{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L021","title":"Lesson 21","stage":"Sounds, kana, and the first conversations","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 21: morning study and breakfast · dialogue 1 of 4, study hours and owning a watch · dialogue 2 of 4, asking and telling the time · dialogue 3 of 4, family time and nightly study · dialogue 4 of 4, approximate times for daily events · perception drill, describing change and manner · perception drill, reasons placed after statements · perception drill, having family members and possessions · perception drill, both and neither · perception drill, times in a daily routine · pattern 1 1 of 2, asking when daily events happen · pattern 1 2 of 2, adverbs and changing qualities · pattern 2 1 of 2, reasons for daily habits · pattern 2 2 of 2, explaining actions with reasons · pattern 3 1 of 2, reasons for buying, saying what people have · pattern 4 1 of 2, asking what people have · pattern 4 2 of 2, both and neither with things · pattern 5 1 of 2, both and neither with people · pattern 5 2 of 2, morning study and school start · reading selection 1 of 2, evening routine and bedtime · reading selection 2 of 2, morning routine questions · questions 1 of 2, school and evening routine · questions 2 of 2, meals and times of day · word list 1 of 4, home, time and sequence words · word list 3 of 4, daily schedule and reading habits · word list 4 of 4.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/21","lines":192},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/20","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/22","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Morning study and breakfast · Dialogue 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Morning study","paragraphs":["One speaker asks, *あなたは 朝 何時に おきますか*, \"What time do you get up in the morning?\"","The answer is *まい 朝 六時に おきます*, \"I get up at six o'clock every morning.\""]},{"title":"A time before the action","paragraphs":["In *六時に おきます*, the particle *に* marks six as the time of getting up.","The conversation then moves from breakfast and study to study at night."]},{"title":"Kanji: 朝, 時, 夜","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L021.dlg.001","source":"あなたは 朝 何時に おきますか。","translation":"What time do you get up in the morning?","reading":"あなたはあさなんじにおきますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"何時","gloss":"what time","reading":"なんじ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L021.dlg.002","source":"まい 朝 六時に おきます。","translation":"I get up at six o'clock every morning.","reading":"まいあさろくじにおきます。","words":[{"text":"ま","gloss":"every morning"},{"text":"い","gloss":"every morning"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"every morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L021.dlg.003","source":"それから すぐ 朝めしを たべますか。","translation":"After that, do you eat breakfast right away?","reading":"それからすぐあさめしをたべますか。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"after that"},{"text":"から","gloss":"after that"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"right away"},{"text":"朝めし","gloss":"breakfast","reading":"あさめし"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L021.dlg.004","source":"いいえ、 七時すぎまで べんきょうします。 朝はんの 時には かないが よびます。","translation":"No, I study until past seven o'clock. My wife calls me for breakfast (at the time of breakfast).","reading":"いいえ、しちじすぎまでべんきょうします。あさはんのときにはかないがよびます。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven","reading":"しち"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"すぎ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"breakfast","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"はん","gloss":"breakfast"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かない","gloss":"my wife"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よび","gloss":"call"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L021.dlg.005","source":"あなたは 夜 べんきょうしませんか。","translation":"Don't you study at night?","reading":"あなたはよるべんきょうしませんか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"夜","gloss":"night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.dlg.005.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"NI and GORO\n\nThe particle NI indicates the point in time at which an action takes place.\n\nGORO means 'approximate point of time,' e.g.,\n\nROKUJI NI OKIMASU. \"I'll get up at 6 o'clock.\"\n\nROKUJI GORO OKIMASU. \"I'll get up around 6 o'clock.\""},{"section":2,"text":"I-adjectives\n\nInflections\n\nLike the verbs, the I-adjectives also have inflections and show six (6) different endings.\n\nName of 'ending' | SHIRO(I) 'white' | AKA(I) 'red' | OOKI(I) 'big' | USU(I) 'thin'\n1 Conjectural ending | SHIROKAROO | AKAKAROO | OOKIKAROO | USUKAROO\n2 past ending | SHIROKATTA | AKAKATTA | OOKIKATTA | USUKATTA\n\nName of 'ending' | SHIRO(I) 'white' | AKA(I) 'red' | OOKI(I) 'big' | USU(I) 'thin'\n3 Conclusive-attributive ending (Basic-ending) | SHIROI | AKAI | OOKII | USUI\n4 Conditional ending | SHIROKEREBA | AKAKEREBA | OOKIKEREBA | USUKEREBA\n5 Conjunctive ending | SHIROKU | AKAKU | OOKIKU | USUKU\n6 TE-ending | SHIROKUTE | AKAKUTE | OOKIKUTE | USUKUTE\n\nIt is customary to refer to I-adjectives by their basic endings, and these are the forms under which I-adjectives are entered in dictionaries.\n\nThe underlined parts in the above table are the roots of the I-adjectives.\n\nYou have learned the attributive and predicative uses of the basic ending, as in the following examples:\n\nKORE WA USUI HON DESU. \"This is a thin book.\"\n\nKONO HON WA USUI DESU. \"This book is thin.\"\n\nConjunctive ending\n\nThe conjunctive ending of I-adjectives is commonly used as an adverb, e.g.,\n\nHAYAKU OKIMASU \"I get up early.\"\n\nKARUKU TABEMASU \"I eat lightly.\"\n\nYOKU BENKYOO SHIMASU. \"I study hard.\"\n\nWARUKU NARIMASU. \"It becomes bad.\"\n\nYOKU\n\nYOKU is the conjunctive ending of YOI (good, well). It is often used with different meanings in different contexts, e.g.,\n\nANO SEITO WA YOKU BENKYOO SHIMASU. \"That student studies diligently.\" \"That student studies hard.\" \"That student studies thoroughly.\"\n\nANO KODOMO WA YOKU HANASHIMASU. \"That child talks a lot.\" \"That child talks often.\" \"That child talks skillfully.\"\n\nANO KATA WA YOKU KIMASU. \"He comes frequently.\"\n\nANO KATA WA YOKU TABEMASU. \"He eats a lot.\" \"He eats often.\""},{"section":3,"text":"KARA as afterthought reason\n\nThese elliptic expressions are very common in daily conversational Japanese.\n\nCompare the following utterances:\n\nATARASHII JIDOOSHA O KAIMASHITA KA? \"Did you buy a new car?\"\n\nIIE, AMMARI TAKAI KARA, KAIMASENDESHITA. \"No, I didn't buy it because it was too expensive.\"\n\nATARASHII JIDOOSHA O KAIMASHITA KA? \"Did you buy a new car?\"\n\nIIE, KAIMASENDESHITA. AMMARI TAKAI KARA. \"No, I didn't buy it, --- because it's too expensive.\"\n\nThe answer in (b) is an elliptic sentence. The reason has been omitted, but added later as an afterthought reason."},{"section":4,"text":"WA -- GA ARIMASU\n\nIn Lesson 6 the verb ARIMASU, 'to be,' was used as an existential verb with inanimate subjects, e.g.,\n\nKOKO NI HAKO GA ARIMASU. \"Here is a box.\"\n\nIn this lesson, it is used also with animate subjects and is translated as 'has' or 'have' indicating possession. Note that the notional subjects as denoted by WA in the following examples are animate, and the subjects of the verb\n\nARIMASU are indicated by GA or WA.\n\nWATAKUSHI WA KODOMO GA ARIMASU. \"I have children.\"\n\nANO SENSEI WA OKUSAN GA ARIMASEN. \"That teacher has no wife.\"\n\nBURAUN-SAN WA OTOKO-NO-KO GA SANNIN ARIMASU. \"Mr. Brown has three boys.\""},{"section":5,"text":"--MO--MO--SHIMASU, --MO--MO--SHIMASEN\n\nWhen there are two phrases in a row, each ending in MO, the translation is 'both--and--' if the predicate is affirmative, 'neither--nor--' if the predicate is negative.\n\nANOKATA WA NIPPONGO MO EIGO MO HANASU KOTO GA DEKIMASU. \"He can speak both Japanese and English.\"\n\nHIRAGANA MO KATAKANA MO YOMU KOTO GA DEKIMASEN. \"He can read neither HIRAGANA nor KATAKANA.\"\n\nŌSAKA E MO KYŌTO E MO IKIMASEN. \"I'll go neither to Osaka nor to Kyoto.\""}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"朝","gloss":"morning"},{"word":"何時","gloss":"what time"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"六","gloss":"six"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"すぐ","gloss":"right away, immediately"},{"word":"朝めし","gloss":"breakfast"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"かない","gloss":"wife (self)"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"夜","gloss":"night, evening"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Study hours and owning a watch · Dialogue 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Study in the morning","paragraphs":["The speaker studies at night but prefers the morning. *よく おぼえる ことが できます* means \"I can memorize well.\""]},{"title":"Having a wristwatch","paragraphs":["The question *あなたは うでどけいが ありますか* means \"Do you have a wristwatch?\"","Here *あります* expresses having the wristwatch marked by *が*."]},{"title":"Kanji: 午, 間","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 後, 前","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L021.dlg.006","source":"いいえ、 夜も べんきょうします。 でも、 朝の 方が いいですね。 朝 べんきょうすると、 よく おぼえる ことが できます。","translation":"Yes, I study at night, too. However, in the morning it is better. When I study in the morning, I can memorize well.","reading":"いいえ、よるもべんきょうします。でも、あさのほうがいいですね。あさべんきょうすると、よくおぼえることができます。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"夜","gloss":"night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"で","gloss":"however"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"おぼえる","gloss":"memorize"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"doing"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"でき","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.dlg.006.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L021.dlg.007","source":"がっこうでは まい日 何時間 べんきょうしますか。","translation":"How many hours do you study at school everyday?","reading":"がっこうではまいにちなんじかんべんきょうしますか。","words":[{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まい日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L021.dlg.008","source":"午前に 三時間と 午後に 三時間、 まい日 六時間 べんきょうします。","translation":"We study six hours everyday, three hours in the morning and three hours in the afternoon.","reading":"ごぜんにさんじかんとごごにさんじかん、まいにちろくじかんべんきょうします。","words":[{"text":"午前","gloss":"morning","reading":"ごぜん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"午後","gloss":"afternoon","reading":"ごご"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"時間、","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"まい日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L021.dlg.009","source":"あなたは うでどけいが ありますか。","translation":"Do you have a wristwatch?","reading":"あなたはうでどけいがありますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"う","gloss":"wristwatch"},{"text":"で","gloss":"wristwatch"},{"text":"どけい","gloss":"wristwatch"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L021.dlg.010","source":"はい、 あります。","translation":"Yes, I do.","reading":"はい、あります。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.dlg.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"おぼえる","gloss":"to memorize, remember (v.t.)"},{"word":"まい日","gloss":"everyday"},{"word":"午前","gloss":"a.m., morning"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"午後","gloss":"p.m., afternoon"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking and telling the time · Dialogue 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"The time now","paragraphs":["The speakers first establish the time. *いま 四時 十分 前です* means \"It's ten minutes to four now.\""]},{"title":"Around four thirty","paragraphs":["Then *あなたは 何時頃 うちへ かえりますか* asks around what time the other speaker goes home.","The answer *四時半頃 かえります* means \"I go home around four-thirty.\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 頃","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L021.dlg.011","source":"いま 何時ですか。","translation":"What time is it now?","reading":"いまなんじですか。","words":[{"text":"いま","gloss":"now"},{"text":"何時","gloss":"what time","reading":"なんじ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L021.dlg.012","source":"いま 四時 十分 前です。","translation":"It's ten minutes to four now.","reading":"いまよじじゅっぷんまえです。","words":[{"text":"いま","gloss":"now"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o'clock"},{"text":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"text":"分","gloss":"minutes"},{"text":"前","gloss":"before"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.dlg.012.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L021.dlg.013","source":"あなたは 何時頃 うちへ かえりますか。","translation":"When (around what time) do you go home?","reading":"あなたはなんじごろうちへかえりますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何時頃","gloss":"around what time","reading":"なんじごろ"},{"text":"うち","gloss":"home"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"かえり","gloss":"return"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L021.dlg.014","source":"四時半頃 かえります。","translation":"I go home around four-thirty.","reading":"よじはんごろかえります。","words":[{"text":"四","gloss":"four"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o'clock"},{"text":"半","gloss":"half"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"かえり","gloss":"return"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L021.dlg.015","source":"それから すぐ べんきょうを はじめますか。","translation":"Do you start studying right away then?","reading":"それからすぐべんきょうをはじめますか。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"after that"},{"text":"から","gloss":"after that"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"right away"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"studying"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はじめ","gloss":"begin"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.dlg.015.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"いま","gloss":"now, just now"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"分","gloss":"minute"},{"word":"前","gloss":"before, front"},{"word":"うち","gloss":"home, house"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"頃","gloss":"approximate point of time (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Family time and nightly study · Dialogue 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Time with the children","paragraphs":["The speaker plays with the children after supper. *朝から ばんまで 子どもを 見ませんから* gives the reason: \"because I don't see my children from morning until evening.\""]},{"title":"Two kinds of study","paragraphs":["The question *かん字も ダイアログも べんきょうしますか* asks whether the speaker studies both kanji and a dialogue.","The repeated *も* includes both kinds of study."]}],"lines":[{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L021.dlg.016","source":"いいえ、 七時すぎ まで やすみます。 それから、 十一時頃まで べんきょうします。","translation":"No, I rest until past seven. Then (after that) I study until about eleven o'clock.","reading":"いいえ、しちじすぎまでやすみます。それから、じゅういちじごろまでべんきょうします。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven","reading":"しち"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"すぎ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"やすみ","gloss":"rest"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"after that"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"after that"},{"text":"十","gloss":"eleven"},{"text":"一","gloss":"eleven"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o'clock"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L021.dlg.017","source":"ゆうはんの 後で 子どもさんたちと あそびますか。","translation":"Do you play with your children after supper?","reading":"ゆうはんのあとでこどもさんたちとあそびますか。","words":[{"text":"ゆう","gloss":"supper"},{"text":"はん","gloss":"supper"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"後","gloss":"after","reading":"あと"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"子ども","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"respectful title"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"plural"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"play"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L021.dlg.018","source":"はい、 あそびます。 朝から ばんまで 子どもを 見ませんから。","translation":"Yes, I do (play) because I don't see my children from morning until evening.","reading":"はい、あそびます。あさからばんまでこどもをみませんから。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"play"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"ばん","gloss":"evening"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"子ども","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.dlg.018.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L021.dlg.019","source":"あなたは まいばん かん字も ダイアログも べんきょうしますか。","translation":"Do you study both KANJI and a dialogue every night?","reading":"あなたはまいばんかんじもダイアログもべんきょうしますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まいばん","gloss":"every night"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ダイアログ","gloss":"dialogue"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L021.dlg.020","source":"はい、 どちらも べんきょうします。","translation":"Yes, I study both of them.","reading":"はい、どちらもべんきょうします。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"どちら","gloss":"either one"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.dlg.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"子ども","gloss":"child, children"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ばん","gloss":"evening, night"},{"word":"ダイアログ","gloss":"dialogue"},{"word":"どちら","gloss":"which of two (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Approximate times for daily events · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"At what time","paragraphs":["*あなたは 何時に がっこうへ 来ますか* means \"What time do you come to school?\"","The particle *に* marks the point in time at which an action takes place."]},{"title":"Around the hour","paragraphs":["*私は 八時頃 来ます* means \"I come around eight o'clock.\"","*頃* marks an approximate point in time and takes the place of *に*."]}],"lines":[{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp1.01","source":"あなたは 何時に がっこうへ 来ますか。","translation":"What time do you come to school?","reading":"あなたはなんじにがっこうへきますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what time","reading":"なん"},{"text":"時","gloss":"what time","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp1.02","source":"私は 八時頃 来ます。","translation":"I come around eight o’clock.","reading":"わたくしははちじごろきます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o'clock"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp1.03","source":"何時に 本屋へ 行きますか。","translation":"What time do you go to the bookstore?","reading":"なんじにほんやへいきますか。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"what time","reading":"なん"},{"text":"時","gloss":"what time","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"本屋","gloss":"bookstore","reading":"ほんや"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp1.04","source":"十時頃 行きます。","translation":"I go around ten o’clock.","reading":"じゅうじごろいきます。","words":[{"text":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp1.05","source":"何時頃 うちへ かえりますか。","translation":"About what time do you go home?","reading":"なんじごろうちへかえりますか。","words":[{"text":"何時頃","gloss":"about what time","reading":"なんじごろ"},{"text":"うち","gloss":"home"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"かえり","gloss":"return home"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp1.06","source":"五時頃 かえります。","translation":"I go home around five o’clock.","reading":"ごじごろかえります。","words":[{"text":"五","gloss":"five"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"かえり","gloss":"return home"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp1.07","source":"何時頃 しんぶんが 来ますか。","translation":"About what time does the newspaper come?","reading":"なんじごろしんぶんがきますか。","words":[{"text":"何時頃","gloss":"about what time","reading":"なんじごろ"},{"text":"しんぶん","gloss":"newspaper"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp1.08","source":"六時頃 来ます。","translation":"It comes around six o’clock.","reading":"ろくじごろきます。","words":[{"text":"六","gloss":"six"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp1.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"word":"本屋","gloss":"bookshop"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Describing change and manner · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"A quality becomes different","paragraphs":["*かん字は やさしく なりましたか* means \"Have kanji become easier?\"","In *やさしく*, an I-adjective's final *い* has become *く*. This is its conjunctive ending.","With *なりました*, *やさしく* expresses a change: becoming easier."]},{"title":"The same form describes manner","paragraphs":["*大てい かるく たべます* means \"I usually eat lightly.\"","The *く* form *かるく* describes how the eating happens."]},{"title":"Kanji: 大","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp2.01","source":"かん字は やさしく なりましたか。","translation":"Have kanji become easier?","reading":"かんじはやさしくなりましたか。","words":[{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やさしく","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp2.01.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp2.02","source":"いいえ、 やさしく なりません。 むずかしく なりました。","translation":"No, they haven’t become easier. They have become harder.","reading":"いいえ、やさしくなりません。むずかしくなりました。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"やさしく","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"むずかしく","gloss":"hard"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp2.02.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp2.03","source":"あなたは いつも たくさん たべますか。","translation":"Do you always eat a lot?","reading":"あなたはいつもたくさんたべますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"たくさん","gloss":"a lot"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp2.03.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp2.04","source":"いいえ、 大てい かるく たべます。","translation":"No, I usually eat lightly.","reading":"いいえ、たいていかるくたべます。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"大てい","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"かるく","gloss":"lightly"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp2.04.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp2.05","source":"この はなは いろが わるく なりましたね。","translation":"The color of this flower has gotten worse, hasn’t it?","reading":"このはなはいろがわるくなりましたね。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いろ","gloss":"color"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"わるく","gloss":"worse"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp2.05.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp2.06","source":"ええ、 少し 古くなると、 いろが わるくなります。","translation":"Yes, when it gets a little old, its color gets worse.","reading":"ええ、すこしふるくなると、いろがわるくなります。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"古く","gloss":"old","reading":"ふるく"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"いろ","gloss":"color"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"わるく","gloss":"worse"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp2.06.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp2.07","source":"かみやさんは はやく はなしますね。","translation":"Mr. Kamiya speaks quickly, doesn’t he?","reading":"かみやさんははやくはなしますね。","words":[{"text":"か","gloss":"Kamiya"},{"text":"みや","gloss":"Kamiya"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"はやく","gloss":"quickly"},{"text":"はなし","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp2.07.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp2.08","source":"ええ、 はやく はなします。","translation":"Yes, he speaks quickly.","reading":"ええ、はやくはなします。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"はやく","gloss":"quickly"},{"text":"はなし","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp2.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"たくさん","gloss":"many"},{"word":"はな","gloss":"flower"},{"word":"いろ","gloss":"color"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Reasons placed after statements · Perception drill, Block 3","teaching":[{"title":"The statement comes first","paragraphs":["*いいえ、 できません。 あまり 遠いから* means \"No, I can't, because it is too far.\"","The main statement is complete before the reason appears."]},{"title":"A reason added afterward","paragraphs":["A clause ending in *から* can follow the statement as an afterthought reason.","*買いませんでした。 あまり たかいから* means \"I didn't buy one, because it was too expensive.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp3.01","source":"この かん字を 読むことが できますか。","translation":"Can you read this kanji?","reading":"このかんじをよむことができますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読む","gloss":"read","reading":"よむ"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"でき","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp3.01.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp3.02","source":"いいえ、 できません。 その かん字を まだ ならいませんから、","translation":"No, I can’t, because I haven’t learned that kanji yet.","reading":"いいえ、できません。そのかんじをまだならいませんから、","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"でき","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"ならい","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp3.02.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp3.03","source":"ここから 町まで あるくことが できますか。","translation":"Can you walk from here to town?","reading":"ここからまちまであるくことができますか。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"to"},{"text":"あるく","gloss":"walk"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"でき","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp3.03.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp3.04","source":"いいえ、 できません。 あまり 遠いから。","translation":"No, I can’t, because it is too far.","reading":"いいえ、できません。あまりとおいから。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"でき","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"too"},{"text":"遠い","gloss":"far","reading":"とおい"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp3.04.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp3.05","source":"あなたは じどうしゃで がっこうへ 来ますか。","translation":"Do you come to school by car?","reading":"あなたはじどうしゃでがっこうへきますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"じどう","gloss":"car"},{"text":"しゃ","gloss":"car"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp3.05.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp3.06","source":"いいえ、 じどうしゃで 来ません。 近いですから。","translation":"No, I don’t come by car, because it is close.","reading":"いいえ、じどうしゃできません。ちかいですから。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"じどう","gloss":"car"},{"text":"しゃ","gloss":"car"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"近い","gloss":"close","reading":"ちかい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp3.06.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp3.07","source":"あなたは わえい字てんを 買いましたか。","translation":"Did you buy a Japanese-English dictionary?","reading":"あなたはわえいじてんをかいましたか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"わ","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary"},{"text":"え","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary"},{"text":"い","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary"},{"text":"字","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"てん","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp3.07.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp3.08","source":"いいえ、 買いませんでした。 あまり たかいから。","translation":"No, I didn’t buy one, because it was too expensive.","reading":"いいえ、かいませんでした。あまりたかいから。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"past, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"too"},{"text":"たかい","gloss":"expensive"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp3.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"},{"word":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"word":"町","gloss":"town"},{"word":"遠い","gloss":"far"},{"word":"近い","gloss":"near, close"},{"word":"たかい","gloss":"expensive"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Having family members and possessions · Perception drill, Block 4","teaching":[{"title":"Having children","paragraphs":["*やまださんは お子さんが 三人 あります* means \"Mr. Yamada has three children.\"","With a person as the topic, *あります* can mean \"has\" or \"have.\""]},{"title":"The person and the possession","paragraphs":["The person who has something takes *は*. The family member or possession takes *が*, or sometimes *は*.","In *あなたは ペンが ありますか*, *あなたは* marks the person and *ペンが* marks the possession."]}],"lines":[{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp4.01","source":"あなたは おくさんが ありますか。","translation":"Do you have a wife?","reading":"あなたはおくさんがありますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おく","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp4.01.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp4.02","source":"はい、 かないが あります。","translation":"Yes, I have a wife.","reading":"はい、かないがあります。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"かない","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp4.02.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp4.03","source":"やまださんは お子さんが ありますか。","translation":"Does Mr. Yamada have any children?","reading":"やまださんはおこさんがありますか。","words":[{"text":"やまだ","gloss":"Mr. Yamada"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"お","gloss":"children"},{"text":"子","gloss":"children","reading":"こ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"children"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp4.03.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp4.04","source":"ええ、 やまださんは お子さんが 三人 あります。","translation":"Yes, Mr. Yamada has three children.","reading":"ええ、やまださんはおこさんがさんにんあります。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"やまだ","gloss":"Mr. Yamada"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"お","gloss":"children"},{"text":"子","gloss":"children","reading":"こ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"children"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three children","reading":"さん"},{"text":"人","gloss":"three children","reading":"にん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp4.04.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp4.05","source":"あなたは ペンが ありますか。","translation":"Do you have a pen?","reading":"あなたはペンがありますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ペン","gloss":"pen"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp4.05.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp4.06","source":"はい、 ペンが あります。","translation":"Yes, I have a pen.","reading":"はい、ペンがあります。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ペン","gloss":"pen"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp4.06.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp4.07","source":"あなたは かん字の 字しょが ありますか。","translation":"Do you have a kanji dictionary?","reading":"あなたはかんじのじしょがありますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"字","gloss":"dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"dictionary"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp4.07.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp4.08","source":"ええ、 あります。","translation":"Yes, I do.","reading":"ええ、あります。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp4.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"ペン","gloss":"pen"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Both and neither · Perception drill, Block 5","teaching":[{"title":"Both and neither","paragraphs":["*かなも かん字も ならいます* means \"I learn both KANA and KANJI.\"","*しんぶんも ざっしも 読みません* means \"I read neither newspapers nor magazines.\""]},{"title":"Affirmative or negative","paragraphs":["Two phrases ending in *も* mean \"both and\" with an affirmative predicate. They mean \"neither nor\" with a negative predicate."]}],"lines":[{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp5.01","source":"かなも かん字も ならいます。","translation":"I learn both KANA and KANJI.","reading":"かなもかんじもならいます。","words":[{"text":"かな","gloss":"kana"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ならい","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp5.01.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp5.02","source":"しんぶんも ざっしも 読みません。","translation":"I read neither newspapers nor magazines.","reading":"しんぶんもざっしもよみません。","words":[{"text":"しんぶん","gloss":"newspapers"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazines"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"読み","gloss":"read","reading":"よみ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp5.02.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp5.03","source":"あなたは まい日 しんぶんを 読みますか。","translation":"Do you read the newspaper every day?","reading":"あなたはまいにちしんぶんをよみますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まい日","gloss":"every day"},{"text":"しんぶん","gloss":"newspaper"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読み","gloss":"read","reading":"よみ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp5.03.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp5.04","source":"ええ、 日本の しんぶんも アメリカの しんぶんも 読みます。","translation":"Yes, I read both Japanese and American newspapers.","reading":"ええ、にほんのしんぶんもアメリカのしんぶんもよみます。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しんぶん","gloss":"newspapers"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"アメリカ","gloss":"America"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しんぶん","gloss":"newspapers"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"読み","gloss":"read","reading":"よみ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp5.04.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp5.05","source":"あなたは きょうしつの まども ドアも しめましたか。","translation":"Did you close both the classroom windows and the door?","reading":"あなたはきょうしつのまどもドアもしめましたか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きょうしつ","gloss":"classroom"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"まど","gloss":"windows"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ドア","gloss":"door"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"しめ","gloss":"close"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp5.05.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp5.06","source":"はい、 まども ドアも しめました。","translation":"Yes, I closed both the windows and the door.","reading":"はい、まどもドアもしめました。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"まど","gloss":"windows"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ドア","gloss":"door"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"しめ","gloss":"close"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp5.06.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp5.07","source":"あなたは フランス語も ドイツ語も できますか。","translation":"Can you speak both French and German?","reading":"あなたはフランスごもドイツごもできますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"フランス","gloss":"French"},{"text":"語","gloss":"French","reading":"ご"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ドイツ","gloss":"German"},{"text":"語","gloss":"German","reading":"ご"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"でき","gloss":"can speak"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp5.07.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp5.08","source":"いいえ、 私は フランス語も ドイツ語も はなしません。","translation":"No, I speak neither French nor German.","reading":"いいえ、わたくしはフランスごもドイツごもはなしません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"フランス","gloss":"French"},{"text":"語","gloss":"French","reading":"ご"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ドイツ","gloss":"German"},{"text":"語","gloss":"German","reading":"ご"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"はなし","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp5.08.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp5.09","source":"あなたは スミスさんと ブラウンさんを 見ましたか。","translation":"Did you see Mr. Smith and Mr. Brown?","reading":"あなたはスミスさんとブラウンさんをみましたか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ブラウン","gloss":"Brown"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp5.09.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L021.gp5.10","source":"いいえ、 私は スミスさんも ブラウンさんも 見ませんでした。","translation":"No, I saw neither Mr. Smith nor Mr. Brown.","reading":"いいえ、わたくしはスミスさんもブラウンさんもみませんでした。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ブラウン","gloss":"Brown"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"past, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.gp5.10.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"かな","gloss":"Japanese syllabary"},{"word":"アメリカ","gloss":"America; U.S.A."}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Times in a daily routine · Pattern 1 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Breakfast at seven","paragraphs":["*七時に 朝めしを たべます* means \"I'll eat breakfast at seven o'clock.\"","The *に* after the hour marks the exact time, as in *六時に おきます*."]},{"title":"Lunch around twelve","paragraphs":["*十二時頃 ひるめしを たべます* means \"I'll eat lunch around twelve o'clock.\"","Here *頃* marks the time as approximate."]}],"lines":[{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt1.01","source":"七時に 朝めしを たべます。","translation":"I'll eat breakfast at seven o'clock.","reading":"しちじにあさめしをたべます。","words":[{"text":"七","gloss":"seven","reading":"しち"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"朝めし","gloss":"breakfast","reading":"あさめし"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt1.02","source":"十二時頃 ひるめしを たべます。","translation":"I'll eat lunch around twelve o'clock.","reading":"じゅうにじごろひるめしをたべます。","words":[{"text":"十","gloss":"twelve"},{"text":"二","gloss":"twelve"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"ひるめし","gloss":"lunch"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt1.03","source":"朝 六時に おきます。","translation":"I get up at six o’clock in the morning.","reading":"あさろくじにおきます。","words":[{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt1.04","source":"がっこうは 八時に はじまります。","translation":"School begins at eight o’clock.","reading":"がっこうははちじにはじまります。","words":[{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eight","reading":"はち"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"はじまり","gloss":"begin"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt1.05","source":"がっこうは 四時に おわります。","translation":"School ends at four o’clock.","reading":"がっこうはよじにおわります。","words":[{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four","reading":"よ"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"おわり","gloss":"end"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt1.06","source":"五時頃 うちへ かえります。","translation":"I go home around five o’clock.","reading":"ごじごろうちへかえります。","words":[{"text":"五","gloss":"five"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"うち","gloss":"home"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"かえり","gloss":"return home"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt1.07","source":"六時頃 ゆうはんを たべます。","translation":"I eat dinner around six o’clock.","reading":"ろくじごろゆうはんをたべます。","words":[{"text":"六","gloss":"six"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"ゆう","gloss":"dinner"},{"text":"はん","gloss":"dinner"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt1.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"ひるめし","gloss":"lunch, noon meal"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking when daily events happen · Pattern 1 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"An exact time","paragraphs":["*あなたは 朝 何時に おきますか* means \"What time do you get up in the morning?\"","The answer *六時半に おきます* gives an exact time."]},{"title":"An approximate time","paragraphs":["*何時頃 がっこうに 来ますか* means \"About what time do you come to school?\"","The answer *七時半頃 来ます* gives an approximate time."]}],"lines":[{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt1.08","source":"あなたは 朝 何時に おきますか。","translation":"What time do you get up in the morning?","reading":"あなたはあさなんじにおきますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"何時","gloss":"what time","reading":"なんじ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt1.09","source":"六時半に おきます。","translation":"I get up at six thirty.","reading":"ろくじはんにおきます。","words":[{"text":"六","gloss":"six","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"半","gloss":"half past","reading":"はん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt1.10","source":"何時頃 がっこうに 来ますか。","translation":"About what time do you come to school?","reading":"なんじごろがっこうにきますか。","words":[{"text":"何時頃","gloss":"about what time","reading":"なんじごろ"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt1.11","source":"七時半頃 来ます。","translation":"I come around seven thirty.","reading":"しちじはんごろきます。","words":[{"text":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock"},{"text":"半","gloss":"half past"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt1.12","source":"何時頃 ひるめしを たべますか。","translation":"About what time do you eat lunch?","reading":"なんじごろひるめしをたべますか。","words":[{"text":"何時頃","gloss":"about what time","reading":"なんじごろ"},{"text":"ひるめし","gloss":"lunch"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt1.13","source":"十二時前に たべます。","translation":"I eat before twelve o’clock.","reading":"じゅうにじまえにたべます。","words":[{"text":"十","gloss":"twelve","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"二","gloss":"twelve","reading":"に"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"前","gloss":"before","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt1.13.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Adverbs and changing qualities · Pattern 2 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Walking fast","paragraphs":["*私は はやく あるきます* means \"I'll walk fast.\"","The *く* ending in *はやく* describes how the walking happens."]},{"title":"Becoming bigger","paragraphs":["*子どもは 大きく なりました* means \"The child has grown bigger.\"","The I-adjective in its *く* form combines with *なりました* to express change."]}],"lines":[{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt2.m1","source":"私は はやく あるきます。","translation":"I'll walk fast.","reading":"わたくしははやくあるきます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"はやく","gloss":"fast"},{"text":"あるき","gloss":"walk"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt2.01","source":"ここへ はやく 来なさい。","translation":"Come here early.","reading":"ここへはやくきなさい。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"はやく","gloss":"early"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt2.02","source":"子どもは 大きく なりました。","translation":"The child has grown bigger.","reading":"こどもはおおきくなりました。","words":[{"text":"子ども","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大きく","gloss":"bigger","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt2.03","source":"私は 夜 おそく やすみます。","translation":"I go to bed late at night.","reading":"わたくしはよるおそくやすみます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"夜","gloss":"night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"おそく","gloss":"late"},{"text":"やすみ","gloss":"go to bed"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt2.04","source":"私は 朝 はやく おきます。","translation":"I get up early in the morning.","reading":"わたくしはあさはやくおきます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"はやく","gloss":"early"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt2.05","source":"こくばんは しろく なりました。","translation":"The blackboard has become white.","reading":"こくばんはしろくなりました。","words":[{"text":"こくばん","gloss":"blackboard"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"しろく","gloss":"white"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt2.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"おそく","gloss":"late (adverbial form of OSOI, be late, be slow)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Reasons for daily habits · Pattern 2 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Faster action","paragraphs":["*もっと はやく おあるきなさい* means \"Please walk faster.\"","The *く* form *はやく*, with *もっと*, describes faster walking."]},{"title":"A harder subject","paragraphs":["*いいえ、 むずかしく なりました* means \"No, it has become harder.\"","The *く* form with *なりました* expresses a change in the quality."]}],"lines":[{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt2.06","source":"もっと はやく おあるきなさい。","translation":"Please walk faster.","reading":"もっとはやくおあるきなさい。","words":[{"text":"もっと","gloss":"more"},{"text":"はやく","gloss":"fast"},{"text":"お","gloss":"please"},{"text":"あるき","gloss":"walk"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt2.07","source":"はい、 はやく あるきます。","translation":"Yes, I’ll walk faster.","reading":"はい、はやくあるきます。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"はやく","gloss":"fast"},{"text":"あるき","gloss":"walk"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt2.07.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt2.08","source":"日本語は 少し やさしく なりましたか。","translation":"Has Japanese become a little easier?","reading":"にほんごはすこしやさしくなりましたか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese language","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"やさしく","gloss":"easier"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt2.09","source":"いいえ、 むずかしく なりました。","translation":"No, it has become harder.","reading":"いいえ、むずかしくなりました。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"むずかしく","gloss":"harder"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt2.10","source":"あなたは なぜ 朝 はやく おきますか。","translation":"Why do you get up early in the morning?","reading":"あなたはなぜあさはやくおきますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"はやく","gloss":"early"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt2.11","source":"朝 おそく おきると、 べんきょうすることが できませんから、 はやく おきます。","translation":"I get up early because if I get up late in the morning, I can't study.","reading":"あさおそくおきると、べんきょうすることができませんから、はやくおきます。","words":[{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"おそく","gloss":"late"},{"text":"おきる","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"act"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"でき","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"はやく","gloss":"early"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt2.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"もっと","gloss":"more (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"なぜ","gloss":"why?"},{"word":"おきる","gloss":"to rise, get up (v.i.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Explaining actions with reasons · Pattern 3 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The purchase first","paragraphs":["*それを 買いませんでした。 あまり たかいから* means \"I didn't buy it, because it was too expensive.\"","The statement comes first. The separate clause ending in *から* supplies its reason."]},{"title":"The same order with travel","paragraphs":["*私は がっこうに じどうしゃで 来ます。 うちから 遠いから* means \"I come to school by car because it is far from my house.\"","The travel statement also comes before its reason."]}],"lines":[{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt3.01","source":"それを 買いませんでした。 あまり たかいから。","translation":"I didn't buy it, because it was too expensive.","reading":"それをかいませんでした。あまりたかいから。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was, polite"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"too"},{"text":"たかい","gloss":"expensive"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt3.01.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt3.02","source":"ダイアログを みんな おぼえる ことは できませんでした。 あんまり たくさん ありましたから。","translation":"I couldn't memorize all the dialogs because there were too many.","reading":"ダイアログをみんなおぼえることはできませんでした。あんまりたくさんありましたから。","words":[{"text":"ダイアログ","gloss":"dialogs"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"みんな","gloss":"all"},{"text":"おぼえる","gloss":"memorize"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"act"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"でき","gloss":"could"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was, polite"},{"text":"あんまり","gloss":"too"},{"text":"たくさん","gloss":"many"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt3.02.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt3.03","source":"ひるめしを たべませんでした。 あさはんを おそく たべましたから。","translation":"I did not eat lunch because I ate breakfast late.","reading":"ひるめしをたべませんでした。あさはんをおそくたべましたから。","words":[{"text":"ひるめし","gloss":"lunch"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was, polite"},{"text":"あさ","gloss":"breakfast"},{"text":"はん","gloss":"breakfast"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おそく","gloss":"late"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt3.03.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt3.04","source":"私は がっこうに じどうしゃで 来ます。 うちから 遠いから。","translation":"I come to school by car because it is far from my house.","reading":"わたくしはがっこうにじどうしゃできます。うちからとおいから。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"じどう","gloss":"car"},{"text":"しゃ","gloss":"car"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"うち","gloss":"home"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"遠い","gloss":"far","reading":"とおい"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt3.04.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt3.05","source":"この かん字を 読むことは できません。 まだ ならいませんから。","translation":"I can't read this kanji because I haven't learned it yet.","reading":"このかんじをよむことはできません。まだならいませんから。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読む","gloss":"read","reading":"よむ"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"act"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"でき","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"ならい","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt3.05.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt3.06","source":"あなたは あたらしい じどうしゃを 買いましたか。","translation":"Did you buy a new car?","reading":"あなたはあたらしいじどうしゃをかいましたか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あたらしい","gloss":"new"},{"text":"じどう","gloss":"car"},{"text":"しゃ","gloss":"car"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt3.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"から。","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"みんな","gloss":"all"},{"word":"あたらしい","gloss":"new"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Reasons for buying, travel, and absence · Pattern 3 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A reason after the result","paragraphs":["*二時間半ぐらい かかります。 かなり 遠いから* means \"It takes about two and a half hours because it is quite far.\"","The clause ending in *から* explains the preceding result."]},{"title":"A reason by itself","paragraphs":["*なぜ 来ませんでしたか* asks \"Why didn't you come?\"","The answer *あまり おそく おきましたから* gives only the reason: \"Because I got up very late.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt3.07","source":"はい、 買いました。 やすいでしたから。","translation":"Yes, I did, because it was inexpensive.","reading":"はい、かいました。やすいでしたから。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"やすい","gloss":"inexpensive"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was, polite"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt3.07.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt3.08","source":"ここから サンフランシスコまで じどうしゃで 何時間ぐらい かかりますか。","translation":"About how many hours does it take to get from here to San Francisco by car?","reading":"ここからサンフランシスコまでじどうしゃでなんじかんぐらいかかりますか。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"to"},{"text":"じどう","gloss":"car"},{"text":"しゃ","gloss":"car"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"かかり","gloss":"take"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt3.08.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt3.09","source":"二時間半ぐらい かかります。 かなり 遠いから。","translation":"It takes about two and a half hours because it is quite far.","reading":"にじかんはんぐらいかかります。かなりとおいから。","words":[{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"半","gloss":"half","reading":"はん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"かかり","gloss":"take"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"かなり","gloss":"quite"},{"text":"遠い","gloss":"far","reading":"とおい"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt3.09.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt3.10","source":"なぜ 来ませんでしたか。","translation":"Why didn't you come?","reading":"なぜきませんでしたか。","words":[{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt3.10.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt3.11","source":"あまり おそく おきましたから。","translation":"Because I got up very late.","reading":"あまりおそくおきましたから。","words":[{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very"},{"text":"おそく","gloss":"late"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt3.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"やすい","gloss":"cheap"},{"word":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"かなり","gloss":"fairly"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying what people have · Pattern 4 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Three children","paragraphs":["*やまださんは お子さんが 三人 あります* means \"Mr. Yamada has three children.\"","In this line, *やまださんは* marks the person. *お子さんが* marks the family members."]},{"title":"Two cars","paragraphs":["*私は じどうしゃが 二だい あります* means \"I have two cars.\"","The same pattern states a possession and its number."]}],"lines":[{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt4.01","source":"あなたは うでどけいが ありますか。","translation":"Do you have a wristwatch?","reading":"あなたはうでどけいがありますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"う","gloss":"wristwatch"},{"text":"で","gloss":"wristwatch"},{"text":"どけい","gloss":"wristwatch"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt4.01.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt4.02","source":"たなかさんは おくさんが あります。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka has a wife.","reading":"たなかさんはおくさんがあります。","words":[{"text":"たなか","gloss":"Tanaka"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おく","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt4.02.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt4.03","source":"やまださんは お子さんが 三人 あります。","translation":"Mr. Yamada has three children.","reading":"やまださんはおこさんがさんにんあります。","words":[{"text":"やまだ","gloss":"Yamada"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"お","gloss":"children"},{"text":"子","gloss":"children","reading":"こ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"children"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"にん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt4.03.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt4.04","source":"私は じどうしゃが 二だい あります。","translation":"I have two cars.","reading":"わたくしはじどうしゃがにだいあります。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"じどう","gloss":"cars"},{"text":"しゃ","gloss":"cars"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"だい","gloss":"vehicle counter"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt4.04.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt4.05","source":"スミスさんは 女の子が 一人 あります。","translation":"Mr. Smith has one daughter.","reading":"スミスさんはおんなのこがひとりあります。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"女の子","gloss":"daughter"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一人","gloss":"one person","reading":"ひとり"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt4.05.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt4.06","source":"私は 男の子は ありません。","translation":"I don't have any sons.","reading":"わたくしはおとこのこはありません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"男の子","gloss":"sons"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt4.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"だい","gloss":"counter for counting vehicles and machineries (See Notes)"},{"word":"女の子","gloss":"girl"},{"word":"一人","gloss":"one person"},{"word":"男の子","gloss":"boy"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking what people have · Pattern 4 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Asking about children","paragraphs":["*やまださんは お子さんが ありますか* means \"Does Mr. Yamada have any children?\"","The answer *男の子が 三人 あります* gives the family members and their number."]},{"title":"Asking about friends","paragraphs":["*あなたは 日本人の おともだちが ありますか* means \"Do you have any Japanese friends?\"","The answer keeps the possession with *が*: *日本人の ともだちが たくさん あります*"]}],"lines":[{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt4.07","source":"ブラウンさんは おくさんが ありますか。","translation":"Does Mr. Brown have a wife?","reading":"ブラウンさんはおくさんがありますか。","words":[{"text":"ブラウン","gloss":"Brown"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おく","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt4.07.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt4.08","source":"いいえ、 ブラウンさんは おくさんは ありません。","translation":"No, Mr. Brown doesn't have a wife.","reading":"いいえ、ブラウンさんはおくさんはありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"ブラウン","gloss":"Brown"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おく","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt4.08.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt4.09","source":"やまださんは お子さんが ありますか。","translation":"Does Mr. Yamada have any children?","reading":"やまださんはおこさんがありますか。","words":[{"text":"やまだ","gloss":"Yamada"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"お","gloss":"children"},{"text":"子","gloss":"children","reading":"こ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"children"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt4.09.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt4.10","source":"ええ、 男の子が 三人 あります。","translation":"Yes, he has three sons.","reading":"ええ、おとこのこがさんにんあります。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"男の子","gloss":"sons"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"にん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt4.10.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt4.11","source":"あなたは 日本人の おともだちが ありますか。","translation":"Do you have any Japanese friends?","reading":"あなたはにほんじんのおともだちがありますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"お","gloss":"friends"},{"text":"ともだち","gloss":"friends"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt4.11.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt4.12","source":"はい、 日本人の ともだちが たくさん あります。","translation":"Yes, I have many Japanese friends.","reading":"はい、にほんじんのともだちがたくさんあります。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ともだち","gloss":"friends"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"たくさん","gloss":"many"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt4.12.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ともだち","gloss":"friend"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Both and neither with things · Pattern 5 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Two kinds of writing","paragraphs":["*かたかなも ひらがなも ならいました* means \"I learned both KATAKANA and HIRAGANA.\"","The affirmative verb makes the two phrases with *も* mean \"both and.\""]},{"title":"Two languages","paragraphs":["*フランス語も ドイツ語も ならいませんでした* means \"I learned neither French nor German.\"","The negative verb makes the pair mean \"neither nor.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt5.01","source":"かたかなも ひらがなも ならいました。","translation":"I learned both KATAKANA and HIRAGANA.","reading":"かたかなもひらがなもならいました。","words":[{"text":"かたかな","gloss":"katakana"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ひらがな","gloss":"hiragana"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ならい","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt5.01.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt5.02","source":"フランス語も ドイツ語も ならいませんでした。","translation":"I learned neither French (language) nor German (language).","reading":"フランスごもドイツごもならいませんでした。","words":[{"text":"フランス","gloss":"French language"},{"text":"語","gloss":"French language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ドイツ","gloss":"German language"},{"text":"語","gloss":"German language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ならい","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt5.02.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt5.03","source":"あのかたは 日本語も えい語も できます。","translation":"That person can speak both Japanese and English.","reading":"あのかたはにほんごもえいごもできます。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that person"},{"text":"かた","gloss":"that person"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese language","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"えい語","gloss":"English language"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"でき","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt5.03.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt5.04","source":"私は わえい字てんも えいわ字てんも 買いました。","translation":"I bought both a Japanese-English dictionary and an English-Japanese dictionary.","reading":"わたくしはわえいじてんもえいわじてんもかいました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"わ","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary"},{"text":"え","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary"},{"text":"い","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary"},{"text":"字","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"てん","gloss":"Japanese-English dictionary"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"え","gloss":"English-Japanese dictionary"},{"text":"いわ","gloss":"English-Japanese dictionary"},{"text":"字","gloss":"English-Japanese dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"てん","gloss":"English-Japanese dictionary"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt5.04.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt5.05","source":"くらたさんは 朝めしも えるめしも たべません。","translation":"Mr. Kurata eats neither breakfast nor lunch.","reading":"くらたさんはあさめしもえるめしもたべません。","words":[{"text":"くら","gloss":"Kurata"},{"text":"た","gloss":"Kurata"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"朝めし","gloss":"breakfast","reading":"あさめし"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"える","gloss":"lunch"},{"text":"めし","gloss":"lunch"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt5.05.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt5.06","source":"ここには えんぴつも はくぼくも あります。","translation":"There are both pencils and chalk here.","reading":"ここにはえんぴつもはくぼくもあります。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencils"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"はく","gloss":"chalk"},{"text":"ぼく","gloss":"chalk"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt5.06.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt5.07","source":"つくえの上には 本も ざっしも ありません。","translation":"There are neither books nor magazines on the desk.","reading":"つくえのうえにはほんもざっしもありません。","words":[{"text":"つくえ","gloss":"desk"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"上","gloss":"top","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"本","gloss":"books","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazines"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt5.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"かたかな","gloss":"KATAKANA syllabary"},{"word":"ひらがな","gloss":"HIRAGANA syllabary"},{"word":"本","gloss":"numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Both and neither with people · Pattern 5 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Both day and night","paragraphs":["*私は 夜も ひるも べんきょうします* means \"I study both day and night.\"","The affirmative verb includes both times marked by *も*."]},{"title":"Neither wife nor children","paragraphs":["*かないも 子どもも 日本語を はなしません* means \"Neither my wife nor my children speak Japanese.\"","The negative verb excludes both people marked by *も*."]}],"lines":[{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt5.08","source":"あなたは スミスさんも ブラウンさんも よびましたか。","translation":"Did you call both Mr. Smith and Mr. Brown?","reading":"あなたはスミスさんもブラウンさんもよびましたか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ブラウン","gloss":"Brown"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"よび","gloss":"call"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt5.08.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt5.09","source":"スミスさんを よびましたが、 ブラウンさんは よびませんでした。","translation":"I called Mr. Smith, but I didn't call Mr. Brown.","reading":"スミスさんをよびましたが、ブラウンさんはよびませんでした。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"よび","gloss":"call"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ブラウン","gloss":"Brown"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よび","gloss":"call"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt5.09.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt5.10","source":"あなたは 夜も ひるも べんきょうしますか。","translation":"Do you study both day and night?","reading":"あなたはよるもひるもべんきょうしますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"夜","gloss":"night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ひる","gloss":"day"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt5.10.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt5.11","source":"はい、 私は 夜も ひるも べんきょうします。","translation":"Yes, I study both day and night.","reading":"はい、わたくしはよるもひるもべんきょうします。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"夜","gloss":"night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ひる","gloss":"day"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt5.11.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt5.12","source":"あなたの おくさんも お子さんも 日本語を はなしますか。","translation":"Do both your wife and your children speak Japanese?","reading":"あなたのおくさんもおこさんもにほんごをはなしますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"おく","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"お","gloss":"children"},{"text":"子","gloss":"children","reading":"こ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"children"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese language","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はなし","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt5.12.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L021.pt5.13","source":"いいえ、 かないも 子どもも 日本語を はなしません。","translation":"No, neither my wife nor my children speak Japanese.","reading":"いいえ、かないもこどももにほんごをはなしません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"かない","gloss":"my wife"},{"text":"も","gloss":"neither"},{"text":"子ども","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"も","gloss":"nor"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はなし","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.pt5.13.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Morning study and school start · Reading Selection 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Study before breakfast","paragraphs":["The passage begins with waking before six and studying until after seven.","*そうすると、 よく おぼえることが できます* means \"When I do that, I can memorize well.\""]},{"title":"School at eight","paragraphs":["*がっこうは 午前 八時に はじまります* means \"School starts at eight o'clock in the morning.\"","The *に* after the hour marks the exact starting time."]}],"lines":[{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L021.rd.001","source":"私は まい朝 六時前に おきます。","translation":"I get up before six o’clock every morning.","reading":"わたくしはまいあさろくじまえにおきます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ま","gloss":"every morning"},{"text":"い","gloss":"every morning"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"every morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six o'clock","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"時","gloss":"six o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"前","gloss":"before","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L021.rd.002","source":"それから、 七時すぎまで ダイアログや かん字を べんきょうします。","translation":"After that, I study dialogs and kanji until after seven o’clock.","reading":"それから、しちじすぎまでダイアログやかんじをべんきょうします。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"after"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven o'clock","reading":"しち"},{"text":"時","gloss":"seven o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"すぎ","gloss":"after"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"ダイアログ","gloss":"dialogs"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L021.rd.003","source":"そうすると、 よく おぼえることが できます。","translation":"When I do that, I can memorize well.","reading":"そうすると、よくおぼえることができます。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that way"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"おぼえる","gloss":"memorize"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"でき","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L021.rd.004","source":"朝はんの 時には、 かないが よびますから、 すぐに たべます。","translation":"My wife calls me for breakfast, so I eat right away.","reading":"あさはんのときには、かないがよびますから、すぐにたべます。","words":[{"text":"朝","gloss":"breakfast","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"はん","gloss":"breakfast"},{"text":"の","gloss":"for"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かない","gloss":"my wife"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よび","gloss":"call"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"right away"},{"text":"に","gloss":"right away"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L021.rd.005","source":"朝はんの あとで、 しんぶんを 読みます。","translation":"After breakfast, I read the newspaper.","reading":"あさはんのあとで、しんぶんをよみます。","words":[{"text":"朝","gloss":"breakfast","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"はん","gloss":"breakfast"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"あと","gloss":"after"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"しんぶん","gloss":"newspaper"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読み","gloss":"read","reading":"よみ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L021.rd.006","source":"がっこうは 午前 八時に はじまります。","translation":"School starts at eight o’clock in the morning.","reading":"がっこうはごぜんはちじにはじまります。","words":[{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"午前","gloss":"morning","reading":"ごぜん"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eight o'clock","reading":"はち"},{"text":"時","gloss":"eight o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"はじまり","gloss":"start"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.rd.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Evening routine and bedtime · Reading Selection 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Supper around five","paragraphs":["School ends at four, and the speaker returns home. *ゆうはんは 五時頃 たべます* means \"I eat supper around five o'clock.\"","In the supper line, *頃* marks five as approximate."]},{"title":"Late every night","paragraphs":["The speaker studies until around eleven. *まいばん おそく やすみます* means \"I go to bed late every night.\"","In the bedtime line, *おそく* means \"late.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L021.rd.007","source":"そして、 午後 四時に おわります。","translation":"And it ends at four o’clock in the afternoon.","reading":"そして、ごごよじにおわります。","words":[{"text":"そして、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"午後","gloss":"afternoon"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four o'clock"},{"text":"時","gloss":"four o'clock"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"おわり","gloss":"end"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L021.rd.008","source":"大てい、 それから すぐ うちへ かえります。","translation":"I usually go home right after that.","reading":"たいてい、それからすぐうちへかえります。","words":[{"text":"大てい、","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"から","gloss":"after"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"right away"},{"text":"うち","gloss":"home"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"かえり","gloss":"return"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L021.rd.009","source":"ゆうはんは 五時頃 たべます。","translation":"I eat supper around five o’clock.","reading":"ゆうはんはごじごろたべます。","words":[{"text":"ゆう","gloss":"supper"},{"text":"はん","gloss":"supper"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"五","gloss":"five o'clock"},{"text":"時","gloss":"five o'clock"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L021.rd.010","source":"あとで 子どもたちと 七時すぎまで あそびます。","translation":"Afterward, I play with the children until after seven o’clock.","reading":"あとでこどもたちとしちじすぎまであそびます。","words":[{"text":"あと","gloss":"after"},{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"子ども","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"plural"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven o'clock","reading":"しち"},{"text":"時","gloss":"seven o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"すぎ","gloss":"after"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"play"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L021.rd.011","source":"それから 十一時頃まで べんきょうしますから、 まいばん おそく やすみます。","translation":"Then I study until around eleven o’clock, so I go to bed late every night.","reading":"それからじゅういちじごろまでべんきょうしますから、まいばんおそくやすみます。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"から","gloss":"after"},{"text":"十","gloss":"eleven o'clock"},{"text":"一","gloss":"eleven o'clock"},{"text":"時","gloss":"eleven o'clock"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"まいばん","gloss":"every night"},{"text":"おそく","gloss":"late"},{"text":"やすみ","gloss":"go to bed"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.rd.011.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Morning routine questions · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Morning times and reasons","paragraphs":["The questions ask for exact times, approximate times, actions, and reasons in the morning routine.","*私は まい朝 何時に おきますか* means \"What time do I get up every morning?\" An answer gives the waking time."]}],"lines":[{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L021.q.001","source":"私は まい朝 何時に おきますか。","translation":"What time do I get up every morning?","reading":"わたくしはまいあさなんじにおきますか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ま","gloss":"every morning"},{"text":"い","gloss":"every morning"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"every morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"何時","gloss":"what time","reading":"なんじ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.q.001.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L021.q.002","source":"朝はんを 何時頃 たべますか。","translation":"Around what time do I eat breakfast?","reading":"あさはんをなんじごろたべますか。","words":[{"text":"朝","gloss":"breakfast","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"はん","gloss":"breakfast"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"何時頃","gloss":"around what time","reading":"なんじごろ"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.q.002.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L021.q.003","source":"朝はんの 前に 何をしますか。","translation":"What do I do before breakfast?","reading":"あさはんのまえになにをしますか。","words":[{"text":"朝","gloss":"breakfast","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"はん","gloss":"breakfast"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"前","gloss":"before","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.q.003.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L021.q.004","source":"なぜ 朝めしの 前に べんきょうしますか。","translation":"Why do I study before breakfast?","reading":"なぜあさめしのまえにべんきょうしますか。","words":[{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"朝めし","gloss":"breakfast","reading":"あさめし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"前","gloss":"before","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.q.004.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L021.q.005","source":"朝めしの あとで 何を しますか。","translation":"What do I do after breakfast?","reading":"あさめしのあとでなにをしますか。","words":[{"text":"朝めし","gloss":"breakfast","reading":"あさめし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"あと","gloss":"after"},{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.q.005.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L021.q.006","source":"がっこうは 何時に はじまりますか。","translation":"What time does school start?","reading":"がっこうはなんじにはじまりますか。","words":[{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what time","reading":"なん"},{"text":"時","gloss":"what time","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"はじまり","gloss":"start"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.q.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"School and evening routine · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"School, supper, and bedtime","paragraphs":["The questions ask about time at school, supper, evening activity, study, and the reason for a late bedtime.","*夜 何時頃まで べんきょうしますか* means \"Until about what time do I study at night?\" An answer gives an approximate finishing time."]}],"lines":[{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L021.q.007","source":"まい日 何時間 がっこうに 居ますか。","translation":"How many hours am I at school every day?","reading":"まいにちなんじかんがっこうにいますか。","words":[{"text":"まい日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"居","gloss":"be present","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.q.007.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L021.q.008","source":"ゆうはんは はやく たべますか。","translation":"Do I eat supper early?","reading":"ゆうはんははやくたべますか。","words":[{"text":"ゆう","gloss":"supper"},{"text":"はん","gloss":"supper"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"はやく","gloss":"early"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.q.008.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L021.q.009","source":"がっこうは 何時に おわりますか。","translation":"What time does school end?","reading":"がっこうはなんじにおわりますか。","words":[{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what time","reading":"なん"},{"text":"時","gloss":"what time","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"おわり","gloss":"end"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.q.009.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L021.q.010","source":"ゆうはんの あとで 何を しますか。","translation":"What do I do after supper?","reading":"ゆうはんのあとでなにをしますか。","words":[{"text":"ゆう","gloss":"supper"},{"text":"はん","gloss":"supper"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"あと","gloss":"after"},{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.q.010.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L021.q.011","source":"夜 何時頃まで べんきょうしますか。","translation":"Until about what time do I study at night?","reading":"よるなんじごろまでべんきょうしますか。","words":[{"text":"夜","gloss":"at night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"何時頃","gloss":"around what time","reading":"なんじごろ"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.q.011.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L021.q.012","source":"なぜ おそく やすみますか。","translation":"Why do I go to bed late?","reading":"なぜおそくやすみますか。","words":[{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"おそく","gloss":"late"},{"text":"やすみ","gloss":"go to bed"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.q.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Meals and times of day · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Meals and times of day","paragraphs":["These words name meals and the main divisions of the day.","*朝めし* and *朝はん* both mean \"breakfast.\" *午後* means \"p.m., afternoon.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.001","source":"朝","translation":"morning","reading":"あさ","words":[{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.001.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.002","source":"まい朝","translation":"every morning","reading":"まいあさ","words":[{"text":"まい朝","gloss":"every morning","reading":"まいあさ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.002.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.003","source":"朝めし","translation":"breakfast","reading":"あさめし","words":[{"text":"朝めし","gloss":"breakfast","reading":"あさめし"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.003.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.004","source":"朝はん","translation":"breakfast","reading":"あさはん","words":[{"text":"朝はん","gloss":"breakfast","reading":"あさはん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.004.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.005","source":"夜","translation":"night, evening","reading":"よる","words":[{"text":"夜","gloss":"night; evening","reading":"よる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.005.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.006","source":"ばん","translation":"evening, night","reading":"ばん","words":[{"text":"ばん","gloss":"evening; night"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.006.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.007","source":"ひるめし","translation":"lunch, noon meal","reading":"ひるめし","words":[{"text":"ひるめし","gloss":"lunch"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.007.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.008","source":"ひるはん","translation":"lunch, noon meal","reading":"ひるはん","words":[{"text":"ひるはん","gloss":"lunch"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.008.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.009","source":"ゆうはん","translation":"supper, evening meal","reading":"ゆうはん","words":[{"text":"ゆうはん","gloss":"supper"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.009.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.010","source":"午前","translation":"a.m., morning","reading":"ごぜん","words":[{"text":"午前","gloss":"morning","reading":"ごぜん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.010.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.011","source":"午後","translation":"p.m., afternoon","reading":"ごご","words":[{"text":"午後","gloss":"afternoon","reading":"ごご"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.011.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.012","source":"前","translation":"before, front","reading":"まえ","words":[{"text":"前","gloss":"before; in front","reading":"まえ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"まい朝","gloss":"every morning"},{"word":"朝はん","gloss":"breakfast"},{"word":"ひるはん","gloss":"lunch, noon meal"},{"word":"ゆうはん","gloss":"supper, evening meal"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Home, study and school verbs · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Home, family, and study","paragraphs":["These words cover home, family, study, and school actions.","*おぼえる* means \"to memorize, remember.\" With *はじまる*, something starts. With *はじめる*, someone starts something."]}],"lines":[{"number":159,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.013","source":"うち","translation":"home, house","reading":"うち","words":[{"text":"うち","gloss":"home; house"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.013.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.014","source":"ダイアログ","translation":"dialogue","reading":"ダイアログ","words":[{"text":"ダイアログ","gloss":"dialogue"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.014.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.015","source":"時","translation":"time","reading":"とき","words":[{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.015.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.016","source":"うでどけい","translation":"wristwatch","reading":"うでどけい","words":[{"text":"うでどけい","gloss":"wristwatch"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.016.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.017","source":"お子さん","translation":"child, children","reading":"おこさん","words":[{"text":"お子さん","gloss":"child; children","reading":"おこさん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.017.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.018","source":"おきる","translation":"to rise, get up (v.i.)","reading":"おきる","words":[{"text":"おきる","gloss":"get up"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.018.m4a"},{"number":165,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.019","source":"べんきょうする","translation":"to study (v.t.)","reading":"べんきょうする","words":[{"text":"べんきょうする","gloss":"study"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.019.m4a"},{"number":166,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.020","source":"よぶ","translation":"to call (v.t.)","reading":"よぶ","words":[{"text":"よぶ","gloss":"call"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.020.m4a"},{"number":167,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.021","source":"おぼえる","translation":"to memorize, remember (v.t.)","reading":"おぼえる","words":[{"text":"おぼえる","gloss":"memorize; remember"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.021.m4a"},{"number":168,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.022","source":"はじまる","translation":"begins, starts (v.i.)","reading":"はじまる","words":[{"text":"はじまる","gloss":"begin; start"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.022.m4a"},{"number":169,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.023","source":"おわる","translation":"ends (v.i.)","reading":"おわる","words":[{"text":"おわる","gloss":"end"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.023.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.024","source":"はじめる","translation":"to begin, to start (v.t)","reading":"はじめる","words":[{"text":"はじめる","gloss":"begin; start"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"うでどけい","gloss":"wristwatch"},{"word":"お子さん","gloss":"child, children"},{"word":"べんきょうする","gloss":"to study (v.t.)"},{"word":"よぶ","gloss":"to call (v.t.)"},{"word":"はじまる","gloss":"begins, starts (v.i.)"},{"word":"おわる","gloss":"ends (v.i.)"},{"word":"はじめる","gloss":"to begin, to start (v.t)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Time and sequence words · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Time, sequence, and both or neither","paragraphs":["These words cover sequence, exact and approximate time, manner, and doing both or neither.","*に* means \"at.\" The pair *---も---も します* and *---も---も しません* contrasts doing both with doing neither."]}],"lines":[{"number":171,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.025","source":"やすむ","translation":"to rest, to retire (v.i.)","reading":"やすむ","words":[{"text":"やすむ","gloss":"rest; retire"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.025.m4a"},{"number":172,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.026","source":"あそぶ","translation":"to play (v.i.)","reading":"あそぶ","words":[{"text":"あそぶ","gloss":"play"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.026.m4a"},{"number":173,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.027","source":"に","translation":"at (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"に","words":[{"text":"に","gloss":"at"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.027.m4a"},{"number":174,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.028","source":"よく","translation":"well, thoroughly, often (adverbial form of YOI) (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"よく","words":[{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.028.m4a"},{"number":175,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.029","source":"おそく","translation":"late (adverbial form of OSOI, be late, be slow)","reading":"おそく","words":[{"text":"おそく","gloss":"late"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.029.m4a"},{"number":176,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.030","source":"---すぎ","translation":"past, after","reading":"---すぎ","words":[{"text":"---すぎ","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.030.m4a"},{"number":177,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.031","source":"七時すぎ","translation":"past seven o'clock","reading":"しちじすぎ","words":[{"text":"七時すぎ","gloss":"past seven o'clock","reading":"しちじすぎ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.031.m4a"},{"number":178,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.032","source":"何時","translation":"what time","reading":"なんじ","words":[{"text":"何時","gloss":"what time","reading":"なんじ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.032.m4a"},{"number":179,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.033","source":"頃","translation":"approximate point of time (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"ごろ","words":[{"text":"頃","gloss":"around","reading":"ごろ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.033.m4a"},{"number":180,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.034","source":"後で","translation":"after, afterwards","reading":"あとで","words":[{"text":"後で","gloss":"afterwards","reading":"あとで"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.034.m4a"},{"number":181,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.035","source":"---も---も します","translation":"do both --- and (See Grammar Notes","reading":"---も---もします","words":[{"text":"---も---もします","gloss":"do both"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.035.m4a"},{"number":182,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.036","source":"---も---も しません","translation":"do neither -- nor (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"---も---もしません","words":[{"text":"---も---もしません","gloss":"do neither"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.036.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"やすむ","gloss":"to rest, to retire (v.i.)"},{"word":"あそぶ","gloss":"to play (v.i.)"},{"word":"---すぎ","gloss":"past, after"},{"word":"七時すぎ","gloss":"past seven o'clock"},{"word":"後で","gloss":"after, afterwards"},{"word":"---も---もします","gloss":"do both --- and (See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"---も---もしません","gloss":"do neither -- nor (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Daily schedule and reading habits · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Schedules and reading habits","paragraphs":["These model expressions join time phrases to daily actions and reading habits.","*私は 十二時頃 ひるめしを たべます* means \"I eat lunch at around twelve o'clock.\"","*私は 朝 はやく おきます* means \"I get up early in the morning.\"","*私は 夜 しんぶんも ざっしも 読みません* means \"I read neither newspapers nor magazines at night.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":183,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.037","source":"すぐ","translation":"right away, immediately","reading":"すぐ","words":[{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.037.m4a"},{"number":184,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.038","source":"がっこうは 午前八時に はじまります。","translation":"The school starts at eight a.m.","reading":"がっこうはごぜんはちじにはじまります。","words":[{"text":"がっこうは午前八時にはじまります。","gloss":"school starts at eight","reading":"がっこうはごぜんはちじにはじまります。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.038.m4a"},{"number":185,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.039","source":"がっこうは 午後四時に おわります。","translation":"The school ends at four p.m.","reading":"がっこうはごごよじにおわります。","words":[{"text":"がっこうは午後四時におわります。","gloss":"school ends at four","reading":"がっこうはごごよじにおわります。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.039.m4a"},{"number":186,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.040","source":"私は 十二時頃 ひるめしを たべます。","translation":"I eat lunch at around twelve o'clock.","reading":"わたくしはじゅうにじごろひるめしをたべます。","words":[{"text":"私は十二時頃ひるめしをたべます。","gloss":"eat lunch around twelve","reading":"わたくしはじゅうにじごろひるめしをたべます。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.040.m4a"},{"number":187,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.041","source":"私は 朝 はやく おきます。","translation":"I get up early in the morning.","reading":"わたくしはあさはやくおきます。","words":[{"text":"私は朝はやくおきます。","gloss":"rise early each morning","reading":"わたくしはあさはやくおきます。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.041.m4a"},{"number":188,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.042","source":"私は 夜 おそく やすみます。","translation":"I retire late at night.","reading":"わたくしはよるおそくやすみます。","words":[{"text":"私は夜おそくやすみます。","gloss":"retire late at night","reading":"わたくしはよるおそくやすみます。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.042.m4a"},{"number":189,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.043","source":"私は べんきょうの 後で すぐ やすみます。","translation":"I retire right after studying.","reading":"わたくしはべんきょうのあとですぐやすみます。","words":[{"text":"私はべんきょうの後ですぐやすみます。","gloss":"retire right after studying","reading":"わたくしはべんきょうのあとですぐやすみます。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.043.m4a"},{"number":190,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.044","source":"かん字や ダイアログを おぼえると、 時間が かかります。","translation":"When I memorize Kanji and a dialogue, it takes time.","reading":"かんじやダイアログをおぼえると、じかんがかかります。","words":[{"text":"かん字やダイアログをおぼえると、時間がかかります。","gloss":"memorizing them takes time","reading":"かんじやダイアログをおぼえると、じかんがかかります。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.044.m4a"},{"number":191,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.045","source":"ダイアログを おぼえると、 夜 かなり おそくなります。","translation":"When I memorize a dialogue, it gets fairly late at night.","reading":"ダイアログをおぼえると、よるかなりおそくなります。","words":[{"text":"ダイアログをおぼえると、夜かなりおそくなります。","gloss":"it gets fairly late","reading":"ダイアログをおぼえると、よるかなりおそくなります。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.045.m4a"},{"number":192,"id":"ja.dli.L021.w.046","source":"私は 夜 しんぶんも ざっしも 読みません。","translation":"I read neither newspapers nor magazines at night.","reading":"わたくしはよるしんぶんもざっしもよみません。","words":[{"text":"私は夜しんぶんもざっしも読みません。","gloss":"read neither at night","reading":"わたくしはよるしんぶんもざっしもよみません。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L021.w.046.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"がっこうは午前八時にはじまります。","gloss":"\"The school starts at eight a.m.\""},{"word":"がっこうは午後四時におわります。","gloss":"\"The school ends at four p.m.\""},{"word":"私は十二時頃ひるめしをたべます。","gloss":"\"I eat lunch at around twelve o'clock.\""},{"word":"私は朝はやくおきます。","gloss":"\"I get up early in the morning.\""},{"word":"私は夜おそくやすみます。","gloss":"\"I retire late at night.\""},{"word":"私はべんきょうの後ですぐやすみます。","gloss":"\"I retire right after studying.\""},{"word":"かん字やダイアログをおぼえると、時間がかかります。","gloss":"\"When I memorize Kanji and a dialogue, it takes time.\""},{"word":"ダイアログをおぼえると、夜かなりおそくなります。","gloss":"\"When I memorize a dialogue, it gets fairly late at night.\""},{"word":"私は夜しんぶんもざっしも読みません。","gloss":"\"I read neither newspapers nor magazines at night.\""}],"paradigms":[]}]}