{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L156","title":"Lesson 156","stage":"Narration and the written language","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 156: origins of the self-defense forces · narration, police reserve origins · questions 1 of 2, defense agency and modernization · questions 2 of 2, public order and police reserves · word list 1 of 4, security forces and their creation · word list 2 of 4, defense laws and modernization · word list 3 of 4, defense plans and equipment · word list 4 of 4.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/154","lines":57},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/153","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/155","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Origins of the Self-Defense Forces · Narration","teaching":[{"title":"The reserve begins","paragraphs":["*日本に 警察予備隊の 創設を 指令した* says General MacArthur ordered Japan to create the National Police Reserve.","It would supplement the police force and maintain public order after American forces in Japan went to Korea."]},{"title":"Three defense branches","paragraphs":["*保安隊と 警備隊は 新設の 航空を 加えて 陸、海、空の 三自衛隊へと 脱皮した* describes the reorganization in 1954.","The National Safety Force and Security Force became the Ground, Maritime, and Air Self-Defense Forces.","The passage then follows defense plans that strengthened the forces and modernized their equipment."]},{"title":"Kanji: 布","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 皮","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 導","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 改","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 整","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L156.rd.001","source":"一九五〇年 六月 朝鮮 動乱が おこり、在日米軍は 朝鮮に 出動した。","translation":"In June 1950, the Korean War broke out, and U.S. forces stationed in Japan were sent to Korea.","reading":"せんきゅうひゃくごじゅうねんろくがつちょうせんどうらんがおこり、ざいにちべいぐんはちょうせんにしゅつどうした。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"1950"},{"text":"九","gloss":"1950"},{"text":"五","gloss":"1950"},{"text":"〇","gloss":"1950"},{"text":"年","gloss":"1950"},{"text":"六","gloss":"June"},{"text":"月","gloss":"June"},{"text":"朝鮮","gloss":"Korean War"},{"text":"動乱","gloss":"Korean War"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"おこり、","gloss":"broke out"},{"text":"在日","gloss":"stationed in Japan"},{"text":"米軍","gloss":"U.S. forces"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"朝鮮","gloss":"Korea"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"出動","gloss":"were sent"},{"text":"し","gloss":"were sent"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"were sent"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L156.rd.002","source":"そこで 同年 七月八日、連合国 最高司令官 マッカーサー 元帥は 国内の 治安を 確保するため 警察力の 補充として 日本に 警察予備隊の 創設を 指令した。","translation":"Therefore, on July 8 of that year, General MacArthur, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, ordered the establishment of a National Police Reserve in Japan to supplement the police force and maintain public order in the country.","reading":"そこでどうねんしちがつようか、れんごうこくさいこうしれいかんマッカーサーげんすいはこくないのちあんをかくほするためけいさつりょくのほじゅうとしてにほんにけいさつよびたいのそうせつをしれいした。","words":[{"text":"そこ","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"で","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"同年","gloss":"that year"},{"text":"七","gloss":"July"},{"text":"月","gloss":"July"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eighth"},{"text":"日、","gloss":"eighth"},{"text":"連合","gloss":"Allied Powers"},{"text":"国","gloss":"Allied Powers"},{"text":"最高","gloss":"Supreme Commander"},{"text":"司令","gloss":"Supreme Commander"},{"text":"官","gloss":"Supreme Commander"},{"text":"マッカーサー","gloss":"MacArthur"},{"text":"元帥","gloss":"General","reading":"げんすい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"国内","gloss":"the country","reading":"こくない"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"治安","gloss":"public order","reading":"ちあん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"確保","gloss":"maintain","reading":"かくほ"},{"text":"する","gloss":"maintain"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"in order to"},{"text":"警察","gloss":"police force","reading":"けいさつ"},{"text":"力","gloss":"police force","reading":"りょく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"補充","gloss":"supplement","reading":"ほじゅう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"as"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"警察","gloss":"National Police Reserve","reading":"けいさつ"},{"text":"予備","gloss":"National Police Reserve","reading":"よび"},{"text":"隊","gloss":"National Police Reserve","reading":"たい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"創設","gloss":"establishment","reading":"そうせつ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"指令","gloss":"ordered","reading":"しれい"},{"text":"し","gloss":"ordered"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"ordered"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L156.rd.003","source":"同年 八月十日 警察予備隊設置令が 公布され、七万五千人の 警察予備隊が 誕生した。","translation":"On August 10 of that year, the National Police Reserve Ordinance was promulgated, and a National Police Reserve of 75,000 men was created.","reading":"どうねんはちがつとおかけいさつよびたいせっちれいがこうふされ、ななまんごせんにんのけいさつよびたいがたんじょうした。","words":[{"text":"同年","gloss":"that year"},{"text":"八","gloss":"August"},{"text":"月","gloss":"August"},{"text":"十","gloss":"tenth"},{"text":"日","gloss":"tenth"},{"text":"警察","gloss":"National Police Reserve Ordinance"},{"text":"予備","gloss":"National Police Reserve Ordinance"},{"text":"隊","gloss":"National Police Reserve Ordinance"},{"text":"設置","gloss":"National Police Reserve Ordinance"},{"text":"令","gloss":"National Police Reserve Ordinance"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"公布","gloss":"was promulgated","reading":"こうふ"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"was promulgated"},{"text":"れ、","gloss":"was promulgated"},{"text":"七","gloss":"75,000 men"},{"text":"万","gloss":"75,000 men"},{"text":"五千","gloss":"75,000 men"},{"text":"人","gloss":"75,000 men"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"警察","gloss":"National Police Reserve","reading":"けいさつ"},{"text":"予備","gloss":"National Police Reserve","reading":"よび"},{"text":"隊","gloss":"National Police Reserve","reading":"たい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"誕生","gloss":"was created","reading":"たんじょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"was created"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was created"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L156.rd.004","source":"一九五二年 八月一日、保安庁が 発足し、警察予備隊は 保安隊に 発展し、一九五二年 四月に 新設された 海上警備隊も 保安庁の もとに はいり、警備隊と 改められた。","translation":"On August 1, 1952, the National Safety Agency was established, the National Police Reserve developed into the National Safety Force, and the Coastal Security Force, newly established in April 1952, was also placed under the National Safety Agency and renamed the Security Force.","reading":"せんきゅうひゃくごじゅうにねんはちがつついたち、ほあんちょうがほっそくし、けいさつよびたいはほあんたいにはってんし、せんきゅうひゃくごじゅうにねんしがつにしんせつされたかいじょうけいびたいもほあんちょうのもとにはいり、けいびたいとあらためられた。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"1952"},{"text":"九","gloss":"1952"},{"text":"五","gloss":"1952"},{"text":"二","gloss":"1952"},{"text":"年","gloss":"1952"},{"text":"八","gloss":"August"},{"text":"月","gloss":"August"},{"text":"一日、","gloss":"first"},{"text":"保安","gloss":"National Safety Agency"},{"text":"庁","gloss":"National Safety Agency"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"発足","gloss":"was established"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"was established"},{"text":"警察","gloss":"National Police Reserve"},{"text":"予備","gloss":"National Police Reserve"},{"text":"隊","gloss":"National Police Reserve"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"保安","gloss":"National Safety Force"},{"text":"隊","gloss":"National Safety Force"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"発展","gloss":"developed"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"developed"},{"text":"一","gloss":"1952"},{"text":"九","gloss":"1952"},{"text":"五","gloss":"1952"},{"text":"二","gloss":"1952"},{"text":"年","gloss":"1952"},{"text":"四","gloss":"April"},{"text":"月","gloss":"April"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"新設","gloss":"newly established"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"newly established"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"newly established"},{"text":"た","gloss":"newly established"},{"text":"海上","gloss":"Coastal Security Force"},{"text":"警備","gloss":"Coastal Security Force"},{"text":"隊","gloss":"Coastal Security Force"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"保安","gloss":"National Safety Agency"},{"text":"庁","gloss":"National Safety Agency"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"もと","gloss":"under"},{"text":"に","gloss":"under"},{"text":"はいり、","gloss":"were placed"},{"text":"警備","gloss":"Security Force"},{"text":"隊","gloss":"Security Force"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"改め","gloss":"was renamed"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"was renamed"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was renamed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L156.rd.005","source":"一九五四年 六月二日、防衛力 増強のための 防衛二法（自衛隊法、防衛庁設置法）が 国会で 成立し、同法に よって 保安庁は 防衛庁に 発展し、また 保安隊と 警備隊は 新設の 航空を 加えて 陸、海、空の 三自衛隊へと 脱皮した。","translation":"On June 2, 1954, the two National Defense laws for strengthening the defense forces—the Self-Defense Forces Act and the Defense Agency Establishment Act—were passed by the Diet; under these laws, the National Safety Agency developed into the Defense Agency, and the National Safety Force and the Security Force, joined by a newly established air force, were transformed into the three Ground, Maritime, and Air Self-Defense Forces.","reading":"せんきゅうひゃくごじゅうよねんろくがつふつか、ぼうえいりょくぞうきょうのためのぼうえいにほう（じえいたいほう、ぼうえいちょうせっちほう）がこっかいでせいりつし、どうほうによってほあんちょうはぼうえいちょうにはってんし、またほあんたいとけいびたいはしんせつのこうくうをくわえてりく、かい、くうのさんじえいたいへとだっぴした。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"1954"},{"text":"九","gloss":"1954"},{"text":"五","gloss":"1954"},{"text":"四","gloss":"1954"},{"text":"年","gloss":"1954"},{"text":"六","gloss":"June"},{"text":"月","gloss":"June"},{"text":"二","gloss":"second"},{"text":"日、","gloss":"second"},{"text":"防衛","gloss":"defense forces"},{"text":"力","gloss":"defense forces"},{"text":"増強","gloss":"strengthening"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"purpose"},{"text":"の","gloss":"for"},{"text":"防衛","gloss":"two defense laws"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two defense laws"},{"text":"法","gloss":"two defense laws"},{"text":"（自衛","gloss":"Self-Defense Forces Act"},{"text":"隊","gloss":"Self-Defense Forces Act"},{"text":"法、","gloss":"Self-Defense Forces Act"},{"text":"防衛","gloss":"Defense Agency Establishment Act"},{"text":"庁","gloss":"Defense Agency Establishment Act"},{"text":"設置","gloss":"Defense Agency Establishment Act"},{"text":"法）","gloss":"Defense Agency Establishment Act"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"国会","gloss":"the Diet"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"成立","gloss":"were passed"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"were passed"},{"text":"同法","gloss":"these laws"},{"text":"に","gloss":"under"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"under"},{"text":"て","gloss":"under"},{"text":"保安","gloss":"National Safety Agency"},{"text":"庁","gloss":"National Safety Agency"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"防衛","gloss":"Defense Agency"},{"text":"庁","gloss":"Defense Agency"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"発展","gloss":"developed"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"developed"},{"text":"また","gloss":"and"},{"text":"保安","gloss":"National Safety Force"},{"text":"隊","gloss":"National Safety Force"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"警備","gloss":"Security Force"},{"text":"隊","gloss":"Security Force"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"新設","gloss":"newly established"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"航空","gloss":"air force"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"加え","gloss":"joined by"},{"text":"て","gloss":"joined by"},{"text":"陸、","gloss":"Ground"},{"text":"海、","gloss":"Maritime"},{"text":"空","gloss":"Air"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three"},{"text":"自衛","gloss":"Self-Defense Forces"},{"text":"隊","gloss":"Self-Defense Forces"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"into"},{"text":"と","gloss":"into"},{"text":"脱皮","gloss":"were transformed"},{"text":"し","gloss":"were transformed"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"were transformed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L156.rd.006","source":"日本政府は 自衛隊の 近代化と 増強を はかるため、一九五七年 六月、防衛力 整備に 関する 長期計画を たて、第一次防衛計画（三か年間）を 決定、六十一年 七月には 第二次防衛計画（一九六二年から 一九六六年までの 五か年間）を 決定した。","translation":"To modernize and strengthen the Self-Defense Forces, the Japanese government drew up a long-term plan for developing the defense forces in June 1957 and adopted the First Defense Plan, covering three years; in July 1961, it adopted the Second Defense Plan, covering the five years from 1962 through 1966.","reading":"にほんせいふはじえいたいのきんだいかとぞうきょうをはかるため、せんきゅうひゃくごじゅうななねんろくがつ、ぼうえいりょくせいびにかんするちょうきけいかくをたて、だいいちじぼうえいけいかく（さんかねんかん）をけってい、ろくじゅういちねんしちがつにはだいにじぼうえいけいかく（せんきゅうひゃくろくじゅうにねんからせんきゅうひゃくろくじゅうろくねんまでのごかねんかん）をけっていした。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"政府","gloss":"government","reading":"せいふ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"自衛","gloss":"Self-Defense Forces","reading":"じえい"},{"text":"隊","gloss":"Self-Defense Forces","reading":"たい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"近代","gloss":"modernization","reading":"きんだい"},{"text":"化","gloss":"modernization","reading":"か"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"増強","gloss":"strengthening","reading":"ぞうきょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はかる","gloss":"pursue"},{"text":"ため、","gloss":"in order to"},{"text":"一","gloss":"1957"},{"text":"九","gloss":"1957"},{"text":"五","gloss":"1957"},{"text":"七","gloss":"1957"},{"text":"年","gloss":"1957"},{"text":"六","gloss":"June"},{"text":"月、","gloss":"June"},{"text":"防衛","gloss":"defense forces"},{"text":"力","gloss":"defense forces"},{"text":"整備","gloss":"development"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"関する","gloss":"concerning"},{"text":"長期","gloss":"long-term plan"},{"text":"計画","gloss":"long-term plan"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たて、","gloss":"drew up"},{"text":"第","gloss":"First Defense Plan"},{"text":"一","gloss":"First Defense Plan"},{"text":"次","gloss":"First Defense Plan"},{"text":"防衛","gloss":"First Defense Plan"},{"text":"計画","gloss":"First Defense Plan"},{"text":"（三","gloss":"three years"},{"text":"か","gloss":"three years"},{"text":"年間）","gloss":"three years"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"決定、","gloss":"adopted"},{"text":"六十","gloss":"1961"},{"text":"一","gloss":"1961"},{"text":"年","gloss":"1961"},{"text":"七","gloss":"July"},{"text":"月","gloss":"July"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"as for"},{"text":"第","gloss":"Second Defense Plan"},{"text":"二","gloss":"Second Defense Plan"},{"text":"次","gloss":"Second Defense Plan"},{"text":"防衛","gloss":"Second Defense Plan"},{"text":"計画","gloss":"Second Defense Plan"},{"text":"（一","gloss":"1962"},{"text":"九","gloss":"1962"},{"text":"六","gloss":"1962"},{"text":"二","gloss":"1962"},{"text":"年","gloss":"1962"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"一","gloss":"1966"},{"text":"九","gloss":"1966"},{"text":"六","gloss":"1966"},{"text":"六","gloss":"1966"},{"text":"年","gloss":"1966"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"through"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"五","gloss":"five years"},{"text":"か","gloss":"five years"},{"text":"年間）","gloss":"five years"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"決定","gloss":"adopted"},{"text":"し","gloss":"adopted"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"adopted"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L156.rd.007","source":"第三次防衛計画では 古くなった 航空機、兵器などを 更新し、ミサイルを 導入して 装備の 近代化を はかる事に なった。","translation":"Under the Third Defense Plan, it was decided to replace aging aircraft, weapons, and other equipment and to introduce missiles in order to modernize the equipment.","reading":"だいさんじぼうえいけいかくではふるくなったこうくうき、へいきなどをこうしんし、ミサイルをどうにゅうしてそうびのきんだいかをはかることになった。","words":[{"text":"第","gloss":"Third Defense Plan"},{"text":"三","gloss":"Third Defense Plan"},{"text":"次","gloss":"Third Defense Plan"},{"text":"防衛","gloss":"Third Defense Plan"},{"text":"計画","gloss":"Third Defense Plan"},{"text":"で","gloss":"under"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"古く","gloss":"aging","reading":"ふるく"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"aging"},{"text":"た","gloss":"aging"},{"text":"航空","gloss":"aircraft","reading":"こうくう"},{"text":"機、","gloss":"aircraft","reading":"き"},{"text":"兵器","gloss":"weapons","reading":"へいき"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"更新","gloss":"replace","reading":"こうしん"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"replace"},{"text":"ミサイル","gloss":"missiles"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"導入","gloss":"introduce","reading":"どうにゅう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"introduce"},{"text":"て","gloss":"introduce"},{"text":"装備","gloss":"equipment","reading":"そうび"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"近代","gloss":"modernization","reading":"きんだい"},{"text":"化","gloss":"modernization","reading":"か"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はかる","gloss":"pursue"},{"text":"事","gloss":"the act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"was decided"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was decided"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.rd.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"1 A Brief History of the Self-Defense Force\n\nOn July 8, 1950 the Japanese Government received a letter from General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, addressed to Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida. The letter suggested that the Japanese Government take appropriate steps to establish a new national Police Reserve composed of 75,000 men and increase the strength of the Maritime Safety Board to 8,000 men.\n\nOn August 10 of the same year, the Police Reserve Force Order was promulgated and the Reserve Force activated. According to this Order, the Police Reserve Force was ’’to supplement the police power of the National Rural Police and the local autonomous police forces within the limits necessary to maintain peace and order of the country and to guarantee public welfare.” It was ”to act by the order of the Prime Minister in case of special need to maintain public peace.”\n\nThe Cabinet Order concerning enforcement of the National Police Reserve Order and the regulation concerning\n\nthe Organization of the National Police Reserve Headquarters were promulgated on August 24 and 26, respectively. Recruiting of enlisted men was followed by the commissioning of a limited number of officers from civilian life, most of whom had combat experience, and by the appointment of high-ranking officers including the commander of the entire force.\n\nWith these steps, the National Police Reserve, which is the forerunner of the present Self-Defense Forces, was started. Planning for organization, personnel and equipment, as well as the education and the training, was then undertaken.\n\nIn May, 1952, the National Police Reserve was increased in strength from 75,000 to 110,000 men and the Maritime Safety Force of 7,590 men was organized as an agency of the Maritime Safety Board in accordance with the law of April 26, 1952,\n\nWith the Japanese Peace Treaty taking effect on April 28, 1952, Japan gained an independent status. In consequent reforms, the National Police Reserve and the\n\nMaritime Safety Force were united on August 1, 1952 under the unified command of the newly established National Safety Agency--the forerunner of the Defense Agency. Under the National Safety Agency, the National Police Reserve became the \"National Safety Force,\" and the Maritime Safety Force was named the \"Coastal Safety Force.\" The two new forces were charged to \"to maintain peace and order in our country and to act whenever necessary for the protection of lives and property.\"\n\nSince then, in order to establish a defense structure in keeping with the nation’s independence, an effective force has been established with the responsibilities of defending Japan against direct aggression and of maintaining domestic order and guarding life and property. On July 1, 1954, laws for the establishment of a Defense Agency and a Self-Defense Force became effective. Under these measures, the National Safety Force was transformed into the \"Ground Self-Defense Force\" and the Coastal Safety Force into the \"Maritime Self-Defense Force.\" In addition, a new Air Self-Defense Force was established."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"九","gloss":"nine"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"六","gloss":"six"},{"word":"月","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"動乱","gloss":"disturbance; upheaval"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"米軍","gloss":"U. S. forces"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"同年","gloss":"the same year"},{"word":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"word":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"word":"国","gloss":"country, nation"},{"word":"元帥","gloss":"General of the Army; Fleet Admiral; Field Marshal"},{"word":"国内","gloss":"within a country, domestic"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"治安","gloss":"peace and order"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"補充","gloss":"replenishment"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"隊","gloss":"small unit"},{"word":"創設","gloss":"establishment; founding"},{"word":"指令","gloss":"directive"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"五千","gloss":"5,000"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"一日、","gloss":"first day of the month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"海上","gloss":"on the sea; over the sea"},{"word":"も","gloss":"as much as, as many as (See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"もと","gloss":"cause, origin"},{"word":"増強","gloss":"expansion; increase"},{"word":"国会","gloss":"Diet"},{"word":"同法","gloss":"the said law"},{"word":"また","gloss":"thigh"},{"word":"航空","gloss":"aviation; flight"},{"word":"陸、","gloss":"land"},{"word":"海、","gloss":"sea, ocean"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"政府","gloss":"government"},{"word":"はかる","gloss":"seek; devise (v.t.)"},{"word":"整備","gloss":"consolidation"},{"word":"たて、","gloss":"vertical"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"決定、","gloss":"decision; conclusion"},{"word":"六十","gloss":"60"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"兵器","gloss":"weapon"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"装備","gloss":"equipment"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Police reserve origins · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The reserve and its successor","paragraphs":["*日本に 警察予備隊の 創設を 指令したのは だれか* means \"Who ordered the establishment of the National Police Reserve in Japan?\" The answer names General MacArthur.","Other questions ask when the reserve began, why it was established, and what it became. It developed into the National Safety Force."]},{"title":"Kanji: 推","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L156.q.001","source":"自衛隊の推移","translation":"Changes in the Self-Defense Forces","reading":"じえいたいのすいい","words":[{"text":"自衛","gloss":"Self-Defense Forces","reading":"じえい"},{"text":"隊","gloss":"Self-Defense Forces","reading":"たい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"推移","gloss":"changes","reading":"すいい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.q.001.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L156.q.002","source":"朝鮮 動乱が おこったのは いつか。","translation":"When did the Korean War break out?","reading":"ちょうせんどうらんがおこったのはいつか。","words":[{"text":"朝鮮","gloss":"Korean War","reading":"ちょうせん"},{"text":"動乱","gloss":"Korean War","reading":"どうらん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"おこっ","gloss":"broke out"},{"text":"た","gloss":"broke out"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.q.002.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L156.q.003","source":"日本に 警察予備隊の 創設を 指令したのは だれか。","translation":"Who ordered the establishment of the National Police Reserve in Japan?","reading":"にほんにけいさつよびたいのそうせつをしれいしたのはだれか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"警察","gloss":"National Police Reserve","reading":"けいさつ"},{"text":"予備","gloss":"National Police Reserve","reading":"よび"},{"text":"隊","gloss":"National Police Reserve","reading":"たい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"創設","gloss":"establishment","reading":"そうせつ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"指令","gloss":"ordered","reading":"しれい"},{"text":"し","gloss":"ordered"},{"text":"た","gloss":"ordered"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.q.003.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L156.q.004","source":"何の ために 警察予備隊を 設置したのか。","translation":"For what purpose was the National Police Reserve established?","reading":"なんのためにけいさつよびたいをせっちしたのか。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"purpose"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"警察","gloss":"National Police Reserve","reading":"けいさつ"},{"text":"予備","gloss":"National Police Reserve","reading":"よび"},{"text":"隊","gloss":"National Police Reserve","reading":"たい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"設置","gloss":"was established","reading":"せっち"},{"text":"し","gloss":"was established"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was established"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.q.004.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L156.q.005","source":"警察予備隊が 設置されたのは いつだったか。","translation":"When was the National Police Reserve established?","reading":"けいさつよびたいがせっちされたのはいつだったか。","words":[{"text":"警察","gloss":"National Police Reserve","reading":"けいさつ"},{"text":"予備","gloss":"National Police Reserve","reading":"よび"},{"text":"隊","gloss":"National Police Reserve","reading":"たい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"設置","gloss":"was established","reading":"せっち"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"was established"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was established"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was established"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"だっ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.q.005.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L156.q.006","source":"保安庁が 発足したのは いつか。","translation":"When was the National Safety Agency established?","reading":"ほあんちょうがほっそくしたのはいつか。","words":[{"text":"保安","gloss":"National Safety Agency","reading":"ほあん"},{"text":"庁","gloss":"National Safety Agency","reading":"ちょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"発足","gloss":"was established","reading":"ほっそく"},{"text":"し","gloss":"was established"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was established"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.q.006.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L156.q.007","source":"警察予備隊は 何に 発展したか。","translation":"What did the National Police Reserve develop into?","reading":"けいさつよびたいはなににはってんしたか。","words":[{"text":"警察","gloss":"National Police Reserve","reading":"けいさつ"},{"text":"予備","gloss":"National Police Reserve","reading":"よび"},{"text":"隊","gloss":"National Police Reserve","reading":"たい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"発展","gloss":"developed","reading":"はってん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"developed"},{"text":"た","gloss":"developed"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.q.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"推移","gloss":"transition; change"},{"word":"いつ","gloss":"when?"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"だれ","gloss":"who?"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Defense Agency and modernization · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Reorganization and modernization","paragraphs":["*日本政府は 自衛隊の 近代化と 増強を はかるため どうしたか* means \"What did the Japanese government do to modernize and strengthen the Self-Defense Forces?\"","The answer states that the government made a long-range plan and adopted defense plans.","Other questions ask for dates and the effects of the defense law and later plans."]}],"lines":[{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L156.q.008","source":"海上 警備隊は 何人の隊員で 新設されたか。","translation":"How many members did the Coastal Security Force have when it was newly established?","reading":"かいじょうけいびたいはなんにんのたいいんでしんせつされたか。","words":[{"text":"海上","gloss":"Coastal Security Force","reading":"かいじょう"},{"text":"警備","gloss":"Coastal Security Force","reading":"けいび"},{"text":"隊","gloss":"Coastal Security Force","reading":"たい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"にん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"隊員","gloss":"members","reading":"たいいん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"新設","gloss":"was newly established","reading":"しんせつ"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"was newly established"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was newly established"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was newly established"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.q.008.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L156.q.009","source":"保安庁が 防衛庁に 発展したのは いつか。","translation":"When did the National Safety Agency develop into the Defense Agency?","reading":"ほあんちょうがぼうえいちょうにはってんしたのはいつか。","words":[{"text":"保安","gloss":"National Safety Agency","reading":"ほあん"},{"text":"庁","gloss":"National Safety Agency","reading":"ちょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"防衛","gloss":"Defense Agency","reading":"ぼうえい"},{"text":"庁","gloss":"Defense Agency","reading":"ちょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"発展","gloss":"developed","reading":"はってん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"developed"},{"text":"た","gloss":"developed"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.q.009.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L156.q.010","source":"一九五四年 に 防衛法が 成立して 保安隊と 警備隊は どうなったか。","translation":"What happened to the National Safety Force and the Security Force when the Defense Law was enacted in 1954?","reading":"せんきゅうひゃくごじゅうよねんにぼうえいほうがせいりつしてほあんたいとけいびたいはどうなったか。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"1954"},{"text":"九","gloss":"1954"},{"text":"五","gloss":"1954"},{"text":"四","gloss":"1954"},{"text":"年","gloss":"1954"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"防衛","gloss":"Defense Law"},{"text":"法","gloss":"Defense Law"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"成立","gloss":"was enacted"},{"text":"し","gloss":"was enacted"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was enacted"},{"text":"保安","gloss":"National Safety Force"},{"text":"隊","gloss":"National Safety Force"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"警備","gloss":"Security Force"},{"text":"隊","gloss":"Security Force"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"happened"},{"text":"た","gloss":"happened"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.q.010.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L156.q.011","source":"日本政府は 自衛隊の 近代化と 増強を はかるため どうしたか。","translation":"What did the Japanese government do to modernize and strengthen the Self-Defense Forces?","reading":"にほんせいふはじえいたいのきんだいかとぞうきょうをはかるためどうしたか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"政府","gloss":"government","reading":"せいふ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"自衛","gloss":"Self-Defense Forces","reading":"じえい"},{"text":"隊","gloss":"Self-Defense Forces","reading":"たい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"近代","gloss":"modernization","reading":"きんだい"},{"text":"化","gloss":"modernization","reading":"か"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"増強","gloss":"strengthening","reading":"ぞうきょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はかる","gloss":"pursue"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"in order to"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"し","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.q.011.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L156.q.012","source":"第二次防衛計画が 決定したのは いつか。","translation":"When was the Second Defense Plan adopted?","reading":"だいにじぼうえいけいかくがけっていしたのはいつか。","words":[{"text":"第","gloss":"Second Defense Plan"},{"text":"二","gloss":"Second Defense Plan"},{"text":"次","gloss":"Second Defense Plan"},{"text":"防衛","gloss":"Second Defense Plan"},{"text":"計画","gloss":"Second Defense Plan"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"決定","gloss":"was adopted","reading":"けってい"},{"text":"し","gloss":"was adopted"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was adopted"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.q.012.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L156.q.013","source":"第二次防衛計画で どうする事に なったか。","translation":"What was it decided to do under the Second Defense Plan?","reading":"だいにじぼうえいけいかくでどうすることになったか。","words":[{"text":"第","gloss":"Second Defense Plan"},{"text":"二","gloss":"Second Defense Plan"},{"text":"次","gloss":"Second Defense Plan"},{"text":"防衛","gloss":"Second Defense Plan"},{"text":"計画","gloss":"Second Defense Plan"},{"text":"で","gloss":"under"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"事","gloss":"the act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"was decided"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was decided"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.q.013.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"隊員","gloss":"member of the SelfDefense Force"},{"word":"決定","gloss":"decision; conclusion"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Public order and police reserves · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Public order and the reserve","paragraphs":["The entries cover public order and the creation of a police reserve. *治 安* means \"peace and order,\" and *警察力* means \"police force.\"","*創 設* means \"establishment\" or \"founding.\" These words name the reserve, its creation, and the police force it supplemented."]}],"lines":[{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.001","source":"推 移","translation":"transition; change","reading":"すいい","words":[{"text":"推移","gloss":"transition","reading":"すいい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.001.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.002","source":"動 乱","translation":"disturbance; upheaval","reading":"どうらん","words":[{"text":"動乱","gloss":"upheaval","reading":"どうらん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.002.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.003","source":"在日米軍","translation":"American forces in Japan","reading":"ざいにちべいぐん","words":[{"text":"在日米軍","gloss":"American forces in Japan","reading":"ざいにちべいぐん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.003.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.004","source":"出動する","translation":"march; be sent (v.i.)","reading":"しゅつどうする","words":[{"text":"出動する","gloss":"be sent","reading":"しゅつどうする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.004.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.005","source":"治 安","translation":"peace and order","reading":"ちあん","words":[{"text":"治安","gloss":"public order","reading":"ちあん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.005.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.006","source":"確 保する","translation":"secure; insure (v.t.)","reading":"かくほする","words":[{"text":"確保する","gloss":"secure","reading":"かくほする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.006.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.007","source":"警察力","translation":"police force","reading":"けいさつりょく","words":[{"text":"警察力","gloss":"police force","reading":"けいさつりょく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.007.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.008","source":"補 充","translation":"replenishment","reading":"ほじゅう","words":[{"text":"補充","gloss":"replenishment","reading":"ほじゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.008.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.009","source":"警察予備隊","translation":"Police Reserve Force (Japan)","reading":"けいさつよびたい","words":[{"text":"警察予備隊","gloss":"National Police Reserve","reading":"けいさつよびたい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.009.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.010","source":"創 設","translation":"establishment; founding","reading":"そうせつ","words":[{"text":"創設","gloss":"establishment","reading":"そうせつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"在日米軍","gloss":"American forces in Japan"},{"word":"出動する","gloss":"march; be sent (v.i.)"},{"word":"確保する","gloss":"secure; insure (v.t.)"},{"word":"警察力","gloss":"police force"},{"word":"警察予備隊","gloss":"Police Reserve Force (Japan)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Security forces and their creation · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"New organizations and names","paragraphs":["The entries cover the establishment and renaming of security organizations. *保 安 庁* means \"National Security Board,\" and *海上 警備隊* means \"Maritime Safety Force.\"","*改 める* means \"alter\" or \"change.\" *隊 員* names a \"member of the SelfDefense Force.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.011","source":"公 布する","translation":"promulgate; announce officially (v.t.)","reading":"こうふする","words":[{"text":"公布する","gloss":"announce officially","reading":"こうふする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.011.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.012","source":"設 置 法","translation":"order to establish","reading":"せっちほう","words":[{"text":"設置法","gloss":"establishment ordinance","reading":"せっちほう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.012.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.013","source":"誕 生 する","translation":"come into the world; establish (v.i.)","reading":"たんじょうする","words":[{"text":"誕生する","gloss":"be established","reading":"たんじょうする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.013.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.014","source":"保 安 庁","translation":"National Security Board","reading":"ほあんちょう","words":[{"text":"保安庁","gloss":"National Safety Agency","reading":"ほあんちょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.014.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.015","source":"発 足する","translation":"make a start; start(v.i","reading":"ほっそくする","words":[{"text":"発足する","gloss":"start","reading":"ほっそくする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.015.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.016","source":"隊 員","translation":"member of the SelfDefense Force","reading":"たいいん","words":[{"text":"隊員","gloss":"Self-Defense Force member","reading":"たいいん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.016.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.017","source":"新 設 される","translation":"be established newly (v.i.)","reading":"しんせつされる","words":[{"text":"新設される","gloss":"be newly established","reading":"しんせつされる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.017.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.018","source":"海上 警備隊","translation":"Maritime Safety Force","reading":"かいじょうけいびたい","words":[{"text":"海上警備隊","gloss":"Maritime Safety Force","reading":"かいじょうけいびたい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.018.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.019","source":"警 備 隊","translation":"squad of patrolmen; guards","reading":"けいびたい","words":[{"text":"警備隊","gloss":"security force","reading":"けいびたい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.019.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.020","source":"改 める","translation":"alter; change (v.t.)","reading":"あらためる","words":[{"text":"改める","gloss":"rename","reading":"あらためる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"公布する","gloss":"promulgate; announce officially (v.t.)"},{"word":"設置法","gloss":"order to establish"},{"word":"誕生する","gloss":"come into the world; establish (v.i.)"},{"word":"保安庁","gloss":"National Security Board"},{"word":"発足する","gloss":"make a start; start(v.i"},{"word":"新設される","gloss":"be established newly (v.i.)"},{"word":"海上警備隊","gloss":"Maritime Safety Force"},{"word":"警備隊","gloss":"squad of patrolmen; guards"},{"word":"改める","gloss":"alter; change (v.t.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Defense laws and modernization · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Defense laws and agencies","paragraphs":["The entries cover defense laws and reorganization. *防 衛 二 法* means \"two National Defense laws,\" and *防 衛 庁* means \"Defense Agency.\"","*近 代 化* means \"modernization.\" Other entries name increased defensive power and the addition of a new force."]}],"lines":[{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.021","source":"防 衛 力","translation":"defensive power","reading":"ぼうえいりょく","words":[{"text":"防衛力","gloss":"defense forces","reading":"ぼうえいりょく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.021.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.022","source":"増 強","translation":"expansion; increase","reading":"ぞうきょう","words":[{"text":"増強","gloss":"strengthening","reading":"ぞうきょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.022.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.023","source":"防 衛 二 法","translation":"two National Defense laws","reading":"ぼうえいにほう","words":[{"text":"防衛二法","gloss":"two National Defense laws","reading":"ぼうえいにほう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.023.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.024","source":"成 立 する","translation":"organize; form; come into existence (v.i.)","reading":"せいりつする","words":[{"text":"成立する","gloss":"come into existence","reading":"せいりつする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.024.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.025","source":"同 法","translation":"the said law","reading":"どうほう","words":[{"text":"同法","gloss":"the said law","reading":"どうほう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.025.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.026","source":"防 衛 庁","translation":"Defense Agency (Japan)","reading":"ぼうえいちょう","words":[{"text":"防衛庁","gloss":"Defense Agency","reading":"ぼうえいちょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.026.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.027","source":"加 える","translation":"add (v.t.)","reading":"くわえる","words":[{"text":"加える","gloss":"add","reading":"くわえる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.027.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.028","source":"脱 皮 する","translation":"emerge as ---- (v.i.)","reading":"だっぴする","words":[{"text":"脱皮する","gloss":"emerge as","reading":"だっぴする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.028.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.029","source":"政 府","translation":"government","reading":"せいふ","words":[{"text":"政府","gloss":"government","reading":"せいふ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.029.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.030","source":"近 代 化","translation":"modernization","reading":"きんだいか","words":[{"text":"近代化","gloss":"modernization","reading":"きんだいか"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.030.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"防衛力","gloss":"defensive power"},{"word":"防衛二法","gloss":"two National Defense laws"},{"word":"成立する","gloss":"materialize; be realized"},{"word":"防衛庁","gloss":"Defense Agency (Japan)"},{"word":"加える","gloss":"add (v.t.)"},{"word":"脱皮する","gloss":"emerge as ---- (v.i.)"},{"word":"近代化","gloss":"modernization"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Defense plans and equipment · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Plans and equipment","paragraphs":["The entries cover long-range defense planning and equipment changes. *長 期 計画* means \"long range plan,\" and *第一次防衛計画* means \"the first defense plan.\"","*更 新する* means \"renew\" or \"renovate.\" *導 入する* means \"introduce\" or \"import.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.031","source":"整 備","translation":"consolidation","reading":"せいび","words":[{"text":"整備","gloss":"consolidation","reading":"せいび"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.031.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.032","source":"長 期 計画","translation":"long range plan","reading":"ちょうきけいかく","words":[{"text":"長期計画","gloss":"long-range plan","reading":"ちょうきけいかく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.032.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.033","source":"第一次防衛計画","translation":"the first defense plan","reading":"だいいちじぼうえいけいかく","words":[{"text":"第一次防衛計画","gloss":"first defense plan","reading":"だいいちじぼうえいけいかく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.033.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.034","source":"航空機","translation":"aircraft","reading":"こうくうき","words":[{"text":"航空機","gloss":"aircraft","reading":"こうくうき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.034.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.035","source":"更 新する","translation":"renew; renovate (v.t.)","reading":"こうしんする","words":[{"text":"更新する","gloss":"renew","reading":"こうしんする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.035.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.036","source":"導 入する","translation":"introduce; import (v.t.)","reading":"どうにゅうする","words":[{"text":"導入する","gloss":"introduce","reading":"どうにゅうする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.036.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L156.w.037","source":"装 備","translation":"equipment","reading":"そうび","words":[{"text":"装備","gloss":"equipment","reading":"そうび"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L156.w.037.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":2,"text":"Materials for Conversation and Exercise\n\n1 Materials:\n\n警察予備隊の誕生――一九五〇年 八月\n\n国内の 治安確保\n\n警察予備隊設置――警察力の 補充\n\n――七万五千人\n\n保安庁の発足――一九五二年 八月\n\n警察予備隊――→保安隊\n\n海上 警備隊――→警備隊　｝保安庁\n\n防衛庁の発足――一九五四年 七月\n\n防衛法（防衛庁設置法、自衛隊法）成立\n\n保安庁――→防衛庁\n\n保安隊　｝――→陸、海、空 自衛隊\n\n警備隊\n\n2 Exercise:\n\na Interpretation Exercise.\n\n(1) Why did General MacArthur, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, direct the establishing of the Police Reserve in Japan?\n\n(1) 在日米軍が 朝鮮に 出動したため、国内の 治安を 確保するため 警察力の 補充として 警察予備隊を 創設したのである。\n\n(2) For what purpose was the First Defense Plan decided upon?\n\n(2) 自衛隊の 近代化と 増強を はかるために 決定したのである。\n\n(3) For what purpose did the two Defense Laws come into existence?\n\n(3) 防衛力 増強の ためである。\n\n4 According to the 2nd Defensive Plan, what is being planned?\n\n4 古くなった 航空機、兵器 などを 更新し、ミサイルを 導入して 装備の 近代化を はかる 事に なっている。"},{"section":3,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Study the Narration thoroughly and memorize the vocabulary.\n\n2 Read the Materials for Conversation and do the exercise given.\n\n3 Learn to read and write the new Kanji.\n\n4 Read the Notes."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"長期計画","gloss":"long range plan"},{"word":"第一次防衛計画","gloss":"the first defense plan"},{"word":"航空機","gloss":"aircraft"},{"word":"更新する","gloss":"renew; renovate (v.t.)"},{"word":"導入する","gloss":"introduce; import (v.t.)"}],"paradigms":[]}]}