{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L016","title":"Lesson 16","stage":"Sounds, kana, and the first conversations","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 16: comparing dictionaries and textbooks · dialogue 1 of 4, comparing dictionary size and weight · dialogue 2 of 4, comparing books by size and price · dialogue 3 of 4, comparing pencil lengths · dialogue 4 of 4, which of two is greater · pattern 1 1 of 2, comparing size, as large and not as large · pattern 2 1 of 2, asking about equal degree · pattern 2 2 of 2, comparisons with than · pattern 3 1 of 2, answering comparisons with than · pattern 3 2 of 2, dictionaries, places, comparison and choice words · word list 3 of 3.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/16","lines":88},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/15","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/17","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Comparing dictionaries and textbooks · Dialogue 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"A dictionary and a textbook","paragraphs":["One speaker asks what kinds of dictionaries are present. The other names a Japanese-to-English dictionary and an English-to-Japanese dictionary.","The question *字しょと きょうかしょでは、 どっちのほうが あついですか* means \"Of the dictionary and the textbook, which is thicker?\""]},{"title":"The thicker item","paragraphs":["In *字しょと きょうかしょでは*, the dictionary and textbook are the two items. *どっちのほうが* asks which of the two is thicker.","The answer is *字しょのほうが あついです*, \"The dictionary is thicker.\" Both lines use *あつい*."]},{"title":"Kanji: 字","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L016.dlg.001","source":"これは 何ですか。","translation":"What's this?","reading":"これはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L016.dlg.002","source":"それは 字しょです。","translation":"That's a dictionary.","reading":"それはじしょです。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"字","gloss":"dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"dictionary"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L016.dlg.003","source":"ここにどんな字しょが ありますか。","translation":"What kinds of dictionaries are there here?","reading":"ここにどんなじしょがありますか。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"字","gloss":"dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"dictionary"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L016.dlg.004","source":"そこに わえい字てんと えいわ字てんが あります。","translation":"There are a Japanese-to-English dictionary and an English-to-Japanese dictionary.","reading":"そこにわえいじてんとえいわじてんがあります。","words":[{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"わ","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary"},{"text":"え","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary"},{"text":"い","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary"},{"text":"字","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"てん","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"え","gloss":"English-Japanese dictionary"},{"text":"いわ","gloss":"English-Japanese dictionary"},{"text":"字","gloss":"English-Japanese dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"てん","gloss":"English-Japanese dictionary"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L016.dlg.005","source":"字しょと きょうかしょでは、 どっちのほうが あついですか。","translation":"Of the dictionary and the textbook, which is thicker?","reading":"じしょときょうかしょでは、どっちのほうがあついですか。","words":[{"text":"字","gloss":"dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"dictionary"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"きょうか","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"で","gloss":"between"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どっち","gloss":"which"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あつい","gloss":"thick"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L016.dlg.006","source":"字しょのほうが あついです。","translation":"The dictionary is thicker.","reading":"じしょのほうがあついです。","words":[{"text":"字","gloss":"dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"dictionary"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あつい","gloss":"thick"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"Comparison particle DEWA\n\nWhen one wants to compare two or more things in Japanese, he first mentions the list of things he is going to compare. This is normally done in the following pattern:\n\n(A) to (B) DEWA 'between (A) and (B)'\n\n(A) to (B) to (C) DEWA 'of (A), (B), and (C)'\n\nThe particle DEWA in the above pattern indicates the limits within which two or more things are compared. The particle WA may not follow DE at times."},{"section":2,"text":"DOTCHI or DOCHIRA\n\nIf there are only two items to be compared, the question is asked by using the word DOCHIRA or DOTCHI, 'which of the two,' followed always by the particle GA, e.g.,\n\n(A) TO (B) DEWA, DOTCHI NO HOO GA OOKII DESU KA?\n\n\"Between (A) and (B), which is larger?\"\n\nLike KOKO, SOKO, ASUKO, DOKO, and other pronouns, DOCHIRA or DOTCHI also completes a set of KO, SO, A, and DO pronouns as in the following table:\n\n| | \nKOCHIRA | KOTCHI | 'this thing or person'\nSOCHIRA | SOTCHI | 'that thing or person'\nACHIRA | ATCHI | 'that thing or person over there?'\nDOCHIRA | DOTCHI | 'which of two things or persons?'\n\nThe pattern used to compare three or more things will be discussed in Lesson 19."},{"section":3,"text":"Comparison of Adjectives\n\nIn English, adjectives have three different forms to express three degrees of comparison--positive, comparative, and superlative. The positive degree is the simple form of the adjective used when no comparison is made between persons or objects, e.g., good, large, expensive. The comparative degree is used in comparing one person or object with another one: that is, in comparing only two persons or objects, e.g., better, larger, more expensive. The superlative degree is used in comparing three or more persons or objects, e.g., best, largest, most expensive.\n\nIn Japanese, however, forms of adjectives do not change for different degrees of comparison. For example, the adjective OOKII just means 'something is big' and the adjective TAKAI means 'something is expensive.' To say\n\n'something is bigger' and 'something is more expensive,' the Japanese also use OOKII and TAKAI respectively, but they often add something somewhere in the sentence to bring out the fact that they are making a comparison. In asking a question about which of two things is more or less something, the interrogative pronoun DOCHIRA or DOTCHI is used to bring out the fact that only two things are compared."},{"section":4,"text":"HOO\n\nIf just one thing is mentioned and the other item of comparison implied, they usually add HOO after the word referring to the stated item of comparison, e.g.,\n\nJISHO NO HOO GA ATSUI DESU.\n\n\"The dictionary is thicker.\"\n\nThe word HOO is a noun and it literally means 'side' or 'direction.' Therefore, JISHO NO HOO, 'the side of the dictionary,' implies that JISHO 'dictionary' is compared with something else.\n\nCompare and note the difference between the two following sentences:\n\nWATAKUSHI WA OOKII NO O TABEMASHITA.\n\n\"I ate the big one.\"\n\nWATAKUSHI WA OOKII HOO O TABEMASHITA.\n\n\"I ate the bigger one.\""},{"section":5,"text":"Comparative particles GURAI AND HODO\n\nIn this lesson, the words GURAI and HODO are used as comparative particles, both meaning 'extent,' 'as much as.' GURAI is normally used in affirmative sentences, and HODO is used with negative sentences, e.g.,\n\nWATAKUSHI WA ANATA GURAI OOKII DESU.\n\n\"I am as big as you are.\"\n\nWATAKUSHI WA ANATA HODO OOKIKU WA ARIMASEN.\n\n\"I am not so big as you are.\""},{"section":6,"text":"Particle YORI\n\nYORI is a particle meaning 'than' and it is used to indicate that the word preceding it is the standard with which another item is compared. It may be followed by the particle MO or WA, e.g.,\n\nWATAKUSHI WA ANATA YORI WAKAI DESU.\n\n\"I am younger than you.\"\n\nWATAKUSHI WA ANATA YORI MO WAKAI DESU.\n\n\"I am younger than you.\"\n\nWATAKUSHI WA ANATA YORI WA WAKAI DESU.\n\n\"I am younger than you.\""},{"section":7,"text":"MOTTO 'more'\n\nOne way to say 'more' when one means 'more than something else,' 'more than now,' 'more than before,' or the like, is to use the adverb MOTTO.\n\nMOTTO is often used for emphasis 'much' even in sentences with such words as --HOO and --YORI which already indicate the fact that the speaker is making a comparison between two things or persons.\n\nKATAKANA WA HIRAGANA YORI MOTTO YASASHII DESU.\n\n\"KATAKANA are much easier than HIRAGANA.\"\n\nNIPPON NO HOO GA MOTTO CHIISAI DESU.\n\n\"Japan is much smaller.\"\n\nMOTTO OTABE NASAI.\n\n\"Eat more, please.\""}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"どっち","gloss":"which of two (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Comparing dictionary size and weight · Dialogue 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Size and weight","paragraphs":["Two speakers compare Japanese-to-English and English-to-Japanese dictionaries. *わえい字てんの ほうが ずっと 大きいです* means \"The Japanese-to-English dictionary is bigger by far.\"","They then ask *小さい 字しょと 大きい字しょでは、 どっちの ほうが かるいですか*, \"Of a small dictionary and a big dictionary, which one is lighter?\"","The answer is *小さい字しょの ほうが かるいです*, \"The smaller dictionary is lighter.\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 大, 小","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L016.dlg.007","source":"この わえい字てんと えいわ字てんを くらべて ごらんなさい。 どっちのほうが 大きいですか。","translation":"Compare these Japanese-to-English and English-to-Japanese dictionaries. Which is bigger?","reading":"このわえいじてんとえいわじてんをくらべてごらんなさい。どっちのほうがおおきいですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"わ","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary"},{"text":"え","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary"},{"text":"い","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary"},{"text":"字","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"てん","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"え","gloss":"English-Japanese dictionary"},{"text":"いわ","gloss":"English-Japanese dictionary"},{"text":"字","gloss":"English-Japanese dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"てん","gloss":"English-Japanese dictionary"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"くらべ","gloss":"compare"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ごらん","gloss":"try"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"please"},{"text":"どっち","gloss":"which"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L016.dlg.008","source":"わえい字てんの ほうが ずっと 大きいです。","translation":"The Japanese-to-English dictionary is bigger by far.","reading":"わえいじてんのほうがずっとおおきいです。","words":[{"text":"わ","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary"},{"text":"え","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary"},{"text":"い","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary"},{"text":"字","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"てん","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ずっと","gloss":"by far"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L016.dlg.009","source":"大きい字しょには ことばが たくさん あります。 そして おもいですね。","translation":"Big dictionaries have many words, and they are heavy, aren't they?","reading":"おおきいじしょにはことばがたくさんあります。そしておもいですね。","words":[{"text":"大きい","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"字","gloss":"dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"dictionary"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ことば","gloss":"words"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"たくさん","gloss":"many"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"そして","gloss":"and"},{"text":"おもい","gloss":"heavy"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L016.dlg.010","source":"はい、 そうです。","translation":"Yes, that's right.","reading":"はい、そうです。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L016.dlg.011","source":"では、 小さい 字しょと 大きい字しょでは、 どっちの ほうが かるいですか。","translation":"Then, of a small dictionary and a big dictionary, which one is lighter?","reading":"では、ちいさいじしょとおおきいじしょでは、どっちのほうがかるいですか。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"小さい","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさい"},{"text":"字","gloss":"dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"dictionary"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"字","gloss":"dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"dictionary"},{"text":"で","gloss":"between"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どっち","gloss":"which"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"かるい","gloss":"light"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L016.dlg.012","source":"小さい字しょの ほうが かるいです。","translation":"The smaller dictionary is lighter.","reading":"ちいさいじしょのほうがかるいです。","words":[{"text":"小さい","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさい"},{"text":"字","gloss":"dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"dictionary"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"かるい","gloss":"light"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"ずっと","gloss":"by far; very much"},{"word":"ことば","gloss":"word; language"},{"word":"たくさん","gloss":"many"},{"word":"おもい","gloss":"heavy"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"かるい","gloss":"light"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Comparing books by size and price · Dialogue 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"As large and not so large","paragraphs":["A speaker asks *この きょうかしょは その ざっしぐらい 大きいですか*, \"Is this textbook as large as that magazine?\"","The reply uses *ほど*: *その きょうかしょは この ざっしほど 大きくは ありません*, \"That textbook is not so large as this magazine.\""]},{"title":"Thinner than the textbook","paragraphs":["*この ざっしは きょうかしょより うすいです* means \"This magazine is thinner than that textbook.\"","In this line, *より* follows the textbook, the item used as the standard."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L016.dlg.013","source":"この きょうかしょは その ざっしぐらい 大きいですか。","translation":"Is this textbook as large as that magazine?","reading":"このきょうかしょはそのざっしぐらいおおきいですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"きょうか","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazine"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"as large as"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L016.dlg.014","source":"いいえ、 その きょうかしょは この ざっしほど 大きくは ありません。","translation":"No, that textbook is not so large as this magazine.","reading":"いいえ、そのきょうかしょはこのざっしほどおおきくはありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"きょうか","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazine"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as large as"},{"text":"大きく","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L016.dlg.015","source":"では、 その ざっしは この きょうかしょぐらい あついですか。","translation":"Then, is that magazine as thick as this textbook?","reading":"では、そのざっしはこのきょうかしょぐらいあついですか。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazine"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"きょうか","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"as thick as"},{"text":"あつい","gloss":"thick"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L016.dlg.016","source":"いいえ、 この ざっしは その きょうかしょほど あつくは ありません。 この ざっしは きょうかしょより うすいです。","translation":"No, this magazine is not so thick as that textbook. This magazine is thinner than that textbook.","reading":"いいえ、このざっしはそのきょうかしょほどあつくはありません。このざっしはきょうかしょよりうすいです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazine"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"きょうか","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as thick as"},{"text":"あつく","gloss":"thick"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazine"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きょうか","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"うすい","gloss":"thin"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L016.dlg.017","source":"どっちの ほうが たかいですか。","translation":"Which is more expensive?","reading":"どっちのほうがたかいですか。","words":[{"text":"どっち","gloss":"which"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"たかい","gloss":"expensive"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L016.dlg.018","source":"きょうかしょの ほうが たかいです。 ざっしは たいてい やすいです。","translation":"The textbook is more expensive. Magazines are usually cheap.","reading":"きょうかしょのほうがたかいです。ざっしはたいていやすいです。","words":[{"text":"きょうか","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"たかい","gloss":"expensive"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazines"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"たいてい","gloss":"usually"},{"text":"やすい","gloss":"cheap"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"ほど","gloss":"to the extent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"より","gloss":"than (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"たかい","gloss":"expensive"},{"word":"たいてい","gloss":"usually"},{"word":"やすい","gloss":"cheap"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Comparing pencil lengths · Dialogue 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Both pencils are long","paragraphs":["The speakers compare three pencils by length. The brown pencil is short, while the yellow and red pencils are long.","The reply *ええ、 どちらも 長いです* means \"Yes, they are both long.\" Here *どちらも* refers to the yellow and red pencils."]},{"title":"Kanji: 長, 短","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L016.dlg.019","source":"ここに えんぴつが あります。 きいろいのと あかいのと ちゃいろのが あります。 これは みんな 長いですか。","translation":"There are pencils here. There are a yellow one, a red one, and a brown one. Are these all long?","reading":"ここにえんぴつがあります。きいろいのとあかいのとちゃいろのがあります。これはみんなながいですか。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencils"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"きいろい","gloss":"yellow"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ちゃいろ","gloss":"brown"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"these"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"みんな","gloss":"all"},{"text":"長い","gloss":"long","reading":"ながい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L016.dlg.020","source":"いいえ、 みんなは 長くは ありません。 ちゃいろのは 短いです。","translation":"No, not all of them are long. The brown one is short.","reading":"いいえ、みんなはながくはありません。ちゃいろのはみじかいです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"みんな","gloss":"all"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"長く","gloss":"long","reading":"ながく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ちゃいろ","gloss":"brown"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"短い","gloss":"short","reading":"みじかい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L016.dlg.021","source":"では、 きいろいのと あかいのは 長いですね。","translation":"Then, the yellow one and the red one are long, aren't they?","reading":"では、きいろいのとあかいのはながいですね。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"きいろい","gloss":"yellow"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"長い","gloss":"long","reading":"ながい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.dlg.021.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L016.dlg.022","source":"ええ、 どちらも 長いです。","translation":"Yes, they are both long.","reading":"ええ、どちらもながいです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"どちら","gloss":"either one"},{"text":"も","gloss":"both"},{"text":"長い","gloss":"long","reading":"ながい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.dlg.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"きいろい","gloss":"yellow"},{"word":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"word":"ちゃいろ","gloss":"brown"},{"word":"みんな","gloss":"all"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"どちら","gloss":"which of two (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Which of two is greater · Pattern 1 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The two things compared","paragraphs":["*字しょと きょうかしょでは、 どっちのほうが あついですか* means \"Between the dictionary and the textbook, which is thicker?\"","In *字しょと きょうかしょでは*, *と* stands between the items. *では* ends the list and sets the limits of the comparison."]},{"title":"Which of the two","paragraphs":["*かなと かん字では、 どっちのほうが むずかしいですか* means \"Of KANA and KANJI, which is more difficult?\"","*どっち* and *どちら* mean \"which of two.\" In a comparison question, *が* follows *どっちのほう*."]}],"lines":[{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt1.01","source":"字しょと きょうかしょでは、 どっちのほうが あついですか。","translation":"Between the dictionary and the textbook, which is thicker?","reading":"じしょときょうかしょでは、どっちのほうがあついですか。","words":[{"text":"字","gloss":"dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"dictionary"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"きょうか","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"で","gloss":"between"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どっち","gloss":"which"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あつい","gloss":"thick"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt1.02","source":"字しょと きょうかしょでは、 字しょのほうが あついです。","translation":"Between the dictionary and the textbook, the dictionary is thicker.","reading":"じしょときょうかしょでは、じしょのほうがあついです。","words":[{"text":"字","gloss":"dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"dictionary"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"きょうか","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"で","gloss":"between"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"字","gloss":"dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"dictionary"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あつい","gloss":"thick"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt1.03","source":"かなと かん字では、 どっちのほうが むずかしいですか。","translation":"Of KANA and KANJI, which is more difficult?","reading":"かなとかんじでは、どっちのほうがむずかしいですか。","words":[{"text":"か","gloss":"kana"},{"text":"な","gloss":"kana"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"か","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"字","gloss":"kanji","reading":"じ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"between"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どっち","gloss":"which"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt1.04","source":"日本語と えい語では、 どっちのほうが やさしいですか。","translation":"Of Japanese and English, which is easier?","reading":"にほんごとえいごでは、どっちのほうがやさしいですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"えい語","gloss":"English"},{"text":"で","gloss":"between"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どっち","gloss":"which"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt1.05","source":"男と 女では、 たいてい どっちのほうが 大きいですか。","translation":"Of male and female, which is usually bigger?","reading":"おとことおんなでは、たいていどっちのほうがおおきいですか。","words":[{"text":"男","gloss":"men","reading":"おとこ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"女","gloss":"women","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"で","gloss":"between"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"たいてい","gloss":"usually"},{"text":"どっち","gloss":"which"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt1.06","source":"男と 女では、 たいてい 男のほうが 大きいです。","translation":"Of male and female, male is usually bigger.","reading":"おとことおんなでは、たいていおとこのほうがおおきいです。","words":[{"text":"男","gloss":"men","reading":"おとこ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"女","gloss":"women","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"で","gloss":"between"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"たいてい","gloss":"usually"},{"text":"男","gloss":"men","reading":"おとこ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt1.07","source":"この本と その本では、 この本のほうが たかいです。","translation":"Of this book and that book, this book is more expensive.","reading":"このほんとそのほんでは、このほんのほうがたかいです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"between"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"たかい","gloss":"expensive"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt1.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"word":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"word":"男","gloss":"male"},{"word":"女","gloss":"female"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Comparing size, difficulty and cost · Pattern 1 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The adjective stays the same","paragraphs":["*日本と アメリカでは、 どっちのほうが 大きいですか* asks \"Of Japan and America, which is bigger?\"","*大きい* means both \"big\" and \"bigger.\" The adjective keeps the same form when the two countries are compared."]},{"title":"The selected side","paragraphs":["The answer is *アメリカのほうが 大きいです*, \"America is bigger.\"","When one item is named and the other is implied, *ほう* follows the named item. Here *アメリカのほう* selects America as bigger."]}],"lines":[{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt1.08","source":"日本と アメリカでは、 どっちのほうが 大きいですか。","translation":"Of Japan and America, which is bigger?","reading":"にほんとアメリカでは、どっちのほうがおおきいですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"アメリカ","gloss":"America"},{"text":"で","gloss":"between"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どっち","gloss":"which"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt1.09","source":"アメリカのほうが 大きいです。","translation":"America is bigger.","reading":"アメリカのほうがおおきいです。","words":[{"text":"アメリカ","gloss":"America"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt1.10","source":"かなと かん字では、 どっちのほうが むずかしいですか。","translation":"Of KANA and KANJI, which is more difficult?","reading":"かなとかんじでは、どっちのほうがむずかしいですか。","words":[{"text":"か","gloss":"kana"},{"text":"な","gloss":"kana"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"か","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"字","gloss":"kanji","reading":"じ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"between"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どっち","gloss":"which"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt1.11","source":"かん字の ほうが むずかしいです。","translation":"KANJI is more difficult.","reading":"かんじのほうがむずかしいです。","words":[{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"the one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt1.12","source":"字しょと きょうかしょでは、 どっちの ほうが たかいですか。","translation":"Of the dictionary and the textbook, which is more expensive?","reading":"じしょときょうかしょでは、どっちのほうがたかいですか。","words":[{"text":"字","gloss":"dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"dictionary"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"きょうか","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"で","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どっち","gloss":"which"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"the one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"たかい","gloss":"expensive"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt1.13","source":"字しょの ほうが たかいです。","translation":"The dictionary is more expensive.","reading":"じしょのほうがたかいです。","words":[{"text":"字","gloss":"dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"dictionary"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"the one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"たかい","gloss":"expensive"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt1.13.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"アメリカ","gloss":"America; U.S.A."}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"As large and not as large · Pattern 2 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"As large and not so large","paragraphs":["*この字しょは その ざっしぐらい 大きいです* means \"This dictionary is as large as that magazine.\"","*この字しょは きょうかしょほど 大きくは ありません* means \"This dictionary is not so large as the textbook.\"","*ぐらい* and *ほど* both express extent. *ぐらい* normally accompanies an affirmative sentence, while *ほど* accompanies a negative sentence."]}],"lines":[{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt2.01","source":"この字しょは その ざっしぐらい 大きいです。","translation":"This dictionary is as large as that magazine.","reading":"このじしょはそのざっしぐらいおおきいです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"字","gloss":"dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"dictionary"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazine"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt2.02","source":"この字しょは きょうかしょほど 大きくは ありません。","translation":"This dictionary is not so large as the textbook.","reading":"このじしょはきょうかしょほどおおきくはありません。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"字","gloss":"dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"dictionary"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きょうか","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"大きく","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"contrast"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt2.03","source":"フランス語は ドイツ語ぐらい むずかしいです。","translation":"French is as difficult as German.","reading":"フランスごはドイツごぐらいむずかしいです。","words":[{"text":"フランス","gloss":"French"},{"text":"語","gloss":"French","reading":"ご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ドイツ","gloss":"German"},{"text":"語","gloss":"German","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt2.04","source":"かたかなは ひらがなぐらい やさしいです。","translation":"KATAKANA is as easy as HIRAGANA.","reading":"かたかなはひらがなぐらいやさしいです。","words":[{"text":"かたかな","gloss":"katakana"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ひらがな","gloss":"hiragana"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt2.05","source":"ひらがなは かん字ほど むずかしくはありません。","translation":"HIRAGANA is not so difficult as KANJI.","reading":"ひらがなはかんじほどむずかしくはありません。","words":[{"text":"ひらがな","gloss":"hiragana"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"むずかしく","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"は","gloss":"contrast"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt2.05.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt2.06","source":"女は 男ほど 大きくは ありません。","translation":"The female is not so big as the male.","reading":"おんなはおとこほどおおきくはありません。","words":[{"text":"女","gloss":"female","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"男","gloss":"male","reading":"おとこ"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"大きく","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"contrast"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt2.07","source":"えんぴつは まんねんひつほど たかくはありません。","translation":"Pencils are not so expensive as fountain pens.","reading":"えんぴつはまんねんひつほどたかくはありません。","words":[{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencils"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まんねん","gloss":"fountain pens"},{"text":"ひつ","gloss":"fountain pens"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"たかく","gloss":"expensive"},{"text":"は","gloss":"contrast"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt2.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"かたかな","gloss":"KATAKANA syllabary"},{"word":"ひらがな","gloss":"HIRAGANA syllabary"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking about equal degree · Pattern 2 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Equal degree asked and denied","paragraphs":["*ひらがなは かん字ぐらい むずかしいですか* means \"Are HIRAGANA as difficult as KANJI?\"","The answer is *いいえ、 ひらがなは かん字ほど むずかしくは ありません*, \"No, HIRAGANA are not so difficult as KANJI.\"","The question places *ぐらい* after *かん字*. The negative answer uses *ほど* after the same standard."]}],"lines":[{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt2.08","source":"ひらがなは かん字ぐらい むずかしいですか。","translation":"Are HIRAGANA as difficult as KANJI?","reading":"ひらがなはかんじぐらいむずかしいですか。","words":[{"text":"ひらがな","gloss":"hiragana"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt2.09","source":"いいえ、 ひらがなは かん字ほど むずかしくは ありません。","translation":"No, HIRAGANA are not so difficult as KANJI.","reading":"いいえ、ひらがなはかんじほどむずかしくはありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"ひらがな","gloss":"hiragana"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"むずかしく","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"は","gloss":"contrast"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt2.10","source":"日本は カナダぐらい 大きいですか。","translation":"Is Japan as big as Canada?","reading":"にほんはカナダぐらいおおきいですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"カナダ","gloss":"Canada"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt2.11","source":"いいえ、 日本は カナダほど 大きくは ありません。","translation":"No, Japan is not so big as Canada.","reading":"いいえ、にほんはカナダほどおおきくはありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"カナダ","gloss":"Canada"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"大きく","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"contrast"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt2.11.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt2.12","source":"えんぴつは まんねんひつぐらい たかいですか。","translation":"Are pencils as expensive as fountain pens?","reading":"えんぴつはまんねんひつぐらいたかいですか。","words":[{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencils"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まんねん","gloss":"fountain pens"},{"text":"ひつ","gloss":"fountain pens"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"たかい","gloss":"expensive"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt2.12.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt2.13","source":"いいえ、 えんぴつは まんねんひつ ほど たかくは ありません。","translation":"No, pencils are not so expensive as fountain pens.","reading":"いいえ、えんぴつはまんねんひつほどたかくはありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencils"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まんねん","gloss":"fountain pens"},{"text":"ひつ","gloss":"fountain pens"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"たかく","gloss":"expensive"},{"text":"は","gloss":"contrast"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt2.13.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"カナダ","gloss":"Canada"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Comparisons with than · Pattern 3 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The standard before than","paragraphs":["*ざっしは しんぶんより たかいです* means \"Magazines are more expensive than newspapers.\"","*より* means \"than.\" It follows *しんぶん*, the standard with which magazines are compared.","*アメリカは 日本より 大きいです* likewise means \"America is bigger than Japan.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt3.m1","source":"ざっしは しんぶんより たかいです。","translation":"Magazines are more expensive than newspapers.","reading":"ざっしはしんぶんよりたかいです。","words":[{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazines"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"しんぶん","gloss":"newspapers"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"たかい","gloss":"expensive"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt3.m1.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt3.01","source":"アメリカは 日本より 大きいです。","translation":"America is bigger than Japan.","reading":"アメリカはにほんよりおおきいです。","words":[{"text":"アメリカ","gloss":"America"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt3.01.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt3.02","source":"三は 五より 小さいです。","translation":"Three is smaller than five.","reading":"さんはごよりちいさいです。","words":[{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"五","gloss":"five","reading":"ご"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"小さい","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt3.02.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt3.03","source":"テキサスしゅうは カリフォルニアしゅうより 大きいです。","translation":"The state of Texas is larger than the state of California.","reading":"テキサスしゅうはカリフォルニアしゅうよりおおきいです。","words":[{"text":"テキサス","gloss":"Texas state"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"Texas state"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"カリフォルニア","gloss":"California state"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"California state"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt3.03.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt3.04","source":"タイ語は 日本語より やさしいです。","translation":"The Thai language is easier than Japanese.","reading":"タイごはにほんごよりやさしいです。","words":[{"text":"タイ","gloss":"Thai"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Thai","reading":"ご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt3.04.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt3.05","source":"あなたは 私より わかいです。","translation":"You are younger than I.","reading":"あなたはわたくしよりわかいです。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"わかい","gloss":"young"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt3.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"しゅう","gloss":"state"},{"word":"わかい","gloss":"young"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Answering comparisons with than · Pattern 3 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The standard stays in the answer","paragraphs":["*日本語は フランス語より やさしいですか* means \"Is Japanese easier than French?\"","The answer keeps *フランス語より*: *いいえ、 日本語は フランス語より むずかしいです*, \"No, Japanese is more difficult than French.\""]},{"title":"By far","paragraphs":["*ひらがなは かん字より ずっと やさしいです* means \"HIRAGANA are easier by far than KANJI.\"","*かん字より* keeps KANJI as the standard. *ずっと* means \"by far\" in this comparison."]}],"lines":[{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt3.06","source":"日本語は フランス語より やさしいですか。","translation":"Is Japanese easier than French?","reading":"にほんごはフランスごよりやさしいですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"フランス","gloss":"French"},{"text":"語","gloss":"French","reading":"ご"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt3.06.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt3.07","source":"いいえ、 日本語は フランス語より むずかしいです。","translation":"No, Japanese is more difficult than French.","reading":"いいえ、にほんごはフランスごよりむずかしいです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"フランス","gloss":"French"},{"text":"語","gloss":"French","reading":"ご"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt3.07.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt3.08","source":"ひらがなは かん字より やさしいですか。","translation":"Are HIRAGANA easier than KANJI?","reading":"ひらがなはかんじよりやさしいですか。","words":[{"text":"ひらがな","gloss":"hiragana"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt3.08.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt3.09","source":"はい、 ひらがなは かん字より ずっと やさしいです。","translation":"Yes, HIRAGANA are easier by far than KANJI.","reading":"はい、ひらがなはかんじよりずっとやさしいです。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ひらがな","gloss":"hiragana"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"ずっと","gloss":"by far"},{"text":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt3.09.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt3.10","source":"しんぶんは ざっしより たかいですか。","translation":"Are newspapers more expensive than magazines?","reading":"しんぶんはざっしよりたかいですか。","words":[{"text":"しんぶん","gloss":"newspapers"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazines"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"たかい","gloss":"expensive"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt3.10.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L016.pt3.11","source":"いいえ、 しんぶんは ざっしより やすいです。","translation":"No, newspapers are cheaper than magazines.","reading":"いいえ、しんぶんはざっしよりやすいです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"しんぶん","gloss":"newspapers"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazines"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"やすい","gloss":"cheap"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.pt3.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Dictionaries, countries and places · Word list 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Dictionaries and places","paragraphs":["This set names dictionaries, language, countries, and one city.","Both *字しょ* and *字びき* mean \"dictionary.\" *わえい字てん* means \"Japanese-to-English dictionary,\" while *えいわ字てん* reverses the languages.","The place names include *アメリカ*, \"America,\" and *モンテレー*, \"Monterey.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.001","source":"字しょ","translation":"dictionary","reading":"じしょ","words":[{"text":"字しょ","gloss":"dictionary","reading":"じしょ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.001.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.002","source":"字びき","translation":"dictionary","reading":"じびき","words":[{"text":"字びき","gloss":"dictionary","reading":"じびき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.002.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.003","source":"わえい字てん","translation":"Japanese-to-English dictionary","reading":"わえいじてん","words":[{"text":"わえい字てん","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary","reading":"わえいじてん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.003.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.004","source":"えいわ字てん","translation":"English-to-Japanese dictionary","reading":"えいわじてん","words":[{"text":"えいわ字てん","gloss":"English-Japanese dictionary","reading":"えいわじてん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.004.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.005","source":"ことば","translation":"word; language","reading":"ことば","words":[{"text":"ことば","gloss":"word or language"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.005.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.006","source":"アメリカ","translation":"America; U.S.A.","reading":"アメリカ","words":[{"text":"アメリカ","gloss":"America"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.006.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.007","source":"カナダ","translation":"Canada","reading":"カナダ","words":[{"text":"カナダ","gloss":"Canada"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.007.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.008","source":"メキシコ","translation":"Mexico","reading":"メキシコ","words":[{"text":"メキシコ","gloss":"Mexico"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.008.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.009","source":"イギリス","translation":"Great Britain","reading":"イギリス","words":[{"text":"イギリス","gloss":"Great Britain"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.009.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.010","source":"モンテレー","translation":"Monterey","reading":"モンテレー","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"字しょ","gloss":"dictionary"},{"word":"字びき","gloss":"dictionary"},{"word":"わえい字てん","gloss":"Japanese-to-English dictionary"},{"word":"えいわ字てん","gloss":"English-to-Japanese dictionary"},{"word":"メキシコ","gloss":"Mexico"},{"word":"イギリス","gloss":"Great Britain"},{"word":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Places, qualities and degree words · Word list 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Places, qualities, and more","paragraphs":["This set names places, contrasting qualities, and degrees. *たかい* means \"expensive,\" while *やすい* means \"cheap.\"","*もっと* means \"more\": more than another thing, more than now, or more than before.","With *ほう* or *より*, *もっと* adds emphasis and means \"much.\" In *MOTTO OTABE NASAI*, it means \"more.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.011","source":"サンフランシスコ","translation":"San Francisco","reading":"サンフランシスコ","words":[{"text":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.011.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.012","source":"サリナス","translation":"Salinas","reading":"サリナス","words":[{"text":"サリナス","gloss":"Salinas"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.012.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.013","source":"たかい","translation":"expensive","reading":"たかい","words":[{"text":"たかい","gloss":"expensive"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.013.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.014","source":"やすい","translation":"cheap","reading":"やすい","words":[{"text":"やすい","gloss":"cheap"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.014.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.015","source":"おもい","translation":"heavy","reading":"おもい","words":[{"text":"おもい","gloss":"heavy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.015.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.016","source":"かるい","translation":"light","reading":"かるい","words":[{"text":"かるい","gloss":"light"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.016.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.017","source":"たいてい","translation":"usually","reading":"たいてい","words":[{"text":"たいてい","gloss":"usually"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.017.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.018","source":"ずっと","translation":"by far; very much","reading":"ずっと","words":[{"text":"ずっと","gloss":"by far"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.018.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.019","source":"もっと","translation":"more (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"もっと","words":[{"text":"もっと","gloss":"more"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.019.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.020","source":"--では","translation":"of, between, among (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--では","words":[{"text":"--では","gloss":"among"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"word":"サリナス","gloss":"Salinas"},{"word":"もっと","gloss":"more (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"--では","gloss":"of, between, among (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Comparison and choice words · Word list 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Comparison and choice","paragraphs":["This set supplies the particles and expressions used to compare two things.","*ぐらい* means \"as much as,\" *ほど* means \"to the extent,\" and *より* means \"than.\"","*どっち* and *どちら* mean \"which of two.\" *どちらも* means \"both,\" and *くらべて ごらんなさい* means \"compare.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.021","source":"ぐらい","translation":"as much as (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"ぐらい","words":[{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"as much as"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.021.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.022","source":"ほど","translation":"to the extent (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"ほど","words":[{"text":"ほど","gloss":"to the extent"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.022.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.023","source":"より","translation":"than (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"より","words":[{"text":"より","gloss":"than"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.023.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.024","source":"---のほう","translation":"side (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"---のほう","words":[{"text":"---のほう","gloss":"side"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.024.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.025","source":"どちらも","translation":"both","reading":"どちらも","words":[{"text":"どちらも","gloss":"both"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.025.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.026","source":"くらべて ごらんなさい","translation":"compare (and see)","reading":"くらべてごらんなさい","words":[{"text":"くらべてごらんなさい","gloss":"compare and see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.026.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.027","source":"どっち","translation":"which of two (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"どっち","words":[{"text":"どっち","gloss":"which one"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.027.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L016.w.028","source":"どちら","translation":"which of two (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"どちら","words":[{"text":"どちら","gloss":"which one"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L016.w.028.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":8,"text":"Homework Assignment\n\n1 Listen to the tape and practice pronunciation.\n\n2 Memorize the Dialogue.\n\n3 Read the Grammar Notes.\n\n4 Practice reading and writing of KANJI."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"---のほう","gloss":"side (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"どちらも","gloss":"both"},{"word":"くらべてごらんなさい","gloss":"compare (and see)"}],"paradigms":[]}]}