{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L002","title":"Lesson 2","stage":"Sounds, kana, and the first conversations","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 2: teachers and students · dialogue 1 of 3, officers and enlisted ranks · dialogue 2 of 3, asking who owns things · dialogue 3 of 3, words for people · perception drill 1, singular and plural people · perception drill 2, identifying military personnel · perception drill 3, soldiers, weapons and military ranks · perception drill 5, hats, tables, identifying people and objects · perception drill 8, ranks and personal possession · perception drill 9, possession by different people · perception drill 10, asking whose things are · perception drill 11, confirming who owns things · perception drill 12, belonging to near and distant people · perception drill 13, pointing words before nouns · perception drill 14, correcting who owns things · perception drill 15, military people, pronouns and possessive words · word list 2 of 3, pointing and asking whose · word list 3 of 3.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/2","lines":195},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/1","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/3","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Teachers and students · Dialogue 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Teachers and students","paragraphs":["Two people greet each other and identify teachers and students. *Watakushi wa sensei desu ka* means \"Am I a teacher?\"","The reply *Hai, anata wa sensei desu* means \"Yes, you are a teacher.\""]},{"title":"One person and several people","paragraphs":["*watakushi* identifies the speaker as \"I\", while *anata* identifies the addressee as \"you\".","In *Anata-gata wa seito desu ka*, *anata-gata* addresses several people: \"Are you students?\""]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L002.dlg.001","source":"Konnichi wa.","translation":"Hello.","reading":"こんにちわ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L002.dlg.002","source":"Konnichi wa.","translation":"Hello.","reading":"こんにちわ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L002.dlg.003","source":"Watakushi wa sensei desu ka?","translation":"Am I a teacher?","reading":"わたくしわせんせいですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L002.dlg.004","source":"Hai, anata wa sensei desu.","translation":"Yes, you are a teacher.","reading":"はいあなたわせんせいです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L002.dlg.005","source":"Anata-gata wa seito desu ka?","translation":"Are you students?","reading":"あなたがたわせいとですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.dlg.005.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"Personal Pronouns\n\nThe singular personal pronouns for ordinary polite speech are as follows:\n\n1st person\n\nwatakushi 'I'\n\n2nd person\n\nanata 'you'\n\n3rd person\n\nkonokata 'this person (he or she)'\n\nsonokata 'that person (he or she)'\n\nanokata 'that person (he or she) over there'\n\nThe plural forms of these personal pronouns are formed by combining them with tachi or gata, that is:\n\nSingular | | Plural | \nwatakushi | I | watakushi-tachi | we\nanata | you | anata-gata | you\nkonokata | he or she | konokata-tachi | they\nsonokata | he or she | sonokata-tachi | they\nanokata | he or she | anokata-tachi | they"},{"section":2,"text":"Particle NO to denote possession\n\nThe particle NO is used to denote that the personal pronoun is in the possessive case. In the following examples, NO is followed by a noun.\n\nwatakushi no hon my book\n\nanata no hon your book\n\nkonokata no hon his book\n\nsonokata no enpitsu his pencil\n\nanokata no isu his chair\n\nwatakushi-tachi no sensei our teacher\n\nb NO is used to establish a genitive relationship between nouns. In the following examples, NO is preceded by a noun and is also followed by a noun.\n\nsensei no hon teacher's book\n\nseito no hon student's book\n\nTanaka-san no hon Mr. Tanaka's book\n\nIn the following examples, NO is followed by DESU or DEWA ARIMASEN.\n\n--- watakushi no desu. --- is mine.\n\n--- anata no desu. --- is yours.\n\n--- anokata no desu. --- is his."},{"section":3,"text":"Pre-substantives\n\nKONO, SONO, and ANO are called pre-substantives, and they are placed immediately before nouns to modify them. They function as a kind of adjectival modifier, that is:\n\nkono hon this book\n\nsono kabe that wall\n\nano booshi that hat over there\n\nAs in the case of the demonstrative pronouns KORE, SORE, and ARE:\n\nKONO is used to point to or single out something or someone close at hand to the speaker.\n\nSONO is used to point to or single out something or someone away from the speaker but close to the person spoken to.\n\nANO is used to point to or single out something or someone distant from the persons speaking and spoken to."}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Officers and enlisted ranks · Dialogue 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Officers and enlisted ranks","paragraphs":["Students identify themselves and two other people by military rank. *Hai, watakushi-tachi wa seito desu* identifies the speakers as students.","*Konokata wa shookoo desu ka* asks whether this person is an officer."]},{"title":"This person and that person","paragraphs":["*konokata* identifies this person. *sonokata* identifies that person.","*Iie, sonokata wa shookoo dewa arimasen* means \"No, that person is not an officer.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L002.dlg.006","source":"Hai, watakushi-tachi wa seito desu.","translation":"Yes, we are students.","reading":"はいわたくしたちわせいとです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.dlg.006.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L002.dlg.007","source":"Konokata wa shookoo desu ka?","translation":"IS this person an officer?","reading":"このかたわしょおこおですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L002.dlg.008","source":"Iie, sonokata wa shookoo dewa arimasen.","translation":"No, that person (he) is not an officer.","reading":"いいえそのかたわしょおこおでわありません","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L002.dlg.009","source":"Dewa, konokata wa nan desu ka?","translation":"What is this person, then?","reading":"でわこのかたわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L002.dlg.010","source":"Sonokata wa kashikan desu.","translation":"That person (he) is a NCO.","reading":"そのかたわかしかんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.dlg.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking who owns things · Dialogue 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A hat and a pencil","paragraphs":["Two people ask who owns a hat and a pencil. *Kore wa anata no booshi desu ka* means \"is this your hat?\"","*Kono enpitsu wa anata no desu ka* means \"is this pencil yours?\""]},{"title":"The owner and the object","paragraphs":["In *watakushi no booshi*, *no* connects the owner to the hat: \"my hat\".","*kono* stands before *enpitsu* in *Kono enpitsu*: \"this pencil\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L002.dlg.011","source":"Kore wa anata no booshi desu ka?","translation":"is this your hat?","reading":"これわあなたのぼおしですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L002.dlg.012","source":"Hai, sore wa watakushi no booshi desu.","translation":"Yes, that's my hat.","reading":"はいそれわわたくしのぼおしです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.dlg.012.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L002.dlg.013","source":"Kono enpitsu wa anata no desu ka?","translation":"is this pencil yours?","reading":"このえんぴつわあなたのですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L002.dlg.014","source":"Iie, sore wa watakushi no dewa arimasen. Sore wa anokata no desu.","translation":"No, that's not mine. That's that person's (his).","reading":"いいえそれわわたくしのでわありませんそれわあのかたのです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.dlg.014.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Words for people · Perception Drill 1","teaching":[{"title":"The speaker and the addressee","paragraphs":["*watakushi* means \"I\". It is the polite pronoun for the speaker.","*anata* means \"you\". It is the polite pronoun for the addressee."]},{"title":"People at different locations","paragraphs":["*Kono-kata wa gunjin desu* identifies \"This person\". *sono-kata* identifies \"that person\", and *ano-kata* identifies \"that person over there\".","Each of these polite pronouns can mean \"he\" or \"she\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.001","source":"watakushi","translation":"I","reading":"わたくし","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.001.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.002","source":"Watakushi wa gunjin (soldier) desu.","translation":"I am a soldier.","reading":"わたくしわぐんじんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.002.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.003","source":"anata","translation":"you","reading":"あなた","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.003.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.004","source":"Anata wa kashikan (NCO) desu ka?","translation":"Are you an NCO?","reading":"あなたわかしかんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.004.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.005","source":"Hai, watakushi wa kashikan desu.","translation":"Yes, I am an NCO.","reading":"はいわたくしわかしかんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.005.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.006","source":"kono-kata","translation":"this person","reading":"このかた","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.006.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.007","source":"Kono-kata wa gunjin desu.","translation":"This person is a soldier.","reading":"このかたわぐんじんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.007.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.008","source":"sono-kata","translation":"he, she (that person)","reading":"そのかた","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.008.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.009","source":"Sono-kata wa gunjin desu.","translation":"That person is a soldier.","reading":"そのかたわぐんじんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.009.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.010","source":"ano-kata","translation":"he, she (that person over there)","reading":"あのかた","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Singular and plural people · Perception Drill 2","teaching":[{"title":"One speaker or several","paragraphs":["*Watakushi-tachi wa gunjin desu* means \"We are soldiers.\" *watakushi-tachi* is the plural form of *watakushi*.","*Anata-gata wa gunjin desu* means \"You are soldiers.\" *anata-gata* is the plural form of *anata*."]}],"lines":[{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.011","source":"Ano-kata wa gunjin desu.","translation":"That person over there is a soldier.","reading":"あのかたわぐんじんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.011.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.012","source":"watakushi-tachi","translation":"we","reading":"わたくしたち","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.012.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.013","source":"Watakushi-tachi wa gunjin desu.","translation":"We are soldiers.","reading":"わたくしたちわぐんじんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.013.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.014","source":"anata-gata","translation":"you (plural)","reading":"あなたがた","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.014.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.015","source":"Anata-gata wa gunjin desu.","translation":"You are soldiers.","reading":"あなたがたわぐんじんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.015.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.016","source":"Watakushi wa gunjin desu ka?","translation":"Am I a soldier?","reading":"わたくしわぐんじんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.016.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.017","source":"Hai, anata wa gunjin desu.","translation":"Yes, you are a soldier.","reading":"はいあなたわぐんじんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.017.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.018","source":"Watakushi wa kashikan desu ka?","translation":"Am I an NCO?","reading":"わたくしわかしかんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.018.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.019","source":"Iie, anata wa kashikan dewa arimasen.","translation":"No, you are not an NCO.","reading":"いいえあなたわかしかんでわありません","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.019.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.020","source":"Anata wa kashikan desu ka?","translation":"Are you an NCO?","reading":"あなたわかしかんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Identifying military personnel · Perception Drill 3","teaching":[{"title":"People at three locations","paragraphs":["*Kono-kata wa gunjin desu ka* asks \"Is this person a soldier?\" The polite pronoun identifies someone near the speaker.","*Sono-kata wa heisotsu desu ka* asks about that person. *Ano-kata wa gunjin desu ka* asks about that person over there."]}],"lines":[{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.021","source":"Hai, watakushi wa kashikan desu.","translation":"Yes, I am an NCO.","reading":"はいわたくしわかしかんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.021.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.022","source":"Anata wa heisotsu desu ka?","translation":"Are you an enlisted man?","reading":"あなたわへいそつですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.022.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.023","source":"Iie, watakushi wa heisotsu dewa arimasen.","translation":"No, I am not an enlisted man.","reading":"いいえわたくしわへいそつでわありません","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.023.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.024","source":"Kono-kata wa gunjin desu ka?","translation":"Is this person a soldier?","reading":"このかたわぐんじんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.024.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.025","source":"Hai, sono-kata wa gunjin desu.","translation":"Yes, that person is a soldier.","reading":"はいそのかたわぐんじんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.025.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.026","source":"Sono-kata wa heisotsu desu ka?","translation":"Is that person an enlisted man?","reading":"そのかたわへいそつですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.026.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.027","source":"Hai, kono-kata wa heisotsu desu.","translation":"Yes, this person is an enlisted man.","reading":"はいこのかたわへいそつです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.027.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.028","source":"Ano-kata wa gunjin desu ka?","translation":"Is that person over there a soldier?","reading":"あのかたわぐんじんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.028.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.029","source":"Hai, ano-kata wa gunjin desu.","translation":"Yes, that person over there is a soldier.","reading":"はいあのかたわぐんじんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.029.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.030","source":"Ano-kata wa heisotsu desu ka?","translation":"Is that person over there an enlisted man?","reading":"あのかたわへいそつですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.030.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Soldiers, teachers and students · Perception Drill 4","teaching":[{"title":"Groups of soldiers","paragraphs":["*Anata-gata wa gunjin desu ka* means \"Are you soldiers?\" The question addresses several people.","*Hai, watakushi-tachi wa gunjin desu* confirms that the speakers are soldiers."]}],"lines":[{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.031","source":"Iie, ano-kata wa heisotsu dewa arimasen","translation":"No, that person over there is not an enlisted man.","reading":"いいえあのかたわへいそつでわありません","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.031.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.032","source":"Anata-gata wa gunjin desu ka?","translation":"Are you soldiers?","reading":"あなたがたわぐんじんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.032.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.033","source":"Hai, watakushi-tachi wa gunjin desu.","translation":"Yes, we are soldiers.","reading":"はいわたくしたちわぐんじんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.033.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.034","source":"Watakushi-tachi wa gunjin desu ka?","translation":"Are we soldiers?","reading":"わたくしたちわぐんじんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.034.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.035","source":"Hai, anata-gata wa gunjin desu.","translation":"Yes, you are soldiers.","reading":"はいあなたがたわぐんじんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.035.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.036","source":"sensei","translation":"teacher","reading":"せんせい","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.036.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.037","source":"sensei desu ka?","translation":"Is it a teacher?","reading":"せんせいですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.037.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.038","source":"hai, sensei desu.","translation":"Yes, it is a teacher.","reading":"はいせんせいです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.038.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.039","source":"seito","translation":"student","reading":"せいと","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.039.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.040","source":"seito desu ka?","translation":"Is it a student?","reading":"せいとですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.040.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Weapons and military ranks · Perception Drill 5","teaching":[{"title":"Weapons and ranks","paragraphs":["*heiki* means \"military weapon\". The two people are *heisotsu*, \"private\", and *shookoo*, \"officer\".","*shookoo desu ka* asks \"Is he an officer?\" The answer *hai, shookoo desu* confirms that rank."]}],"lines":[{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.041","source":"hai, seito desu.","translation":"Yes, it is a student.","reading":"はいせいとです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.041.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.042","source":"heiki","translation":"military weapon","reading":"へいき","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.042.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.043","source":"heiki desu ka?","translation":"Is it a weapon?","reading":"へいきですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.043.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.044","source":"hai, heiki desu.","translation":"Yes, it is a weapon.","reading":"はいへいきです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.044.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.045","source":"heisotsu","translation":"private","reading":"へいそつ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.045.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.046","source":"heisotsu desu ka?","translation":"Is he an enlisted man?","reading":"へいそつですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.046.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.047","source":"hai, heisotsu desu.","translation":"Yes, he is an enlisted man.","reading":"はいへいそつです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.047.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.048","source":"shookoo","translation":"officer","reading":"しょおこお","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.048.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.049","source":"shookoo desu ka?","translation":"Is he an officer?","reading":"しょおこおですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.049.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.050","source":"hai, shookoo desu.","translation":"Yes, he is an officer.","reading":"はいしょおこおです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.050.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Hats, ceilings, rifles and lights · Perception Drill 6","teaching":[{"title":"Hats, ceilings, rifles, and lights","paragraphs":["*booshi* means \"hat\", and *tenjoo* means \"ceiling\".","*shoojuu desu ka* asks \"Is it a rifle?\" *dentoo* means \"electric light\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.051","source":"booshi","translation":"hat","reading":"ぼおし","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.051.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.052","source":"booshi desu ka?","translation":"Is it a hat?","reading":"ぼおしですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.052.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.053","source":"hai, booshi desu.","translation":"Yes, it is a hat.","reading":"はいぼおしです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.053.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.054","source":"tenjoo","translation":"ceiling","reading":"てんじょお","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.054.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.055","source":"tenjoo desu ka?","translation":"Is it a ceiling?","reading":"てんじょおですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.055.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.056","source":"hai, tenjoo desu.","translation":"Yes, it is a ceiling.","reading":"はいてんじょおです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.056.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.057","source":"shoojuu","translation":"rifle","reading":"しょおじゅう","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.057.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.058","source":"shoojuu desu ka?","translation":"Is it a rifle?","reading":"しょおじゅうですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.058.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.059","source":"hai, shoojuu desu.","translation":"Yes, it is a rifle.","reading":"はいしょおじゅうです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.059.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.060","source":"dentoo","translation":"electric light","reading":"でんとお","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.060.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Tables, rifles and weapons · Perception Drill 7","teaching":[{"title":"This object and that object","paragraphs":["*Kore wa shoojuu desu ka* means \"Is this a rifle?\" The reply *Hai, sore wa shoojuu desu* means \"Yes, that is a rifle.\"","*Shoojuu wa heiki desu ka* asks whether a rifle is a weapon. *Hai, shoojuu wa heiki desu* confirms that classification."]}],"lines":[{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.061","source":"dentoo desu ka?","translation":"Is it an electric light?","reading":"でんとおですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.061.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.062","source":"hai, dentoo desu.","translation":"Yes, it is an electric light.","reading":"はいでんとおです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.062.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.063","source":"teeburu","translation":"table","reading":"てえぶる","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.063.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.064","source":"teeburu desu ka?","translation":"Is it a table?","reading":"てえぶるですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.064.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.065","source":"hai, teeburu desu.","translation":"Yes, it is a table.","reading":"はいてえぶるです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.065.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.066","source":"Kore wa shoojuu desu ka?","translation":"Is this a rifle?","reading":"これわしょおじゅうですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.066.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.067","source":"Hai, sore wa shoojuu desu.","translation":"Yes, that is a rifle.","reading":"はいそれわしょおじゅうです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.067.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.068","source":"Shoojuu wa heiki desu ka?","translation":"Is a rifle a weapon?","reading":"しょおじゅうわへいきですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.068.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.069","source":"Hai, shoojuu wa heiki desu.","translation":"Yes, a rifle is a weapon.","reading":"はいしょおじゅうわへいきです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.069.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.070","source":"Kore wa teeburu desu ka?","translation":"Is this a table?","reading":"これわてえぶるですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.070.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Identifying people and objects · Perception Drill 8","teaching":[{"title":"Objects and people","paragraphs":["*Watakushi wa sensei desu ka* means \"Am I a teacher?\" The question identifies the speaker.","The reply uses *anata*: *Hai, anata wa sensei desu*, \"Yes, you are a teacher.\" *Anata wa seito desu ka* asks about the student."]}],"lines":[{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.071","source":"Hai, sore wa teeburu desu.","translation":"Yes, that is a table.","reading":"はいそれわてえぶるです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.071.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.072","source":"Kore wa dentoo desu ka?","translation":"Is this an electric light?","reading":"これわでんとおですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.072.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.073","source":"Hai, sore wa dentoo desu.","translation":"Yes, that is an electric light.","reading":"はいそれわでんとおです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.073.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.074","source":"Are wa tenjoo desu ka?","translation":"Is that over there a ceiling?","reading":"あれわてんじょおですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.074.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.075","source":"Hai, are wa tenjoo desu.","translation":"Yes, that over there is a ceiling.","reading":"はいあれわてんじょおです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.075.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.076","source":"Sore wa booshi desu ka?","translation":"Is that a hat?","reading":"それわぼおしですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.076.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.077","source":"Hai, kore wa booshi desu.","translation":"Yes, this is a hat.","reading":"はいこれわぼおしです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.077.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.078","source":"Watakushi wa sensei desu ka?","translation":"Am I a teacher?","reading":"わたくしわせんせいですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.078.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.079","source":"Hai, anata wa sensei desu.","translation":"Yes, you are a teacher.","reading":"はいあなたわせんせいです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.079.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.080","source":"Anata wa seito desu ka?","translation":"Are you a student?","reading":"あなたわせいとですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.080.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Ranks and personal possession · Perception Drill 9","teaching":[{"title":"The owner comes before the object","paragraphs":["*Watakushi no hon desu* means \"It is my book.\" The particle *no* joins the owner *Watakushi* to the owned object *hon*.","The owner comes before *no*, and the owned object comes after it."]},{"title":"The object can be omitted","paragraphs":["*Watakushi no desu* means \"It is mine.\" Before *desu*, *no* can express possession without naming the object again."]}],"lines":[{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.081","source":"Hai, watakushi wa seito desu.","translation":"Yes, I am a student.","reading":"はいわたくしわせいとです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.081.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.082","source":"Anokata wa shookoo desu ka?","translation":"Is that person over there an officer?","reading":"あのかたわしょおこおですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.082.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.083","source":"Hai, anokata wa shookoo desu.","translation":"Yes, that person over there is an officer.","reading":"はいあのかたわしょおこおです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.083.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.084","source":"Konokata wa heisotsu desu ka?","translation":"Is this person a private?","reading":"このかたわへいそつですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.084.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.085","source":"Hai, sonokata wa heisotsu desu.","translation":"Yes, that person is a private.","reading":"はいそのかたわへいそつです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.085.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.086","source":"Sonokata wa kashikan desu ka?","translation":"Is that person a noncommissioned officer?","reading":"そのかたわかしかんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.086.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.087","source":"Hai, konokata wa kashikan desu.","translation":"Yes, this person is a noncommissioned officer.","reading":"はいこのかたわかしかんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.087.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.088","source":"Watakushi","translation":"I","reading":"わたくし","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.088.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.089","source":"Watakushi no hon desu.","translation":"It is my book.","reading":"わたくしのほんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.089.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.090","source":"Watakushi no desu.","translation":"It is mine.","reading":"わたくしのです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.090.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Possession by different people · Perception Drill 10","teaching":[{"title":"Different owners","paragraphs":["*Anata no hon desu* means \"It is your book.\" Possessive *no* follows *Anata*.","*Sonokata no enpitsu desu* means \"It is that person's pencil.\" *Sonokata no desu* omits the pencil and means \"It is that person's.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.091","source":"Anata","translation":"you","reading":"あなた","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.091.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.092","source":"Anata no hon desu.","translation":"It is your book.","reading":"あなたのほんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.092.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.093","source":"Anata no desu.","translation":"It is yours.","reading":"あなたのです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.093.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.094","source":"Konokata","translation":"he, she (this person)","reading":"このかた","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.094.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.095","source":"Konokata no hon desu.","translation":"It is this person's book.","reading":"このかたのほんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.095.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.096","source":"Konokata no desu.","translation":"It is this person’s.","reading":"このかたのです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.096.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.097","source":"Sonokata","translation":"That person.","reading":"そのかた","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.097.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.098","source":"Sonokata no enpitsu desu.","translation":"It is that person's pencil.","reading":"そのかたのえんぴつです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.098.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.099","source":"Sonokata no desu.","translation":"It is that person’s.","reading":"そのかたのです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.099.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.100","source":"Anokata","translation":"That person over there.","reading":"あのかた","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.100.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking whose things are · Perception Drill 11","teaching":[{"title":"Asking for the owner","paragraphs":["*Donata no hon desu ka* means \"Whose book is it?\" Possessive *no* follows *Donata* to ask for an owner.","*Sensei no hon desu* means \"It is the teacher's book.\" The owner can be a role or a name."]}],"lines":[{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.101","source":"Anokata no isu desu.","translation":"It is the chair belonging to that person over there.","reading":"あのかたのいすです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.101.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.102","source":"Anokata no desu.","translation":"It belongs to that person over there.","reading":"あのかたのです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.102.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.103","source":"Donata","translation":"who?","reading":"どなた","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.103.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.104","source":"Donata no hon desu ka?","translation":"Whose book is it?","reading":"どなたのほんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.104.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.105","source":"Donata no desu ka?","translation":"Whose is it?","reading":"どなたのですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.105.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.106","source":"Sensei","translation":"teacher","reading":"せんせい","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.106.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.107","source":"Sensei no hon desu.","translation":"It is the teacher's book.","reading":"せんせいのほんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.107.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.108","source":"Sensei no desu.","translation":"It is the teacher's.","reading":"せんせいのです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.108.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.109","source":"Tanaka-san","translation":"Mr. Tanaka.","reading":"たなかさん","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.109.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.110","source":"Tanaka-san no enpitsu desu.","translation":"It is Mr. Tanaka's pencil.","reading":"たなかさんのえんぴつです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.110.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Confirming who owns things · Perception Drill 12","teaching":[{"title":"Confirming an owner","paragraphs":["*Kore wa anata no hon desu ka* means \"Is this your book?\" The answer names the speaker as owner.","*Hai, sore wa watakushi no hon desu* means \"Yes, that is my book.\""]},{"title":"Denying an owner","paragraphs":["*Are wa anata no desu ka* asks whether that object over there is yours.","*Iie, are wa watakushi no dewa arimasen* means \"No, that over there is not mine.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.111","source":"Tanaka-san no desu.","translation":"It is Mr. Tanaka's.","reading":"たなかさんのです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.111.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.112","source":"Kore wa anata no hon desu ka?","translation":"Is this your book?","reading":"これわあなたのほんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.112.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.113","source":"Hai, sore wa watakushi no hon desu.","translation":"Yes, that is my book.","reading":"はいそれわわたくしのほんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.113.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.114","source":"Sore wa anata no desu ka?","translation":"Is that yours?","reading":"それわあなたのですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.114.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.115","source":"Hai, kore wa watakushi no desu.","translation":"Yes, this is mine.","reading":"はいこれわわたくしのです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.115.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.116","source":"Are wa anata no desu ka?","translation":"Is that over there yours?","reading":"あれわあなたのですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.116.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.117","source":"Iie, are wa watakushi no dewa arimasen.","translation":"No, that over there is not mine.","reading":"いいえあれわわたくしのでわありません","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.117.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.118","source":"Kore wa konokata no enpitsu desu ka?","translation":"Is this this person's pencil?","reading":"これわこのかたのえんぴつですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.118.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.119","source":"Hai, sore wa sonokata no enpitsu desu.","translation":"Yes, that is that person's pencil.","reading":"はいそれわそのかたのえんぴつです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.119.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.120","source":"Sore wa konokata no desu ka?","translation":"Is that this person's?","reading":"それわこのかたのですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.120.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Belonging to near and distant people · Perception Drill 13","teaching":[{"title":"This pencil","paragraphs":["*Kono enpitsu* means \"This pencil.\" *kono* stands immediately before a noun and identifies something near the speaker.","*Kono enpitsu wa watakushi no desu* means \"This pencil is mine.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.121","source":"Hai, kore wa sonokata no desu.","translation":"Yes, this is that person's.","reading":"はいこれわそのかたのです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.121.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.122","source":"Are wa sonokata no tsukue desu ka?","translation":"Is that over there that person's desk?","reading":"あれわそのかたのつくえですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.122.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.123","source":"Hai, are wa konokata no tsukue desu.","translation":"Yes, that over there is this person's desk.","reading":"はいあれわこのかたのつくえです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.123.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.124","source":"Kore wa anokata no isu desu ka?","translation":"Is this the chair belonging to that person over there?","reading":"これわあのかたのいすですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.124.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.125","source":"Hai, sore wa anokata no isu desu.","translation":"Yes, that is the chair belonging to that person over there.","reading":"はいそれわあのかたのいすです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.125.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.126","source":"Kore wa anokata no desu ka?","translation":"Does this belong to that person over there?","reading":"これわあのかたのですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.126.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.127","source":"Hai, sore wa anokata no desu.","translation":"Yes, that belongs to that person over there.","reading":"はいそれわあのかたのです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.127.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.128","source":"Kono","translation":"this N","reading":"この","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.128.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.129","source":"Kono enpitsu","translation":"This pencil.","reading":"このえんぴつ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.129.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.130","source":"Kono enpitsu wa watakushi no desu.","translation":"This pencil is mine.","reading":"このえんぴつわわたくしのです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.130.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Pointing words before nouns · Perception Drill 14","teaching":[{"title":"That book and that chair over there","paragraphs":["*Sono hon* means \"That book.\" *sono* identifies a noun near the addressee.","*Ano isu* means \"That chair over there.\" *ano* identifies a noun distant from the speaker and addressee."]}],"lines":[{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.131","source":"Sono","translation":"that N","reading":"その","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.131.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.132","source":"Sono hon","translation":"That book.","reading":"そのほん","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.132.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.133","source":"Sono hon wa anata no desu.","translation":"That book is yours.","reading":"そのほんわあなたのです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.133.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.134","source":"Ano","translation":"that N over there","reading":"あの","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.134.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.135","source":"Ano isu","translation":"That chair over there.","reading":"あのいす","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.135.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.136","source":"Ano isu wa konokata no desu.","translation":"That chair over there is this person's.","reading":"あのいすわこのかたのです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.136.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.137","source":"Kono hon wa anata no desu ka?","translation":"Is this book yours?","reading":"このほんわあなたのですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.137.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.138","source":"Hai, sono hon wa watakushi no desu.","translation":"Yes, that book is mine.","reading":"はいそのほんわわたくしのです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.138.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.139","source":"Sono isu wa anata no desu ka?","translation":"Is that chair yours?","reading":"そのいすわあなたのですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.139.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.140","source":"Hai, kono isu wa watakushi no desu.","translation":"Yes, this chair is mine.","reading":"はいこのいすわわたくしのです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.140.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Correcting who owns things · Perception Drill 15","teaching":[{"title":"Location and ownership together","paragraphs":["*Ano booshi wa anata no desu ka* means \"Is that hat over there yours?\"","*Ano booshi* locates the hat over there. Possessive *no* identifies its owner."]},{"title":"Correcting the owner","paragraphs":["*Iie, kono isu wa seito no dewa arimasen* denies that the chair belongs to the student.","*Sensei no desu* supplies the correction: \"it is the teacher's.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":155,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.141","source":"Ano booshi wa anata no desu ka?","translation":"Is that hat over there yours?","reading":"あのぼおしわあなたのですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.141.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.142","source":"Hai, ano booshi wa watakushi no desu.","translation":"Yes, that hat over there is mine.","reading":"はいあのぼおしわわたくしのです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.142.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.143","source":"Kono booshi wa anata no desu ka?","translation":"Is this hat yours?","reading":"このぼおしわあなたのですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.143.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.144","source":"Iie, sono booshi wa watakushi no dewa arimasen.","translation":"No, that hat is not mine.","reading":"いいえそのぼおしわわたくしのでわありません","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.144.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.145","source":"Dewa, kono booshi wa donata no desu ka?","translation":"Well then, whose hat is this?","reading":"でわこのぼおしわどなたのですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.145.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.146","source":"Sono booshi wa konokata no desu.","translation":"That hat belongs to this person.","reading":"そのぼおしわこのかたのです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.146.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.147","source":"Kono isu wa seito no desu ka?","translation":"Is this chair the student's?","reading":"このいすわせいとのですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.147.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.148","source":"Hai, sono isu wa seito no desu.","translation":"Yes, that chair is the student's.","reading":"はいそのいすわせいとのです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.148.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.149","source":"Sono isu wa seito no desu ka?","translation":"Is that chair the student's?","reading":"そのいすわせいとのですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.149.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"ja.dli.L002.pc.150","source":"Iie, kono isu wa seito no dewa arimasen. Sensei no desu.","translation":"No, this chair is not the student's; it is the teacher's.","reading":"いいえこのいすわせいとのでわありませんせんせいのです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.pc.150.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Military people, equipment and furnishings · Word list 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"People, equipment, and furnishings","paragraphs":["The field covers military people, equipment, and furnishings. *sensei* means \"teacher\", and *shookoo* means \"officer\".","*shoojuu* means \"rifle\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":165,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.001","source":"sensei","translation":"teacher","reading":"せんせい","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.001.m4a"},{"number":166,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.002","source":"seito","translation":"student","reading":"せいと","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.002.m4a"},{"number":167,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.003","source":"gunjin","translation":"soldier","reading":"ぐんじん","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.003.m4a"},{"number":168,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.004","source":"kashikan","translation":"NCO","reading":"かしかん","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.004.m4a"},{"number":169,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.005","source":"shookoo","translation":"officer","reading":"しょおこお","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.005.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.006","source":"heisotsu","translation":"private","reading":"へいそつ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.006.m4a"},{"number":171,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.007","source":"booshi","translation":"hat","reading":"ぼおし","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.007.m4a"},{"number":172,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.008","source":"dentoo","translation":"electric light","reading":"でんとお","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.008.m4a"},{"number":173,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.009","source":"tenjoo","translation":"ceiling","reading":"てんじょお","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.009.m4a"},{"number":174,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.010","source":"heiki","translation":"military weapon","reading":"へいき","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.010.m4a"},{"number":175,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.011","source":"shoojuu","translation":"rifle","reading":"しょおじゅう","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.011.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Pronouns and possessive words · Word list 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"People and possession","paragraphs":["The field covers personal pronouns and their possessive forms. *watakushi* means \"I\". *watakushi-tachi* is its plural form.","*watakushi no* means \"my\" or \"mine\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":176,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.012","source":"teeburu","translation":"table","reading":"てえぶる","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.012.m4a"},{"number":177,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.013","source":"watakushi","translation":"I","reading":"わたくし","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.013.m4a"},{"number":178,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.014","source":"watakushi-tachi","translation":"we","reading":"わたくしたち","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.014.m4a"},{"number":179,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.015","source":"anata","translation":"you","reading":"あなた","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.015.m4a"},{"number":180,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.016","source":"anata-gata","translation":"you (plural)","reading":"あなたがた","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.016.m4a"},{"number":181,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.017","source":"konokata","translation":"he, she (this person)","reading":"このかた","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.017.m4a"},{"number":182,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.018","source":"sono-kata","translation":"he, she (that person)","reading":"そのかた","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.018.m4a"},{"number":183,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.019","source":"ano-kata","translation":"he, she (that person over there)","reading":"あのかた","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.019.m4a"},{"number":184,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.020","source":"watakushi no","translation":"my, mine","reading":"わたくしの","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.020.m4a"},{"number":185,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.021","source":"anata no","translation":"your, yours","reading":"あなたの","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.021.m4a"},{"number":186,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.022","source":"watakushi-tachi no","translation":"our, ours","reading":"わたくしたちの","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Pointing and asking whose · Word list 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Pointing and asking whose","paragraphs":["The field covers pointing words and expressions for asking whose something is. *kono* means \"this N\".","*ano* means \"that N over there\". *donata no* means \"whose?\""]}],"lines":[{"number":187,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.023","source":"anata-gata no","translation":"your, yours","reading":"あなたがたの","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.023.m4a"},{"number":188,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.024","source":"kono-kata no","translation":"his, her (this person's) hers","reading":"このかたの","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.024.m4a"},{"number":189,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.025","source":"sono-kata no","translation":"his, her (that person's) hers","reading":"そのかたの","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.025.m4a"},{"number":190,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.026","source":"ano-kata no","translation":"his, her (that person's) hers","reading":"あのかたの","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.026.m4a"},{"number":191,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.027","source":"kono","translation":"this N","reading":"この","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.027.m4a"},{"number":192,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.028","source":"sono","translation":"that N","reading":"その","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.028.m4a"},{"number":193,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.029","source":"ano","translation":"that N over there","reading":"あの","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.029.m4a"},{"number":194,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.030","source":"donata","translation":"who?","reading":"どなた","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.030.m4a"},{"number":195,"id":"ja.dli.L002.w.031","source":"donata no","translation":"whose?","reading":"どなたの","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L002.w.031.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":4,"text":"Homework Assignment\n\n1 Memorize the dialogue.\n\n2 Listen to the tape and practice pronunciation.\n\n3 Read the explanatory notes.\n\n4 Memorize the vocabulary.\n\n5 Practice reading and writing of HIRAGANA, sa to zo."}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]}]}