{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L036","title":"Lesson 36","stage":"Kanji and everyday Japanese","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 36: finding a fruit shop · dialogue 1 of 4, seasonal and imported fruit · dialogue 2 of 4, choosing peaches at the shop · dialogue 3 of 4, declining a gift of peaches · dialogue 4 of 4, things others did for you · perception drill, polite negative requests · perception drill, grammar perception drill, saying how things look · perception drill, describing favors received · pattern 1 1 of 3, things done for you · pattern 1 2 of 3, actions done as favors · pattern 1 3 of 3, prohibiting classroom actions · pattern 2 1 of 2, agreeing not to act · pattern 2 2 of 2, pattern 3, acting without doing something · pattern 3 2 of 2, describing how things look · pattern 4 1 of 3, comparing appearance and reality · pattern 4 2 of 3, adjectives for apparent qualities · pattern 4 3 of 3, when fruits are in season · reading selection 1 of 3, japanese fruit and imports · reading selection 2 of 3, canning and sharing fruit · reading selection 3 of 3, asking about seasonal fruit · questions 1 of 2, asking about fruit trade · questions 2 of 2, common fruits and fruit shops · word list 1 of 4, produce and grocery words · word list 2 of 4, food trade and preparation verbs · word list 3 of 4, fruit shopping and grammar phrases · word list 4 of 4.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/36","lines":224},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/35","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/37","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Finding a fruit shop · Dialogue 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"A fruit shop nearby","paragraphs":["One speaker wants to buy fruit before going home. The speaker asks, *私は 何か 果物を 買って 帰りたいのですが、 この あたりに 果物屋が ありますか*.","The line means \"I want to buy some fruit and go home, but is there a fruit shop around here?\"","The reply places one shop at the corner of a narrow alley. It carries apples, tangerines, persimmons, pears, and strawberries."]},{"title":"Kanji: 果, 帰","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L036.dlg.001","source":"「果物」","translation":"Fruits","reading":"「くだもの」","words":[{"text":"「果物」","gloss":"fruits","reading":"くだもの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L036.dlg.002","source":"私は 何か 果物を 買って 帰りたいのですが、 この あたりに 果物屋が ありますか。","translation":"I want to buy some fruit and go home, but is there a fruit shop around here?","reading":"わたくしはなにかくだものをかってかえりたいのですが、このあたりにくだものやがありますか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"some","reading":"なに"},{"text":"か","gloss":"some"},{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruit","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"帰り","gloss":"go home","reading":"かえり"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"あたり","gloss":"area"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruit shop","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"屋","gloss":"fruit shop","reading":"や"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L036.dlg.003","source":"あちらへ 少し 行くと、 せまいろじの かどに 一けん あります。","translation":"If you go that way a little, there is one at the corner of a narrow alley.","reading":"あちらへすこしいくと、せまいろじのかどにいっけんあります。","words":[{"text":"あちら","gloss":"that way"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"せまい","gloss":"narrow"},{"text":"ろじ","gloss":"alley"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"かど","gloss":"corner"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"けん","gloss":"building"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L036.dlg.004","source":"どんな 果物でも 買えますか。","translation":"Can you buy any fruits?","reading":"どんなくだものでもかえますか。","words":[{"text":"どんな","gloss":"any kind of"},{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruit","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"で","gloss":"any"},{"text":"も","gloss":"any"},{"text":"買え","gloss":"can buy","reading":"かえ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L036.dlg.005","source":"ええ、 ほとんど どんな 果物でも 買えます。 りんご、 みかん、 かき、 なし、 それに この頃は いちごも あります。","translation":"Yes, you can buy practically any kind of fruit. They have apples, tangerines, persimmons, pears, and also strawberries these days.","reading":"ええ、ほとんどどんなくだものでもかえます。りんご、みかん、かき、なし、それにこのごろはいちごもあります。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ほとんど","gloss":"practically"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"any kind of"},{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruit","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"で","gloss":"any"},{"text":"も","gloss":"any"},{"text":"買え","gloss":"can buy","reading":"かえ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"りんご、","gloss":"apples"},{"text":"みかん、","gloss":"tangerines"},{"text":"かき、","gloss":"persimmons"},{"text":"なし、","gloss":"pears"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"and also"},{"text":"に","gloss":"and also"},{"text":"この頃","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いちご","gloss":"strawberries"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L036.dlg.006","source":"ももや ぶどうは ないのですか。","translation":"Don't they have peaches and grapes?","reading":"ももやぶどうはないのですか。","words":[{"text":"もも","gloss":"peaches"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"ぶどう","gloss":"grapes"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not exist"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"KURERU vs. KUDASARU\n\nNote the use of KURERU and KUDASARU:\n\nKANAI GA SORE O WATAKUSHI NI KUREMASHITA. \"My wife (considered to be an inferior in Japan) gave it to me.\"\n\nSENSEI GA SORE O WATAKUSHI NI KUDASAIMASHITA. \"The teacher (a respected or superior person) gave it to me.\"\n\nThis basic difference, dictated by custom, holds true even when KURERU and KUDASARU follow the TE-form of the verb. They express the meaning, \"the subject did such-and-such for me.\"\n\nKANAI GA SORE O KATTE KUREMASHITA. \"My wife bought it for me.\"\n\nSENSEI GA SORE O WATAKUSHI NI OSHIETE KUDASAIMASHITA. \"The teacher taught it to me.\"\n\nBecause the English translation above does not include KUREMASHITA 'gave,' the tendency of English-speaking learners is to omit it and say:\n\nSENSEI GA SORE O WATAKUSHI NI OSHIEMASHITA.\n\nThis is insufficient, for natives do not speak this way.\n\nBecause there was a transfer of thought or something from one to the other, however insignificant, KUDASAIMASHITA should be used. The same is true for a sentence like, KANAI GA KORE O KAITE KUREMASHITA, \"My wife wrote it for me.\" Since the beneficiary is \"I\" and the benefactor my wife, KUREMASHITA should be used."},{"section":2,"text":"SORE O KAWANAI DE KUDASAI\n\nA negative imperative is formed by adding DE KUDASAI to an abrupt negative verb ending.\n\nRegular verbs:\n\nDictionary form | Negative | Negative Imperative\nARAU | ARAWANAI | ARAWANAI DE KUDASAI\nIKU | IKANAI | IKANAI DE KUDASAI\nOYOGU | OYOGANAI | OYOGANAI DE KUDASAI\nNAOSU | NAOSANAI | NAOSANAI DE KUDASAI\nTATSU | TATANAI | TATANAI DE KUDASAI\nYOBU | YOBANAI | YOBANAI DE KUDASAI\nYOMU | YOMANAI | YOMANAI DE KUDASAI\nTORU | TORANAI | TORANAI DE KUDASAI\nSHINU | SHINANAI | SHINANAI DE KUDASAI\n\n(Only verb under NA column, SHINU 'to die.')\n\nSemi-regular verbs:\n\n| | \nMIRU | MINAI | MINAI DE KUDASAI\nDERU | DENAI | DENAI DE KUDASAI\n\nIrregular:\n\n| | \nKURU | KONAI | KONAI DE KUDASAI\nSURU | SHINAI | SHINAI DE KUDASAI"},{"section":3,"text":"YUUHAN O TABENAI DE KIMASHITA\n\nFollowing the first base of verbs, NAI DE is very commonly used as an adverb meaning 'without' in English.\n\nTE O TSUKAWANAI DE JI O KAKIMASHITA. \"I wrote characters without using my hands.\"\n\nTABENAI DE GAKKOO NI KIMASHITA. \"I came to school without eating.\""},{"section":4,"text":"--SOO DESU\n\n--SOO DESU or --SOO DA is attached to the roots of I-adjectives to show likelihood or seemingness: 'to look as if,' 'appears,' 'seems.'\n\nKYOO WA ATSUSOO DESU NE. \"It looks as if it will be hot today, doesn't it?\"\n\nKONO NASHI WA OISHISOO DESU. \"This pear looks delicious.\""}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"「果物」","gloss":"fruit"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"あたり","gloss":"vicinity, neighborhood"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"あちら","gloss":"that over there, over there"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"},{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"せまい","gloss":"narrow, crowded"},{"word":"ろじ","gloss":"alley, side street"},{"word":"かど","gloss":"corner"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"けん","gloss":"numerical counter for houses (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"ほとんど","gloss":"almost (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"りんご、","gloss":"apple"},{"word":"みかん、","gloss":"tangerine"},{"word":"かき、","gloss":"persimmon"},{"word":"なし、","gloss":"pear"},{"word":"この頃","gloss":"these days, nowadays"},{"word":"いちご","gloss":"strawberry"},{"word":"もも","gloss":"peach"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ぶどう","gloss":"grapes"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Seasonal and imported fruit · Dialogue 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Fruit from near and far","paragraphs":["The speakers discuss when grapes appear, where bananas grow, and how Japan exports canned tangerines.","*ももは ありますが、 ぶどうは 十月頃まで 出ません* means \"They have peaches, but grapes will not come out until around October.\""]},{"title":"A friend sent peaches","paragraphs":["*この間 アメリカの 友だちが ももの かんづめを 送って くれたのです* means \"The other day a friend in America sent me some canned peaches.\"","Listen for *送って くれた* as an action the friend did for the speaker."]},{"title":"Kanji: 作","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L036.dlg.007","source":"ももは ありますが、 ぶどうは 十月頃まで 出ません。","translation":"They have peaches, but grapes will not come out until around October.","reading":"ももはありますが、ぶどうはじゅうがつごろまででません。","words":[{"text":"もも","gloss":"peaches"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ぶどう","gloss":"grapes"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"十","gloss":"October"},{"text":"月","gloss":"October"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"出","gloss":"come out","reading":"で"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L036.dlg.008","source":"オレンジや バナナは ゆにゅうするのでしょう。","translation":"I suppose they import oranges and bananas, don't they?","reading":"オレンジやバナナはゆにゅうするのでしょう。","words":[{"text":"オレンジ","gloss":"oranges"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"バナナ","gloss":"bananas"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ゆ","gloss":"import"},{"text":"にゅう","gloss":"import"},{"text":"する","gloss":"import"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L036.dlg.009","source":"ええ、 でも、 日本でも みなみの方の しまでは バナナを 少し 作っています。","translation":"That's right. However, in Japan bananas are grown on the islands in the south.","reading":"ええ、でも、にほんでもみなみのほうのしまではバナナをすこしつくっています。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"で","gloss":"however"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"みなみ","gloss":"south"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"方","gloss":"part","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"しま","gloss":"islands"},{"text":"で","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"バナナ","gloss":"bananas"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"some","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"作っ","gloss":"grow","reading":"つくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"grow"},{"text":"い","gloss":"grow"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"grow"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L036.dlg.010","source":"この頃は 果物の かんづめが 多いですね。","translation":"There are lots of canned fruits these days, aren't there?","reading":"このごろはくだもののかんづめがおおいですね。","words":[{"text":"この頃","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruit","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"かんづめ","gloss":"canned goods"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"numerous","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L036.dlg.011","source":"ええ、 日本では みかんを 沢山 かんづめにして、 外国に ゆしゅつしています。","translation":"Yes, in Japan they can a lot of tangerines and export them to foreign countries.","reading":"ええ、にほんではみかんをたくさんかんづめにして、がいこくにゆしゅつしています。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"みかん","gloss":"tangerines"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"かんづめ","gloss":"canned"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"し","gloss":"make"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign countries","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"ゆ","gloss":"export"},{"text":"しゅ","gloss":"export"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"export"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"do"},{"text":"い","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L036.dlg.012","source":"この間 アメリカの 友だちが ももの かんづめを 送って くれたのです。 今ばん ごちそうしましょう。","translation":"The other day a friend in America sent me some canned peaches. I'll treat you to them tonight.","reading":"このあいだアメリカのともだちがもものかんづめをおくってくれたのです。こんばんごちそうしましょう。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"the other day"},{"text":"間","gloss":"the other day"},{"text":"アメリカ","gloss":"America"},{"text":"の","gloss":"in"},{"text":"友だち","gloss":"friend","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"もも","gloss":"peaches"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"かんづめ","gloss":"canned goods"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"送っ","gloss":"sent","reading":"おくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"sent"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"今","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こん"},{"text":"ばん","gloss":"tonight"},{"text":"ご","gloss":"treat"},{"text":"ちそう","gloss":"treat"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"月","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"頃","gloss":"approximate point of time (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"バナナ","gloss":"banana"},{"word":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"みなみ","gloss":"south"},{"word":"しま","gloss":"island"},{"word":"果物","gloss":"fruit"},{"word":"かんづめ","gloss":"canned goods"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"みかん","gloss":"tangerine"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"アメリカ","gloss":"America; U.S.A."},{"word":"ばん","gloss":"evening, night"},{"word":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Choosing peaches at the shop · Dialogue 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Peaches that look delicious","paragraphs":["The speakers reach the fruit shop and consider its peaches. *この ももは おいしそうですね* means \"These peaches look delicious, don't they?\"","Listen for *おいしそう* as a description based on how the peaches appear."]},{"title":"Fruit and vegetables","paragraphs":["The peaches are sweet and taste good. *果物は アメリカのが いいですが、 やさいは 日本のが いいですね* contrasts American fruit with Japanese vegetables."]},{"title":"Kanji: 食","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 後, 事","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L036.dlg.013","source":"ありがとう ございます。","translation":"Thank you.","reading":"ありがとうございます。","words":[{"text":"ありがとう","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"ござい","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L036.dlg.014","source":"今ばんは 一しょに 食事を して、 後で ももを 食べましょう。","translation":"Let's dine together tonight and eat peaches afterwards.","reading":"こんばんはいっしょにしょくじをして、あとでももをたべましょう。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こん"},{"text":"ばん","gloss":"tonight"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一しょ","gloss":"together","reading":"いっしょ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"together"},{"text":"食事","gloss":"meal","reading":"しょくじ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"後","gloss":"afterwards","reading":"あと"},{"text":"で","gloss":"afterwards"},{"text":"もも","gloss":"peaches"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L036.dlg.015","source":"ありがとうございます。 さあ、 果物屋に 来ました。","translation":"Thank you. Well, we've come to the fruit shop.","reading":"ありがとうございます。さあ、くだものやにきました。","words":[{"text":"ありがとう","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"ござい","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"さあ、","gloss":"well"},{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruit shop","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"屋","gloss":"fruit shop","reading":"や"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L036.dlg.016","source":"この ももは おいしそうですね。","translation":"These peaches look delicious, don't they?","reading":"このももはおいしそうですね。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"these"},{"text":"もも","gloss":"peaches"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おいし","gloss":"look delicious"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"look delicious"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L036.dlg.017","source":"ええ、 それは すいみつとうと 言って、 あまくて あじが いいですよ。","translation":"Yes, these are called SUIMITSUTOO and they are sweet and tasty.","reading":"ええ、それはすいみつとうといって、あまくてあじがいいですよ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"these"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"すい","gloss":"suimitsuto peaches"},{"text":"みつ","gloss":"suimitsuto peaches"},{"text":"とう","gloss":"suimitsuto peaches"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"called","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"あまく","gloss":"sweet"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"あじ","gloss":"taste"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L036.dlg.018","source":"果物は アメリカのが いいですが、 やさいは 日本のが いいですね。","translation":"As for fruits, American fruits are better, but as for vegetables, Japan's are better.","reading":"くだものはアメリカのがいいですが、やさいはにほんのがいいですね。","words":[{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruit","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"アメリカ","gloss":"America"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"が","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"やさい","gloss":"vegetables"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"が","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"さあ、","gloss":"well, now, here, come"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"あじ","gloss":"taste, flavor"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"やさい","gloss":"vegetable"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Declining a gift of peaches · Dialogue 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Peaches for a wife","paragraphs":["One speaker offers peaches for the other speaker's wife. The other declines because there are peaches at home.","*ももは 買わないで ください* means \"Please don't buy peaches.\" Listen for *買わないで ください* as a polite request not to buy."]},{"title":"Kanji: 奥, 持","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L036.dlg.019","source":"そうですか。 この ももを 少し 奥さんに 持って 帰って 上げなさいよ。","translation":"Is that right? Please take these peaches home for your wife.","reading":"そうですか。このももをすこしおくさんにもってかえってあげなさいよ。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that way"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"この","gloss":"these"},{"text":"もも","gloss":"peaches"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"some","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"take","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"go home","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go home"},{"text":"上げ","gloss":"give","reading":"あげ"},{"text":"なさい","gloss":"please"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L036.dlg.020","source":"ありがとう ございますが、 ももは 買わないで ください。 家に ありますから。","translation":"Thank you, but please don't buy peaches, because we have peaches at home.","reading":"ありがとうございますが、ももはかわないでください。いえにありますから。","words":[{"text":"ありがとう","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"ござい","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"もも","gloss":"peaches"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"買わ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L036.dlg.021","source":"そうですか。 それでは 又今度。","translation":"Is that so? Well then, next time.","reading":"そうですか。それではまたこんど。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that way"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"well then"},{"text":"で","gloss":"well then"},{"text":"は","gloss":"well then"},{"text":"又","gloss":"again","reading":"また"},{"text":"今度。","gloss":"next time","reading":"こんど"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.dlg.021.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ください。","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"から。","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"今度。","gloss":"this time, next time"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Things others did for you · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"Someone sent peaches","paragraphs":["*子供が 私に ももを 送って くれました* means \"Children sent me some peaches.\" The TE-form followed by *くれました* says the children did this for the speaker.","*あの方が 私に ももを 送って くださいました* also describes sending peaches for the speaker. *くださいました* marks the benefactor as respected or superior."]},{"title":"The benefactor determines the form","paragraphs":["Use *くれました* after the TE-form for a person of lower or equal standing. Use *くださいました* for a respected or superior person.","*先生が この かん字を 書いてくださいました* means \"The teacher wrote this kanji for me.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp1.01","source":"子供が 私に ももを 送って くれました。","translation":"Children sent me some peaches.\" (Inferior to Superior)","reading":"こどもがわたくしにももをおくってくれました。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"私","gloss":"me","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"もも","gloss":"peaches"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"送っ","gloss":"sent","reading":"おくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"sent"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp1.02","source":"あの方が 私に ももを 送って くださいました。","translation":"He sent me some peaches.\" (Superior to Inferior)","reading":"あのかたがわたくしにももをおくってくださいました。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that person"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"私","gloss":"me","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"もも","gloss":"peaches"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"送っ","gloss":"sent","reading":"おくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"sent"},{"text":"ください","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp1.03","source":"このネクタイは 家内が 買ってくれました。","translation":"My wife bought this necktie for me.","reading":"このネクタイはかないがかってくれました。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"ネクタイ","gloss":"necktie"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"家内","gloss":"my wife","reading":"かない"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"bought","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"bought"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp1.04","source":"店の人が これを 包んでくれました。","translation":"The clerk wrapped this for me.","reading":"みせのひとがこれをつつんでくれました。","words":[{"text":"店","gloss":"shop","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"人","gloss":"clerk","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"包ん","gloss":"wrapped","reading":"つつん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"wrapped"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp1.05","source":"店の人が これを 持って来てくれました。","translation":"The clerk brought this for me.","reading":"みせのひとがこれをもってきてくれました。","words":[{"text":"店","gloss":"shop","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"人","gloss":"clerk","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"brought","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"brought"},{"text":"来","gloss":"brought","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"brought"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp1.06","source":"友だちが 日本から いい物を 送ってくれました。","translation":"A friend sent me something nice from Japan.","reading":"ともだちがにほんからいいものをおくってくれました。","words":[{"text":"友だち","gloss":"friend","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"物","gloss":"thing","reading":"もの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"送っ","gloss":"sent","reading":"おくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"sent"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp1.07","source":"先生が この かん字を 書いてくださいました。","translation":"The teacher wrote this kanji for me.","reading":"せんせいがこのかんじをかいてくださいました。","words":[{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"wrote","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"wrote"},{"text":"ください","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp1.08","source":"田中さんが 医者を よんでくださいました。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka called a doctor for me.","reading":"たなかさんがいしゃをよんでくださいました。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"医者","gloss":"doctor","reading":"いしゃ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"よん","gloss":"called"},{"text":"で","gloss":"called"},{"text":"ください","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp1.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ください","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ネクタイ","gloss":"necktie"},{"word":"店","gloss":"store, shop"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"医者","gloss":"medical doctor"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Polite negative requests · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"Please do not buy","paragraphs":["*買わないで ください* means \"Please don't buy.\" Add *で ください* to the abrupt negative form of the verb to make a polite negative request.","The negative form ends in *ない*. The same pattern gives *話さないでください*, \"Please do not speak.\""]},{"title":"Irregular negative forms","paragraphs":["*来ないでください* means \"Please do not come.\" Here the abrupt negative is *来ない*.","In *しないでください*, the abrupt negative is *しない*. The line means \"Please do not do it.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp2.01","source":"買わないで ください。","translation":"Please don't buy.","reading":"かわないでください。","words":[{"text":"買わ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp2.01.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp2.02","source":"見ないでください。","translation":"Please do not look.","reading":"みないでください。","words":[{"text":"見","gloss":"look","reading":"み"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp2.02.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp2.03","source":"食べないでください。","translation":"Please do not eat.","reading":"たべないでください。","words":[{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp2.03.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp2.04","source":"しないでください。","translation":"Please do not do it.","reading":"しないでください。","words":[{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp2.04.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp2.05","source":"来ないでください。","translation":"Please do not come.","reading":"こないでください。","words":[{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"こ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp2.05.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp2.06","source":"話さないでください。","translation":"Please do not speak.","reading":"はなさないでください。","words":[{"text":"話さ","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなさ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp2.06.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp2.07","source":"たたないでください。","translation":"Please do not stand up.","reading":"たたないでください。","words":[{"text":"たた","gloss":"stand up"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp2.07.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp2.08","source":"行かないでください。","translation":"Please do not go.","reading":"いかないでください。","words":[{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp2.08.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp2.09","source":"きょうしつでは、 えい語で 話さないでください。","translation":"Please do not speak English in the classroom.","reading":"きょうしつでは、えいごではなさないでください。","words":[{"text":"きょうしつ","gloss":"classroom"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"えい語","gloss":"English"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"話さ","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなさ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp2.09.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp2.10","source":"今 いそがしいから、 来ないでください。","translation":"I am busy now, so please do not come.","reading":"いまいそがしいから、こないでください。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"こ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp2.10.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp2.11","source":"ぼうしを かぶらないでください。","translation":"Please do not wear a hat.","reading":"ぼうしをかぶらないでください。","words":[{"text":"ぼうし","gloss":"hat"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かぶら","gloss":"wear"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp2.11.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp2.12","source":"きょうしつでは、 食べないでください。","translation":"Please do not eat in the classroom.","reading":"きょうしつでは、たべないでください。","words":[{"text":"きょうしつ","gloss":"classroom"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp2.12.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp2.13","source":"子供を つれて 来ないでください。","translation":"Please do not bring your child.","reading":"こどもをつれてこないでください。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"bring"},{"text":"て","gloss":"bring"},{"text":"来","gloss":"bring","reading":"こ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp2.13.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp2.14","source":"明りを つけないで ください。","translation":"Please do not turn on the light.","reading":"あかりをつけないでください。","words":[{"text":"明り","gloss":"light","reading":"あかり"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つけ","gloss":"turn on"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp2.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は、","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"明り","gloss":"light"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Grammar Perception Drill, Block 3","teaching":[{"title":"Without eating first","paragraphs":["*朝めしを 食べないで、 学校に 来ました* means \"I came to school without eating breakfast.\"","The abrupt negative followed by *で* means \"without.\" It connects an omitted action to the action that follows."]},{"title":"Without looking","paragraphs":["In *本を 見ないで、 こたえてください*, *見ないで* means \"without looking.\"","Here *見ないで* describes how the answering is done."]}],"lines":[{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp3.01","source":"食べないで お出でなさい。","translation":"Please come without eating.","reading":"たべないでおいでなさい。","words":[{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"without"},{"text":"お","gloss":"please"},{"text":"出で","gloss":"come","reading":"いで"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp3.01.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp3.02","source":"あまり あそばないで、 べんきょうしなさい。","translation":"Do not play too much; study.","reading":"あまりあそばないで、べんきょうしなさい。","words":[{"text":"あまり","gloss":"too much"},{"text":"あそば","gloss":"play"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"do it"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp3.02.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp3.03","source":"朝めしを 食べないで、 学校に 来ました。","translation":"I came to school without eating breakfast.","reading":"あさめしをたべないで、がっこうにきました。","words":[{"text":"朝めし","gloss":"breakfast","reading":"あさめし"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"without"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite past"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"polite past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp3.03.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp3.04","source":"本を 見ないで、 こたえてください。","translation":"Please answer without looking at the book.","reading":"ほんをみないで、こたえてください。","words":[{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"look at","reading":"み"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"without"},{"text":"こたえ","gloss":"answer"},{"text":"て","gloss":"answer"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp3.04.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp3.05","source":"たたないで 話してください。","translation":"Please speak without standing up.","reading":"たたないではなしてください。","words":[{"text":"たた","gloss":"stand up"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"without"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp3.05.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp3.06","source":"ぼうしを かぶらないで、 出てはいけません。","translation":"You must not go out without wearing a hat.","reading":"ぼうしをかぶらないで、でてはいけません。","words":[{"text":"ぼうし","gloss":"hat"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かぶら","gloss":"wear"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"without"},{"text":"出","gloss":"go out","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go out"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"allowed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite negative"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"polite negative"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp3.06.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp3.07","source":"切手を はらないで、 手紙を 出しました。","translation":"I mailed the letter without putting a stamp on it.","reading":"きってをはらないで、てがみをだしました。","words":[{"text":"切手","gloss":"stamp","reading":"きって"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はら","gloss":"put on"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"without"},{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letter","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出し","gloss":"mail","reading":"だし"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite past"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"polite past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp3.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"朝めし","gloss":"breakfast"},{"word":"本","gloss":"numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)"},{"word":"切手","gloss":"postage stamp"},{"word":"手紙","gloss":"letter (correspondence)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying how things look · Perception drill, Block 4","teaching":[{"title":"A quality that appears true","paragraphs":["*これは おいし そうです* means \"This appears delicious.\" Replace the final *い* of an I-adjective with *そう* to describe an apparent quality.","With *です*, the form states how something appears. *むずかしそうです* means \"It looks difficult.\""]},{"title":"Before a noun or action","paragraphs":["Use *そうな* before a noun. *これは おいし そうな 果物です* means \"This is a delicious-looking fruit.\"","Use *そうに* before a verb. *あの方は おいし そうに 食べます* means \"He eats as if it is delicious.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp4.01","source":"これは おいし そうです。","translation":"This appears delicious.","reading":"これはおいしそうです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おいし","gloss":"delicious"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looks"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp4.01.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp4.02","source":"あの方は おいし そうに 食べます。","translation":"He eats as if it is delicious.","reading":"あのかたはおいしそうにたべます。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おいし","gloss":"delicious"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"appears"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as if"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp4.02.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp4.03","source":"これは おいし そうな 果物です。","translation":"This is a delicious-looking fruit.","reading":"これはおいしそうなくだものです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おいし","gloss":"delicious"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looking"},{"text":"な","gloss":"looking"},{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruit","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp4.03.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp4.04","source":"むずかしそうです。","translation":"It looks difficult.","reading":"むずかしそうです。","words":[{"text":"むずかし","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looks"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp4.04.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp4.05","source":"さむそうです。","translation":"It looks cold.","reading":"さむそうです。","words":[{"text":"さむ","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looks"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp4.05.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp4.06","source":"あつそうです。","translation":"It looks hot.","reading":"あつそうです。","words":[{"text":"あつ","gloss":"hot"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looks"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp4.06.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp4.07","source":"いそがしそうです。","translation":"It looks busy.","reading":"いそがしそうです。","words":[{"text":"いそがし","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looks"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp4.07.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp4.08","source":"安そうです。","translation":"It looks inexpensive.","reading":"やすそうです。","words":[{"text":"安","gloss":"inexpensive","reading":"やす"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looks"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp4.08.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp4.09","source":"わかそうです。","translation":"He looks young.","reading":"わかそうです。","words":[{"text":"わか","gloss":"young"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looks"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp4.09.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp4.10","source":"この店は 何でも 安そうです。","translation":"Everything in this store looks inexpensive.","reading":"このみせはなんでもやすそうです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"店","gloss":"store","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"everything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"も","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"安","gloss":"inexpensive","reading":"やす"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looks"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp4.10.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp4.11","source":"さかい先生は いつも いそがしそうです。","translation":"Professor Sakai always looks busy.","reading":"さかいせんせいはいつもいそがしそうです。","words":[{"text":"さかい","gloss":"Sakai"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"professor","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"いそがし","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looks"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp4.11.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp4.12","source":"あの方は さむそうに たっています。","translation":"That person is standing there looking cold.","reading":"あのかたはさむそうにたっています。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さむ","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looking"},{"text":"に","gloss":"while"},{"text":"たっ","gloss":"is standing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is standing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is standing"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is standing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp4.12.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp4.13","source":"スミスさんは いそがしそうに 働いています。","translation":"Mr. Smith is working busily.","reading":"スミスさんはいそがしそうにはたらいています。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いそがし","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looking"},{"text":"に","gloss":"while"},{"text":"働い","gloss":"is working","reading":"はたらい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is working"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is working"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is working"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp4.13.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L036.gp4.14","source":"あの方は わかそうな人です。","translation":"That person looks young.","reading":"あのかたはわかそうなひとです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"わか","gloss":"young"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looking"},{"text":"な","gloss":"looking"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.gp4.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いつ","gloss":"when?"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Describing favors received · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A friend sent it","paragraphs":["*友だちが 私に この本を 送って くれました* describes a lower or equal friend sending it for the speaker.","With a superior friend, the line uses *送って くださいました*. The benefactor determines which form follows the TE-form."]},{"title":"Different favors","paragraphs":["*先生が まちがいを なおしてくださいました* means \"The teacher corrected the mistake for me.\"","*先生* is respected, so *くださいました* follows the action."]}],"lines":[{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt1.m1","source":"A. 友だちが 私に この本を 送って くれました。","translation":"A friend (inferior) sent this book to me.\" (Superior or equal)","reading":"A.ともだちがわたくしにこのほんをおくってくれました。","words":[{"text":"A.","gloss":"speaker A"},{"text":"友だち","gloss":"friend","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"私","gloss":"me","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"送っ","gloss":"send","reading":"おくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"send"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite past"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"polite past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt1.m2","source":"B. 友だちが 私に この本を 送って くださいました。","translation":"A friend (superior) sent this book to me (inferior).","reading":"B.ともだちがわたくしにこのほんをおくってくださいました。","words":[{"text":"B.","gloss":"speaker B"},{"text":"友だち","gloss":"friend","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"私","gloss":"me","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"送っ","gloss":"send","reading":"おくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"send"},{"text":"ください","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite past"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"polite past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt1.m2.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt1.01","source":"家内が 私に うで時計を 買ってくれました。","translation":"My wife bought me a wristwatch.","reading":"かないがわたくしにうでどけいをかってくれました。","words":[{"text":"家内","gloss":"wife","reading":"かない"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"私","gloss":"me","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"う","gloss":"wristwatch"},{"text":"で","gloss":"wristwatch"},{"text":"時計","gloss":"wristwatch","reading":"どけい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"buy"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite past"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"polite past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt1.02","source":"これは 生徒が こしらえてくれました。","translation":"A student made this for me.","reading":"これはせいとがこしらえてくれました。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"こしらえ","gloss":"make"},{"text":"て","gloss":"make"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite past"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"polite past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt1.03","source":"子供が べんとうを 持って来てくれました。","translation":"My child brought me a box lunch.","reading":"こどもがべんとうをもってきてくれました。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"べんとう","gloss":"box lunch"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"bring","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"bring"},{"text":"来","gloss":"bring","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"bring"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite past"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"polite past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt1.04","source":"先生が まちがいを なおしてくださいました。","translation":"The teacher corrected the mistake for me.","reading":"せんせいがまちがいをなおしてくださいました。","words":[{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"まちがい","gloss":"mistake"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"なおし","gloss":"correct"},{"text":"て","gloss":"correct"},{"text":"ください","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite past"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"polite past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt1.05","source":"田中さんが それを 見せてくださいました。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka showed it to me.","reading":"たなかさんがそれをみせてくださいました。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"it"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見せ","gloss":"show","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"show"},{"text":"ください","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite past"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"polite past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt1.06","source":"その テープレコーダーを どこで 買いましたか。","translation":"Where did you buy that tape recorder?","reading":"そのテープレコーダーをどこでかいましたか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"テープ","gloss":"tape recorder"},{"text":"レコーダー","gloss":"tape recorder"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite past"},{"text":"た","gloss":"polite past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt1.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"べんとう","gloss":"box lunch"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Things done for you · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A birthday gift","paragraphs":["*家内が たんじょう日に 買ってくれたのです* means \"My wife bought it for me on my birthday.\" The favor form follows the TE-form of buying.","*友だちが かんづめにして くれます* means \"A friend will can them for me.\" The same construction can describe a future favor."]}],"lines":[{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt1.07","source":"山田さんが 売ってくださいました。","translation":"Mr. Yamada sold it to me.","reading":"やまださんがうってくださいました。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"売っ","gloss":"sell","reading":"うっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"sell"},{"text":"ください","gloss":"to me"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite past"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"polite past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt1.08","source":"それは いい うで時計ですね。","translation":"That is a nice wristwatch, isn’t it?","reading":"それはいいうでどけいですね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"うで","gloss":"wristwatch"},{"text":"時計","gloss":"wristwatch","reading":"どけい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt1.09","source":"家内が たんじょう日に 買ってくれたのです。","translation":"My wife bought it for me on my birthday.","reading":"かないがたんじょうびにかってくれたのです。","words":[{"text":"家内","gloss":"wife","reading":"かない"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"たんじょう","gloss":"birthday"},{"text":"日","gloss":"birthday","reading":"び"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"buy"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"reason"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt1.10","source":"あなたは こんなに 沢山の なしを どうしますか。","translation":"What are you going to do with so many pears?","reading":"あなたはこんなにたくさんのなしをどうしますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"こんな","gloss":"so"},{"text":"に","gloss":"so"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"なし","gloss":"pears"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt1.11","source":"友だちが かんづめにして くれます。","translation":"A friend will can them for me.","reading":"ともだちがかんづめにしてくれます。","words":[{"text":"友だち","gloss":"friend","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"かんづめ","gloss":"canned food"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"do"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt1.12","source":"はらう","translation":"to pay","reading":"はらう","words":[{"text":"はらう","gloss":"pay"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt1.13","source":"書く","translation":"to write","reading":"かく","words":[{"text":"書く","gloss":"write","reading":"かく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt1.14","source":"なおす","translation":"to correct","reading":"なおす","words":[{"text":"なおす","gloss":"correct"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt1.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"なし","gloss":"pear"},{"word":"はらう","gloss":"to pay"},{"word":"なおす","gloss":"to correct, mend, repair (v.t.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Actions done as favors · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Actions that become favors","paragraphs":["The cues name actions another person can perform for the speaker. *おしえる* means \"to teach,\" and *見せる* means \"to show.\"","Each verb takes its TE-form before the favor form. The resulting phrase describes the action as done for the speaker."]}],"lines":[{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt1.15","source":"読む","translation":"to read","reading":"よむ","words":[{"text":"読む","gloss":"read","reading":"よむ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt1.15.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt1.16","source":"おしえる","translation":"to teach","reading":"おしえる","words":[{"text":"おしえる","gloss":"teach"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt1.17","source":"買う","translation":"to buy","reading":"かう","words":[{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt1.17.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt1.18","source":"やくす","translation":"to translate","reading":"やくす","words":[{"text":"やくす","gloss":"translate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt1.19","source":"かみをかる","translation":"to borrow paper","reading":"かみをかる","words":[{"text":"かみ","gloss":"paper"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かる","gloss":"borrow"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt1.20","source":"まどをあける","translation":"to open the window","reading":"まどをあける","words":[{"text":"まど","gloss":"window"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あける","gloss":"open"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt1.20.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt1.21","source":"見せる","translation":"to show","reading":"みせる","words":[{"text":"見せる","gloss":"show","reading":"みせる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt1.21.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"買う","gloss":"to buy"},{"word":"やくす","gloss":"to translate (v.t.)"},{"word":"かみ","gloss":"hair"},{"word":"かる","gloss":"to clip, to cut"},{"word":"見せる","gloss":"to show (v.t.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Prohibiting classroom actions · Pattern 2 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Requests not to act","paragraphs":["The *ないでください* pattern makes each prohibition polite. *えい語を 使わないでください* means \"Please do not use English.\"","*まだ 帰らないでください* means \"Please do not go home yet.\" The same form applies to another prohibited action."]}],"lines":[{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt2.m1","source":"買わないで ください。","translation":"Please don't buy.","reading":"かわないでください。","words":[{"text":"買わ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt2.01","source":"えい語を 使わないでください。","translation":"Please do not use English.","reading":"えいごをつかわないでください。","words":[{"text":"えい語","gloss":"English"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"使わ","gloss":"use","reading":"つかわ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt2.02","source":"まだ 帰らないでください。","translation":"Please do not go home yet.","reading":"まだかえらないでください。","words":[{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"帰ら","gloss":"go home","reading":"かえら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt2.03","source":"きょうか書を あけないでください。","translation":"Please do not open the textbook.","reading":"きょうかしょをあけないでください。","words":[{"text":"きょうか","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"書","gloss":"textbook","reading":"しょ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あけ","gloss":"open"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt2.04","source":"たたないで ください。","translation":"Please do not stand up.","reading":"たたないでください。","words":[{"text":"たた","gloss":"stand up"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"without"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt2.05","source":"きょうしつで 食べないでください。","translation":"Please do not eat in the classroom.","reading":"きょうしつでたべないでください。","words":[{"text":"きょうしつ","gloss":"classroom"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"without"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt2.05.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt2.06","source":"よごれた くつを はいて 家の中に はいらないで ください。","translation":"Please do not go into the house wearing dirty shoes.","reading":"よごれたくつをはいていえのなかにはいらないでください。","words":[{"text":"よごれ","gloss":"dirty"},{"text":"た","gloss":"dirty"},{"text":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はい","gloss":"wearing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"wearing"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中","gloss":"inside","reading":"なか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"はいら","gloss":"enter"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"without"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt2.07","source":"はい、 かしこまりました。","translation":"Yes, certainly.","reading":"はい、かしこまりました。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"かしこまり","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"certainly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt2.07.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt2.08","source":"きょうしつの中で コーヒーを のまないでください。","translation":"Please do not drink coffee in the classroom.","reading":"きょうしつのなかでコーヒーをのまないでください。","words":[{"text":"きょうしつ","gloss":"classroom"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中","gloss":"inside","reading":"なか"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"コーヒー","gloss":"coffee"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"のま","gloss":"drink"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"without"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt2.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"},{"word":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Agreeing not to act · Pattern 2 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A request and its answer","paragraphs":["*この頃の いちごは おいしくないから、 買わないでください* asks someone not to buy strawberries because they are not good now.","*ええ、 買いません* means \"All right, I will not buy any.\" The answer states that the requested action will not happen."]}],"lines":[{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt2.09","source":"はい、 かしこまりました。","translation":"Yes, certainly.","reading":"はい、かしこまりました。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"かしこまり","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"certainly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt2.10","source":"この頃の いちごは おいしくないから、 買わないでください。","translation":"The strawberries at this time of year are not good, so please do not buy any.","reading":"このごろのいちごはおいしくないから、かわないでください。","words":[{"text":"この頃","gloss":"this time of year"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"いちご","gloss":"strawberries"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おいしく","gloss":"good"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"買わ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"without"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt2.11","source":"ええ、 買いません。","translation":"All right, I will not buy any.","reading":"ええ、かいません。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt2.11.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt2.12","source":"持って行く","translation":"to take along","reading":"もっていく","words":[{"text":"持っ","gloss":"take along","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"take along","reading":"いく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt2.12.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt2.13","source":"働く","translation":"to work","reading":"はたらく","words":[{"text":"働く","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt2.13.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt2.14","source":"話す","translation":"to speak","reading":"はなす","words":[{"text":"話す","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなす"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt2.14.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt2.15","source":"見る","translation":"to look","reading":"みる","words":[{"text":"見る","gloss":"look","reading":"みる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt2.15.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt2.16","source":"読む","translation":"to read","reading":"よむ","words":[{"text":"読む","gloss":"read","reading":"よむ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt2.16.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt2.17","source":"来る","translation":"to come","reading":"くる","words":[{"text":"来る","gloss":"come","reading":"くる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt2.17.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Pattern 3","teaching":[{"title":"One action without another","paragraphs":["The *ないで* form states which action is omitted. *私は 昨日 ひげを そらないで、 しごとに 行きました* means \"Yesterday I went to work without shaving.\"","*きょうか書を 見ないで 話してください* means \"Please speak without looking at the textbook.\" The action after *ないで* is performed."]}],"lines":[{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt3.m1","source":"今ばんは 夕はんを 食べないで お出でなさい。","translation":"Please come without eating supper tonight.","reading":"こんばんはゆうはんをたべないでおいでなさい。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こん"},{"text":"ばん","gloss":"tonight"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"夕はん","gloss":"supper","reading":"ゆうはん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"without"},{"text":"お","gloss":"please come"},{"text":"出で","gloss":"please come","reading":"いで"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"please come"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt3.m1.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt3.01","source":"私は 昨日 ひげを そらないで、 しごとに 行きました。","translation":"Yesterday I went to work without shaving.","reading":"わたくしはきのうひげをそらないで、しごとにいきました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday","reading":"きのう"},{"text":"ひげ","gloss":"beard"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"そら","gloss":"shave"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"without"},{"text":"しごと","gloss":"work"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt3.01.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt3.02","source":"私は けさ 朝はんを 食べないで 学校に 来ました。","translation":"I came to school this morning without eating breakfast.","reading":"わたくしはけさあさはんをたべないでがっこうにきました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"けさ","gloss":"this morning"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"breakfast","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"はん","gloss":"breakfast"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"without"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt3.02.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt3.03","source":"生徒たちは たたないで 話します。","translation":"The students speak without standing up.","reading":"せいとたちはたたないではなします。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"students"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"たた","gloss":"stand up"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"without"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt3.03.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt3.04","source":"そのくつは なおさないで もう少し はきなさい。","translation":"Wear those shoes a little longer without having them repaired.","reading":"そのくつはなおさないでもうすこしはきなさい。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"those"},{"text":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なおさ","gloss":"have repaired"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"without"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"longer"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"はき","gloss":"wear"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt3.04.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt3.05","source":"きょうか書を 見ないで 話してください。","translation":"Please speak without looking at the textbook.","reading":"きょうかしょをみないではなしてください。","words":[{"text":"きょうか","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"書","gloss":"textbook","reading":"しょ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"look at","reading":"み"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"without"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"speak"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt3.05.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt3.06","source":"奥さんは 病気だそうですが、 医者に かかりましたか。","translation":"I hear your wife is sick; has she seen a doctor?","reading":"おくさんはびょうきだそうですが、いしゃにかかりましたか。","words":[{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"sick","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"医者","gloss":"doctor","reading":"いしゃ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かかり","gloss":"see"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt3.06.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt3.07","source":"いいえ、 医者に かからないで 家で 休んでいます。","translation":"No, she is resting at home without seeing a doctor.","reading":"いいえ、いしゃにかからないでいえでやすんでいます。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"医者","gloss":"doctor","reading":"いしゃ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かから","gloss":"see"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"without"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"休ん","gloss":"is resting","reading":"やすん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is resting"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is resting"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is resting"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt3.07.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt3.08","source":"ぼうしを かぶらないで 行ってもいいですか。","translation":"May I go without wearing a hat?","reading":"ぼうしをかぶらないでいってもいいですか。","words":[{"text":"ぼうし","gloss":"hat"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かぶら","gloss":"wear"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"without"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"okay"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt3.08.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt3.09","source":"いいえ、 ぼうしを かぶらないで 行ってはいけません。","translation":"No, you must not go without wearing a hat.","reading":"いいえ、ぼうしをかぶらないでいってはいけません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"ぼうし","gloss":"hat"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かぶら","gloss":"wear"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"without"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"must not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt3.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday"},{"word":"ひげ","gloss":"beard, whiskers"},{"word":"そら","gloss":"sky"},{"word":"しごと","gloss":"work, job"},{"word":"朝","gloss":"morning"},{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Acting without doing something · Pattern 3 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A reason for poor work","paragraphs":["*スミスさん、 あなたは 今日 よく 出来ませんね* means \"Mr. Smith, you are not doing very well today.\"","*はい、 よしゅうしないで 学校に 来ましたから* gives the reason. He came to school without preparing the lesson."]}],"lines":[{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt3.10","source":"スミスさん、 あなたは 今日 よく 出来ませんね。","translation":"Mr. Smith, you are not doing very well today.","reading":"スミスさん、あなたはきょうよくできませんね。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん、","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"do","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt3.10.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt3.11","source":"はい、 よしゅうしないで 学校に 来ましたから。","translation":"Yes, because I came to school without preparing the lesson.","reading":"はい、よしゅうしないでがっこうにきましたから。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"よ","gloss":"preparation"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"preparation"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"without"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt3.11.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt3.12","source":"ここで 降りません。","translation":"I will not get off here.","reading":"ここでおりません。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"get off","reading":"おり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt3.12.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt3.13","source":"つぎの かどで 降りましょう。","translation":"Let's get off at the next corner.","reading":"つぎのかどでおりましょう。","words":[{"text":"つぎ","gloss":"next"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"かど","gloss":"corner"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"get off","reading":"おり"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt3.13.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt3.14","source":"あぶらだらけの くつを ぬぎます。\n家の中に はいてはいけません。","translation":"I will take off my oil-covered shoes.\nI must not wear them inside the house.","reading":"あぶらだらけのくつをぬぎます。\nいえのなかにはいてはいけません。","words":[{"text":"あぶら","gloss":"oil"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"covered with"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ぬぎ","gloss":"take off"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中","gloss":"inside","reading":"なか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"はい","gloss":"wear"},{"text":"て","gloss":"wear"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"must not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt3.14.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt3.15","source":"夕はんを 食べません。\nあそんでいます。","translation":"I will not eat dinner.\nI am playing.","reading":"ゆうはんをたべません。\nあそんでいます。","words":[{"text":"夕はん","gloss":"dinner","reading":"ゆうはん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"あそん","gloss":"am playing"},{"text":"で","gloss":"am playing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am playing"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am playing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt3.15.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt3.16","source":"医者を よびません。","translation":"I will not call a doctor.","reading":"いしゃをよびません。","words":[{"text":"医者","gloss":"doctor","reading":"いしゃ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"よび","gloss":"call"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt3.16.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt3.17","source":"医者の所へ 行って 見てもらう。","translation":"I will go to the doctor and have him examine me.","reading":"いしゃのところへいってみてもらう。","words":[{"text":"医者","gloss":"doctor","reading":"いしゃ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go"},{"text":"見","gloss":"examine","reading":"み"},{"text":"て","gloss":"examine"},{"text":"もらう。","gloss":"have him do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt3.17.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt3.18","source":"切手を はります。\n手紙を 出してはいけません。","translation":"I will put a stamp on it.\nI must not mail the letter.","reading":"きってをはります。\nてがみをだしてはいけません。","words":[{"text":"切手","gloss":"stamp","reading":"きって"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はり","gloss":"put on"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letter","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出し","gloss":"mail","reading":"だし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"mail"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"must not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt3.18.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"しゅう","gloss":"state"},{"word":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"word":"つぎ","gloss":"next"},{"word":"あぶら","gloss":"grease, oil"},{"word":"だらけ","gloss":"full of, covered with (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"},{"word":"もらう。","gloss":"to receive (tangible things)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Describing how things look · Pattern 4 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Three positions for apparent qualities","paragraphs":["*この かきは おいし そうです* uses *そうです* as the predicate: \"This persimmon looks delicious.\"","*これは おいし そうな かきです* uses *そうな* before a noun. *あの方は かきを おいし そうに 食べます* uses *そうに* before a verb."]}],"lines":[{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt4.m1","source":"A. この かきは おいし そうです。","translation":"This persimmon looks delicious.","reading":"A.このかきはおいしそうです。","words":[{"text":"A.","gloss":"speaker A"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"かき","gloss":"persimmon"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おいし","gloss":"delicious"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looks"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt4.m1.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt4.m2","source":"B. これは おいし そうな かきです。","translation":"This is a delicious-looking persimmon.","reading":"B.これはおいしそうなかきです。","words":[{"text":"B.","gloss":"speaker B"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おいし","gloss":"delicious"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looking"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"かき","gloss":"persimmon"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt4.m2.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt4.m3","source":"C. あの方は かきを おいし そうに 食べます。","translation":"He eats persimmon as if it were delicious.","reading":"C.あのかたはかきをおいしそうにたべます。","words":[{"text":"C.","gloss":"speaker C"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かき","gloss":"persimmon"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おいし","gloss":"delicious"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"as if"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as if"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt4.m3.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt4.01","source":"この小包は 少し 重そうです。","translation":"This package looks a little heavy.","reading":"このこづつみはすこしおもそうです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"小包","gloss":"package","reading":"こづつみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"重","gloss":"heavy","reading":"おも"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looks"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt4.01.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt4.02","source":"この本は 古そうです。","translation":"This book looks old.","reading":"このほんはふるそうです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"古","gloss":"old","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looks"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt4.02.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt4.03","source":"この 家は くらそうな 家です。","translation":"This house looks dark.","reading":"このいえはくらそうないえです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"くら","gloss":"dark"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looking"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt4.03.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt4.04","source":"これは すずしそうな 夏服です。","translation":"These are summer clothes that look cool.","reading":"これはすずしそうななつふくです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"すずし","gloss":"cool"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looking"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"夏服","gloss":"summer clothes","reading":"なつふく"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt4.04.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt4.05","source":"あの人は あしが いたそうに 歩いています。","translation":"That person is walking as if his leg hurts.","reading":"あのひとはあしがいたそうにあるいています。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あし","gloss":"leg"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いたそう","gloss":"seems in pain"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as if"},{"text":"歩い","gloss":"is walking","reading":"あるい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is walking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is walking"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is walking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt4.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"かき","gloss":"persimmon"},{"word":"小包","gloss":"parcel, small package"},{"word":"夏服","gloss":"summer suit"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Comparing appearance and reality · Pattern 4 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Appearance and reality","paragraphs":["*この かん字は むずかしそうですね* means \"This Chinese character looks difficult, doesn't it?\" The form reports an appearance.","*むずかしそうですが、 そんなに むずかしくは ありません* means \"It looks difficult, but it is not that difficult.\" Appearance can differ from reality."]}],"lines":[{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt4.06","source":"あの人は おいしそうに りんごを 食べています。","translation":"That person is eating an apple as if it tastes good.","reading":"あのひとはおいしそうにりんごをたべています。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おいし","gloss":"delicious"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"as if"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as if"},{"text":"りんご","gloss":"apple"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"is eating","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is eating"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is eating"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is eating"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt4.06.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt4.07","source":"この かん字は むずかしそうですね。","translation":"This Chinese character looks difficult, doesn’t it?","reading":"このかんじはむずかしそうですね。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"Chinese character"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかし","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looks"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt4.07.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt4.08","source":"むずかしそうですが、 そんなに むずかしくは ありません。","translation":"It looks difficult, but it is not that difficult.","reading":"むずかしそうですが、そんなにむずかしくはありません。","words":[{"text":"むずかし","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looks"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"そんな","gloss":"that much"},{"text":"に","gloss":"that much"},{"text":"むずかしく","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt4.08.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt4.09","source":"ここから 見ると、 あの山は 近そうですが、 どのぐらい ありますか。","translation":"That mountain looks close from here, but how far away is it?","reading":"ここからみると、あのやまはちかそうですが、どのぐらいありますか。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"look","reading":"みる"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountain","reading":"やま"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"近","gloss":"close","reading":"ちか"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looks"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how far"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"how far"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt4.09.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt4.10","source":"二十五 マイルぐらい あります。","translation":"It is about twenty-five miles away.","reading":"にじゅうごマイルぐらいあります。","words":[{"text":"二十","gloss":"twenty-five","reading":"にじゅう"},{"text":"五","gloss":"twenty-five","reading":"ご"},{"text":"マイル","gloss":"miles"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt4.10.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt4.11","source":"田中さんは いつも いそがしそうに 働いていますね。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka always looks busy at work, doesn’t he?","reading":"たなかさんはいつもいそがしそうにはたらいていますね。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"いそがし","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looks"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as if"},{"text":"働い","gloss":"is working","reading":"はたらい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is working"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is working"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is working"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt4.11.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt4.12","source":"ええ、 この頃は 大へん いそがしそうです。","translation":"Yes, he seems very busy these days.","reading":"ええ、このごろはたいへんいそがしそうです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"この頃","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大へん","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"いそがし","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt4.12.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt4.13","source":"わるい","translation":"bad","reading":"わるい","words":[{"text":"わるい","gloss":"bad"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt4.13.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"りんご","gloss":"apple"},{"word":"山","gloss":"mountain"},{"word":"どの","gloss":"which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"二十","gloss":"20"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"マイル","gloss":"mile"},{"word":"大へん","gloss":"very"},{"word":"わるい","gloss":"bad"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Adjectives for apparent qualities · Pattern 4 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Adjectives for appearance","paragraphs":["The cues supply I-adjectives for the *そう* pattern. *おいしい* means \"delicious,\" and *むずかしい* means \"difficult.\"","Remove the final *い* before adding *そう*. The cues differ in meaning while keeping the same change before *そう*."]}],"lines":[{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt4.14","source":"古い","translation":"old","reading":"ふるい","words":[{"text":"古い","gloss":"old","reading":"ふるい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt4.14.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt4.15","source":"いたい","translation":"painful","reading":"いたい","words":[{"text":"い","gloss":"painful"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"painful"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt4.15.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt4.16","source":"さむい","translation":"cold","reading":"さむい","words":[{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt4.16.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt4.17","source":"かるい","translation":"light","reading":"かるい","words":[{"text":"かるい","gloss":"light"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt4.17.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt4.18","source":"おいしい","translation":"delicious","reading":"おいしい","words":[{"text":"おいしい","gloss":"delicious"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt4.18.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L036.pt4.19","source":"むずかしい","translation":"difficult","reading":"むずかしい","words":[{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.pt4.19.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"古い","gloss":"old, antique"},{"word":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"word":"かるい","gloss":"light"},{"word":"おいしい","gloss":"tasty, delicious"},{"word":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"When fruits are in season · Reading Selection 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Fruit through the year","paragraphs":["The passage gives the seasons and months for strawberries, peaches, pears, and grapes. *いちごは四月に出ます* means \"Strawberries come out in April.\"","*ももは六月から九月頃まであります* places peaches from June until around September. Grapes normally run from September until around October."]}],"lines":[{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L036.rd.001","source":"私は果物が大へん好きです。","translation":"I like fruit very much.","reading":"わたくしはくだものがたいへんすきです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruit","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大へん","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L036.rd.002","source":"果物はほとんどいつでもあります。","translation":"Fruit is available almost all the time.","reading":"くだものはほとんどいつでもあります。","words":[{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruit","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ほとんど","gloss":"almost"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"all the time"},{"text":"で","gloss":"all the time"},{"text":"も","gloss":"all the time"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"available"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L036.rd.003","source":"いちごは四月に出ます。","translation":"Strawberries come out in April.","reading":"いちごはしがつにでます。","words":[{"text":"いちご","gloss":"strawberries"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"四","gloss":"April"},{"text":"月","gloss":"April"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"出","gloss":"come out","reading":"で"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L036.rd.004","source":"ももは六月から九月頃まであります。","translation":"Peaches are available from June until around September.","reading":"ももはろくがつからくがつごろまであります。","words":[{"text":"もも","gloss":"peaches"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"六","gloss":"June","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"月","gloss":"June","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"九","gloss":"September"},{"text":"月","gloss":"September"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"available"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L036.rd.005","source":"なしは七月頃出ます。","translation":"Pears come out around July.","reading":"なしはしちがつごろでます。","words":[{"text":"なし","gloss":"pears"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"七","gloss":"July"},{"text":"月","gloss":"July"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"出","gloss":"come out"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L036.rd.006","source":"ぶどうは九月から十月頃までありますが、早いのは七月のおわりか八月のはじめに出ます。","translation":"Grapes are available from September until around October, but the early ones come out at the end of July or the beginning of August.","reading":"ぶどうはくがつからじゅうがつごろまでありますが、はやいのはしちがつのおわりかはちがつのはじめにでます。","words":[{"text":"ぶどう","gloss":"grapes"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"九","gloss":"September"},{"text":"月","gloss":"September"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"十","gloss":"October"},{"text":"月","gloss":"October"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"available"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"早い","gloss":"early","reading":"はやい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"七","gloss":"July"},{"text":"月","gloss":"July"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"おわり","gloss":"end"},{"text":"か","gloss":"or"},{"text":"八","gloss":"August","reading":"はち"},{"text":"月","gloss":"August","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"はじめ","gloss":"beginning"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"出","gloss":"come out","reading":"で"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.rd.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"好き","gloss":"to like, be fond of (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"六","gloss":"six"},{"word":"九","gloss":"nine"},{"word":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"word":"おわり","gloss":"end"},{"word":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"word":"はじめ","gloss":"beginning"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Japanese fruit and imports · Reading Selection 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Fruit grown and imported","paragraphs":["The passage contrasts fruit grown in Japan with imported fruit. *ある果物は、 日本では 作れません* means \"Some fruits cannot be grown in Japan.\"","Even when grown there, some fruit does not taste good. Japan therefore imports oranges, lemons, and similar fruit from the United States."]}],"lines":[{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L036.rd.007","source":"りんごやみかんは秋のおわりに出ます。","translation":"Apples and tangerines come out at the end of autumn.","reading":"りんごやみかんはあきのおわりにでます。","words":[{"text":"りんご","gloss":"apples"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"みかん","gloss":"tangerines"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"秋","gloss":"autumn","reading":"あき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"おわり","gloss":"end"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"出","gloss":"come out","reading":"で"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L036.rd.008","source":"日本にはかきが多いです。","translation":"There are many persimmons in Japan.","reading":"にほんにはかきがおおいです。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かき","gloss":"persimmons"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"ja.dli.L036.rd.009","source":"かきは秋の果物です。","translation":"Persimmons are an autumn fruit.","reading":"かきはあきのくだものです。","words":[{"text":"かき","gloss":"persimmons"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"秋","gloss":"autumn","reading":"あき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruit","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"ja.dli.L036.rd.010","source":"ある果物は、 日本では 作れません。","translation":"Some fruits cannot be grown in Japan.","reading":"あるくだものは、にほんではつくれません。","words":[{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruits","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"作れ","gloss":"can be grown","reading":"つくれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"ja.dli.L036.rd.011","source":"作っても あじが よくないのです。","translation":"Even if they are grown, they do not taste good.","reading":"つくってもあじがよくないのです。","words":[{"text":"作っ","gloss":"grown","reading":"つくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"あじ","gloss":"taste"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"not good"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not good"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"ja.dli.L036.rd.012","source":"それで、 オレンジや レモンなどは 米国から ゆにゅうします。","translation":"Therefore, oranges, lemons, and the like are imported from the United States.","reading":"それで、オレンジやレモンなどはべいこくからゆにゅうします。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"オレンジ","gloss":"oranges"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"レモン","gloss":"lemons"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and the like"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"ゆ","gloss":"import"},{"text":"にゅう","gloss":"import"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.rd.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"秋","gloss":"autumn, fall"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Canning and sharing fruit · Reading Selection 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Fruit sent by friends","paragraphs":["Some fruit is canned for shipment to distant places. Friends send the speaker peaches, grapes, tangerines, and pears each year.","In *送ってくれます*, the TE-form and *くれます* mark sending done for the speaker. The speaker therefore seldom buys fruit."]},{"title":"Bananas that looked delicious","paragraphs":["*大へんおいしそうな バナナ* describes bananas that looked very delicious. The *そうな* form modifies *バナナ*.","The speaker saw them displayed, bought them, took them home, and ate them with everyone."]}],"lines":[{"number":159,"id":"ja.dli.L036.rd.013","source":"アメリカの オレンジは あまくて 大へんおいしいです。","translation":"American oranges are sweet and very delicious.","reading":"アメリカのオレンジはあまくてたいへんおいしいです。","words":[{"text":"アメリカ","gloss":"America"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"オレンジ","gloss":"oranges"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまく","gloss":"sweet"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"大へん","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"おいしい","gloss":"delicious"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.rd.013.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"ja.dli.L036.rd.014","source":"ある果物は 遠い所へ送る事が出来ませんからそれをかんづめにして送ります。","translation":"Some fruits cannot be sent to distant places, so they are canned and shipped.","reading":"あるくだものはとおいところへおくることができませんからそれをかんづめにしておくります。","words":[{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruits","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"遠い","gloss":"distant","reading":"とおい"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"送る","gloss":"send","reading":"おくる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"them"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かんづめ","gloss":"canned goods"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"送り","gloss":"send","reading":"おくり"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.rd.014.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"ja.dli.L036.rd.015","source":"日本では みかんをかんづめにして外国へゆしゅつします。","translation":"In Japan, tangerines are canned and exported to foreign countries.","reading":"にほんではみかんをかんづめにしてがいこくへゆしゅつします。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"みかん","gloss":"tangerines"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かんづめ","gloss":"canned goods"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign countries","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"ゆ","gloss":"export"},{"text":"しゅ","gloss":"export"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"export"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.rd.015.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"ja.dli.L036.rd.016","source":"友だちは私が果物が好きな事を知っていますから、毎年、もも、ぶどう、みかん、なしなどを送ってくれます、それで、私は果物をたまにしか買いません。","translation":"My friends know that I like fruit, so every year they send me peaches, grapes, tangerines, pears, and the like, and therefore I rarely buy fruit.","reading":"ともだちはわたくしがくだものがすきなことをしっていますから、まいねん、もも、ぶどう、みかん、なしなどをおくってくれます、それで、わたくしはくだものをたまにしかかいません。","words":[{"text":"友だち","gloss":"friends","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruit","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"な","gloss":"that"},{"text":"事","gloss":"fact","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"知っ","gloss":"know","reading":"しっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"know"},{"text":"い","gloss":"know"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"know"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"毎年、","gloss":"every year","reading":"まいねん"},{"text":"もも、","gloss":"peaches"},{"text":"ぶどう、","gloss":"grapes"},{"text":"みかん、","gloss":"tangerines"},{"text":"なし","gloss":"pears"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and the like"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"送っ","gloss":"send","reading":"おくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"send"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"ます、","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruit","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たまに","gloss":"occasionally"},{"text":"しか","gloss":"only"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.rd.016.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"ja.dli.L036.rd.017","source":"バナナ、オレンジなどは買って食べます。","translation":"I buy and eat bananas, oranges, and the like.","reading":"バナナ、オレンジなどはかってたべます。","words":[{"text":"バナナ、","gloss":"bananas"},{"text":"オレンジ","gloss":"oranges"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and the like"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.rd.017.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"ja.dli.L036.rd.018","source":"この間 大へんおいしそうな バナナが果物屋に ならべてあったから、買って帰って みんなで食べました。","translation":"The other day, some very delicious-looking bananas were displayed at the fruit shop, so I bought some, took them home, and we all ate them.","reading":"このあいだたいへんおいしそうなバナナがくだものやにならべてあったから、かってかえってみんなでたべました。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"the other day"},{"text":"間","gloss":"the other day","reading":"あいだ"},{"text":"大へん","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"おいし","gloss":"delicious looking"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"delicious looking"},{"text":"な","gloss":"delicious looking"},{"text":"バナナ","gloss":"bananas"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruit shop","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"屋","gloss":"fruit shop","reading":"や"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"ならべ","gloss":"were displayed"},{"text":"て","gloss":"were displayed"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"were displayed"},{"text":"た","gloss":"were displayed"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"bought","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"took home","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"みんな","gloss":"everyone"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"ate","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.rd.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"遠い","gloss":"far"},{"word":"送る","gloss":"to send (v.t.)"},{"word":"毎年、","gloss":"every year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"もも、","gloss":"peach"},{"word":"ぶどう、","gloss":"grapes"},{"word":"たまに","gloss":"rarely, once in a while"},{"word":"バナナ、","gloss":"banana"},{"word":"みんな","gloss":"all"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking about seasonal fruit · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Seasons and places","paragraphs":["The questions ask when fruits appear and where they grow. *四月には どんな 果物が 出ますか* means \"What kinds of fruit come out in April?\"","An answer names the fruit for that month. Other answers give a season, a place, or whether a fruit grows there."]}],"lines":[{"number":165,"id":"ja.dli.L036.q.001","source":"四月には どんな 果物が 出ますか。","translation":"What kinds of fruit come out in April?","reading":"しがつにはどんなくだものがでますか。","words":[{"text":"四","gloss":"April"},{"text":"月","gloss":"April"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruit","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出","gloss":"come out","reading":"で"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.q.001.m4a"},{"number":166,"id":"ja.dli.L036.q.002","source":"六月から 九月まで、 どんな 果物が 出ますか。","translation":"What kinds of fruit come out from June through September?","reading":"ろくがつからくがつまで、どんなくだものがでますか。","words":[{"text":"六","gloss":"June","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"月","gloss":"June","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"九","gloss":"September"},{"text":"月","gloss":"September"},{"text":"まで、","gloss":"through"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruit","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出","gloss":"come out","reading":"で"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.q.002.m4a"},{"number":167,"id":"ja.dli.L036.q.003","source":"ぶどうは いつ頃 出ますか。","translation":"Around when do grapes come out?","reading":"ぶどうはいつごろでますか。","words":[{"text":"ぶどう","gloss":"grapes"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ頃","gloss":"around when","reading":"いつごろ"},{"text":"出","gloss":"come out","reading":"で"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.q.003.m4a"},{"number":168,"id":"ja.dli.L036.q.004","source":"秋の おわりに 出るのは、 どんな 果物ですか。","translation":"What kinds of fruit come out at the end of autumn?","reading":"あきのおわりにでるのは、どんなくだものですか。","words":[{"text":"秋","gloss":"autumn","reading":"あき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"おわり","gloss":"end"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"出る","gloss":"come out","reading":"でる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruit","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.q.004.m4a"},{"number":169,"id":"ja.dli.L036.q.005","source":"日本には どんな 果物が 多いですか。","translation":"What kinds of fruit are plentiful in Japan?","reading":"にほんにはどんなくだものがおおいですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruit","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"plentiful","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.q.005.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"ja.dli.L036.q.006","source":"このあたりでは、 いちごを 作っていますか。","translation":"Do they grow strawberries around here?","reading":"このあたりでは、いちごをつくっていますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"あたり","gloss":"area"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いちご","gloss":"strawberries"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"作っ","gloss":"grow","reading":"つくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"grow"},{"text":"い","gloss":"grow"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"grow"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.q.006.m4a"},{"number":171,"id":"ja.dli.L036.q.007","source":"日本では オレンジを 作っていますか。","translation":"Do they grow oranges in Japan?","reading":"にほんではオレンジをつくっていますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"オレンジ","gloss":"oranges"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"作っ","gloss":"grow","reading":"つくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"grow"},{"text":"い","gloss":"grow"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"grow"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.q.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"まで、","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking about fruit trade · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"From growing to buying","paragraphs":["The questions cover growing, canning, importing, exporting, and buying fruit. *どんな 果物が 日本で 作れませんか* means \"What kinds of fruit cannot be grown in Japan?\"","An answer names the relevant fruit or product. Questions about trade also require a source, destination, or traded item."]}],"lines":[{"number":172,"id":"ja.dli.L036.q.008","source":"どんな 果物が 日本で 作れませんか。","translation":"What kinds of fruit cannot be grown in Japan?","reading":"どんなくだものがにほんでつくれませんか。","words":[{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruit","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"作れ","gloss":"can be grown","reading":"つくれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.q.008.m4a"},{"number":173,"id":"ja.dli.L036.q.009","source":"どんな 果物を かんづめに しますか。","translation":"What kinds of fruit do they can?","reading":"どんなくだものをかんづめにしますか。","words":[{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruit","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かんづめ","gloss":"canned goods"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.q.009.m4a"},{"number":174,"id":"ja.dli.L036.q.010","source":"日本は どこから 果物の かんづめを ゆにゅう しますか。","translation":"Where does Japan import canned fruit from?","reading":"にほんはどこからくだもののかんづめをゆにゅうしますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruit","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"かんづめ","gloss":"canned goods"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ゆ","gloss":"import"},{"text":"にゅう","gloss":"import"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.q.010.m4a"},{"number":175,"id":"ja.dli.L036.q.011","source":"日本は 何を 外国へ ゆしゅつしますか。","translation":"What does Japan export to foreign countries?","reading":"にほんはなにをがいこくへゆしゅつしますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign countries","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"ゆ","gloss":"export"},{"text":"しゅ","gloss":"export"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"export"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.q.011.m4a"},{"number":176,"id":"ja.dli.L036.q.012","source":"私が 果物が 好きな 事を 友だちは 知っていますか。","translation":"Do my friends know that I like fruit?","reading":"わたくしがくだものがすきなことをともだちはしっていますか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruit","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"な","gloss":"that"},{"text":"事","gloss":"fact","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"友だち","gloss":"friends","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"知っ","gloss":"know","reading":"しっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"know"},{"text":"い","gloss":"know"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"know"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.q.012.m4a"},{"number":177,"id":"ja.dli.L036.q.013","source":"私は この間 何を 買いましたか。","translation":"What did I buy the other day?","reading":"わたくしはこのあいだなにをかいましたか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"the other day"},{"text":"間","gloss":"the other day"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.q.013.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Common fruits and fruit shops · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Fruit and the fruit shop","paragraphs":["These words cover fruit, the shop that sells it, and nearby places. *果物屋* means \"fruit store,\" and *ろじ* means \"alley, side street.\"","The fruit entries include *りんご*, \"apple,\" *みかん*, \"tangerine,\" and *ぶどう*, \"grapes.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":178,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.001","source":"果物","translation":"fruit","reading":"くだもの","words":[{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruit","reading":"くだもの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.001.m4a"},{"number":179,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.002","source":"あたり","translation":"vicinity, neighborhood","reading":"あたり","words":[{"text":"あたり","gloss":"vicinity"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.002.m4a"},{"number":180,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.003","source":"果物屋","translation":"fruit store","reading":"くだものや","words":[{"text":"果物屋","gloss":"fruit store","reading":"くだものや"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.003.m4a"},{"number":181,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.004","source":"ろじ","translation":"alley, side street","reading":"ろじ","words":[{"text":"ろじ","gloss":"alley"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.004.m4a"},{"number":182,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.005","source":"りんご","translation":"apple","reading":"りんご","words":[{"text":"りんご","gloss":"apple"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.005.m4a"},{"number":183,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.006","source":"みかん","translation":"tangerine","reading":"みかん","words":[{"text":"みかん","gloss":"tangerine"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.006.m4a"},{"number":184,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.007","source":"かき","translation":"persimmon","reading":"かき","words":[{"text":"かき","gloss":"persimmon"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.007.m4a"},{"number":185,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.008","source":"なし","translation":"pear","reading":"なし","words":[{"text":"なし","gloss":"pear"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.008.m4a"},{"number":186,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.009","source":"いちご","translation":"strawberry","reading":"いちご","words":[{"text":"いちご","gloss":"strawberry"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.009.m4a"},{"number":187,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.010","source":"ぶどう","translation":"grapes","reading":"ぶどう","words":[{"text":"ぶどう","gloss":"grapes"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.010.m4a"},{"number":188,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.011","source":"バナナ","translation":"banana","reading":"バナナ","words":[{"text":"バナナ","gloss":"banana"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.011.m4a"},{"number":189,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.012","source":"みなみ","translation":"south","reading":"みなみ","words":[{"text":"みなみ","gloss":"south"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"果物屋","gloss":"fruit store"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Produce and grocery words · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Produce and grocery goods","paragraphs":["These words cover produce, taste, canned goods, and stores. *かんづめ* means \"canned goods,\" and *食料品店* means \"grocery store, foodstore.\"","The produce includes *びわ*, \"loquat,\" *水か*, \"watermelon,\" and *ざくろ*, \"pomegranate.\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 品","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":190,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.013","source":"しま","translation":"island","reading":"しま","words":[{"text":"しま","gloss":"island"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.013.m4a"},{"number":191,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.014","source":"かんづめ","translation":"canned goods","reading":"かんづめ","words":[{"text":"かんづめ","gloss":"canned goods"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.014.m4a"},{"number":192,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.015","source":"すいみつとう","translation":"peach","reading":"すいみつとう","words":[{"text":"すいみつとう","gloss":"peach"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.015.m4a"},{"number":193,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.016","source":"あじ","translation":"taste, flavor","reading":"あじ","words":[{"text":"あじ","gloss":"taste"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.016.m4a"},{"number":194,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.017","source":"やさい","translation":"vegetable","reading":"やさい","words":[{"text":"やさい","gloss":"vegetable"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.017.m4a"},{"number":195,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.018","source":"食料品店","translation":"grocery store, foodstore","reading":"しょくりょうひんてん","words":[{"text":"食料品店","gloss":"grocery store","reading":"しょくりょうひんてん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.018.m4a"},{"number":196,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.019","source":"サンキスト レモン","translation":"Sunkist lemon","reading":"サンキストレモン","words":[{"text":"サンキストレモン","gloss":"Sunkist lemon"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.019.m4a"},{"number":197,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.020","source":"びわ","translation":"loquat","reading":"びわ","words":[{"text":"びわ","gloss":"loquat"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.020.m4a"},{"number":198,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.021","source":"水か","translation":"watermelon","reading":"すいか","words":[{"text":"水か","gloss":"watermelon","reading":"すいか"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.021.m4a"},{"number":199,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.022","source":"さくらんぼ","translation":"cherry (fruit)","reading":"さくらんぼ","words":[{"text":"さくらんぼ","gloss":"cherry"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.022.m4a"},{"number":200,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.023","source":"今ばん","translation":"this evening, tonight","reading":"こんばん","words":[{"text":"今ばん","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.023.m4a"},{"number":201,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.024","source":"ざくろ","translation":"pomegranate","reading":"ざくろ","words":[{"text":"ざくろ","gloss":"pomegranate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"すいみつとう","gloss":"peach"},{"word":"食料品店","gloss":"grocery store, foodstore"},{"word":"サンキストレモン","gloss":"Sunkist lemon"},{"word":"びわ","gloss":"loquat"},{"word":"水か","gloss":"watermelon"},{"word":"さくらんぼ","gloss":"cherry (fruit)"},{"word":"今ばん","gloss":"this evening, tonight"},{"word":"ざくろ","gloss":"pomegranate"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Food trade and preparation verbs · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Food trade and preparation","paragraphs":["These verbs cover food trade and preparation. *ゆにゅうする* means \"to import,\" *ゆしゅつする* means \"to export,\" and *かんづめにする* means \"to can.\"","The descriptive words include *せまい*, \"narrow, crowded,\" *あまい*, \"sweet,\" and *おいしい*, \"tasty, delicious.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":202,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.025","source":"ゆにゅうする","translation":"to import","reading":"ゆにゅうする","words":[{"text":"ゆにゅうする","gloss":"import"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.025.m4a"},{"number":203,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.026","source":"ゆしゅつする","translation":"to export","reading":"ゆしゅつする","words":[{"text":"ゆしゅつする","gloss":"export"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.026.m4a"},{"number":204,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.027","source":"作る","translation":"to raise, to make","reading":"つくる","words":[{"text":"作る","gloss":"make","reading":"つくる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.027.m4a"},{"number":205,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.028","source":"ならべる","translation":"to display, to arrange in order","reading":"ならべる","words":[{"text":"ならべる","gloss":"arrange"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.028.m4a"},{"number":206,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.029","source":"かんづめにする","translation":"to can","reading":"かんづめにする","words":[{"text":"かんづめにする","gloss":"can"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.029.m4a"},{"number":207,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.030","source":"ごちそうする","translation":"to treat, to give feast","reading":"ごちそうする","words":[{"text":"ごちそうする","gloss":"treat"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.030.m4a"},{"number":208,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.031","source":"食事をする","translation":"to have a meal","reading":"しょくじをする","words":[{"text":"食事をする","gloss":"have a meal","reading":"しょくじをする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.031.m4a"},{"number":209,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.032","source":"ふうをする","translation":"to seal","reading":"ふうをする","words":[{"text":"ふうをする","gloss":"seal"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.032.m4a"},{"number":210,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.033","source":"持って帰る","translation":"to take home","reading":"もってかえる","words":[{"text":"持って帰る","gloss":"take home","reading":"もってかえる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.033.m4a"},{"number":211,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.034","source":"せまい","translation":"narrow, crowded","reading":"せまい","words":[{"text":"せまい","gloss":"narrow"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.034.m4a"},{"number":212,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.035","source":"あまい","translation":"sweet","reading":"あまい","words":[{"text":"あまい","gloss":"sweet"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.035.m4a"},{"number":213,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.036","source":"おいしい","translation":"tasty, delicious","reading":"おいしい","words":[{"text":"おいしい","gloss":"delicious"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.036.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ゆにゅうする","gloss":"to import"},{"word":"ゆしゅつする","gloss":"to export"},{"word":"作る","gloss":"to raise, to make"},{"word":"ならべる","gloss":"to display, to arrange in order"},{"word":"かんづめにする","gloss":"to can"},{"word":"ごちそうする","gloss":"to treat, to give feast"},{"word":"食事をする","gloss":"to have a meal"},{"word":"ふうをする","gloss":"to seal"},{"word":"持って帰る","gloss":"to take home"},{"word":"あまい","gloss":"sweet"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Fruit shopping and grammar phrases · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Favors, omissions, and appearance","paragraphs":["The entries return to favors, omitted actions, negative requests, and apparent qualities.","*--てくれる* means \"do for me,\" *食べないで* means \"without eating,\" and *おいしそう* means \"appears delicious.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":214,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.037","source":"この間","translation":"the other day","reading":"このあいだ","words":[{"text":"この間","gloss":"the other day","reading":"このあいだ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.037.m4a"},{"number":215,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.038","source":"--てくれる","translation":"do for me\n(See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--てくれる","words":[{"text":"--てくれる","gloss":"do for me"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.038.m4a"},{"number":216,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.039","source":"食べないで","translation":"without eating","reading":"たべないで","words":[{"text":"食べないで","gloss":"without eating","reading":"たべないで"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.039.m4a"},{"number":217,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.040","source":"--ないでください","translation":"please don't do\n(See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--ないでください","words":[{"text":"--ないでください","gloss":"please don't do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.040.m4a"},{"number":218,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.041","source":"おいしそう","translation":"appears delicious\n(See Grammar Notes)","reading":"おいしそう","words":[{"text":"おいしそう","gloss":"looks delicious"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.041.m4a"},{"number":219,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.042","source":"それでは又 今度","translation":"next time, then","reading":"それではまたこんど","words":[{"text":"それでは又今度","gloss":"then, next time","reading":"それではまたこんど"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.042.m4a"},{"number":220,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.043","source":"だが","translation":"however, but","reading":"だが","words":[{"text":"だが","gloss":"however"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.043.m4a"},{"number":221,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.044","source":"食料品店には 果物の かんづめが 沢山 ならべて あります。","translation":"At the grocery store many canned fruits are displayed.","reading":"しょくりょうひんてんにはくだもののかんづめがたくさんならべてあります。","words":[{"text":"食料品店には果物のかんづめが沢山ならべてあります。","gloss":"many canned fruits displayed","reading":"しょくりょうひんてんにはくだもののかんづめがたくさんならべてあります。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.044.m4a"},{"number":222,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.045","source":"果物屋には サンキストレモン、 びわ、 すいか、 さくらんぼ、 ざくろなどが ならべて あります。","translation":"At the fruit store, Sunkist lemons, loquats, watermelons, cherries, pomegrantes, etc., are displayed.","reading":"くだものやにはサンキストレモン、びわ、すいか、さくらんぼ、ざくろなどがならべてあります。","words":[{"text":"果物屋にはサンキストレモン、びわ、すいか、さくらんぼ、ざくろなどがならべてあります。","gloss":"fruits are displayed","reading":"くだものやにはサンキストレモン、びわ、すいか、さくらんぼ、ざくろなどがならべてあります。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.045.m4a"},{"number":223,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.046","source":"今ばんは 夕はんを 食べないで お出でください。","translation":"Please come without eating supper tonight.","reading":"こんばんはゆうはんをたべないでおいでください。","words":[{"text":"今ばんは夕はんを食べないでお出でください。","gloss":"come without eating supper","reading":"こんばんはゆうはんをたべないでおいでください。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.046.m4a"},{"number":224,"id":"ja.dli.L036.w.047","source":"この 手紙は ふうをしないで 出します。","translation":"I mailed this letter without sealing it.","reading":"このてがみはふうをしないでだします。","words":[{"text":"この手紙はふうをしないで出します。","gloss":"mail without sealing","reading":"このてがみはふうをしないでだします。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L036.w.047.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"この間","gloss":"the other day"},{"word":"--てくれる","gloss":"do for me\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"食べないで","gloss":"without eating"},{"word":"--ないでください","gloss":"please don't do\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"おいしそう","gloss":"appears delicious\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"それでは又今度","gloss":"next time, then"},{"word":"だが","gloss":"however, but"},{"word":"食料品店には果物のかんづめが沢山ならべてあります。","gloss":"\"At the grocery store many canned fruits are displayed.\""},{"word":"果物屋にはサンキストレモン、びわ、すいか、さくらんぼ、ざくろなどがならべてあります。","gloss":"\"At the fruit store, Sunkist lemons, loquats, watermelons, cherries, pomegrantes, etc., are displayed.\""},{"word":"今ばんは夕はんを食べないでお出でください。","gloss":"\"Please come without eating supper tonight.\""},{"word":"この手紙はふうをしないで出します。","gloss":"\"I mailed this letter without sealing it.\""}],"paradigms":[]}]}