{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L029","title":"Lesson 29","stage":"Sounds, kana, and the first conversations","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 29: writing letters in japanese · dialogue 1 of 6, addressing american and japanese envelopes · dialogue 2 of 6, stamps, special delivery and mailboxes · dialogue 4 of 6, a letter announcing a visit · dialogue 5 of 6, permission and lack of obligation · perception drill, requirements and prohibitions · perception drill, giving positive and negative advice · perception drill, turning actions into subjects · perception drill, permission and optional actions · pattern 1 1 of 3, asking permission for writing · pattern 1 2 of 3, going, rules for school activities · pattern 2 1 of 3, language and study requirements · pattern 2 2 of 3, asking what rules require · pattern 2 3 of 3, advice about everyday choices · pattern 3 1 of 2, advice followed by action cues · pattern 3 2 of 2, judging everyday activities · pattern 4 1 of 2, comparing difficult activities · pattern 4 2 of 2, writing and addressing letters · reading selection 1 of 3, japanese postage and stamp placement · reading selection 2 of 3, american envelopes and mailing letters · reading selection 3 of 3, addressing and stamping letters · questions 1 of 2, mailing letters and buying stamps · questions 2 of 2, letters, postcards, mailing actions and obligations · word list 3 of 3.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/29","lines":257},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/28","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/30","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Writing letters in Japanese · Dialogue 1 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"Writing a letter","paragraphs":["One person asks how often the other writes letters and which language he uses. *えい語で 書くのは むずかしいから、 日本語で 書きます* means \"I write in Japanese because writing in English is difficult.\"","In *えい語で 書くのは むずかしい*, *の* makes writing the activity judged difficult."]},{"title":"What is needed","paragraphs":["*手紙を 書く 時には 何が いりますか* means \"What do you need when you write letters?\" Here *いる* means \"to be needed.\"","The needed thing takes *が* or *は*. *びんせんが いります* means \"I need letter paper.\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 紙","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 書","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.001","source":"あなたは たびたび 手紙を 書きますか。","translation":"Do you write letters often?","reading":"あなたはたびたびてがみをかきますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"たびたび","gloss":"often"},{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letters","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.002","source":"一週間に 一つうぐらい 書きます。","translation":"I write about one a week.","reading":"いっしゅうかんにいっつうぐらいかきます。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"one week","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"週間","gloss":"one week","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one letter","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one letter"},{"text":"う","gloss":"one letter"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.003","source":"えい語で 書きますか。","translation":"Do you write in English?","reading":"えいごでかきますか。","words":[{"text":"えい語","gloss":"English"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.004","source":"いいえ、 えい語で 書くのは むずかしいから、 日本語で 書きます。","translation":"No, I write in Japanese because to write in English is difficult.","reading":"いいえ、えいごでかくのはむずかしいから、にほんごでかきます。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"えい語","gloss":"English"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"書く","gloss":"write","reading":"かく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.005","source":"手紙を 書く 時には 何が いりますか。","translation":"What do you need when you write letters?","reading":"てがみをかくときにはなにがいりますか。","words":[{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letters","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書く","gloss":"write","reading":"かく"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いり","gloss":"need"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.006","source":"びんせんが いります。","translation":"I need letter paper.","reading":"びんせんがいります。","words":[{"text":"びんせん","gloss":"letter paper"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いり","gloss":"need"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"-TEMO II DESU\n\n1. -TEMO II DESU\n\nThe expression II DESU means 'it's all right' or 'it doesn't matter.'\n\na. An affirmative TE form plus MO II DESU is an expression used in requesting and granting permission, e.g.,\n\nEIGO DE HANASHITE MO II DESU KA.\n\n\"May I speak in English?\"\n\n(Lit: Is it all right even if I speak in English?)\n\nEIGO DE HANASHITE MO II DESU.\n\n\"You may speak in English.\"\n\n(Lit: It's all right even if you speak in English.)\n\nMOO KAETTE MO II DESU KA.\n\n\"May I go home now?\"\n\n(Lit: Is it all right even if I go home now?)\n\nMOO KAETTE MO II DESU.\n\n\"You may go home now.\"\n\n(Lit: It's all right even if you go home now.)\n\nMOO SUKOSHI TABETE MO II DESU KA.\n\n\"May I eat a little more?\"\n\nTABETE MO II DESU.\n\n\"You may eat.\"\n\nb. A negative TE form plus MO II DESU or MO YOROSHII DESU or MO KAMAIMASEN is an expression used in requesting and granting permission not to do so-and-so, e.g.,\n\nNIHONGO DE HANASANAKUTE MO II DESU KA.\n\n\"Is it all right even if I don't speak in Japanese?\"\n\nNIHONGO DE HANASANAKUTE MO II DESU.\n\n\"You need not speak in Japanese.\"\n\n(Lit: It's all right even if you don't speak in Japanese.)\n\nIKANAKUTE MO II DESU KA.\n\n\"Is it all right even if I don't go?\"\n\nIKANAKUTE MO II DESU.\n\n\"You need not go.\"\n\nSHINAKUTE MO II DESU KA.\n\n\"Is it all right even if I don't do it?\"\n\nSHINAKUTE MO II DESU.\n\n\"You need not do it.\"\n\nYOKUNAKUTE MO II DESU KA.\n\n\"Is it all right even if it isn't good?\"\n\nYOKUNAKUTE MO II DESU.\n\n\"It's all right even if it isn't good.\"\n\nATARASHIKU NAKUTE MO II DESU KA.\n\n\"Is it all right even if it isn't new?\"\n\nATARASHIKU NAKUTE MO II DESU.\n\n\"It doesn't have to be new.\""},{"section":2,"text":"--TE WA IKEMASEN\n\n2. --TE WA IKEMASEN\n\nThe word IKEMASEN (formal) or IKENAI (informal) means 'it won't do.'\n\na. The pattern 'affirmative -TE form of a verb plus WA IKEMASEN' is an expression of prohibition meaning '(you) must not do so-and-so,' e.g.,\n\nEIGO DE HANASHITE WA IKEMASEN.\n\n\"You mustn't speak in English.\"\n\nMADA KAETTE WA IKEMASEN.\n\n\"You mustn't go home yet.\"\n\nAMMARI TAKUSAN TABETE WA IKEMASEN.\n\n\"You mustn't eat too much.\"\n\nKONO HEYA NI HAITTE WA IKEMASEN.\n\n\"You mustn't enter this room.\"\n\nDOKO E MO ITTE WA IKEMASEN.\n\n\"You mustn't go anywhere.\"\n\nb. The construction 'negative -TE form of a verb plus WA IKEMASEN is an expression of obligation meaning '(I) must or have to do so-and-so,' e.g.,\n\nMAINICHI GAKKOO E IKANAKUTE WA IKEMASEN.\n\n\"I must go to school everyday.\"\n\nYUUHAN O TABENAKUTE WA IKEMASEN.\n\n\"I must have supper.\"\n\nKORE O SHINAKUTE WA IKEMASEN.\n\n\"I must do this.\""},{"section":3,"text":"Verb plus HOO 'alternative'\n\n3. Verb plus HOO 'alternative'\n\na. The use of the word HOO 'alternative, direction, side,' occurring after a noun plus NO in expressions of comparison has already been introduced, e.g.,\n\nJIBIKI NO HOO GA ATSUI DESU.\n\n\"The dictionary is thicker.\"\n\nb. The informal non-past of a verb plus HOO GA plus II 'is good' means 'it's better to do so-and-so,' e.g.,\n\nIKU HOO GA II DESU.\n\n\"It's better to go.\"\n\nIKANAI HOO GA II DESU.\n\n\"It's better not to go.\"\n\nHAYAKU KAERU HOO GA II DESU.\n\n\"It's better to go home early.\"\n\nHAYAKU KAERANAI HOO GA II DESU.\n\n\"It's better not to go home early.\"\n\nASHITA KAU HOO GA II DESU.\n\n\"It's better to buy it tomorrow.\"\n\nASHITA KAWANAI HOO GA II DESU.\n\n\"It's better not to buy it tomorrow.\""},{"section":4,"text":"Informal non-past verb plus NO 'act'\n\n4. Informal non-past verb plus NO 'act'\n\na. The use of NO 'one, ones' occurring after a modifying expression has already been introduced, e.g.,\n\nCHIISAI NO O KUDASAI.\n\n\"Please give me a small one.\"\n\nNIHONGO GA JOOZU NA NO WA BURAUN-SAN DESU.\n\n\"The one who is good in Japanese is Mr. Brown.\"\n\nKINOO KATTA NO WA KORE DESU.\n\n\"The one I bought yesterday is this.\"\n\nb. Occurring after the informal non-past form of a verb, NO 'act' changes the verb to the corresponding noun or the clause containing the verb to a noun clause, e.g.,\n\nARUKU NO WA KIRAI DESU.\n\n\"I don't like walking.\"\n\n(Lit: The act of walking is displeasing.)\n\nASA HAYAKU OKIRU NO GA SUKI DESU.\n\n\"I like to get up early in the morning.\"\n\nNIHONGO O NARAU NO WA MUZUKASHII DESU KA.\n\n\"Is it difficult to learn Japanese?\"\n\nTANAKA-SAN GA NIHONGO O OSHIETE IRU NO O MIMASHITA.\n\n\"I saw Mr. Tanaka teaching Japanese.\""},{"section":5,"text":"IRU 'is needed, is necessary'\n\n5. IRU 'is needed, is necessary'\n\nThe word IRU is an intransitive verb meaning 'is needed' or 'is necessary.' Therefore, what is needed or necessary is indicated by the particle GA or WA. It is also a consonant verb, and its inflection is like that of the verb TORU 'take.'\n\nExamples:\n\nNANI GA IRIMASU KA.\n\n\"What do you need?\"\n\n(Lit: What is needed?)\n\nII JIBIKI GA IRIMASU.\n\n\"I need a good dictionary.\"\n\nSENSEI WA IRANAI N DESU KA.\n\n\"Don't you need a teacher?\"\n\nSENSEI WA IRIMASEN.\n\n\"I don't need a teacher.\""}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"たびたび","gloss":"often, frequently"},{"word":"手紙","gloss":"letter (correspondence)"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"びんせん","gloss":"letter paper"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Addressing American and Japanese envelopes · Dialogue 2 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"The front and back of an envelope","paragraphs":["The speakers compare Japanese and American envelopes. *ふうとうの うらに 書きます* says that Japanese sender information goes on the back.","In America it goes on the upper left corner of the front. *うらに 書いては いけませんか* asks whether writing it on the back is disallowed."]},{"title":"Kanji: 入, 名, 自, 左","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 出","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.007","source":"手紙は 何に 入れて 出しますか。","translation":"What do you mail the letter in?","reading":"てがみはなににいれてだしますか。","words":[{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letter","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"入れ","gloss":"put","reading":"いれ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"出し","gloss":"mail","reading":"だし"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.008","source":"ふうとうに 入れて 出します。 ふうとうの おもてに あて名を 書きます。","translation":"I put it in an envelope and mail it. I write ATENA on the front of the envelope.","reading":"ふうとうにいれてだします。ふうとうのおもてにあてなをかきます。","words":[{"text":"ふうとう","gloss":"envelope"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"入れ","gloss":"put","reading":"いれ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"出し","gloss":"mail","reading":"だし"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ふうとう","gloss":"envelope"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"おもて","gloss":"front"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"あて名","gloss":"address"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.009","source":"日本では、 自分の 所と 名前は、 どこに書きますか。","translation":"In Japan where do you write your own name and address?","reading":"にほんでは、じぶんのところとなまえは、どこにかきますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"yourself","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"所","gloss":"address","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"名前","gloss":"name","reading":"なまえ"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.010","source":"ふうとうの うらに 書きます。 アメリカでは、 どこに 書きますか。","translation":"We write them on the back of an envelope, where do you write them in America?","reading":"ふうとうのうらにかきます。アメリカでは、どこにかきますか。","words":[{"text":"ふうとう","gloss":"envelope"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"うら","gloss":"back"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"アメリカ","gloss":"America"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.011","source":"アメリカでは、 ふうとうの おもての 左の上の すみに 書きます。","translation":"In America we write them on the upper left corner of the front of an envelope.","reading":"アメリカでは、ふうとうのおもてのひだりのうえのすみにかきます。","words":[{"text":"アメリカ","gloss":"America"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ふうとう","gloss":"envelope"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"おもて","gloss":"front"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"左","gloss":"left","reading":"ひだり"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"上","gloss":"top","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"すみ","gloss":"corner"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.012","source":"うらに 書いては いけませんか。","translation":"Should you not write on the back?","reading":"うらにかいてはいけませんか。","words":[{"text":"うら","gloss":"back"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"be allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ふうとう","gloss":"envelope"},{"word":"おもて","gloss":"front"},{"word":"あて名","gloss":"addressee's name and address"},{"word":"自分","gloss":"self"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"うら","gloss":"back, reverse side"},{"word":"アメリカ","gloss":"America; U.S.A."},{"word":"すみ","gloss":"inside corner"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Stamps, postcards and postage · Dialogue 3 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"Stamps and postcards","paragraphs":["The speakers discuss where to write sender information and when a stamp is required. Ordinary mail costs fifteen yen up to twenty-five grams."]},{"title":"Permission and a better choice","paragraphs":["*うらに 書いても いいですが、 おもてに 書く方が いいです* means \"You may write on the back, but it is better to write on the front.\"","*切手を はらなくても いいですね* says that a postcard does not require a stamp. *切手を はらなくてはいけません* says that a picture postcard does."]},{"title":"Kanji: 右, 切","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.013","source":"うらに 書いても いいですが、 おもてに 書く方が いいです。","translation":"You may write on the back, but it's better to write on the front.","reading":"うらにかいてもいいですが、おもてにかくほうがいいです。","words":[{"text":"うら","gloss":"back"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"okay"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"おもて","gloss":"front"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"書く","gloss":"write","reading":"かく"},{"text":"方","gloss":"way","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.014","source":"そうですか。 それでは、 切手を 右の上のすみに はらなくては いけませんね。","translation":"Is that right? In that case, you have to affix the stamp on the upper right corner, don't you?","reading":"そうですか。それでは、きってをみぎのうえのすみにはらなくてはいけませんね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"切手","gloss":"stamp","reading":"きって"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"右","gloss":"right","reading":"みぎ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"上","gloss":"top","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"すみ","gloss":"corner"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"はら","gloss":"affix"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"be allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.015","source":"そうです。 は書には 切手を はらなくても いいですね。","translation":"That's right. You don't have to affix stamps on post cards, do you?","reading":"そうです。はがきにはきってをはらなくてもいいですね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"postcard"},{"text":"書","gloss":"postcard","reading":"がき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"切手","gloss":"stamp","reading":"きって"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はら","gloss":"affix"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"okay"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.016","source":"そうです。 でも、 えは書には 切手を はらなくてはいけません。","translation":"That's right, but you have to affix stamps on picture post cards.","reading":"そうです。でも、えはがきにはきってをはらなくてはいけません。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"え","gloss":"picture postcard"},{"text":"は","gloss":"picture postcard"},{"text":"書","gloss":"picture postcard","reading":"がき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"切手","gloss":"stamp","reading":"きって"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はら","gloss":"affix"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"be allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.017","source":"日本では 手紙は いくら かかりますか。","translation":"In Japan, how much do letters cost?","reading":"にほんではてがみはいくらかかりますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letters","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いくら","gloss":"how much"},{"text":"かかり","gloss":"cost"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.018","source":"ふつう ゆうびんでは、 二十五グラムまでが 十五円で、 えは書は 七円です。","translation":"For ordinary mail, it's 15 yen up to 25 grams, picture post cards cost 7 yen.","reading":"ふつうゆうびんでは、にじゅうごグラムまでがじゅうごえんで、えはがきはななえんです。","words":[{"text":"ふつう","gloss":"ordinary mail"},{"text":"ゆうびん","gloss":"ordinary mail"},{"text":"で","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"二十","gloss":"twenty-five","reading":"にじゅう"},{"text":"五","gloss":"twenty-five","reading":"ご"},{"text":"グラム","gloss":"grams"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"up to"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"十","gloss":"fifteen","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"五","gloss":"fifteen","reading":"ご"},{"text":"円","gloss":"yen","reading":"えん"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"at"},{"text":"え","gloss":"picture postcard"},{"text":"は","gloss":"picture postcard"},{"text":"書","gloss":"picture postcard","reading":"がき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven","reading":"なな"},{"text":"円","gloss":"yen","reading":"えん"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"は、","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"切手","gloss":"postage stamp"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"いくら","gloss":"how much? how many?"},{"word":"ゆうびん","gloss":"postal service"},{"word":"二十","gloss":"20"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"グラム","gloss":"gram"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"円","gloss":"yen (unit of money)"},{"word":"七","gloss":"seven"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Special delivery and mailboxes · Dialogue 4 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"Two ways to mail a letter","paragraphs":["Domestic airmail is called special delivery and costs fifty yen. The speakers then ask whether every letter must go to a post office.","*ポストに 入れても いいです* means \"You may drop them in a mailbox.\" The form *ても いいです* grants permission."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.019","source":"こうくう ゆうびんは いくらですか。","translation":"How much is airmail?","reading":"こうくうゆうびんはいくらですか。","words":[{"text":"こうくう","gloss":"airmail"},{"text":"ゆうびん","gloss":"airmail"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いくら","gloss":"how much"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.020","source":"日本では、 こくない こうくうゆうびんを そくたつと 言って 五十円です。","translation":"In Japan, domestic airmail is called special delivery and it is 50 yen.","reading":"にほんでは、こくないこうくうゆうびんをそくたつといってごじゅうえんです。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"こく","gloss":"domestic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"domestic"},{"text":"こうくう","gloss":"airmail"},{"text":"ゆうびん","gloss":"airmail"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"そ","gloss":"special delivery"},{"text":"く","gloss":"special delivery"},{"text":"たつ","gloss":"special delivery"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"call","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"五十","gloss":"fifty","reading":"ごじゅう"},{"text":"円","gloss":"yen","reading":"えん"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.021","source":"手紙は いつも ゆうびんきょくへ もって 行かなくては いけませんか。","translation":"Do you always have to take letters to the post office?","reading":"てがみはいつもゆうびんきょくへもっていかなくてはいけませんか。","words":[{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letters","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"ゆうびん","gloss":"post office"},{"text":"きょく","gloss":"post office"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"もっ","gloss":"take"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"be allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.021.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.022","source":"いいえ、 ポストに 入れても いいです。","translation":"No, you may drop them in a mail box.","reading":"いいえ、ポストにいれてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"ポスト","gloss":"mailbox"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"入れ","gloss":"put","reading":"いれ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"okay"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.022.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.023","source":"はがき","translation":"postcard","reading":"はがき","words":[{"text":"はがき","gloss":"postcard"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.023.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.024","source":"うら","translation":"back","reading":"うら","words":[{"text":"うら","gloss":"back"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"五十","gloss":"50"},{"word":"いつ","gloss":"when?"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ポスト","gloss":"mailbox"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"A letter announcing a visit · Dialogue 5 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"A visit announced by letter","paragraphs":["The letter announces a Saturday visit by a train arriving in Kobe at nine. The writer wants to discuss many things.","The envelope places the recipient in Kobe and the sender in Okayama. *草々* closes the message with \"Yours sincerely.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.025","source":"来週の土曜日朝九時 に神戸につく汽車で あそびに行きます。 その時いろくはなしたいこと があります。 草々","translation":"Next Saturday I will come to visit on the train that arrives in Kobe at nine in the morning. I have many things I want to talk about then. Yours sincerely.","reading":"らいしゅうのどようびあさくじにこうべにつくきしゃであそびにいきます。そのときいろくはなしたいことがあります。そうそう","words":[{"text":"来週","gloss":"next week","reading":"らいしゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"土曜","gloss":"Saturday"},{"text":"日朝","gloss":"morning"},{"text":"九","gloss":"nine"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"神戸","gloss":"Kobe"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"つく","gloss":"arrives"},{"text":"汽車","gloss":"train"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"visit"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time"},{"text":"い","gloss":"many things"},{"text":"ろく","gloss":"many things"},{"text":"はなし","gloss":"talk"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"things"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"草々","gloss":"yours sincerely"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.025.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.026","source":"おもて","translation":"front","reading":"おもて","words":[{"text":"おもて","gloss":"front"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.026.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.027","source":"神戸市須磨区行幸町 三丁目八二 青本一郎様 岡山県総社市 井山 田中春吉","translation":"Mr. Ichiro Aomoto, 82, 3-chome, Gyokocho, Suma Ward, Kobe City; Harukichi Tanaka, Iyama, Soja City, Okayama Prefecture.","reading":"こうべしすまくみゆきちょうさんちょうめはちじゅうにあおもといちろうさまおかやまけんそうじゃしいやまたなかはるきち","words":[{"text":"神戸","gloss":"Kobe"},{"text":"市","gloss":"City"},{"text":"須磨","gloss":"Suma"},{"text":"区","gloss":"Ward"},{"text":"行幸","gloss":"Gyoko"},{"text":"町","gloss":"Town"},{"text":"三","gloss":"third"},{"text":"丁目","gloss":"district"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two"},{"text":"青本","gloss":"Aomoto"},{"text":"一郎","gloss":"Ichiro"},{"text":"様","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"岡山","gloss":"Okayama"},{"text":"県","gloss":"Prefecture"},{"text":"総社","gloss":"Soja"},{"text":"市","gloss":"City"},{"text":"井山","gloss":"Iyama"},{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka"},{"text":"春吉","gloss":"Harukichi"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.027.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.028","source":"手紙","translation":"letter","reading":"てがみ","words":[{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letter","reading":"てがみ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.028.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.029","source":"うら","translation":"back","reading":"うら","words":[{"text":"うら","gloss":"back"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.029.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.030","source":"東京都西多摩郡 日の出村 松尾 田辺道夫","translation":"Michio Tanabe, Matsuo, Hinode Village, Nishitama County, Tokyo.","reading":"とうきょうとにしたまぐんひのでむらまつおたなべみちお","words":[{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"都","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"と"},{"text":"西多摩","gloss":"Nishitama","reading":"にしたま"},{"text":"郡","gloss":"County","reading":"ぐん"},{"text":"日の出","gloss":"Hinode","reading":"ひので"},{"text":"村","gloss":"Village","reading":"むら"},{"text":"松尾","gloss":"Matsuo","reading":"まつお"},{"text":"田辺","gloss":"Tanabe","reading":"たなべ"},{"text":"道夫","gloss":"Michio","reading":"みちお"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.030.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"来週","gloss":"next week"},{"word":"九","gloss":"nine"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"町","gloss":"town"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Stamps, mailboxes and picture postcards · Dialogue 6 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"A picture postcard","paragraphs":["The lines label the front, stamp, mailbox, and picture postcard. The front carries the Tokyo address of Mr. Haruo Yamamoto.","The illustrated side names Mr. Minoru Aoki and describes a scenic place with a distant view of Mount Asama."]}],"lines":[{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.031","source":"おもて","translation":"front","reading":"おもて","words":[{"text":"おもて","gloss":"front"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.031.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.032","source":"東京都港区麻布 富士見町二丁目 二七九 山本春夫様","translation":"Mr. Haruo Yamamoto, 279, 2-chome, Fujimicho, Azabu, Minato Ward, Tokyo.","reading":"とうきょうとみなとくあざぶふじみちょうにちょうめにひゃくななじゅうきゅうやまもとはるおさま","words":[{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo"},{"text":"都","gloss":"Tokyo"},{"text":"港","gloss":"Minato"},{"text":"区","gloss":"Ward"},{"text":"麻布","gloss":"Azabu"},{"text":"富士見町","gloss":"Fujimicho"},{"text":"二","gloss":"second"},{"text":"丁目","gloss":"district"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"text":"九","gloss":"nine"},{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto"},{"text":"春夫","gloss":"Haruo"},{"text":"様","gloss":"Mr."}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.032.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.033","source":"切手","translation":"stamp","reading":"きって","words":[{"text":"切手","gloss":"stamp","reading":"きって"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.033.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.034","source":"ポスト","translation":"mailbox","reading":"ポスト","words":[{"text":"ポスト","gloss":"mailbox"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.034.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.035","source":"え は が き","translation":"picture postcard","reading":"えはがき","words":[{"text":"え","gloss":"picture postcard"},{"text":"は","gloss":"picture postcard"},{"text":"が","gloss":"picture postcard"},{"text":"き","gloss":"picture postcard"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.035.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L029.dlg.036","source":"えはがき ? 青木実様 また遠く浅間を見る景勝地? ?子","translation":"Picture postcard; Mr. Minoru Aoki; a scenic place with a distant view of Mount Asama; [illegible].","reading":"えはがき?あおきみのるさままたとおくあさまをみるけいしょうち??こ","words":[{"text":"え","gloss":"picture postcard"},{"text":"はがき?","gloss":"picture postcard"},{"text":"青木","gloss":"Aoki"},{"text":"実","gloss":"Minoru"},{"text":"様","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"また","gloss":"also"},{"text":"遠く","gloss":"distantly","reading":"とおく"},{"text":"浅間","gloss":"Mount Asama","reading":"あさま"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"view","reading":"みる"},{"text":"景勝","gloss":"scenic","reading":"けいしょう"},{"text":"地??","gloss":"place","reading":"ち"},{"text":"子","gloss":"illegible","reading":"こ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.dlg.036.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"き","gloss":"counter for airplanes (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Permission and lack of obligation · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"Permission to act","paragraphs":["*書いても いいです* means \"You may write.\" Here *いいです* means \"it is all right.\"","An affirmative verb ending in *て* plus *も いいです* requests or grants permission. *もう 家へ かえっても いいですか* asks \"May I go home now?\""]},{"title":"Permission not to act","paragraphs":["*書かなくても いいです* means \"You do not have to write.\" The negative verb ending is *なくて*.","With *も いいです*, it permits omission of the action. *今ばん べんきょう しなくても いいです* permits not studying tonight."]}],"lines":[{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp1.01","source":"書いても いいです。","translation":"You may write.","reading":"かいてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp1.02","source":"書かなくても いいです。","translation":"You don't have to write.","reading":"かかなくてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"書か","gloss":"write","reading":"かか"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp1.03","source":"たちます —— たってもいいです —— たたなくてもいいです。","translation":"stand — may stand — do not have to stand.","reading":"たちます——たってもいいです——たたなくてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"たち","gloss":"stand"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"たっ","gloss":"stand"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です——","gloss":"is"},{"text":"たた","gloss":"stand"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp1.04","source":"行きます —— 行ってもいいです —— 行かなくてもいいです。","translation":"go — may go — do not have to go.","reading":"いきます——いってもいいです——いかなくてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です——","gloss":"is"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp1.05","source":"見ます —— 見てもいいです —— 見なくても いいです。","translation":"look — may look — do not have to look.","reading":"みます——みてもいいです——みなくてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"見","gloss":"look","reading":"み"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"見","gloss":"look","reading":"み"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です——","gloss":"is"},{"text":"見","gloss":"look","reading":"み"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp1.06","source":"ならいます —— ならっても いいです —— ならわなくてもいいです。","translation":"learn — may learn — do not have to learn.","reading":"ならいます——ならってもいいです——ならわなくてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"ならい","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ならっ","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です——","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ならわ","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp1.07","source":"読みます —— 読んでもいいです —— 読まなくてもいいです。","translation":"read — may read — do not have to read.","reading":"よみます——よんでもいいです——よまなくてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"読み","gloss":"read","reading":"よみ"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"読ん","gloss":"read","reading":"よん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です——","gloss":"is"},{"text":"読ま","gloss":"read","reading":"よま"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp1.08","source":"もう 家へ かえっても いいですか。","translation":"May I go home now?","reading":"もういえへかえってもいいですか。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"now"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"かえっ","gloss":"go home"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp1.09","source":"はい、 家へ かえっても いいです。","translation":"Yes, you may go home.","reading":"はい、いえへかえってもいいです。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"かえっ","gloss":"go home"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp1.10","source":"今 たべても いいですか。","translation":"May I eat now?","reading":"いまたべてもいいですか。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp1.11","source":"はい、 たべても いいです。","translation":"Yes, you may eat.","reading":"はい、たべてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp1.11.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp1.12","source":"これを 知らなくても いいですか。","translation":"Is it all right if I do not know this?","reading":"これをしらなくてもいいですか。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"知ら","gloss":"know","reading":"しら"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp1.12.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp1.13","source":"はい、 それを 知らなくても いいです。","translation":"Yes, you do not have to know that.","reading":"はい、それをしらなくてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"知ら","gloss":"know","reading":"しら"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp1.13.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp1.14","source":"今ばん べんきょう しなくても いいですか。","translation":"Is it all right if I do not study tonight?","reading":"いまばんべんきょうしなくてもいいですか。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"tonight","reading":"いま"},{"text":"ばん","gloss":"tonight"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp1.14.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp1.15","source":"はい、 今ばん べんきょう しなくても いいです。","translation":"Yes, you do not have to study tonight.","reading":"はい、いまばんべんきょうしなくてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"今","gloss":"tonight","reading":"いま"},{"text":"ばん","gloss":"tonight"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp1.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます——","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"ばん","gloss":"evening, night"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Requirements and prohibitions · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"An action that will not do","paragraphs":["*書いては いけません* means \"You should not write.\" Here *いけません* means \"it will not do.\"","An affirmative verb ending in *て* plus *は いけません* prohibits an action. *まどを あけては いけません* means \"You must not open the window.\""]},{"title":"An action that is required","paragraphs":["*書かなくては いけません* means \"You have to write.\" A negative verb ending in *なくて* plus *は いけません* states an obligation.","*たたなくては いけませんか* asks \"Must I stand?\""]}],"lines":[{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp2.01","source":"書いては いけません。","translation":"You should not write.","reading":"かいてはいけません。","words":[{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp2.01.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp2.02","source":"書かなくては いけません。","translation":"You have to write.","reading":"かかなくてはいけません。","words":[{"text":"書か","gloss":"write","reading":"かか"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp2.02.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp2.03","source":"たちます —— たっては いけません。—— たたなくては いけません。","translation":"stand — must not stand — must stand.","reading":"たちます——たってはいけません。——たたなくてはいけません。","words":[{"text":"たち","gloss":"stand"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"たっ","gloss":"stand"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。——","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"たた","gloss":"stand"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp2.03.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp2.04","source":"行きます —— 行っては いけません。—— 行かなくては いけません。","translation":"go — must not go — must go.","reading":"いきます——いってはいけません。——いかなくてはいけません。","words":[{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。——","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp2.04.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp2.05","source":"見ます —— 見ては いけません。—— 見なくては いけません。","translation":"look — must not look — must look.","reading":"みます——みてはいけません。——みなくてはいけません。","words":[{"text":"見","gloss":"look","reading":"み"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"見","gloss":"look","reading":"み"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。——","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"見","gloss":"look","reading":"み"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp2.05.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp2.06","source":"ならいます —— ならっては いけません。—— ならわなくては いけません。","translation":"learn — must not learn — must learn.","reading":"ならいます——ならってはいけません。——ならわなくてはいけません。","words":[{"text":"ならい","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ならっ","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。——","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ならわ","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp2.06.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp2.07","source":"読みます —— 読んでは いけません。—— 読まなくては いけません。","translation":"read — must not read — must read.","reading":"よみます——よんではいけません。——よまなくてはいけません。","words":[{"text":"読み","gloss":"read","reading":"よみ"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"読ん","gloss":"read","reading":"よん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。——","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"読ま","gloss":"read","reading":"よま"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp2.07.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp2.08","source":"まどを あけても いいですか。","translation":"May I open the window?","reading":"まどをあけてもいいですか。","words":[{"text":"まど","gloss":"window"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あけ","gloss":"open"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp2.08.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp2.09","source":"いいえ、 まどを あけては いけません。","translation":"No, you must not open the window.","reading":"いいえ、まどをあけてはいけません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"まど","gloss":"window"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あけ","gloss":"open"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp2.09.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp2.10","source":"たたなくては いけませんか。","translation":"Must I stand?","reading":"たたなくてはいけませんか。","words":[{"text":"たた","gloss":"stand"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp2.10.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp2.11","source":"いいえ、 たたなくても いいです。","translation":"No, you do not have to stand.","reading":"いいえ、たたなくてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"たた","gloss":"stand"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp2.11.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp2.12","source":"六時に おきなくては いけませんか。","translation":"Must I get up at six?","reading":"ろくじにおきなくてはいけませんか。","words":[{"text":"六","gloss":"six","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp2.12.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp2.13","source":"いいえ、 六時に おきなくても いいです。","translation":"No, you do not have to get up at six.","reading":"いいえ、ろくじにおきなくてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp2.13.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp2.14","source":"もう かえっても いいですか。","translation":"May I go home now?","reading":"もうかえってもいいですか。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"now"},{"text":"かえって","gloss":"go home"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp2.14.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp2.15","source":"いいえ、 まだ かえっては いけません。","translation":"No, you must not go home yet.","reading":"いいえ、まだかえってはいけません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"かえっ","gloss":"go home"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp2.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"六","gloss":"six"},{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Giving positive and negative advice · Perception drill, Block 3","teaching":[{"title":"The better action","paragraphs":["*読む方が いいです* means \"It is better to read.\" *方が いいです* follows an informal non-past verb and recommends that choice.","*朝 はやく おきる方が いいです* means \"It is better to get up early in the morning.\""]},{"title":"The better action is negative","paragraphs":["After an informal negative verb, *方が いいです* recommends not doing the action.","*読まない方が いいです* means \"It is better not to read.\" *子供を つれて 行かない方が いいです* advises against taking the children along."]}],"lines":[{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp3.01","source":"読む方が いいです。","translation":"You had better read.\" \"It's better to read.","reading":"よむほうがいいです。","words":[{"text":"読む","gloss":"read","reading":"よむ"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp3.01.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp3.02","source":"読まない方が いいです。","translation":"It's better not to read.","reading":"よまないほうがいいです。","words":[{"text":"読ま","gloss":"read","reading":"よま"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp3.02.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp3.03","source":"たちます —— たつ方がいいです。—— たたない方がいいです。","translation":"stand — it is better to stand — it is better not to stand.","reading":"たちます——たつほうがいいです。——たたないほうがいいです。","words":[{"text":"たち","gloss":"stand"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"たつ","gloss":"stand"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。——","gloss":"is"},{"text":"たた","gloss":"stand"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp3.03.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp3.04","source":"はなします —— はなす方がいいです。—— はなさない方がいいです。","translation":"speak — it is better to speak — it is better not to speak.","reading":"はなします——はなすほうがいいです。——はなさないほうがいいです。","words":[{"text":"はなし","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"はなす","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。——","gloss":"is"},{"text":"はなさ","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp3.04.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp3.05","source":"ならいます —— ならう方がいいです。—— ならわない方がいいです。","translation":"learn — it is better to learn — it is better not to learn.","reading":"ならいます——ならうほうがいいです。——ならわないほうがいいです。","words":[{"text":"ならい","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ならう","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。——","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ならわ","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp3.05.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp3.06","source":"買います —— 買う方がいいです。—— 買わない方が いいです。","translation":"buy — it is better to buy — it is better not to buy.","reading":"かいます——かうほうがいいです。——かわないほうがいいです。","words":[{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。——","gloss":"is"},{"text":"買わ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp3.06.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp3.07","source":"やすみます —— やすむ方がいいです。—— やすまない方がいいです。","translation":"rest — it is better to rest — it is better not to rest.","reading":"やすみます——やすむほうがいいです。——やすまないほうがいいです。","words":[{"text":"やすみ","gloss":"rest"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"やすむ","gloss":"rest"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。——","gloss":"is"},{"text":"やすま","gloss":"rest"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp3.07.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp3.08","source":"時々、 さんぽする方が いいですか。","translation":"Is it better to take a walk sometimes?","reading":"ときどき、さんぽするほうがいいですか。","words":[{"text":"時々、","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"さんぽ","gloss":"walk"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp3.08.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp3.09","source":"はい、 時々、 さんぽする方が いいです。","translation":"Yes, it is better to take a walk sometimes.","reading":"はい、ときどき、さんぽするほうがいいです。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"時々、","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"さんぽ","gloss":"walk"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp3.09.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp3.10","source":"夜、 沢山 たべる方が いいですか。","translation":"Is it better to eat a lot at night?","reading":"よる、たくさんたべるほうがいいですか。","words":[{"text":"夜、","gloss":"at night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"a lot","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"たべる","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp3.10.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp3.11","source":"いいえ、 夜は 沢山 たべない方が いいです。","translation":"No, it is better not to eat a lot at night.","reading":"いいえ、よるはたくさんたべないほうがいいです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"夜","gloss":"at night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"a lot","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp3.11.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp3.12","source":"朝 はやく おきる 方が いいですか。","translation":"Is it better to get up early in the morning?","reading":"あさはやくおきるほうがいいですか。","words":[{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"はやく","gloss":"early"},{"text":"おきる","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp3.12.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp3.13","source":"はい、 朝 はやく おきる方が いいです。","translation":"Yes, it is better to get up early in the morning.","reading":"はい、あさはやくおきるほうがいいです。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"はやく","gloss":"early"},{"text":"おきる","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp3.13.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp3.14","source":"子供を つれて行く方が いいですか。","translation":"Is it better to take the children along?","reading":"こどもをつれていくほうがいいですか。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"take along","reading":"いく"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp3.14.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp3.15","source":"いいえ、 子供を つれて 行かない方が いいです。","translation":"No, it is better not to take the children along.","reading":"いいえ、こどもをつれていかないほうがいいです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"take along","reading":"いか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp3.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"買う","gloss":"to buy"},{"word":"やすむ","gloss":"to rest, to retire (v.i.)"},{"word":"時々、","gloss":"sometimes, occasionally"},{"word":"さんぽ","gloss":"strolling"},{"word":"夜、","gloss":"night, evening"},{"word":"朝","gloss":"morning"},{"word":"おきる","gloss":"to rise, get up (v.i.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Turning actions into subjects · Perception drill, Block 4","teaching":[{"title":"An action becomes a noun","paragraphs":["*ならうのは やさしいです* means \"Learning is easy.\" After an informal non-past verb, *の* turns the action into a noun.","That noun can take *は* or *が*. *およぐのが 好きです* means \"I like swimming.\""]},{"title":"Judging the action","paragraphs":["The statement can judge an activity as easy, difficult, good, or bad. *かん字を 書くのは むずかしいです* means \"Writing kanji is difficult.\"","It can also describe skill or preference. *はなすのが 上手です* means \"is good at speaking.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp4.01","source":"ならうのは やさしいです。","translation":"It's easy to learn.\" \"Learning is easy.","reading":"ならうのはやさしいです。","words":[{"text":"ならう","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp4.01.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp4.02","source":"およぐのが 好きです。","translation":"I like swimming.","reading":"およぐのがすきです。","words":[{"text":"およぐ","gloss":"swim"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act of"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp4.02.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp4.03","source":"たべます —— 沢山 たべるのは わるいです。","translation":"eat — eating a lot is bad.","reading":"たべます——たくさんたべるのはわるいです。","words":[{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"a lot","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"たべる","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"わるい","gloss":"bad"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp4.03.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp4.04","source":"書きます —— かん字を 書くのは むずかしいです。","translation":"write — writing kanji is difficult.","reading":"かきます——かんじをかくのはむずかしいです。","words":[{"text":"書き","gloss":"write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書く","gloss":"write","reading":"かく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp4.04.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp4.05","source":"ならいます —— ひらがなを ならうのは やさしいです。","translation":"learn — learning hiragana is easy.","reading":"ならいます——ひらがなをならうのはやさしいです。","words":[{"text":"ならい","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ひらがな","gloss":"hiragana"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ならう","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp4.05.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp4.06","source":"べんきょうします —— べんきょうするのは いいです。","translation":"study — studying is good.","reading":"べんきょうします——べんきょうするのはいいです。","words":[{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp4.06.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp4.07","source":"はなします —— はなすのが 上手です。","translation":"speak — is good at speaking.","reading":"はなします——はなすのがじょうずです。","words":[{"text":"はなし","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"はなす","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act of"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"skillful","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp4.07.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp4.08","source":"毎日、 かん字を 十ぐらい ならうのは むずかしいですか。","translation":"Is it difficult to learn about ten kanji every day?","reading":"まいにち、かんじをじゅうぐらいならうのはむずかしいですか。","words":[{"text":"毎日、","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji","reading":"かんじ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"十","gloss":"ten","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"ならう","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp4.08.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp4.09","source":"はい、 かなり むずかしいです。","translation":"Yes, it is fairly difficult.","reading":"はい、かなりむずかしいです。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"かなり","gloss":"fairly"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp4.09.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp4.10","source":"あなたは 字を 書くのが 上手ですね。","translation":"You're good at writing characters, aren't you?","reading":"あなたはじをかくのがじょうずですね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"字","gloss":"characters","reading":"じ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書く","gloss":"write","reading":"かく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act of"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good at","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp4.10.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp4.11","source":"いいえ、 まだ 下手です。","translation":"No, I'm still not very good at it.","reading":"いいえ、まだへたです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"下手","gloss":"not very good","reading":"へた"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp4.11.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp4.12","source":"あなたは およぐのが 好きですか。","translation":"Do you like swimming?","reading":"あなたはおよぐのがすきですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"およぐ","gloss":"swim"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act of"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp4.12.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp4.13","source":"いいえ、 およぐのが きらいです。","translation":"No, I don't like swimming.","reading":"いいえ、およぐのがきらいです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"およぐ","gloss":"swim"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act of"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"きらい","gloss":"dislike"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp4.13.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp4.14","source":"あなたは いつも 本を 読んでいますね。","translation":"You're always reading books, aren't you?","reading":"あなたはいつもほんをよんでいますね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"本","gloss":"books","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読ん","gloss":"are reading","reading":"よん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"are reading"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are reading"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are reading"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp4.14.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp4.15","source":"ええ、 本を 読むのが 好きですから。","translation":"Yes, because I like reading books.","reading":"ええ、ほんをよむのがすきですから。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"本","gloss":"books","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読む","gloss":"read","reading":"よむ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act of"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp4.15.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L029.gp4.16","source":"百円","translation":"One hundred yen.","reading":"ひゃくえん","words":[{"text":"百","gloss":"one hundred","reading":"ひゃく"},{"text":"円","gloss":"yen","reading":"えん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.gp4.16.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"word":"およぐ","gloss":"to swim"},{"word":"好き","gloss":"to like, be fond of (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"わるい","gloss":"bad"},{"word":"ひらがな","gloss":"HIRAGANA syllabary"},{"word":"上手","gloss":"skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"かなり","gloss":"fairly"},{"word":"下手","gloss":"unskilled, poor in doing things"},{"word":"きらい","gloss":"dislike (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"本","gloss":"numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"から。","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"百","gloss":"100"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Permission and optional actions · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Allowed and unnecessary actions","paragraphs":["*うらに 書いてもいいです* means \"You may write on the back.\" The affirmative verb ending in *て* with *もいいです* grants permission.","*切手を はらなくてもいいです* means \"You do not have to affix stamps.\" The negative verb ending in *なくて* grants permission not to act."]}],"lines":[{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt1.01","source":"うらに 書いてもいいです。","translation":"You may write on the back.","reading":"うらにかいてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"うら","gloss":"back"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"okay"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt1.02","source":"切手を はらなくてもいいです。","translation":"You don't have to affix stamps.","reading":"きってをはらなくてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"切手","gloss":"stamps","reading":"きって"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はら","gloss":"affix"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"okay"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt1.03","source":"字しょを 使ってもいいです。","translation":"You may use a dictionary.","reading":"じしょをつかってもいいです。","words":[{"text":"字","gloss":"dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"dictionary"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"使っ","gloss":"use","reading":"つかっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"okay"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt1.04","source":"えい語で はなしてもいいです。","translation":"You may speak in English.","reading":"えいごではなしてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"えい語","gloss":"English"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"なし","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"okay"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt1.05","source":"家へ かえってもいいです。","translation":"You may go home.","reading":"いえへかえってもいいです。","words":[{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"かえっ","gloss":"go home"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"okay"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt1.06","source":"それを ならわなくてもいいです。","translation":"You don't have to learn that.","reading":"それをならわなくてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ならわ","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"okay"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt1.07","source":"明日は はたらかなくてもいいです。","translation":"You don't have to work tomorrow.","reading":"あしたははたらかなくてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"はたらか","gloss":"work"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"okay"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt1.08","source":"はやく おきなくてもいいです。","translation":"You don't have to get up early.","reading":"はやくおきなくてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"はやく","gloss":"early"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"okay"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt1.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking permission for writing · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Permission in a question","paragraphs":["*自分の所と名前は、 うらに書いてもいいですか* asks \"May I write my address and name on the back?\" The matching answer grants permission.","*金曜日のばんは、 べんきょうしなくてもいいですか* asks \"Do I have to study on Friday evening?\" The answer says that study is unnecessary."]}],"lines":[{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt1.09","source":"自分の所と名前は、 うらに書いてもいいですか。","translation":"May I write my address and name on the back?","reading":"じぶんのところとなまえは、うらにかいてもいいですか。","words":[{"text":"自分","gloss":"my","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"所","gloss":"address","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"名前","gloss":"name","reading":"なまえ"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"うら","gloss":"back"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"okay"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt1.10","source":"はい、 うらに書いてもいいです。","translation":"Yes, you may write them on the back.","reading":"はい、うらにかいてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"うら","gloss":"back"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"okay"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt1.11","source":"金曜日のばんは、 べんきょうしなくてもいいですか。","translation":"Do I have to study on Friday evening?","reading":"きんようびのばんは、べんきょうしなくてもいいですか。","words":[{"text":"金曜","gloss":"Friday","reading":"きんよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Friday","reading":"び"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ばん","gloss":"evening"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"okay"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt1.12","source":"ええ、 べんきょうしなくてもいいです。","translation":"No, you don't have to study.","reading":"ええ、べんきょうしなくてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"okay"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt1.13","source":"先生、 えんぴつで 書いてもいいですか。","translation":"Teacher, may I write with a pencil?","reading":"せんせい、えんぴつでかいてもいいですか。","words":[{"text":"先生、","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"okay"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt1.14","source":"ええ、 えんぴつで 書いてもいいです。","translation":"Yes, you may write with a pencil.","reading":"ええ、えんぴつでかいてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"okay"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt1.15","source":"まどを しめます。","translation":"I close the window.","reading":"まどをしめます。","words":[{"text":"まど","gloss":"window"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"しめ","gloss":"close"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt1.15.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt1.16","source":"子供を つれて来ます。","translation":"I bring the child with me.","reading":"こどもをつれてきます。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"bring along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"bring along"},{"text":"来","gloss":"bring along","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt1.16.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Going, wearing and studying · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Everyday action cues","paragraphs":["*そとに 出ます* means \"I go outside.\" The lines supply everyday actions for permission and exemption forms.","*べんきょうを つづけます* means \"I continue studying.\" Other lines cover returning, wearing, waking, learning, teaching, and answering."]}],"lines":[{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt1.17","source":"そとに 出ます。","translation":"I go outside.","reading":"そとにでます。","words":[{"text":"そと","gloss":"outside"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"出","gloss":"go out","reading":"で"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt1.17.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt1.18","source":"はやく かえります。","translation":"I go home early.","reading":"はやくかえります。","words":[{"text":"はやく","gloss":"early"},{"text":"かえり","gloss":"go home"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt1.19","source":"ぼうしを かぶります。","translation":"I wear a hat.","reading":"ぼうしをかぶります。","words":[{"text":"ぼうし","gloss":"hat"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かぶり","gloss":"wear"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt1.20","source":"朝 はやく おきます。","translation":"I get up early in the morning.","reading":"あさはやくおきます。","words":[{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"はやく","gloss":"early"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt1.20.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt1.21","source":"かん字を ならいます。","translation":"I learn kanji.","reading":"かんじをならいます。","words":[{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ならい","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt1.21.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt1.22","source":"三時間 おしえます。","translation":"I teach for three hours.","reading":"さんじかんおしえます。","words":[{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"おしえ","gloss":"teach"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt1.22.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt1.23","source":"しつもんに こたえます。","translation":"I answer the question.","reading":"しつもんにこたえます。","words":[{"text":"しつもん","gloss":"question"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"こたえ","gloss":"answer"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt1.23.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt1.24","source":"べんきょうを つづけます。","translation":"I continue studying.","reading":"べんきょうをつづけます。","words":[{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"studying"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つづけ","gloss":"continue"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt1.24.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"そと","gloss":"outside"},{"word":"時間","gloss":"hour, time"},{"word":"しつもん","gloss":"question"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Rules for school activities · Pattern 2 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Rules at school","paragraphs":["*今日、 そとへ 出てはいけません* means \"You must not go outside today.\"","*いつも 日本語を はなさなくては いけません* means \"You must always speak Japanese.\" The first line prohibits an action, and the second requires one."]},{"title":"Permission after a reason","paragraphs":["*もう十二時ですから、 たべてもいいです* means \"It is twelve o'clock now, so you may eat.\" The answer permits eating lunch."]}],"lines":[{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.01","source":"それを たべては いけません。","translation":"You should not eat it.","reading":"それをたべてはいけません。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"it"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.02","source":"時々 さかなを たべなくては いけません。","translation":"You have to eat fish sometimes.","reading":"ときどきさかなをたべなくてはいけません。","words":[{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.03","source":"今日、 そとへ 出てはいけません。","translation":"You must not go outside today.","reading":"きょう、そとへでてはいけません。","words":[{"text":"今日、","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"そと","gloss":"outside"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"出","gloss":"go out","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.04","source":"きょうしつの中で、 たべてはいけません。","translation":"You must not eat in the classroom.","reading":"きょうしつのなかで、たべてはいけません。","words":[{"text":"きょうしつ","gloss":"classroom"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"中","gloss":"inside","reading":"なか"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"at"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.05","source":"いつも 日本語を はなさなくては いけません。","translation":"You must always speak Japanese.","reading":"いつもにほんごをはなさなくてはいけません。","words":[{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はなさ","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.05.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.06","source":"毎日 学校へ 行かなくては いけません。","translation":"You must go to school every day.","reading":"まいにちがっこうへいかなくてはいけません。","words":[{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.07","source":"もっと べんきょうしなくては いけません。","translation":"You must study more.","reading":"もっとべんきょうしなくてはいけません。","words":[{"text":"もっと","gloss":"more"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.07.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.08","source":"まだ、 べんとうを たべてはいけませんか。","translation":"Am I not allowed to eat my lunch yet?","reading":"まだ、べんとうをたべてはいけませんか。","words":[{"text":"まだ、","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"べんとう","gloss":"lunch"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.09","source":"もう十二時ですから、 たべてもいいです。","translation":"It is already twelve o'clock, so you may eat.","reading":"もうじゅうにじですから、たべてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"十","gloss":"twelve o’clock","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"二","gloss":"twelve o’clock","reading":"に"},{"text":"時","gloss":"twelve o’clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"て","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.10","source":"えんぴつで 書いても いいですか。","translation":"May I write with a pencil?","reading":"えんぴつでかいてもいいですか。","words":[{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"write"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.10.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"時々","gloss":"sometimes, occasionally"},{"word":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"word":"今日、","gloss":"today"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"もっと","gloss":"more (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"まだ、","gloss":"yet, still"},{"word":"べんとう","gloss":"box lunch"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Language and study requirements · Pattern 2 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"What the rules require","paragraphs":["*えんぴつで 書いては いけません* prohibits writing with a pencil. *その かん字を ならわなくてもいいです* says that learning that kanji is unnecessary.","*日本語で はなさなくてはいけません* requires speaking in Japanese. The negative verb ending distinguishes exemption from obligation through *も* or *は*."]}],"lines":[{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.11","source":"いいえ、 えんぴつで 書いては いけません。","translation":"No, you must not write with a pencil.","reading":"いいえ、えんぴつでかいてはいけません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"write"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"must not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.11.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.12","source":"この かん字を ならわなくてはいけませんか。","translation":"Do I have to learn this kanji?","reading":"このかんじをならわなくてはいけませんか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ならわ","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"must"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.12.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.13","source":"いいえ、 その かん字を ならわなくてもいいです。","translation":"No, you don't have to learn that kanji.","reading":"いいえ、そのかんじをならわなくてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ならわ","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.13.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.14","source":"日本語で はなさなくても いいですか。","translation":"Do I not have to speak in Japanese?","reading":"にほんごではなさなくてもいいですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"なさ","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.14.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.15","source":"いいえ、 日本語で はなさなくてはいけません。","translation":"No, you must speak in Japanese.","reading":"いいえ、にほんごではなさなくてはいけません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"なさ","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"must"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.15.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.16","source":"えい語で はなします。","translation":"I speak in English.","reading":"えいごではなします。","words":[{"text":"えい語","gloss":"English"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"なし","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.16.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.17","source":"今、 しんぶんを 読みます。","translation":"I read the newspaper now.","reading":"いま、しんぶんをよみます。","words":[{"text":"今、","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"しんぶん","gloss":"newspaper"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読み","gloss":"read","reading":"よみ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.17.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.18","source":"ここで およぎます。","translation":"I swim here.","reading":"ここでおよぎます。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"およぎ","gloss":"swim"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.18.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.19","source":"日曜日に はたらきます。","translation":"I work on Sunday.","reading":"にちようびにはたらきます。","words":[{"text":"日曜","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"にちよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"び"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"はたらき","gloss":"work"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.19.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.20","source":"たかいものを 買います。","translation":"I buy expensive things.","reading":"たかいものをかいます。","words":[{"text":"たかい","gloss":"expensive"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"things"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.20.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"word":"たかい","gloss":"expensive"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking what rules require · Pattern 2 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Four kinds of rule questions","paragraphs":["*学校へ 子供を つれて来てもいいですか* means \"May I bring my child to school?\" An answer grants or denies permission.","*さかなを たべなくては いけませんか* means \"Do I have to eat fish?\" An answer states obligation or exemption."]}],"lines":[{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.21","source":"きょうしつで たべます。","translation":"I eat in the classroom.","reading":"きょうしつでたべます。","words":[{"text":"きょうしつ","gloss":"classroom"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.21.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.22","source":"学校へ 子供を つれて来てもいいですか。","translation":"May I bring my child to school?","reading":"がっこうへこどもをつれてきてもいいですか。","words":[{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"bring"},{"text":"て","gloss":"bring"},{"text":"来","gloss":"bring","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"bring"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.22.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.23","source":"行かなくてもいいですか。","translation":"Do I not have to go?","reading":"いかなくてもいいですか。","words":[{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.23.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.24","source":"そとに 出ては いけませんか。","translation":"Am I not allowed to go outside?","reading":"そとにでてはいけませんか。","words":[{"text":"そと","gloss":"outside"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"出","gloss":"go out","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go out"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"not allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not allowed"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not allowed"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.24.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.25","source":"あそんでは いけませんか。","translation":"Am I not allowed to play?","reading":"あそんではいけませんか。","words":[{"text":"あ","gloss":"play"},{"text":"そん","gloss":"play"},{"text":"で","gloss":"play"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"not allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not allowed"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not allowed"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.25.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.26","source":"これを 買わなくてもいいですか。","translation":"Do I not have to buy this?","reading":"これをかわなくてもいいですか。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買わ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.26.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.27","source":"さかなを たべなくては いけませんか。","translation":"Do I have to eat fish?","reading":"さかなをたべなくてはいけませんか。","words":[{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"must"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.27.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt2.28","source":"はやく おきなくては いけませんか。","translation":"Do I have to get up early?","reading":"はやくおきなくてはいけませんか。","words":[{"text":"はやく","gloss":"early"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"must"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt2.28.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Advice about everyday choices · Pattern 3 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Advice for everyday choices","paragraphs":["*日本語で はなす方がいいです* recommends speaking in Japanese. The informal verb plus *方がいいです* recommends doing an action.","*沢山 たべない方がいいです* means \"It is better not to eat a lot.\" The informal negative recommends against an action."]}],"lines":[{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt3.01","source":"日本語で はなす方がいいです。","translation":"It's better to speak in Japanese\" or \"You had better speak in Japanese.","reading":"にほんごではなすほうがいいです。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"なす","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt3.01.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt3.02","source":"沢山 たべない方がいいです。","translation":"It's better not to eat a lot\" or \"You had better not eat a lot.","reading":"たくさんたべないほうがいいです。","words":[{"text":"沢山","gloss":"a lot","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt3.02.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt3.03","source":"ダイアログを おぼえる方が いいです。","translation":"It is better to memorize the dialogue.","reading":"ダイアログをおぼえるほうがいいです。","words":[{"text":"ダイアログ","gloss":"dialogue"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おぼえる","gloss":"memorize"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt3.03.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt3.04","source":"べんとうを もって行く方が いいです。","translation":"It is better to take a boxed lunch with you.","reading":"べんとうをもっていくほうがいいです。","words":[{"text":"べんとう","gloss":"boxed lunch"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もっ","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"take along","reading":"いく"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt3.04.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt3.05","source":"夜 はやく やすむ方が いいです。","translation":"It is better to go to bed early at night.","reading":"よるはやくやすむほうがいいです。","words":[{"text":"夜","gloss":"at night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"はやく","gloss":"early"},{"text":"やすむ","gloss":"go to bed"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt3.05.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt3.06","source":"ここで およがない方が いいです。","translation":"It is better not to swim here.","reading":"ここでおよがないほうがいいです。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"およが","gloss":"swim"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt3.06.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt3.07","source":"くつを はかない方が いいです。","translation":"It is better not to wear shoes.","reading":"くつをはかないほうがいいです。","words":[{"text":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"は","gloss":"not wear"},{"text":"かない","gloss":"not wear"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt3.07.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt3.08","source":"安いのを 買う方が いいですか。","translation":"Is it better to buy a cheap one?","reading":"やすいのをかうほうがいいですか。","words":[{"text":"安い","gloss":"cheap","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt3.08.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt3.09","source":"いいえ、 たかいのを 買う方が いいです。","translation":"No, it is better to buy an expensive one.","reading":"いいえ、たかいのをかうほうがいいです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"たかい","gloss":"expensive"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt3.09.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt3.10","source":"夜 沢山 たべる方が いいですか。","translation":"Is it better to eat a lot at night?","reading":"よるたくさんたべるほうがいいですか。","words":[{"text":"夜","gloss":"at night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"a lot","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"たべる","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt3.10.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ダイアログ","gloss":"dialogue"},{"word":"おぼえる","gloss":"to memorize, remember (v.t.)"},{"word":"夜","gloss":"night, evening"},{"word":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"word":"かない","gloss":"wife (self)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Advice followed by action cues · Pattern 3 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Advice instead of permission","paragraphs":["*ここで およいでも いいですか* asks \"May I swim here?\" The answer does not state a prohibition.","*ここで およがない方が いいです* means \"It is better not to swim here.\" The negative informal verb plus *方が いいです* gives advice."]}],"lines":[{"number":160,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt3.11","source":"いいえ、 夜は 沢山 たべない方が いいです。","translation":"No, it is better not to eat a lot at night.","reading":"いいえ、よるはたくさんたべないほうがいいです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"夜","gloss":"at night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"a lot","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt3.11.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt3.12","source":"ここで およいでも いいですか。","translation":"May I swim here?","reading":"ここでおよいでもいいですか。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"およい","gloss":"swim"},{"text":"で","gloss":"swim"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt3.12.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt3.13","source":"いいえ、 ここで およがない方が いいです。","translation":"No, it is better not to swim here.","reading":"いいえ、ここでおよがないほうがいいです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"およが","gloss":"swim"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt3.13.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt3.14","source":"もって来ます。","translation":"I will bring it.","reading":"もってきます。","words":[{"text":"もっ","gloss":"bring"},{"text":"て","gloss":"bring"},{"text":"来","gloss":"bring","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt3.14.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt3.15","source":"おぼえます。","translation":"I will memorize it.","reading":"おぼえます。","words":[{"text":"おぼえ","gloss":"memorize"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt3.15.m4a"},{"number":165,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt3.16","source":"読みます。","translation":"I will read it.","reading":"よみます。","words":[{"text":"読み","gloss":"read","reading":"よみ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt3.16.m4a"},{"number":166,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt3.17","source":"書きます。","translation":"I will write it.","reading":"かきます。","words":[{"text":"書き","gloss":"write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt3.17.m4a"},{"number":167,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt3.18","source":"あけます。","translation":"I will open it.","reading":"あけます。","words":[{"text":"あけ","gloss":"open"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt3.18.m4a"},{"number":168,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt3.19","source":"見ます。","translation":"I will look at it.","reading":"みます。","words":[{"text":"見","gloss":"look at","reading":"み"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt3.19.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Judging everyday activities · Pattern 4 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Activities as topics and subjects","paragraphs":["*はしを 使うのは むずかしいです* means \"It is difficult to use chopsticks.\" The *の* after the informal verb makes the activity a noun.","*あの 生徒は かん字を 書くのが 上手です* describes skill in writing kanji. With *が*, the noun can express a skill or preference."]}],"lines":[{"number":169,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt4.m1","source":"毎日 かん字を 十 ならうのは むずかしいです。","translation":"It's difficult to learn ten KANJI everyday.\" \"Learning ten KANJI everyday is difficult.","reading":"まいにちかんじをじゅうならうのはむずかしいです。","words":[{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji","reading":"かんじ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"十","gloss":"ten","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"ならう","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt4.m1.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt4.01","source":"時々 さんぽするのは いいです。","translation":"It is good to take a walk sometimes.","reading":"ときどきさんぽするのはいいです。","words":[{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"さんぽ","gloss":"take a walk"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt4.01.m4a"},{"number":171,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt4.02","source":"はしを 使うのは むずかしいです。","translation":"It is difficult to use chopsticks.","reading":"はしをつかうのはむずかしいです。","words":[{"text":"はし","gloss":"chopsticks"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"使う","gloss":"use","reading":"つかう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt4.02.m4a"},{"number":172,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt4.03","source":"朝はやく おきるのは いいです。","translation":"It is good to get up early in the morning.","reading":"あさはやくおきるのはいいです。","words":[{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"はやく","gloss":"early"},{"text":"おきる","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt4.03.m4a"},{"number":173,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt4.04","source":"あの 生徒は かん字を 書くのが 上手です。","translation":"That student is good at writing kanji.","reading":"あのせいとはかんじをかくのがじょうずです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書く","gloss":"write","reading":"かく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"skilled","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt4.04.m4a"},{"number":174,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt4.05","source":"あの 生徒は あそぶのが 好きです。","translation":"That student likes to play.","reading":"あのせいとはあそぶのがすきです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あそぶ","gloss":"play"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"likes","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt4.05.m4a"},{"number":175,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt4.06","source":"朝はんを たべないのは わるいです。","translation":"It is bad not to eat breakfast.","reading":"あさはんをたべないのはわるいです。","words":[{"text":"朝","gloss":"breakfast","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"はん","gloss":"breakfast"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"わるい","gloss":"bad"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt4.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"使う","gloss":"to use, employ"},{"word":"あそぶ","gloss":"to play (v.i.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Comparing difficult activities · Pattern 4 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Two activities compared","paragraphs":["*書くのは やさしいですが、 はなすのは むずかしいです* means \"Writing is easy, but speaking is difficult.\" Each *の* makes an action a topic."]},{"title":"An event as the topic","paragraphs":["*さくらの 花が さくのは 何月頃ですか* asks about the month when cherry blossoms bloom. The answer is around the beginning of April."]}],"lines":[{"number":176,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt4.07","source":"日本語を ならうのは むずかしいでしょう。","translation":"It is probably difficult to learn Japanese.","reading":"にほんごをならうのはむずかしいでしょう。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ならう","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt4.07.m4a"},{"number":177,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt4.08","source":"書くのは やさしいですが、 はなすのは むずかしいです。","translation":"Writing is easy, but speaking is difficult.","reading":"かくのはやさしいですが、はなすのはむずかしいです。","words":[{"text":"書く","gloss":"write","reading":"かく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"はなす","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt4.08.m4a"},{"number":178,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt4.09","source":"さくらの 花が さくのは 何月頃ですか。","translation":"About what month do the cherry blossoms bloom?","reading":"さくらのはながさくのはなんがつごろですか。","words":[{"text":"さくら","gloss":"cherry"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"花","gloss":"flowers","reading":"はな"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"さく","gloss":"bloom"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what month"},{"text":"月","gloss":"what month"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt4.09.m4a"},{"number":179,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt4.10","source":"四月の はじめ頃です。","translation":"Around the beginning of April.","reading":"しがつのはじめごろです。","words":[{"text":"四","gloss":"April"},{"text":"月","gloss":"April"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"はじめ","gloss":"beginning"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around","reading":"ごろ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt4.10.m4a"},{"number":180,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt4.11","source":"日本しんぶんを 読むのは むずかしいですか。","translation":"Is it difficult to read Japanese newspapers?","reading":"にほんしんぶんをよむのはむずかしいですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"しんぶん","gloss":"newspapers"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読む","gloss":"read","reading":"よむ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt4.11.m4a"},{"number":181,"id":"ja.dli.L029.pt4.12","source":"ええ、 とても むずかしいです。","translation":"Yes, it is very difficult.","reading":"ええ、とてもむずかしいです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.pt4.12.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"さくら","gloss":"cherry (flower)"},{"word":"さく","gloss":"to bloom (v.i.)"},{"word":"月","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"頃","gloss":"approximate point of time (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"はじめ","gloss":"beginning"},{"word":"とても","gloss":"very, indeed"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Writing and addressing letters · Reading Selection 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Letters and their envelopes","paragraphs":["The writer likes writing letters and sends about three each week. *私は 手紙を 書くのが 好きです* uses *の* to make writing the liked activity.","In Japan, the recipient address goes on the front. The sender's address and name go on the back."]}],"lines":[{"number":182,"id":"ja.dli.L029.rd.001","source":"私は 手紙を 書くのが 好きです。","translation":"I like to write letters.","reading":"わたくしはてがみをかくのがすきです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letters","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書く","gloss":"write","reading":"かく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":183,"id":"ja.dli.L029.rd.002","source":"一週間に 三つう","translation":"I write three letters a week.","reading":"いちしゅうかんにさんつう","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"one week","reading":"いち"},{"text":"週間","gloss":"one week","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three letters","reading":"さん"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"three letters"},{"text":"う","gloss":"three letters"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":184,"id":"ja.dli.L029.rd.003","source":"ぐらい 書きます。","translation":"I write about that many.","reading":"ぐらいかきます。","words":[{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":185,"id":"ja.dli.L029.rd.004","source":"時々は書や えは書も 出します。","translation":"Sometimes I also send postcards and picture postcards.","reading":"ときどきはがきやえはがきもだします。","words":[{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"postcards"},{"text":"書","gloss":"postcards","reading":"がき"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"え","gloss":"picture postcards"},{"text":"は","gloss":"picture postcards"},{"text":"書","gloss":"picture postcards","reading":"がき"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"出し","gloss":"send","reading":"だし"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":186,"id":"ja.dli.L029.rd.005","source":"手紙は ふうとうに 入れて 出します。","translation":"I put letters in envelopes and mail them.","reading":"てがみはふうとうにいれてだします。","words":[{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letters","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ふうとう","gloss":"envelopes"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"入れ","gloss":"put","reading":"いれ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"出し","gloss":"mail","reading":"だし"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":187,"id":"ja.dli.L029.rd.006","source":"日本では ふうとうの おもてに あて名を 書いて","translation":"In Japan, you write the address on the front of the envelope.","reading":"にほんではふうとうのおもてにあてなをかいて","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ふうとう","gloss":"envelope"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"おもて","gloss":"front"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"あて名","gloss":"address"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":188,"id":"ja.dli.L029.rd.007","source":"うらに 自分の所と 名前を 書きます。","translation":"You write your own address and name on the back.","reading":"うらにじぶんのところとなまえをかきます。","words":[{"text":"うら","gloss":"back"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"one’s own","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"所","gloss":"address","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"名前","gloss":"name","reading":"なまえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":189,"id":"ja.dli.L029.rd.008","source":"おもてに 自分の","translation":"Your own address and name go on the front.","reading":"おもてにじぶんの","words":[{"text":"おもて","gloss":"front"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"one’s own","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.rd.008.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Japanese postage and stamp placement · Reading Selection 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Sender information and stamps","paragraphs":["The passage says not to put sender information on the front. *所と 名前を 書いては いけません* states that prohibition.","A stamp goes in the upper left corner. An ordinary letter up to twenty-five grams needs a fifteen-yen stamp. Special delivery needs a fifty-yen stamp."]}],"lines":[{"number":190,"id":"ja.dli.L029.rd.009","source":"所と 名前を 書いては いけません。","translation":"You must not write your address and name there.","reading":"ところとなまえをかいてはいけません。","words":[{"text":"所","gloss":"address","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"名前","gloss":"name","reading":"なまえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":191,"id":"ja.dli.L029.rd.010","source":"そして、 切手は","translation":"And the stamp goes in the corner.","reading":"そして、きっては","words":[{"text":"そして、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"切手","gloss":"stamp","reading":"きって"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":192,"id":"ja.dli.L029.rd.011","source":"左の上の すみに はります。","translation":"You put it in the upper left corner.","reading":"ひだりのうえのすみにはります。","words":[{"text":"左","gloss":"left","reading":"ひだり"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"上","gloss":"top","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"すみ","gloss":"corner"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"はり","gloss":"affix"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":193,"id":"ja.dli.L029.rd.012","source":"日本では、 ふつうの 手紙は","translation":"In Japan, an ordinary letter needs a stamp.","reading":"にほんでは、ふつうのてがみは","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ふつう","gloss":"ordinary"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letter","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.rd.012.m4a"},{"number":194,"id":"ja.dli.L029.rd.013","source":"十五円の 切手が いります。","translation":"It needs a fifteen-yen stamp.","reading":"じゅうごえんのきってがいります。","words":[{"text":"十","gloss":"fifteen","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"五","gloss":"fifteen","reading":"ご"},{"text":"円","gloss":"yen","reading":"えん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"切手","gloss":"stamp","reading":"きって"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いり","gloss":"need"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.rd.013.m4a"},{"number":195,"id":"ja.dli.L029.rd.014","source":"二十五 グラムまでが 十五円です。","translation":"It is fifteen yen for up to twenty-five grams.","reading":"にじゅうごグラムまでがじゅうごえんです。","words":[{"text":"二十","gloss":"twenty-five","reading":"にじゅう"},{"text":"五","gloss":"twenty-five","reading":"ご"},{"text":"グラム","gloss":"grams"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"up to"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"十","gloss":"fifteen","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"五","gloss":"fifteen","reading":"ご"},{"text":"円","gloss":"yen","reading":"えん"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.rd.014.m4a"},{"number":196,"id":"ja.dli.L029.rd.015","source":"そくたつ ゆうびんには 五十円の 切手が いります。","translation":"Special-delivery mail needs a fifty-yen stamp.","reading":"そくたつゆうびんにはごじゅうえんのきってがいります。","words":[{"text":"そ","gloss":"special delivery"},{"text":"く","gloss":"special delivery"},{"text":"たつ","gloss":"special delivery"},{"text":"ゆうびん","gloss":"mail"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"五十","gloss":"fifty","reading":"ごじゅう"},{"text":"円","gloss":"yen","reading":"えん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"切手","gloss":"stamp","reading":"きって"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いり","gloss":"need"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.rd.015.m4a"},{"number":197,"id":"ja.dli.L029.rd.016","source":"べいこくでは 手紙を 出す人の 名前と 所は、 ふつう、","translation":"In the United States, the name and address of the person sending the letter usually go on the envelope.","reading":"べいこくではてがみをだすひとのなまえとところは、ふつう、","words":[{"text":"べい","gloss":"United States"},{"text":"こく","gloss":"United States"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letter","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出す","gloss":"mail","reading":"だす"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"名前","gloss":"name","reading":"なまえ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"所","gloss":"address","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ふつう、","gloss":"usually"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.rd.016.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"出す","gloss":"to mail, send, take out"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"American envelopes and mailing letters · Reading Selection 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"American envelopes","paragraphs":["Sender information normally goes on the front, and the stamp goes in the upper right corner. *うらに 書いても いいです* permits sender information on the back.","Letters usually go into a mailbox. A person without stamps buys them at the post office and mails the letter there."]}],"lines":[{"number":198,"id":"ja.dli.L029.rd.017","source":"ふうとうの おもてに 書いて、 切手は 右の上の すみに はります。","translation":"They are written on the front of the envelope, and the stamp is put in the upper right corner.","reading":"ふうとうのおもてにかいて、きってはみぎのうえのすみにはります。","words":[{"text":"ふうとう","gloss":"envelope"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"おもて","gloss":"front"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"切手","gloss":"stamp","reading":"きって"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"右","gloss":"right","reading":"みぎ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"上","gloss":"top","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"すみ","gloss":"corner"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"はり","gloss":"affix"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.rd.017.m4a"},{"number":199,"id":"ja.dli.L029.rd.018","source":"けれども、 自分の 名前と 所を ふうとうの うらに 書きたい","translation":"However, some people want to write their own name and address on the back of the envelope.","reading":"けれども、じぶんのなまえとところをふうとうのうらにかきたい","words":[{"text":"けれど","gloss":"however"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"one’s own","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"名前","gloss":"name","reading":"なまえ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"所","gloss":"address","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ふうとう","gloss":"envelope"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"うら","gloss":"back"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.rd.018.m4a"},{"number":200,"id":"ja.dli.L029.rd.019","source":"人は、 うらに 書いても いいです。","translation":"Those people may write them on the back.","reading":"ひとは、うらにかいてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"うら","gloss":"back"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.rd.019.m4a"},{"number":201,"id":"ja.dli.L029.rd.020","source":"手紙は 大てい ポストに 入れて 出しますが、 切手が","translation":"Letters are usually mailed by putting them in a mailbox, but some people do not have stamps.","reading":"てがみはたいていポストにいれてだしますが、きってが","words":[{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letters","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大てい","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"ポスト","gloss":"mailbox"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"入れ","gloss":"put","reading":"いれ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"出し","gloss":"mail","reading":"だし"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"切手","gloss":"stamps","reading":"きって"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.rd.020.m4a"},{"number":202,"id":"ja.dli.L029.rd.021","source":"ない人は ゆうびんきょくへ 行って、 切手を 買います。","translation":"Those people go to the post office and buy stamps.","reading":"ないひとはゆうびんきょくへいって、きってをかいます。","words":[{"text":"ない","gloss":"without"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ゆうびん","gloss":"post office"},{"text":"きょく","gloss":"post office"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"切手","gloss":"stamps","reading":"きって"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.rd.021.m4a"},{"number":203,"id":"ja.dli.L029.rd.022","source":"そして、","translation":"Then they are ready to mail the letter.","reading":"そして、","words":[{"text":"そして、","gloss":"then"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.rd.022.m4a"},{"number":204,"id":"ja.dli.L029.rd.023","source":"そこで 手紙を 出します。","translation":"They mail the letter there.","reading":"そこでてがみをだします。","words":[{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letter","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出し","gloss":"mail","reading":"だし"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.rd.023.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"そこ","gloss":"there"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Addressing and stamping letters · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Facts about letters and stamps","paragraphs":["The questions ask how often letters are written, what goes on each side of an envelope, and where stamps go.","*ふつうの 手紙には いくらの 切手が いりますか* means \"How much postage does an ordinary letter need?\" An answer supplies the required stamp value."]}],"lines":[{"number":205,"id":"ja.dli.L029.q.001","source":"私は 手紙を 書くのが 好きですか。","translation":"Do I like to write letters?","reading":"わたくしはてがみをかくのがすきですか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letters","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書く","gloss":"write","reading":"かく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.q.001.m4a"},{"number":206,"id":"ja.dli.L029.q.002","source":"私は 毎週 何つうぐらい 手紙を 書きますか。","translation":"About how many letters do I write every week?","reading":"わたくしはまいしゅうなんつうぐらいてがみをかきますか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎週","gloss":"every week","reading":"まいしゅう"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many letters","reading":"なん"},{"text":"つう","gloss":"how many letters"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letters","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.q.002.m4a"},{"number":207,"id":"ja.dli.L029.q.003","source":"手紙の 外に どんなものを 出しますか。","translation":"Besides letters, what kinds of things do I mail?","reading":"てがみのほかにどんなものをだしますか。","words":[{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letters","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"外","gloss":"besides","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"things"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出し","gloss":"mail","reading":"だし"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.q.003.m4a"},{"number":208,"id":"ja.dli.L029.q.004","source":"ふうとうには 何を 入れますか。","translation":"What do you put in an envelope?","reading":"ふうとうにはなにをいれますか。","words":[{"text":"ふうとう","gloss":"envelope"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"入れ","gloss":"put","reading":"いれ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.q.004.m4a"},{"number":209,"id":"ja.dli.L029.q.005","source":"日本では ふうとうの おもてに 何を 書きますか。","translation":"In Japan, what do you write on the front of an envelope?","reading":"にほんではふうとうのおもてになにをかきますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ふうとう","gloss":"envelope"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"おもて","gloss":"front"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.q.005.m4a"},{"number":210,"id":"ja.dli.L029.q.006","source":"日本では 切手を どこに はりますか。","translation":"In Japan, where do you put the stamp?","reading":"にほんではきってをどこにはりますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"切手","gloss":"stamp","reading":"きって"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"はり","gloss":"affix"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.q.006.m4a"},{"number":211,"id":"ja.dli.L029.q.007","source":"アメリカでは 切手を どこに はりますか。","translation":"In America, where do you put the stamp?","reading":"アメリカではきってをどこにはりますか。","words":[{"text":"アメリカ","gloss":"America"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"切手","gloss":"stamp","reading":"きって"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"はり","gloss":"affix"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.q.007.m4a"},{"number":212,"id":"ja.dli.L029.q.008","source":"日本では 手紙を 出す人の 所と 名前は どこに 書きますか。","translation":"In Japan, where do you write the address and name of the person sending the letter?","reading":"にほんではてがみをだすひとのところとなまえはどこにかきますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letter","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出す","gloss":"mail","reading":"だす"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"所","gloss":"address","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"名前","gloss":"name","reading":"なまえ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.q.008.m4a"},{"number":213,"id":"ja.dli.L029.q.009","source":"べいこくでは 手紙を 出す人の 所と 名前は どこに 書く方が いいですか。","translation":"In the United States, where is it better to write the address and name of the person sending the letter?","reading":"べいこくではてがみをだすひとのところとなまえはどこにかくほうがいいですか。","words":[{"text":"べい","gloss":"United States"},{"text":"こく","gloss":"United States"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letter","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出す","gloss":"mail","reading":"だす"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"所","gloss":"address","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"名前","gloss":"name","reading":"なまえ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"書く","gloss":"write","reading":"かく"},{"text":"方","gloss":"way","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.q.009.m4a"},{"number":214,"id":"ja.dli.L029.q.010","source":"ふつうの 手紙には いくらの 切手が いりますか。","translation":"How much postage does an ordinary letter need?","reading":"ふつうのてがみにはいくらのきってがいりますか。","words":[{"text":"ふつう","gloss":"ordinary"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letter","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いくら","gloss":"how much"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"切手","gloss":"postage","reading":"きって"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いり","gloss":"need"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.q.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Mailing letters and buying stamps · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Mailing and what it requires","paragraphs":["The questions ask about special-delivery cost, mailboxes, post offices, and buying stamps.","*手紙を 書いて 出したい 時には 何が いりますか* asks what is needed to write and mail a letter. An answer names the needed items."]}],"lines":[{"number":215,"id":"ja.dli.L029.q.011","source":"そくたつは いくら かかりますか。","translation":"How much does special delivery cost?","reading":"そくたつはいくらかかりますか。","words":[{"text":"そ","gloss":"special delivery"},{"text":"く","gloss":"special delivery"},{"text":"た","gloss":"special delivery"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"special delivery"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いくら","gloss":"how much"},{"text":"かかり","gloss":"cost"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.q.011.m4a"},{"number":216,"id":"ja.dli.L029.q.012","source":"手紙を 出したい 時には、 ゆうびんきょくへ もって 行きますか。","translation":"When you want to mail a letter, do you take it to the post office?","reading":"てがみをだしたいときには、ゆうびんきょくへもっていきますか。","words":[{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letter","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出し","gloss":"mail","reading":"だし"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ゆうびん","gloss":"post office"},{"text":"きょく","gloss":"post office"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"もっ","gloss":"take"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.q.012.m4a"},{"number":217,"id":"ja.dli.L029.q.013","source":"切手が ない人は、 切手を どこで 買いますか。","translation":"Where does a person who has no stamps buy them?","reading":"きってがないひとは、きってをどこでかいますか。","words":[{"text":"切手","gloss":"stamps","reading":"きって"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"without"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"切手","gloss":"stamps","reading":"きって"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.q.013.m4a"},{"number":218,"id":"ja.dli.L029.q.014","source":"手紙を 出したい 時には、 ポストに 入れても いいですか。","translation":"When you want to mail a letter, is it all right to put it in a mailbox?","reading":"てがみをだしたいときには、ポストにいれてもいいですか。","words":[{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letter","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出し","gloss":"mail","reading":"だし"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ポスト","gloss":"mailbox"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"入れ","gloss":"put","reading":"いれ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.q.014.m4a"},{"number":219,"id":"ja.dli.L029.q.015","source":"べいこくでは、 ふうとうの おもてに 何を 書きますか。","translation":"In the United States, what do you write on the front of an envelope?","reading":"べいこくでは、ふうとうのおもてになにをかきますか。","words":[{"text":"べい","gloss":"United States"},{"text":"こく","gloss":"United States"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ふうとう","gloss":"envelope"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"おもて","gloss":"front"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.q.015.m4a"},{"number":220,"id":"ja.dli.L029.q.016","source":"私は 何を するのが 好きですか。","translation":"What do I like to do?","reading":"わたくしはなにをするのがすきですか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.q.016.m4a"},{"number":221,"id":"ja.dli.L029.q.017","source":"ふうとうに 入れて 出すものは 何ですか。","translation":"What is something that you put in an envelope and mail?","reading":"ふうとうにいれてだすものはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"ふうとう","gloss":"envelope"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"入れ","gloss":"put","reading":"いれ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"出す","gloss":"mail","reading":"だす"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"something"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.q.017.m4a"},{"number":222,"id":"ja.dli.L029.q.018","source":"むこうの人の 所と 名前は 何と 言いますか。","translation":"What do you call the other person's location and name?","reading":"むこうのひとのところとなまえはなんといいますか。","words":[{"text":"むこう","gloss":"other side"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"所","gloss":"address","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"名前","gloss":"name","reading":"なまえ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"call","reading":"いい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.q.018.m4a"},{"number":223,"id":"ja.dli.L029.q.019","source":"日本では 切手を はる 所は どこですか。","translation":"In Japan, where do you put the stamp?","reading":"にほんではきってをはるところはどこですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"切手","gloss":"stamp","reading":"きって"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はる","gloss":"affix"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.q.019.m4a"},{"number":224,"id":"ja.dli.L029.q.020","source":"手紙を 書いて 出したい 時には 何が いりますか。","translation":"What do you need when you want to write and mail a letter?","reading":"てがみをかいてだしたいときにはなにがいりますか。","words":[{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letter","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"出し","gloss":"mail","reading":"だし"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いり","gloss":"need"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.q.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"はる","gloss":"to affix, paste (v.t.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Letters, stamps and postal services · Word list 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Letters and postal services","paragraphs":["The words cover objects and information used for mail. *手紙* means \"letter,\" *びんせん* means \"letter paper,\" and *あて名* means \"addressee's name and address.\"","The service words distinguish *ふつうゆうびん*, \"ordinary mail,\" from *こうくう ゆうびん*, \"airmail.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":225,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.001","source":"手紙","translation":"letter (correspondence)","reading":"てがみ","words":[{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letter","reading":"てがみ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.001.m4a"},{"number":226,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.002","source":"びんせん","translation":"letter paper","reading":"びんせん","words":[{"text":"びんせん","gloss":"letter paper"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.002.m4a"},{"number":227,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.003","source":"ふうとう","translation":"envelope","reading":"ふうとう","words":[{"text":"ふうとう","gloss":"envelope"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.003.m4a"},{"number":228,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.004","source":"切手","translation":"postage stamp","reading":"きって","words":[{"text":"切手","gloss":"postage stamp","reading":"きって"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.004.m4a"},{"number":229,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.005","source":"所","translation":"address, place","reading":"ところ","words":[{"text":"所","gloss":"address","reading":"ところ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.005.m4a"},{"number":230,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.006","source":"あて名","translation":"addressee's name and address","reading":"あてな","words":[{"text":"あて名","gloss":"name and address","reading":"あてな"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.006.m4a"},{"number":231,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.007","source":"そくたつ","translation":"express mail (special delivery)","reading":"そくたつ","words":[{"text":"そくたつ","gloss":"express mail"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.007.m4a"},{"number":232,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.008","source":"ゆうびん","translation":"postal service","reading":"ゆうびん","words":[{"text":"ゆうびん","gloss":"postal service"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.008.m4a"},{"number":233,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.009","source":"ふつうゆうびん","translation":"ordinary mail, regular mail","reading":"ふつうゆうびん","words":[{"text":"ふつうゆうびん","gloss":"regular mail"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.009.m4a"},{"number":234,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.010","source":"こうくう ゆうびん","translation":"airmail","reading":"こうくうゆうびん","words":[{"text":"こうくうゆうびん","gloss":"airmail"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.010.m4a"},{"number":235,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.011","source":"こくない","translation":"domestic","reading":"こくない","words":[{"text":"こくない","gloss":"domestic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.011.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"そくたつ","gloss":"express mail (special delivery)"},{"word":"ふつうゆうびん","gloss":"ordinary mail, regular mail"},{"word":"こうくうゆうびん","gloss":"airmail"},{"word":"こくない","gloss":"domestic"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Postcards, mailboxes and locations · Word list 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Mail objects and locations","paragraphs":["The words cover mailing locations and parts of an envelope. *ポスト* means \"mailbox,\" *ゆうびんきょく* means \"post office,\" and *すみ* means \"inside corner.\"","The set also includes postcards, picture postcards, and *いる*, \"to need.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":236,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.012","source":"ポスト","translation":"mailbox","reading":"ポスト","words":[{"text":"ポスト","gloss":"mailbox"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.012.m4a"},{"number":237,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.013","source":"ゆうびんきょく","translation":"post office","reading":"ゆうびんきょく","words":[{"text":"ゆうびんきょく","gloss":"post office"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.013.m4a"},{"number":238,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.014","source":"おもて","translation":"front","reading":"おもて","words":[{"text":"おもて","gloss":"front"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.014.m4a"},{"number":239,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.015","source":"うら","translation":"back, reverse side","reading":"うら","words":[{"text":"うら","gloss":"back"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.015.m4a"},{"number":240,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.016","source":"すみ","translation":"inside corner","reading":"すみ","words":[{"text":"すみ","gloss":"inside corner"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.016.m4a"},{"number":241,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.017","source":"グラム","translation":"gram","reading":"グラム","words":[{"text":"グラム","gloss":"gram"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.017.m4a"},{"number":242,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.018","source":"は書","translation":"postcard","reading":"はがき","words":[{"text":"は書","gloss":"postcard","reading":"はがき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.018.m4a"},{"number":243,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.019","source":"えは書","translation":"picture postcard","reading":"えはがき","words":[{"text":"えは書","gloss":"picture postcard","reading":"えはがき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.019.m4a"},{"number":244,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.020","source":"自分","translation":"self","reading":"じぶん","words":[{"text":"自分","gloss":"self","reading":"じぶん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.020.m4a"},{"number":245,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.021","source":"自分の","translation":"self ---, your own","reading":"じぶんの","words":[{"text":"自分の","gloss":"one's own","reading":"じぶんの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.021.m4a"},{"number":246,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.022","source":"いる","translation":"to need (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"いる","words":[{"text":"いる","gloss":"need"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ゆうびんきょく","gloss":"post office"},{"word":"は書","gloss":"postcard"},{"word":"えは書","gloss":"picture postcard"},{"word":"自分の","gloss":"self ---, your own"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Mailing actions and obligations · Word list 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Mailing actions and choices","paragraphs":["The action words include *入れる*, \"to put in,\" *はる*, \"to affix,\" and *出す*, \"to mail.\"","The remaining entries contrast prohibition, obligation, permission, exemption, and advice. *--ては いけません* means \"you should not,\" while *--ても いいです* means \"you may.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":247,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.023","source":"入れる","translation":"to put in, to insert (v.t.)","reading":"いれる","words":[{"text":"入れる","gloss":"put in","reading":"いれる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.023.m4a"},{"number":248,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.024","source":"はる","translation":"to affix, paste (v.t.)","reading":"はる","words":[{"text":"はる","gloss":"affix"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.024.m4a"},{"number":249,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.025","source":"出す","translation":"to mail, send, take out","reading":"だす","words":[{"text":"出す","gloss":"send","reading":"だす"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.025.m4a"},{"number":250,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.026","source":"一つう","translation":"one mail","reading":"いっつう","words":[{"text":"一つう","gloss":"one piece of mail","reading":"いっつう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.026.m4a"},{"number":251,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.027","source":"たびたび","translation":"often, frequently","reading":"たびたび","words":[{"text":"たびたび","gloss":"often"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.027.m4a"},{"number":252,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.028","source":"--ては いけません","translation":"you should not --- (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--てはいけません","words":[{"text":"--てはいけません","gloss":"must not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.028.m4a"},{"number":253,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.029","source":"--なくては いけません","translation":"you have to --- (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--なくてはいけません","words":[{"text":"--なくてはいけません","gloss":"have to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.029.m4a"},{"number":254,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.030","source":"--ても いいです","translation":"you may --- (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--てもいいです","words":[{"text":"--てもいいです","gloss":"may"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.030.m4a"},{"number":255,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.031","source":"--なくても いいです","translation":"you don't have to -- (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--なくてもいいです","words":[{"text":"--なくてもいいです","gloss":"do not have to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.031.m4a"},{"number":256,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.032","source":"--方が いいです","translation":"It is better to --- (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--ほうがいいです","words":[{"text":"--方がいいです","gloss":"better to","reading":"--ほうがいいです"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.032.m4a"},{"number":257,"id":"ja.dli.L029.w.033","source":"いけません","translation":"--is no good; -- won't do","reading":"いけません","words":[{"text":"いけません","gloss":"no good"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L029.w.033.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"入れる","gloss":"to put in, to insert (v.t.)"},{"word":"一つう","gloss":"one mail"},{"word":"--てはいけません","gloss":"you should not --- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"--なくてはいけません","gloss":"you have to --- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"--てもいいです","gloss":"you may --- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"--なくてもいいです","gloss":"you don't have to -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"--方がいいです","gloss":"It is better to --- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"いけません","gloss":"it is no good, it is bad"}],"paradigms":[]}]}