{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L003","title":"Lesson 3","stage":"Sounds, kana, and the first conversations","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 3: morning greetings and well-being · dialogue 1 of 3, bridges, choosing between salmon and rice wine · dialogue 3 of 3, pitch for fire, pitch for wine, pitch for soil, distinguishing sun, distinguishing bridges, saying something is also true · perception drill 6, also with people and objects · perception drill 7, contrasting soil, contrasting wine, asking between two alternatives · perception drill 10, choosing by pitch · perception drill 11, alternatives with also · perception drill 12, ranks, asking after someone's health · perception drill 14, thanks and polite replies · perception drill 15, praise, hearing pitch differences · pronunciation drill 1, salmon, chopsticks, earth and mallets · pronunciation drill 4, fire, greetings.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/3","lines":223},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/2","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/4","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Morning greetings and well-being · Dialogue 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A morning greeting","paragraphs":["Two people exchange *Ohayoo gozaimasu*, meaning \"Good morning.\" One asks *Ogenki desu ka*, meaning \"Are you well?\"","The answer is *Hai, okagesama de genki desu*, meaning \"Yes, I am fine, thank you.\""]},{"title":"A bridge with a higher second syllable","paragraphs":["In *Kore wa hashí desu ka*, *hashí* has a higher second syllable and means \"bridge.\" The line asks \"Is this a bridge?\"","*Ogenki* is the polite word for another person's well-being. *Genki* in the answer refers to the speaker.","In *Hai, okagesama de genki desu*, *okagesama de* expresses appreciation for the concern."]},{"title":"Hiragana: は to ぽ","paragraphs":["Each kana is one syllable. Read the kana, then its sound in romaji."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L003.dlg.001","source":"Ohayoo gozaimasu.","translation":"Good morning.","reading":"おはよおございます","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L003.dlg.002","source":"Ohayoo gozaimasu.","translation":"Good morning.","reading":"おはよおございます","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L003.dlg.003","source":"Ogenki desu ka?","translation":"Are you well (fine)?","reading":"おげんきですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L003.dlg.004","source":"Hai, okagesama de genki desu.","translation":"Yes, I am fine, thank you.","reading":"はいおかげさまでげんきです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L003.dlg.005","source":"Kore wa hashí desu ka?","translation":"Is this a bridge?","reading":"これわはしですか","words":null,"audio":null}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"Pitch\n\nThe rhythm of Japanese, unlike that of English, is regular and even. Each syllable is given moderate, approximately equal stress and has approximately equal length. However, some syllables seem more prominent than others. This prominence--or accent--is primarily a matter of pitch in Japanese. To describe Japanese words, we need to distinguish only a higher and a lower tone (pitch), but no difference in stress (loudness). Hashi with higher pitch on the first syllable means 'chopsticks' and with a higher pitch on the second syllable, 'bridge.'\n\nThe word and phrase pitch patterns of standard or Tokyo Japanese are shown in the following table.\n\nIn the Tokyo pitch accent patterns, a high pitch accent occurs on one syllable or on a series of two or more syllables in each word or phrase and once the pitch drops from high to low, it never rises to a high pitch in the same word or phrase again.\n\nPitches on the first and second syllables of any word or phrase are always different. If a high pitch occurs on the first syllable, a low pitch occurs on the second syllable, and if a low pitch occurs on the first syllable, a high pitch occurs on the second syllable in any word or phrase.\n\nHowever, there is one special pitch accent pattern. Although a high pitch is expected to occur on the second syllable in all patterns except in pattern 1, if that syllable is a silent syllable (like the first consonant k, s, t, or p of double consonants) or if it contains a voiceless vowel like i or u between voiceless consonants, a low pitch occurs on both the first and the second syllables as in the following examples:\n\na shi ta\n\nni p po n\n\nExamples of Pitch Patterns:\n\nko re wa ná n de su ka? this what is\n\nhó n de su book is\n\nDó na ta no hó n de su ka? Whose book is\n\nA na ta no de su. yours is\n\nhó n wa do ko ni a ri má su ka? book where at (there) is\n\ntsu ku e no u e ni a ri má su. desk's top (there) is"},{"section":2,"text":"Particle MO\n\nThe particle MO is used to single out an additional item that is similar to something already stated, and it puts over the idea 'also,' 'too.' Note that the particle MO is used in place of the particle WA.\n\nKORE WA HON DESU.\n\nKORE MO HON DESU.\n\nANATA WA SEITO DESU.\n\nANO-KATA MO SEITO DESU."},{"section":3,"text":"Alternate questions\n\nAlternate questions are common in Japanese. The particle KA is used after each of two clauses to show that the state, the action, or the identity is restricted to one or the other of the two, and the meaning of 'or' is implied in the first KA. The answer to the alternate questions is one or the other. For example:\n\nKORE WA HON DESU KA, ENPITSU DESU KA?\n\nSORE WA HON DESU."},{"section":4,"text":"OGENKI is the honorific equivalent of genki. Only the latter may be used in reference to oneself. In referring to others, genki is familiar and ogenki is polite. Ogenki desu ka? is used as the equivalent of \"How are you?\", \"How is she?\", \"How is he?\", or \"How are they?\" depending upon the context."},{"section":5,"text":"OKAGESAMA DE indicates the speaker's appreciation for interest in his personal affairs (thanks for asking) and/or appreciation for assistance (thanks to you). It always accompanies, or itself implies, favorable or pleasant information."}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Bridges, chopsticks and pencils · Dialogue 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"From a bridge to chopsticks","paragraphs":["One speaker rejects *hashí*, meaning \"bridge,\" and asks what the object is. The answer is *Sore wa háshi desu*, meaning \"These are chopsticks.\"","A final object is not *háshi*. It is *enpitsu*, meaning \"pencil.\""]},{"title":"Another object of the same kind","paragraphs":["*Kore mo háshi desu ka* asks \"Are these chopsticks, too?\" The particle *mo* marks this object as an additional possible pair of chopsticks."]}],"lines":[{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L003.dlg.006","source":"Iie, sore wa hashí dewa arimasen.","translation":"No, that's not a bridge.","reading":"いいえそれわはしでわありません","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L003.dlg.007","source":"Dewa kore wa nan desu ka?","translation":"Then, what are these?","reading":"でわこれわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L003.dlg.008","source":"Sore wa háshi desu.","translation":"These are chopsticks.","reading":"それわはしです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L003.dlg.009","source":"Kore mo háshi desu ka?","translation":"Are these chopsticks, too?","reading":"これもはしですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L003.dlg.010","source":"Iie, sore wa háshi dewa arimasen. Sore wa enpitsu desu.","translation":"No, those are not chopsticks. That's a pencil.","reading":"いいえそれわはしでわありませんそれわえんぴつです","words":null,"audio":null}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Choosing between salmon and rice wine · Dialogue 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A choice followed by praise","paragraphs":["*Kore wa sáke desu ka, sake desu ka* asks whether an object is salmon or Japanese rice-wine. *Sore wa sáke desu* selects salmon.","Praise follows the answer. *Doomo arigatoo gozaimasu* means \"Thank you very much,\" and *Doo itashimashite* means \"Not at all.\""]},{"title":"Two choices in one question","paragraphs":["In *Kore wa sáke desu ka, sake desu ka*, each choice ends in *ka*. The higher first syllable distinguishes *sáke* in this exchange."]}],"lines":[{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L003.dlg.011","source":"Kore wa sáke desu ka, sake desu ka?","translation":"Is this a salmon or is it Japanese rice-wine?","reading":"これわさけですかさけですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L003.dlg.012","source":"Sore wa sáke desu.","translation":"That's a salmon.","reading":"それわさけです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L003.dlg.013","source":"Hai, yoku dekimashita.","translation":"Yes, you did well.","reading":"はいよくできました","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L003.dlg.014","source":"Doomo arigatoo gozaimasu.","translation":"Thank you very much.","reading":"どおもありがとおございます","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L003.dlg.015","source":"Doo itashimashite.","translation":"Not at all.","reading":"どおいたしまして","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.dlg.015.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Pitch for fire, sun and salmon · Perception Drill 1","teaching":[{"title":"The height of a syllable","paragraphs":["*hí* means \"fire,\" while *hi* means \"sun.\" Pitch is the high or low tone of a syllable.","Japanese syllables have about equal length and stress. A higher pitch makes one syllable more prominent."]},{"title":"Pitch changes meaning","paragraphs":["*sáke* means \"salmon,\" while *saké* means \"Japanese SAKE wine.\" The high pitch falls on a different syllable.","In most words, the first two syllables differ in pitch. After pitch drops from high to low, it does not rise again."]}],"lines":[{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.001","source":"hí","translation":"fire","reading":"ひ","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.002","source":"hí desu ka?","translation":"Is it fire?","reading":"ひですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.003","source":"hai, hí desu","translation":"Yes, it is fire.","reading":"はいひです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.004","source":"hi","translation":"sun","reading":"ひ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.004.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.005","source":"hi desu ka?","translation":"Is it the sun?","reading":"ひですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.005.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.006","source":"hai, hi desu","translation":"Yes, it is the sun.","reading":"はいひです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.006.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.007","source":"sáke","translation":"salmon","reading":"さけ","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.008","source":"sáke desu ka?","translation":"Is it salmon?","reading":"さけですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.009","source":"hai, sáke desu","translation":"Yes, it is salmon.","reading":"はいさけです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.010","source":"saké","translation":"Japanese SAKE wine","reading":"さけ","words":null,"audio":null}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Pitch for wine, chopsticks and bridges · Perception Drill 2","teaching":[{"title":"Chopsticks and a bridge","paragraphs":["*háshi* means \"chopsticks,\" while *hashí* means \"bridge.\" The high pitch falls on the first or second syllable.","*háshi desu ka* asks \"Are they chopsticks?\" *hashí desu ka* asks \"Is it a bridge?\"","*saké* means \"Japanese SAKE wine,\" and *tsúchi* means \"hammer.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.011","source":"saké desu ka?","translation":"Is it sake?","reading":"さけですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.012","source":"hai, saké desu","translation":"Yes, it is sake.","reading":"はいさけです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.013","source":"háshi","translation":"chopsticks","reading":"はし","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.014","source":"háshi desu ka?","translation":"Are they chopsticks?","reading":"はしですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.015","source":"hai, háshi desu","translation":"Yes, they are chopsticks.","reading":"はいはしです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.016","source":"hashí","translation":"bridge","reading":"はし","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.017","source":"hashí desu ka?","translation":"Is it a bridge?","reading":"はしですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.018","source":"hai, hashí desu","translation":"Yes, it is a bridge.","reading":"はいはしです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.019","source":"tsúchi","translation":"hammer","reading":"つち","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.020","source":"tsúchi desu ka?","translation":"Is it a mallet?","reading":"つちですか","words":null,"audio":null}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Pitch for soil, rain and candy · Perception Drill 3","teaching":[{"title":"Soil, rain, and candy","paragraphs":["*áme* means \"rain,\" while *amé* means \"candy.\" The high pitch falls on the first or second syllable.","*tsuchí desu ka* asks \"Is it soil?\" The second syllable of *tsuchí* has the high pitch."]}],"lines":[{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.021","source":"hai, tsúchi desu","translation":"Yes, it is a mallet.","reading":"はいつちです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.022","source":"tsuchí","translation":"Soil.","reading":"つち","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.023","source":"tsuchí desu ka?","translation":"Is it soil?","reading":"つちですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.024","source":"hai, tsuchí desu","translation":"Yes, it is soil.","reading":"はいつちです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.025","source":"áme","translation":"rain","reading":"あめ","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.026","source":"áme desu ka?","translation":"Is it rain?","reading":"あめですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.027","source":"hai, áme desu","translation":"Yes, it is rain.","reading":"はいあめです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.028","source":"amé","translation":"candy","reading":"あめ","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.029","source":"amé desu ka?","translation":"Is it candy?","reading":"あめですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.030","source":"hai, amé desu","translation":"Yes, it is candy.","reading":"はいあめです","words":null,"audio":null}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Distinguishing sun, fire, wine and salmon · Perception Drill 4","teaching":[{"title":"Sun and fire in full answers","paragraphs":["*Sore wa hi desu* identifies the sun. After that answer is rejected, *Sore wa hí desu* identifies fire.","Pitch distinguishes *hi* from *hí* inside the same sentence pattern."]},{"title":"Rice wine and salmon","paragraphs":["*Kore wa sake desu ka* asks about rice wine. *Are wa sáke desu ka* asks about salmon.","The words differ through pitch, while the questions identify objects in the same way."]}],"lines":[{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.031","source":"Kore wa nan desu ka?","translation":"What is this?","reading":"これわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.031.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.032","source":"Sore wa hi desu.","translation":"That is the sun.","reading":"それわひです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.032.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.033","source":"Kore wa hi desu ka?","translation":"Is this the sun?","reading":"これわひですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.033.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.034","source":"Iie, sore wa hi dewa arimasen.","translation":"No, that is not the sun.","reading":"いいえそれわひでわありません","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.034.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.035","source":"Dewa kore wa nan desu ka?","translation":"Then what is this?","reading":"でわこれわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.035.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.036","source":"Sore wa hí desu.","translation":"That is fire.","reading":"それわひです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.037","source":"Kore wa sake desu ka?","translation":"Is this sake?","reading":"これわさけですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.037.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.038","source":"Hai, sore wa sake desu.","translation":"Yes, that is sake.","reading":"はいそれわさけです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.038.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.039","source":"Are wa sáke desu ka?","translation":"Is that salmon?","reading":"あれわさけですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.040","source":"Hai, are wa sáke desu.","translation":"Yes, that is salmon.","reading":"はいあれわさけです","words":null,"audio":null}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Distinguishing bridges, chopsticks, soil and mallets · Perception Drill 5","teaching":[{"title":"A denial followed by a correction","paragraphs":["*Sore wa hashí desu* identifies a bridge. *Sore wa háshi desu* identifies chopsticks after a question and denial.","The final exchange denies *tsuchí*, meaning \"soil,\" and answers with *tsúchi*, meaning \"mallet.\" Pitch distinguishes each pair."]}],"lines":[{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.041","source":"Kore wa nan desu ka?","translation":"What is this?","reading":"これわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.041.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.042","source":"Sore wa hashí desu.","translation":"That is a bridge.","reading":"それわはしです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.043","source":"Kore wa háshi desu ka?","translation":"Are these chopsticks?","reading":"これわはしですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.044","source":"Iie, sore wa hashí dewa arimasen.","translation":"No, those are not chopsticks.","reading":"いいえそれわはしでわありません","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.045","source":"Dewa, kore wa nan desu ka?","translation":"Then what is this?","reading":"でわこれわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.045.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.046","source":"Sore wa háshi desu.","translation":"Those are chopsticks.","reading":"それわはしです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.047","source":"Kore wa tsuchí desu ka?","translation":"Is this soil?","reading":"これわつちですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.048","source":"Hai, sore wa tsuchí desu.","translation":"Yes, that is soil.","reading":"はいそれわつちです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.049","source":"Kore wa tsuchí desu ka?","translation":"Is this soil?","reading":"これわつちですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.050","source":"Iie, sore wa tsuchí dewa arimasen. Sore wa tsúchi desu.","translation":"No, that is not soil; it is a mallet.","reading":"いいえそれわつちでわありませんそれわつちです","words":null,"audio":null}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying something is also true · Perception Drill 6","teaching":[{"title":"A second object of the same kind","paragraphs":["*Kore wa hon desu* means \"This is a book.\" *Are mo hon desu* means \"That is also a book.\"","The particle *mo* adds an item like one stated earlier. It means \"also\" or \"too\" and takes the place of *wa*."]},{"title":"Also with a person","paragraphs":["*Watakushi wa sensei desu* means \"I am a teacher.\" *Ano-kata mo sensei desu* adds that the other person is also a teacher."]}],"lines":[{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.051","source":"Kore wa nan desu ka?","translation":"What is this?","reading":"これわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.051.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.052","source":"Sore wa ame desu.","translation":"That is candy.","reading":"それわあめです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.052.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.053","source":"Dewa, kore wa nan desu ka?","translation":"Then what is this?","reading":"でわこれわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.053.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.054","source":"Sore wa áme desu.","translation":"That is rain.","reading":"それわあめです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.055","source":"Kore wa hon desu.","translation":"This is a book.","reading":"これわほんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.055.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.056","source":"Are mo hon desu.","translation":"That is also a book.","reading":"あれもほんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.056.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.057","source":"Kore wa enpitsu desu.","translation":"This is a pencil.","reading":"これわえんぴつです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.057.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.058","source":"Sore mo enpitsu desu.","translation":"That is also a pencil.","reading":"それもえんぴつです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.058.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.059","source":"Watakushi wa sensei desu.","translation":"I am a teacher.","reading":"わたくしわせんせいです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.059.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.060","source":"Ano-kata mo sensei desu.","translation":"That person is also a teacher.","reading":"あのかたもせんせいです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.060.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Also with people and objects · Perception Drill 7","teaching":[{"title":"Another student or soldier","paragraphs":["*Sono-kata mo seito desu* means \"That person is also a student.\" The particle *mo* adds another person with the same identity.","*xx-san mo gunjin desu* says that Mr. XX is also a soldier."]},{"title":"Another possible bridge","paragraphs":["*Kore mo hashí desu ka* asks \"Is this also a bridge?\" The answer rejects that identity and names *háshi*, meaning \"chopsticks.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.061","source":"Anata wa seito desu.","translation":"You are a student.","reading":"あなたわせいとです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.061.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.062","source":"Sono-kata mo seito desu.","translation":"That person is also a student.","reading":"そのかたもせいとです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.062.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.063","source":"Anata wa gunjin desu.","translation":"You are a soldier.","reading":"あなたわぐんじんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.063.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.064","source":"xx-san mo gunjin desu.","translation":"Mr. XX is also a soldier.","reading":"さんもぐんじんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.064.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.065","source":"Kore wa hashí desu ka?","translation":"Is this a bridge?","reading":"これわはしですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.066","source":"Hai, sore wa hashí desu.","translation":"Yes, that is a bridge.","reading":"はいそれわはしです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.067","source":"Kore mo hashí desu ka?","translation":"Is this also a bridge?","reading":"これもはしですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.068","source":"Iie, sore wa hashí dewa arimasen.","translation":"No, that is not a bridge.","reading":"いいえそれわはしでわありません","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.069","source":"Dewa, kore wa nan desu ka?","translation":"Then what is this?","reading":"でわこれわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.069.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.070","source":"Sore wa háshi desu.","translation":"That is a pair of chopsticks.","reading":"それわはしです","words":null,"audio":null}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Contrasting soil, mallets, candy and rain · Perception Drill 8","teaching":[{"title":"Also before a correction","paragraphs":["*Kore mo tsúchi desu ka* asks whether another item is also a mallet. The answer contrasts *tsuchí*, meaning \"soil,\" with *tsúchi*, meaning \"mallet.\"","*Kore mo ame desu ka* asks whether another item is also candy. The exchange rejects candy and identifies *áme*, meaning \"rain.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.071","source":"Kore wa nan desu ka?","translation":"What is this?","reading":"これわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.071.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.072","source":"Sore wa tsuchí desu.","translation":"That is soil.","reading":"それわつちです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.073","source":"Kore mo tsúchi desu ka?","translation":"Is this also a mallet?","reading":"これもつちですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.074","source":"Iie, sore wa tsuchí dewa arimasen. Sore wa tsúchi desu.","translation":"No, that is not soil. That is a mallet.","reading":"いいえそれわつちでわありませんそれわつちです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.075","source":"Kore wa nan desu ka?","translation":"What is this?","reading":"これわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.075.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.076","source":"Sore wa ame desu.","translation":"That is candy.","reading":"それわあめです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.076.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.077","source":"Kore mo ame desu ka?","translation":"Is this also candy?","reading":"これもあめですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.077.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.078","source":"Iie, sore wa ame dewa arimasen.","translation":"No, that is not candy.","reading":"いいえそれわあめでわありません","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.078.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.079","source":"Dewa, kore wa nan desu ka?","translation":"Then what is this?","reading":"でわこれわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.079.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.080","source":"Sore wa áme desu.","translation":"That is rain.","reading":"それわあめです","words":null,"audio":null}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Contrasting wine, salmon, fire and sun · Perception Drill 9","teaching":[{"title":"Rice wine or salmon","paragraphs":["*Kore mo sake desu ka* asks whether another item is also rice wine. The answer rejects *sake* and identifies *sáke*, meaning \"salmon.\"","The particle *mo* marks the additional item. Pitch distinguishes the two answers."]},{"title":"A second pitch contrast","paragraphs":["*Kore mo hi desu ka* asks whether another item has the same identity. The answer rejects *hi* and identifies it as *hí*."]}],"lines":[{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.081","source":"Kore wa sake desu ka?","translation":"Is this sake?","reading":"これわさけですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.081.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.082","source":"Hai, sore wa sake desu.","translation":"Yes, that is sake.","reading":"はいそれわさけです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.082.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.083","source":"Kore mo sake desu ka?","translation":"Is this also sake?","reading":"これもさけですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.083.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.084","source":"Iie, sore wa sake dewa arimasen. Sore wa sáke desu.","translation":"No, that is not sake. That is salmon.","reading":"いいえそれわさけでわありませんそれわさけです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.085","source":"Kore wa hi desu ka?","translation":"Is this fire?","reading":"これわひですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.085.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.086","source":"Hai, sore wa hi desu.","translation":"Yes, that is fire.","reading":"はいそれわひです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.086.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.087","source":"Kore mo hi desu ka?","translation":"Is this also fire?","reading":"これもひですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.087.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.088","source":"Iie, sore wa hi dewa arimasen.","translation":"No, that is not fire.","reading":"いいえそれわひでわありません","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.088.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.089","source":"Dewa, kore wa nan desu ka?","translation":"Then what is this?","reading":"でわこれわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.089.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.090","source":"Sore wa hí desu.","translation":"That is the sun.","reading":"それわひです","words":null,"audio":null}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking between two alternatives · Perception Drill 10","teaching":[{"title":"Two alternatives marked with ka","paragraphs":["*Kore wa hon desu ka, kami desu ka* asks \"Is this a book or paper?\" Each alternative ends in *ka*.","In an alternate question, *ka* follows each of two choices. The first *ka* also carries the meaning \"or.\""]},{"title":"One choice answers the question","paragraphs":["*Anata wa sensei desu ka, seito desu ka* asks \"Are you a teacher or a student?\" The answer states one of the two identities."]}],"lines":[{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.091","source":"Hon desu ka, kami desu ka?","translation":"Is it a book or paper?","reading":"ほんですかかみですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.091.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.092","source":"Kore wa hon desu ka, kami desu ka?","translation":"Is this a book or paper?","reading":"これわほんですかかみですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.092.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.093","source":"Sensei desu ka, seito desu ka?","translation":"Is it a teacher or a student?","reading":"せんせいですかせいとですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.093.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.094","source":"Anata wa sensei desu ka, seito desu ka?","translation":"Are you a teacher or a student?","reading":"あなたわせんせいですかせいとですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.094.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.095","source":"Háshi desu ka, hashí desu ka?","translation":"Is it a pair of chopsticks or a bridge?","reading":"はしですかはしですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.096","source":"Kore wa háshi desu ka, hashí desu ka?","translation":"Is this a pair of chopsticks or a bridge?","reading":"これわはしですかはしですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.097","source":"Hí desu ka, hi desu ka?","translation":"Is it the sun or fire?","reading":"ひですかひですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.098","source":"Kore wa hí desu ka, hi desu ka?","translation":"Is this the sun or fire?","reading":"これわひですかひですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.099","source":"Sáke desu ka, sake desu ka?","translation":"Is it salmon or sake?","reading":"さけですかさけですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.100","source":"Kore wa sáke desu ka, sake desu ka?","translation":"Is this salmon or sake?","reading":"これわさけですかさけですか","words":null,"audio":null}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Choosing by pitch · Perception Drill 11","teaching":[{"title":"Alternatives distinguished by pitch","paragraphs":["*Áme desu ka, ame desu ka* asks about rain or candy. The two choices have different pitch and each ends in *ka*.","*Tsúchi desu ka, tsuchí desu ka* asks about a mallet or soil."]},{"title":"Another item after one choice","paragraphs":["After *Sore wa hi desu* selects one choice, *Kore mo hi desu ka* asks whether another item has the same identity.","The answer rejects that choice and uses the contrasting pitch in *hí*."]}],"lines":[{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.101","source":"Áme desu ka, ame desu ka?","translation":"Is it rain or candy?","reading":"あめですかあめですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.102","source":"Kore wa áme desu ka, ame desu ka?","translation":"Is this rain or candy?","reading":"これわあめですかあめですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.103","source":"Tsúchi desu ka, tsuchí desu ka?","translation":"Is it a mallet or soil?","reading":"つちですかつちですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.104","source":"Kore wa tsúchi desu ka, tsuchí desu ka?","translation":"Is this a mallet or soil?","reading":"これわつちですかつちですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.105","source":"Kore wa hí desu ka, hi desu ka?","translation":"Is this the sun or fire?","reading":"これわひですかひですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.106","source":"Sore wa hi desu.","translation":"That is fire.","reading":"それわひです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.106.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.107","source":"Kore mo hi desu ka?","translation":"Is this also fire?","reading":"これもひですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.107.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.108","source":"Iie, sore wa hi dewa arimasen. Sore wa hí desu.","translation":"No, that is not fire. That is the sun.","reading":"いいえそれわひでわありませんそれわひです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.109","source":"Kore wa háshi desu ka, hashí desu ka?","translation":"Is this a pair of chopsticks or a bridge?","reading":"これわはしですかはしですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.110","source":"Sore wa hashí desu.","translation":"That is a bridge.","reading":"それわはしです","words":null,"audio":null}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Alternatives with also · Perception Drill 12","teaching":[{"title":"Salmon first, then another item","paragraphs":["*Kore wa sáke desu ka, sake desu ka* asks whether an object is salmon or rice wine. *Sore wa sáke desu* selects salmon.","*Kore mo sáke desu ka* asks whether another object is also salmon. The answer rejects salmon and identifies rice wine."]},{"title":"The same pattern with people","paragraphs":["*Anata wa sensei desu ka, seito desu ka* asks whether someone is a teacher or student. The answer selects student.","*Ano-kata mo seito desu ka* then asks whether another person is also a student."]}],"lines":[{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.111","source":"Kore mo hashí desu ka?","translation":"Is this also a bridge?","reading":"これもはしですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.112","source":"Iie sore wa hashí dewa arimasen. Sore wa háshi desu","translation":"No, that is not a bridge. That is a pair of chopsticks.","reading":"いいえそれわはしでわありませんそれわはしです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.113","source":"Kore wa sáke desu ka, sake desu ka?","translation":"Is this salmon or sake?","reading":"これわさけですかさけですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.114","source":"Sore wa sáke desu.","translation":"That is salmon.","reading":"それわさけです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.115","source":"Kore mo sáke desu ka?","translation":"Is this also salmon?","reading":"これもさけですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.116","source":"Iie, sore wa sáke dewa arimasen. Sore wa sake desu.","translation":"No, that is not salmon. That is sake.","reading":"いいえそれわさけでわありませんそれわさけです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.117","source":"Anata wa sensei desu ka, seito desu ka?","translation":"Are you a teacher or a student?","reading":"あなたわせんせいですかせいとですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.117.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.118","source":"Watakushi wa seito desu.","translation":"I am a student.","reading":"わたくしわせいとです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.118.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.119","source":"Ano-kata mo seito desu ka?","translation":"Is that person also a student?","reading":"あのかたもせいとですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.119.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.120","source":"Hai, ano-kata mo seito desu.","translation":"Yes, that person is also a student.","reading":"はいあのかたもせいとです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.120.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Ranks, alternatives and morning greetings · Perception Drill 13","teaching":[{"title":"Ranks as alternatives","paragraphs":["*Anata wa shookoo desu ka, kashikan desu ka* asks whether someone is a commissioned or noncommissioned officer.","The answer selects *kashikan*. *Ano-kata mo kashikan desu ka* asks whether another person is also a noncommissioned officer."]},{"title":"A mallet or soil","paragraphs":["*Kore wa tsúchi desu ka, tsuchí desu ka* asks whether something is a mallet or soil. *Sore wa tsúchi desu* selects mallet.","*Kore mo tsúchi desu ka* then asks whether another item is also a mallet."]},{"title":"A complete morning greeting","paragraphs":["*Ohayoo* and *Gozaimasu* combine as *Ohayoo gozaimasu*. The complete expression means \"Good morning.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.121","source":"Anata wa shookoo desu ka, kashikan desu ka?","translation":"Are you a commissioned officer or a noncommissioned officer?","reading":"あなたわしょおこおですかかしかんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.121.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.122","source":"Watakushi wa kashikan desu.","translation":"I am a noncommissioned officer.","reading":"わたくしわかしかんです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.122.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.123","source":"Ano-kata mo kashikan desu ka?","translation":"Is that person also a noncommissioned officer?","reading":"あのかたもかしかんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.123.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.125","source":"Kore wa tsúchi desu ka, tsuchí desu ka?","translation":"Is this a mallet or soil?","reading":"これわつちですかつちですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.126","source":"Sore wa tsúchi desu.","translation":"That is a mallet.","reading":"それわつちです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.127","source":"Kore mo tsúchi desu ka?","translation":"Is this also a mallet?","reading":"これもつちですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.128","source":"Iie, sore wa tsuchí dewa arimasen sore wa tsuchí desu.","translation":"No, that is not soil. That is soil.","reading":"いいえそれわつちでわありませんそれわつちです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.129","source":"Ohayoo","translation":"Good morning.","reading":"おはよお","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.129.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.130","source":"Gozaimasu","translation":"Good morning.","reading":"ございます","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.130.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.131","source":"Ohayoo gozaimasu.","translation":"Good morning.","reading":"おはよおございます","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.131.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking after someone's health · Perception Drill 14","teaching":[{"title":"Asking politely about health","paragraphs":["*Ogenki desu ka* means \"Are you fine?\" An honorific marks respect when referring to another person.","*Ogenki* is the honorific equivalent of *genki*. Use *genki* for yourself."]},{"title":"Appreciation with a favorable answer","paragraphs":["*Okagesama de genki desu* means \"Thanks, I'm fine.\" *Okagesama de* expresses appreciation for concern or help.","It accompanies favorable or pleasant information."]}],"lines":[{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.132","source":"Ohayoo gozaimasu","translation":"Good morning.","reading":"おはよおございます","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.132.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.133","source":"Ogenki","translation":"How are you?","reading":"おげんき","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.133.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.134","source":"Ogenki desu ka?","translation":"Are you fine? (See notes)","reading":"おげんきですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.134.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.135","source":"Okagesama de","translation":"Thanks to you. (see notes)","reading":"おかげさまで","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.135.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.136","source":"Genki desu","translation":"I am fine.","reading":"げんきです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.136.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.137","source":"Okagesama de genki desu.","translation":"Thanks, I'm fine.","reading":"おかげさまでげんきです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.137.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.138","source":"Yoku","translation":"Well.","reading":"よく","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.138.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.139","source":"Dekimashita","translation":"Done.","reading":"できました","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.139.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.140","source":"Yoku dekimashita","translation":"You did well.","reading":"よくできました","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.140.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.141","source":"Doomo","translation":"Very much.","reading":"どおも","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.141.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Thanks and polite replies · Perception Drill 15","teaching":[{"title":"A polite morning exchange","paragraphs":["Two speakers exchange *Ohayoo gozaimasu*, meaning \"Good morning.\" *Ogenki desu ka* politely asks about the other person's health.","*Hai, okagesama de genki desu* gives favorable news with the appreciative *okagesama de*."]},{"title":"Thanks and its reply","paragraphs":["*Doomo arigatoo gozaimasu* means \"Thank you very much.\" *Doo itashimashite* replies \"Don't mention it.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":156,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.142","source":"Arigatoo","translation":"Thank you.","reading":"ありがとお","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.142.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.143","source":"Gozaimasu","translation":"It is.","reading":"ございます","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.143.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.144","source":"Doomo arigatoo gozaimasu.","translation":"Thank you very much.","reading":"どおもありがとおございます","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.144.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.145","source":"Doo","translation":"How?","reading":"どお","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.145.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.146","source":"Itashimashite","translation":"Not at all.","reading":"いたしまして","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.146.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.147","source":"Doo itashimashite","translation":"Don't mention it; not at all","reading":"どおいたしまして","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.147.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.148","source":"Ohayoo gozaimasu.","translation":"Good morning.","reading":"おはよおございます","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.148.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.149","source":"Ohayoo gozaimasu.","translation":"Good morning.","reading":"おはよおございます","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.149.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.150","source":"Ogenki desu ka?","translation":"Are you fine? (See notes)","reading":"おげんきですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.150.m4a"},{"number":165,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.151","source":"Hai, okagesama de genki desu.","translation":"Yes, thanks, I'm fine.","reading":"はいおかげさまでげんきです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.151.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Praise, thanks and replies · Perception Drill 16","teaching":[{"title":"Praise, thanks, and a reply","paragraphs":["*Yoku dekimashita* means \"You did well.\" The response *Doomo arigatoo gozaimasu* means \"Thank you very much.\"","*Doo itashimashite* completes the exchange with \"Don't mention it.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":166,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.152","source":"Yoku dekimashita.","translation":"You did well.","reading":"よくできました","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.152.m4a"},{"number":167,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.153","source":"Doomo arigatoo gozaimasu.","translation":"Thank you very much.","reading":"どおもありがとおございます","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.153.m4a"},{"number":168,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.154","source":"Doo itashimashite.","translation":"Don't mention it; not at all","reading":"どおいたしまして","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.154.m4a"},{"number":169,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.155","source":"Yoku dekimashita.","translation":"You did well.","reading":"よくできました","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.155.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.156","source":"Doomo arigatoo gozaimasu.","translation":"Thank you very much.","reading":"どおもありがとおございます","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.156.m4a"},{"number":171,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pc.157","source":"Doo itashimashite.","translation":"Don't mention it; not at all","reading":"どおいたしまして","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pc.157.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Hearing pitch differences · Pronunciation drill 1","teaching":[{"title":"Preserve each pitch contrast","paragraphs":["*hí desu* identifies fire, while *hi desu* identifies the sun. Keep the syllables even in length and stress while changing pitch.","The same contrast separates *sáke desu*, meaning \"salmon,\" from *saké desu*, meaning \"sake wine.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":172,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.001","source":"hí desu","translation":"fire","reading":"ひです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":173,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.002","source":"hi desu","translation":"sun","reading":"ひです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pd.002.m4a"},{"number":174,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.003","source":"Hai, sore wa hi desu.","translation":"Yes, that is fire.","reading":"はいそれわひです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pd.003.m4a"},{"number":175,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.004","source":"Kore mo hi desu ka?","translation":"Is this fire too?","reading":"これもひですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pd.004.m4a"},{"number":176,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.005","source":"Iie, sore wa hi dewa arimasen.","translation":"No, that is not fire.","reading":"いいえそれわひでわありません","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pd.005.m4a"},{"number":177,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.006","source":"Sore, wa hí desu.","translation":"That is the sun.","reading":"それわひです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":178,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.007","source":"sáke desu","translation":"salmon","reading":"さけです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":179,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.008","source":"saké desu","translation":"sake wine","reading":"さけです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":180,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.009","source":"Kore wa sake desu ka?","translation":"Is this sake?","reading":"これわさけですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pd.009.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Salmon, sake, rain and candy · Pronunciation drill 2","teaching":[{"title":"Salmon and rain after a denial","paragraphs":["*Kore mo sake desu ka* asks whether another item is also rice wine. After a denial, *Sore wa sáke desu* identifies salmon.","The same exchange contrasts *ame*, meaning \"candy,\" with *áme*, meaning \"rain.\" Preserve the pitch change while keeping syllable length and stress even."]}],"lines":[{"number":181,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.010","source":"Hai, sore wa sake desu.","translation":"Yes, that is sake.","reading":"はいそれわさけです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pd.010.m4a"},{"number":182,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.011","source":"Kore mo sake desu ka?","translation":"Is this sake too?","reading":"これもさけですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pd.011.m4a"},{"number":183,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.012","source":"Iie, sore wa sake dewa arimasen.","translation":"No, that is not sake.","reading":"いいえそれわさけでわありません","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pd.012.m4a"},{"number":184,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.013","source":"Sore wa sáke desu.","translation":"That is salmon.","reading":"それわさけです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":185,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.014","source":"Hai, sore wa ame desu.","translation":"Yes, that is candy.","reading":"はいそれわあめです","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pd.014.m4a"},{"number":186,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.015","source":"Kore mo ame desu ka?","translation":"Is this candy too?","reading":"これもあめですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pd.015.m4a"},{"number":187,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.016","source":"Iie, sore wa ame dewa arimasen.","translation":"No, that is not candy.","reading":"いいえそれわあめでわありません","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pd.016.m4a"},{"number":188,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.017","source":"Dewa, kore wa nan desu ka?","translation":"Then what is this?","reading":"でわこれわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pd.017.m4a"},{"number":189,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.018","source":"Sore wa áme desu.","translation":"That is rain.","reading":"それわあめです","words":null,"audio":null}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Chopsticks, bridges and hammers · Pronunciation drill 3","teaching":[{"title":"Chopsticks and a bridge","paragraphs":["*háshi desu* identifies chopsticks, while *hashí desu* identifies a bridge. Preserve the different pitch while keeping each syllable even.","*Kore mo háshi desu ka* asks whether another object is also chopsticks. The exchange denies that identity and answers with *hashí*."]}],"lines":[{"number":190,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.019","source":"háshi desu","translation":"chopsticks","reading":"はしです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":191,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.020","source":"hashí desu","translation":"bridge","reading":"はしです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":192,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.021","source":"Kore wa háshi desu ka?","translation":"Are these chopsticks?","reading":"これわはしですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":193,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.022","source":"Hai, sore wa háshi desu.","translation":"Yes, those are chopsticks.","reading":"はいそれわはしです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":194,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.023","source":"Kore mo háshi desu ka?","translation":"Are these chopsticks too?","reading":"これもはしですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":195,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.024","source":"Iie, sore wa háshi dewa arimasen.","translation":"No, those are not chopsticks.","reading":"いいえそれわはしでわありません","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":196,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.025","source":"Dewa, kore wa nan desu ka?","translation":"Then what is this?","reading":"でわこれわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pd.025.m4a"},{"number":197,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.026","source":"Sore wa hashí desu.","translation":"That is a bridge.","reading":"それわはしです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":198,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.027","source":"tsúchi desu","translation":"hammer","reading":"つちです","words":null,"audio":null}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Earth and mallets · Pronunciation drill 4","teaching":[{"title":"Earth and a mallet","paragraphs":["*tsuchí desu* identifies earth, while *tsúchi* identifies a mallet. Preserve the pitch difference while keeping syllable length and stress even.","*Kore mo tsúchi desu ka* asks whether another object is also a mallet. The final answer identifies *tsuchí*, meaning \"earth.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":199,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.028","source":"tsuchí desu","translation":"earth","reading":"つちです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":200,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.029","source":"Kore wa tsuchí desu ka?","translation":"Is this earth?","reading":"これわつちですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":201,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.030","source":"Hai, sore wa tsúchi desu.","translation":"Yes, that is a mallet.","reading":"はいそれわつちです","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":202,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.031","source":"Kore mo tsúchi desu ka?","translation":"Is this a mallet too?","reading":"これもつちですか","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":203,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.032","source":"Iie, sore wa tsúchi dewa arimasen.","translation":"No, that is not a mallet.","reading":"いいえそれわつちでわありません","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":204,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.033","source":"Dewa, kore wa nan desu ka?","translation":"Then what is this?","reading":"でわこれわなんですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.pd.033.m4a"},{"number":205,"id":"ja.dli.L003.pd.034","source":"Sore wa tsuchí desu.","translation":"That is earth.","reading":"それわつちです","words":null,"audio":null}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Fire, sun and sound-alikes · Word list 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Pitch separates meanings","paragraphs":["These words name objects and natural things. *hí* means \"fire,\" while *hi* means \"sun.\"","*saké* means \"Japanese SAKE wine.\" The entries show that pitch can distinguish meaning without changing the consonants and vowels."]}],"lines":[{"number":206,"id":"ja.dli.L003.w.001","source":"hí","translation":"fire","reading":"ひ","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":207,"id":"ja.dli.L003.w.002","source":"hi","translation":"sun","reading":"ひ","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.w.002.m4a"},{"number":208,"id":"ja.dli.L003.w.003","source":"sáke","translation":"salmon","reading":"さけ","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":209,"id":"ja.dli.L003.w.004","source":"saké","translation":"Japanese SAKE wine","reading":"さけ","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":210,"id":"ja.dli.L003.w.005","source":"hashí","translation":"bridge","reading":"はし","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":211,"id":"ja.dli.L003.w.006","source":"háshi","translation":"chopsticks","reading":"はし","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":212,"id":"ja.dli.L003.w.007","source":"tsúchi","translation":"hammer","reading":"つち","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":213,"id":"ja.dli.L003.w.008","source":"tuschí","translation":"earth, dirt","reading":"つsち","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":214,"id":"ja.dli.L003.w.009","source":"áme","translation":"rain","reading":"あめ","words":null,"audio":null}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Greetings, thanks and choices · Word list 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Expressions for polite exchanges","paragraphs":["These expressions cover greetings, health, choices, praise, thanks, and replies. *Ohayoo gozaimasu* means \"Good morning.\"","*Ogenki desu ka* asks \"Are you fine?\" *Okagesama de* means \"Thanks to you.\" The expressions support a complete polite exchange."]}],"lines":[{"number":215,"id":"ja.dli.L003.w.010","source":"amé","translation":"candy","reading":"あめ","words":null,"audio":null},{"number":216,"id":"ja.dli.L003.w.011","source":"mo","translation":"also","reading":"も","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.w.011.m4a"},{"number":217,"id":"ja.dli.L003.w.012","source":"Ohayoo gozaimasu.","translation":"Good morning.","reading":"おはよおございます","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.w.012.m4a"},{"number":218,"id":"ja.dli.L003.w.013","source":"Ogenki desu ka?","translation":"Are you fine? (See notes)","reading":"おげんきですか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.w.013.m4a"},{"number":219,"id":"ja.dli.L003.w.014","source":"Okagesama de","translation":"Thanks to you. (see notes)","reading":"おかげさまで","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.w.014.m4a"},{"number":220,"id":"ja.dli.L003.w.015","source":"---ka---ka","translation":"is --- or ---? (See notes)","reading":"かか","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.w.015.m4a"},{"number":221,"id":"ja.dli.L003.w.016","source":"Yoku dekimashita.","translation":"You did well.","reading":"よくできました","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.w.016.m4a"},{"number":222,"id":"ja.dli.L003.w.017","source":"Doomo arigatoo gozaimasu.","translation":"Thank you very much.","reading":"どおもありがとおございます","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.w.017.m4a"},{"number":223,"id":"ja.dli.L003.w.018","source":"Doo itashimashite","translation":"Don't mention it; not at all","reading":"どおいたしまして","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L003.w.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":6,"text":"Homework Assignment\n\n1 Memorize the Dialogue.\n\n2 Memorize the vocabulary.\n\n3 Listen to the tape and practice pronunciation.\n\n4 Read the Explanatory Notes.\n\n5 Practice writing and reading of HIRAGANA, pa to po."}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]}]}