{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L033","title":"Lesson 33","stage":"Sounds, kana, and the first conversations","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 33: an auto repairman's workweek · dialogue 1 of 3, greasy work and health · dialogue 2 of 3, paydays and coming home · dialogue 3 of 3, covered with dirt and grease · perception drill, talking about occasional events · perception drill, past descriptions before nouns · perception drill, redoing and replacing things · perception drill, describing gradual changes · perception drill, things covered in grime · pattern 1 1 of 2, trash and mistakes everywhere · pattern 1 2 of 2, sometimes doing everyday things · pattern 2 1 of 3, occasional weather and routines · pattern 2 2 of 3, verb forms for occasional events · pattern 2 3 of 3, describing people and things · pattern 3 1 of 2, past forms before nouns · pattern 3 2 of 2, beginning, changing clothes and starting young · pattern 4 2 of 3, verbs joined to other verbs · pattern 4 3 of 3, changes already underway · pattern 5 1 of 2, weather, growing auto repair work · reading selection 1 of 3, repair work, health, questions about repair work · questions 1 of 3, questions about grime and health · questions 2 of 3, questions about pay and skill · questions 3 of 3, repair, pay, illness, time.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/33","lines":244},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/32","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/34","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"An auto repairman's workweek · Dialogue 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A repairman's week","paragraphs":["Mr. Yamada works six days each week at an auto repair shop in town.","*山田さんは 毎日 町の ある 自動車 しゅうりこで 働いています* means \"Mr. Yamada works at a certain auto repair shop in town every day.\""]},{"title":"Work that ends late","paragraphs":["*時々 夜おそくまで 働いて、 ずい分 つかれて 家へ かえることが あるそうです* says he sometimes works late and returns home very tired.","*ことが ある* marks his late return as something that happens at times."]},{"title":"Kanji: 田, 動, 車, 働","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L033.dlg.001","source":"山田さんは、 どんな しごとを しているのですか。","translation":"What sort of work is Mr. Yamada doing?","reading":"やまださんは、どんなしごとをしているのですか。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what sort of"},{"text":"しごと","gloss":"work"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"doing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"doing"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"doing"},{"text":"の","gloss":"that"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L033.dlg.002","source":"山田さんは 毎日 町の ある 自動車 しゅうりこで 働いています。","translation":"Mr. Yamada works at a certain auto repair shop in town everyday.","reading":"やまださんはまいにちまちのあるじどうしゃしゅうりこではたらいています。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"a certain"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"しゅ","gloss":"repair shop"},{"text":"うり","gloss":"repair shop"},{"text":"こ","gloss":"repair shop"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"働い","gloss":"works","reading":"はたらい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"works"},{"text":"い","gloss":"works"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"works"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L033.dlg.003","source":"一週間に 何日 働くのですか。","translation":"How many days a week does he work?","reading":"いちしゅうかんになんにちはたらくのですか。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"one week","reading":"いち"},{"text":"週間","gloss":"one week","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many days"},{"text":"日","gloss":"how many days"},{"text":"働く","gloss":"work"},{"text":"の","gloss":"that"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L033.dlg.004","source":"六日 働きます。","translation":"He works six days.","reading":"むいかはたらきます。","words":[{"text":"六","gloss":"six days"},{"text":"日","gloss":"six days"},{"text":"働き","gloss":"works"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"works"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L033.dlg.005","source":"この頃は 日本でも 自動車が ふえましたから、 しゅうりのいる 自動車が 多いでしょうね。","translation":"Automobiles have increased in number in Japan, too, these days, so there must be many cars that need repairs, don't you think?","reading":"このごろはにほんでもじどうしゃがふえましたから、しゅうりのいるじどうしゃがおおいでしょうね。","words":[{"text":"この頃","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ふえ","gloss":"increased"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"しゅ","gloss":"repairs"},{"text":"うり","gloss":"repairs"},{"text":"の","gloss":"that"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"need"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L033.dlg.006","source":"ええ、 そうです。 時々 夜おそくまで 働いて、 ずい分 つかれて 家へ かえることが あるそうです。","translation":"Yes, that's right. There are times when he works till late at night and returns home very tired, I understand.","reading":"ええ、そうです。ときどきよるおそくまではたらいて、ずいぶんつかれていえへかえることがあるそうです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"夜","gloss":"night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"おそく","gloss":"late"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"働い","gloss":"works","reading":"はたらい"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"very"},{"text":"つか","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"かえる","gloss":"returns"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"times"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"KONO HEYA WA GOMI DARAKE DESU.\n\nDARAKE is a suffix added on to a noun, and it means 'full of' or 'covered with something unpleasant or filthy' and it is not used with a word of pleasant meaning. For example, in English you may say, \"He is filthy with money\"; we cannot translate it in Japanese saying ANO KATA WA O-KANE DARAKE DESU. Since money is something we are pleased to have, DARAKE is not used that way. However, an expression, \"He is full of debt,\" is ANO KATA WA SHAKKIN DARAKE DESU. (SHAKKIN means debt.)"},{"section":2,"text":"WATAKUSHI WA HANAMI NI IKU KOTO GA ARIMASU.\n\nKOTO GA ARIMASU is used after the dictionary form of verbs, I-adjectives, and NA-adjectives to mean 'there are times,' 'at times,' 'occasionally,' etc. Thus, the above title sentence can be translated, \"There are times when I go flower viewing.\"\n\nExamples:\n\nYORU DEMO HATARAKU KOTO GA ARIMASU. \"There are times when I work even at night.\"\n\nNATSU NIMO SAMUI KOTO GA ARIMASU. \"There are times when it is cold even in summer.\"\n\nKODOMOTACHI GA ITEMO SHIZUKA NA KOTO GA ARIMASU. \"Even though there are children, there are times when it is quiet.\"\n\nSHIZUKA NA means quiet."},{"section":3,"text":"YOGORETA FUKU\n\nSome verbs in the abrupt past tense modify a noun to describe the presently existing condition.\n\nExamples:\n\nFUTOTTA HITO GA KOSHIKAKETE IMASU. \"A fat man is sitting.\"\n\nYASETA HITO GA TATTE IMASU. \"A skinny person is standing.\"\n\nKI DE KOSHIRAETA TSUKUE WA TAKAI DESU. \"A desk made of wood is expensive.\"\n\nIn the above uses, the past tense of verbs may be replaced with TE-form plus ARU or IRU to convey the same idea of persistent state of being. Whether TE-IMASU is used or the TE-ARIMASU is used depends on the nature of the verbs. (Refer to Lesson 32, pattern 2.) Above examples may\n\nbe expressed as follows:\n\nFUTOTTE IRU HITO GA KOSHIKAKETE IMASU.\n\nYASETE IRU HITO GA TATTE IMASU.\n\nKI DE KOSHIRAETE ARU TSUKUE WA TAKAI DESU."},{"section":4,"text":"KIMONO O KIKAEMASU.\n\nTo the conjunctive base of verbs, other verbs are attached to form compound verbs. Such verbs as HAJIMERU, 'to begin'; OWARU, 'to end'; KAERU, 'to change' are often added to form compound verbs meaning 'to begin to ---,' 'to finish ---,' 'to change ---,' etc.\n\nTABEHAJIMERU to begin to eat\n\nTABEOWARU to finish eating\n\nKIKAERU to change clothes\n\nKAKINAOSU to rewrite"},{"section":5,"text":"GOGATSU GORO KARA ISOGASHIKU NATTE KIMASU. (IKIMASU) \"From about May it will become busy.\"\n\nOYA WA INAKUTEMO, KODOMO WA SODATTE IKIMASU. \"Even though the parents are not around, the children will grow up.\"\n\nWhen NATTE KIMASU or NATTE IKIMASU is added to the conjunctive base of I-adjectives, it shows a gradual change. NATTE IKIMASU is used sometimes to denote the expected change in the future. NATTE KIMASU or NATTE\n\nIKIMASU may be added to the NI-base of a NA-adjective.\n\nExample:\n\nJOOZU NI NATTE KIMASHITA. \"He has become good.\""}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は、","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"しごと","gloss":"work, job"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"町","gloss":"town"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"六","gloss":"six"},{"word":"この頃","gloss":"these days, nowadays"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"時々","gloss":"sometimes, occasionally"},{"word":"夜","gloss":"night, evening"},{"word":"おそく","gloss":"late (adverbial form of OSOI, be late, be slow)"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ずい分","gloss":"very much"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Greasy work and health · Dialogue 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Dirty work clothes","paragraphs":["Repairmen become covered with grease and dirt, then change their soiled clothes before going home.","*あぶらだらけになったり、 ごみだらけになったり します* describes becoming covered with grease and dirt."]},{"title":"Winter work becomes busier","paragraphs":["*冬になると、 いそがしくなって 来るそうです* says that the work becomes busy in winter.","*いそがしくなって 来る* presents the work as becoming busier."]},{"title":"Kanji: 体, 給, 元, 上","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L033.dlg.007","source":"自動車の しゅうりこうは あぶらで よごれるでしょうね。","translation":"The auto repairmen get dirty from grease, don't they?","reading":"じどうしゃのしゅうりこうはあぶらでよごれるでしょうね。","words":[{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"りこう","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あぶら","gloss":"grease"},{"text":"で","gloss":"from"},{"text":"よごれる","gloss":"get dirty"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L033.dlg.008","source":"ええ、 あぶらだらけになったり、 ごみだらけになったり しますから、 家へ かえる 前に よごれた 服を 着かえなければなりません。","translation":"They become covered with grease and dirt, so before they go home, they must change soiled clothes.","reading":"ええ、あぶらだらけになったり、ごみだらけになったりしますから、いえへかえるまえによごれたふくをきかえなければなりません。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"あぶら","gloss":"grease"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"covered with"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"and things like"},{"text":"ごみ","gloss":"dirt"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"covered with"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"and things like"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"かえる","gloss":"return"},{"text":"前","gloss":"before","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"よごれ","gloss":"soiled"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"服","gloss":"clothes","reading":"ふく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"着かえ","gloss":"change","reading":"きかえ"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L033.dlg.009","source":"そうでしょうね。 あぶらだらけの 服を 着て、 家へ かえると かぜを ひくでしょう。","translation":"I suppose so. One will probably catch cold if he goes home with his grease-covered clothes on, don't you think?","reading":"そうでしょうね。あぶらだらけのふくをきて、いえへかえるとかぜをひくでしょう。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"あぶら","gloss":"grease"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"covered with"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"服","gloss":"clothes","reading":"ふく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"着","gloss":"wear","reading":"き"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"かえる","gloss":"return"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ひく","gloss":"catch"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L033.dlg.010","source":"ええ、 その上、 冬になると、 いそがしくなって 来るそうですから、 いつも 元気で、 ふとっている 山田さんも 冬には やせるそうです。","translation":"Yes, on top of that, in winter the work becomes busy as I understand it, so even Mr. Yamada, who is stout but always full of vigor, loses weight in winter, I hear.","reading":"ええ、そのうえ、ふゆになると、いそがしくなってくるそうですから、いつもげんきで、ふとっているやまださんもふゆにはやせるそうです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"その","gloss":"on top of that"},{"text":"上、","gloss":"on top of that","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"冬","gloss":"winter","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"becomes"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"いそがしく","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"come to","reading":"くる"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"元気","gloss":"healthy","reading":"げんき"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ふとっ","gloss":"stout"},{"text":"て","gloss":"stout"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"stout"},{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"冬","gloss":"winter","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やせる","gloss":"loses weight"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L033.dlg.011","source":"しごとが 多くて 夜も 働くと、 給料を 多くもらうから、 よいでしょうが、 そのかわり 体には わるいでしょうね。","translation":"If there is lots of work and if one works at night, too, he'll receive a big wage, so it's nice; but on the other hand, it will be bad for his health, don't you think?","reading":"しごとがおおくてよるもはたらくと、きゅうりょうをおおくもらうから、よいでしょうが、そのかわりからだにはわるいでしょうね。","words":[{"text":"しごと","gloss":"work"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"much","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"夜","gloss":"night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"働く","gloss":"works","reading":"はたらく"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"給料","gloss":"wages","reading":"きゅうりょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"much","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"もらう","gloss":"receives"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"その","gloss":"on other hand"},{"text":"かわり","gloss":"on other hand"},{"text":"体","gloss":"health","reading":"からだ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"わるい","gloss":"bad"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L033.dlg.012","source":"ええ、 でも 山田さんは 体が じょうぶですから、 びょう気に なっても じきに なおります。","translation":"Yes, but since Mr. Yamada is healthy, he gets well quickly even if he gets sick.","reading":"ええ、でもやまださんはからだがじょうぶですから、びょうきになってもじきになおります。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も","gloss":"but"},{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"体","gloss":"body","reading":"からだ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"じょうぶ","gloss":"healthy"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"びょう気","gloss":"sick"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"じき","gloss":"soon"},{"text":"に","gloss":"soon"},{"text":"なおり","gloss":"recovers"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"recovers"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"しゅう","gloss":"state"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"あぶら","gloss":"grease, oil"},{"word":"よごれる","gloss":"to become soiled (v.i.)"},{"word":"だらけ","gloss":"full of, covered with (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ごみ","gloss":"trash, dirt"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"前","gloss":"before, front"},{"word":"服","gloss":"clothes, suits, uniform"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"かぜ","gloss":"wind"},{"word":"ひく","gloss":"to subtract (v.t.)"},{"word":"冬","gloss":"winter"},{"word":"いつ","gloss":"when?"},{"word":"やせる","gloss":"to lose weight (v.i.)"},{"word":"給料","gloss":"wage, salary"},{"word":"もらう","gloss":"to receive (tangible things)"},{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"体","gloss":"body, health"},{"word":"わるい","gloss":"bad"},{"word":"びょう気","gloss":"sickness, illness"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Paydays and coming home · Dialogue 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Paydays and coming home","paragraphs":["One speaker asks how often Mr. Yamada receives his wages and when he comes home.","*一か月に 二度 もらうのです* means \"He gets his wages twice a month.\""]},{"title":"A little before six","paragraphs":["*大抵 六時 少し 前に かえります* means \"He usually gets home a little before six o'clock.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L033.dlg.013","source":"山田さんは 一か月に 何度 給料を もらいますか。","translation":"How many times a month does Mr. Yamada get paid?","reading":"やまださんはいちかげつになんどきゅうりょうをもらいますか。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one month","reading":"いち"},{"text":"か月","gloss":"one month","reading":"かげつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many times","reading":"なん"},{"text":"度","gloss":"how many times","reading":"ど"},{"text":"給料","gloss":"wages","reading":"きゅうりょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もらい","gloss":"receives"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L033.dlg.014","source":"一か月に 二度 もらうのです。","translation":"He gets his wages twice a month.","reading":"いちかげつににどもらうのです。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"one month","reading":"いち"},{"text":"か月","gloss":"one month","reading":"かげつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"二","gloss":"twice","reading":"に"},{"text":"度","gloss":"twice","reading":"ど"},{"text":"もらう","gloss":"receives"},{"text":"の","gloss":"that"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L033.dlg.015","source":"私は これを 山田さんに 上げたいのですが、 何時頃 家へ かえるでしょうか。","translation":"I want to give this to Mr. Yamada, but I wonder about what time will he come home?","reading":"わたくしはこれをやまださんにあげたいのですが、いつごろいえへかえるでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"上げ","gloss":"give","reading":"あげ"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"の","gloss":"that"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"何時頃","gloss":"about what time","reading":"いつごろ"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"かえる","gloss":"return"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L033.dlg.016","source":"大抵 六時 少し 前に かえります。","translation":"He usually gets home a little before six o'clock.","reading":"たいていろくじすこしまえにかえります。","words":[{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six o'clock","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"時","gloss":"six o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"前","gloss":"before","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"かえり","gloss":"returns"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"returns"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.dlg.016.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Covered with dirt and grease · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"Covered with grease","paragraphs":["*この くつは あぶらだらけです* means \"These shoes are covered with grease.\"","The suffix *だらけ* follows a noun and means \"full of\" or \"covered with something unpleasant or filthy.\""]},{"title":"The noun names the problem","paragraphs":["*この本は 間ちがいだらけです* means \"This book is full of mistakes.\"","The noun before *だらけ* names what unpleasant thing fills or covers the subject."]}],"lines":[{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp1.01","source":"あぶらだらけに なります。","translation":"One will become covered with grease.","reading":"あぶらだらけになります。","words":[{"text":"あぶら","gloss":"grease"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"covered with"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"becomes"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"becomes"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp1.02","source":"ごみだらけ","translation":"covered with dirt","reading":"ごみだらけ","words":[{"text":"ごみ","gloss":"dirt"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"covered with"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp1.03","source":"草だらけ","translation":"covered with weeds, full of weeds","reading":"くさだらけ","words":[{"text":"草","gloss":"weeds","reading":"くさ"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"covered with"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp1.04","source":"間ちがいだらけ","translation":"full of errors","reading":"まちがいだらけ","words":[{"text":"間ちがい","gloss":"errors","reading":"まちがい"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"full of"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp1.05","source":"この くつは あぶらだらけです。","translation":"These shoes are covered with grease.","reading":"このくつはあぶらだらけです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"these"},{"text":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あぶら","gloss":"grease"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"covered with"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp1.06","source":"この本は 間ちがいだらけです。","translation":"This book is full of mistakes.","reading":"このほんはまちがいだらけです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"間ちがい","gloss":"mistakes","reading":"まちがい"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"full of"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp1.07","source":"この道は 人が あまり 歩かないから、 草だらけです。","translation":"This road is covered with grass because not many people walk on it.","reading":"このみちはひとがあまりあるかないから、くさだらけです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"道","gloss":"road","reading":"みち"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"many"},{"text":"歩か","gloss":"walk","reading":"あるか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"草","gloss":"grass","reading":"くさ"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"covered with"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp1.08","source":"かぜが ふくと、 きょうしつが ごみだらけに なります。","translation":"When the wind blows, the classroom becomes full of dust.","reading":"かぜがふくと、きょうしつがごみだらけになります。","words":[{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"wind"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ふく","gloss":"blows"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"きょうしつ","gloss":"classroom"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ごみ","gloss":"dust"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"full of"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"becomes"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"becomes"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp1.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"間ちがい","gloss":"mistake, error"},{"word":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"word":"本","gloss":"numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)"},{"word":"道","gloss":"road, street"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"ふく","gloss":"to blow (v.i.)"},{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Talking about occasional events · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"There are times","paragraphs":["*私は 夜 おそく 家へ かえることがあります* means \"There are times when I come home late at night.\"","*ことが あります* follows the dictionary form of a verb, an I-adjective, or a NA-adjective and means \"there are times.\""]},{"title":"At times, but usually","paragraphs":["*さむいことも ありますが、 大抵 あったかいです* means \"Sometimes it is cold, but it is usually warm.\"","Here, *ことも あります* contrasts occasional cold with the usual warmth."]},{"title":"Kanji: 休","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp2.01","source":"私は 夜 おそく 家へ かえることがあります。","translation":"There are times when I come home late at night.","reading":"わたくしはよるおそくいえへかえることがあります。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"夜","gloss":"night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"おそく","gloss":"late"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"かえる","gloss":"return"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"times"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"there are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp2.01.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp2.02","source":"おそく たべる ことがあります。","translation":"There are times when I eat late.","reading":"おそくたべることがあります。","words":[{"text":"おそく","gloss":"late"},{"text":"たべる","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"times"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"there are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp2.02.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp2.03","source":"早く おきる ことがあります。","translation":"There are times when I get up early.","reading":"はやくおきることがあります。","words":[{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"おきる","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"times"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"there are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp2.03.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp2.04","source":"たべない ことがあります。","translation":"There are times when I do not eat.","reading":"たべないことがあります。","words":[{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"times"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"there are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp2.04.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp2.05","source":"さむい ことがあります。","translation":"There are times when it is cold.","reading":"さむいことがあります。","words":[{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"times"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp2.05.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp2.06","source":"およぎたい ことがあります。","translation":"There are times when I want to swim.","reading":"およぎたいことがあります。","words":[{"text":"およぎ","gloss":"swim"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"times"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp2.06.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp2.07","source":"あなたは 毎ばん おそく 休みますか。","translation":"Do you go to bed late every night?","reading":"あなたはまいばんおそくやすみますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎","gloss":"every night","reading":"まい"},{"text":"ばん","gloss":"every night"},{"text":"おそく","gloss":"late"},{"text":"休み","gloss":"go to bed","reading":"やすみ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp2.07.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp2.08","source":"いいえ、 早く 休む ことも あります。","translation":"No, there are also times when I go to bed early.","reading":"いいえ、はやくやすむこともあります。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"休む","gloss":"go to bed","reading":"やすむ"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"times"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp2.08.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp2.09","source":"さくらの 花は 三月に さきますか。","translation":"Do the cherry blossoms bloom in March?","reading":"さくらのはなはさんがつにさきますか。","words":[{"text":"さくら","gloss":"cherry"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"花","gloss":"blossoms","reading":"はな"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"三","gloss":"March","reading":"さん"},{"text":"月","gloss":"March","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"さき","gloss":"bloom"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp2.09.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp2.10","source":"三月に さくことも ありますが、 大抵は 四月に さきます。","translation":"Sometimes they bloom in March, but they usually bloom in April.","reading":"さんがつにさくこともありますが、たいていはしがつにさきます。","words":[{"text":"三","gloss":"March","reading":"さん"},{"text":"月","gloss":"March","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"さく","gloss":"bloom"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"times"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"四","gloss":"April"},{"text":"月","gloss":"April"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"さき","gloss":"bloom"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp2.10.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp2.11","source":"モンテレーは さむいですか。","translation":"Is Monterey cold?","reading":"モンテレーはさむいですか。","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp2.11.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp2.12","source":"さむいことも ありますが、 大抵 あったかいです。","translation":"Sometimes it is cold, but it is usually warm.","reading":"さむいこともありますが、たいていあったかいです。","words":[{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"times"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"あったかい","gloss":"warm"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp2.12.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"おきる","gloss":"to rise, get up (v.i.)"},{"word":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"word":"ばん","gloss":"evening, night"},{"word":"さくら","gloss":"cherry (flower)"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"月","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"さく","gloss":"to bloom (v.i.)"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"word":"あったかい","gloss":"warm"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Past descriptions before nouns · Perception drill, Block 3","teaching":[{"title":"A past form before a noun","paragraphs":["*よごれた 服* means \"soiled clothes\" or \"clothes which are soiled.\"","The plain past form of some verbs stands before a noun and describes a condition that exists now."]},{"title":"The action identifies the noun","paragraphs":["*げたは 木で こしらえた 物です* means \"Geta are things made of wood.\"","Here, *こしらえた* stands before *物* and identifies the things by how they were made."]}],"lines":[{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp3.01","source":"よごれた 服","translation":"'soiled clothes,' 'clothes which are soiled'","reading":"よごれたふく","words":[{"text":"よごれ","gloss":"soil"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"服","gloss":"clothes","reading":"ふく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp3.01.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp3.02","source":"木でこしらえた 物","translation":"Something made of wood.","reading":"きでこしらえたもの","words":[{"text":"木","gloss":"wood","reading":"き"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"こしらえ","gloss":"make"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"物","gloss":"thing","reading":"もの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp3.02.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp3.03","source":"鉄で出来た はし","translation":"A bridge made of iron.","reading":"てつでできたはし","words":[{"text":"鉄","gloss":"iron","reading":"てつ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"make","reading":"でき"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"はし","gloss":"bridge"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp3.03.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp3.04","source":"日本から来た 先生","translation":"A teacher who came from Japan.","reading":"にほんからきたせんせい","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp3.04.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp3.05","source":"のこった お金","translation":"The money that remained.","reading":"のこったおかね","words":[{"text":"のこっ","gloss":"remain"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"お","gloss":"money"},{"text":"金","gloss":"money","reading":"かね"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp3.05.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp3.06","source":"私が書いた 本","translation":"A book that I wrote.","reading":"わたくしがかいたほん","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp3.06.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp3.07","source":"あの 先生は 日本から 来た 人ですか。","translation":"Is that teacher a person who came from Japan?","reading":"あのせんせいはにほんからきたひとですか。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp3.07.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp3.08","source":"はい、 そうです。","translation":"Yes, that is right.","reading":"はい、そうです。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp3.08.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp3.09","source":"この よごれた くつ下は どうしましょうか。","translation":"What shall we do with these dirty socks?","reading":"このよごれたくつしたはどうしましょうか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"these"},{"text":"よごれ","gloss":"soil"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"くつ下","gloss":"socks"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ましょう","gloss":"shall we"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp3.09.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp3.10","source":"この はこの 中に 入れてください。","translation":"Please put them in this box.","reading":"このはこのなかにいれてください。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"box"},{"text":"この","gloss":"box"},{"text":"中","gloss":"inside","reading":"なか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"入れ","gloss":"please put","reading":"いれ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"please put"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please put"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp3.10.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp3.11","source":"げたは 何で こしらえた 物ですか。","translation":"What are geta made of?","reading":"げたはなんでこしらえたものですか。","words":[{"text":"げた","gloss":"wooden clogs"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"こしらえ","gloss":"make"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp3.11.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp3.12","source":"げたは 木で こしらえた 物です。","translation":"Geta are things made of wood.","reading":"げたはきでこしらえたものです。","words":[{"text":"げた","gloss":"wooden clogs"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"木","gloss":"wood","reading":"き"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"こしらえ","gloss":"make"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp3.12.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp3.13","source":"あなたは 習った かん字を みんな おぼえて いますか。","translation":"Do you remember all the kanji you learned?","reading":"あなたはならったかんじをみんなおぼえていますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"みんな","gloss":"all"},{"text":"おぼえ","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"て","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"い","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp3.13.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp3.14","source":"はい、 みんな おぼえて います。","translation":"Yes, I remember them all.","reading":"はい、みんなおぼえています。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"みんな","gloss":"all"},{"text":"おぼえ","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"て","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"い","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"remember"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp3.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"木","gloss":"tree, wood"},{"word":"鉄","gloss":"steel, iron"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"くつ下","gloss":"socks, stocking"},{"word":"ましょう","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ください。","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"げた","gloss":"wooden clogs"},{"word":"みんな","gloss":"all"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Redoing and replacing things · Perception drill, Block 4","teaching":[{"title":"Two verbs form one action","paragraphs":["*書きかえる* means \"to rewrite.\"","A second verb attaches to a verb stem to form one compound verb."]},{"title":"Change or do again","paragraphs":["*その 言葉は あまり むずかしいから、 やさしい 言葉に 言いかえて ください* asks for a difficult word to be replaced with an easy one.","In *言いかえる*, *かえる* adds change. In *やりかえる*, it expresses doing the action again."]}],"lines":[{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp4.01","source":"よう服に 着かえる。","translation":"To change into a suit.","reading":"ようふくにきかえる。","words":[{"text":"よう","gloss":"suit"},{"text":"服","gloss":"suit","reading":"ふく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"着かえる。","gloss":"change into","reading":"きかえる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp4.01.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp4.02","source":"(に)はきかえる","translation":"to change into","reading":"(に)はきかえる","words":[{"text":"(に)","gloss":"into"},{"text":"は","gloss":"change into"},{"text":"きかえる","gloss":"change into"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp4.02.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp4.03","source":"書きかえる","translation":"to rewrite","reading":"かきかえる","words":[{"text":"書きかえる","gloss":"rewrite","reading":"かきかえる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp4.03.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp4.04","source":"言いかえる","translation":"to rephrase","reading":"いいかえる","words":[{"text":"言いかえる","gloss":"rephrase","reading":"いいかえる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp4.04.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp4.05","source":"やりかえる","translation":"to redo","reading":"やりかえる","words":[{"text":"やりかえる","gloss":"redo"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp4.05.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp4.06","source":"包みかえる","translation":"to rewrap","reading":"つつみかえる","words":[{"text":"包みかえる","gloss":"rewrap","reading":"つつみかえる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp4.06.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp4.07","source":"その 手紙は 書きかえる 方が いいですよ。","translation":"You had better rewrite that letter.","reading":"そのてがみはかきかえるほうがいいですよ。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letter","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"書きかえる","gloss":"rewrite","reading":"かきかえる"},{"text":"方","gloss":"way","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp4.07.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp4.08","source":"そうですか。 では、 そうしましょう。","translation":"Is that so? Then I will do that.","reading":"そうですか。では、そうしましょう。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that way"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"that way"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"will do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp4.08.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp4.09","source":"その 言葉は あまり むずかしいから、 やさしい 言葉に 言いかえて ください。","translation":"That word is too difficult, so please replace it with an easy word.","reading":"そのことばはあまりむずかしいから、やさしいことばにいいかえてください。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"言葉","gloss":"word","reading":"ことば"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"too"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"言葉","gloss":"word","reading":"ことば"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"言いかえ","gloss":"please replace","reading":"いいかえ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"please replace"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please replace"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp4.09.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp4.10","source":"はい、 かしこまりました。","translation":"Yes, certainly.","reading":"はい、かしこまりました。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"かしこまり","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp4.10.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp4.11","source":"それは あまり 上手に 出来ていませんね。 やりかえなさい。","translation":"That is not done very well, is it? Do it over.","reading":"それはあまりじょうずにできていませんね。やりかえなさい。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"well","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"is not done","reading":"でき"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is not done"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is not done"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"is not done"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"is not done"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"やりかえ","gloss":"do it over"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"do it over"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp4.11.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp4.12","source":"はい、 やりかえます。","translation":"Yes, I will do it over.","reading":"はい、やりかえます。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"やりかえ","gloss":"do over"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp4.12.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"着かえる。","gloss":"to change clothes (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"手紙","gloss":"letter (correspondence)"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"word":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"word":"上手","gloss":"skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Describing gradual changes · Perception drill, Block 5","teaching":[{"title":"A change toward now","paragraphs":["*この頃は さむくなって 来ましたね* means \"It has been getting colder lately, hasn't it?\"","*なって 来ます* after the changed ending of an I-adjective presents a gradual change developing toward now."]},{"title":"A change from now on","paragraphs":["*大きくなって 行きます* means \"It will keep getting bigger.\"","*なって 行きます* presents an expected change continuing into the future."]}],"lines":[{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp5.01","source":"いそがしくなって 来ます。","translation":"It gets busy.","reading":"いそがしくなってきます。","words":[{"text":"いそがしく","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"is getting"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is getting"},{"text":"来","gloss":"is getting","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is getting"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp5.01.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp5.02","source":"さむくなって 来ます。","translation":"It is getting colder.","reading":"さむくなってきます。","words":[{"text":"さむく","gloss":"colder"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"is getting"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is getting"},{"text":"来","gloss":"is getting","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is getting"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp5.02.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp5.03","source":"あつくなって 来ます。","translation":"It is getting hotter.","reading":"あつくなってきます。","words":[{"text":"あつく","gloss":"hotter"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"is getting"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is getting"},{"text":"来","gloss":"is getting","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is getting"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp5.03.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp5.04","source":"むずかしくなって 来ます。","translation":"It is getting more difficult.","reading":"むずかしくなってきます。","words":[{"text":"むずかしく","gloss":"more difficult"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"is getting"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is getting"},{"text":"来","gloss":"is getting","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is getting"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp5.04.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp5.05","source":"大きくなって 行きます。","translation":"It will keep getting bigger.","reading":"おおきくなっていきます。","words":[{"text":"大きく","gloss":"bigger","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"keep getting"},{"text":"て","gloss":"keep getting"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"keep getting","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"keep getting"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp5.05.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp5.06","source":"この頃は さむくなって 来ましたね。","translation":"It has been getting colder lately, hasn’t it?","reading":"このごろはさむくなってきましたね。","words":[{"text":"この頃","gloss":"lately"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さむく","gloss":"colder"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"been getting"},{"text":"て","gloss":"been getting"},{"text":"来","gloss":"been getting","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp5.06.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp5.07","source":"ええ、 もう 十月ですからね。","translation":"Yes, it is already October, after all.","reading":"ええ、もうじゅうがつですからね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"十","gloss":"October","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"月","gloss":"October","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"after all"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp5.07.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp5.08","source":"日本語は やさしくなって 来ましたか。","translation":"Has Japanese been getting easier?","reading":"にほんごはやさしくなってきましたか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やさしく","gloss":"easier"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"been getting"},{"text":"て","gloss":"been getting"},{"text":"来","gloss":"been getting","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp5.08.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp5.09","source":"いいえ、 ずい分 むずかしくなって 来ました。","translation":"No, it has been getting much more difficult.","reading":"いいえ、ずいぶんむずかしくなってきました。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"much"},{"text":"むずかしく","gloss":"more difficult"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"been getting"},{"text":"て","gloss":"been getting"},{"text":"来","gloss":"been getting","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp5.09.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp5.10","source":"あなたは 日本へ 行ってからも、 日本語の べんきょうを つづけますか。","translation":"Will you continue studying Japanese after you go to Japan?","reading":"あなたはにほんへいってからも、にほんごのべんきょうをつづけますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go"},{"text":"から","gloss":"after"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"also"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つづけ","gloss":"continue"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp5.10.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L033.gp5.11","source":"はい、 日本語の べんきょうを つづけて 行きます。","translation":"Yes, I will continue studying Japanese.","reading":"はい、にほんごのべんきょうをつづけていきます。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つづけ","gloss":"will continue"},{"text":"て","gloss":"will continue"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"will continue","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"will continue"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.gp5.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Things covered in grime · Pattern 1 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"What covers the subject","paragraphs":["*あなたの 日本語は 間ちがいだらけです* means \"Your Japanese is full of mistakes.\"","The suffix *だらけ* follows *間ちがい*, the unwanted thing."]},{"title":"A resulting condition","paragraphs":["*しごと服が あぶらだらけに なりました* means \"My work clothes became covered with grease.\"","Before *なりました*, *だらけ* takes *に* and describes the resulting condition."]}],"lines":[{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt1.m1","source":"手が あぶらだらけに なります。","translation":"The hand will become covered with grease.","reading":"てがあぶらだらけになります。","words":[{"text":"手","gloss":"hand","reading":"て"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あぶら","gloss":"grease"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"covered with"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt1.01","source":"この きょうしつは ごみ だらけ です。","translation":"This classroom is full of dust.","reading":"このきょうしつはごみだらけです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"きょうしつ","gloss":"classroom"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ごみ","gloss":"dust"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"full of"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt1.02","source":"あなたの 日本語は 間ちがいだらけです。","translation":"Your Japanese is full of mistakes.","reading":"あなたのにほんごはまちがいだらけです。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"your"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"間ちがい","gloss":"mistakes","reading":"まちがい"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"full of"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt1.03","source":"しごと服が あぶらだらけに なりました。","translation":"My work clothes became covered with grease.","reading":"しごとふくがあぶらだらけになりました。","words":[{"text":"しごと","gloss":"work clothes"},{"text":"服","gloss":"work clothes","reading":"ふく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あぶら","gloss":"grease"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"covered with"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt1.04","source":"この 道は 草だらけです。","translation":"This road is covered with grass.","reading":"このみちはくさだらけです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"道","gloss":"road","reading":"みち"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"草","gloss":"grass","reading":"くさ"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"covered with"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt1.05","source":"自動車しゅうりこで 働く人は、 手が あぶらだらけに なりますね。","translation":"People who work at auto repair shops get their hands covered with grease, don’t they?","reading":"じどうしゃしゅうりこではたらくひとは、てがあぶらだらけになりますね。","words":[{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"しゅ","gloss":"repair"},{"text":"うり","gloss":"repair"},{"text":"こ","gloss":"shop"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"働く","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらく"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"手","gloss":"hands","reading":"て"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あぶら","gloss":"grease"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"covered with"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt1.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Trash and mistakes everywhere · Pattern 1 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Trash in the trains","paragraphs":["*日本の き車の 中は ごみだらけですね* says that trains in Japan are full of trash.","Here, *ごみ* names the unwanted thing filling the trains."]},{"title":"Mistakes in writing","paragraphs":["*あの 生徒の かん字は 間ちがいだらけです* means \"That student's kanji are full of mistakes.\"","Here, *間ちがい* names what fills the student's writing."]}],"lines":[{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt1.06","source":"ええ、 そうです。","translation":"Yes, that is right.","reading":"ええ、そうです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt1.07","source":"日本の き車の 中は ごみだらけですね。","translation":"The trains in Japan are full of trash, aren’t they?","reading":"にほんのきしゃのなかはごみだらけですね。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"き","gloss":"train"},{"text":"車","gloss":"train","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"中","gloss":"inside","reading":"なか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ごみ","gloss":"trash"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"full of"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt1.08","source":"ええ、 き車の 中で いろいろの 物を たべるからです。","translation":"Yes, that is because people eat all sorts of things on the trains.","reading":"ええ、きしゃのなかでいろいろのものをたべるからです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"き","gloss":"train"},{"text":"車","gloss":"train","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"中","gloss":"inside","reading":"なか"},{"text":"で","gloss":"on"},{"text":"いろいろ","gloss":"various"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべる","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt1.09","source":"あの 生徒は かん字が まずいですね。","translation":"That student is not very good at writing kanji, is he?","reading":"あのせいとはかんじがまずいですね。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"まずい","gloss":"not very good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt1.10","source":"ええ、 あの 生徒の かん字は 間ちがいだらけです。","translation":"No, that student’s kanji are full of mistakes.","reading":"ええ、あのせいとのかんじはまちがいだらけです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"間ちがい","gloss":"mistakes","reading":"まちがい"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"full of"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt1.10.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"き","gloss":"counter for airplanes (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"まずい","gloss":"poor, tasteless"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Sometimes doing everyday things · Pattern 2 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Sometimes the event happens","paragraphs":["*夜も 働くことが あります* means \"There are times when I work at night, too.\"","The ending presents the work as occasional."]},{"title":"Negative and desired events","paragraphs":["*いいえ、 たべないことも あります* means \"No, sometimes I don't eat it.\"","A plain negative or desire form can stand before *ことが あります*, as can an I-adjective."]}],"lines":[{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt2.m1","source":"夜も 働くことが あります。","translation":"There are times when I work at night, too.","reading":"よるもはたらくことがあります。","words":[{"text":"夜","gloss":"night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"働く","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらく"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"times"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt2.01","source":"朝早く さんぽすることがあります。","translation":"There are times when I take a walk early in the morning.","reading":"あさはやくさんぽすることがあります。","words":[{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"さんぽ","gloss":"walk"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"times"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt2.02","source":"モンテレーでも 雪が 降ることがあります。","translation":"Sometimes it snows even in Monterey.","reading":"モンテレーでもゆきがふることがあります。","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"雪","gloss":"snow","reading":"ゆき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"falls","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"times"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt2.03","source":"ある 生徒は べんきょうしないことがあります。","translation":"There are times when a certain student does not study.","reading":"あるせいとはべんきょうしないことがあります。","words":[{"text":"ある","gloss":"a certain"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"times"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt2.04","source":"時々 さかなを たべたいことがあります。","translation":"Sometimes I want to eat fish.","reading":"ときどきさかなをたべたいことがあります。","words":[{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"times"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt2.05","source":"夏でも さむいことが あります。","translation":"Sometimes it is cold even in summer.","reading":"なつでもさむいことがあります。","words":[{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"times"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt2.05.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt2.06","source":"あなたは いつも 朝めしを たべますか。","translation":"Do you always eat breakfast?","reading":"あなたはいつもあさめしをたべますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"朝めし","gloss":"breakfast","reading":"あさめし"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt2.07","source":"いいえ、 たべないことも あります。","translation":"No, sometimes I don't eat it.","reading":"いいえ、たべないこともあります。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"times"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt2.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"朝","gloss":"morning"},{"word":"さんぽ","gloss":"strolling"},{"word":"雪","gloss":"snow"},{"word":"降る","gloss":"to fall (rain) (v.i.)"},{"word":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"word":"夏","gloss":"summer"},{"word":"朝めし","gloss":"breakfast"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Occasional weather and routines · Pattern 2 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Occasional routines","paragraphs":["*あなたは 学校へ 子供を つれて 行くことが ありますか* asks whether someone ever takes children to school.","An answer repeats the event with *ことが あります* to say that it sometimes happens."]},{"title":"Occasional health and weather","paragraphs":["*時々 かぜを ひくことが あります* means \"Sometimes I catch a cold.\"","*時々 ずい分 あついことが あります* says that it sometimes gets very hot."]}],"lines":[{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt2.08","source":"あなたは いつも 元気ですか。","translation":"Are you always well?","reading":"あなたはいつもげんきですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"元気","gloss":"well","reading":"げんき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt2.09","source":"いいえ、 時々 かぜを ひくことが あります。","translation":"No, sometimes I catch a cold.","reading":"いいえ、ときどきかぜをひくことがあります。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"a cold"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ひく","gloss":"catch"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"times"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt2.10","source":"モンテレーは すずしい 所ですね。","translation":"Monterey is a cool place, isn't it?","reading":"モンテレーはすずしいところですね。","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"すずしい","gloss":"cool"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt2.11","source":"ええ。 でも、 時々 ずい分 あついことが あります。","translation":"Yes, but sometimes it gets very hot.","reading":"ええ。でも、ときどきずいぶんあついことがあります。","words":[{"text":"ええ。","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"very","reading":"ずいぶん"},{"text":"あつい","gloss":"hot"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"times"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt2.11.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt2.12","source":"あなたは 学校へ 子供を つれて 行くことが ありますか。","translation":"Do you ever take your children to school?","reading":"あなたはがっこうへこどもをつれていくことがありますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"take along","reading":"いく"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"times"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt2.12.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt2.13","source":"学校へ 子供を つれて 行くことが あります。","translation":"Sometimes I take my children to school.","reading":"がっこうへこどもをつれていくことがあります。","words":[{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"take along","reading":"いく"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"times"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt2.13.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt2.14","source":"休みます。","translation":"I rest.","reading":"やすみます。","words":[{"text":"休み","gloss":"rest","reading":"やすみ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt2.14.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt2.15","source":"かぶります。","translation":"I put it on.","reading":"かぶります。","words":[{"text":"かぶり","gloss":"put on"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt2.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"すずしい","gloss":"cool"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"},{"word":"ええ。","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"あつい","gloss":"hot"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Verb forms for occasional events · Pattern 2 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Conditions and desires","paragraphs":["*あつい* means \"It is hot.\" *行きたい* means \"I want to go.\"","Before *ことが あります*, these plain forms present an occasional condition or desire."]},{"title":"Affirmative and negative actions","paragraphs":["*べんきょうします* means \"I study.\" *働きません* means \"I don't work.\"","An occasional action takes the dictionary form or plain negative before *ことが あります*."]}],"lines":[{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt2.16","source":"おきません。","translation":"I don't get up.","reading":"おきません。","words":[{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt2.16.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt2.17","source":"たべません。","translation":"I don't eat.","reading":"たべません。","words":[{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt2.17.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt2.18","source":"あつい。","translation":"It is hot.","reading":"あつい。","words":[{"text":"あつい。","gloss":"hot"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt2.18.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt2.19","source":"出します。","translation":"I take it out.","reading":"だします。","words":[{"text":"出し","gloss":"take out","reading":"だし"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt2.19.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt2.20","source":"べんきょうします。","translation":"I study.","reading":"べんきょうします。","words":[{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt2.20.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt2.21","source":"あったかい。","translation":"It is warm.","reading":"あったかい。","words":[{"text":"あったかい。","gloss":"warm"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt2.21.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt2.22","source":"働きません。","translation":"I don't work.","reading":"はたらきません。","words":[{"text":"働き","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt2.22.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt2.23","source":"行きたい。","translation":"I want to go.","reading":"いきたい。","words":[{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"たい。","gloss":"want to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt2.23.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"あつい。","gloss":"hot"},{"word":"あったかい。","gloss":"warm"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Describing people and things · Pattern 3 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A condition before a noun","paragraphs":["*あの人は よごれた くつを はいています* means \"He is wearing dirty shoes.\"","The plain past *よごれた* before *くつ* describes their present condition."]},{"title":"A completed action before a noun","paragraphs":["*昨日 読んだ 本は とても よかった* means \"The book I read yesterday was very good.\"","The plain past *読んだ* identifies *本* through the completed action."]}],"lines":[{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt3.m1","source":"あの人は よごれた くつを はいています。","translation":"He is wearing dirty shoes.","reading":"あのひとはよごれたくつをはいています。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よごれ","gloss":"dirty"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はい","gloss":"is wearing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is wearing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is wearing"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is wearing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt3.m1.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt3.01","source":"つかれた人は 休んでいます。","translation":"The tired person is resting.","reading":"つかれたひとはやすんでいます。","words":[{"text":"つか","gloss":"get tired"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"get tired"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"休ん","gloss":"is resting","reading":"やすん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is resting"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is resting"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is resting"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt3.01.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt3.02","source":"着物を 着た 女の人は きれいです。","translation":"The woman wearing a kimono is pretty.","reading":"きものをきたおんなのひとはきれいです。","words":[{"text":"着物","gloss":"kimono","reading":"きもの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"着","gloss":"wear","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"女","gloss":"female","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt3.02.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt3.03","source":"あの 生徒は 習った かん字を みんな おぼえています。","translation":"That student remembers all the kanji he learned.","reading":"あのせいとはならったかんじをみんなおぼえています。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"みんな","gloss":"all"},{"text":"おぼえ","gloss":"remembers"},{"text":"て","gloss":"remembers"},{"text":"い","gloss":"remembers"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"remembers"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt3.03.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt3.04","source":"よう服を 買って、 のこった お金で くつを 買いました。","translation":"I bought some clothes, and with the money left over I bought some shoes.","reading":"ようふくをかって、のこったおかねでくつをかいました。","words":[{"text":"よう","gloss":"clothes"},{"text":"服","gloss":"clothes","reading":"ふく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"のこっ","gloss":"remain"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"お","gloss":"money"},{"text":"金","gloss":"money","reading":"かね"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt3.04.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt3.05","source":"昨日 読んだ 本は とても よかった。","translation":"The book I read yesterday was very good.","reading":"きのうよんだほんはとてもよかった。","words":[{"text":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday","reading":"きのう"},{"text":"読ん","gloss":"read","reading":"よん"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"good"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt3.05.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt3.06","source":"あなたは あの よごれた ぼうしを かぶった 人を 知っていますか。","translation":"Do you know that person wearing the dirty hat?","reading":"あなたはあのよごれたぼうしをかぶったひとをしっていますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"よごれ","gloss":"get dirty"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ぼうし","gloss":"hat"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かぶっ","gloss":"put on"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"知っ","gloss":"know","reading":"しっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"know"},{"text":"い","gloss":"know"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"know"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt3.06.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt3.07","source":"はい、 知っています。 あの人は 自動車の しゅうりこうです。","translation":"Yes, I know him; he is an auto repairman.","reading":"はい、しっています。あのひとはじどうしゃのしゅうりこうです。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"知っ","gloss":"know","reading":"しっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"know"},{"text":"い","gloss":"know"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"know"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"りこう","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt3.07.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt3.08","source":"べんきょうで つかれた 時には どうしますか。","translation":"What do you do when you are tired from studying?","reading":"べんきょうでつかれたときにはどうしますか。","words":[{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"studying"},{"text":"で","gloss":"from"},{"text":"つか","gloss":"get tired"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"get tired"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt3.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"女","gloss":"female"},{"word":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"とても","gloss":"very, indeed"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Past forms before nouns · Pattern 3 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Made of wood","paragraphs":["*この頃 木で こしらえた はしが ありますか* asks whether any bridges are made of wood these days.","In *木で こしらえた はし*, the plain past *こしらえた* stands before the noun it describes."]},{"title":"Conditions and completed actions","paragraphs":["*書いた*, *つかれた*, *よごれた*, and *読んだ* can stand before nouns to identify them.","*--だらけになった* adds the completed change \"became covered with --.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt3.09","source":"テレビを 見たり、 さんぽに 出かけたり します。","translation":"I watch television or go out for a walk.","reading":"テレビをみたり、さんぽにでかけたりします。","words":[{"text":"テレビ","gloss":"television"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"watch","reading":"み"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"or"},{"text":"さんぽ","gloss":"walk"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"出かけ","gloss":"go out","reading":"でかけ"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"or"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt3.09.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt3.10","source":"この頃 木で こしらえた はしが ありますか。","translation":"Are there any bridges made of wood these days?","reading":"このごろきでこしらえたはしがありますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"these days","reading":"ごろ"},{"text":"木","gloss":"wood","reading":"き"},{"text":"で","gloss":"of"},{"text":"こしらえ","gloss":"make"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"はし","gloss":"bridges"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt3.10.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt3.11","source":"時々 ありますが、 大抵 鉄で こしらえます。","translation":"There are sometimes, but they are usually made of iron.","reading":"ときどきありますが、たいていてつでこしらえます。","words":[{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"鉄","gloss":"iron","reading":"てつ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"of"},{"text":"こしらえ","gloss":"make"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt3.11.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt3.12","source":"書いた","translation":"Wrote.","reading":"かいた","words":[{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt3.12.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt3.13","source":"つかれた","translation":"Got tired.","reading":"つかれた","words":[{"text":"つか","gloss":"get tired"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"get tired"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt3.13.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt3.14","source":"よごれた","translation":"Got dirty.","reading":"よごれた","words":[{"text":"よごれ","gloss":"get dirty"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt3.14.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt3.15","source":"読んだ","translation":"Read.","reading":"よんだ","words":[{"text":"読ん","gloss":"read","reading":"よん"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt3.15.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt3.16","source":"--だらけになった","translation":"Became covered with --.","reading":"--だらけになった","words":[{"text":"--","gloss":"something"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"covered with"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt3.16.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"テレビ","gloss":"television"},{"word":"頃","gloss":"approximate point of time (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Beginning, finishing and changing · Pattern 4 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Beginning an action","paragraphs":["*雨が 降り はじめました* means \"It began to rain.\"","The compound *降り はじめました* joins a verb stem to a second verb. Here, *はじめました* adds beginning."]},{"title":"Finishing and changing","paragraphs":["*もう その本を 読み おわりましたか* asks whether someone has finished reading it.","*おわる* adds finishing, while *かえる* adds changing, as in *着 かえる*."]}],"lines":[{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt4.01","source":"着 かえる","translation":"to change clothes","reading":"きかえる","words":[{"text":"着","gloss":"change clothes","reading":"き"},{"text":"かえる","gloss":"change clothes"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt4.01.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt4.02","source":"読み はじめる","translation":"to begin to read","reading":"よみはじめる","words":[{"text":"読み","gloss":"read","reading":"よみ"},{"text":"はじめる","gloss":"begin"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt4.02.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt4.03","source":"たべ おわる","translation":"to finish eating","reading":"たべおわる","words":[{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"おわる","gloss":"finish"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt4.03.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt4.04","source":"家へ かえると、 くつを はきかえます。","translation":"When I get home, I change my shoes.","reading":"いえへかえると、くつをはきかえます。","words":[{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"かえる","gloss":"return home"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はきかえ","gloss":"change"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt4.04.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt4.05","source":"雨が 降り はじめました。","translation":"It began to rain.","reading":"あめがふりはじめました。","words":[{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"fall","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"はじめ","gloss":"begin"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt4.05.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt4.06","source":"さくらの 花が さきはじめました。","translation":"The cherry blossoms have begun to bloom.","reading":"さくらのはながさきはじめました。","words":[{"text":"さくら","gloss":"cherry blossoms"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"花","gloss":"flowers","reading":"はな"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"さき","gloss":"bloom"},{"text":"はじめ","gloss":"begin"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt4.06.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt4.07","source":"もう その本を 読み おわりましたか。","translation":"Have you finished reading that book yet?","reading":"もうそのほんをよみおわりましたか。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読み","gloss":"read","reading":"よみ"},{"text":"おわり","gloss":"finish"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt4.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"はじめる","gloss":"to begin, to start (v.t)"},{"word":"おわる","gloss":"ends (v.i.)"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"はじめ","gloss":"beginning"},{"word":"おわり","gloss":"end"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Changing clothes and starting young · Pattern 4 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Finishing and doing again","paragraphs":["*ひるめしを たべおわった 人* means people who have finished eating lunch.","*この小包を もっと じょうぶな 紙で 包みなおして ください* asks for the package to be rewrapped in stronger paper.","The second verb adds finishing in *たべおわった* and doing again in *包みなおして*."]},{"title":"Changing and beginning","paragraphs":["*服を 着かえて、 くつを はきかえます* describes changing clothes and shoes.","*三つの 時から 使いはじめました* means \"I began using them when I was three.\"","The second verb adds changing in *着かえて* and beginning in *使いはじめました*."]}],"lines":[{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt4.08","source":"ひるめしを たべおわった 人は、 そとに 出ても いいです。","translation":"Those who have finished eating lunch may go outside.","reading":"ひるめしをたべおわったひとは、そとにでてもいいです。","words":[{"text":"ひるめし","gloss":"lunch"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たべ","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"おわっ","gloss":"finish"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"そと","gloss":"outside"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"出","gloss":"go out","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"okay"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt4.08.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt4.09","source":"この小包を もっと じょうぶな 紙で 包みなおして ください。","translation":"Please rewrap this package in stronger paper.","reading":"このこづつみをもっとじょうぶなかみでつつみなおしてください。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"小包","gloss":"package","reading":"こづつみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もっと","gloss":"more"},{"text":"じょうぶ","gloss":"stronger"},{"text":"な","gloss":"stronger"},{"text":"紙","gloss":"paper","reading":"かみ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"包み","gloss":"wrap","reading":"つつみ"},{"text":"なおし","gloss":"again"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt4.09.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt4.10","source":"はい、 かしこまりました。","translation":"Yes, certainly.","reading":"はい、かしこまりました。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"かしこまり","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt4.10.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt4.11","source":"あなたは 家へ かえってから、 服を 着かえますか。","translation":"Do you change your clothes after you get home?","reading":"あなたはいえへかえってから、ふくをきかえますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"かえっ","gloss":"return home"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"after"},{"text":"服","gloss":"clothes","reading":"ふく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"着かえ","gloss":"change","reading":"きかえ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt4.11.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt4.12","source":"はい、 服を 着かえて、 くつを はきかえます。","translation":"Yes, I change my clothes and change my shoes.","reading":"はい、ふくをきかえて、くつをはきかえます。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"服","gloss":"clothes","reading":"ふく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"着かえ","gloss":"change","reading":"きかえ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はきかえ","gloss":"change"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt4.12.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt4.13","source":"あなたは いつ頃から はしを 使いはじめましたか。","translation":"About how old were you when you began using chopsticks?","reading":"あなたはいつごろからはしをつかいはじめましたか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ頃","gloss":"about what age"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"はし","gloss":"chopsticks"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"使い","gloss":"use","reading":"つかい"},{"text":"はじめ","gloss":"begin"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt4.13.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt4.14","source":"三つの 時から 使いはじめました。","translation":"I began using them when I was three.","reading":"みっつのときからつかいはじめました。","words":[{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"みっ"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"three"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"時","gloss":"age","reading":"とき"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"使い","gloss":"use","reading":"つかい"},{"text":"はじめ","gloss":"begin"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt4.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ひるめし","gloss":"lunch, noon meal"},{"word":"そと","gloss":"outside"},{"word":"小包","gloss":"parcel, small package"},{"word":"もっと","gloss":"more (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Verbs joined to other verbs · Pattern 4 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Verbs that can form compounds","paragraphs":["*読む* means \"Read.\" *書く* means \"Write.\"","Each verb can supply the first part of a compound action."]},{"title":"Actions for the first part","paragraphs":["*歩く*, *おしえる*, and *話す* mean \"Walk,\" \"Teach,\" and \"Speak.\"","The first verb names the main action. The second verb adds beginning, finishing, changing, or repetition."]}],"lines":[{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt4.15","source":"べんきょうする","translation":"Study.","reading":"べんきょうする","words":[{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt4.15.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt4.16","source":"読む","translation":"Read.","reading":"よむ","words":[{"text":"読む","gloss":"read","reading":"よむ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt4.16.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt4.17","source":"歩く","translation":"Walk.","reading":"あるく","words":[{"text":"歩く","gloss":"walk","reading":"あるく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt4.17.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt4.18","source":"おしえる","translation":"Teach.","reading":"おしえる","words":[{"text":"おしえる","gloss":"teach"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt4.18.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt4.19","source":"話す","translation":"Speak.","reading":"はなす","words":[{"text":"話す","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなす"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt4.19.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt4.20","source":"書く","translation":"Write.","reading":"かく","words":[{"text":"書く","gloss":"write","reading":"かく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt4.20.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt4.21","source":"着る","translation":"Put on.","reading":"きる","words":[{"text":"着る","gloss":"put on","reading":"きる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt4.21.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Changes already underway · Pattern 5 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Changes underway","paragraphs":["*いそがしくなって 来ました* means \"It has become busy.\"","The ending *なって 来ました* presents a change that has developed toward now."]},{"title":"Different changing qualities","paragraphs":["*子供たちは 大きく なって 来ました* says the children have been getting bigger.","*あの人の かおが あかく なって 来ました* says that person's face has been turning red."]}],"lines":[{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt5.m1","source":"いそがしくなって 来ました。","translation":"It has become busy.","reading":"いそがしくなってきました。","words":[{"text":"いそがしく","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt5.m1.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt5.01","source":"この頃は あったかく なって 来ました。","translation":"It has been getting warmer lately.","reading":"このごろはあったかくなってきました。","words":[{"text":"この頃","gloss":"lately"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あったかく","gloss":"warmer"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt5.01.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt5.02","source":"日本語が やさしく なって 来ました。","translation":"Japanese has been getting easier.","reading":"にほんごがやさしくなってきました。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"やさしく","gloss":"easier"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt5.02.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt5.03","source":"子供たちは 大きく なって 来ました。","translation":"The children have been getting bigger.","reading":"こどもたちはおおきくなってきました。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"children"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大きく","gloss":"bigger","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt5.03.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt5.04","source":"あの人の かおが あかく なって 来ました。","translation":"That person's face has been turning red.","reading":"あのひとのかおがあかくなってきました。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"かお","gloss":"face"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あかく","gloss":"red"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt5.04.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt5.05","source":"あの人は この頃 少し わかく なって 来ましたね。","translation":"That person has been looking a little younger lately, hasn't he?","reading":"あのひとはこのごろすこしわかくなってきましたね。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この頃","gloss":"lately","reading":"このごろ"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"わかく","gloss":"younger"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt5.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"かお","gloss":"face"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Weather, studies and longer days · Pattern 5 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A change toward now","paragraphs":["*この頃 日が 長く なって 来ましたね* means \"The days have been getting longer lately, haven't they?\"","*なって 来ました* presents the increase in daylight as a change developing up to now."]},{"title":"A change from now on","paragraphs":["*今から だんだん 日が 長く なって 行きます* means \"the days will gradually get longer from now on.\"","*なって 行きます* presents the change as continuing into the future."]}],"lines":[{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt5.06","source":"さむく なって 来ましたから、 多くの人が かぜを ひくでしょうね。","translation":"Since it has been getting colder, many people will probably catch colds, won't they?","reading":"さむくなってきましたから、おおくのひとがかぜをひくでしょうね。","words":[{"text":"さむく","gloss":"colder"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ひく","gloss":"catch"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt5.06.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt5.07","source":"ええ、 今年は とくべつ さむいですからね。","translation":"Yes, because it is especially cold this year.","reading":"ええ、ことしはとくべつさむいですからね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"今年","gloss":"this year","reading":"ことし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"とくべつ","gloss":"especially"},{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt5.07.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt5.08","source":"この頃 べんきょうが いそがしく なって 来たでしょう。","translation":"Your studies have been getting busier lately, haven't they?","reading":"このごろべんきょうがいそがしくなってきたでしょう。","words":[{"text":"この頃","gloss":"lately"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"studies"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いそがしく","gloss":"busier"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt5.08.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt5.09","source":"ええ、 とても。","translation":"Yes, very much so.","reading":"ええ、とても。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"とても。","gloss":"very much"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt5.09.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt5.10","source":"この頃 日が 長く なって 来ましたね。","translation":"The days have been getting longer lately, haven’t they?","reading":"このごろひがながくなってきましたね。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"lately"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"lately","reading":"ごろ"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"長く","gloss":"longer","reading":"ながく"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt5.10.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"ja.dli.L033.pt5.11","source":"ええ、 今から だんだん 日が 長く なって 行きます。","translation":"Yes, the days will gradually get longer from now on.","reading":"ええ、いまからだんだんひがながくなっていきます。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"だんだん","gloss":"gradually"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"長く","gloss":"longer","reading":"ながく"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.pt5.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"今年","gloss":"this year"},{"word":"とても。","gloss":"very, indeed"},{"word":"だんだん","gloss":"gradually, step by step"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Growing auto repair work · Reading Selection 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"More cars and more work","paragraphs":["Mr. Yamada works eight hours each day and works more when business is busy.","*自動車が 大へん ふえて 来ましたから、 自動車を しゅうりする しごとも ふえ* links more automobiles with more repair work.","The form *ふえて 来ました* presents a change developing toward now."]}],"lines":[{"number":159,"id":"ja.dli.L033.rd.001","source":"山田さんは 自動車の しゅうりこうです。","translation":"Mr. Yamada is an auto repairman.","reading":"やまださんはじどうしゃのしゅうりこうです。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"りこう","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"ja.dli.L033.rd.002","source":"朝早く","translation":"Early in the morning,","reading":"あさはやく","words":[{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"ja.dli.L033.rd.003","source":"家を 出て、 町の 大きな 自動車 しゅうりこへ しごとに 行き","translation":"he leaves home and goes to work at a large auto repair shop in town.","reading":"いえをでて、まちのおおきなじどうしゃしゅうりこへしごとにいき","words":[{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出","gloss":"leave","reading":"で"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car"},{"text":"しゅ","gloss":"repair shop"},{"text":"うり","gloss":"repair shop"},{"text":"こ","gloss":"repair shop"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"しごと","gloss":"work"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"ja.dli.L033.rd.004","source":"ます。","translation":"He does.","reading":"ます。","words":[{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"ja.dli.L033.rd.005","source":"毎日 八時間ずつ 働きますが、 いそがしい 時には","translation":"He works eight hours every day, but when it is busy,","reading":"まいにちはちじかんずつはたらきますが、いそがしいときには","words":[{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eight","reading":"はち"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"ずつ","gloss":"each"},{"text":"働き","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"時","gloss":"when","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"ja.dli.L033.rd.006","source":"もっと 働きます。","translation":"he works more.","reading":"もっとはたらきます。","words":[{"text":"もっと","gloss":"more"},{"text":"働き","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":165,"id":"ja.dli.L033.rd.007","source":"日本では、 この頃 自動車が 大へん","translation":"In Japan, the number of automobiles has greatly","reading":"にほんでは、このごろじどうしゃがたいへん","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この頃","gloss":"lately"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大へん","gloss":"greatly","reading":"たいへん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":166,"id":"ja.dli.L033.rd.008","source":"ふえて 来ましたから、 自動車を しゅうりする しごとも ふえ","translation":"increased lately, so the amount of work repairing automobiles has also increased.","reading":"ふえてきましたから、じどうしゃをしゅうりするしごともふえ","words":[{"text":"ふえ","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"しゅ","gloss":"repair"},{"text":"うり","gloss":"repair"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"しごと","gloss":"work"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ふえ","gloss":"increase"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.rd.008.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"word":"時間","gloss":"hour, time"},{"word":"ずつ","gloss":"each (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"word":"大へん","gloss":"very"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Repair work, grime and colds · Reading Selection 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Grease and dirty clothes","paragraphs":["Repairmen work on a cold floor, so grease and dirt cover their clothes and hands.","In *服や 手が あぶらや ごみだらけに なります*, *だらけ* follows the unwanted substances."]},{"title":"Cold weather and health","paragraphs":["They change soiled clothes and clean their hands and bodies before going home.","*さむく なって 来ると、 かぜを ひく 人が 多く なります* links colder weather with more people catching colds."]}],"lines":[{"number":167,"id":"ja.dli.L033.rd.009","source":"自動車しゅうりこうは 自動車を つめたい ゆかの上で","translation":"Auto repairmen work on automobiles on a cold floor,","reading":"じどうしゃしゅうりこうはじどうしゃをつめたいゆかのうえで","words":[{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"しゅ","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"う","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"りこう","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つめ","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"ゆか","gloss":"floor"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"上","gloss":"top","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"on"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":168,"id":"ja.dli.L033.rd.010","source":"なおすのですから、 服や 手が あぶらや ごみだらけに","translation":"so their clothes and hands become covered with grease and dirt.","reading":"なおすのですから、ふくやてがあぶらやごみだらけに","words":[{"text":"なおす","gloss":"repair"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"服","gloss":"clothes","reading":"ふく"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"手","gloss":"hands","reading":"て"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あぶら","gloss":"grease"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ごみ","gloss":"dirt"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"covered with"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":169,"id":"ja.dli.L033.rd.011","source":"なります。","translation":"They do.","reading":"なります。","words":[{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"ja.dli.L033.rd.012","source":"それですから、 しごとを おわって 家へ かえる","translation":"Therefore, after finishing work and before going home,","reading":"それですから、しごとをおわっていえへかえる","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"しごと","gloss":"work"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おわっ","gloss":"finish"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"かえる","gloss":"go home"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.rd.012.m4a"},{"number":171,"id":"ja.dli.L033.rd.013","source":"前に よごれた 服を 着かえたり、 手や 体を きれいに しなければ","translation":"they must change their dirty clothes and clean their hands and bodies.","reading":"まえによごれたふくをきかえたり、てやからだをきれいにしなければ","words":[{"text":"前","gloss":"before","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"よごれ","gloss":"dirty"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"服","gloss":"clothes","reading":"ふく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"着かえ","gloss":"change","reading":"きかえ"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"手","gloss":"hands","reading":"て"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"体","gloss":"bodies","reading":"からだ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"clean"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.rd.013.m4a"},{"number":172,"id":"ja.dli.L033.rd.014","source":"なりません。","translation":"They must.","reading":"なりません。","words":[{"text":"なり","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"must"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.rd.014.m4a"},{"number":173,"id":"ja.dli.L033.rd.015","source":"つめたい ゆかの上で 働くのは 体に わるいです。","translation":"Working on a cold floor is bad for the health.","reading":"つめたいゆかのうえではたらくのはからだにわるいです。","words":[{"text":"つめたい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"ゆか","gloss":"floor"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"上","gloss":"top","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"on"},{"text":"働く","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"体","gloss":"health","reading":"からだ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"わるい","gloss":"bad"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.rd.015.m4a"},{"number":174,"id":"ja.dli.L033.rd.016","source":"ですから、 さむく なって 来ると、 かぜを ひく 人が 多く なります。","translation":"Therefore, when it starts getting cold, more people catch colds.","reading":"ですから、さむくなってくると、かぜをひくひとがおおくなります。","words":[{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"さむく","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"come","reading":"くる"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ひく","gloss":"catch"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.rd.016.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"なおす","gloss":"to correct, mend, repair (v.t.)"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"つめたい","gloss":"cold (not weather)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Health, skill and wages · Reading Selection 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Health, skill, and wages","paragraphs":["Mr. Yamada sometimes catches a cold, but he usually recovers quickly because he is healthy.","In *山田さんも たまに かぜを ひくことが ありますが、 ふつう 元気です*, *ことが あります* presents an occasional event.","He teaches other repairmen and receives a better salary, about two thousand yen each day."]}],"lines":[{"number":175,"id":"ja.dli.L033.rd.017","source":"山田さんも たまに かぜを ひくことが ありますが、 ふつう 元気です","translation":"Mr. Yamada also catches a cold occasionally, but he is usually healthy,","reading":"やまださんもたまにかぜをひくことがありますが、ふつうげんきです","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"たまに","gloss":"occasionally"},{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ひく","gloss":"catch"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"occasion"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"happen"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ふつう","gloss":"usually"},{"text":"元気","gloss":"healthy","reading":"げんき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.rd.017.m4a"},{"number":176,"id":"ja.dli.L033.rd.018","source":"から、 かぜを ひいても すぐ なおります。","translation":"so even when he catches a cold, he gets well right away.","reading":"から、かぜをひいてもすぐなおります。","words":[{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ひい","gloss":"catch"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"right away"},{"text":"なおり","gloss":"recover"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.rd.018.m4a"},{"number":177,"id":"ja.dli.L033.rd.019","source":"山田さんは 大へん よい しゅうりこうです。","translation":"Mr. Yamada is a very good repairman.","reading":"やまださんはたいへんよいしゅうりこうです。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大へん","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"りこう","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.rd.019.m4a"},{"number":178,"id":"ja.dli.L033.rd.020","source":"たびたび 外の","translation":"He often has to teach the other","reading":"たびたびほかの","words":[{"text":"たびたび","gloss":"often"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.rd.020.m4a"},{"number":179,"id":"ja.dli.L033.rd.021","source":"しゅうりこうに いろいろの ことを おしえなければ なりません。","translation":"repairmen various things.","reading":"しゅうりこうにいろいろのことをおしえなければなりません。","words":[{"text":"しゅ","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"う","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"りこう","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"いろいろ","gloss":"various"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"things"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おしえ","gloss":"must teach"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must teach"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must teach"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"must teach"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"must teach"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"must teach"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.rd.021.m4a"},{"number":180,"id":"ja.dli.L033.rd.022","source":"それですから、 外の しゅうりこうより もっと よい 給料を もらいます。","translation":"Therefore, he receives a better salary than the other repairmen.","reading":"それですから、ほかのしゅうりこうよりもっとよいきゅうりょうをもらいます。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"りこう","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"もっと","gloss":"more"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"給料","gloss":"salary","reading":"きゅうりょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もらい","gloss":"receive"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.rd.022.m4a"},{"number":181,"id":"ja.dli.L033.rd.023","source":"日給 二千円 ぐらいです。","translation":"His daily wage is about two thousand yen.","reading":"にっきゅうにせんえんぐらいです。","words":[{"text":"日給","gloss":"daily wage","reading":"にっきゅう"},{"text":"二千","gloss":"two thousand","reading":"にせん"},{"text":"円","gloss":"yen","reading":"えん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.rd.023.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"たまに","gloss":"rarely, once in a while"},{"word":"すぐ","gloss":"right away, immediately"},{"word":"たびたび","gloss":"often, frequently"},{"word":"より","gloss":"than (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"日給","gloss":"daily wage"},{"word":"二千","gloss":"2,000"},{"word":"円","gloss":"yen (unit of money)"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Questions about repair work · Questions 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Job, workplace, and hours","paragraphs":["The questions ask for Mr. Yamada's job, workplace, morning schedule, and daily working hours.","*山田さんの しごとは 何ですか* means \"What is Mr. Yamada's job?\"","An answer gives the requested fact from the reading, such as his job as an auto repairman."]}],"lines":[{"number":182,"id":"ja.dli.L033.q.001","source":"ました。","translation":"He did.","reading":"ました。","words":[{"text":"まし","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.q.001.m4a"},{"number":183,"id":"ja.dli.L033.q.002","source":"山田さんの しごとは 何ですか。","translation":"What is Mr. Yamada’s job?","reading":"やまださんのしごとはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"しごと","gloss":"job"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.q.002.m4a"},{"number":184,"id":"ja.dli.L033.q.003","source":"山田さんは 朝おそく おきますか。","translation":"Does Mr. Yamada get up late in the morning?","reading":"やまださんはあさおそくおきますか。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"おそく","gloss":"late"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.q.003.m4a"},{"number":185,"id":"ja.dli.L033.q.004","source":"山田さんは なぜ 朝早く おきますか。","translation":"Why does Mr. Yamada get up early in the morning?","reading":"やまださんはなぜあさはやくおきますか。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.q.004.m4a"},{"number":186,"id":"ja.dli.L033.q.005","source":"山田さんは どこで 働いていますか。","translation":"Where does Mr. Yamada work?","reading":"やまださんはどこではたらいていますか。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"働い","gloss":"works","reading":"はたらい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"works"},{"text":"い","gloss":"works"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"works"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.q.005.m4a"},{"number":187,"id":"ja.dli.L033.q.006","source":"山田さんは 毎日 何時間 働きますか。","translation":"How many hours does Mr. Yamada work every day?","reading":"やまださんはまいにちなんじかんはたらきますか。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"働き","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.q.006.m4a"},{"number":188,"id":"ja.dli.L033.q.007","source":"山田さんは 八時間しか 働きませんか。","translation":"Does Mr. Yamada work only eight hours?","reading":"やまださんははちじかんしかはたらきませんか。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eight","reading":"はち"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"しか","gloss":"only"},{"text":"働き","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.q.007.m4a"},{"number":189,"id":"ja.dli.L033.q.008","source":"日本には 自動車が すくない ですか。","translation":"Are there few automobiles in Japan?","reading":"にほんにはじどうしゃがすくないですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"すくない","gloss":"few"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.q.008.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"なぜ","gloss":"why?"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Questions about grime and health · Questions 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Causes and conditions","paragraphs":["The questions ask why repairmen get dirty and whether cold floors harm their health.","*自動車しゅうりこうは 手が あぶらだらけに なりますか* asks whether repairmen's hands become covered with grease.","An answer states yes or no and gives the relevant fact about their work or health."]}],"lines":[{"number":190,"id":"ja.dli.L033.q.009","source":"自動車を なおす人を 何と 言いますか。","translation":"What do you call a person who repairs automobiles?","reading":"じどうしゃをなおすひとをなんといいますか。","words":[{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃをな"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"なおす","gloss":"repairs"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"call"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.q.009.m4a"},{"number":191,"id":"ja.dli.L033.q.010","source":"物を なおすのは しゅうりですか。","translation":"Is fixing things called repair?","reading":"ものをなおすのはしゅうりですか。","words":[{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"なおす","gloss":"fix"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"しゅ","gloss":"repair"},{"text":"うり","gloss":"repair"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.q.010.m4a"},{"number":192,"id":"ja.dli.L033.q.011","source":"自動車の しゅうりこうは よごれますか。","translation":"Do auto repairmen get dirty?","reading":"じどうしゃのしゅうりこうはよごれますか。","words":[{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"りこう","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よごれ","gloss":"get dirty"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.q.011.m4a"},{"number":193,"id":"ja.dli.L033.q.012","source":"自動車 しゅうりこうは なぜ よごれますか。","translation":"Why do auto repairmen get dirty?","reading":"じどうしゃしゅうりこうはなぜよごれますか。","words":[{"text":"自動","gloss":"auto repairman","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"auto repairman","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"しゅ","gloss":"auto repairman"},{"text":"う","gloss":"auto repairman"},{"text":"りこう","gloss":"auto repairman"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"よごれ","gloss":"get dirty"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.q.012.m4a"},{"number":194,"id":"ja.dli.L033.q.013","source":"自動車しゅうりこうは 手が あぶらだらけに なりますか。","translation":"Do auto repairmen’s hands become covered with grease?","reading":"じどうしゃしゅうりこうはてがあぶらだらけになりますか。","words":[{"text":"自動","gloss":"auto repairman","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"auto repairman","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"しゅ","gloss":"auto repairman"},{"text":"う","gloss":"auto repairman"},{"text":"りこう","gloss":"auto repairman"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"手","gloss":"hands","reading":"て"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あぶら","gloss":"grease"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"covered with"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.q.013.m4a"},{"number":195,"id":"ja.dli.L033.q.014","source":"つめたい ゆかの上で 働くのは 体に わるいですか。","translation":"Is working on a cold floor bad for the health?","reading":"つめたいゆかのうえではたらくのはからだにわるいですか。","words":[{"text":"つめたい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"ゆか","gloss":"floor"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"上","gloss":"top","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"on"},{"text":"働く","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"体","gloss":"health","reading":"からだ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"わるい","gloss":"bad"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.q.014.m4a"},{"number":196,"id":"ja.dli.L033.q.015","source":"自動車の しゅうりこうは 冬には かぜを ひくことが ありますか。","translation":"Do auto repairmen sometimes catch colds in winter?","reading":"じどうしゃのしゅうりこうはふゆにはかぜをひくことがありますか。","words":[{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"りこう","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"冬","gloss":"winter","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ひく","gloss":"catch"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"times"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"occur"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.q.015.m4a"},{"number":197,"id":"ja.dli.L033.q.016","source":"山田さんは たびたび かぜを ひきますか。","translation":"Does Mr. Yamada often catch colds?","reading":"やまださんはたびたびかぜをひきますか。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"たびたび","gloss":"often"},{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ひき","gloss":"catch"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.q.016.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Questions about pay and skill · Questions 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Work clothes and wages","paragraphs":["The questions cover grease-covered clothing, colder months, Mr. Yamada's skill, and his pay.","*一日の 給料を 何と 言いますか* means \"What do you call one day's pay?\"","An answer names the requested fact, such as the term for a daily wage."]}],"lines":[{"number":198,"id":"ja.dli.L033.q.017","source":"しゅうりこうたちは あぶらだらけに なった 服を 着て 家へかえりますか。","translation":"Do the repairmen go home wearing clothes covered with grease?","reading":"しゅうりこうたちはあぶらだらけになったふくをきていえへかえりますか。","words":[{"text":"しゅ","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"う","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"りこう","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あぶら","gloss":"grease"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"covered with"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"服","gloss":"clothes","reading":"ふく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"着","gloss":"wearing","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"wearing"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"かえり","gloss":"return"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.q.017.m4a"},{"number":199,"id":"ja.dli.L033.q.018","source":"さむくなるのは 何月頃ですか。","translation":"About what month does it get cold?","reading":"さむくなるのはなんがつごろですか。","words":[{"text":"さむく","gloss":"get cold"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"get cold"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what"},{"text":"月","gloss":"month"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"about"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.q.018.m4a"},{"number":200,"id":"ja.dli.L033.q.019","source":"山田さんは どんな しゅうりこうですか。","translation":"What kind of repairman is Mr. Yamada?","reading":"やまださんはどんなしゅうりこうですか。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"しゅ","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"う","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"りこう","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.q.019.m4a"},{"number":201,"id":"ja.dli.L033.q.020","source":"山田さんは なぜ 外の しゅうりこうより たかい 給料を もらいますか。","translation":"Why does Mr. Yamada receive a higher salary than the other repairmen?","reading":"やまださんはなぜほかのしゅうりこうよりたかいきゅうりょうをもらいますか。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"りこう","gloss":"repairman"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"たかい","gloss":"higher"},{"text":"給料","gloss":"salary","reading":"きゅうりょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もらい","gloss":"receive"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.q.020.m4a"},{"number":202,"id":"ja.dli.L033.q.021","source":"山田さんは 月給を もらいますか。","translation":"Does Mr. Yamada receive a monthly salary?","reading":"やまださんはげっきゅうをもらいますか。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"月給","gloss":"monthly salary","reading":"げっきゅう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もらい","gloss":"receive"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.q.021.m4a"},{"number":203,"id":"ja.dli.L033.q.022","source":"一日の 給料を 何と 言いますか。","translation":"What do you call one day’s pay?","reading":"いちにちのきゅうりょうをなんといいますか。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"one day","reading":"いち"},{"text":"日","gloss":"one day","reading":"にち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"給料","gloss":"pay","reading":"きゅうりょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"call","reading":"いい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.q.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"たかい","gloss":"expensive"},{"word":"月給","gloss":"monthly wage"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Repair, illness and wages · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Repair work and pay","paragraphs":["These words cover repair work, grime, illness, and several wage periods.","*自動車しゅうりこ* means \"auto repair shop,\" while *しゅうりこう* means \"repairman.\"","*時給*, *日給*, and *週給* mean \"hourly wage,\" \"daily wage,\" and \"weekly wage.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":204,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.001","source":"自動車しゅうりこ","translation":"auto repair shop","reading":"じどうしゃしゅうりこ","words":[{"text":"自動車しゅうりこ","gloss":"auto repair shop","reading":"じどうしゃしゅうりこ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.001.m4a"},{"number":205,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.002","source":"しゅうりこう","translation":"repairman","reading":"しゅうりこう","words":[{"text":"しゅうりこう","gloss":"repairman"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.002.m4a"},{"number":206,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.003","source":"しゅうり","translation":"repair","reading":"しゅうり","words":[{"text":"しゅうり","gloss":"repair"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.003.m4a"},{"number":207,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.004","source":"しごと","translation":"work, job","reading":"しごと","words":[{"text":"しごと","gloss":"work, job"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.004.m4a"},{"number":208,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.005","source":"あぶら","translation":"grease, oil","reading":"あぶら","words":[{"text":"あぶら","gloss":"grease, oil"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.005.m4a"},{"number":209,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.006","source":"ごみ","translation":"trash, dirt","reading":"ごみ","words":[{"text":"ごみ","gloss":"trash, dirt"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.006.m4a"},{"number":210,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.007","source":"びょう気","translation":"sickness, illness","reading":"びょうき","words":[{"text":"びょう気","gloss":"sickness, illness","reading":"びょうき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.007.m4a"},{"number":211,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.008","source":"給料","translation":"wage, salary","reading":"きゅうりょう","words":[{"text":"給料","gloss":"wage, salary","reading":"きゅうりょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.008.m4a"},{"number":212,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.009","source":"時給","translation":"hourly wage","reading":"じきゅう","words":[{"text":"時給","gloss":"hourly wage","reading":"じきゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.009.m4a"},{"number":213,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.010","source":"日給","translation":"daily wage","reading":"にっきゅう","words":[{"text":"日給","gloss":"daily wage","reading":"にっきゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.010.m4a"},{"number":214,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.011","source":"週給","translation":"weekly wage","reading":"しゅうきゅう","words":[{"text":"週給","gloss":"weekly wage","reading":"しゅうきゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.011.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"自動車しゅうりこ","gloss":"auto repair shop"},{"word":"しゅうりこう","gloss":"repairman"},{"word":"しゅうり","gloss":"repair"},{"word":"時給","gloss":"hourly wage"},{"word":"週給","gloss":"weekly wage"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Pay, health and physical changes · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Pay, health, and change","paragraphs":["These words cover longer pay periods, health, changes in the body, and clothing.","*月給* means \"monthly wage,\" and *年ぽう* means \"yearly salary.\"","*よごれた服* means \"soiled suit,\" while *着かえる* means \"to change clothes.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":215,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.012","source":"月給","translation":"monthly wage","reading":"げっきゅう","words":[{"text":"月給","gloss":"monthly wage","reading":"げっきゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.012.m4a"},{"number":216,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.013","source":"年ぽう","translation":"yearly salary","reading":"ねんぽう","words":[{"text":"年ぽう","gloss":"yearly salary","reading":"ねんぽう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.013.m4a"},{"number":217,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.014","source":"体","translation":"body, health","reading":"からだ","words":[{"text":"体","gloss":"body, health","reading":"からだ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.014.m4a"},{"number":218,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.015","source":"よごれた服","translation":"soiled suit (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"よごれたふく","words":[{"text":"よごれた服","gloss":"soiled suit","reading":"よごれたふく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.015.m4a"},{"number":219,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.016","source":"ふえる","translation":"to increase (v.i.)","reading":"ふえる","words":[{"text":"ふえる","gloss":"increase"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.016.m4a"},{"number":220,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.017","source":"つかれる","translation":"to get tired (v.i.)","reading":"つかれる","words":[{"text":"つかれる","gloss":"get tired"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.017.m4a"},{"number":221,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.018","source":"よごれる","translation":"to become soiled (v.i.)","reading":"よごれる","words":[{"text":"よごれる","gloss":"become soiled"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.018.m4a"},{"number":222,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.019","source":"ふとる","translation":"to become stout (v.i.)","reading":"ふとる","words":[{"text":"ふとる","gloss":"become stout"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.019.m4a"},{"number":223,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.020","source":"やせる","translation":"to lose weight (v.i.)","reading":"やせる","words":[{"text":"やせる","gloss":"lose weight"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.020.m4a"},{"number":224,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.021","source":"上げる","translation":"to give (to a superior) (v.t.)","reading":"あげる","words":[{"text":"上げる","gloss":"give to superior","reading":"あげる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.021.m4a"},{"number":225,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.022","source":"着かえる","translation":"to change clothes (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"きかえる","words":[{"text":"着かえる","gloss":"change clothes","reading":"きかえる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"年ぽう","gloss":"yearly salary"},{"word":"よごれた服","gloss":"soiled suit (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ふえる","gloss":"to increase (v.i.)"},{"word":"つかれる","gloss":"to get tired (v.i.)"},{"word":"ふとる","gloss":"to become stout (v.i.)"},{"word":"上げる","gloss":"to give (to a superior) (v.t.)"},{"word":"着かえる","gloss":"to change clothes (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Illness, repeated actions and change · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Illness, actions, and change","paragraphs":["These entries cover health, compound actions, occasional events, and gradual change.","*読みはじめる* means \"to begin to read,\" and *たべおわる* means \"to finish eating.\"","*だらけ* means \"full of\" or \"covered with,\" while *--ことがある* means \"there are times.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":226,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.023","source":"かぜをひく","translation":"to catch cold","reading":"かぜをひく","words":[{"text":"かぜをひく","gloss":"catch cold"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.023.m4a"},{"number":227,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.024","source":"読みはじめる","translation":"to begin to read","reading":"よみはじめる","words":[{"text":"読みはじめる","gloss":"begin to read","reading":"よみはじめる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.024.m4a"},{"number":228,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.025","source":"たべおわる","translation":"to finish eating","reading":"たべおわる","words":[{"text":"たべおわる","gloss":"finish eating"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.025.m4a"},{"number":229,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.026","source":"包みなおす","translation":"to re-wrap","reading":"つつみなおす","words":[{"text":"包みなおす","gloss":"re-wrap","reading":"つつみなおす"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.026.m4a"},{"number":230,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.027","source":"いそがしい","translation":"busy","reading":"いそがしい","words":[{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.027.m4a"},{"number":231,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.028","source":"元気な","translation":"healthy, energetic","reading":"げんきな","words":[{"text":"元気な","gloss":"healthy and energetic","reading":"げんきな"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.028.m4a"},{"number":232,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.029","source":"そのかわり","translation":"instead, in its place, on the other hand","reading":"そのかわり","words":[{"text":"そのかわり","gloss":"instead"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.029.m4a"},{"number":233,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.030","source":"だらけ","translation":"full of, covered with (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"だらけ","words":[{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"covered with"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.030.m4a"},{"number":234,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.031","source":"--ことがある","translation":"there are times, occasionally (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--ことがある","words":[{"text":"--ことがある","gloss":"sometimes"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.031.m4a"},{"number":235,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.032","source":"いそがしく なって来る","translation":"to get busy, to become busy (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"いそがしくなってくる","words":[{"text":"いそがしくなって来る","gloss":"become busy","reading":"いそがしくなってくる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.032.m4a"},{"number":236,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.033","source":"体にわるい","translation":"bad for the health","reading":"からだにわるい","words":[{"text":"体にわるい","gloss":"bad for health","reading":"からだにわるい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.033.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"かぜをひく","gloss":"to catch cold"},{"word":"読みはじめる","gloss":"to begin to read"},{"word":"たべおわる","gloss":"to finish eating"},{"word":"包みなおす","gloss":"to re-wrap"},{"word":"元気な","gloss":"healthy, energetic"},{"word":"そのかわり","gloss":"instead, in its place, on the other hand"},{"word":"--ことがある","gloss":"there are times, occasionally (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"いそがしくなって来る","gloss":"to get busy, to become busy (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"体にわるい","gloss":"bad for the health"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Time, reasons and wages · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Time, reasons, and wages","paragraphs":["These entries cover timing, reasons, wage periods, and taking time off work.","*じきに* means \"soon,\" and *ですから* means \"therefore.\"","*山本さんは 火曜日に しごとを 休みます* gives the expression \"to rest from work.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":237,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.034","source":"じきに","translation":"soon","reading":"じきに","words":[{"text":"じきに","gloss":"soon"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.034.m4a"},{"number":238,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.035","source":"ですから","translation":"therefore","reading":"ですから","words":[{"text":"ですから","gloss":"therefore"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.035.m4a"},{"number":239,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.036","source":"時給","translation":"hourly wage","reading":"じきゅう","words":[{"text":"時給","gloss":"hourly wage","reading":"じきゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.036.m4a"},{"number":240,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.037","source":"日給","translation":"daily wage","reading":"にっきゅう","words":[{"text":"日給","gloss":"daily wage","reading":"にっきゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.037.m4a"},{"number":241,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.038","source":"週給","translation":"weekly wage","reading":"しゅうきゅう","words":[{"text":"週給","gloss":"weekly wage","reading":"しゅうきゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.038.m4a"},{"number":242,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.039","source":"月給","translation":"monthly wage","reading":"げっきゅう","words":[{"text":"月給","gloss":"monthly wage","reading":"げっきゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.039.m4a"},{"number":243,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.040","source":"年ぽう","translation":"yearly salary","reading":"ねんぽう","words":[{"text":"年ぽう","gloss":"yearly salary","reading":"ねんぽう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.040.m4a"},{"number":244,"id":"ja.dli.L033.w.041","source":"山本さんは 火曜日に しごとを 休みます。","translation":"'to rest from work'","reading":"やまもとさんはかようびにしごとをやすみます。","words":[{"text":"山本さんは火曜日にしごとを休みます。","gloss":"takes off work","reading":"やまもとさんはかようびにしごとをやすみます。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L033.w.041.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"じきに","gloss":"soon"},{"word":"ですから","gloss":"therefore"},{"word":"山本さんは火曜日にしごとを休みます。","gloss":"'to rest from work'"}],"paradigms":[]}]}