · Narration 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The new school system","paragraphs":["*この 新制度 では 学校 系統 が 一本 に され* says that the new system unifies the school system.","Elementary education lasts six years. Secondary education has three years each of junior high and high school. Higher education lasts four years.","*つまり、六三三四制 の 学校 体系 に なった のである* means \"In other words, it became a 6-3-3-4 school system.\""]},{"title":"Compulsory education and choice","paragraphs":["*また 義務 教育 年限 は 六年 から 九年 に 延長 され、男女 共学 が 実施 られる 様 に なった* extends compulsory education and introduces coeducation.","High schools adopt *選択 教科 制*. Students can choose subjects for their future plans or individual aptitudes in addition to required subjects."]},{"title":"Kanji: 科","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 適","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L144.rd.001","source":"学校 教育（三）ー 今日 の 制度","translation":"School Education (3)—The Present System","reading":"がっこうきょういく（さん）ーこんにちのせいど","words":[{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"教育","gloss":"education","reading":"きょういく"},{"text":"（三）","gloss":"part three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"ー","gloss":"dash"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"present","reading":"こんにち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"制度","gloss":"system","reading":"せいど"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L144.rd.002","source":"一九四六年 に 学校 制度 に 大きな 変革 が 起った。","translation":"In 1946, a major change took place in the school system.","reading":"せんきゅうひゃくよんじゅうろくねんにがっこうせいどにおおきなへんかくがおこった。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"one"},{"text":"九","gloss":"nine"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school"},{"text":"制度","gloss":"system"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"major"},{"text":"変革","gloss":"change"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"起っ","gloss":"took place"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"took place"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L144.rd.003","source":"その おもな もの を 三つ あげて 見る と、この 新制度 では 学校 系統 が 一本 に され、初等 教育（小学校）六年、中等 教育（中学校三年、高等学校三年）六年、高等 教育（大学）四年 の 三つ の 段階 に まとめられた。","translation":"To name three of the main changes, under this new system the school system was unified and organized into three stages: six years of elementary education (elementary school), six years of secondary education (three years of junior high school and three years of high school), and four years of higher education (university).","reading":"そのおもなものをみっつあげてみると、このしんせいどではがっこうけいとうがいっぽんにされ、しょとうきょういく（しょうがっこう）ろくねん、ちゅうとうきょういく（ちゅうがっこうさんねん、こうとうがっこうさんねん）ろくねん、こうとうきょういく（だいがく）よねんのみっつのだんかいにまとめられた。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"those"},{"text":"おもな","gloss":"main"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"changes"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"みっ"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"items"},{"text":"あげ","gloss":"to name"},{"text":"て","gloss":"to name"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"to name","reading":"みる"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"新","gloss":"new system","reading":"しん"},{"text":"制度","gloss":"new system","reading":"せいど"},{"text":"で","gloss":"under"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school system","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"系統","gloss":"school system","reading":"けいとう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一","gloss":"single line"},{"text":"本","gloss":"single line"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"was made"},{"text":"れ、","gloss":"was made"},{"text":"初等","gloss":"elementary education"},{"text":"教育","gloss":"elementary education"},{"text":"（小","gloss":"elementary school"},{"text":"学校）","gloss":"elementary school"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six"},{"text":"年、","gloss":"years"},{"text":"中等","gloss":"secondary education"},{"text":"教育","gloss":"secondary education"},{"text":"（中","gloss":"junior high school"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"junior high school"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three"},{"text":"年、","gloss":"years"},{"text":"高等","gloss":"high school"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"high school"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three"},{"text":"年）","gloss":"years"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six"},{"text":"年、","gloss":"years"},{"text":"高等","gloss":"higher education"},{"text":"教育","gloss":"higher education"},{"text":"（大学）","gloss":"university"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"みっ"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"stages"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"段階","gloss":"stages","reading":"だんかい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"まとめ","gloss":"was organized"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"was organized"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was organized"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L144.rd.004","source":"つまり、六三三四制 の 学校 体系 に なった のである。","translation":"In other words, it became a 6-3-3-4 school system.","reading":"つまり、ろくさんさんしせいのがっこうたいけいになったのである。","words":[{"text":"つまり、","gloss":"in other words"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four"},{"text":"制","gloss":"system"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school system","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"体系","gloss":"school system","reading":"たいけい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"became"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L144.rd.005","source":"また 義務 教育 年限 は 六年 から 九年 に 延長 され、男女 共学 が 実施 られる 様 に なった。","translation":"The period of compulsory education was also extended from six years to nine years, and coeducation was introduced.","reading":"またぎむきょういくねんげんはろくねんからきゅうねんにえんちょうされ、だんじょきょうがくがじっしられるようになった。","words":[{"text":"また","gloss":"also"},{"text":"義務","gloss":"compulsory education","reading":"ぎむ"},{"text":"教育","gloss":"compulsory education","reading":"きょういく"},{"text":"年限","gloss":"term","reading":"ねんげん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"九","gloss":"nine","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"延長","gloss":"was extended","reading":"えんちょう"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"was extended"},{"text":"れ、","gloss":"was extended"},{"text":"男女","gloss":"coeducation","reading":"だんじょ"},{"text":"共学","gloss":"coeducation","reading":"きょうがく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"実施","gloss":"was introduced","reading":"じっし"},{"text":"られる","gloss":"was introduced"},{"text":"様","gloss":"came to be","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"came to be"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"came to be"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"came to be"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L144.rd.006","source":"新制 高等 学校 では、選択 教科 制 と 言う 制度 が 採用 され、必修 科目 の 外 に 多く の 選択 科目 が 設けられて、自分 の 将来 の 進路 に とって 必要 な 科目 や 自分 の 個性 に 適した 科目 が 自由 に 選べる 様 に なった。","translation":"At the new high schools, a system of elective subjects was adopted, and many elective subjects were provided in addition to required subjects, so that students could freely choose subjects needed for their future plans or suited to their individual aptitudes.","reading":"しんせいこうとうがっこうでは、せんたくきょうかせいというせいどがさいようされ、ひっしゅうかもくのほかにおおくのせんたくかもくがもうけられて、じぶんのしょうらいのしんろにとってひつようなかもくやじぶんのこせいにてきしたかもくがじゆうにえらべるようになった。","words":[{"text":"新制","gloss":"new system","reading":"しんせい"},{"text":"高等","gloss":"high school","reading":"こうとう"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"high school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"選択","gloss":"elective subject system","reading":"せんたく"},{"text":"教科","gloss":"elective subject system","reading":"きょうか"},{"text":"制","gloss":"elective subject system","reading":"せい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"制度","gloss":"system","reading":"せいど"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"採用","gloss":"was adopted","reading":"さいよう"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"was adopted"},{"text":"れ、","gloss":"was adopted"},{"text":"必修","gloss":"required subjects","reading":"ひっしゅう"},{"text":"科目","gloss":"required subjects","reading":"かもく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"外","gloss":"addition","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"選択","gloss":"elective subjects","reading":"せんたく"},{"text":"科目","gloss":"elective subjects","reading":"かもく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"設け","gloss":"were provided","reading":"もうけ"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"were provided"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"were provided"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"oneself","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"将来","gloss":"future","reading":"しょうらい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"進路","gloss":"plans","reading":"しんろ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"必要","gloss":"needed","reading":"ひつよう"},{"text":"な","gloss":"needed"},{"text":"科目","gloss":"subjects","reading":"かもく"},{"text":"や","gloss":"or"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"oneself","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"個性","gloss":"individual aptitude","reading":"こせい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"適し","gloss":"suited","reading":"てきし"},{"text":"た","gloss":"suited"},{"text":"科目","gloss":"subjects","reading":"かもく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"自由","gloss":"freely","reading":"じゆう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"freely"},{"text":"選べる","gloss":"can choose","reading":"えらべる"},{"text":"様","gloss":"became possible","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"became possible"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became possible"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"became possible"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.rd.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"The New Education System\n\n1 With the enforcement of a new education law in 1947 the school courses were patterned after that of the United States. Under the new education system, the term of compulsory education was extended from 6 to 9 years, that is 6 years in primary schools and 3 years in junior high schools. There is another 3-year course in senior high schools, and a 4-year course in colleges or universities.\n\nIn addition to the foregoing, there are 2-year course colleges, whereas medical students at universities are required to complete a 6-year course, as well as further 4-year postgraduate course for doctorate theses.\n\n1 Besides these, there are 5-year course technical institutes that follow the secondary schools. There are at present 291 colleges and universities and 339 junior colleges in Japan (1964).\n\nPrimary schools, which number 22,677, and junior high schools, totaling 11,765, are usually coeducational, but some of the junior high schools are not. There are also a few women’s colleges and universities, but all the men’s universities with a few exceptions now admit women students.\n\n1 Due to the extremely high attendance ratio of children of school age, so-called illiteracy is practically nonexistent in Japan. With an aggregate total of 743,000 university students, Japan ranks among the leading nations in the world with regard to higher education facilities.\n\n1 Many foreign students come to Japan each year to study in Japanese universities. Recently, students from many Asian countries are coming to Japan to receive training in industries and in many fields of science and technology.\n\n1 Education for Japanese children is free and compulsory for six years of primary and three years of secondary school. English is widely taught as a secondary language beginning in the seventh grade. School sessions are usually from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. on weekdays and until noon on Saturdays. The school year begins in April and ends in March each year. There is summer vacation in August and winter vacation during the New Year holidays.\n\n1 Admission to the three-year high school is by competitive examination and a nominal tuition is charged. The recently liberalized education system is administered through local school boards and legislatures.\n\nJapanese children study much the same things as American children."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"（三）","gloss":"three"},{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"九","gloss":"nine"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"六","gloss":"six"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"大きな","gloss":"big, large (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"変革","gloss":"change; reform"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"本","gloss":"numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)"},{"word":"段階","gloss":"steps; grade; rank"},{"word":"つまり、","gloss":"in short, in another word"},{"word":"ある。","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"また","gloss":"thigh"},{"word":"年限","gloss":"length of time; term"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"新制","gloss":"new system"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"多く","gloss":"many of them"},{"word":"自分","gloss":"self"},{"word":"将来","gloss":"future; in the future"},{"word":"進路","gloss":"course; route; way"},{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"個性","gloss":"individuality; personality"},{"word":"自由","gloss":"freedom"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Clubs, homerooms and student government · Narration 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Activities led by students","paragraphs":["*生徒会、ホームルーム、クラブ など の 活動 が 重要 視 される 様 に なった* presents student government, homeroom, and clubs as important activities.","Homerooms address daily problems through open discussion. Clubs extend classroom study and develop personal interests and general education."]},{"title":"The work of student government","paragraphs":["*生徒会 は 通常、全校 生徒 を もって 構成 されて おり* says that student government normally includes every student in the school.","Its work covers order, discipline, sanitation, beautification, and welfare. It also sets policies for cultural activities and athletic competitions."]},{"title":"Kanji: 構","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 厚","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 向","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 視","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L144.rd.007","source":"特別 課程 として、生徒会、ホームルーム、クラブ など の 活動 が 重要 視 される 様 に なった。","translation":"Activities such as student government, homeroom, and clubs came to be regarded as important parts of the special curriculum.","reading":"とくべつかていとして、せいとかい、ホームルーム、クラブなどのかつどうがじゅうようしされるようになった。","words":[{"text":"特別","gloss":"special","reading":"とくべつ"},{"text":"課程","gloss":"curriculum","reading":"かてい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"as"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"as"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"会、","gloss":"government","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ホームルーム、","gloss":"homeroom"},{"text":"クラブ","gloss":"clubs"},{"text":"など","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"活動","gloss":"activities","reading":"かつどう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"重要","gloss":"regarded as important","reading":"じゅうよう"},{"text":"視","gloss":"regarded as important","reading":"し"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"regarded as important"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"regarded as important"},{"text":"様","gloss":"came to be","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"came to be"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"came to be"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"came to be"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L144.rd.008","source":"ホームルーム の 活動 は 生徒 の 活動 が 中心 と なって 生徒 の 日常 の 問題 が 取り上げられる。","translation":"Homeroom activities center on the students themselves and deal with problems in their daily lives.","reading":"ホームルームのかつどうはせいとのかつどうがちゅうしんとなってせいとのにちじょうのもんだいがとりあげられる。","words":[{"text":"ホームルーム","gloss":"homeroom"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"活動","gloss":"activities","reading":"かつどう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"活動","gloss":"activities","reading":"かつどう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"中心","gloss":"center","reading":"ちゅうしん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"center on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"center on"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"日常","gloss":"daily","reading":"にちじょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"問題","gloss":"problems","reading":"もんだい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"取り上げ","gloss":"are addressed","reading":"とりあげ"},{"text":"られる。","gloss":"are addressed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L144.rd.009","source":"そして 自由 な 話し合い に よって その 問題 を 解決 する のである。","translation":"The students then solve those problems through open discussion.","reading":"そしてじゆうなはなしあいによってそのもんだいをかいけつするのである。","words":[{"text":"そして","gloss":"then"},{"text":"自由","gloss":"open","reading":"じゆう"},{"text":"な","gloss":"open"},{"text":"話し合い","gloss":"discussion","reading":"はなしあい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"through"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"through"},{"text":"て","gloss":"through"},{"text":"その","gloss":"those"},{"text":"問題","gloss":"problems","reading":"もんだい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"解決","gloss":"solve","reading":"かいけつ"},{"text":"する","gloss":"solve"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L144.rd.010","source":"クラブ 活動 は、教科 の 学習 の 発展 として、また 生徒 個人 の 趣味 や 教養 の 向上 を めざして 行なわれ、一週間 一定 の 時間 に 少くとも 一時限 を これ に あてる。","translation":"Club activities are conducted as an extension of classroom study and with the aim of developing each student’s interests and general education, and at least one class period at a set time each week is devoted to them.","reading":"クラブかつどうは、きょうかのがくしゅうのはってんとして、またせいとこじんのしゅみやきょうようのこうじょうをめざしておこなわれ、いっしゅうかんいっていのじかんにすくなくともいちじげんをこれにあてる。","words":[{"text":"クラブ","gloss":"club"},{"text":"活動","gloss":"activities","reading":"かつどう"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"教科","gloss":"classroom subjects","reading":"きょうか"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"学習","gloss":"study","reading":"がくしゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"発展","gloss":"extension","reading":"はってん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"as"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"as"},{"text":"また","gloss":"also"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"個人","gloss":"individual","reading":"こじん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"趣味","gloss":"interests","reading":"しゅみ"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"教養","gloss":"general education","reading":"きょうよう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"向上","gloss":"development","reading":"こうじょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"めざし","gloss":"aiming at"},{"text":"て","gloss":"aiming at"},{"text":"行なわ","gloss":"are conducted","reading":"おこなわ"},{"text":"れ、","gloss":"are conducted"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one week"},{"text":"週間","gloss":"one week"},{"text":"一定","gloss":"set"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"time","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"少く","gloss":"at least","reading":"すくなく"},{"text":"とも","gloss":"at least"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one class period"},{"text":"時","gloss":"one class period"},{"text":"限","gloss":"one class period"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"these"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"あてる。","gloss":"devote"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L144.rd.011","source":"そして、この 時間 が 来る と、生徒 は 英会話 クラブ、物理 クラブ、裁縫 クラブ、テニス クラブ、野球 クラブ、写真 クラブ など と 自分 の 属 して いる クラブ に 行く。","translation":"When this period comes, the students go to the clubs they belong to, such as the English conversation club, physics club, sewing club, tennis club, baseball club, or photography club.","reading":"そして、このじかんがくると、せいとはえいかいわクラブ、ぶつりクラブ、さいほうクラブ、テニスクラブ、やきゅうクラブ、しゃしんクラブなどとじぶんのぞくしているクラブにいく。","words":[{"text":"そして、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"period","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"comes","reading":"くる"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"英","gloss":"English conversation","reading":"えい"},{"text":"会話","gloss":"English conversation","reading":"かいわ"},{"text":"クラブ、","gloss":"club"},{"text":"物理","gloss":"physics","reading":"ぶつり"},{"text":"クラブ、","gloss":"club"},{"text":"裁縫","gloss":"sewing","reading":"さいほう"},{"text":"クラブ、","gloss":"club"},{"text":"テニス","gloss":"tennis"},{"text":"クラブ、","gloss":"club"},{"text":"野球","gloss":"baseball","reading":"やきゅう"},{"text":"クラブ、","gloss":"club"},{"text":"写真","gloss":"photography","reading":"しゃしん"},{"text":"クラブ","gloss":"club"},{"text":"など","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"oneself","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"属","gloss":"belong to","reading":"ぞく"},{"text":"し","gloss":"belong to"},{"text":"て","gloss":"belong to"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"belong to"},{"text":"クラブ","gloss":"club"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く。","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L144.rd.012","source":"生徒会 は 通常、全校 生徒 を もって 構成 されて おり、校内 秩序、風紀、衛生、美化、厚生 など の 各部面 の 活動 を はじめ、クラブ を 通じて の 文化 活動 や 運動 競技 の 方針 の 決定 など が その 大切 な 仕事 である。","translation":"The student government is normally made up of all the students in the school, and its important duties include activities concerning order, discipline, sanitation, beautification, and welfare within the school, as well as deciding policies for cultural activities and athletic competitions conducted through the clubs.","reading":"せいとかいはつうじょう、ぜんこうせいとをもってこうせいされており、こうないちつじょ、ふうき、えいせい、びか、こうせいなどのかくぶめんのかつどうをはじめ、クラブをつうじてのぶんかかつどうやうんどうきょうぎのほうしんのけっていなどがそのたいせつなしごとである。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student government","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"会","gloss":"student government","reading":"かい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"通常、","gloss":"normally","reading":"つうじょう"},{"text":"全校","gloss":"whole school","reading":"ぜんこう"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もっ","gloss":"using"},{"text":"て","gloss":"using"},{"text":"構成","gloss":"is made up","reading":"こうせい"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"is made up"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is made up"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is made up"},{"text":"おり、","gloss":"is made up"},{"text":"校内","gloss":"within school","reading":"こうない"},{"text":"秩序、","gloss":"order","reading":"ちつじょ"},{"text":"風紀、","gloss":"discipline","reading":"ふうき"},{"text":"衛生、","gloss":"sanitation","reading":"えいせい"},{"text":"美化、","gloss":"beautification","reading":"びか"},{"text":"厚生","gloss":"welfare","reading":"こうせい"},{"text":"など","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"各","gloss":"various aspects","reading":"かく"},{"text":"部面","gloss":"various aspects","reading":"ぶめん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"活動","gloss":"activities","reading":"かつどう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はじめ、","gloss":"including"},{"text":"クラブ","gloss":"clubs"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"通じ","gloss":"through","reading":"つうじ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"through"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"文化","gloss":"cultural","reading":"ぶんか"},{"text":"活動","gloss":"activities","reading":"かつどう"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"運動","gloss":"athletic competitions","reading":"うんどう"},{"text":"競技","gloss":"athletic competitions","reading":"きょうぎ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方針","gloss":"policies","reading":"ほうしん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"決定","gloss":"decisions","reading":"けってい"},{"text":"など","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"その","gloss":"those"},{"text":"大切","gloss":"important","reading":"たいせつ"},{"text":"な","gloss":"important"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"duties","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"で","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.rd.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"課程","gloss":"course of study"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"ホームルーム、","gloss":"homeroom (See Notes)"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"活動","gloss":"activity"},{"word":"れる","gloss":"to be able to --\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"話し合い","gloss":"discussion"},{"word":"学習","gloss":"study; learning"},{"word":"個人","gloss":"individual"},{"word":"教養","gloss":"education; culture; refinement"},{"word":"時間","gloss":"hour, time"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"あてる。","gloss":"address; direct"},{"word":"物理","gloss":"physics"},{"word":"裁縫","gloss":"sewing"},{"word":"テニス","gloss":"tennis"},{"word":"野球","gloss":"baseball"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"全校","gloss":"whole school"},{"word":"校内","gloss":"within a school; interclass"},{"word":"秩序、","gloss":"order; discipline"},{"word":"風紀、","gloss":"discipline; public morals"},{"word":"美化、","gloss":"beautification"},{"word":"厚生","gloss":"public welfare"},{"word":"はじめ、","gloss":"beginning"},{"word":"文化","gloss":"culture"},{"word":"運動","gloss":"movement"},{"word":"競技","gloss":"athletic events; athletic competition"},{"word":"方針","gloss":"policy"},{"word":"決定","gloss":"decision; conclusion"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Old and new school levels · Questions 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"School levels in two systems","paragraphs":["The prompts place school levels under *新制度*, \"New system,\" and *旧制度*, \"Old system.\"","The levels range from *幼稚園*, \"Kindergarten,\" through *大学*, \"University,\" and *短期大学*, \"Junior college.\" An answer names the matching school level."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.001","source":"新制度","translation":"New system","reading":"しんせいど","words":[{"text":"新","gloss":"new system","reading":"しん"},{"text":"制度","gloss":"new system","reading":"せいど"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.001.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.002","source":"旧制度","translation":"Old system","reading":"きゅうせいど","words":[{"text":"旧","gloss":"old system","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"制度","gloss":"old system","reading":"せいど"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.002.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.003","source":"幼稚園","translation":"Kindergarten","reading":"ようちえん","words":[{"text":"幼稚","gloss":"kindergarten","reading":"ようち"},{"text":"園","gloss":"kindergarten","reading":"えん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.003.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.004","source":"小学校","translation":"Elementary school","reading":"しょうがっこう","words":[{"text":"小","gloss":"elementary school","reading":"しょう"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"elementary school","reading":"がっこう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.004.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.005","source":"中学校","translation":"Junior high school","reading":"ちゅうがっこう","words":[{"text":"中","gloss":"junior high school","reading":"ちゅう"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"junior high school","reading":"がっこう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.005.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.006","source":"高等学校","translation":"High school","reading":"こうとうがっこう","words":[{"text":"高等","gloss":"high school","reading":"こうとう"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"high school","reading":"がっこう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.006.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.007","source":"大学","translation":"University","reading":"だいがく","words":[{"text":"大学","gloss":"university","reading":"だいがく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.007.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.008","source":"短期大学","translation":"Junior college","reading":"たんきだいがく","words":[{"text":"短期","gloss":"junior college","reading":"たんき"},{"text":"大学","gloss":"junior college","reading":"だいがく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.008.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Types of Japanese schools · Questions 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Specialized schools and courses","paragraphs":["The prompts name medical, national, secondary, specialized, normal, preparatory, and higher-school institutions.","*専門学校* means \"Specialized school,\" and *大学予科* means \"University preparatory course.\" An answer identifies the institution or course."]}],"lines":[{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.009","source":"（医科）","translation":"Medical school","reading":"（いか）","words":[{"text":"（医科）","gloss":"medical school","reading":"いか"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.009.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.010","source":"国民学校初等科","translation":"Primary division of national school","reading":"こくみんがっこうしょとうか","words":[{"text":"国民","gloss":"national school","reading":"こくみん"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"national school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"初等","gloss":"primary division","reading":"しょとう"},{"text":"科","gloss":"primary division","reading":"か"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.010.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.011","source":"国民学校高等科","translation":"Higher division of national school","reading":"こくみんがっこうこうとうか","words":[{"text":"国民","gloss":"national school","reading":"こくみん"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"national school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"高等","gloss":"higher division","reading":"こうとう"},{"text":"科","gloss":"higher division","reading":"か"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.011.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.012","source":"中等学校","translation":"Secondary school","reading":"ちゅうとうがっこう","words":[{"text":"中等","gloss":"secondary school","reading":"ちゅうとう"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"secondary school","reading":"がっこう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.012.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.013","source":"専門学校","translation":"Specialized school","reading":"せんもんがっこう","words":[{"text":"専門","gloss":"specialized school","reading":"せんもん"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"specialized school","reading":"がっこう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.013.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.014","source":"高等師範学校","translation":"Higher normal school","reading":"こうとうしはんがっこう","words":[{"text":"高等","gloss":"higher normal school","reading":"こうとう"},{"text":"師範","gloss":"higher normal school","reading":"しはん"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"higher normal school","reading":"がっこう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.014.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.015","source":"大学予科","translation":"University preparatory course","reading":"だいがくよか","words":[{"text":"大学","gloss":"university","reading":"だいがく"},{"text":"予科","gloss":"preparatory course","reading":"よか"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.015.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.016","source":"高等学校","translation":"Higher school","reading":"こうとうがっこう","words":[{"text":"高等","gloss":"higher school","reading":"こうとう"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"higher school","reading":"がっこう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.016.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"School reform and education levels · Questions 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"What changed under the new system","paragraphs":["The questions ask when the reform occurred, how the system was organized, and what changed in compulsory education and coeducation.","*義務教育 年限 は どう なりましたか* means \"What happened to the period of compulsory education?\" An answer states that it increased from six years to nine."]}],"lines":[{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.017","source":"大学","translation":"University","reading":"だいがく","words":[{"text":"大学","gloss":"university","reading":"だいがく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.017.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.018","source":"学校制度 に 大きな 変革 が 起った のは いつ ですか。","translation":"When did the major change in the school system take place?","reading":"がっこうせいどにおおきなへんかくがおこったのはいつですか。","words":[{"text":"学校","gloss":"school system","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"制度","gloss":"school system","reading":"せいど"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"major","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"変革","gloss":"change","reading":"へんかく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"起っ","gloss":"take place","reading":"おこっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"it"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.018.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.019","source":"この 新制度 で 学校系統 は どんな に なりましたか。","translation":"What did the school system become like under this new system?","reading":"このしんせいどでがっこうけいとうはどんなになりましたか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"新","gloss":"new system","reading":"しん"},{"text":"制度","gloss":"new system","reading":"せいど"},{"text":"で","gloss":"under"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school system","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"系統","gloss":"school system","reading":"けいとう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"に","gloss":"like"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.019.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.020","source":"初等教育 とは、どんな 教育 ですか。","translation":"What kind of education is elementary education?","reading":"しょとうきょういくとは、どんなきょういくですか。","words":[{"text":"初等","gloss":"elementary education","reading":"しょとう"},{"text":"教育","gloss":"elementary education","reading":"きょういく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"教育","gloss":"education","reading":"きょういく"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.020.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.021","source":"中等教育 とは、どんな 教育 ですか。","translation":"What kind of education is secondary education?","reading":"ちゅうとうきょういくとは、どんなきょういくですか。","words":[{"text":"中等","gloss":"secondary education","reading":"ちゅうとう"},{"text":"教育","gloss":"secondary education","reading":"きょういく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"教育","gloss":"education","reading":"きょういく"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.021.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.022","source":"高等教育 とは、どんな 教育 ですか。","translation":"What kind of education is higher education?","reading":"こうとうきょういくとは、どんなきょういくですか。","words":[{"text":"高等","gloss":"higher education","reading":"こうとう"},{"text":"教育","gloss":"higher education","reading":"きょういく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"教育","gloss":"education","reading":"きょういく"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.022.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.023","source":"義務教育 年限 は どう なりましたか。","translation":"What happened to the period of compulsory education?","reading":"ぎむきょういくねんげんはどうなりましたか。","words":[{"text":"義務","gloss":"compulsory education","reading":"ぎむ"},{"text":"教育","gloss":"compulsory education","reading":"きょういく"},{"text":"年限","gloss":"period","reading":"ねんげん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.023.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.024","source":"男女共学 は どうですか。","translation":"What about coeducation?","reading":"だんじょきょうがくはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"男女","gloss":"coeducation","reading":"だんじょ"},{"text":"共学","gloss":"coeducation","reading":"きょうがく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what about"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"いつ","gloss":"when?"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Clubs and student government · Questions 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Purposes and participants","paragraphs":["The questions ask what elective subjects, homerooms, clubs, and student government are, what they do, and who takes part.","*生徒会 は だれ に よって 構成 されて いますか* means \"Who makes up the student government?\" An answer names the people who compose it."]}],"lines":[{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.025","source":"選択教科制 と いう のは、どんな 事 ですか。","translation":"What is the elective-subject system?","reading":"せんたくきょうかせいというのは、どんなことですか。","words":[{"text":"選択","gloss":"elective-subject system","reading":"せんたく"},{"text":"教科","gloss":"elective-subject system","reading":"きょうか"},{"text":"制","gloss":"elective-subject system","reading":"せい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"の","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.025.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.026","source":"特別課程 として どんな もの が 出来ましたか。","translation":"What kinds of activities were established as part of the special curriculum?","reading":"とくべつかていとしてどんなものができましたか。","words":[{"text":"特別","gloss":"special curriculum","reading":"とくべつ"},{"text":"課程","gloss":"special curriculum","reading":"かてい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"as"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kinds of"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"activities"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"established","reading":"でき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.026.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.027","source":"ホームルーム の 活動 と いう のは、どんな 事 ですか。","translation":"What are homeroom activities?","reading":"ホームルームのかつどうというのは、どんなことですか。","words":[{"text":"ホームルーム","gloss":"homeroom"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"活動","gloss":"activities","reading":"かつどう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"の","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.027.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.028","source":"クラブ 活動 と いう のは、どんな 事 ですか。","translation":"What are club activities?","reading":"クラブかつどうというのは、どんなことですか。","words":[{"text":"クラブ","gloss":"club"},{"text":"活動","gloss":"activities","reading":"かつどう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"の","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.028.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.029","source":"クラブ 活動 は 何 を 目ざして 行なわれる のですか。","translation":"What goals are club activities conducted to achieve?","reading":"クラブかつどうはなにをめざしておこなわれるのですか。","words":[{"text":"クラブ","gloss":"club"},{"text":"活動","gloss":"activities","reading":"かつどう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"目ざし","gloss":"aim for","reading":"めざし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"aim for"},{"text":"行なわ","gloss":"conducted","reading":"おこなわ"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"conducted"},{"text":"の","gloss":"it"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.029.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.030","source":"クラブ 活動 では どんな 事 を しますか。","translation":"What kinds of things do students do in club activities?","reading":"クラブかつどうではどんなことをしますか。","words":[{"text":"クラブ","gloss":"club"},{"text":"活動","gloss":"activities","reading":"かつどう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kinds of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"things","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.030.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.031","source":"生徒会 は だれ に よって 構成 されて いますか。","translation":"Who makes up the student government?","reading":"せいとかいはだれによってこうせいされていますか。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student government","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"会","gloss":"student government","reading":"かい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"by"},{"text":"て","gloss":"by"},{"text":"構成","gloss":"made up","reading":"こうせい"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"made up"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"made up"},{"text":"て","gloss":"made up"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.031.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L144.q.032","source":"生徒会 では どんな 事 を しますか。","translation":"What kinds of things does the student government do?","reading":"せいとかいではどんなことをしますか。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student government","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"会","gloss":"student government","reading":"かい"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kinds of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"things","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.q.032.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は、","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"ホームルーム","gloss":"homeroom (See Notes)"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"だれ","gloss":"who?"},{"word":"い","gloss":"stomach"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"School reform vocabulary · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Reform and the new system","paragraphs":["These words cover school reform, education levels, compulsory education, coeducation, and electives.","*変革* means \"change\" or \"reform.\" *六三三四制* names the 6-3-3-4 system, and *選択教科制* means \"elective subject system.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.001","source":"変革","translation":"change; reform","reading":"へんかく","words":[{"text":"変革","gloss":"change","reading":"へんかく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.001.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.002","source":"学校系統","translation":"school system","reading":"がっこうけいとう","words":[{"text":"学校系統","gloss":"school system","reading":"がっこうけいとう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.002.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.003","source":"初等教育","translation":"elementary education","reading":"しょとうきょういく","words":[{"text":"初等教育","gloss":"elementary education","reading":"しょとうきょういく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.003.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.004","source":"中等教育","translation":"secondai , education","reading":"ちゅうとうきょういく","words":[{"text":"中等教育","gloss":"secondary education","reading":"ちゅうとうきょういく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.004.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.005","source":"まとめる","translation":"uriu'v; coordinate (v.t'.)","reading":"まとめる","words":[{"text":"まとめる","gloss":"coordinate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.005.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.006","source":"六三三四制","translation":"6-3-3-4 system","reading":"ろくさんさんしせい","words":[{"text":"六三三四制","gloss":"6-3-3-4 system","reading":"ろくさんさんしせい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.006.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.007","source":"学校体系","translation":"school system","reading":"がっこうたいけい","words":[{"text":"学校体系","gloss":"school system","reading":"がっこうたいけい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.007.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.008","source":"延長 する","translation":"extend; /-'olong (v.t.)","reading":"えんちょうする","words":[{"text":"延長する","gloss":"extend","reading":"えんちょうする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.008.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.009","source":"男女共学","translation":"coeducation","reading":"だんじょきょうがく","words":[{"text":"男女共学","gloss":"coeducation","reading":"だんじょきょうがく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.009.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.010","source":"実施 する","translation":"bring into operation; take effect (v.t.)","reading":"じっしする","words":[{"text":"実施する","gloss":"implement","reading":"じっしする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.010.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.011","source":"新制","translation":"new system","reading":"しんせい","words":[{"text":"新制","gloss":"new system","reading":"しんせい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.011.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.012","source":"選択教科制","translation":"elective subject system","reading":"せんたくきょうかせい","words":[{"text":"選択教科制","gloss":"elective-subject system","reading":"せんたくきょうかせい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"学校系統","gloss":"school system"},{"word":"初等教育","gloss":"elementary education"},{"word":"中等教育","gloss":"secondai , education"},{"word":"まとめる","gloss":"uriu'v; coordinate (v.t'.)"},{"word":"六三三四制","gloss":"6-3-3-4 system"},{"word":"学校体系","gloss":"school system"},{"word":"延長する","gloss":"extend; /-'olong (v.t.)"},{"word":"男女共学","gloss":"coeducation"},{"word":"実施する","gloss":"bring into operation; take effect (v.t.)"},{"word":"選択教科制","gloss":"elective subject system"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Subjects, curricula and activities · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Subjects and student choices","paragraphs":["These words cover subjects, curricula, educational choices, and student activities.","*必修 科目* means \"required subject,\" while *選択 科目* means \"elective subject.\" *ホームルーム* means \"homeroom.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.013","source":"採用 する","translation":"adopt; use (v.t.)","reading":"さいようする","words":[{"text":"採用する","gloss":"adopt","reading":"さいようする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.013.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.014","source":"必修 科目","translation":"required subject","reading":"ひっしゅうかもく","words":[{"text":"必修科目","gloss":"required subject","reading":"ひっしゅうかもく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.014.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.015","source":"選択 科目","translation":"elect-vo subject","reading":"せんたくかもく","words":[{"text":"選択科目","gloss":"elective subject","reading":"せんたくかもく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.015.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.016","source":"進路","translation":"course; route; way","reading":"しんろ","words":[{"text":"進路","gloss":"course","reading":"しんろ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.016.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.017","source":"個性","translation":"individuality; personality","reading":"こせい","words":[{"text":"個性","gloss":"individuality","reading":"こせい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.017.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.018","source":"自由 に","translation":"freely","reading":"じゆうに","words":[{"text":"自由に","gloss":"freely","reading":"じゆうに"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.018.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.019","source":"課程","translation":"course; curriculum","reading":"かてい","words":[{"text":"課程","gloss":"curriculum","reading":"かてい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.019.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.020","source":"生徒会","translation":"students’ association","reading":"せいとかい","words":[{"text":"生徒会","gloss":"student association","reading":"せいとかい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.020.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.021","source":"ホームルーム","translation":"homeroom (See Notes)","reading":"ホームルーム","words":[{"text":"ホームルーム","gloss":"homeroom"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.021.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.022","source":"活動","translation":"activity","reading":"かつどう","words":[{"text":"活動","gloss":"activity","reading":"かつどう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.022.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.023","source":"重要視 される","translation":"be regarded as important (v.i.)","reading":"じゅうようしされる","words":[{"text":"重要視される","gloss":"regarded as important","reading":"じゅうようしされる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.023.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.024","source":"日常 の","translation":"daily; usual; ordinary","reading":"にちじょうの","words":[{"text":"日常の","gloss":"daily","reading":"にちじょうの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"採用する","gloss":"adopt; use (v.t.)"},{"word":"必修科目","gloss":"required subject"},{"word":"選択科目","gloss":"elect-vo subject"},{"word":"自由に","gloss":"freely"},{"word":"生徒会","gloss":"students’ association"},{"word":"重要視される","gloss":"be regarded as important (v.i.)"},{"word":"日常の","gloss":"daily; usual; ordinary"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Study, discussion and clubs · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Discussion and club time","paragraphs":["These words cover discussion, study, personal development, scheduled club time, and school clubs.","*話し合い* means \"discussion,\" and *解決 する* means \"solve.\" *一時限* means \"one period.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.025","source":"取り上げる","translation":"take up (v.t.)","reading":"とりあげる","words":[{"text":"取り上げる","gloss":"take up","reading":"とりあげる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.025.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.026","source":"話し合い","translation":"discussion","reading":"はなしあい","words":[{"text":"話し合い","gloss":"discussion","reading":"はなしあい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.026.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.027","source":"解決 する","translation":"solve (v.t.)","reading":"かいけつする","words":[{"text":"解決する","gloss":"solve","reading":"かいけつする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.027.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.028","source":"学習","translation":"study; learning","reading":"がくしゅう","words":[{"text":"学習","gloss":"study","reading":"がくしゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.028.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.029","source":"個人","translation":"individual","reading":"こじん","words":[{"text":"個人","gloss":"individual","reading":"こじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.029.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.030","source":"教養","translation":"education; culture; refinement","reading":"きょうよう","words":[{"text":"教養","gloss":"education and refinement","reading":"きょうよう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.030.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.031","source":"目ざす","translation":"aim at (v.t.)","reading":"めざす","words":[{"text":"目ざす","gloss":"aim at","reading":"めざす"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.031.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.032","source":"一時限","translation":"one period","reading":"いちじげん","words":[{"text":"一時限","gloss":"one period","reading":"いちじげん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.032.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.033","source":"ーーに あてる","translation":"allocate; devote (v.t.)","reading":"ーーにあてる","words":[{"text":"ーーにあてる","gloss":"allocate to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.033.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.034","source":"英会話 クラブ","translation":"English conversation club","reading":"えいかいわクラブ","words":[{"text":"英会話クラブ","gloss":"English conversation club","reading":"えいかいわクラブ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.034.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.035","source":"物理","translation":"physics","reading":"ぶつり","words":[{"text":"物理","gloss":"physics","reading":"ぶつり"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.035.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.036","source":"裁縫","translation":"sewing","reading":"さいほう","words":[{"text":"裁縫","gloss":"sewing","reading":"さいほう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.036.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"取り上げる","gloss":"take up (v.t.)"},{"word":"解決する","gloss":"solve (v.t.)"},{"word":"目ざす","gloss":"aim at (v.t.)"},{"word":"一時限","gloss":"one period"},{"word":"ーーにあてる","gloss":"allocate; devote (v.t.)"},{"word":"英会話クラブ","gloss":"English conversation club"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"School discipline, welfare and sports · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Schoolwide duties","paragraphs":["These words cover schoolwide organization, discipline, welfare, cultural activities, and athletic competition.","*全校* means \"whole school,\" and *校内* means \"within a school\" or \"interclass.\" *運動 競技* means \"athletic sports.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.037","source":"全校","translation":"whole school","reading":"ぜんこう","words":[{"text":"全校","gloss":"whole school","reading":"ぜんこう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.037.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.038","source":"構成 する","translation":"compose; organize (v.t.)","reading":"こうせいする","words":[{"text":"構成する","gloss":"organize","reading":"こうせいする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.038.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.039","source":"校内","translation":"within a school; interclass","reading":"こうない","words":[{"text":"校内","gloss":"within the school","reading":"こうない"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.039.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.040","source":"秩序","translation":"order; discipline","reading":"ちつじょ","words":[{"text":"秩序","gloss":"order and discipline","reading":"ちつじょ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.040.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.041","source":"風紀","translation":"discipline; public morals","reading":"ふうき","words":[{"text":"風紀","gloss":"discipline and morals","reading":"ふうき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.041.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.042","source":"美化","translation":"beautification","reading":"びか","words":[{"text":"美化","gloss":"beautification","reading":"びか"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.042.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.043","source":"厚生","translation":"public welfare","reading":"こうせい","words":[{"text":"厚生","gloss":"public welfare","reading":"こうせい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.043.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.044","source":"各 部面 の","translation":"-- of various aspect","reading":"かくぶめんの","words":[{"text":"各部面の","gloss":"of various aspects","reading":"かくぶめんの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.044.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.045","source":"ーーを 通じて","translation":"through ---; via --","reading":"ーーをつうじて","words":[{"text":"ーーを通じて","gloss":"through","reading":"ーーをつうじて"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.045.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.046","source":"運動 競技","translation":"athletic sports","reading":"うんどうきょうぎ","words":[{"text":"運動競技","gloss":"athletic sports","reading":"うんどうきょうぎ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.046.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L144.w.047","source":"決定","translation":"decision; conclusion","reading":"けってい","words":[{"text":"決定","gloss":"decision","reading":"けってい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L144.w.047.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":2,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation and Exercise\n\n1 Topics:\n\na Talk about the following topics in Japanese with your classmates,\n\n(1) 6-3-3-4 school system.\n\n(2) Special curriculum--student association, homeroom activity, and club activity.\n\n2 Exercise:\n\na Interpretation Exercise:\n\n(1) What is meant by 6-3-3-4 school system?\n\n(1) それ は 小学校 が 六年、中学校 が 三年、高等学校 が 三年、大学 が 四年 と いう 意味 です。\n\n(2) Besides the regular curriculum, what kind of special curriculum is given these days?\n\n(2) 生徒会、ホームルーム、クラブ など の 活動 が 重要視 される 様 に なりました。\n\n(3) What sort of activity is a homeroom activity?\n\n(3) それ は 生徒 の 日常 の 問題 を 取り上げて 自由 な 話し合い に よって その 問題 を 解決 する のです。\n\n(4) What is a club activity?\n\n(4) 生徒 は 一週間 一定 の 時間 に 英会話 クラブ、物理 クラブ、裁縫 クラブ、テニス クラブ、野球 クラブ、写真 クラブ など と 自分 の 属 して いる クラブ へ 行って、少くとも 一時限 を それ に あてる のです。\n\n(5) What is the purpose of a club activity?\n\n(5) 生徒 個人 の 趣味 や 教養 の 向上 を 目ざして 行なわれる のです。"},{"section":3,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Study the Narration thoroughly and memorize the vocabulary.\n\n2 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given.\n\n3 Learn to read and write the new Kanji.\n\n4 Read the Cultural Notes."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"構成する","gloss":"compose; organize (v.t.)"},{"word":"秩序","gloss":"order; discipline"},{"word":"風紀","gloss":"discipline; public morals"},{"word":"美化","gloss":"beautification"},{"word":"各部面の","gloss":"-- of various aspect"},{"word":"ーーを通じて","gloss":"through ---; via --"},{"word":"運動競技","gloss":"athletic sports"}],"paradigms":[]}]}