{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L022","title":"Lesson 22","stage":"Sounds, kana, and the first conversations","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 22: watching a language class · dialogue 1 of 3, reading, teacher instructions and difficulties · dialogue 3 of 3, making polite classroom requests · perception drill, asking about current activities · perception drill, reporting what people said · perception drill, ways of doing things · perception drill, polite requests and commands · pattern 1 1 of 3, accepting and carrying out requests · pattern 1 2 of 3, action verbs for requests · pattern 1 3 of 3, describing ongoing activities · pattern 2 1 of 3, asking what is happening · pattern 2 2 of 3, changing actions to ongoing forms · pattern 2 3 of 3, quoting statements and instructions · pattern 3 1 of 2, reporting plans and invitations · pattern 3 2 of 2, asking how things are done · pattern 4 1 of 2, study methods and duration · pattern 4 2 of 2, a busy language classroom · reading selection 1 of 2, translation and self-study · reading selection 2 of 2, questions about language study · questions, conversation and language skills · word list 1 of 3, study and correction words · word list 2 of 3, classroom phrases and study habits · word list 3 of 3.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/22","lines":187},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/21","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/23","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Watching a language class · Dialogue 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Inside a language class","paragraphs":["A visitor asks, *日本語の きょうしつを 見せてください*, \"Please show me a Japanese language classroom.\" The reply is *はい、 かしこまりました*, \"Yes, certainly.\""]},{"title":"What people are doing","paragraphs":["Listen for *しています* in *かれらは 今 かいわの れんしゅうを しています*, \"They are now practicing conversation.\" It describes an action in progress.","The request ends in *見せてください*, \"please show me.\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 今, 生, 徒, 先","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 間","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L022.dlg.001","source":"日本語の きょうしつを 見せてください。","translation":"Please show me a Japanese language classroom.","reading":"にほんごのきょうしつをみせてください。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"きょうしつ","gloss":"classroom"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見せ","gloss":"show","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"show"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L022.dlg.002","source":"はい、 かしこまりました。","translation":"Yes, certainly.","reading":"はい、かしこまりました。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"かしこまり","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"certainly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L022.dlg.003","source":"この 生徒たちは 今 何を していますか。","translation":"What are these students doing now?","reading":"このせいとたちはいまなにをしていますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"these"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"students"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"are doing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are doing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are doing"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are doing"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L022.dlg.004","source":"かれらは 今 かいわの れんしゅうを しています。","translation":"They are now practicing conversation.","reading":"かれらはいまかいわのれんしゅうをしています。","words":[{"text":"かれ","gloss":"they"},{"text":"ら","gloss":"they"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"か","gloss":"conversation"},{"text":"いわ","gloss":"conversation"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"れんしゅう","gloss":"practice"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"are practicing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are practicing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are practicing"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"are practicing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L022.dlg.005","source":"先生は 何を していますか。","translation":"What is the teacher doing?","reading":"せんせいはなにをしていますか。","words":[{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"is doing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is doing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is doing"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is doing"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L022.dlg.006","source":"生徒たちの そばで きいています。 そして、 間ちがいが あると、 すぐ 後で なおします。","translation":"He is listening to the students. And if there are any mistakes, he corrects them immediately afterward.","reading":"せいとたちのそばできいています。そして、まちがいがあると、すぐあとでなおします。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"students"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"そば","gloss":"nearby"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"きい","gloss":"is listening"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is listening"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is listening"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is listening"},{"text":"そして、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"間ちがい","gloss":"mistake","reading":"まちがい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"後","gloss":"after","reading":"あと"},{"text":"で","gloss":"after"},{"text":"なおし","gloss":"correct"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"TE-ending of verbs\n\nThere are three (3) classes of verbs--consonant (regular) verbs, vowel verbs (semi-regular), and irregular verbs--, and they are all inflected and their endings change according to certain uses as was briefly described in Lesson 14.\n\nOne of the endings is called TE-ending. The formation of TE-endings differs depending on the classes of verbs. Below are some models showing the formation of TE-endings for each class of verbs:\n\nConsonant verbs (Regular verbs)\n\nThe roots of consonant verbs end in one of the following nine (9) consonants: --K, --S, --T, --R, --(W), --B, --M, --N, and --G. Therefore, their basic endings end in one of the following nine (9) different syllables:\n\n| | | | \n--KU く | --SU す | --TSU つ | --RU る | --U う\n--BU ぶ | --MU む | --NU ぬ | --GU ぐ |\n\nNotice that the consonant W does not occur in front of U. It occurs only in front of A as in WA. Thus, there are nine (9) different groups of consonant verbs. The following table shows the TE-ending of each group.\n\nConsonant Root | Basic ending | TE-ending | Examples: Basic ending | Examples: TE-ending\n- K - | -KU(-く) | - ITE * | KAKU (書く) 'to write' | KAITE (書いて)\n- S - | -SU(す) | - ITE | HANASU(はなす) 'to speak' | HANASHITE (はなして)\n- T - | -TSU(つ) | - TTE | TATSU(たつ) 'to stand' | TATTE (たって)\n- R - | -RU(る)** | -TTE | TORU(とる) 'to take' | TOTTE (とって)\n-(W)- | -U(う) | - TTE | NARAU(ならう) 'to learn' | NARATTE(ならって)\n- B - | -BU(ぶ) | -NDE | YOBU(よぶ) 'to call' | YONDE(よんで)\n- M - | -MU(む) | -NDE | YOMU(読む) 'to read' | YONDE(読んで)\n- N - | -NU(ぬ) | -NDE | SHINU(しぬ) 'to die' | SHINDE(しんで)\n- G - | -GU(ぐ) | -IDE | KAGU(かぐ) 'to smell' | KAIDE(かいで)\n\n* One exception to this rule is the TE-ending of the verb IKU ( 行く ) 'to go.' The TE-ending of the verb IKU ( 行く ) 'to go' is ITTE ( 行って ).\n\n** Most verbs whose basic endings end in -ERU or -IRU belong to the class of vowel verbs. The -ERU and -IRU\n\nverbs that inflect as consonant verbs are not too many. So, just learn them as they occur.\n\nVowel verbs (semi-regular verbs)\n\nThe basic ending of all vowel verbs ends in either -ERU or -IRU. The following table shows the TE-ending of vowel verbs:\n\nBasic ending | Conjunctive ending | TE-ending | Examples: Basic ending | Examples: TE-ending\n-ERU | - E - | - ETE | TABERU (たべる) 'to eat' | TABETE (たべて)\n-IRU | - I - | -ITE | MIRU (見る) 'to see' | MITE (見て)\n\n* Notice that the TE-ending of vowel verbs is formed by placing TE after the conjunctive ending.\n\nTE-ending of the irregular verbs KURU 'to come' and SURU 'to do.'\n\nIrregular Verbs in the Basic Ending | Conjunctive Ending | TE-ending\nKURU | KI - | KITE\nSURU | SHI - | SHITE"},{"section":2,"text":"Learning the forms of TE-endings\n\nIn order for you to be able to make up the proper TE-ending of a new consonant or vowel verb you hear, you will want to compare it with a verb you already know and make its TE-ending by analogy, using the old verb for a model."},{"section":3,"text":"Use of TE-endings\n\nThe TE-ending of verbs is used in many different ways. (a) It is used alone at the end of a clause. (b) It is used with certain particles. (c) It is also used in verb phrases with some form of certain verbs. The TE-ending does not indicate the tense of its own, but takes on the mood of the following or final verb. Uses of the TE-ending will be dealt with as they occur in the course."},{"section":4,"text":"TE-ending of verbs plus KUDASAI\n\nThe TE-ending of verbs is used before KUDASAI, 'please,' to make a polite request, e.g.,\n\nANATA NO NAMAE O KAITE KUDASAI. \"Please write your name.\"\n\nMADO O AKETE KUDASAI. \"Please open the window.\"\n\nYOKU BENKYOOSHITE KUDASAI. \"Please study hard.\""},{"section":5,"text":"TE-ending of verbs plus IMASU\n\nThe TE-ending of verbs is used before some form of the verb IMASU to express, among other things, the notion of the progressive tense 'is (do)ing,' e.g.,\n\nANO KATA WA NIPPONGO O HANASHITE IMASU. \"He is speaking Japanese.\"\n\nWATAKUSHI WA ASAHAN O TABETE IMASHITA. \"I was eating breakfast.\"\n\nNANNIMO SHITE IMASEN. \"I am not doing anything.\""},{"section":6,"text":"Quoting particle TO\n\nIn Lesson 15 the use of the quoting particle TO before the verb IIMASU to indicate what is said, called, or named was briefly described, e.g.,\n\nKONO PEN WA PAAKAA TO IIMASU. \"This pen is called Parker.\"\n\nIn English what somebody says, asks, thinks, believes, writes, etc., can be quoted directly by quoting his exact words or indirectly by giving the gist of what he says, e.g.,\n\nKelley said, \"I am going to town.\"\n\nKelley said that he would go to town.\n\nIn Japanese both these sentences are treated the\n\nsame way:\n\nKERII-SAN WA MACHI E IKU TO IIMASHITA.\n\nThus, the particle TO indicates that what precedes TO is a quotation, either direct or indirect. Before the quoting particle TO, a plain form is commonly used, but sometimes the polite form is used, especially if the speaker is trying to quote the exact words, e.g.,\n\nKERII-SAN WA MACHI E IKIMASU TO IIMASHITA.\n\nIn order not to confuse with the particle TO meaning 'and', or with the particle TO meaning 'if or when', the Japanese often pronounce the quoting particle TO with a special high pitch, pausing slightly before and sometimes after the particle, e.g.,\n\nTSUKUE NO UE NI HON TO ENPITSU GA ARIMASU. \"There are books and pencils on the desk.\"\n\nNI NI SAN O TASU TO, GO NI NARIMASU. \"If you add 3 to 2, it becomes 5.\"\n\nASAHI TO IU SHINBUN O YONDE IMASU. \"I am reading a paper called 'ASAHI'.\"\n\nTANAKA-SAN WA HAYAKU KAERU TO IIMASHITA. \"Mr. Tanaka said that he would go home early.\""},{"section":7,"text":"Conjunctive ending of verbs plus KATA.\n\nThere are a large number of compound nouns in Japanese. A compound noun consists of two or more parts. The conjunctive ending may be used as the first member of compound nouns. In this lesson, the noun KATA, 'method, way,' is used as the second member of compound nouns, e.g.,\n\nClass | Basic ending | Conjunctive ending | Compound noun with KATA as the second member | Meaning\nConsonant Verbs | IKU | IKI- | IKIKATA | how to go\nConsonant Verbs | HANASU | HANASHI- | HANASHIKATA | how to speak\nConsonant Verbs | TATSU | TACHI- | TACHIKATA | how to stand\nConsonant Verbs | TORU | TORI- | TORIKATA | how to take\nConsonant Verbs | NARAU | NARAI- | NARAIKATA | how to learn\nConsonant Verbs | YOBU | YOBI- | YOBIKATA | how to call\nConsonant Verbs | YOMU | YOMI- | YOMIKATA | how to read\nConsonant Verbs | SHINU | SHINI- | SHINIKATA | how to die\nVowel Verbs | OSHIERU | OSHIE- | OSHIEKATA | how to teach\nVowel Verbs | MIRU | MI- | MIKATA | how to see\nIrregular Verbs | KURU | KI- | KIKATA | how to come\nIrregular Verbs | SURU | SHI- | SHIKATA | how to do"},{"section":8,"text":"NANJI means 'what time' and NANJIKAN means 'how many hours.'\n\nPoint of time | | Duration of time | \nNANJI | 'What time' | NANJIKAN | 'how many hours'\nICHIJI | '1 o'clock' | ICHIJIKAN | '1 hour'\nYOJI | '4 o'clock' | YOJIKAN | '4 hours'\nJUUJI | '10 o'clock | JUUJIKAN | '10 hours'"},{"section":9,"text":"GORO and GURAI\n\nAs was described in Lesson 21, GORO indicates an approximate point of time. But to indicate an approximate duration of time, the word GURAI is used. Compare the following examples:\n\nGORO | GURAI\nNANJI GORO 'about what time' | NANJIKAN GURAI 'about how many hours'\nICHIJI GORO 'about 1 o'clock' | ICHIJIKAN GURAI 'about 1 hour'\nSANJI HAN GORO 'about 3:30' | SANJIKAN HAN GURAI 'about 3½ hours'\nGOJI JUUGOFUN GORO 'about 5:15' | GOJIKAN TO JUU GOFUN GURAI 'about 5 hours and 15 minutes'"}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"ください。","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"そば","gloss":"vicinity"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"間ちがい","gloss":"mistake, error"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"すぐ","gloss":"right away, immediately"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Reading, writing and translating · Dialogue 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"What every student practices","paragraphs":["One student reads while others write kanji. *生徒は みんな 読み方と 書き方の けいこを しますか* asks whether everyone practices reading and writing."]},{"title":"Ways and duration","paragraphs":["In *まい日 一時間ぐらい 読み方と 書き方の けいこを します*, *読み方* and *書き方* name ways of reading and writing.","*一時間ぐらい* means \"about one hour.\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 方, 書, 々","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L022.dlg.007","source":"そっちの きょうしつの 生徒たちは 何をしていますか。","translation":"What are the students in that classroom doing?","reading":"そっちのきょうしつのせいとたちはなにをしていますか。","words":[{"text":"そっち","gloss":"that way"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"きょうしつ","gloss":"classroom"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"students"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"are doing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are doing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are doing"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are doing"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L022.dlg.008","source":"一人の 生徒は 本を ゆっくり 読んでいますが、 ほかの 生徒は こくばんに かん字を 書いて います。","translation":"One of the students is reading the book slowly, and the other students are writing KANJI on the blackboard.","reading":"ひとりのせいとはほんをゆっくりよんでいますが、ほかのせいとはこくばんにかんじをかいています。","words":[{"text":"一人","gloss":"one person","reading":"ひとり"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ゆっくり","gloss":"slowly"},{"text":"読ん","gloss":"is reading","reading":"よん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is reading"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is reading"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is reading"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ほか","gloss":"others"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"こくばん","gloss":"blackboard"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"are writing","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are writing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are writing"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"are writing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L022.dlg.009","source":"生徒は みんな 読み方と 書き方の けいこを しますか。","translation":"Do all the students practice how to read and how to write?","reading":"せいとはみんなよみかたとかきかたのけいこをしますか。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"みんな","gloss":"all"},{"text":"読み","gloss":"how to read","reading":"よみ"},{"text":"方","gloss":"how to read","reading":"かた"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"how to write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"方","gloss":"how to write","reading":"かた"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"けいこ","gloss":"practice"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L022.dlg.010","source":"はい、 まい日 一時間ぐらい 読み方と 書き方の けいこを します。","translation":"Yes, they practice how to read and how to write about one hour everyday.","reading":"はい、まいにちいちじかんぐらいよみかたとかきかたのけいこをします。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"まい日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hour","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"読み","gloss":"how to read","reading":"よみ"},{"text":"方","gloss":"how to read","reading":"かた"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"how to write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"方","gloss":"how to write","reading":"かた"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"けいこ","gloss":"practice"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L022.dlg.011","source":"えいやくも わやくも しますか。","translation":"Do they also do the Japanese into English translation and the English into Japanese translation?","reading":"えいやくもわやくもしますか。","words":[{"text":"えいや","gloss":"English translation"},{"text":"くも","gloss":"English translation too"},{"text":"わ","gloss":"Japanese translation"},{"text":"やく","gloss":"Japanese translation"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L022.dlg.012","source":"はい、 れんしゅうもんだいが ありますから、 時々 やくします。","translation":"Yes, there are drill problems, so they translate sometimes.","reading":"はい、れんしゅうもんだいがありますから、ときどきやくします。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"れんしゅう","gloss":"drill"},{"text":"もんだい","gloss":"problems"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"やくし","gloss":"translate"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"そっち","gloss":"than one"},{"word":"一人","gloss":"one person"},{"word":"本","gloss":"numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)"},{"word":"ゆっくり","gloss":"slowly; deliberately; leisurely"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"みんな","gloss":"all"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"けいこ","gloss":"practice"},{"word":"まい日","gloss":"everyday"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"やく","gloss":"approximately (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Teacher instructions and difficulties · Dialogue 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"The teacher's instruction","paragraphs":["The teacher addresses the students. *先生は 生徒たちに 「せきへ かえってください」と 言いました* reports the instruction \"Please return to your seats.\""]},{"title":"The marker after reported words","paragraphs":["In that line, *と* marks *せきへ かえってください* as the teacher's words before *言いました*, \"said.\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 使","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L022.dlg.013","source":"今、先生が 生徒に 何か 言いましたね。","translation":"The teacher said something to the students just now, didn't he?","reading":"いま、せんせいがせいとになにかいいましたね。","words":[{"text":"今、","gloss":"just now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"何","gloss":"something","reading":"なに"},{"text":"か","gloss":"something"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"say","reading":"いい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L022.dlg.014","source":"先生は 生徒たちに 「せきへ かえってください」と 言いました。","translation":"He told the students, \"Please return to your seats.","reading":"せんせいはせいとたちに「せきへかえってください」といいました。","words":[{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"students"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"「せき","gloss":"seats"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"かえって","gloss":"return"},{"text":"ください」","gloss":"please"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"say","reading":"いい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L022.dlg.015","source":"ある 生徒は 先生の しつもんに こたえる ことが できませんね。","translation":"Some students cannot answer the teacher's questions, can they?","reading":"あるせいとはせんせいのしつもんにこたえることができませんね。","words":[{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"しつもん","gloss":"questions"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"こたえる","gloss":"answer"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"でき","gloss":"cannot"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"cannot"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"cannot"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L022.dlg.016","source":"はい、 その 時には、 先生は ほかの 生徒に おなじ しつもんを します。","translation":"No, in that case the teacher asks the same question to another student.","reading":"はい、そのときには、せんせいはほかのせいとにおなじしつもんをします。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ほか","gloss":"other"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"おなじ","gloss":"same"},{"text":"しつもん","gloss":"question"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"ask"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L022.dlg.017","source":"日本語の かいわで 生徒には 何が 一番むずかしいですか。","translation":"What is most difficult for the students in the Japanese language conversation?","reading":"にほんごのかいわでせいとにはなにがいちばんむずかしいですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"か","gloss":"conversation"},{"text":"いわ","gloss":"conversation"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L022.dlg.018","source":"じょし と どうしの 使い方が 一番むずかしいです。","translation":"Usage of particles and verbs is the most difficult.","reading":"じょしとどうしのつかいかたがいちばんむずかしいです。","words":[{"text":"じょし","gloss":"particles"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"verbs"},{"text":"し","gloss":"verbs"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"使い","gloss":"usage","reading":"つかい"},{"text":"方","gloss":"usage","reading":"かた"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"「せき","gloss":"seat"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ください」","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"こたえる","gloss":"to answer (v.i.)"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"おなじ","gloss":"the same (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"一番","gloss":"number one (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"word":"じょし","gloss":"particle"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Making polite classroom requests · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"Forming the TE-ending","paragraphs":["*あなたの おなまえを こくばんに 書いてください* means \"Please write your name on the blackboard.\" *書く* becomes the TE-ending *書いて*.","Consonant verbs change by their last syllable. *とる* becomes *とって*. Vowel verbs add *て* to their conjunctive ending.","The irregular verbs *KURU* and *SURU* have *KITE* and *SHITE*."]},{"title":"A polite request","paragraphs":["A TE-ending followed by *ください* makes a polite request. *その えんぴつを とってください* means \"Please take that pencil.\"","*まどを あけてください* means \"Please open the window.\" The TE-ending *あけて* comes before *ください*."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp1.01","source":"あなたの おなまえを こくばんに 書いてください。","translation":"Please write your name on the blackboard.","reading":"あなたのおなまえをこくばんにかいてください。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"なまえ","gloss":"name"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"こくばん","gloss":"blackboard"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"write"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp1.02","source":"はい、 書きます。","translation":"Yes, I will.","reading":"はい、かきます。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp1.03","source":"その えんぴつを とってください。 それから、 それを 私の つくえの上に おいてください。","translation":"Please take that pencil. Then put it on my desk.","reading":"そのえんぴつをとってください。それから、それをわたくしのつくえのうえにおいてください。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"take"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"then"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"it"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"私","gloss":"me","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"つくえ","gloss":"desk"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"上","gloss":"top","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"おい","gloss":"put"},{"text":"て","gloss":"put"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp1.04","source":"はい、 この えんぴつを とります。 それから、 これを あなたの つくえの上に おきます。","translation":"Yes, I will take this pencil. Then I will put it on your desk.","reading":"はい、このえんぴつをとります。それから、これをあなたのつくえのうえにおきます。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"とり","gloss":"take"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"then"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"つくえ","gloss":"desk"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"上","gloss":"top","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"put"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp1.05","source":"まどを あけてください。","translation":"Please open the window.","reading":"まどをあけてください。","words":[{"text":"まど","gloss":"window"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あけ","gloss":"open"},{"text":"て","gloss":"open"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp1.06","source":"はい、 かしこまりました、 まどを あけます。","translation":"Yes, certainly. I will open the window.","reading":"はい、かしこまりました、まどをあけます。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"かしこまり","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"た、","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"まど","gloss":"window"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あけ","gloss":"open"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp1.07","source":"午後三時に 私のところへ 来てください。","translation":"Please come to see me at three in the afternoon.","reading":"ごごさんじにわたくしのところへきてください。","words":[{"text":"午後","gloss":"afternoon","reading":"ごご"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"私","gloss":"me","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"place"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"come"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp1.08","source":"はい、 かしこまりました。 行きます。","translation":"Yes, certainly. I will come.","reading":"はい、かしこまりました。いきます。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"かしこまり","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"come","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp1.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"なまえ","gloss":"name"},{"word":"午後","gloss":"p.m., afternoon"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"ところ","gloss":"place (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking about current activities · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"The TE-ending in a verb phrase","paragraphs":["*私は 今 かん字を 書いています* means \"I am writing kanji now.\" The TE-ending *書いて* joins a form of another verb.","A TE-ending has no tense of its own. The verb that follows carries the tense."]},{"title":"An action in progress","paragraphs":["A TE-ending followed by a form of *います* describes an action in progress. *しんぶんを 読んでいます* means \"He is reading a newspaper.\"","The question uses the same pattern: *あなたは 何を していますか*, \"What are you doing?\""]}],"lines":[{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp2.01","source":"あなたは 何を していますか。","translation":"What are you doing?","reading":"あなたはなにをしていますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"are doing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are doing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are doing"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are doing"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp2.01.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp2.02","source":"私は 今 かん字を 書いています。","translation":"I am writing kanji now.","reading":"わたくしはいまかんじをかいています。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji","reading":"かんじ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"am writing","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am writing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am writing"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am writing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp2.02.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp2.03","source":"あなたは だれに 日本語を おしえていますか。","translation":"Who are you teaching Japanese to?","reading":"あなたはだれににほんごをおしえていますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おしえ","gloss":"are teaching"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are teaching"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are teaching"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are teaching"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp2.03.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp2.04","source":"べいこくの ぐんじんに 日本語を おしえています。","translation":"I am teaching Japanese to American military personnel.","reading":"べいこくのぐんじんににほんごをおしえています。","words":[{"text":"べい","gloss":"American"},{"text":"こく","gloss":"American"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ぐ","gloss":"military personnel"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"military personnel"},{"text":"じん","gloss":"military personnel"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おしえ","gloss":"am teaching"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am teaching"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am teaching"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am teaching"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp2.04.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp2.05","source":"たなかさんは 今 べんきょうしていますか。","translation":"Is Mr. Tanaka studying now?","reading":"たなかさんはいまべんきょうしていますか。","words":[{"text":"たなか","gloss":"Tanaka"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"is studying"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is studying"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is studying"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is studying"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp2.05.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp2.06","source":"いいえ、 今 やすんでいます。","translation":"No, he is resting now.","reading":"いいえ、いまやすんでいます。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"やすん","gloss":"is resting"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is resting"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is resting"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is resting"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp2.06.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp2.07","source":"あの方は あそこで 何を していますか。","translation":"What is that person doing over there?","reading":"あのかたはあそこでなにをしていますか。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あそこ","gloss":"over there"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"is doing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is doing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is doing"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is doing"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp2.07.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp2.08","source":"しんぶんを 読んでいます。","translation":"He is reading a newspaper.","reading":"しんぶんをよんでいます。","words":[{"text":"しんぶん","gloss":"newspaper"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読ん","gloss":"is reading","reading":"よん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is reading"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is reading"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is reading"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp2.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"だれ","gloss":"who?"},{"word":"あそこ","gloss":"over there"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Reporting what people said · Perception drill, Block 3","teaching":[{"title":"What と marks","paragraphs":["*ここへ 来なさいと 言いました* means \"The teacher said to come here.\" The particle *と* marks the words before it as reported speech.","The plain form is the form commonly used before *と*. *町へ 行くと 言いました* means \"He said he was going into town.\""]},{"title":"Exact polite words","paragraphs":["The polite form is the form used for polite speech. *IKIMASU* sometimes appears before *TO* when the speaker gives the exact words."]}],"lines":[{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp3.01","source":"先生は 何と 言いましたか。","translation":"What did the teacher say?","reading":"せんせいはなんといいましたか。","words":[{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"said","reading":"いい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"said"},{"text":"た","gloss":"said"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp3.01.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp3.02","source":"ここへ 来なさいと 言いました。","translation":"The teacher said to come here.","reading":"ここへきなさいといいました。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"なさい","gloss":"please"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"said","reading":"いい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"said"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"said"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp3.02.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp3.03","source":"ブラウンさんは 居ませんね。","translation":"Mr. Brown is not here, is he?","reading":"ブラウンさんはいませんね。","words":[{"text":"ブラウン","gloss":"Brown"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"居","gloss":"is not here","reading":"い"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"is not here"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"is not here"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp3.03.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp3.04","source":"ええ、 町へ 行くと 言いました。","translation":"No, he said he was going into town.","reading":"ええ、まちへいくといいました。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"was going","reading":"いく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"said","reading":"いい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"said"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"said"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp3.04.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp3.05","source":"スミスさんは がっこうへ 来ると 言いましたか。","translation":"Did Mr. Smith say he would come to school?","reading":"スミスさんはがっこうへくるといいましたか。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"would come","reading":"くる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"said","reading":"いい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"said"},{"text":"た","gloss":"said"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp3.05.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp3.06","source":"はい、 来ると 言いました。","translation":"Yes, he said he would come.","reading":"はい、くるといいました。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"would come","reading":"くる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"said","reading":"いい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"said"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"said"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp3.06.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp3.07","source":"あなたは 日本へ 行くと 言いましたね。","translation":"You said you were going to Japan, didn’t you?","reading":"あなたはにほんへいくといいましたね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"were going","reading":"いく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"said","reading":"いい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"said"},{"text":"た","gloss":"said"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp3.07.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp3.08","source":"はい、 私は 日本へ 行くと 言いました。","translation":"Yes, I said I was going to Japan.","reading":"はい、わたくしはにほんへいくといいました。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"was going","reading":"いく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"said","reading":"いい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"said"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"said"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp3.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"町","gloss":"town"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Ways of doing things · Perception drill, Block 4","teaching":[{"title":"Naming how an action is done","paragraphs":["*この かん字の 書き方を おしえてください* means \"Please show me how to write this kanji.\" *方* means \"method\" or \"way.\"","The conjunctive ending of a verb joins *方* to form a compound noun. *読む* gives *読み方*, \"how to read,\" and *書く* gives *書き方*, \"how to write.\""]},{"title":"Several ways of doing","paragraphs":["*はなし方も 読み方も 書き方も ならいます* says that students learn how to speak, read, and write.","The same pattern gives *おしえ方*, \"way of teaching,\" and *たべ方*, \"way of eating.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp4.01","source":"この かん字の 書き方を おしえてください。","translation":"Please show me how to write this kanji.","reading":"このかんじのかきかたをおしえてください。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"how to write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"方","gloss":"how to write","reading":"かた"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おしえ","gloss":"show"},{"text":"て","gloss":"show"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp4.01.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp4.02","source":"はい、 それは こう 書きます。","translation":"Yes, you write it like this.","reading":"はい、それはこうかきます。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"it"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"like this"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp4.02.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp4.03","source":"あの 先生の おしえ方は いいですね。","translation":"That teacher’s way of teaching is good, isn’t it?","reading":"あのせんせいのおしえかたはいいですね。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"おしえ","gloss":"way of teaching"},{"text":"方","gloss":"way of teaching","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp4.03.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp4.04","source":"はい、 そうです。 おしえ方が いいと、 よく ならう ことが できます。","translation":"Yes, it is. When the teaching is good, you can learn well.","reading":"はい、そうです。おしえかたがいいと、よくならうことができます。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"おしえ","gloss":"teaching"},{"text":"方","gloss":"method","reading":"かた"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"ならう","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"act"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"でき","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"can"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp4.04.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp4.05","source":"ここで がいこく語を べんきょうすると、 はなし方も 読み方も 書き方も ならいますね。","translation":"When you study a foreign language here, you learn how to speak, read, and write it, don’t you?","reading":"ここでがいこくごをべんきょうすると、はなしかたもよみかたもかきかたもならいますね。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"がいこく","gloss":"foreign language"},{"text":"語","gloss":"foreign language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"はなし","gloss":"how to speak"},{"text":"方","gloss":"how to speak","reading":"かた"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"読み","gloss":"how to read","reading":"よみ"},{"text":"方","gloss":"how to read","reading":"かた"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"how to write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"方","gloss":"how to write","reading":"かた"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ならい","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp4.05.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp4.06","source":"そうです。 みんな ならいます。","translation":"That’s right. We learn all of them.","reading":"そうです。みんなならいます。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"みんな","gloss":"all of them"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"い","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"learn"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp4.06.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp4.07","source":"あの方の たべ方は わるいですね。","translation":"That person’s table manners are bad, aren’t they?","reading":"あのかたのたべかたはわるいですね。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"table manners"},{"text":"方","gloss":"table manners","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"わるい","gloss":"bad"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp4.07.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L022.gp4.08","source":"そうですね。","translation":"Yes, they are.","reading":"そうですね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.gp4.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"わるい","gloss":"bad"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Polite requests and commands · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Match the last syllable","paragraphs":["*これを 使ってください* means \"Please use this.\" To form a new TE-ending, compare its last syllable with a verb from the same pattern.","A verb ending in *ぶ* follows *よぶ*, which becomes *よんで*."]},{"title":"The ending before ください","paragraphs":["The TE-ending comes before *ください* in every request. *先生を よんで ください* means \"Please call the teacher.\"","*このかみに なまえを 書いてください* means \"Please write your name on this paper.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.m1","source":"もう少し べんきょうして ください。","translation":"Please study a little more.","reading":"もうすこしべんきょうしてください。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"more"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.01","source":"これを 使ってください。","translation":"Please use this.","reading":"これをつかってください。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"使っ","gloss":"use","reading":"つかっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"use"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.02","source":"日本語で はなして ください。","translation":"Please speak in Japanese.","reading":"にほんごではなしてください。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なし","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"て","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.03","source":"間ちがいを なおしてください。","translation":"Please correct the mistake.","reading":"まちがいをなおしてください。","words":[{"text":"間ちがい","gloss":"mistake","reading":"まちがい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"なおし","gloss":"correct"},{"text":"て","gloss":"correct"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.04","source":"先生を よんで ください。","translation":"Please call the teacher.","reading":"せんせいをよんでください。","words":[{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"よん","gloss":"call"},{"text":"で","gloss":"call"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.05","source":"これを 読んで ください。","translation":"Please read this.","reading":"これをよんでください。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読ん","gloss":"read","reading":"よん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"read"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.06","source":"そのまどを しめてください。","translation":"Please close that window.","reading":"そのまどをしめてください。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"まど","gloss":"window"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"しめ","gloss":"close"},{"text":"て","gloss":"close"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.07","source":"ブラウンさん、 たってください。","translation":"Mr. Brown, please stand up.","reading":"ブラウンさん、たってください。","words":[{"text":"ブラウン","gloss":"Brown"},{"text":"さん、","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"たっ","gloss":"stand up"},{"text":"て","gloss":"stand up"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.08","source":"このかみに なまえを 書いてください。","translation":"Please write your name on this paper.","reading":"このかみになまえをかいてください。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"かみ","gloss":"paper"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"なまえ","gloss":"name"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"write"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Accepting and carrying out requests · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Request and response","paragraphs":["*はやく かえって ください* means \"Please go home early.\" The response *はい、 はやく かえります* means \"Yes, I will go home early.\"","*かしこまりました* also accepts a request with \"certainly.\" The response states the action in its polite form."]}],"lines":[{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.09","source":"はい、 かしこまりました。","translation":"Yes, certainly.","reading":"はい、かしこまりました。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"かしこまり","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"certainly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.10","source":"はやく かえって ください。","translation":"Please go home early.","reading":"はやくかえってください。","words":[{"text":"はやく","gloss":"early"},{"text":"かえって","gloss":"go home"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.11","source":"はい、 はやく かえります。","translation":"Yes, I will go home early.","reading":"はい、はやくかえります。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"はやく","gloss":"early"},{"text":"かえり","gloss":"go home"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.12","source":"まどを 少し あけてください。","translation":"Please open the window a little.","reading":"まどをすこしあけてください。","words":[{"text":"まど","gloss":"window"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"あけ","gloss":"open"},{"text":"て","gloss":"open"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.13","source":"はい、 まどを 少し あけます。","translation":"Yes, I will open the window a little.","reading":"はい、まどをすこしあけます。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"まど","gloss":"window"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"あけ","gloss":"open"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.14","source":"ならう","translation":"to learn","reading":"ならう","words":[{"text":"ならう","gloss":"to learn"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.15","source":"じしゅうする","translation":"to study on one’s own","reading":"じしゅうする","words":[{"text":"じ","gloss":"self-study"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"self-study"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.15.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.16","source":"とる","translation":"to take","reading":"とる","words":[{"text":"とる","gloss":"to take"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.17","source":"行く","translation":"to go","reading":"いく","words":[{"text":"行く","gloss":"to go","reading":"いく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.17.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"じ","gloss":"character, word"},{"word":"しゅう","gloss":"state"},{"word":"とる","gloss":"to take (v.t.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Action verbs for requests · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Verbs for classroom requests","paragraphs":["These verbs supply actions for requests. *見せる* means \"to show,\" *なおす* means \"to correct,\" and *おぼえる* means \"to memorize.\"","Their different endings provide material for the TE-ending patterns, including *来る*, \"to come,\" and *やすむ*, \"to rest.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.18","source":"来る","translation":"to come","reading":"くる","words":[{"text":"来る","gloss":"to come","reading":"くる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.19","source":"あそぶ","translation":"to play","reading":"あそぶ","words":[{"text":"あそぶ","gloss":"to play"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.20","source":"なおす","translation":"to correct","reading":"なおす","words":[{"text":"なおす","gloss":"to correct"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.20.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.21","source":"見せる","translation":"to show","reading":"みせる","words":[{"text":"見せる","gloss":"to show","reading":"みせる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.21.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.22","source":"きく","translation":"to listen","reading":"きく","words":[{"text":"きく","gloss":"to listen"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.22.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.23","source":"おく","translation":"to put","reading":"おく","words":[{"text":"おく","gloss":"to put"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.23.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.24","source":"おぼえる","translation":"to memorize","reading":"おぼえる","words":[{"text":"おぼえる","gloss":"to memorize"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.24.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt1.25","source":"やすむ","translation":"to rest","reading":"やすむ","words":[{"text":"やすむ","gloss":"to rest"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt1.25.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"あそぶ","gloss":"to play (v.i.)"},{"word":"なおす","gloss":"to correct, mend, repair (v.t.)"},{"word":"見せる","gloss":"to show (v.t.)"},{"word":"きく","gloss":"chrysanthemum"},{"word":"おぼえる","gloss":"to memorize, remember (v.t.)"},{"word":"やすむ","gloss":"to rest, to retire (v.i.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Describing ongoing activities · Pattern 2 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Activities in progress","paragraphs":["*生徒は べんきょうして います* means \"Students are studying.\" The TE-ending and *います* describe an action in progress.","The pattern works with different TE-endings. *子どもたちは へやの 中で あそんでいます* means \"The children are playing in the room.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt2.m1","source":"生徒は べんきょうして います。","translation":"Students are studying.","reading":"せいとはべんきょうしています。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"are studying"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are studying"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are studying"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"are studying"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt2.01","source":"私たちは 日本語を ならっています。","translation":"We are learning Japanese.","reading":"わたくしたちはにほんごをならっています。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"we"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ならっ","gloss":"are learning"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are learning"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are learning"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"are learning"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt2.02","source":"たくさんの 人が あるいています。","translation":"Many people are walking.","reading":"たくさんのひとがあるいています。","words":[{"text":"たくさん","gloss":"many"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あるい","gloss":"are walking"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are walking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are walking"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"are walking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt2.03","source":"子どもたちは へやの 中で あそんでいます。","translation":"The children are playing in the room.","reading":"こどもたちはへやのなかであそんでいます。","words":[{"text":"子ども","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"children"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"へや","gloss":"room"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中","gloss":"inside","reading":"なか"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あそん","gloss":"are playing"},{"text":"で","gloss":"are playing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are playing"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"are playing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt2.04","source":"生徒は 本を 読んでいます。","translation":"The student is reading a book.","reading":"せいとはほんをよんでいます。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読ん","gloss":"is reading","reading":"よん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is reading"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is reading"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is reading"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt2.05","source":"スミスさんは ひるめしを たべています。","translation":"Mr. Smith is eating lunch.","reading":"スミスさんはひるめしをたべています。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ひるめし","gloss":"lunch"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"is eating"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is eating"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is eating"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is eating"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt2.05.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt2.06","source":"生徒たちは 今 じしゅうしています。","translation":"The students are studying on their own now.","reading":"せいとたちはいまじしゅうしています。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"plural"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"じ","gloss":"studying on their own"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"studying on their own"},{"text":"し","gloss":"studying on their own"},{"text":"て","gloss":"studying on their own"},{"text":"い","gloss":"studying on their own"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"studying on their own"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt2.07","source":"先生は今 生徒に 日本語を おしえています。","translation":"The teacher is teaching Japanese to the students now.","reading":"せんせいはいませいとににほんごをおしえています。","words":[{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おしえ","gloss":"is teaching"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is teaching"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is teaching"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is teaching"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt2.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"たくさん","gloss":"many"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"子ども","gloss":"child, children"},{"word":"へや","gloss":"room"},{"word":"ひるめし","gloss":"lunch, noon meal"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking what is happening · Pattern 2 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Ask what is happening","paragraphs":["*あなたは 今 何を していますか* asks \"What are you doing now?\" The answer names the action with its TE-ending and *います*.","*私は 今 日本の ざっしを 読んでいます* answers \"I am reading a Japanese magazine now.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt2.08","source":"あなたは 今 何を たべていますか。","translation":"What are you eating now?","reading":"あなたはいまなにをたべていますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"are eating"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are eating"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are eating"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are eating"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt2.09","source":"ひるめしを たべています。","translation":"I am eating lunch.","reading":"ひるめしをたべています。","words":[{"text":"ひるめし","gloss":"lunch"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"am eating"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am eating"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am eating"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am eating"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt2.10","source":"何を 買っていますか。","translation":"What are you buying?","reading":"なにをかっていますか。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"are buying","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are buying"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are buying"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are buying"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt2.11","source":"日本語の きょうかしょを 買っています。","translation":"I am buying a Japanese textbook.","reading":"にほんごのきょうかしょをかっています。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"きょうか","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"am buying","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am buying"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am buying"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am buying"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt2.11.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt2.12","source":"あなたは 今 何を していますか。","translation":"What are you doing now?","reading":"あなたはいまなにをしていますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"are doing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are doing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are doing"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are doing"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt2.12.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt2.13","source":"私は 今 日本の ざっしを 読んでいます。","translation":"I am reading a Japanese magazine now.","reading":"わたくしはいまにほんのざっしをよんでいます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazine"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読ん","gloss":"am reading","reading":"よん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"am reading"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am reading"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am reading"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt2.13.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt2.14","source":"かん字を 書きます ――→ かん字を 書いています。","translation":"Write kanji → be writing kanji.","reading":"かんじをかきます――→かんじをかいています。","words":[{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"ます――→","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"be writing","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"be writing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"be writing"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"be writing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt2.14.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt2.15","source":"かたかなを ふくしゅうします。","translation":"I review katakana.","reading":"かたかなをふくしゅうします。","words":[{"text":"かたかな","gloss":"katakana"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ふくしゅう","gloss":"review"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt2.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"かたかな","gloss":"KATAKANA syllabary"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Changing actions to ongoing forms · Pattern 2 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"From an action to an ongoing action","paragraphs":["*先生は 日本語の しんぶんを 読みます* says that the teacher reads a Japanese newspaper.","*読みます* changes to its TE-ending plus a form of *IMASU* to describe the action in progress.","The same change applies to *あそびます* and *見ます*."]}],"lines":[{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt2.16","source":"子どもたちは よく あそびます。","translation":"The children play a lot.","reading":"こどもたちはよくあそびます。","words":[{"text":"子ども","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"plural"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"a lot"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"play"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt2.16.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt2.17","source":"先生は 日本語の しんぶんを 読みます。","translation":"The teacher reads a Japanese newspaper.","reading":"せんせいはにほんごのしんぶんをよみます。","words":[{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しんぶん","gloss":"newspaper"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読み","gloss":"read","reading":"よみ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt2.17.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt2.18","source":"あの方は はやく あるきます。","translation":"That person walks quickly.","reading":"あのかたははやくあるきます。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"はやく","gloss":"quickly"},{"text":"あるき","gloss":"walk"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt2.18.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt2.19","source":"ダイアログを れんしゅうします。","translation":"I practice the dialogue.","reading":"ダイアログをれんしゅうします。","words":[{"text":"ダイアログ","gloss":"dialogue"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"れんしゅう","gloss":"practice"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt2.19.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt2.20","source":"あの方は えを 見ます。","translation":"That person looks at a picture.","reading":"あのかたはえをみます。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"え","gloss":"picture"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"look at","reading":"み"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt2.20.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt2.21","source":"私は まどを しめます。","translation":"I close the window.","reading":"わたくしはまどをしめます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まど","gloss":"window"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"しめ","gloss":"close"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt2.21.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ダイアログ","gloss":"dialogue"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Quoting statements and instructions · Pattern 3 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Quoted content before a speech verb","paragraphs":["*本を 読んでくださいと 言いました* means \"He said, Please read a book.\" The particle *と* marks the request as quoted content.","Quoted content can precede another speech verb. *日本語の はつおんは やさしいと ききました* means \"I heard that Japanese pronunciation is easy.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt3.m1","source":"本を 読んでくださいと 言いました。","translation":"He said, 'Please read a book'.","reading":"ほんをよんでくださいといいました。","words":[{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読ん","gloss":"read","reading":"よん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"read"},{"text":"ください","gloss":"please"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"say","reading":"いい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt3.m1.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt3.01","source":"先生は それを やくしてくださいと 言いました。","translation":"The teacher said, “Please translate it.”","reading":"せんせいはそれをやくしてくださいといいました。","words":[{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"it"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やくし","gloss":"translate"},{"text":"て","gloss":"translate"},{"text":"ください","gloss":"please"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"say","reading":"いい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt3.01.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt3.02","source":"たなかさんは 町へ 行くと 言いました。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka said that he would go into town.","reading":"たなかさんはまちへいくといいました。","words":[{"text":"たなか","gloss":"Tanaka"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"say","reading":"いい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt3.02.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt3.03","source":"先生が もっと べんきょうしてくださいと 言いました。","translation":"The teacher said, “Please study more.”","reading":"せんせいがもっとべんきょうしてくださいといいました。","words":[{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"もっと","gloss":"more"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"study"},{"text":"て","gloss":"study"},{"text":"ください","gloss":"please"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"say","reading":"いい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt3.03.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt3.04","source":"日本語の はつおんは やさしいと ききました。","translation":"I heard that Japanese pronunciation is easy.","reading":"にほんごのはつおんはやさしいとききました。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"pronunciation"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"pronunciation"},{"text":"おん","gloss":"pronunciation"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"きき","gloss":"hear"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt3.04.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt3.05","source":"かん字は むずかしいと ききました。","translation":"I heard that kanji is difficult.","reading":"かんじはむずかしいとききました。","words":[{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"きき","gloss":"hear"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt3.05.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt3.06","source":"先生は 何と 言いましたか。","translation":"What did the teacher say?","reading":"せんせいはなんといいましたか。","words":[{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"say","reading":"いい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt3.06.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt3.07","source":"朝 はやく がっこうへ 来なさいと 言いました。","translation":"The teacher said, “Come to school early in the morning.”","reading":"あさはやくがっこうへきなさいといいました。","words":[{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"early"},{"text":"やく","gloss":"early"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"なさい","gloss":"come"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"say","reading":"いい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt3.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ください","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"もっと","gloss":"more (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"word":"朝","gloss":"morning"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Reporting plans and invitations · Pattern 3 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A reported plan","paragraphs":["*七時に 来ると 言いました* means \"He said he would come at seven o'clock.\" The plain form *来る* gives the reported plan before *と 言いました*."]},{"title":"A reported invitation","paragraphs":["A quoted invitation keeps its polite request. *ともだちに P.X.へ 来てくださいと 言いました* means \"He told his friend, Please come to the P.X.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt3.08","source":"パーカーさんも はやく 来ますか。","translation":"Will Mr. Parker come early too?","reading":"パーカーさんもはやくきますか。","words":[{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"はやく","gloss":"early"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt3.08.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt3.09","source":"はい、 七時に 来ると 言いました。","translation":"Yes, he said he would come at seven o’clock.","reading":"はい、しちじにくるといいました。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven","reading":"しち"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"come","reading":"くる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"say","reading":"いい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt3.09.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt3.10","source":"スミスさんは どこで ひるめしを たべると 言いましたか。","translation":"Where did Mr. Smith say he would eat lunch?","reading":"スミスさんはどこでひるめしをたべるといいましたか。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"ひるめし","gloss":"lunch"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべる","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"say","reading":"いい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt3.10.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt3.11","source":"P.X.で たべると 言いました。","translation":"He said he would eat at the P.X.","reading":"ピーエックスでたべるといいました。","words":[{"text":"P.","gloss":"P.X."},{"text":"X.","gloss":"P.X."},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"たべる","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"say"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt3.11.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt3.12","source":"やまださんは 何と 言いましたか。","translation":"What did Mr. Yamada say?","reading":"やまださんはなんといいましたか。","words":[{"text":"やまだ","gloss":"Yamada"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"say","reading":"いい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt3.12.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt3.13","source":"P.X.で 十二時に ひるはんを たべると 言いました。","translation":"He said he would eat lunch at the P.X. at twelve o’clock.","reading":"ピーエックスでじゅうにじにひるはんをたべるといいました。","words":[{"text":"P.","gloss":"P.X."},{"text":"X.","gloss":"P.X."},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"十","gloss":"twelve"},{"text":"二","gloss":"twelve"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"ひる","gloss":"lunch"},{"text":"はん","gloss":"lunch"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべる","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"say"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt3.13.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt3.14","source":"それから 何と 言いましたか。","translation":"What did he say after that?","reading":"それからなんといいましたか。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"after that"},{"text":"から","gloss":"after that"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"say","reading":"いい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt3.14.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt3.15","source":"それから、 ともだちに P.X.へ 来てくださいと 言いました。","translation":"After that, he told his friend, “Please come to the P.X.”","reading":"それから、ともだちにピーエックスへきてくださいといいました。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"after that"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"after that"},{"text":"ともだち","gloss":"friend"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"P.","gloss":"P.X."},{"text":"X.","gloss":"P.X."},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come"},{"text":"て","gloss":"come"},{"text":"ください","gloss":"please"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"say"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt3.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ともだち","gloss":"friend"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking how things are done · Pattern 4 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A way of doing something","paragraphs":["*かん字の 書き方 を おしえてください* means \"Please teach me how to write this KANJI.\" The verb's conjunctive ending combines with *方*.","The same pattern forms *使い方*, \"how to use,\" and *し方*, \"way of doing.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt4.m1","source":"かん字の 書き方 を おしえてください。","translation":"Please teach me how to write this KANJI.","reading":"かんじのかきかたをおしえてください。","words":[{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"how to write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"方","gloss":"how to write","reading":"かた"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おしえ","gloss":"teach"},{"text":"て","gloss":"teach"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt4.m1.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt4.01","source":"もう少し 読み方を べんきょうしてください。","translation":"Please study reading a little more.","reading":"もうすこしよみかたをべんきょうしてください。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"more"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little"},{"text":"読み","gloss":"how to read"},{"text":"方","gloss":"how to read"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"study"},{"text":"て","gloss":"study"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt4.01.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt4.02","source":"かん字の 字しょの 使い方は むずかしいです。","translation":"It is difficult to use a kanji dictionary.","reading":"かんじのじしょのつかいかたはむずかしいです。","words":[{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"字","gloss":"dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"dictionary"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"使い","gloss":"how to use","reading":"つかい"},{"text":"方","gloss":"how to use","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt4.02.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt4.03","source":"あの方は べんきょうの し方が よくありません。","translation":"That person’s way of studying is not good.","reading":"あのかたはべんきょうのしかたがよくありません。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"studying"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"し方","gloss":"method"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"good"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt4.03.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt4.04","source":"おしえ方が わるいと、 生徒は ならいません。","translation":"If the teaching method is poor, the students will not learn.","reading":"おしえかたがわるいと、せいとはならいません。","words":[{"text":"おしえ","gloss":"teaching method"},{"text":"方","gloss":"teaching method","reading":"かた"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"わるい","gloss":"poor"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ならい","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt4.04.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt4.05","source":"私は このかん字の 書き方が わかりません。","translation":"I do not know how to write this kanji.","reading":"わたくしはこのかんじのかきかたがわかりません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"how to write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"方","gloss":"how to write","reading":"かた"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"know"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt4.05.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt4.06","source":"この がっこうでは、 朝から ばんまで はなし方の れんしゅうを しますか。","translation":"At this school, do you practice speaking from morning until evening?","reading":"このがっこうでは、あさからばんまではなしかたのれんしゅうをしますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"ばん","gloss":"evening"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"はなし","gloss":"speaking"},{"text":"方","gloss":"speaking","reading":"かた"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"れんしゅう","gloss":"practice"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt4.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ばん","gloss":"evening, night"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Study methods and duration · Pattern 4 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Clock time and duration","paragraphs":["*あなたは 読み方や 書き方を まい日 何時間ぐらい べんきょうしますか* asks how many hours each day the person studies reading and writing.","*NANJI* asks \"what time.\" *NANJIKAN* asks \"how many hours.\" *ICHIJI* is \"1 o'clock,\" while *一時間* is \"1 hour.\""]},{"title":"About how long","paragraphs":["*ぐらい* marks an approximate duration. *一時間ぐらい* means \"about one hour.\"","*GORO* marks an approximate point of time. *ICHIJI GORO* means \"about 1 o'clock.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt4.07","source":"いいえ、 読み方も 書き方も ならいます。","translation":"No, we learn both reading and writing.","reading":"いいえ、よみかたもかきかたもならいます。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"読み","gloss":"how to read","reading":"よみ"},{"text":"方","gloss":"how to read","reading":"かた"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"how to write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"方","gloss":"how to write","reading":"かた"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ならい","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt4.07.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt4.08","source":"あなたの がっこうでは べんきょうのし方も おしえますか。","translation":"At your school, do they also teach you how to study?","reading":"あなたのがっこうではべんきょうのしかたもおしえますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"studying"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"し方","gloss":"method"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"おしえ","gloss":"teach"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt4.08.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt4.09","source":"はい、 おしえます。 べんきょうのし方が わるいと、 生徒は 何も ならいませんから。","translation":"Yes, they do, because if the students’ way of studying is poor, they will not learn anything.","reading":"はい、おしえます。べんきょうのしかたがわるいと、せいとはなにもならいませんから。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"おしえ","gloss":"teach"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"studying"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"し方","gloss":"method"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"わるい","gloss":"poor"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なに"},{"text":"も","gloss":"not even"},{"text":"ならい","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt4.09.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt4.10","source":"あなたは 読み方や 書き方を まい日 何時間ぐらい べんきょうしますか。","translation":"About how many hours a day do you study reading and writing?","reading":"あなたはよみかたやかきかたをまいにちなんじかんぐらいべんきょうしますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"読み","gloss":"how to read","reading":"よみ"},{"text":"方","gloss":"how to read","reading":"かた"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"how to write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"方","gloss":"how to write","reading":"かた"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"まい日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt4.10.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt4.11","source":"うちで 一時間、 がっこうで 一時間 べんきょうします。","translation":"I study for one hour at home and one hour at school.","reading":"うちでいちじかん、がっこうでいちじかんべんきょうします。","words":[{"text":"うち","gloss":"home"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"時間、","gloss":"hour","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"がっこう","gloss":"school"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hour","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt4.11.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L022.pt4.12","source":"この かん字の 書き方を おしえてください。","translation":"Please show me how to write this kanji.","reading":"このかんじのかきかたをおしえてください。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"how to write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"方","gloss":"how to write","reading":"かた"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おしえ","gloss":"show"},{"text":"て","gloss":"show"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.pt4.12.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"から。","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"うち","gloss":"home, house"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"A busy language classroom · Reading Selection 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A language class at work","paragraphs":["The passage describes students in a school. *コノ生徒タチハ 今 カイワノ レンシュウヲ シテイマス* means \"These students are practicing conversation now.\"","The TE-ending with *イマス* marks that ongoing practice."]},{"title":"The most difficult skill","paragraphs":["*読ミ方モ 書キ方モ ナライマスガ、 カイワガ 一番 ムズカシイデス* says they learn reading and writing, but conversation is the most difficult.","*読ミ方* and *書キ方* use the pattern for naming ways of doing an action."]}],"lines":[{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L022.rd.001","source":"ココハ ガッコウデス。","translation":"This is a school.","reading":"ココハガッコウデス。","words":[{"text":"ココ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"ハ","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ガッコウ","gloss":"school"},{"text":"デス。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L022.rd.002","source":"コノ ガッコウデハ、 イロイロノ ガイコク語ヲ オシエテイマス。","translation":"Various foreign languages are taught at this school.","reading":"コノガッコウデハ、イロイロノガイコクごヲオシエテイマス。","words":[{"text":"コノ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"ガッコウデハ、","gloss":"at school; topic"},{"text":"イロイロ","gloss":"various"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ガイ","gloss":"foreign language"},{"text":"コク","gloss":"foreign language"},{"text":"語","gloss":"foreign language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ヲ","gloss":"object"},{"text":"オシエテイマス。","gloss":"are taught"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L022.rd.003","source":"コノ生徒タチハ 今 カイワノ レンシュウヲ シテイマス。","translation":"These students are practicing conversation now.","reading":"コノせいとタチハいまカイワノレンシュウヲシテイマス。","words":[{"text":"コノ","gloss":"these"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"タチハ","gloss":"plural; topic"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"カイワノ","gloss":"conversation; of"},{"text":"レンシュウヲ","gloss":"practice; object"},{"text":"シテイマス。","gloss":"are doing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L022.rd.004","source":"読ミ方モ 書キ方モ ナライマスガ、 カイワガ 一番 ムズカシイデス。","translation":"They learn both reading and writing, but conversation is the most difficult.","reading":"よミかたモかキかたモナライマスガ、カイワガいちばんムズカシイデス。","words":[{"text":"読","gloss":"reading","reading":"よ"},{"text":"ミ","gloss":"reading"},{"text":"方","gloss":"reading","reading":"かた"},{"text":"モ","gloss":"both"},{"text":"書","gloss":"writing","reading":"か"},{"text":"キ","gloss":"writing"},{"text":"方","gloss":"writing","reading":"かた"},{"text":"モ","gloss":"both"},{"text":"ナライマスガ、","gloss":"learn, but"},{"text":"カイワガ","gloss":"conversation"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"ムズカシイデス。","gloss":"is difficult"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L022.rd.005","source":"カイワノ 時ニハ、 ミンナ ハヤク ハナシマスカラ、 間チガイガ タクサン アリマス。","translation":"During conversation practice, everyone speaks quickly, so there are many mistakes.","reading":"カイワノときニハ、ミンナハヤクハナシマスカラ、まチガイガタクサンアリマス。","words":[{"text":"カイ","gloss":"conversation"},{"text":"ワ","gloss":"conversation"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"of"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"ニ","gloss":"during"},{"text":"ハ、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ミンナ","gloss":"everyone"},{"text":"ハ","gloss":"quickly"},{"text":"ヤク","gloss":"quickly"},{"text":"ハナシマスカラ、","gloss":"speak, so"},{"text":"間","gloss":"mistake","reading":"ま"},{"text":"チガイガ","gloss":"mistake"},{"text":"タクサン","gloss":"many"},{"text":"アリ","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"マス。","gloss":"there are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L022.rd.006","source":"先生ハ 生徒ノ 間チガイヲ キクト、 ソレヲ ナオシマス。","translation":"When the teacher hears a student’s mistake, he corrects it.","reading":"せんせいハせいとノまチガイヲキクト、ソレヲナオシマス。","words":[{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"ハ","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"間","gloss":"mistake","reading":"ま"},{"text":"チガイヲ","gloss":"mistake"},{"text":"キクト、","gloss":"when hears"},{"text":"ソレ","gloss":"it"},{"text":"ヲ","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ナ","gloss":"corrects"},{"text":"オシ","gloss":"corrects"},{"text":"マス。","gloss":"corrects"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L022.rd.007","source":"時々 先生ハ 生徒ニ シツモンヲ シマス。","translation":"Sometimes the teacher asks the students questions.","reading":"ときどきせんせいハせいとニシツモンヲシマス。","words":[{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"ハ","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"ニ","gloss":"to"},{"text":"シツモンヲ","gloss":"questions"},{"text":"シマ","gloss":"asks"},{"text":"ス。","gloss":"asks"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.rd.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Translation and self-study · Reading Selection 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Translation and difficult usage","paragraphs":["The students do translation in both directions. *日本語デハ ジョシト ドウシノ 使イ方ガ ムズカシイデス* says that using particles and verbs is difficult in Japanese.","*使イ方* names the way of using something."]},{"title":"Practice during self-study","paragraphs":["*レンシュウモンダイハ 大テイ ジシュウノ 時ニ シマス* means \"They usually do the practice exercises during self-study.\" They also do them at home."]}],"lines":[{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L022.rd.008","source":"ソノホカ、 生徒ハ ワヤクヤ","translation":"In addition, the students do Japanese translations.","reading":"ソノホカ、せいとハワヤクヤ","words":[{"text":"ソノ","gloss":"in addition"},{"text":"ホカ、","gloss":"in addition"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"ハ","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ワヤクヤ","gloss":"Japanese translations"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L022.rd.009","source":"エイヤクモ シマス。","translation":"They also do English translations.","reading":"エイヤクモシマス。","words":[{"text":"エイ","gloss":"English translations"},{"text":"ヤクモ","gloss":"English translations"},{"text":"シマ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ス。","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L022.rd.010","source":"ワヤクハ ムズカシイデス。","translation":"Japanese translation is difficult.","reading":"ワヤクハムズカシイデス。","words":[{"text":"ワヤクハ","gloss":"Japanese translation"},{"text":"ムズカシイデス。","gloss":"is difficult"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L022.rd.011","source":"日本語デハ ジョシト ドウシノ 使イ方ガ ムズカシイデス。","translation":"In Japanese, the use of particles and verbs is difficult.","reading":"にほんごデハジョシトドウシノつかイかたガムズカシイデス。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"デハ","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ジョシト","gloss":"particles and"},{"text":"ドウシノ","gloss":"verbs"},{"text":"使","gloss":"use","reading":"つか"},{"text":"イ","gloss":"use"},{"text":"方","gloss":"use","reading":"かた"},{"text":"ガ","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ムズカシイデス。","gloss":"is difficult"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L022.rd.012","source":"マタ イロイロノ レンシュウモンダイガ アリマス。","translation":"There are also various practice exercises.","reading":"マタイロイロノレンシュウモンダイガアリマス。","words":[{"text":"マタ","gloss":"also"},{"text":"イロイロ","gloss":"various"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"of"},{"text":"レンシュウモンダイガ","gloss":"practice exercises"},{"text":"アリ","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"マス。","gloss":"there are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.rd.012.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L022.rd.013","source":"レンシュウモンダイハ 大テイ ジシュウノ 時ニ シマス。","translation":"They usually do the practice exercises during self-study.","reading":"レンシュウモンダイハたいていジシュウノときニシマス。","words":[{"text":"レンシュウモンダイハ","gloss":"practice exercises"},{"text":"大","gloss":"usually","reading":"たい"},{"text":"テイ","gloss":"usually"},{"text":"ジシュウノ","gloss":"self-study"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"ニ","gloss":"during"},{"text":"シマ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ス。","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.rd.013.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L022.rd.014","source":"ウチデモ シマス。","translation":"They also do them at home.","reading":"ウチデモシマス。","words":[{"text":"ウチ","gloss":"home"},{"text":"デモ","gloss":"at, too"},{"text":"シマス。","gloss":"do them"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.rd.014.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Questions about language study · Questions","teaching":[{"title":"What an answer names","paragraphs":["The questions ask what the school teaches, what the students practice, and what they find difficult.","*コノ 生徒タチハ 今 何ノ ケイコヲ シテイマスカ* asks \"What are these students practicing now?\" An answer names the activity with *シテイマス*."]}],"lines":[{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L022.q.001","source":"コノ ガッコウデハ 何ヲ オシエテイマスカ。","translation":"What do they teach at this school?","reading":"コノガッコウデハなにヲオシエテイマスカ。","words":[{"text":"コノ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"ガッコウデハ","gloss":"at this school"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"ヲ","gloss":"object"},{"text":"オシエテイマスカ。","gloss":"are teaching?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.q.001.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L022.q.002","source":"コノ キョウシツノ 生徒タチハ 何語ヲ ナラッテイマスカ。","translation":"What language are the students in this classroom learning?","reading":"コノキョウシツノせいとタチハなにごヲナラッテイマスカ。","words":[{"text":"コノ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"キョウシツノ","gloss":"classroom's"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"タチハ","gloss":"students"},{"text":"何語","gloss":"what language","reading":"なにご"},{"text":"ヲ","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ナラッテイマスカ。","gloss":"are learning?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.q.002.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L022.q.003","source":"コノ 生徒タチハ 今 何ノ ケイコヲ シテイマスカ。","translation":"What are these students practicing now?","reading":"コノせいとタチハいまなんノケイコヲシテイマスカ。","words":[{"text":"コノ","gloss":"these"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"タチハ","gloss":"students"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ケイコ","gloss":"practice"},{"text":"ヲ","gloss":"object"},{"text":"シテイマスカ。","gloss":"are practicing?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.q.003.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L022.q.004","source":"ソノホカ 何ヲ ナライマスカ。","translation":"What else do they learn?","reading":"ソノホカなにヲナライマスカ。","words":[{"text":"ソノ","gloss":"else"},{"text":"ホカ","gloss":"else"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"ヲ","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ナライマスカ。","gloss":"learn?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.q.004.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L022.q.005","source":"カイワノ 時間ニハ、 先生ハ 何ヲ シマスカ。","translation":"What does the teacher do during conversation class?","reading":"カイワノじかんニハ、せんせいハなにヲシマスカ。","words":[{"text":"カイワノ","gloss":"conversation"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"class time","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"ニ","gloss":"during"},{"text":"ハ、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"ハ","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"ヲ","gloss":"object"},{"text":"シマ","gloss":"does?"},{"text":"スカ。","gloss":"does?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.q.005.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L022.q.006","source":"ソノホカ 先生ハ 時々 何ヲ シマスカ。","translation":"What else does the teacher sometimes do?","reading":"ソノホカせんせいハときどきなにヲシマスカ。","words":[{"text":"ソノ","gloss":"else"},{"text":"ホカ","gloss":"else"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"ハ","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"ヲ","gloss":"object"},{"text":"シマ","gloss":"does?"},{"text":"スカ。","gloss":"does?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.q.006.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L022.q.007","source":"生徒ハ ワヤクモ エイヤクモ ナライマスカ。","translation":"Do the students learn both translation into Japanese and translation into English?","reading":"せいとハワヤクモエイヤクモナライマスカ。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"ハ","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ワ","gloss":"Japanese translation"},{"text":"ヤクモ","gloss":"Japanese translation"},{"text":"エイヤクモ","gloss":"English translation"},{"text":"ナライマスカ。","gloss":"learn both?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.q.007.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L022.q.008","source":"日本語デハ 何ガ ムズカシイデスカ。","translation":"What is difficult about Japanese?","reading":"にほんごデハなにガムズカシイデスカ。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"デ","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ハ","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"ガ","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ムズカシイデスカ。","gloss":"is difficult?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.q.008.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L022.q.009","source":"ドンナ レンシュウモンダイガ アリマスカ。","translation":"What kinds of practice exercises are there?","reading":"ドンナレンシュウモンダイガアリマスカ。","words":[{"text":"ドンナ","gloss":"what kinds"},{"text":"レンシュウモンダイガ","gloss":"practice exercises"},{"text":"アリマスカ。","gloss":"are there?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.q.009.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L022.q.010","source":"ワヤクト エイヤクデハ、 ドッチノ ホウガ ムズカシイデスカ。","translation":"Which is more difficult, translating into Japanese or translating into English?","reading":"ワヤクトエイヤクデハ、ドッチノホウガムズカシイデスカ。","words":[{"text":"ワ","gloss":"Japanese translation"},{"text":"ヤクト","gloss":"Japanese translation"},{"text":"エイヤクデハ、","gloss":"English translation"},{"text":"ドッチノ","gloss":"which"},{"text":"ホウガ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"ムズカシイデスカ。","gloss":"is more difficult?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.q.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"何語","gloss":"what language"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Conversation and language skills · Word list 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Language work and skills","paragraphs":["The words cover language study. *かいわ* means \"conversation,\" *間ちがい* means \"mistake\" or \"error,\" and *けいこ* means \"practice.\"","The pair *えいやく* and *わやく* distinguishes translation into English from translation into Japanese."]}],"lines":[{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.001","source":"かいわ","translation":"conversation","reading":"かいわ","words":[{"text":"かいわ","gloss":"conversation"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.001.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.002","source":"間ちがい","translation":"mistake, error","reading":"まちがい","words":[{"text":"間ちがい","gloss":"mistake","reading":"まちがい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.002.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.003","source":"はつおん","translation":"pronunciation","reading":"はつおん","words":[{"text":"はつおん","gloss":"pronunciation"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.003.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.004","source":"じょし","translation":"particle","reading":"じょし","words":[{"text":"じょし","gloss":"particle"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.004.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.005","source":"どうし","translation":"verbs","reading":"どうし","words":[{"text":"どうし","gloss":"verbs"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.005.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.006","source":"読み方","translation":"reading, how to read, method of reading (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"よみかた","words":[{"text":"読み方","gloss":"reading","reading":"よみかた"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.006.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.007","source":"書き方","translation":"writing, how to write; method of writing (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"かきかた","words":[{"text":"書き方","gloss":"writing","reading":"かきかた"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.007.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.008","source":"使い方","translation":"usage, how to use, method of using","reading":"つかいかた","words":[{"text":"使い方","gloss":"usage","reading":"つかいかた"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.008.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.009","source":"けいこ","translation":"practice","reading":"けいこ","words":[{"text":"けいこ","gloss":"practice"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.009.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.010","source":"えいやく","translation":"translation into English","reading":"えいやく","words":[{"text":"えいやく","gloss":"translation into English"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.010.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.011","source":"わやく","translation":"translation into Japanese","reading":"わやく","words":[{"text":"わやく","gloss":"translation into Japanese"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.011.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.012","source":"れんしゅうもんだい","translation":"drill problems (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"れんしゅうもんだい","words":[{"text":"れんしゅうもんだい","gloss":"practice exercises"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"かいわ","gloss":"conversation"},{"word":"はつおん","gloss":"pronunciation"},{"word":"どうし","gloss":"verbs"},{"word":"読み方","gloss":"reading, how to read, method of reading (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"書き方","gloss":"writing, how to write; method of writing (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"使い方","gloss":"usage, how to use, method of using"},{"word":"えいやく","gloss":"translation into English"},{"word":"わやく","gloss":"translation into Japanese"},{"word":"れんしゅうもんだい","gloss":"drill problems (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Study and correction words · Word list 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Kinds of study and classroom action","paragraphs":["The study words distinguish preparation, self-study, and review.","Other entries name classroom actions. *見せる* means \"to show,\" *なおす* means \"to correct,\" and *こたえる* means \"to answer.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":164,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.013","source":"れんしゅう(する)","translation":"practice (to practice)","reading":"れんしゅう(する)","words":[{"text":"れんしゅう(する)","gloss":"practice"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.013.m4a"},{"number":165,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.014","source":"よしゅう(する)","translation":"preparation, study in advance (to prepare)","reading":"よしゅう(する)","words":[{"text":"よしゅう(する)","gloss":"study in advance"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.014.m4a"},{"number":166,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.015","source":"じしゅう(する)","translation":"self-study (to study by oneself)","reading":"じしゅう(する)","words":[{"text":"じしゅう(する)","gloss":"self-study"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.015.m4a"},{"number":167,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.016","source":"ふくしゅう(する)","translation":"review study (to review)","reading":"ふくしゅう(する)","words":[{"text":"ふくしゅう(する)","gloss":"review"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.016.m4a"},{"number":168,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.017","source":"もんどう","translation":"question and answer, dialogue","reading":"もんどう","words":[{"text":"もんどう","gloss":"question and answer"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.017.m4a"},{"number":169,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.018","source":"しつもん(する)","translation":"question (to ask a question)","reading":"しつもん(する)","words":[{"text":"しつもん(する)","gloss":"ask a question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.018.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.019","source":"見せる","translation":"to show (v.t.)","reading":"みせる","words":[{"text":"見せる","gloss":"to show","reading":"みせる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.019.m4a"},{"number":171,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.020","source":"なおす","translation":"to correct, mend, repair (v.t.)","reading":"なおす","words":[{"text":"なおす","gloss":"to correct"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.020.m4a"},{"number":172,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.021","source":"たる","translation":"to suffice (v.i.) to be sufficient","reading":"たる","words":[{"text":"たる","gloss":"to suffice"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.021.m4a"},{"number":173,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.022","source":"たります","translation":"polite form of TARU","reading":"たります","words":[{"text":"たります","gloss":"is sufficient"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.022.m4a"},{"number":174,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.023","source":"やくす","translation":"to translate (v.t.)","reading":"やくす","words":[{"text":"やくす","gloss":"to translate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.023.m4a"},{"number":175,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.024","source":"こたえる","translation":"to answer (v.i.)","reading":"こたえる","words":[{"text":"こたえる","gloss":"to answer"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"れんしゅう(する)","gloss":"practice (to practice)"},{"word":"よしゅう(する)","gloss":"preparation, study in advance (to prepare)"},{"word":"じしゅう(する)","gloss":"self-study (to study by oneself)"},{"word":"ふくしゅう(する)","gloss":"review study (to review)"},{"word":"もんどう","gloss":"question and answer, dialogue"},{"word":"しつもん(する)","gloss":"question (to ask a question)"},{"word":"たる","gloss":"to suffice (v.i.) to be sufficient"},{"word":"たります","gloss":"polite form of TARU"},{"word":"やくす","gloss":"to translate (v.t.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Classroom phrases and study habits · Word list 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Classroom phrases in use","paragraphs":["The phrases combine the lesson's requests, current actions, and study words. *見せてください* means \"please show me,\" while *しています* means \"is doing.\"","*生徒は 前の ばんに よしゅうを します* describes preparation the previous night. *生徒は うちで ふくしゅうします* describes review at home."]}],"lines":[{"number":176,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.025","source":"見せてください","translation":"please show me (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"みせてください","words":[{"text":"見せてください","gloss":"please show me","reading":"みせてください"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.025.m4a"},{"number":177,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.026","source":"しています。","translation":"is doing (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"しています。","words":[{"text":"しています。","gloss":"is doing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.026.m4a"},{"number":178,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.027","source":"そっち","translation":"than one","reading":"そっち","words":[{"text":"そっち","gloss":"that one"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.027.m4a"},{"number":179,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.028","source":"ある","translation":"certain, some","reading":"ある","words":[{"text":"ある","gloss":"certain"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.028.m4a"},{"number":180,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.029","source":"ほかの","translation":"other","reading":"ほかの","words":[{"text":"ほかの","gloss":"other"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.029.m4a"},{"number":181,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.030","source":"日本語の はつおんは やさしいです。","translation":"The pronunciation of the Japanese language is easy.","reading":"にほんごのはつおんはやさしいです。","words":[{"text":"日本語のはつおんはやさしいです。","gloss":"pronunciation is easy","reading":"にほんごのはつおんはやさしいです。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.030.m4a"},{"number":182,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.031","source":"生徒は 前の ばんに よしゅうを します。","translation":"Students preview the lesson the previous night.","reading":"せいとはまえのばんによしゅうをします。","words":[{"text":"生徒は前のばんによしゅうをします。","gloss":"students preview lessons","reading":"せいとはまえのばんによしゅうをします。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.031.m4a"},{"number":183,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.032","source":"先生は 日本語で 生徒に しつもんします。","translation":"The teacher questions students in Japanese.","reading":"せんせいはにほんごでせいとにしつもんします。","words":[{"text":"先生は日本語で生徒にしつもんします。","gloss":"teacher questions students","reading":"せんせいはにほんごでせいとにしつもんします。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.032.m4a"},{"number":184,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.033","source":"先生と 生徒は 日本語で もんどうします。","translation":"The teacher and students carry out conversation in Japanese.","reading":"せんせいとせいとはにほんごでもんどうします。","words":[{"text":"先生と生徒は日本語でもんどうします。","gloss":"converse in Japanese","reading":"せんせいとせいとはにほんごでもんどうします。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.033.m4a"},{"number":185,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.034","source":"今から 生徒は じしゅうします。","translation":"Students prepare the lessons from now on.","reading":"いまからせいとはじしゅうします。","words":[{"text":"今から生徒はじしゅうします。","gloss":"students prepare lessons","reading":"いまからせいとはじしゅうします。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.034.m4a"},{"number":186,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.035","source":"生徒は うちで ふくしゅうします。","translation":"Students review the lesson at home.","reading":"せいとはうちでふくしゅうします。","words":[{"text":"生徒はうちでふくしゅうします。","gloss":"students review at home","reading":"せいとはうちでふくしゅうします。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.035.m4a"},{"number":187,"id":"ja.dli.L022.w.036","source":"ある 生徒は れんしゅうが たりません。","translation":"A certain student lacks preparation.","reading":"あるせいとはれんしゅうがたりません。","words":[{"text":"ある生徒はれんしゅうがたりません。","gloss":"student lacks preparation","reading":"あるせいとはれんしゅうがたりません。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L022.w.036.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"見せてください","gloss":"please show me (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"しています。","gloss":"is doing (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ほかの","gloss":"other"},{"word":"日本語のはつおんはやさしいです。","gloss":"\"The pronunciation of the Japanese language is easy.\""},{"word":"生徒は前のばんによしゅうをします。","gloss":"\"Students preview the lesson the previous night.\""},{"word":"先生は日本語で生徒にしつもんします。","gloss":"\"The teacher questions students in Japanese.\""},{"word":"先生と生徒は日本語でもんどうします。","gloss":"\"The teacher and students carry out conversation in Japanese.\""},{"word":"今から生徒はじしゅうします。","gloss":"\"Students prepare the lessons from now on.\""},{"word":"生徒はうちでふくしゅうします。","gloss":"\"Students review the lesson at home.\""},{"word":"ある生徒はれんしゅうがたりません。","gloss":"\"A certain student lacks preparation.\""}],"paradigms":[]}]}