{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L028","title":"Lesson 28","stage":"Sounds, kana, and the first conversations","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 28: weekend sports in monterey · dialogue 1 of 4, arranging a golf game · dialogue 2 of 4, swimming and other recreation · dialogue 3 of 4, fishing in rivers and sea · dialogue 4 of 4, listing varied activities · perception drill, plain statements and probability · perception drill, conditional statements with if · perception drill, actions happening immediately · perception drill, skill, listing activities and events · pattern 1 1 of 3, recreation, reasons, likes and dislikes · pattern 2 1 of 2, asking about preferences · pattern 2 2 of 2, describing people’s abilities · pattern 3 1 of 2, people with preferences and skills · pattern 3 2 of 2, plain and polite statements · pattern 4 1 of 3, confirming facts with tags · pattern 4 2 of 3, plain statements about people · pattern 4 3 of 3, making probable predictions · pattern 5 1 of 2, guessing ownership and outcomes · pattern 5 2 of 2, if conditions and responses · pattern 6 1 of 2, conditional advice and plans · pattern 6 2 of 2, immediate actions after events · pattern 7 1 of 3, immediate responses to prompts · pattern 7 2 of 3, immediate changes and actions · pattern 7 3 of 3, recreation in monterey · reading selection 1 of 3, swimming and fishing in monterey · reading selection 2 of 3, personal sporting habits · reading selection 3 of 3, monterey recreation questions · questions 1 of 2, fishing and golf questions · questions 2 of 2, words for sports facilities · word list 1 of 4, words for outdoor recreation · word list 2 of 4, ability, words for facilities and immediacy · word list 4 of 4.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/28","lines":276},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/27","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/29","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Weekend sports in Monterey · Dialogue 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Weekend sports in Monterey","paragraphs":["Two people discuss weekend recreation in Monterey. *週まつには 人々は どんなことを しますか* means \"What sort of things do people do during weekends?\"","*みんな ゴルフを やったり、 テニスを やったり します* means \"They all play golf, tennis, and such.\""]},{"title":"A thought and a list","paragraphs":["In *とても いい 所だと 思います*, *だ* stands inside the thought \"it is a very nice place.\"","In *ゴルフを やったり、 テニスを やったり します*, the two *たり* forms present golf and tennis as representative activities."]},{"title":"Kanji: 所","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L028.dlg.001","source":"モンテレーは いい 所ですね。","translation":"Monterey is a nice place, isn't it?","reading":"モンテレーはいいところですね。","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L028.dlg.002","source":"ええ、 とても いい 所だと 思います。","translation":"Yes, I think it's a very nice place.","reading":"ええ、とてもいいところだとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L028.dlg.003","source":"週まつには 人々は どんなことを しますか。","translation":"What sort of things do people do during weekends?","reading":"しゅうまつにはひとびとはどんなことをしますか。","words":[{"text":"週","gloss":"weekend","reading":"しゅう"},{"text":"まつ","gloss":"weekend"},{"text":"に","gloss":"during"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"人々","gloss":"people","reading":"ひとびと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what sort of"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"things"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L028.dlg.004","source":"みんな ゴルフを やったり、 テニスを やったり します。","translation":"They all play golf, tennis, and such.","reading":"みんなゴルフをやったり、テニスをやったりします。","words":[{"text":"みんな","gloss":"everyone"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"play"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"play"},{"text":"テニス","gloss":"tennis"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"play"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"play"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L028.dlg.005","source":"あなたは ゴルフや テニスを やりますか。","translation":"Do you play golf and tennis?","reading":"あなたはゴルフやテニスをやりますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"テニス","gloss":"tennis"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やり","gloss":"play"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.dlg.005.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"DA\n\nInflections\n\nDA is the informal equivalent of the copula DESU, and it is inflected as follows:\n\nName of Form | Form\nBasic form | DA\nAttributive form | NA\nConditional form | NARA (BA)\nConjectural form | DAROO\nTE form | DE\n-TA form | DATTA\n\nThe informal copula DA occurs only following nouns and pronouns and particles, e.g.,\n\nInformal | Formal\nKORE WA II HON DA. | KORE WA II HON DESU.\nARE WA TAROO DA. | ARE WA TAROO DESU.\n\n\"This is a good book.\"\n\n\"That's Taro.\"\n\nInformal | Formal\nSOO DA. | SOO DESU.\nHANAKO WA EIGO GA JOOZU DA. | HANAKO WA EIGO GA JOOZU DESU.\nKORE WA JIROO NO DA. | KORE WA JIROO NO DESU.\nTOOKYOO KARA DA. | TOOKYOO KARA DESU.\n\n\"That's right.\" \"Hanako is fluent in English.\" \"This is Jiro's.\" \"It's from Tokyo.\"\n\nDA never occurs directly following verbs and I-adjectives. However, it occurs after N(O) 'matter' preceded by verbs or I-adjectives, e.g.,\n\nASHITA IKU N(O) DA. \"I'm going tomorrow.\"\n\nSORE WA WARUI N(O) DA. \"That's bad.\"\n\nKINOO ITTA N(O) DA. \"I went yesterday.\"\n\nSHIRANAI N(O) DA. \"I don't know.\"\n\nUses of NARA\n\nThe conditional form of NARA occurs immediately after any word. However, N(O) 'matter' occurs frequently between verbs or I-adjectives and NARA. Thus, NARA functions almost like a particle and it means 'if (provided) it is, if (provided) something happens,' e.g.,\n\nSUKIYAKI NARA, TABEMASU. \"If it's SUKIYAKI, I'll eat.\"\n\nSOKO NARA, YASUI DESHOO. \"If it's that place, it's probably cheaper.\"\n\nTANAKA-SAN NARA, SHITTE IMASU. \"Mr. Tanaka knows it.\" (Lit: If it's Mr. Tanaka, then he knows it.)\n\nSAMUI (NO) NARA, MADO O OSHIME NASAI. \"If it's cold, close the window.\"\n\nGORUFU O YARU (NO) NARA, ASHITA NO HOO GA II DESU. \"If we play golf, tomorrow is better.\"\n\nUse of DAROO\n\nDAROO is the informal equivalent of DESHOO, and it is the less positive and less direct equivalent of DA. Thus, it informally infers the speaker's conjecture or guess, e.g.,\n\nTANAKA WA SENSEI DAROO. \"Tanaka is probably a teacher.\"\n\nHOKKAIDOO NO FUYU WA SAMUI (N) DAROO. \"I guess it's cold in the winter in HOKKAIDOO.\"\n\nASHITA WA ATSUI (N) DAROO. \"It'll probably be hot tomorrow.\"\n\nSASHIMI WA TABENAI (N) DAROO. \"He probably won't eat SASHIMI.\"\n\nRAISHUU KAERU (N) DAROO. \"He'll probably be back next week.\"\n\nMOO ITTA (N) DAROO. \"He's probably gone already.\"\n\nTOMODACHI KARA DAROO. \"It's probably from his friend.\""},{"section":2,"text":"YO\n\nLike the question particle KA, YO occurs at the end of sentences. It is a particle of emphasis, meaning that the sentence which contains it is being stated with assurance, e.g.,\n\nSOO DESU YO. \"That's (absolutely) right.\"\n\nSHOOSA JA ARIMASEN. TAI-I DESU YO. \"He is not Major. He is Captain.\"\n\nIn informal speech, the occurrence of DA at the end of sentences, and before the sentence-particle YO, is typical of men's speech. The omission of DA at the end of sentences occurs in the speech of both men and women, but before the sentence-particle, normally in the speech of\n\nwomen.\n\nExamples:\n\nFormal (Men and Woman) | Informal (Men) | Informal (Women)\nSOO DESU. | SOO DA. or SOO. | SOO.\nSOO DESU YO. | SOO DA YO. | SOO YO."},{"section":3,"text":"--TARI --TARI SURU\n\nThe -TARI form of the verb, I-adjective, and copula is formed by adding -RI to the -TA form, e.g.,\n\nBasic form | -TA form | -TARI form\nKAKU | KAITA | KAITARI\nIKU | ITTA | ITTARI\nHANASU | HANASHITA | HANASHITARI\nTATSU | TATTA | TATTARI\nFURU | FUTTA | FUTTARI\nTSUKAU | TSUKATTA | TSUKATTARI\nTOBU | TONDA | TONDARI\nYOMU | YONDA | YONDARI\nSHINU | SHINDA | SHINDARI\nOYOGU | OYOIDA | OYOIDARI\n\n| | \nOKIRU | OKITA | OKITARI\nTABERU | TABETA | TABETARI\nKURU | KITA | KITARI\nSURU | SHITA | SHITARI\n\nNormally two -TARI forms occur within one sentence although there are occasions when only one or more than two -TARI forms occur in one sentence. The -TARI form occurring last in the series is usually followed by a form of the verb SURU 'do.' The -TARI form implies several meanings. It is used to state an action that is representative of several. -TARI forms may be used in pairs to show either alternative, distributive, or representative actions. Sometimes three or more -TARI forms may occur within one sentence to show either distributive or representative actions.\n\nExamples:\n\nRepresentative\n\nSHUUMATSU NI WA GORUFU O SHITARI SHITE, UNDOO SHIMASU. \"I play golf (among other things) and do exercise during weekends.\"\n\nSUMISU-SAN WA MAIBAN YOSHUU SHITARI FUKUSHUU SHITARI SHITE, YOKU BENKYOO SHIMASU. \"Mr. Smith reviews and prepares lessons and (thus) studies hard every night.\"\n\nAlternative\n\nKODOMO GA DETARI HAITTARI SHITE, YOKU BENKYOO SURU KOTO GA DEKIMASEN. \"The children get in and out so I can't study well.\"\n\nGURIIN-SAN WA GINZA O ITTARI KITARI SHIMASHITA. \"Mr. Green went back and forth on Ginza.\"\n\nDistributive\n\nSEITO-TACHI WA JI O KAITARI, HON O YONDARI, HANASHITARI SHITE, FUKUSHUU SHITE IMASU. \"The students are writing characters, reading books, or talking and (thus) they are reviewing lessons.\""},{"section":4,"text":"NA-adjectives\n\nCopula nouns\n\nThe word SUKI 'fond, likable' is a special kind of noun. It occurs before the copula DESU or DA, e.g.,\n\nWATAKUSHI WA KODOMO GA SUKI DESU. \"I am fond of children\" or \"I like children.\"\n\nIn previous lessons, many examples of the noun plus NO plus noun construction have been introduced, in which the first noun describes the second, e.g.,\n\nNIPPONGO NO SEITO 'students of the Japanese language'\n\nKAIHEITAI NO GOCHOO 'a corporal in the Marine Corps'\n\nNIPPON NO GAKKOO 'schools in Japan'\n\nANATA NO HON 'your book'\n\nHowever, when SUKI describes another noun, NA instead of NO occurs between the two words, e.g.,\n\nSUKI NA HITO 'a person that someone likes (or is fond of)'\n\nAll such words describe qualities and they are called copula nouns (KEIYOO DOOSHI), but since not all quality words are copula nouns, they must be memorized as they are introduced. The copula nouns previously introduced are: GENKI 'good spirits,' KIREI 'pretty, neat, clean,' HETA 'unskillful,' JOOZU 'skillful,' and KIRAI 'dislikable.'\n\nA copula noun plus NA, therefore, forms a NA-adjective.\n\nCopula nouns generally do not occur as the subject of sentences.\n\nInflections of NA-adjectives\n\nNA-adjectives are inflected as follows:\n\nName of form | Form\nAdverbial form | NI\nBasic form | DA (or DESU)\nAttributive form | NA\nConditional form | NARA(BA)\nConjectural form | DAROO (or DESHOO)\nTE form | DE (or DESHITE)\n-TA form | DATTA (or DESHITA)\n\nNote that the inflections of NA-adjectives are the same as those of the copula DA except that the former has the additional form NI called 'adverbial.'\n\nUses of the inflected forms of NA-adjectives.\n\nAll the inflected forms of NA-adjectives except their adverbial and attributive forms are used exactly like those of the copula DA.\n\nThe adverbial form NI is used as an adverb, e.g.,\n\nBURAUN-SAN WA NIPPONGO O JOOZU NI HANASHIMASU. \"Mr. Brown speaks Japanese fluently.\"\n\nSUMISU-SAN WA KANJI O KIREI NI KAKIMASHITA. \"Mr. Smith wrote KANJI neatly.\"\n\nAs was described previously, the attributive form NA is used to describe a noun that follows it as in the following example:\n\nSUMISU-SAN WA KIREI NA KANJI O KAKIMASHITA. \"Mr. Smith wrote neat KANJI.\"\n\nNote in the following examples that, unlike I-adjectives, the form of NA-adjectives for attributive use differs from that for predicative use:\n\nAttributive | Predicate\nKORE WA CHIISAI HEYA DESU. | KONO HEYA WA CHIISAI DESU.\n\"This is a small room.\" | \"This room is small.\"\nKORE WA KIREI NA HANA DESU. | KONO HANA WA KIREI DESU.\n\"This is a pretty flower.\" | \"This flower is pretty.\"\n\nWhen NA-word like SUKI is used in an expression like \"I like something,\" the particle GA is used instead of O, e.g.,\n\nWATAKUSHI WA ANO KATA GA SUKI DESU. \"I like that person.\"\n\nTANAKA-SAN WA TSURI GA SUKI DESHOO. \"I think Mr. Tanaka likes fishing.\"\n\nTAROO WA HANAKO GA SUKI DE, MAINICHI ISSHO NI ASONDE IMASU. \"Taro likes Hanako and he plays with her everyday.\"\n\nJIROO WA YOSHIKO GA SUKI DESHITA. \"Jiro liked Yoshiko.\""},{"section":5,"text":"Non-past (or basic) form of a verb plus TO plus SUGU (NI).\n\nThe word SUGU means 'immediately, soon,' and it may be followed by NI without changing its meaning, e.g.,\n\nSUGU KITE KUDASAI. \"Please come immediately.\"\n\nThe construction 'non-past (or basic) form of a verb plus TO SUGU (NI)' means 'as soon as (someone does something or something happens),' e.g.,\n\nUCHI E KAERU TO SUGU, YUUHAN O TABEMASU. \"I eat dinner as soon as I go home.\"\n\nASA OKIRU TO SUGU, MADO O AKEMASU. \"I open windows as soon as I get up in the morning.\""}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"とても","gloss":"very, indeed"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"人々","gloss":"people"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"みんな","gloss":"all"},{"word":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"word":"テニス","gloss":"tennis"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Arranging a golf game · Dialogue 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Arranging a golf game","paragraphs":["Two people compare their ability and preferences, then arrange a golf game. *私は ゴルフが 好きです* means \"I like golf.\"","In *ゴルフを やるのなら、 明日が いいですが*, playing golf is the condition for preferring tomorrow."]},{"title":"Preference and condition","paragraphs":["In *テニスは きらいですから、 ほとんど やりません*, dislike gives the reason for hardly playing tennis.","In *ゴルフを やるのなら*, *のなら* makes playing golf the condition for choosing tomorrow."]},{"title":"Kanji: 好","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 上, 下","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L028.dlg.006","source":"ゴルフは やりますが 下手です。 テニスは きらいですから、 ほとんど やりません。","translation":"I play golf but I am not good at it. I dislike tennis, so I hardly ever play it.","reading":"ゴルフはやりますがへたです。テニスはきらいですから、ほとんどやりません。","words":[{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やり","gloss":"play"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が","gloss":"but"},{"text":"下手","gloss":"unskilled","reading":"へた"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"テニス","gloss":"tennis"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きらい","gloss":"dislike"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ほとんど","gloss":"hardly ever"},{"text":"やり","gloss":"play"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.dlg.006.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L028.dlg.007","source":"私は ゴルフが 好きです。 上手では ありませんがね。","translation":"I like golf. I'm not good at it, though.","reading":"わたくしはゴルフがすきです。じょうずではありませんがね。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"skillful","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"が","gloss":"though"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L028.dlg.008","source":"では、 いつか やりましょうか。","translation":"Shall we play sometime, then?","reading":"では、いつかやりましょうか。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"か","gloss":"some"},{"text":"やり","gloss":"play"},{"text":"ましょう","gloss":"let's"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L028.dlg.009","source":"そうですね。 ゴルフを やるのなら、 明日が いいですが、 どこで やりましょうか。","translation":"Well. If we are going to play golf, tomorrow will be nice, but where shall we play?","reading":"そうですね。ゴルフをやるのなら、あしたがいいですが、どこでやりましょうか。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やる","gloss":"play"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"なら、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"やり","gloss":"play"},{"text":"ましょう","gloss":"let's"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L028.dlg.010","source":"フォートオードの コースは どうですか。","translation":"How about a course at Fort Ord?","reading":"フォートオードのコースはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"フォート","gloss":"Fort"},{"text":"オード","gloss":"Ord"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"コース","gloss":"golf course"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.dlg.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"下手","gloss":"unskilled, poor in doing things"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"きらい","gloss":"dislike (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ほとんど","gloss":"almost (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"好き","gloss":"to like, be fond of (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"上手","gloss":"skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"いつ","gloss":"when?"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ましょう","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"やる","gloss":"to do"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"なら、","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Swimming and other recreation · Dialogue 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"A course and other recreation","paragraphs":["The speakers choose a military golf course, then discuss swimming and other recreation. *そこなら、 外の 所より 安いです* means \"It will be cheaper there than other places.\"","*その 外 どんな レクリエーションが ありますか* means \"What other recreations are there?\""]},{"title":"A place as the condition","paragraphs":["In *そこなら*, *なら* presents that place as the condition for the comparison.","*夕方には 大てい さむくなります* adds that it usually gets cold in the evening."]},{"title":"Kanji: 軍, 外","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 安, 夕","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L028.dlg.011","source":"そうですね。 軍人の コースですから、 そこなら、 外の 所より 安いです。","translation":"Well, since it's a course for military personnel, it will be cheaper there than other places.","reading":"そうですね。ぐんじんのコースですから、そこなら、ほかのところよりやすいです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"軍人","gloss":"military personnel","reading":"ぐんじん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"for"},{"text":"コース","gloss":"golf course"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"なら、","gloss":"if there"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"安い","gloss":"cheap","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L028.dlg.012","source":"では、 そこで やりましょう。","translation":"Let's play there, then.","reading":"では、そこでやりましょう。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"やり","gloss":"play"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.dlg.012.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L028.dlg.013","source":"あなたは 水えいを やりますか。","translation":"Do you swim?","reading":"あなたはすいえいをやりますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"水","gloss":"swimming","reading":"すい"},{"text":"えい","gloss":"swimming"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やり","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L028.dlg.014","source":"たまに やりますが、 ここの 気こうは あつくないから、 あまり およぎません。 夕方には 大てい さむくなります。","translation":"Once in a while I swim, but the climate here is not hot, so I don't swim very much. It usually gets cold in the evening.","reading":"たまにやりますが、ここのきこうはあつくないから、あまりおよぎません。ゆうがたにはたいていさむくなります。","words":[{"text":"たまに","gloss":"occasionally"},{"text":"やり","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"気","gloss":"climate","reading":"き"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"climate"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あつく","gloss":"hot"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"およぎ","gloss":"swim"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"夕方","gloss":"evening","reading":"ゆうがた"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大てい","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"さむく","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L028.dlg.015","source":"その 外 どんな レクリエーションが ありますか。","translation":"What other recreations are there?","reading":"そのほかどんなレクリエーションがありますか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"外","gloss":"besides","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"レクリエーション","gloss":"recreation"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.dlg.015.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"word":"より","gloss":"than (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"は、","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"たまに","gloss":"rarely, once in a while"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"word":"夕方","gloss":"evening"},{"word":"レクリエーション","gloss":"recreation"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Fishing in rivers and sea · Dialogue 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Fishing after school","paragraphs":["The speakers discuss fishing in rivers and the sea. *川には ますが 居ます* means \"There are trout in the stream.\"","*夏には 学校から かえると すぐ、 ほとんど 毎日 出かけます* means \"In summer I go almost every day as soon as I come home from school.\""]},{"title":"One event immediately after another","paragraphs":["In *かえると すぐ*, coming home is followed immediately by going out.","The verb *かえる* is non-past, while *出かけます* states the action that follows."]},{"title":"Kanji: 出","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 川","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L028.dlg.016","source":"つりが あります。","translation":"There is fishing.","reading":"つりがあります。","words":[{"text":"つり","gloss":"fishing"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L028.dlg.017","source":"あなたは つりを やるんですか。","translation":"Do you fish?","reading":"あなたはつりをやるんですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"つり","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やる","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L028.dlg.018","source":"ええ、 夏には 学校から かえると すぐ、 ほとんど 毎日 出かけます。","translation":"Yes, in summer I go almost everyday as soon as I come home from school.","reading":"ええ、なつにはがっこうからかえるとすぐ、ほとんどまいにちでかけます。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"かえる","gloss":"return home"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"すぐ、","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"ほとんど","gloss":"almost"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"出かけ","gloss":"go out","reading":"でかけ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.dlg.018.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L028.dlg.019","source":"どんな さかなが 居ますか。","translation":"What sort of fish are there?","reading":"どんなさかながいますか。","words":[{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"居","gloss":"exist","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L028.dlg.020","source":"川には ますが 居ます。 海には いろいろの さかなが 沢山 居ます。","translation":"There are trout in the stream. There are many kinds of fish in the sea.","reading":"かわにはますがいます。うみにはいろいろのさかながたくさんいます。","words":[{"text":"川","gloss":"stream","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"居","gloss":"exist","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"海","gloss":"sea","reading":"うみ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いろいろ","gloss":"various"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"居","gloss":"exist","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.dlg.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"つり","gloss":"fishing"},{"word":"夏","gloss":"summer"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"すぐ、","gloss":"right away, immediately"},{"word":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"word":"川","gloss":"river"},{"word":"海","gloss":"sea, ocean"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Listing varied activities · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"Writing, reading, and such","paragraphs":["*書いたり、 読んだり します* means \"I write, read, and such.\" The two actions are representative, not a complete sequence.","A たり form adds *り* to the past form. *書いた* becomes *書いたり*, and *読んだ* becomes *読んだり*."]},{"title":"The last action takes する","paragraphs":["Paired たり forms normally end with a form of *する*. In *日本語を べんきょうしたり、 さんぽしたり します*, *します* completes the series.","Here studying Japanese and taking walks are examples of what the speaker does."]}],"lines":[{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp1.01","source":"---たり---たり する。","translation":"to do --- among other things\" \"Sometimes do --- and sometimes do ---","reading":"---たり---たりする。","words":[{"text":"---","gloss":"something"},{"text":"たり---","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"する。","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp1.02","source":"書いたり、 読んだり します。","translation":"I write, read, and such.","reading":"かいたり、よんだりします。","words":[{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"読ん","gloss":"read","reading":"よん"},{"text":"だり","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp1.03","source":"見たり、 聞いたり します。","translation":"I look, listen, and such.","reading":"みたり、きいたりします。","words":[{"text":"見","gloss":"look","reading":"み"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"聞い","gloss":"listen","reading":"きい"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp1.04","source":"べんきょうしたり、 あそんだり します。","translation":"I study, play, and such.","reading":"べんきょうしたり、あそんだりします。","words":[{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"あそん","gloss":"play"},{"text":"だり","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp1.05","source":"たったり、 こしかけたり します。","translation":"I stand up, sit down, and such.","reading":"たったり、こしかけたりします。","words":[{"text":"たっ","gloss":"stand up"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"こしかけ","gloss":"sit down"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp1.06","source":"あなたは 土曜日には 何を しますか。","translation":"What do you do on Saturdays?","reading":"あなたはどようびにはなにをしますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"土曜","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"どよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"び"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp1.07","source":"日本語を べんきょうしたり、 さんぽしたり します。","translation":"I study Japanese, take walks, and such.","reading":"にほんごをべんきょうしたり、さんぽしたりします。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"さんぽ","gloss":"take walks"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp1.08","source":"日曜日には 何を しますか。","translation":"What do you do on Sundays?","reading":"にちようびにはなにをしますか。","words":[{"text":"日曜","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"にちよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"び"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp1.09","source":"しんぶんや ざっしを 読んだり、 子供たちと あそんだり します。","translation":"I read newspapers and magazines, play with the children, and such.","reading":"しんぶんやざっしをよんだり、こどもたちとあそんだりします。","words":[{"text":"しんぶん","gloss":"newspapers"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazines"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読ん","gloss":"read","reading":"よん"},{"text":"だり、","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"plural"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"あそん","gloss":"play"},{"text":"だり","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp1.10","source":"あなたは 夜 家で どんなことを しますか。","translation":"What sort of things do you do at home in the evening?","reading":"あなたはよるいえでどんなことをしますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"夜","gloss":"evening","reading":"よる"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"things"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp1.11","source":"ふくしゅうしたり、 よしゅうしたり します。","translation":"I review, prepare for lessons, and such.","reading":"ふくしゅうしたり、よしゅうしたりします。","words":[{"text":"ふくしゅう","gloss":"review"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"よ","gloss":"prepare lessons"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"prepare lessons"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp1.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"さんぽ","gloss":"strolling"},{"word":"夜","gloss":"night, evening"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"ふくしゅう","gloss":"review"},{"word":"しゅう","gloss":"state"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Plain statements and probability · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"Plain だ and probable だろう","paragraphs":["*これは いい 本だ* means \"This is a good book.\" After a noun, plain *だ* corresponds to polite *です*.","*あの人は 知らないだろう* means \"He probably does not know.\" Plain *だろう* states a guess and can follow a verb directly."]},{"title":"Assurance at the end","paragraphs":["*SOO DESU YO* means \"That is absolutely right.\" Final *YO* shows that the speaker states the sentence with assurance.","In informal speech, men may say *SOO DA YO*. Women normally omit *DA* before *YO* and say *SOO YO*."]}],"lines":[{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp2.01","source":"これは いい 本だ。","translation":"This is a good book.","reading":"これはいいほんだ。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp2.01.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp2.02","source":"あの人は 知らないだろう。","translation":"He probably doesn't know.","reading":"あのひとはしらないだろう。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"知ら","gloss":"know","reading":"しら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp2.02.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp2.03","source":"いい雨だね。","translation":"It's a nice rain, isn't it?","reading":"いいあめだね。","words":[{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp2.03.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp2.04","source":"これで 木や草が あおくなるだろう。","translation":"This will probably make the trees and grass green.","reading":"これできやくさがあおくなるだろう。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"木","gloss":"trees","reading":"き"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"草","gloss":"grass","reading":"くさ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あおく","gloss":"green"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp2.04.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp2.05","source":"山本さんは 日本へ 行きますか。","translation":"Is Mr. Yamamoto going to Japan?","reading":"やまもとさんはにほんへいきますか。","words":[{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp2.05.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp2.06","source":"ええ、 行くだろうと 思います。","translation":"Yes, I think he probably will.","reading":"ええ、いくだろうとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp2.06.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp2.07","source":"モンテレーは いい 所だと 思いますか。","translation":"Do you think Monterey is a nice place?","reading":"モンテレーはいいところだとおもいますか。","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp2.07.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp2.08","source":"ええ、 とても いい 所だと 思います。","translation":"Yes, I think it's a very nice place.","reading":"ええ、とてもいいところだとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp2.08.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp2.09","source":"今日は 火曜日だね。","translation":"Today is Tuesday, isn't it?","reading":"きょうはかようびだね。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"火曜","gloss":"Tuesday","reading":"かよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Tuesday","reading":"び"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp2.09.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp2.10","source":"そうだ。","translation":"That's right.","reading":"そうだ。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that way"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp2.10.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"本","gloss":"numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)"},{"word":"だ。","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"木","gloss":"tree, wood"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Conditional statements with if · Perception drill, Block 3","teaching":[{"title":"If this is the case","paragraphs":["*ひらがななら 知っています* means \"If you mean hiragana, I know it.\" Here *なら* directly follows the noun condition.","*あなたが 行くのなら、 私も 行きます* means \"If you are going, I will go too.\" After the verb, *の* comes before *なら*."]}],"lines":[{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp3.01","source":"なら","translation":"if\", \"if it is","reading":"なら","words":[{"text":"なら","gloss":"if it is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp3.01.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp3.02","source":"ひらがななら 知っています。","translation":"If you mean hiragana, I know it.","reading":"ひらがなならしっています。","words":[{"text":"ひらがな","gloss":"hiragana"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"if it is"},{"text":"知っ","gloss":"know","reading":"しっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"know"},{"text":"い","gloss":"know"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"know"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp3.02.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp3.03","source":"じどうしゃなら はやいです。","translation":"If you mean an automobile, it is fast.","reading":"じどうしゃならはやいです。","words":[{"text":"じどう","gloss":"automobile"},{"text":"しゃ","gloss":"automobile"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"if it is"},{"text":"はやい","gloss":"fast"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp3.03.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp3.04","source":"いい 天気なら 行きます。","translation":"If the weather is good, I will go.","reading":"いいてんきならいきます。","words":[{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"if it is"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp3.04.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp3.05","source":"あなたが 行くのなら、 私も 行きます。","translation":"If you are going, I will go too.","reading":"あなたがいくのなら、わたくしもいきます。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"なら、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp3.05.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp3.06","source":"あなたが 行かないのなら、 私も 行きません。","translation":"If you aren't going, I won't go either.","reading":"あなたがいかないのなら、わたくしもいきません。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"なら、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp3.06.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp3.07","source":"さむいのなら、 これを きなさい。","translation":"If you're cold, put this on.","reading":"さむいのなら、これをきなさい。","words":[{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"なら、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"き","gloss":"put on"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"command"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp3.07.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp3.08","source":"はくぼくは どこに ありますか。","translation":"Where is the chalk?","reading":"はくぼくはどこにありますか。","words":[{"text":"はく","gloss":"chalk"},{"text":"ぼく","gloss":"chalk"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp3.08.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp3.09","source":"はくぼくなら、 その 大きい はこの 中に あります。","translation":"If you mean the chalk, it is in that large box.","reading":"はくぼくなら、そのおおきいはこのなかにあります。","words":[{"text":"はく","gloss":"chalk"},{"text":"ぼく","gloss":"chalk"},{"text":"なら、","gloss":"if it is"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"box"},{"text":"この","gloss":"box"},{"text":"中","gloss":"inside","reading":"なか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp3.09.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp3.10","source":"あの じどうしゃを 買いませんか。","translation":"Won't you buy that automobile?","reading":"あのじどうしゃをかいませんか。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"じどう","gloss":"automobile"},{"text":"しゃ","gloss":"automobile"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp3.10.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp3.11","source":"安いのなら 買いますが、 安いんですか。","translation":"I'll buy it if it's cheap, but is it cheap?","reading":"やすいのならかいますが、やすいんですか。","words":[{"text":"安い","gloss":"cheap","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"if"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"安い","gloss":"cheap","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp3.11.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp3.12","source":"さむいのなら、 これを きなさい。","translation":"If you're cold, put this on.","reading":"さむいのなら、これをきなさい。","words":[{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"なら、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"き","gloss":"put on"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"command"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp3.12.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp3.13","source":"ありがとう ございますが、 さむくは ありません。","translation":"Thank you, but I'm not cold.","reading":"ありがとうございますが、さむくはありません。","words":[{"text":"ありがとう","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"ござい","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"さむく","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp3.13.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp3.14","source":"これは みんなの人が 買うのですか。","translation":"Does everyone buy this?","reading":"これはみんなのひとがかうのですか。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"みんな","gloss":"everyone"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp3.14.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp3.15","source":"そうです。","translation":"That's right.","reading":"そうです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp3.15.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp3.16","source":"みんなの人が 買うのなら、 私も 買います。","translation":"If everyone buys it, I will buy it too.","reading":"みんなのひとがかうのなら、わたくしもかいます。","words":[{"text":"みんな","gloss":"everyone"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy it","reading":"かう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"なら、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy it","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp3.16.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"なら","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ひらがな","gloss":"HIRAGANA syllabary"},{"word":"はやい","gloss":"fast, quick, early"},{"word":"天気","gloss":"weather"},{"word":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"word":"き","gloss":"counter for airplanes (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"はく","gloss":"to wear (on feet or legs)"},{"word":"買う","gloss":"to buy"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Actions happening immediately · Perception drill, Block 4","teaching":[{"title":"As soon as it happens","paragraphs":["*家へ かえると すぐ しんぶんを 読みます* means \"I read the newspaper as soon as I get home.\"","A non-past verb plus *と すぐ* means that the next event happens immediately. *に* may follow *すぐ* without changing the meaning."]},{"title":"The first event stays non-past","paragraphs":["*雨が 降ると すぐ あおく なります* means \"It turns green as soon as it rains.\"","The event before *とすぐ* uses the non-past form, while the ending states the resulting change."]}],"lines":[{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp4.01","source":"学校から かえるとすぐ(に) 出かけます。","translation":"As soon as I come home from school, I go out.","reading":"がっこうからかえるとすぐ(に)でかけます。","words":[{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"かえる","gloss":"come home"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"(に)","gloss":"then"},{"text":"出かけ","gloss":"go out","reading":"でかけ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp4.01.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp4.02","source":"あなたは 家へ かえると すぐ 何を しますか。","translation":"What do you do as soon as you get home?","reading":"あなたはいえへかえるとすぐなにをしますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"かえる","gloss":"get home"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp4.02.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp4.03","source":"家へ かえると すぐ しんぶんを 読みます。","translation":"I read the newspaper as soon as I get home.","reading":"いえへかえるとすぐしんぶんをよみます。","words":[{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"かえる","gloss":"get home"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"しんぶん","gloss":"newspaper"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読み","gloss":"read","reading":"よみ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp4.03.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp4.04","source":"あなたは 家へ かえると すぐ よしゅうを はじめますか。","translation":"Do you start preparing for your lessons as soon as you get home?","reading":"あなたはいえへかえるとすぐよしゅうをはじめますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"かえる","gloss":"get home"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"よ","gloss":"lesson preparation"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"lesson preparation"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はじめ","gloss":"start"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp4.04.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp4.05","source":"いいえ、 夕はんの 後で よしゅうや ふくしゅうを します。","translation":"No, I prepare for my lessons and review after dinner.","reading":"いいえ、ゆうはんのあとでよしゅうやふくしゅうをします。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"夕はん","gloss":"dinner","reading":"ゆうはん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"後","gloss":"after","reading":"あと"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"よ","gloss":"lesson preparation"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"lesson preparation"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"ふくしゅう","gloss":"review"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp4.05.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp4.06","source":"今、 山の 草は ちゃいろですね。","translation":"The grass on the mountains is brown now, isn’t it?","reading":"いま、やまのくさはちゃいろですね。","words":[{"text":"今、","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountains","reading":"やま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"on"},{"text":"草","gloss":"grass","reading":"くさ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ちゃいろ","gloss":"brown"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp4.06.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp4.07","source":"ええ、 でも 雨が 降ると すぐ あおく なります。","translation":"Yes, but it turns green as soon as it rains.","reading":"ええ、でもあめがふるとすぐあおくなります。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も","gloss":"but"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"falls","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"あおく","gloss":"green"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp4.07.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp4.08","source":"子供さんたちは どうしましたか。","translation":"What did the children do?","reading":"こどもさんたちはどうしましたか。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"polite title"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"plural"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp4.08.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp4.09","source":"あなたを 見ると すぐ 家の 中に はいりました。","translation":"As soon as they saw you, they went into the house.","reading":"あなたをみるとすぐいえのなかにはいりました。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"saw","reading":"みる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中","gloss":"inside","reading":"なか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"はいり","gloss":"went in"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp4.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"すぐ","gloss":"right away, immediately"},{"word":"(に)","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"はじめ","gloss":"beginning"},{"word":"山","gloss":"mountain"},{"word":"ちゃいろ","gloss":"brown"},{"word":"降る","gloss":"to fall (rain) (v.i.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Skill, preference and appearance · Perception drill, Block 5","teaching":[{"title":"Quality words before です","paragraphs":["*あの生徒の 日本語は きれいです* means \"That student's Japanese is beautiful.\" *きれい* describes a quality but is not an I-adjective.","*上手*, *下手*, *好き*, *きらい*, and *きれい* belong to the same group. Each can stand before *です*."]},{"title":"な before a noun","paragraphs":["Before a noun, these words take *な* and form a NA-adjective. *KORE WA KIREI NA HANA DESU* means \"This is a pretty flower.\"","At the end of *あの生徒の 日本語は きれいです*, there is no *な*."]}],"lines":[{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp5.01","source":"上手、 下手、 好き、 きらい、 きれい","translation":"skillful\", \"unskillful\", \"like\", \"dislike\", \"pretty","reading":"じょうず、へた、すき、きらい、きれい","words":[{"text":"上手、","gloss":"skillful"},{"text":"下手、","gloss":"unskillful"},{"text":"好き、","gloss":"like"},{"text":"きらい、","gloss":"dislike"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp5.01.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L028.gp5.02","source":"あの生徒の 日本語は きれいです。","translation":"That student's Japanese is beautiful.","reading":"あのせいとのにほんごはきれいです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"beautiful"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.gp5.02.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"上手、","gloss":"skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"下手、","gloss":"unskilled, poor in doing things"},{"word":"好き、","gloss":"to like, be fond of (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"きらい、","gloss":"dislike (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Listing activities and events · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Examples, not a full sequence","paragraphs":["*テニスを やったり、 ゴルフを やったり します* means \"I play tennis and golf among other things.\"","The two sports are examples of the activities the speaker does, not a complete sequence."]},{"title":"Events also use the pattern","paragraphs":["*冬には 雨が 降ったり、 雪が 降ったり します* means \"In winter, it rains, snows, and such.\"","Here the paired forms present rain and snow as representative winter events."]}],"lines":[{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.m1","source":"テニスを やったり、 ゴルフを やったり します。","translation":"I play tennis and golf among other things.","reading":"テニスをやったり、ゴルフをやったりします。","words":[{"text":"テニス","gloss":"tennis"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"play"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"play"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.01","source":"冬には 雨が 降ったり、 雪が 降ったり します。","translation":"In winter, it rains, snows, and such.","reading":"ふゆにはあめがふったり、ゆきがふったりします。","words":[{"text":"冬","gloss":"winter","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降っ","gloss":"fall","reading":"ふっ"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"雪","gloss":"snow","reading":"ゆき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降っ","gloss":"fall","reading":"ふっ"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.02","source":"日曜日には、 さんぽしたり、 つりに 行ったり します。","translation":"On Sundays, I take walks, go fishing, and such.","reading":"にちようびには、さんぽしたり、つりにいったりします。","words":[{"text":"日曜","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"にちよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"び"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さんぽ","gloss":"take walks"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"つり","gloss":"fishing"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.03","source":"日本では 人々は くつを はいたり、 げたを はいたり します。","translation":"In Japan, people wear shoes, wooden clogs, and such.","reading":"にほんではひとびとはくつをはいたり、げたをはいたりします。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"人々","gloss":"people","reading":"ひとびと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はい","gloss":"wear"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"げた","gloss":"wooden clogs"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はい","gloss":"wear"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.04","source":"雨が 降ったり、 かぜが ふいたり します。","translation":"It rains, the wind blows, and such.","reading":"あめがふったり、かぜがふいたりします。","words":[{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降っ","gloss":"fall","reading":"ふっ"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"wind"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ふい","gloss":"blow"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.05","source":"学校では 本を 読んだり、 字を 書いたり します。","translation":"At school, we read books, write characters, and such.","reading":"がっこうではほんをよんだり、じをかいたりします。","words":[{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"本","gloss":"books","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読ん","gloss":"read","reading":"よん"},{"text":"だり、","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"字","gloss":"characters","reading":"じ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.06","source":"日本人は どんなものを きますか。","translation":"What sort of things do Japanese people wear?","reading":"にほんじんはどんなものをきますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese people"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese people"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what sort of"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"things"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"き","gloss":"wear"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.07","source":"きものを きたり、 ようふくを きたり します。","translation":"They wear kimonos, Western-style clothes, and such.","reading":"きものをきたり、ようふくをきたりします。","words":[{"text":"きもの","gloss":"kimonos"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"き","gloss":"wear"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"ようふく","gloss":"Western clothes"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"き","gloss":"wear"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.08","source":"先週の 日曜日には どんなことを しましたか。","translation":"What sort of things did you do last Sunday?","reading":"せんしゅうのにちようびにはどんなことをしましたか。","words":[{"text":"先週","gloss":"last week","reading":"せんしゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"日曜","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"にちよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"び"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what sort of"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"things"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"冬","gloss":"winter"},{"word":"雪","gloss":"snow"},{"word":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"word":"げた","gloss":"wooden clogs"},{"word":"かぜ","gloss":"wind"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"},{"word":"きもの","gloss":"KIMONO"},{"word":"ようふく","gloss":"suit, western-style clothes"},{"word":"先週","gloss":"last week"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Recreation, school and movement · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Present and past series","paragraphs":["*つりを したり、 ボーリングを したり します* means \"I fish, bowl, and such.\" The final *します* places the series in the non-past.","*ゴルフを やったり、 ともだちの 家へ 行ったり しました* means \"I played golf, went to a friend's house, and such.\""]},{"title":"The ending sets the time","paragraphs":["The たり forms remain unchanged. The final *します* or *しました* sets the series in the non-past or past."]}],"lines":[{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.09","source":"ゴルフを やったり、 ともだちの 家へ 行ったり しました。","translation":"I played golf, went to a friend's house, and such.","reading":"ゴルフをやったり、ともだちのいえへいったりしました。","words":[{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"play"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"ともだち","gloss":"friend"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.10","source":"あなたは レクリエーションには どんなことを しますか。","translation":"What sort of things do you do for recreation?","reading":"あなたはレクリエーションにはどんなことをしますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"レクリエーション","gloss":"recreation"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what sort of"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"things"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.11","source":"つりを したり、 ボーリングを したり します。","translation":"I fish, bowl, and such.","reading":"つりをしたり、ボーリングをしたりします。","words":[{"text":"つり","gloss":"fishing"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"ボーリング","gloss":"bowling"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.12","source":"学校で 何を しますか。","translation":"What do you do at school?","reading":"がっこうでなにをしますか。","words":[{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.13","source":"本を 読みます。","translation":"I read books.","reading":"ほんをよみます。","words":[{"text":"本","gloss":"books","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読み","gloss":"read","reading":"よみ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.14","source":"かん字を 書きます。","translation":"I write kanji.","reading":"かんじをかきます。","words":[{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.15","source":"子供たちは どうしましたか。","translation":"What did the children do?","reading":"こどもたちはどうしましたか。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"plural"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.15.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.16","source":"出ました。","translation":"They went out.","reading":"でました。","words":[{"text":"出","gloss":"went out","reading":"で"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.17","source":"はいりました。","translation":"They came in.","reading":"はいりました。","words":[{"text":"はいり","gloss":"came in"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.17.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ともだち","gloss":"friend"},{"word":"ボーリング","gloss":"bowling"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Reasons, posture and evidence · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Two events become examples","paragraphs":["*雨が 降りました* means \"It rained.\" *かぜが ふきました* means \"The wind blew.\"","Their past forms can become representative events in a paired *たり* pattern."]},{"title":"Posture and evidence","paragraphs":["*たって おしえます* and *こしかけて おしえます* give two ways of teaching.","*見ました* and *ききました* give two sources of evidence. Each pair can become representative actions."]}],"lines":[{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.18","source":"なぜ 行きませんでしたか。","translation":"Why didn't you go?","reading":"なぜいきませんでしたか。","words":[{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.19","source":"雨が 降りました。","translation":"It rained.","reading":"あめがふりました。","words":[{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"fall","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.20","source":"かぜが ふきました。","translation":"The wind blew.","reading":"かぜがふきました。","words":[{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"wind"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ふき","gloss":"blow"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.20.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.21","source":"先生は いつも たって おしえますか。","translation":"Does the teacher always teach standing up?","reading":"せんせいはいつもたっておしえますか。","words":[{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"たっ","gloss":"standing up"},{"text":"て","gloss":"standing up"},{"text":"おしえ","gloss":"teach"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.21.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.22","source":"たって おしえます。","translation":"He teaches standing up.","reading":"たっておしえます。","words":[{"text":"たって","gloss":"standing up"},{"text":"おしえ","gloss":"teach"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.22.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.23","source":"こしかけて おしえます。","translation":"He teaches sitting down.","reading":"こしかけておしえます。","words":[{"text":"こしかけ","gloss":"sitting down"},{"text":"て","gloss":"sitting down"},{"text":"おしえ","gloss":"teach"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.23.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.24","source":"どうして わかりましたか。","translation":"How did you know?","reading":"どうしてわかりましたか。","words":[{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"し","gloss":"how"},{"text":"て","gloss":"how"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"know"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.24.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.25","source":"見ました。","translation":"I saw it.","reading":"みました。","words":[{"text":"見","gloss":"saw it","reading":"み"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.25.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt1.26","source":"ききました。","translation":"I heard it.","reading":"ききました。","words":[{"text":"きき","gloss":"heard it"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt1.26.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"なぜ","gloss":"why?"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Likes and dislikes · Pattern 2 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The thing liked takes が","paragraphs":["*私は さかなが 好きです* means \"I like fish.\" With *好き*, the liked thing takes *が*.","*私は つりが 好きです* uses the same pattern for an activity: \"I like fishing.\""]},{"title":"An activity can take の","paragraphs":["*あの方は たべるのが 好きです* means \"That person likes to eat.\" Here *の* makes the verb an activity that *が* can mark.","*あの方は やさいが きらいです* uses *が* with the thing disliked."]}],"lines":[{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt2.m1","source":"私は あなたが 好きです。","translation":"I like you.","reading":"わたくしはあなたがすきです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt2.01","source":"私は さかなが 好きです。","translation":"I like fish.","reading":"わたくしはさかながすきです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt2.02","source":"私は つりが 好きです。","translation":"I like fishing.","reading":"わたくしはつりがすきです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"つり","gloss":"fishing"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt2.03","source":"あの方は たべるのが 好きです。","translation":"That person likes to eat.","reading":"あのかたはたべるのがすきです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"たべる","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"likes","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt2.04","source":"あの方は やさいが きらいです。","translation":"That person dislikes vegetables.","reading":"あのかたはやさいがきらいです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やさい","gloss":"vegetables"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"きらい","gloss":"dislikes"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt2.05","source":"私は べんきょうが きらいです。","translation":"I dislike studying.","reading":"わたくしはべんきょうがきらいです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"studying"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"きらい","gloss":"dislike"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt2.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking about preferences · Pattern 2 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Asking what someone likes","paragraphs":["*あなたは 何が 一番 好きですか* means \"What do you like best?\" The answer keeps *が*: *「てんぷら」が 一番 好きです*.","The question uses *何が* for the unknown preference, and the answer replaces it with *「てんぷら」が*."]},{"title":"Contrasting a dislike","paragraphs":["*いいえ、 ゴルフは 好きでは ありません* means \"No, I do not like golf.\"","The negative answer changes *が* to contrastive *は*, placing golf against things the speaker may like."]}],"lines":[{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt2.06","source":"あなたは 「すきやき」が 好きですか。","translation":"Do you like sukiyaki?","reading":"あなたは「すきやき」がすきですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"「すきやき」","gloss":"sukiyaki"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt2.07","source":"はい、 好きです。","translation":"Yes, I do.","reading":"はい、すきです。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt2.07.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt2.08","source":"あなたは 何が 一番 好きですか。","translation":"What do you like best?","reading":"あなたはなにがいちばんすきですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"best","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt2.09","source":"「てんぷら」が 一番 好きです。","translation":"I like tempura best.","reading":"「てんぷら」がいちばんすきです。","words":[{"text":"「てんぷら」","gloss":"tempura"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"best","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt2.10","source":"あなたは ゴルフが 好きですか。","translation":"Do you like golf?","reading":"あなたはゴルフがすきですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt2.11","source":"いいえ、 ゴルフは 好きでは ありません。","translation":"No, I don't like golf.","reading":"いいえ、ゴルフはすきではありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"contrast"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt2.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"一番","gloss":"number one (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Describing people’s abilities · Pattern 3 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Ability with が","paragraphs":["*あの アメリカ人は 日本語が 上手です* means \"That American is good in Japanese language.\" The area of ability takes *が*.","*私は えい語が 下手です* uses the same pattern for being poor at English."]},{"title":"な before the person described","paragraphs":["The NA-adjective form also applies to *上手* and *下手*.","*書くのが 下手な 生徒が 居ます* means \"There is a student who is not good at writing.\" *な* joins *下手* to *生徒*."]}],"lines":[{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt3.m1","source":"A. あの アメリカ人は 日本語が 上手です。","translation":"That American is good in Japanese language.","reading":"A.あのアメリカじんはにほんごがじょうずです。","words":[{"text":"A.","gloss":"speaker A"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"アメリカ","gloss":"American"},{"text":"人","gloss":"American","reading":"じん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"fluent","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt3.m1.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt3.01","source":"あの アメリカ人は 日本語が 上手です。","translation":"That American is good in Japanese language.","reading":"あのアメリカじんはにほんごがじょうずです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"アメリカ","gloss":"American"},{"text":"人","gloss":"American","reading":"じん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"fluent","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt3.01.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt3.02","source":"B. 日本語が 上手な アメリカ人が 沢山 居ます。","translation":"There are many Americans who are good in Japanese language.","reading":"B.にほんごがじょうずなアメリカじんがたくさんいます。","words":[{"text":"B.","gloss":"speaker B"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"fluent","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"な","gloss":"who is"},{"text":"アメリカ","gloss":"American"},{"text":"人","gloss":"American","reading":"じん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"居","gloss":"there are","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt3.02.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt3.03","source":"日本語が 上手な アメリカ人が 沢山 居ます。","translation":"There are many Americans who are good in Japanese language.","reading":"にほんごがじょうずなアメリカじんがたくさんいます。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"fluent","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"な","gloss":"who is"},{"text":"アメリカ","gloss":"American"},{"text":"人","gloss":"American","reading":"じん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"居","gloss":"there are","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt3.03.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt3.04","source":"あの生徒は かん字が 上手です。","translation":"That student is good at kanji.","reading":"あのせいとはかんじがじょうずです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good at","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt3.04.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt3.05","source":"私は えい語が 下手です。","translation":"I am not good at English.","reading":"わたくしはえいごがへたです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"えい語","gloss":"English"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"下手","gloss":"poor at","reading":"へた"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"am"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt3.05.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt3.06","source":"あの人は 読むのが 上手です。","translation":"That person is good at reading.","reading":"あのひとはよむのがじょうずです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"読む","gloss":"read","reading":"よむ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act of"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good at","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt3.06.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt3.07","source":"書くのが 下手な 生徒が 居ます。","translation":"There is a student who is not good at writing.","reading":"かくのがへたなせいとがいます。","words":[{"text":"書く","gloss":"write","reading":"かく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act of"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"下手","gloss":"poor at","reading":"へた"},{"text":"な","gloss":"who is"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"居","gloss":"there is","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt3.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"アメリカ","gloss":"America; U.S.A."}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"People with preferences and skills · Pattern 3 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Preference before a person","paragraphs":["*たべるのが きらいな 人は 居ません* means \"There is no one who dislikes eating.\"","In *きらいな 人*, *な* joins the preference word to the noun *人*."]},{"title":"A quality inside a larger statement","paragraphs":["*ゴルフが 好きな 人には、 モンテレーは いい 所ですね* means \"Monterey is a nice place for people who like golf.\"","The whole phrase *ゴルフが 好きな 人* identifies people by their preference."]}],"lines":[{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt3.08","source":"たべるのが きらいな 人は 居ません。","translation":"There is no one who dislikes eating.","reading":"たべるのがきらいなひとはいません。","words":[{"text":"たべる","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act of"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"きらい","gloss":"dislike"},{"text":"な","gloss":"who does"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"居","gloss":"there is","reading":"い"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt3.08.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt3.09","source":"日本には ゴルフが 上手な 人が 居ますか。","translation":"Are there people in Japan who are good at golf?","reading":"にほんにはゴルフがじょうずなひとがいますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good at","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"な","gloss":"who is"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"居","gloss":"there are","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt3.09.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt3.10","source":"ええ、 かなり 沢山 居ます。","translation":"Yes, there are quite a few.","reading":"ええ、かなりたくさんいます。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"かなり","gloss":"quite"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"居","gloss":"there are","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt3.10.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt3.11","source":"ゴルフが 好きな 人には、 モンテレーは いい 所ですね。","translation":"Monterey is a nice place for people who like golf, isn't it?","reading":"ゴルフがすきなひとには、モンテレーはいいところですね。","words":[{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"な","gloss":"who do"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt3.11.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt3.12","source":"ええ、 いい ゴルフコースが 沢山 ありますから。","translation":"Yes, because there are many good golf courses.","reading":"ええ、いいゴルフコースがたくさんありますから。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf course"},{"text":"コース","gloss":"golf course"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt3.12.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt3.13","source":"あなたは べんきょうが 好きですか。","translation":"Do you like studying?","reading":"あなたはべんきょうがすきですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"studying"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"do"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt3.13.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt3.14","source":"いいえ、 べんきょうは きらいです。","translation":"No, I dislike studying.","reading":"いいえ、べんきょうはきらいです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"studying"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きらい","gloss":"dislike"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt3.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"かなり","gloss":"fairly"},{"word":"から。","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Plain and polite statements · Pattern 4 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Plain and polite endings","paragraphs":["*今日は 水曜日だ* and *今日は 水曜日です* both mean \"Today is Wednesday.\" Plain *だ* corresponds to polite *です* after the noun.","The same contrast appears in *それは 間ちがいだ* and *それは 間ちがいです*."]},{"title":"After a preference or skill word","paragraphs":["NA-adjectives such as *上手* also take plain *だ* at the end of a statement.","*日本語が 上手だ* is plain, while *日本語が 上手です* is polite. Both mean \"He is good at Japanese.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.m1","source":"これは いい 本だ。","translation":"This is a good book.","reading":"これはいいほんだ。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.m1.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.01","source":"今日は 水曜日だ。","translation":"Today is Wednesday.","reading":"きょうはすいようびだ。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"水曜","gloss":"Wednesday","reading":"すいよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Wednesday","reading":"び"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.01.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.02","source":"今日は 水曜日です。","translation":"Today is Wednesday.","reading":"きょうはすいようびです。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"水曜","gloss":"Wednesday","reading":"すいよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Wednesday","reading":"び"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.02.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.03","source":"それは 間ちがいだ。","translation":"That's a mistake.","reading":"それはまちがいだ。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"間ちがい","gloss":"mistake","reading":"まちがい"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.03.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.04","source":"それは 間ちがいです。","translation":"That's a mistake.","reading":"それはまちがいです。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"間ちがい","gloss":"mistake","reading":"まちがい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.04.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.05","source":"日本語が 上手だ。","translation":"He's good at Japanese.","reading":"にほんごがじょうずだ。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good at","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.05.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.06","source":"日本語が 上手です。","translation":"He's good at Japanese.","reading":"にほんごがじょうずです。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good at","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.06.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.07","source":"日本が 好きだ。","translation":"I like Japan.","reading":"にほんがすきだ。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.07.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.08","source":"日本が 好きです。","translation":"I like Japan.","reading":"にほんがすきです。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"間ちがい","gloss":"mistake, error"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Confirming facts with tags · Pattern 4 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A plain fact","paragraphs":["*今日は 木曜日だ* means \"Today is Thursday.\" This is the plain *だ* used after a noun.","*そうだ* means \"That is right.\" It confirms the preceding statement in plain speech."]},{"title":"After explanatory ん","paragraphs":["*これは スミスが 書いたんだね* means \"Smith wrote this, didn't he?\"","A verb does not take *だ* directly. Here explanatory *ん* stands between *書いた* and *だ*."]}],"lines":[{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.09","source":"今日は 何曜日ですか。","translation":"What day of the week is it today?","reading":"きょうはなんようびですか。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何曜","gloss":"what weekday","reading":"なんよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"what weekday","reading":"び"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.09.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.10","source":"今日は 木曜日だ。","translation":"Today is Thursday.","reading":"きょうはもくようびだ。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"木曜","gloss":"Thursday","reading":"もくよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Thursday","reading":"び"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.10.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.11","source":"それは いい 本だね。","translation":"That's a good book, isn't it?","reading":"それはいいほんだね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.11.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.12","source":"ええ、 とても いい 本です。","translation":"Yes, it's a very good book.","reading":"ええ、とてもいいほんです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.12.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.13","source":"これは スミスが 書いたんだね。","translation":"Smith wrote this, didn't he?","reading":"これはスミスがかいたんだね。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"object"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.13.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.14","source":"そうだ。","translation":"That's right.","reading":"そうだ。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.14.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.15","source":"これは 私のです。","translation":"This is mine.","reading":"これはわたくしのです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"mine"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.15.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.16","source":"この花は きれいですね。","translation":"This flower is pretty, isn't it?","reading":"このはなはきれいですね。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"花","gloss":"flower","reading":"はな"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.16.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.17","source":"これは さくらです。","translation":"This is a cherry blossom.","reading":"これはさくらです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さくら","gloss":"cherry blossom"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.17.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"さくら","gloss":"cherry (flower)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Plain statements about people · Pattern 4 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Three places for だ","paragraphs":["*ぼうしだ* means \"It is a hat.\" The plain ending follows the noun directly.","*さけは きらいだ* means \"I dislike sake.\" The NA-adjective *きらい* also takes *だ*."]},{"title":"A verb before んだ","paragraphs":["*あの人は 日本へ 行くんだ* means \"That person is going to Japan.\"","Here explanatory *ん* stands between the verb *行く* and *だ*."]}],"lines":[{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.18","source":"私は さかなが きらいです。","translation":"I dislike fish.","reading":"わたくしはさかながきらいです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"きらい","gloss":"dislike"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.18.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.19","source":"あの生徒は 日本語が 上手です。","translation":"That student is good at Japanese.","reading":"あのせいとはにほんごがじょうずです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"fluent","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.19.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.20","source":"ぼうしだ。","translation":"It's a hat.","reading":"ぼうしだ。","words":[{"text":"ぼうし","gloss":"hat"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.20.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.21","source":"よこはまで 買ったんだ。","translation":"I bought it in Yokohama.","reading":"よこはまでかったんだ。","words":[{"text":"よこはま","gloss":"Yokohama"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.21.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.22","source":"さけは きらいだ。","translation":"I dislike sake.","reading":"さけはきらいだ。","words":[{"text":"さけ","gloss":"sake"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きらい","gloss":"dislike"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.22.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.23","source":"そうだ。","translation":"That's right.","reading":"そうだ。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.23.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt4.24","source":"あの人は 日本へ 行くんだ。","translation":"That person is going to Japan.","reading":"あのひとはにほんへいくんだ。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt4.24.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Making probable predictions · Pattern 5 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A plain guess","paragraphs":["*あの人は 日本語の 先生だろう* means \"That person is probably a Japanese teacher.\" *だろう* is the plain counterpart of polite *でしょう*.","The paired polite line, *あの人は 日本語の 先生でしょう*, has the same meaning."]},{"title":"Guesses beyond nouns","paragraphs":["*あの人は さかなが 好きだろう* gives a probable preference. *明日 サンフランシスコへ 行くんだろう* gives a probable event.","In each line, *だろう* marks the statement as a guess rather than a direct assertion."]}],"lines":[{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt5.m1","source":"あれは 女の子 だろう。","translation":"That probably is a girl.","reading":"あれはおんなのこだろう。","words":[{"text":"あれ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"女の子","gloss":"girl"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt5.m1.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt5.01","source":"あの人は 日本語の 先生だろう。","translation":"That person is probably a Japanese teacher.","reading":"あのひとはにほんごのせんせいだろう。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt5.01.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt5.02","source":"あの人は 日本語の 先生でしょう。","translation":"That person is probably a Japanese teacher.","reading":"あのひとはにほんごのせんせいでしょう。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt5.02.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt5.03","source":"あの人は さかなが 好きだろう。","translation":"That person probably likes fish.","reading":"あのひとはさかながすきだろう。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"likes","reading":"すき"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt5.03.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt5.04","source":"あの人は さかなが 好きでしょう。","translation":"That person probably likes fish.","reading":"あのひとはさかながすきでしょう。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"likes","reading":"すき"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt5.04.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt5.05","source":"明日 サンフランシスコへ 行くんだろう。","translation":"He's probably going to San Francisco tomorrow.","reading":"あしたサンフランシスコへいくんだろう。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt5.05.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt5.06","source":"明日 サンフランシスコへ 行くんでしょう。","translation":"He's probably going to San Francisco tomorrow.","reading":"あしたサンフランシスコへいくんでしょう。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt5.06.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt5.07","source":"明日は 雨でしょう。","translation":"It will probably rain tomorrow.","reading":"あしたはあめでしょう。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt5.07.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt5.08","source":"雨が 降ると 行かないでしょう。","translation":"If it rains, he probably won't go.","reading":"あめがふるといかないでしょう。","words":[{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"rain","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt5.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"女の子","gloss":"girl"},{"word":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Guessing ownership and outcomes · Pattern 5 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Ownership and completed action","paragraphs":["*山本さんのだろう* means \"It is probably Mr. Yamamoto's.\" The particle *の* comes before *だろう*.","*あの人は もう かえっただろう* gives a probable completed return home. *だろう* follows the past verb directly."]},{"title":"Future events and qualities","paragraphs":["*明日は 雨が 降るだろう* states a probable future event. *かん字は むずかしいだろう* states a probable quality.","Plain *だろう* can follow verbs and I-adjectives directly."]}],"lines":[{"number":157,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt5.09","source":"土曜日でしょう。","translation":"It's probably Saturday.","reading":"どようびでしょう。","words":[{"text":"土曜","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"どよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"び"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt5.09.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt5.10","source":"さかなを 買いに 行くんでしょう。","translation":"You're going to buy fish, aren't you?","reading":"さかなをかいにいくんでしょう。","words":[{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt5.10.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt5.11","source":"これは あの人のでしょう。","translation":"This is probably that person's.","reading":"これはあのひとのでしょう。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt5.11.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt5.12","source":"山本さんのだろう。","translation":"It's probably Mr. Yamamoto's.","reading":"やまもとさんのだろう。","words":[{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt5.12.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt5.13","source":"あの人は もう かえっただろう。","translation":"That person has probably gone home already.","reading":"あのひとはもうかえっただろう。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"かえっ","gloss":"go home"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt5.13.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt5.14","source":"明日は 雨が 降るだろう。","translation":"It will probably rain tomorrow.","reading":"あしたはあめがふるだろう。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"rain","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt5.14.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt5.15","source":"山本さんは どこに 居るんだろうか。","translation":"I wonder where Mr. Yamamoto is.","reading":"やまもとさんはどこにいるんだろうか。","words":[{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"居る","gloss":"be","reading":"いる"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"wonder"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt5.15.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt5.16","source":"かん字は むずかしいだろう。","translation":"Kanji is probably difficult.","reading":"かんじはむずかしいだろう。","words":[{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt5.16.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"If conditions and responses · Pattern 6 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A noun condition","paragraphs":["*その 本なら、 私が もっています* means \"If it is that book, I have it.\" *なら* follows the noun directly.","This direct noun pattern also appears in *明日なら、 行くことが 出来ます*."]},{"title":"Verbs and I-adjectives take の","paragraphs":["*あなたが 行くのなら、 私も 行きます* means \"If you are going, I am going too.\"","*さむいのなら、 これを きなさい* means \"If you are cold, wear this.\" After a verb or I-adjective, *の* commonly precedes *なら*."]}],"lines":[{"number":165,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt6.m1","source":"A. その本なら、 私が もっています。","translation":"If it's that book, I have it.","reading":"A.そのほんなら、わたくしがもっています。","words":[{"text":"A.","gloss":"speaker A"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"なら、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"もっ","gloss":"have"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have"},{"text":"い","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"have"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt6.m1.m4a"},{"number":166,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt6.01","source":"その 本なら、 私が もっています。","translation":"If it's that book, I have it.","reading":"そのほんなら、わたくしがもっています。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"なら、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"もっ","gloss":"have"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have"},{"text":"い","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"have"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt6.01.m4a"},{"number":167,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt6.02","source":"B. あなたが 行くのなら、 私も 行きます。","translation":"If you are going, I'm going too.","reading":"B.あなたがいくのなら、わたくしもいきます。","words":[{"text":"B.","gloss":"speaker B"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"なら、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt6.02.m4a"},{"number":168,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt6.03","source":"あなたが 行くのなら、 私も 行きます。","translation":"If you are going, I'm going too.","reading":"あなたがいくのなら、わたくしもいきます。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"なら、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt6.03.m4a"},{"number":169,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt6.04","source":"C. さむいのなら、 これを きなさい。","translation":"If you are cold, wear this.","reading":"C.さむいのなら、これをきなさい。","words":[{"text":"C.","gloss":"speaker C"},{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"なら、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"き","gloss":"wear"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"command"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt6.04.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt6.05","source":"さむいのなら、 これを きなさい。","translation":"If you are cold, wear this.","reading":"さむいのなら、これをきなさい。","words":[{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"なら、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"き","gloss":"wear"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"command"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt6.05.m4a"},{"number":171,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt6.06","source":"その ざっしなら、 百円で 買うことが 出来ます。","translation":"If it's that magazine, you can buy it for one hundred yen.","reading":"そのざっしなら、ひゃくえんでかうことができます。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazine"},{"text":"なら、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"百","gloss":"one hundred","reading":"ひゃく"},{"text":"円","gloss":"yen","reading":"えん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"for"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"doing"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt6.06.m4a"},{"number":172,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt6.07","source":"明日なら、 行くことが 出来ます。","translation":"If it's tomorrow, I can go.","reading":"あしたなら、いくことができます。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"なら、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"doing"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt6.07.m4a"},{"number":173,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt6.08","source":"ゴルフを やるのなら、 日曜日の 方が いいです。","translation":"If you're going to play golf, Sunday is better.","reading":"ゴルフをやるのなら、にちようびのほうがいいです。","words":[{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やる","gloss":"play"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"なら、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"日曜","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"にちよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"び"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt6.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"百","gloss":"100"},{"word":"円","gloss":"yen (unit of money)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Conditional advice and plans · Pattern 6 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Advice from a condition","paragraphs":["*あついのなら、 まどを あけなさい* means \"If you are hot, open the window.\" The condition supports the advice.","*さむいのなら、 まどを しめなさい* uses the same form with the opposite condition and advice."]},{"title":"Plans from a condition","paragraphs":["*あなたが 来るのなら、 家に 居ます* means \"If you are coming, I will be home.\"","The *のなら* pattern makes the other person's action the condition for the plan."]}],"lines":[{"number":174,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt6.09","source":"あついのなら、 まどを あけなさい。","translation":"If you're hot, open the window.","reading":"あついのなら、まどをあけなさい。","words":[{"text":"あつい","gloss":"hot"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"なら、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"まど","gloss":"window"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あけ","gloss":"open"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"command"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt6.09.m4a"},{"number":175,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt6.10","source":"あなたが かえるのなら、 私も かえります。","translation":"If you're going home, I'll go home too.","reading":"あなたがかえるのなら、わたくしもかえります。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"かえる","gloss":"go home"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"なら、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"かえり","gloss":"go home"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt6.10.m4a"},{"number":176,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt6.11","source":"ここから サンフランシスコまで、 どのぐらい かかりますか。","translation":"How long does it take to get from here to San Francisco?","reading":"ここからサンフランシスコまで、どのぐらいかかりますか。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"text":"まで、","gloss":"to"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how long"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"how long"},{"text":"かかり","gloss":"take"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt6.11.m4a"},{"number":177,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt6.12","source":"ひこうきなら、 十五分しか かかりません。","translation":"By plane, it only takes fifteen minutes.","reading":"ひこうきなら、じゅうごふんしかかかりません。","words":[{"text":"ひ","gloss":"airplane"},{"text":"こうき","gloss":"airplane"},{"text":"なら、","gloss":"by"},{"text":"十","gloss":"fifteen"},{"text":"五","gloss":"fifteen"},{"text":"分","gloss":"minutes"},{"text":"しか","gloss":"only"},{"text":"かかり","gloss":"take"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt6.12.m4a"},{"number":178,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt6.13","source":"この きょうしつは 少し さむいですね。","translation":"This classroom is a little cold, isn’t it?","reading":"このきょうしつはすこしさむいですね。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"きょうしつ","gloss":"classroom"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt6.13.m4a"},{"number":179,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt6.14","source":"さむいのなら、 まどを しめなさい。","translation":"If you are cold, close the window.","reading":"さむいのなら、まどをしめなさい。","words":[{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"なら、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"まど","gloss":"window"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"しめ","gloss":"close"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"command"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt6.14.m4a"},{"number":180,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt6.15","source":"あなたは 今ばん 家に 居ますか。","translation":"Will you be home tonight?","reading":"あなたはこんばんいえにいますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こん"},{"text":"ばん","gloss":"tonight"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"居","gloss":"be","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt6.15.m4a"},{"number":181,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt6.16","source":"あなたが 来るのなら、 家に 居ます。","translation":"If you're coming, I'll be home.","reading":"あなたがくるのなら、いえにいます。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"come","reading":"くる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"なら、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"居","gloss":"be","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt6.16.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"あつい","gloss":"hot"},{"word":"まで、","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"どの","gloss":"which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"分","gloss":"minute"},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"},{"word":"ばん","gloss":"evening, night"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Immediate actions after events · Pattern 7 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"The event before とすぐ","paragraphs":["*家へ かえるとすぐ 夕はんを たべます* means \"I eat dinner as soon as I get home.\"","In this pattern, *かえる* is the non-past first event and *たべます* is the immediate action."]},{"title":"Changes also set the first event","paragraphs":["*あの人は 軍人に なるとすぐ 日本へ 行きました* means \"He went to Japan as soon as he became a serviceman.\"","The first verb stays non-past even though the immediate action ends in the past."]}],"lines":[{"number":182,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt7.m1","source":"私は 学校へ 来るとすぐ べんきょうを はじめます。","translation":"I'll start studying as soon as I come to school.","reading":"わたくしはがっこうへくるとすぐべんきょうをはじめます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"come","reading":"くる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はじめ","gloss":"start"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt7.m1.m4a"},{"number":183,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt7.01","source":"家へ かえるとすぐ 夕はんを たべます。","translation":"I eat dinner as soon as I get home.","reading":"いえへかえるとすぐゆうはんをたべます。","words":[{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かえる","gloss":"go home"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"夕はん","gloss":"dinner","reading":"ゆうはん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt7.01.m4a"},{"number":184,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt7.02","source":"学校が おわるとすぐ 家へ かえります。","translation":"I go home as soon as school is over.","reading":"がっこうがおわるとすぐいえへかえります。","words":[{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"おわる","gloss":"end"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かえり","gloss":"go home"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt7.02.m4a"},{"number":185,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt7.03","source":"生徒が 間ちがいを するとすぐ 先生は なおします。","translation":"As soon as a student makes a mistake, the teacher corrects it.","reading":"せいとがまちがいをするとすぐせんせいはなおします。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"間ちがい","gloss":"mistake","reading":"まちがい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"make"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なおし","gloss":"correct"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt7.03.m4a"},{"number":186,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt7.04","source":"朝 おきるとすぐ 朝はんを たべます。","translation":"I eat breakfast as soon as I get up in the morning.","reading":"あさおきるとすぐあさはんをたべます。","words":[{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"おきる","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"breakfast","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"はん","gloss":"breakfast"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt7.04.m4a"},{"number":187,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt7.05","source":"あの人は 軍人に なるとすぐ 日本へ 行きました。","translation":"He went to Japan as soon as he became a serviceman.","reading":"あのひとはぐんじんになるとすぐにほんへいきました。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"軍人","gloss":"serviceman","reading":"ぐんじん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt7.05.m4a"},{"number":188,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt7.06","source":"あなたは 家へ かえるとすぐ どうしますか。","translation":"What do you do as soon as you get home?","reading":"あなたはいえへかえるとすぐどうしますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かえる","gloss":"go home"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt7.06.m4a"},{"number":189,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt7.07","source":"家へ かえるとすぐ べんきょうを はじめます。","translation":"I start studying as soon as I get home.","reading":"いえへかえるとすぐべんきょうをはじめます。","words":[{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かえる","gloss":"go home"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はじめ","gloss":"start"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt7.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"おわる","gloss":"ends (v.i.)"},{"word":"朝","gloss":"morning"},{"word":"おきる","gloss":"to rise, get up (v.i.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Immediate responses to prompts · Pattern 7 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"An immediate answer","paragraphs":["*先生が しつもんするとすぐ 生徒は こたえます* means \"As soon as the teacher asks a question, the students answer.\"","The non-past event before *とすぐ* sets the point after which the response happens immediately."]},{"title":"Morning and calls","paragraphs":["*いいえ、 朝おきるとすぐ 朝めしを たべます* gives eating breakfast as the immediate morning action.","*先生が 生徒を よびます* and *すぐ 生徒は 来ます* present a call and the response as separate statements."]}],"lines":[{"number":190,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt7.08","source":"先生が しつもんすると 生徒は どうしますか。","translation":"What do the students do when the teacher asks a question?","reading":"せんせいがしつもんするとせいとはどうしますか。","words":[{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"しつもん","gloss":"ask a question"},{"text":"する","gloss":"ask a question"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt7.08.m4a"},{"number":191,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt7.09","source":"先生が しつもんするとすぐ 生徒は こたえます。","translation":"As soon as the teacher asks a question, the students answer.","reading":"せんせいがしつもんするとすぐせいとはこたえます。","words":[{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"しつもん","gloss":"ask a question"},{"text":"する","gloss":"ask a question"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"こたえ","gloss":"answer"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt7.09.m4a"},{"number":192,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt7.10","source":"あなたは 朝おきるとすぐ 学校に 来ますか。","translation":"Do you come to school as soon as you get up in the morning?","reading":"あなたはあさおきるとすぐがっこうにきますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"おきる","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt7.10.m4a"},{"number":193,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt7.11","source":"いいえ、 朝おきるとすぐ 朝めしを たべます。","translation":"No, I eat breakfast as soon as I get up in the morning.","reading":"いいえ、あさおきるとすぐあさめしをたべます。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"おきる","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"朝めし","gloss":"breakfast","reading":"あさめし"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt7.11.m4a"},{"number":194,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt7.12","source":"家へ かえります。","translation":"I go home.","reading":"いえへかえります。","words":[{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かえり","gloss":"go home"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt7.12.m4a"},{"number":195,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt7.13","source":"すぐ つりに 出かけます。","translation":"I immediately go fishing.","reading":"すぐつりにでかけます。","words":[{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"つり","gloss":"fishing"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"出かけ","gloss":"go out","reading":"でかけ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt7.13.m4a"},{"number":196,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt7.14","source":"先生が 生徒を よびます。","translation":"The teacher calls a student.","reading":"せんせいがせいとをよびます。","words":[{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"よび","gloss":"call"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt7.14.m4a"},{"number":197,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt7.15","source":"すぐ 生徒は 来ます。","translation":"The student comes immediately.","reading":"すぐせいとはきます。","words":[{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt7.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"しつもん","gloss":"question"},{"word":"朝めし","gloss":"breakfast"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Immediate changes and actions · Pattern 7 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Rain and an immediate change","paragraphs":["*雨が 降ります* means \"It rains.\" *すぐ 草が あおくなります* means \"The grass immediately turns green.\"","A *とすぐ* combination places the change immediately after the rain begins."]},{"title":"Other event and response pairs","paragraphs":["*ざっしを 買います* is followed by *すぐ 読みます*. *朝 おきます* is followed by *すぐ まどを あけます*.","Each pair supplies a first event and the action that follows immediately."]}],"lines":[{"number":198,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt7.16","source":"ざっしを 買います。","translation":"I buy a magazine.","reading":"ざっしをかいます。","words":[{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazine"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt7.16.m4a"},{"number":199,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt7.17","source":"すぐ 読みます。","translation":"I read it immediately.","reading":"すぐよみます。","words":[{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"読み","gloss":"read","reading":"よみ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt7.17.m4a"},{"number":200,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt7.18","source":"雨が 降ります。","translation":"It rains.","reading":"あめがふります。","words":[{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"rain","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt7.18.m4a"},{"number":201,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt7.19","source":"すぐ 草が あおくなります。","translation":"The grass immediately turns green.","reading":"すぐくさがあおくなります。","words":[{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"草","gloss":"grass","reading":"くさ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あおく","gloss":"green"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"turn"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt7.19.m4a"},{"number":202,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt7.20","source":"朝 おきます。","translation":"I get up in the morning.","reading":"あさおきます。","words":[{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt7.20.m4a"},{"number":203,"id":"ja.dli.L028.pt7.21","source":"すぐ まどを あけます。","translation":"I immediately open the window.","reading":"すぐまどをあけます。","words":[{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"まど","gloss":"window"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あけ","gloss":"open"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.pt7.21.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Recreation in Monterey · Reading Selection 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Recreation in Monterey","paragraphs":["The passage describes Monterey as a place with a good climate and many visitors. *気こうが よい 所で、 沢山の 人が あそびに 来ます* states both points.","*テニス、 水えい、 つりなどが あります* lists tennis, swimming, fishing, and similar recreation."]},{"title":"Facilities for visitors","paragraphs":["*ゴルフコースや テニスコートは 沢山 あります* means that there are many golf courses and tennis courts."]}],"lines":[{"number":204,"id":"ja.dli.L028.rd.001","source":"私たちの 学校は モンテレーに あります。","translation":"Our school is in Monterey.","reading":"わたくしたちのがっこうはモンテレーにあります。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"we"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":205,"id":"ja.dli.L028.rd.002","source":"ここは","translation":"This is","reading":"ここは","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":206,"id":"ja.dli.L028.rd.003","source":"気こうが よい 所で、 沢山の 人が あそびに 来ます。","translation":"a place with a good climate, and many people come here for recreation.","reading":"きこうがよいところで、たくさんのひとがあそびにきます。","words":[{"text":"気","gloss":"climate","reading":"き"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"climate"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"at"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"recreation"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":207,"id":"ja.dli.L028.rd.004","source":"そして、 あそびに 来る 人々の レクリエーションには ゴルフ、","translation":"And recreational activities for visitors include golf,","reading":"そして、あそびにくるひとびとのレクリエーションにはゴルフ、","words":[{"text":"そして、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"recreation"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"come","reading":"くる"},{"text":"人々","gloss":"visitors","reading":"ひとびと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"レクリエーション","gloss":"recreational activities"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ゴルフ、","gloss":"golf"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":208,"id":"ja.dli.L028.rd.005","source":"テニス、 水えい、 つりなどが あります。","translation":"tennis, swimming, fishing, and so on.","reading":"テニス、すいえい、つりなどがあります。","words":[{"text":"テニス、","gloss":"tennis"},{"text":"水","gloss":"swimming","reading":"すい"},{"text":"えい、","gloss":"swimming"},{"text":"つり","gloss":"fishing"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and so on"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":209,"id":"ja.dli.L028.rd.006","source":"ゴルフコースや","translation":"There are many golf courses and","reading":"ゴルフコースや","words":[{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf course"},{"text":"コース","gloss":"golf course"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and such"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":210,"id":"ja.dli.L028.rd.007","source":"テニスコートは 沢山 あります。","translation":"tennis courts.","reading":"テニスコートはたくさんあります。","words":[{"text":"テニス","gloss":"tennis court"},{"text":"コート","gloss":"tennis court"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.rd.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ゴルフ、","gloss":"golf"},{"word":"テニス、","gloss":"tennis"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Swimming and fishing in Monterey · Reading Selection 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"The ocean and rivers","paragraphs":["The passage contrasts Monterey's pools and ocean with its lack of large rivers. *モンテレーには 大きい 川は ありません* means \"There are no large rivers in Monterey.\"","*つりの 好きな 人々は 大てい 海に 行きます* says that people who like fishing usually go to the ocean."]},{"title":"People who like fishing","paragraphs":["In *つりの 好きな 人々*, *好きな* joins the fishing preference to *人々*.","In spring and summer, *ますを つりに 行く 人も 沢山 居ます* adds that many people travel to rivers for trout."]}],"lines":[{"number":211,"id":"ja.dli.L028.rd.008","source":"水えいプールも 沢山","translation":"There are also many swimming pools","reading":"すいえいプールもたくさん","words":[{"text":"水","gloss":"swimming","reading":"すい"},{"text":"え","gloss":"swimming"},{"text":"い","gloss":"swimming"},{"text":"プール","gloss":"pool"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":212,"id":"ja.dli.L028.rd.009","source":"あります。","translation":"here.","reading":"あります。","words":[{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":213,"id":"ja.dli.L028.rd.010","source":"モンテレーには 大きい 川は ありません。","translation":"There are no large rivers in Monterey.","reading":"モンテレーにはおおきいかわはありません。","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"川","gloss":"rivers","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are no"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":214,"id":"ja.dli.L028.rd.011","source":"モンテレーは 海の そばに ありますから、 つりの 好きな","translation":"Since Monterey is by the ocean, people who like fishing","reading":"モンテレーはうみのそばにありますから、つりのすきな","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"海","gloss":"ocean","reading":"うみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"そば","gloss":"beside"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"つり","gloss":"fishing"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"fond","reading":"すき"},{"text":"な","gloss":"who are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":215,"id":"ja.dli.L028.rd.012","source":"人々は 大てい 海に 行きます。","translation":"usually go to the ocean.","reading":"ひとびとはたいていうみにいきます。","words":[{"text":"人々","gloss":"people","reading":"ひとびと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大てい","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"海","gloss":"ocean","reading":"うみ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.rd.012.m4a"},{"number":216,"id":"ja.dli.L028.rd.013","source":"春、 夏には 川へ","translation":"In the spring and summer, many people","reading":"はる、なつにはかわへ","words":[{"text":"春、","gloss":"spring","reading":"はる"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"川","gloss":"river","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.rd.013.m4a"},{"number":217,"id":"ja.dli.L028.rd.014","source":"ますを つりに 行く 人も 沢山 居ます。","translation":"go to rivers to fish for trout.","reading":"ますをつりにいくひともたくさんいます。","words":[{"text":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つり","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"居","gloss":"there are","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.rd.014.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"プール","gloss":"pool"},{"word":"そば","gloss":"vicinity"},{"word":"春、","gloss":"spring"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Personal sporting habits · Reading Selection 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Golf after school","paragraphs":["The narrator likes golf despite having little skill. *時々 学校から 家へ かえると すぐ ゴルフに 出かけます* describes going to play immediately after arriving home."]},{"title":"Other sports and conditions","paragraphs":["*水曜日頃なら* makes around Wednesday the condition for finding few people there.","*テニスを やったり、 およいだり します* presents tennis and swimming as occasional representative activities. The narrator is not very skilled at either."]}],"lines":[{"number":218,"id":"ja.dli.L028.rd.015","source":"私は ゴルフは 下手です。","translation":"I'm not good at golf.","reading":"わたくしはゴルフはへたです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"下手","gloss":"not good at","reading":"へた"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"am"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.rd.015.m4a"},{"number":219,"id":"ja.dli.L028.rd.016","source":"でも、 好きですから、","translation":"But since I like it,","reading":"でも、すきですから、","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"do"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.rd.016.m4a"},{"number":220,"id":"ja.dli.L028.rd.017","source":"時々 学校から 家へ かえると すぐ ゴルフに 出かけます。","translation":"I sometimes go out to play golf as soon as I get home from school.","reading":"ときどきがっこうからいえへかえるとすぐゴルフにでかけます。","words":[{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"かえる","gloss":"return home"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"出かけ","gloss":"go out","reading":"でかけ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.rd.017.m4a"},{"number":221,"id":"ja.dli.L028.rd.018","source":"水曜日頃なら ゴルフコースには あまり 人が 居ませんから、","translation":"Around Wednesday, there are not many people on the golf course, so","reading":"すいようびごろならゴルフコースにはあまりひとがいませんから、","words":[{"text":"水曜","gloss":"around Wednesday","reading":"すいよう"},{"text":"日頃","gloss":"around Wednesday","reading":"びごろ"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"if around"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf course"},{"text":"コース","gloss":"golf course"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"not many"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"居","gloss":"there are not","reading":"い"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"so"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.rd.018.m4a"},{"number":222,"id":"ja.dli.L028.rd.019","source":"いいです。","translation":"it's nice.","reading":"いいです。","words":[{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.rd.019.m4a"},{"number":223,"id":"ja.dli.L028.rd.020","source":"たまには テニスを やったり、 およいだり しますが","translation":"Once in a while I play tennis or go swimming, but","reading":"たまにはテニスをやったり、およいだりしますが","words":[{"text":"たまに","gloss":"once in a while"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"テニス","gloss":"tennis"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"play"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"things like"},{"text":"お","gloss":"go swimming"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"go swimming"},{"text":"だり","gloss":"or things like"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が","gloss":"but"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.rd.020.m4a"},{"number":224,"id":"ja.dli.L028.rd.021","source":"どちらも あまり 上手では ありません。","translation":"I'm not very good at either one.","reading":"どちらもあまりじょうずではありません。","words":[{"text":"どちら","gloss":"either one"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"not very"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good at","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"で","gloss":"are"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"are not"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.rd.021.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"時々","gloss":"sometimes, occasionally"},{"word":"どちら","gloss":"which of two (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Monterey recreation questions · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Facts about Monterey","paragraphs":["The questions ask where the school is, whether Monterey has a good climate, and which recreation facilities it offers.","*あそびに 来る 人たちの レクリエーションには、 何が ありますか* means \"What recreational activities are there for visitors?\" An answer names activities from the passage."]}],"lines":[{"number":225,"id":"ja.dli.L028.q.001","source":"私たちの 学校は どこに ありますか。","translation":"Where is our school?","reading":"わたくしたちのがっこうはどこにありますか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"we"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.q.001.m4a"},{"number":226,"id":"ja.dli.L028.q.002","source":"そこは 気こうが よい 所ですか。","translation":"Is it a place with a good climate?","reading":"そこはきこうがよいところですか。","words":[{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"気","gloss":"climate","reading":"き"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"climate"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.q.002.m4a"},{"number":227,"id":"ja.dli.L028.q.003","source":"ここへ 沢山の 人々が あそびに 来ますか。","translation":"Do many people come here for recreation?","reading":"ここへたくさんのひとびとがあそびにきますか。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人々","gloss":"people","reading":"ひとびと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"recreation"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.q.003.m4a"},{"number":228,"id":"ja.dli.L028.q.004","source":"あそびに 来る 人たちの レクリエーションには、 何が ありますか。","translation":"What recreational activities are there for visitors?","reading":"あそびにくるひとたちのレクリエーションには、なにがありますか。","words":[{"text":"あそび","gloss":"recreation"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"come","reading":"くる"},{"text":"人","gloss":"visitors","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"visitors"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"レクリエーション","gloss":"recreational activities"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.q.004.m4a"},{"number":229,"id":"ja.dli.L028.q.005","source":"ゴルフコースが 沢山 ありますか。","translation":"Are there many golf courses?","reading":"ゴルフコースがたくさんありますか。","words":[{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf course"},{"text":"コース","gloss":"golf course"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.q.005.m4a"},{"number":230,"id":"ja.dli.L028.q.006","source":"テニスコートも ありますか。","translation":"Are there tennis courts too?","reading":"テニスコートもありますか。","words":[{"text":"テニス","gloss":"tennis court"},{"text":"コート","gloss":"tennis court"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.q.006.m4a"},{"number":231,"id":"ja.dli.L028.q.007","source":"水えいプールが ありますか。","translation":"Are there swimming pools?","reading":"すいえいプールがありますか。","words":[{"text":"水","gloss":"swimming","reading":"すい"},{"text":"え","gloss":"swimming"},{"text":"い","gloss":"swimming"},{"text":"プール","gloss":"pools"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.q.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Fishing and golf questions · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Fishing and sporting habits","paragraphs":["The questions ask where people who like fishing go, whether the narrator dislikes golf, and which occasional activities the narrator does.","*つりの 好きな人は どこへ 行きますか* means \"Where do people who like fishing go?\" An answer gives the place stated in the passage.","*時々 家へ かえると すぐ 何を しますか* asks for the narrator's action immediately after arriving home."]}],"lines":[{"number":232,"id":"ja.dli.L028.q.008","source":"大きい 川が ありますか。","translation":"Are there any large rivers?","reading":"おおきいかわがありますか。","words":[{"text":"大きい","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"川","gloss":"rivers","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.q.008.m4a"},{"number":233,"id":"ja.dli.L028.q.009","source":"川には さかなが 居ますか。","translation":"Are there fish in the rivers?","reading":"かわにはさかながいますか。","words":[{"text":"川","gloss":"rivers","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"居","gloss":"there are","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.q.009.m4a"},{"number":234,"id":"ja.dli.L028.q.010","source":"つりの 好きな人は どこへ 行きますか。","translation":"Where do people who like fishing go?","reading":"つりのすきなひとはどこへいきますか。","words":[{"text":"つり","gloss":"fishing"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"な","gloss":"who"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.q.010.m4a"},{"number":235,"id":"ja.dli.L028.q.011","source":"私は ゴルフは きらいですか。","translation":"Do I dislike golf?","reading":"わたくしはゴルフはきらいですか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きらい","gloss":"dislike"},{"text":"です","gloss":"do"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.q.011.m4a"},{"number":236,"id":"ja.dli.L028.q.012","source":"時々 家へ かえると すぐ 何を しますか。","translation":"Sometimes, what do you do as soon as you get home?","reading":"ときどきいえへかえるとすぐなにをしますか。","words":[{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"かえる","gloss":"return home"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.q.012.m4a"},{"number":237,"id":"ja.dli.L028.q.013","source":"何曜日頃 ゴルフコースには 人が あんまり 居ませんか。","translation":"Around which day of the week are there not very many people on the golf course?","reading":"なんようびごろゴルフコースにはひとがあんまりいませんか。","words":[{"text":"何曜","gloss":"around which day","reading":"なんよう"},{"text":"日頃","gloss":"around which day","reading":"びごろ"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf course"},{"text":"コース","gloss":"golf course"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あんまり","gloss":"not very many"},{"text":"居","gloss":"there are not","reading":"い"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.q.013.m4a"},{"number":238,"id":"ja.dli.L028.q.014","source":"私は たまには 何を やりますか。","translation":"What do I do once in a while?","reading":"わたくしはたまにはなにをやりますか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"たまに","gloss":"once in a while"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やり","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.q.014.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Words for sports facilities · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Sports and places","paragraphs":["The words cover recreation and the facilities where activities take place. *ゴルフ* means \"golf,\" while *ゴルフ コース* means \"golf course.\"","*テニス* means \"tennis,\" while *テニスコート* means \"tennis court.\" The entries separate an activity from its facility."]}],"lines":[{"number":239,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.001","source":"週まつ","translation":"weekend","reading":"しゅうまつ","words":[{"text":"週まつ","gloss":"weekend","reading":"しゅうまつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.001.m4a"},{"number":240,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.002","source":"レクリエーション","translation":"recreation","reading":"レクリエーション","words":[{"text":"レクリエーション","gloss":"recreation"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.002.m4a"},{"number":241,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.003","source":"ゴルフ","translation":"golf","reading":"ゴルフ","words":[{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.003.m4a"},{"number":242,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.004","source":"テニス","translation":"tennis","reading":"テニス","words":[{"text":"テニス","gloss":"tennis"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.004.m4a"},{"number":243,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.005","source":"ゴルフ コース","translation":"golf course","reading":"ゴルフコース","words":[{"text":"ゴルフコース","gloss":"golf course"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.005.m4a"},{"number":244,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.006","source":"テニスコート","translation":"tennis court","reading":"テニスコート","words":[{"text":"テニスコート","gloss":"tennis court"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.006.m4a"},{"number":245,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.007","source":"プール","translation":"pool","reading":"プール","words":[{"text":"プール","gloss":"pool"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.007.m4a"},{"number":246,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.008","source":"水えい","translation":"swimming","reading":"すいえい","words":[{"text":"水えい","gloss":"swimming","reading":"すいえい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.008.m4a"},{"number":247,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.009","source":"ボーリング","translation":"bowling","reading":"ボーリング","words":[{"text":"ボーリング","gloss":"bowling"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.009.m4a"},{"number":248,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.010","source":"ハイキング","translation":"hiking","reading":"ハイキング","words":[{"text":"ハイキング","gloss":"hiking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"週まつ","gloss":"weekend"},{"word":"ゴルフコース","gloss":"golf course"},{"word":"テニスコート","gloss":"tennis court"},{"word":"水えい","gloss":"swimming"},{"word":"ハイキング","gloss":"hiking"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Words for outdoor recreation · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Outdoor recreation","paragraphs":["The words cover climate, time, fishing, and swimming. *気こう* means \"climate,\" and *夕方* means \"evening.\"","*つり* means \"fishing,\" *ます* means \"trout,\" and *さかな* means \"fish.\" The verb *およぐ* means \"to swim.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":249,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.011","source":"ローラースケート","translation":"roller skate","reading":"ローラースケート","words":[{"text":"ローラースケート","gloss":"roller skate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.011.m4a"},{"number":250,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.012","source":"水上スキー","translation":"water-ski","reading":"すいじょうスキー","words":[{"text":"水上スキー","gloss":"water-ski","reading":"すいじょうスキー"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.012.m4a"},{"number":251,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.013","source":"気こう","translation":"climate","reading":"きこう","words":[{"text":"気こう","gloss":"climate","reading":"きこう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.013.m4a"},{"number":252,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.014","source":"夕方","translation":"evening","reading":"ゆうがた","words":[{"text":"夕方","gloss":"evening","reading":"ゆうがた"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.014.m4a"},{"number":253,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.015","source":"つり","translation":"fishing","reading":"つり","words":[{"text":"つり","gloss":"fishing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.015.m4a"},{"number":254,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.016","source":"川","translation":"river","reading":"かわ","words":[{"text":"川","gloss":"river","reading":"かわ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.016.m4a"},{"number":255,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.017","source":"ます","translation":"trout","reading":"ます","words":[{"text":"ます","gloss":"trout"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.017.m4a"},{"number":256,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.018","source":"さかな","translation":"fish","reading":"さかな","words":[{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.018.m4a"},{"number":257,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.019","source":"やる","translation":"to do","reading":"やる","words":[{"text":"やる","gloss":"to do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.019.m4a"},{"number":258,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.020","source":"およぐ","translation":"to swim","reading":"およぐ","words":[{"text":"およぐ","gloss":"to swim"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ローラースケート","gloss":"roller skate"},{"word":"水上スキー","gloss":"water-ski"},{"word":"気こう","gloss":"climate"},{"word":"およぐ","gloss":"to swim"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Ability, preference and condition words · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Ability, preference, and conditions","paragraphs":["The words cover ability and preference. *上手* means \"skillful,\" *下手* means \"unskilled,\" and *好き* and *きらい* express preference.","*だ* is the plain equivalent of *DESU*, while *なら* means \"if it is.\"","*たり---たりする* means \"do such things as.\" It presents representative actions in a paired series."]}],"lines":[{"number":259,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.021","source":"つる","translation":"to fish","reading":"つる","words":[{"text":"つる","gloss":"to fish"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.021.m4a"},{"number":260,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.022","source":"下手","translation":"unskilled, poor in doing things","reading":"へた","words":[{"text":"下手","gloss":"unskilled","reading":"へた"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.022.m4a"},{"number":261,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.023","source":"上手","translation":"skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"じょうず","words":[{"text":"上手","gloss":"skillful","reading":"じょうず"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.023.m4a"},{"number":262,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.024","source":"好き","translation":"to like, be fond of (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"すき","words":[{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.024.m4a"},{"number":263,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.025","source":"きらい","translation":"dislike (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"きらい","words":[{"text":"きらい","gloss":"dislike"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.025.m4a"},{"number":264,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.026","source":"だ","translation":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)","reading":"だ","words":[{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.026.m4a"},{"number":265,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.027","source":"なら","translation":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"なら","words":[{"text":"なら","gloss":"if it is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.027.m4a"},{"number":266,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.028","source":"たり---たりする","translation":"do such things as (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"たり---たりする","words":[{"text":"たり---たりする","gloss":"do things such as"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.028.m4a"},{"number":267,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.029","source":"でも","translation":"however, but","reading":"でも","words":[{"text":"でも","gloss":"however"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.029.m4a"},{"number":268,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.030","source":"そうですね。","translation":"Well, let me see.","reading":"そうですね。","words":[{"text":"そうですね。","gloss":"well, let me see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.030.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"つる","gloss":"to fish"},{"word":"たり---たりする","gloss":"do such things as (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"でも","gloss":"however, but"},{"word":"そうですね。","gloss":"Well, let me see."}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Words for facilities and immediacy · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Activities, places, and immediacy","paragraphs":["The phrases pair activities with places. *プールで およぎます* names swimming in a pool, and *で* marks the place.","*テニスコートで テニスを します* names playing tennis on a tennis court.","*---とすぐ* means \"as soon as\" or \"immediately,\" while *それに* means \"besides.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":269,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.031","source":"---とすぐ","translation":"as soon as, immediately (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"---とすぐ","words":[{"text":"---とすぐ","gloss":"as soon as"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.031.m4a"},{"number":270,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.032","source":"それに","translation":"besides","reading":"それに","words":[{"text":"それに","gloss":"besides"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.032.m4a"},{"number":271,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.033","source":"ボーリングを やります。","translation":"bowling","reading":"ボーリングをやります。","words":[{"text":"ボーリングをやります。","gloss":"bowling"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.033.m4a"},{"number":272,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.034","source":"ハイキングを やります。","translation":"hiking","reading":"ハイキングをやります。","words":[{"text":"ハイキングをやります。","gloss":"hiking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.034.m4a"},{"number":273,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.035","source":"水上 スキーを やります。","translation":"water-ski","reading":"すいじょうスキーをやります。","words":[{"text":"水上スキーをやります。","gloss":"water-ski","reading":"すいじょうスキーをやります。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.035.m4a"},{"number":274,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.036","source":"ローラースケート を やります。","translation":"roller skate","reading":"ローラースケートをやります。","words":[{"text":"ローラースケートをやります。","gloss":"roller skate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.036.m4a"},{"number":275,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.037","source":"プールで およぎます。","translation":"pool","reading":"プールでおよぎます。","words":[{"text":"プールでおよぎます。","gloss":"pool"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.037.m4a"},{"number":276,"id":"ja.dli.L028.w.038","source":"テニスコートで テニスを します。","translation":"tennis court","reading":"テニスコートでテニスをします。","words":[{"text":"テニスコートでテニスをします。","gloss":"tennis court"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L028.w.038.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"---とすぐ","gloss":"as soon as, immediately (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"それに","gloss":"besides"},{"word":"ボーリングをやります。","gloss":"bowling"},{"word":"ハイキングをやります。","gloss":"hiking"},{"word":"水上スキーをやります。","gloss":"water-ski"},{"word":"ローラースケートをやります。","gloss":"roller skate"},{"word":"プールでおよぎます。","gloss":"pool"},{"word":"テニスコートでテニスをします。","gloss":"tennis court"}],"paradigms":[]}]}