{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L038","title":"Lesson 38","stage":"Kanji and everyday Japanese","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 38: a fishing port becomes a town · dialogue 1 of 4, river depth boats and bridges · dialogue 2 of 4, factories mountains and a lake · dialogue 3 of 4, summer trips to the lake · dialogue 4 of 4, reporting apparent facts · perception drill, explaining reasons and results · perception drill, expressing possibilities · perception drill, asking about measurements · perception drill, describing apparent conditions · pattern 1 1 of 3, discussing uncertain appearances · pattern 1 2 of 3, health and everyday actions · pattern 1 3 of 3, giving reasons for choices · pattern 2 1 of 2, explaining inability and fatigue · pattern 2 2 of 2, possibilities about future events · pattern 3 1 of 3, possibilities in conversation · pattern 3 2 of 3, people things and everyday actions · pattern 3 3 of 3, turning qualities into measurements · pattern 4 1 of 2, estimating size and speed · pattern 4 2 of 2, a growing fishing port · reading selection 1 of 4, river bridges and sawmill · reading selection 2 of 4, family outings by the lake · reading selection 3 of 4, swimming and fishing together · reading selection 4 of 4, town industry and transport · questions 1 of 2, river and lake details · questions 2 of 2, harbor and bridge words · word list 1 of 4, landscape and movement words · word list 2 of 4, size and depth words · word list 3 of 4, possibility and appearance expressions · word list 4 of 4.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/38","lines":214},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/37","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/39","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"A fishing port becomes a town · Dialogue 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"A port town changes","paragraphs":["Two people study a picture of a port town. *これは 小さな 港ですから、 大きな 汽船は はいりません* means \"Since this is a small port, large steamers do not enter.\"","In *町の むこうを ながれている 川は 中々 ふかいらしいですね*, *らしい* marks the river's depth as apparent."]},{"title":"Big and small before a noun","paragraphs":["*小さな 港* means \"a small port,\" and *大きな 町* means \"a big town.\"","*大きな* and *小さな* stand only before a noun. They do not stand as the predicate."]},{"title":"Kanji: 港, 汽, 船, 工","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 場","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L038.dlg.001","source":"このえを ごらんなさい。","translation":"Please look at this picture.","reading":"このえをごらんなさい。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"え","gloss":"picture"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ごらん","gloss":"look"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L038.dlg.002","source":"うつくしい えですね。","translation":"Beautiful picture, isn't it?","reading":"うつくしいえですね。","words":[{"text":"うつくしい","gloss":"beautiful"},{"text":"え","gloss":"picture"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L038.dlg.003","source":"うつくしい 所でしょう。 これは 小さな 港ですから、 大きな 汽船は はいりません。","translation":"Isn't that a beautiful place? Since this is a small port, large steamers don't enter.","reading":"うつくしいところでしょう。これはちいさなみなとですから、おおきなきせんははいりません。","words":[{"text":"うつくしい","gloss":"beautiful"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"小さな","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさな"},{"text":"港","gloss":"port","reading":"みなと"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"汽船","gloss":"steamers","reading":"きせん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"はいり","gloss":"enter"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"do not enter"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"do not enter"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L038.dlg.004","source":"これは かなり 大きな 町ですね。","translation":"This is a fairly big town, isn't it?","reading":"これはかなりおおきなまちですね。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かなり","gloss":"fairly"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L038.dlg.005","source":"ええ、 前には 小さな ぎょ港でしたが、 かこ十年の あいだに 工場が 出来たり、 港が 大きく なったり して、 大きな 町に なりました。 それに 近くの 市から あそびに 来る人も 多く なりました。","translation":"Yes, formerly it was a small fishing port, but in the past ten years, factories were built, and the harbor was enlarged and became a big town. Besides, the number of people who come to visit from cities nearby has increased greatly, too.","reading":"ええ、まえにはちいさなぎょこうでしたが、かこじゅうねんのあいだにこうじょうができたり、みなとがおおきくなったりして、おおきなまちになりました。それにちかくのしからあそびにくるひともおおくなりました。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"前","gloss":"formerly","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"小さな","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさな"},{"text":"ぎ","gloss":"fishing port"},{"text":"ょ","gloss":"fishing port"},{"text":"港","gloss":"fishing port","reading":"こう"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"かこ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"十","gloss":"ten","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"あいだ","gloss":"period"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"工場","gloss":"factories","reading":"こうじょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"were built","reading":"でき"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"港","gloss":"harbor","reading":"みなと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大きく","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"and"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"besides"},{"text":"に","gloss":"besides"},{"text":"近く","gloss":"nearby","reading":"ちかく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"市","gloss":"cities","reading":"し"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"for pleasure"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"come","reading":"くる"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"numerous","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L038.dlg.006","source":"町の むこうを ながれている 川は 中々 ふかいらしいですね。","translation":"The river on the other side of town appears to be fairly deep, doesn't it?","reading":"まちのむこうをながれているかわはなかなかふかいらしいですね。","words":[{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"むこう","gloss":"other side"},{"text":"を","gloss":"along"},{"text":"ながれ","gloss":"flowing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"flowing"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"flowing"},{"text":"川","gloss":"river","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"中々","gloss":"fairly","reading":"なかなか"},{"text":"ふかい","gloss":"deep"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"RASHII\n\nThe auxiliary verb RASHII expresses likelihood and is translated 'to look as if,' 'to appear,' or 'to seem.' Its inflection is like that of a true adjective.\n\nExamples:\n\nANO HITO WA OKANE GA ARU RASHII DESU. \"It seems that he has money.\"\n\nANO HITO WA OKANE GA NAI RASHII DESU. \"It appears he has no money.\"\n\nKORE WA OKANE RASHII DESU. \"It seems this is money.\""},{"section":2,"text":"--NODE--\n\nFollowing the basic form of verbs and I-adjectives, and also following the NA-ending of NA-adjectives, the particle NODE indicates that the clause in which it occurs is the cause or reason for the statement that follows: It is translated 'because,' 'since,' 'as.'\n\nExamples:\n\nKOKO WA AME GA TABI TABI FURU NODE KUSA YA KI GA AOI DESU. \"Because it rains here often, trees and grass are green.\"\n\nAME GA FUTTA NODE MICHI GA WARUI. \"The road is bad because it rained.\"\n\nKONO EIGA WA YOI NODE TAKUSAN NO HITO GA ITTE MIMASU. \"Because this movie is good, many people go and see it.\"\n\nSORE WA OISHIKATTA NODE TAKUSAN TABEMASHITA. \"I ate a lot of it because it was tasty.\"\n\nSONO BOOSHI WA TAIHEN KIREI NA NODE, KAIMASHITA. \"Because the hat was pretty, I bought it.\""},{"section":3,"text":"--KA MO SHIREMASEN\n\nFollowing the basic form of verbs and I-adjectives and substantives, KA MO SHIREMASEN means 'maybe,' 'perhaps,' 'might,' or 'may,' in the sense of possibility, not of permission.\n\nExamples:\n\nANO HITO MO IKU KA MO SHIREMASEN. \"He might (may) go, too.\" \"He will possibly go, too.\"\n\nANO HITO MO ITTA KA MO SHIREMASEN. \"He might have gone, too.\"\n\nSONO JIBIKI WA TAKAI KA MO SHIREMASEN. \"That dictionary might be expensive.\"\n\nANO KATA WA AOKI-SAN KA MO SHIREMASEN. \"He may be Mr. Aoki.\""},{"section":4,"text":"OISHISA\n\nThe suffix SA expresses the extent or degree of the adjectival quality. Notice that the \"i\" of the adjective is dropped and SA is added, when turning it into a noun.\n\nExamples:\n\n| | | \nNAGAI | 'is long' | NAGASA | 'length'\nOOKII | 'is big' | OOKISA | 'size'\nATSUI | 'is hot' | ATSUSA | 'heat'\nHIROI | 'is big, is wide' | HIROSA | 'area or width'\nSHIROI | 'is white' | SHIROSA | 'whiteness'\nII | 'is good' | YOSA | 'goodness'\n\nSA may also replace the NA of the NA-adjective.\n\n| | | \nKIREI NA | 'beautiful' | KIREISA | 'beauty'\nJOOBU NA | 'healthy' | JOOBUSA | 'healthiness'\nGENKI NA | 'energetic' | GENKISA | 'energy'"},{"section":5,"text":"OOKINA, CHIISANA\n\nOOKII and CHIISAI are frequently changed to the NA-form of the adjective. However, OOKINA and CHIISANA are used only before nouns, not predicatively.\n\nFor example:\n\nKORE WA OOKINA HAKO DESU, never KONO HAKO WA OOKINA DESU."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"うつくしい","gloss":"beautiful"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"},{"word":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"小さな","gloss":"small (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"港","gloss":"port, harbor"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"大きな","gloss":"big, large (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"汽船","gloss":"steamer"},{"word":"かなり","gloss":"fairly"},{"word":"町","gloss":"town"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"前","gloss":"before, front"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"かこ","gloss":"past"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"工場","gloss":"factory"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"近く","gloss":"vicinity"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"むこう","gloss":"destination, yonder"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"川","gloss":"river"},{"word":"中々","gloss":"considerably, very"},{"word":"ふかい","gloss":"deep"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"River depth boats and bridges · Dialogue 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"A shallow river with bridges","paragraphs":["The speakers discuss the river and the boats that use it. *ふかさは 三メートル ぐらいかも 知れませんね* means \"The depth may be about three meters.\"","*大きな 船は 通れません。 小さい 舟は 通れますが* means \"Large ships cannot pass. Small boats can pass, though.\""]},{"title":"Possibility, reason, and depth","paragraphs":["In *ふかさは 三メートル ぐらいかも 知れませんね*, *かも 知れません* marks the depth as a possibility.","In *橋が かかっているので、 大きな 船は 通れません*, *ので* makes the bridges a reason large ships cannot pass.","*ふかさ* means \"depth.\" It names the measurable quality \"deep.\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 橋, 舟","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L038.dlg.007","source":"いいえ、 あまり ふかくは ありません。 ふかさは 三メートル ぐらいかも 知れませんね。","translation":"No, it isn't so deep. The depth may be about three meters.","reading":"いいえ、あまりふかくはありません。ふかさはさんメートルぐらいかもしれませんね。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very"},{"text":"ふかく","gloss":"deep"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is not"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"is not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"is not"},{"text":"ふか","gloss":"depth"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"depth"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"メートル","gloss":"meters"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"か","gloss":"might"},{"text":"も","gloss":"might"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"might","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"might"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"might"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L038.dlg.008","source":"その川を 船が 通りますか。","translation":"Do ships sail the river?","reading":"そのかわをふねがとおりますか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"川","gloss":"river","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"along"},{"text":"船","gloss":"ships","reading":"ふね"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"sail","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L038.dlg.009","source":"川が あさい上に 橋が かかっているので、 大きな 船は 通れません。 小さい 舟は 通れますが。","translation":"Large ships can't pass, because the river is shallow and, furthermore, bridges span it. Small boats can pass, though.","reading":"かわがあさいうえにはしがかかっているので、おおきなふねはとおれません。ちいさいふねはとおれますが。","words":[{"text":"川","gloss":"river","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あさい","gloss":"shallow"},{"text":"上","gloss":"furthermore","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"and"},{"text":"橋","gloss":"bridges","reading":"はし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"かかっ","gloss":"span"},{"text":"て","gloss":"span"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"span"},{"text":"の","gloss":"reason"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"船","gloss":"ships","reading":"ふね"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"通れ","gloss":"cannot pass","reading":"とおれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"cannot pass"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"cannot pass"},{"text":"小さい","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさい"},{"text":"舟","gloss":"boats","reading":"ふね"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"通れ","gloss":"can pass","reading":"とおれ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が。","gloss":"though"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L038.dlg.010","source":"橋は みんな 鉄橋ですか。","translation":"Are all bridges of steel? (Are all bridges railroad bridges?)","reading":"はしはみんなてっきょうですか。","words":[{"text":"橋","gloss":"bridges","reading":"はし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"みんな","gloss":"all"},{"text":"鉄橋","gloss":"steel bridges","reading":"てっきょう"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L038.dlg.011","source":"まん中の だけが 鉄橋です。 外のは コンクリートの 橋です。","translation":"Only the one in the middle is a railroad bridge. It is of steel. The others are of concrete.","reading":"まんなかのだけがてっきょうです。ほかのはコンクリートのはしです。","words":[{"text":"まん中","gloss":"middle"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"鉄橋","gloss":"railroad bridge","reading":"てっきょう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"外","gloss":"others","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"コンクリート","gloss":"concrete"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"橋","gloss":"bridges","reading":"はし"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L038.dlg.012","source":"川口に あるのは 何ですか。","translation":"What is that at the river mouth?","reading":"かわぐちにあるのはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"川口","gloss":"river mouth","reading":"かわぐち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"is located"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"メートル","gloss":"meter"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"通り","gloss":"street"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"あさい","gloss":"shallow"},{"word":"橋","gloss":"bridge"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"舟","gloss":"boat"},{"word":"みんな","gloss":"all"},{"word":"鉄橋","gloss":"steel bridge, railroad bridge"},{"word":"まん中","gloss":"center, middle"},{"word":"だけ","gloss":"only, just (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"コンクリート","gloss":"concrete"},{"word":"川口","gloss":"river mouth"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Factories mountains and a lake · Dialogue 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Factories and mountains","paragraphs":["The speakers identify buildings and features in the picture. *あれは せいざいしょです* means \"That is a sawmill.\"","*むこうの 方には ひくい 小山が あって、 そのむこうに 高い山が 見えますね* places low hills in front of a visible high mountain.","*ちょう上に 雪が つもっていますね* says that snow has accumulated on its summit. A lake is visible among the mountains."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L038.dlg.013","source":"あれは せいざいしょです。","translation":"That's a sawmill.","reading":"あれはせいざいしょです。","words":[{"text":"あれ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"sawmill"},{"text":"ざい","gloss":"sawmill"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"sawmill"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L038.dlg.014","source":"こちらがわの けむりの 出ているのは 工場ですか。","translation":"Is the one that is emitting smoke on this side a factory?","reading":"こちらがわのけむりのでているのはこうじょうですか。","words":[{"text":"こちら","gloss":"this"},{"text":"がわ","gloss":"side"},{"text":"の","gloss":"on"},{"text":"けむり","gloss":"smoke"},{"text":"の","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出","gloss":"coming out","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"coming out"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"coming out"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"工場","gloss":"factory","reading":"こうじょう"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L038.dlg.015","source":"はい、 あれは かんづめ 工場です。 さかなを かんづめに します。","translation":"Yes, that's a cannery. They can fish.","reading":"はい、あれはかんづめこうじょうです。さかなをかんづめにします。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"あれ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かんづめ","gloss":"cannery"},{"text":"工場","gloss":"cannery","reading":"こうじょう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かんづめ","gloss":"canned goods"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"し","gloss":"make"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L038.dlg.016","source":"むこうの 方には ひくい 小山が あって、 そのむこうに 高い山が 見えますね。","translation":"There are small mountains over yonder and beyond them you can see a high mountain, can't you?","reading":"むこうのほうにはひくいこやまがあって、そのむこうにたかいやまがみえますね。","words":[{"text":"むこう","gloss":"yonder"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"direction","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ひくい","gloss":"low"},{"text":"小山","gloss":"hills","reading":"こやま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"むこう","gloss":"beyond"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"high","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountain","reading":"やま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"見え","gloss":"can see","reading":"みえ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L038.dlg.017","source":"ええ、 ちょう上に 雪が つもっていますね。","translation":"Yes. Snow is thick on the summit.","reading":"ええ、ちょうじょうにゆきがつもっていますね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ちょう上","gloss":"summit","reading":"ちょうじょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"雪","gloss":"snow","reading":"ゆき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"つもっ","gloss":"lies thick"},{"text":"て","gloss":"lies thick"},{"text":"い","gloss":"lies thick"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"lies thick"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L038.dlg.018","source":"あちらの 山の 中に みずうみが 見えますね。","translation":"You can see a lake in the mountains over there, can't you?","reading":"あちらのやまのなかにみずうみがみえますね。","words":[{"text":"あちら","gloss":"over there"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountains","reading":"やま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中","gloss":"middle","reading":"なか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"みずうみ","gloss":"lake"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"見え","gloss":"can see","reading":"みえ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"こちら","gloss":"this, here (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"けむり","gloss":"smoke"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"かんづめ","gloss":"canned goods"},{"word":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"ひくい","gloss":"low"},{"word":"小山","gloss":"small mountain, hill"},{"word":"山","gloss":"mountain"},{"word":"ちょう上","gloss":"summit"},{"word":"雪","gloss":"snow"},{"word":"あちら","gloss":"that over there, over there"},{"word":"みずうみ","gloss":"lake"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Summer trips to the lake · Dialogue 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Summer at the lake","paragraphs":["The speakers discuss a summer destination. *あそこには 大きな みずうみが あります* means \"There is a large lake over there.\"","*夏には およいだり、 つりを したり するのに よい 所です* describes it as a good place for swimming and fishing.","*毎年 夏には 一週間 ぐらい 行きます* says that the speaker goes for about one week every summer."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L038.dlg.019","source":"ええ、 あそこには 大きな みずうみが あります。 夏には およいだり、 つりを したり するのに よい 所です。","translation":"Yes, there is a big lake over there. It is a nice place for swimming or fishing in summer.","reading":"ええ、あそこにはおおきなみずうみがあります。なつにはおよいだり、つりをしたりするのによいところです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"あそこ","gloss":"over there"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"みずうみ","gloss":"lake"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"およい","gloss":"swim"},{"text":"だり、","gloss":"or"},{"text":"つり","gloss":"fishing"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"or"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L038.dlg.020","source":"あなたは そこへ 行った 事が ありますか。","translation":"Have you ever been there?","reading":"あなたはそこへいったことがありますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"went","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"事","gloss":"experience","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L038.dlg.021","source":"ええ、 毎年 夏には 一週間 ぐらい 行きます。 子供を つれて 行ってやると、 大へん よろこびます。","translation":"Yes, I go there about one week every year in summer. When I take my children, they are very delighted.","reading":"ええ、まいねんなつにはいっしゅうかんぐらいいきます。こどもをつれていってやると、たいへんよろこびます。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"毎年","gloss":"every year","reading":"まいねん"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"週間","gloss":"week","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go"},{"text":"やる","gloss":"for them"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"大へん","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"よろこび","gloss":"are delighted"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.dlg.021.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"あそこ","gloss":"over there"},{"word":"夏","gloss":"summer"},{"word":"つり","gloss":"fishing"},{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"毎年","gloss":"every year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"やる","gloss":"to do"},{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"大へん","gloss":"very"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Reporting apparent facts · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"An apparent plan","paragraphs":["*あの人も 行く らしいです* means \"It appears that he is going too.\" The speaker reports the plan as likely, not certain."]},{"title":"It seems that","paragraphs":["*らしい* follows a verb, an adjective, or a noun. It means \"it appears\" or \"it seems.\"","*あの たて物は 病院らしいです* means \"That building apparently is a hospital.\" Its endings change like those of an I-adjective."]}],"lines":[{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp1.01","source":"あの人も 行く らしいです。","translation":"It appears that he, too, is going.","reading":"あのひともいくらしいです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"goes","reading":"いく"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"appears"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp1.02","source":"フランス語は むずかしい らしいです。","translation":"French seems to be difficult.","reading":"フランスごはむずかしいらしいです。","words":[{"text":"フランス","gloss":"French"},{"text":"語","gloss":"language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp1.03","source":"あの人は 女の人 らしいです。","translation":"That person looks like a woman.","reading":"あのひとはおんなのひとらしいです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"女","gloss":"woman","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"の","gloss":"woman"},{"text":"人","gloss":"woman","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"seems like"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp1.04","source":"あの生徒は よく べんきょうするらしいです。","translation":"That student apparently studies hard.","reading":"あのせいとはよくべんきょうするらしいです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"hard"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp1.05","source":"あの アメリカ人は 日本語が わかるらしいです。","translation":"That American apparently understands Japanese.","reading":"あのアメリカじんはにほんごがわかるらしいです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"アメリカ","gloss":"American"},{"text":"人","gloss":"American","reading":"じん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"object"},{"text":"わかる","gloss":"understands"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp1.06","source":"山田さんは 耳が 遠いらしいです。","translation":"Mr. Yamada apparently is hard of hearing.","reading":"やまださんはみみがとおいらしいです。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"hard of hearing","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"遠い","gloss":"hard of hearing","reading":"とおい"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp1.07","source":"あの先生は わかいらしいです。","translation":"That teacher apparently is young.","reading":"あのせんせいはわかいらしいです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"わかい","gloss":"young"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp1.08","source":"明日は 雨が 降らないらしいです。","translation":"Apparently it will not rain tomorrow.","reading":"あしたはあめがふらないらしいです。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降ら","gloss":"will not rain","reading":"ふら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"will not rain"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp1.09","source":"パーカーさんは 日本から 帰ったらしいです。","translation":"Mr. Parker apparently returned from Japan.","reading":"パーカーさんはにほんからかえったらしいです。","words":[{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"returned","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp1.10","source":"あの たて物は 病院らしいです。","translation":"That building apparently is a hospital.","reading":"あのたてものはびょういんらしいです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"たて物","gloss":"building"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"病院","gloss":"hospital","reading":"びょういん"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp1.11","source":"山の上を とんでいるのは ひこうきらしいです。","translation":"What is flying over the mountain apparently is an airplane.","reading":"やまのうえをとんでいるのはひこうきらしいです。","words":[{"text":"山","gloss":"mountain","reading":"やま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"上","gloss":"above","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"through"},{"text":"とん","gloss":"flying"},{"text":"で","gloss":"flying"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"flying"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ひこう","gloss":"airplane"},{"text":"き","gloss":"airplane"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp1.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"word":"女","gloss":"female"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"アメリカ","gloss":"America; U.S.A."},{"word":"遠い","gloss":"far"},{"word":"わかい","gloss":"young"},{"word":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"病院","gloss":"hospital"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"き","gloss":"counter for airplanes (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Explaining reasons and results · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"Rain and a bad road","paragraphs":["*雨が 降ったので、 道が わるいです* means \"The road is bad because it rained.\" The first clause gives the reason for the result."]},{"title":"A reason before its result","paragraphs":["The particle *ので* follows a verb or an I-adjective. After a NA-adjective, it follows *な*.","*汽車は のろいので、 ひこうきで 行きます* means \"Since the train is slow, I will go by airplane.\" The clause before *ので* gives the reason."]}],"lines":[{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp2.01","source":"雨が 降ったので、 道が わるいです。","translation":"The road is bad, because it rained.","reading":"あめがふったので、みちがわるいです。","words":[{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降っ","gloss":"fell","reading":"ふっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"道","gloss":"road","reading":"みち"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"わるい","gloss":"bad"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp2.01.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp2.02","source":"今日は さむいので、 私は 行きません。","translation":"I don't go, because it is cold today.","reading":"きょうはさむいので、わたくしはいきません。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"do not go"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"do not go"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp2.02.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp2.03","source":"とうきょうの 夏は あついので、 多くの 人々は 海や 山へ 行きます。","translation":"Since summers in Tokyo are hot, many people go to the sea or the mountains.","reading":"とうきょうのなつはあついので、おおくのひとびとはうみややまへいきます。","words":[{"text":"とうきょう","gloss":"Tokyo"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あつい","gloss":"hot"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人々","gloss":"people","reading":"ひとびと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"海","gloss":"sea","reading":"うみ"},{"text":"や","gloss":"or"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountains","reading":"やま"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp2.03.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp2.04","source":"雨が 降るので、 私は 行きません。","translation":"Since it is going to rain, I will not go.","reading":"あめがふるので、わたくしはいきません。","words":[{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"will rain","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"will not go"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"will not go"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp2.04.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp2.05","source":"汽車は のろいので、 ひこうきで 行きます。","translation":"Since the train is slow, I will go by airplane.","reading":"きしゃはのろいので、ひこうきでいきます。","words":[{"text":"汽車","gloss":"train","reading":"きしゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"のろい","gloss":"slow"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ひこ","gloss":"airplane"},{"text":"うきで","gloss":"airplane by"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp2.05.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp2.06","source":"ももが おいしいので、 三つも 食べました。","translation":"Since the peaches were delicious, I ate three of them.","reading":"ももがおいしいので、みっつもたべました。","words":[{"text":"もも","gloss":"peaches"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"おいしい","gloss":"delicious"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"みっ"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"things"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"ate","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"ate"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp2.06.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp2.07","source":"くらいので、 明りを つけました。","translation":"Since it was dark, I turned on the light.","reading":"くらいので、あかりをつけました。","words":[{"text":"くらい","gloss":"dark"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"明り","gloss":"light","reading":"あかり"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つけ","gloss":"turned on"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"turned on"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp2.07.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp2.08","source":"生徒が ふえたので、 先生が たりません。","translation":"Since the number of students has increased, there are not enough teachers.","reading":"せいとがふえたので、せんせいがたりません。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ふえ","gloss":"increased"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teachers","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"enough"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"are not enough"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"are not enough"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp2.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"道","gloss":"road, street"},{"word":"わるい","gloss":"bad"},{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"word":"あつい","gloss":"hot"},{"word":"人々","gloss":"people"},{"word":"海","gloss":"sea, ocean"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"降る","gloss":"to fall (rain) (v.i.)"},{"word":"のろい","gloss":"slow (I-adj)"},{"word":"もも","gloss":"peach"},{"word":"おいしい","gloss":"tasty, delicious"},{"word":"くらい","gloss":"dark"},{"word":"明り","gloss":"light"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Expressing possibilities · Perception drill, Block 3","teaching":[{"title":"A possible plan","paragraphs":["*生徒も 行く かも 知れません* means \"Students might go too.\" The sentence presents their going as possible, not certain."]},{"title":"Might or may","paragraphs":["*かも 知れません* follows the plain form of a verb or I-adjective, or it follows a noun. It means \"might\" or \"may.\"","*あの方は スミスさんの 奥さん かも 知れません* means \"That person might be Mr. Smith's wife.\" The expression states possibility, not permission."]}],"lines":[{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp3.01","source":"生徒も 行く かも 知れません。","translation":"Students might go, too.","reading":"せいともいくかもしれません。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"か","gloss":"might"},{"text":"も","gloss":"might"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"might","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"might"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"might"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp3.01.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp3.02","source":"さむい かも 知れませんから、 オーバーを 持って 行きなさい。","translation":"It might be cold, so take your overcoat.","reading":"さむいかもしれませんから、オーバーをもっていきなさい。","words":[{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"か","gloss":"might"},{"text":"も","gloss":"might"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"might","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"might"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"might"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"so"},{"text":"オーバー","gloss":"overcoat"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"take","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp3.02.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp3.03","source":"あの方は スミスさんの 奥さん かも 知れません。","translation":"That person might be the wife of Mr. Smith.","reading":"あのかたはスミスさんのおくさんかもしれません。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"か","gloss":"might"},{"text":"も","gloss":"might"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"might","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"might"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"might"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp3.03.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp3.04","source":"明日は さむくなる かも 知れません。","translation":"It may get cold tomorrow.","reading":"あしたはさむくなるかもしれません。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さむく","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"か","gloss":"might"},{"text":"も","gloss":"might"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"might","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"might"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"might"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp3.04.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp3.05","source":"私は 今週の 土曜日に 働くかも 知れません。","translation":"I may work this Saturday.","reading":"わたくしはこんしゅうのどようびにはたらくかもしれません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今週","gloss":"this week","reading":"こんしゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"土曜","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"どよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"び"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"働く","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらく"},{"text":"か","gloss":"might"},{"text":"も","gloss":"might"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"might","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"might"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"might"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp3.05.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp3.06","source":"今 ロスアンゼルスは あついかも 知れませんよ。","translation":"It may be hot in Los Angeles now.","reading":"いまロスアンゼルスはあついかもしれませんよ。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"ロスアンゼルス","gloss":"Los Angeles"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あつい","gloss":"hot"},{"text":"か","gloss":"might"},{"text":"も","gloss":"might"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"might","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"might"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"might"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp3.06.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp3.07","source":"山本さんは 病気かも 知れません。","translation":"Mr. Yamamoto may be sick.","reading":"やまもとさんはびょうきかもしれません。","words":[{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"sick","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"か","gloss":"may be"},{"text":"も","gloss":"may be"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"may be","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"may be"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"may be"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp3.07.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp3.08","source":"スミスさんは 日本へ 行けないかも 知れません。","translation":"Mr. Smith may not be able to go to Japan.","reading":"スミスさんはにほんへいけないかもしれません。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行け","gloss":"can go","reading":"いけ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か","gloss":"may"},{"text":"も","gloss":"may"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"may","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"may"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"may"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp3.08.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp3.09","source":"その かん字は もう 習ったかも 知れません。","translation":"We may have already learned that kanji.","reading":"そのかんじはもうならったかもしれません。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か","gloss":"may"},{"text":"も","gloss":"may"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"may","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"may"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"may"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp3.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"オーバー","gloss":"overcoat"},{"word":"今週","gloss":"this week"},{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking about measurements · Perception drill, Block 4","teaching":[{"title":"The height of a mountain","paragraphs":["*あの山の 高さは どの ぐらいでしょうか* means \"About how high is that mountain?\" *高さ* names the mountain's measurable height."]},{"title":"From a quality to a noun","paragraphs":["Drop the final *い* of an I-adjective and add *さ*. The result is a noun that names the degree of that quality.","*この 小包の 重さは どの ぐらいでしょうか* asks \"About how much does this package weigh?\" Here, *重さ* names weight."]}],"lines":[{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp4.01","source":"あの山の 高さは どの ぐらいでしょうか。","translation":"About how high is that mountain?","reading":"あのやまのたかさはどのぐらいでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountain","reading":"やま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"高","gloss":"height","reading":"たか"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"height"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp4.01.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp4.02","source":"さあ、 二千メートル ぐらいでしょう。","translation":"Well, it is probably about two thousand meters high.","reading":"さあ、にせんメートルぐらいでしょう。","words":[{"text":"さあ、","gloss":"well"},{"text":"二千","gloss":"two thousand","reading":"にせん"},{"text":"メートル","gloss":"meters"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp4.02.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp4.03","source":"この いとの 長さは どの ぐらいでしょうか。","translation":"About how long is this string?","reading":"このいとのながさはどのぐらいでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"いと","gloss":"string"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"長","gloss":"length","reading":"なが"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"length"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp4.03.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp4.04","source":"さあ、 一メートル ぐらいでしょう。","translation":"Well, it is probably about one meter long.","reading":"さあ、いちメートルぐらいでしょう。","words":[{"text":"さあ、","gloss":"well"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"メートル","gloss":"meter"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp4.04.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp4.05","source":"この 小包の 重さは どの ぐらいでしょうか。","translation":"About how much does this package weigh?","reading":"このこづつみのおもさはどのぐらいでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"小包","gloss":"package","reading":"こづつみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"重","gloss":"weight","reading":"おも"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"weight"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp4.05.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L038.gp4.06","source":"二キログラム ぐらいでしょう。","translation":"It probably weighs about two kilograms.","reading":"にキログラムぐらいでしょう。","words":[{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"キログラム","gloss":"kilograms"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.gp4.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"どの","gloss":"which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"さあ、","gloss":"well, now, here, come"},{"word":"二千","gloss":"2,000"},{"word":"いと","gloss":"thread, string"},{"word":"小包","gloss":"parcel, small package"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Describing apparent conditions · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Weather that appears likely","paragraphs":["*今日は 雨が 降る らしいです* means \"It looks like it will rain today.\" The *らしい* after the verb marks the report as apparent."]},{"title":"Apparent conditions and identities","paragraphs":["*この川は あさい らしいです* means \"This river looks shallow.\" Here, *らしい* follows the I-adjective *あさい*.","In *あれは コンクリートの 橋らしい*, *らしい* follows the noun *橋* and marks the identity as apparent."]}],"lines":[{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.01","source":"今日は 雨が 降る らしいです。","translation":"Looks like it's going to rain today.","reading":"きょうはあめがふるらしいです。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"will rain","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.02","source":"この川は あさい らしいです。","translation":"This river looks shallow.","reading":"このかわはあさいらしいです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"川","gloss":"river","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あさい","gloss":"shallow"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.03","source":"あの人は 日本人 らしいです。","translation":"He looks like a Japanese.","reading":"あのひとはにほんじんらしいです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.04","source":"この川は かなり ふかいらしい(です)。","translation":"This river apparently is fairly deep.","reading":"このかわはかなりふかいらしい(です)。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"川","gloss":"river","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かなり","gloss":"fairly"},{"text":"ふかい","gloss":"deep"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"(です)。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.05","source":"山田さんは この頃 とても いそがしいらしい(です)。","translation":"Mr. Yamada apparently has been very busy lately.","reading":"やまださんはこのごろとてもいそがしいらしい(です)。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この頃","gloss":"lately"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"(です)。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.06","source":"とうきょうの 夏は ずい分 むしあついらしい(です)。","translation":"Summers in Tokyo apparently are extremely hot and humid.","reading":"とうきょうのなつはずいぶんむしあついらしい(です)。","words":[{"text":"とうきょう","gloss":"Tokyo"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"extremely"},{"text":"むしあつい","gloss":"hot and humid"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"(です)。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.07","source":"あれは コンクリートの 橋らしい(です)。","translation":"That apparently is a concrete bridge.","reading":"あれはコンクリートのはしらしい(です)。","words":[{"text":"あれ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"コンクリート","gloss":"concrete"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"橋","gloss":"bridge","reading":"はし"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"(です)。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.08","source":"川口に あるのは せいざいしょらしい(です)。","translation":"What is at the mouth of the river apparently is a sawmill.","reading":"かわぐちにあるのはせいざいしょらしい(です)。","words":[{"text":"川口","gloss":"river mouth","reading":"かわぐち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"is located"},{"text":"の","gloss":"what"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"sawmill"},{"text":"ざい","gloss":"sawmill"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"sawmill"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"(です)。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.09","source":"山本さんの 奥さんは 入院しているらしい(です)。","translation":"Mr. Yamamoto's wife apparently is in the hospital.","reading":"やまもとさんのおくさんはにゅういんしているらしい(です)。","words":[{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"入院","gloss":"is hospitalized","reading":"にゅういん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"is hospitalized"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is hospitalized"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is hospitalized"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"(です)。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"この頃","gloss":"these days, nowadays"},{"word":"とても","gloss":"very, indeed"},{"word":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"word":"ずい分","gloss":"very much"},{"word":"むしあつい","gloss":"sultry, humid"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Discussing uncertain appearances · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A tentative answer about a bridge","paragraphs":["*あれは 木の橋ですか* asks \"Is that a wooden bridge?\" The answer *コンクリートの 橋らしいです* reports that it apparently is concrete."]},{"title":"A tentative negative report","paragraphs":["*あまり べんきょうしないらしいです* means \"Apparently he does not study very much.\" The negative form stands before *らしい*."]}],"lines":[{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.10","source":"パーカーさんは 夜も 働くらしい(です)。","translation":"Mr. Parker apparently works at night, too.","reading":"パーカーさんはよるもはたらくらしい(です)。","words":[{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"夜","gloss":"at night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"働く","gloss":"works","reading":"はたらく"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"(です)。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.11","source":"山田さんは 耳が よく 聞こえないらしいですね。","translation":"Mr. Yamada apparently cannot hear very well, can he?","reading":"やまださんはみみがよくきこえないらしいですね。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"hearing","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"聞こえ","gloss":"can hear","reading":"きこえ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.12","source":"ええ、 あの方は 耳が 遠いのです。","translation":"Yes, he is hard of hearing.","reading":"ええ、あのかたはみみがとおいのです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"hearing","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"遠い","gloss":"hard of hearing","reading":"とおい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the reason"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.13","source":"あれは 木の橋ですか。","translation":"Is that a wooden bridge?","reading":"あれはきのはしですか。","words":[{"text":"あれ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"木","gloss":"wood","reading":"き"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"橋","gloss":"bridge","reading":"はし"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.14","source":"いいえ、 コンクリートの 橋らしいです。","translation":"No, apparently it is a concrete bridge.","reading":"いいえ、コンクリートのはしらしいです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"コンクリート","gloss":"concrete"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"橋","gloss":"bridge","reading":"はし"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.15","source":"あの生徒は べんきょうしないのですか。","translation":"Does that student not study?","reading":"あのせいとはべんきょうしないのですか。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.15.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.16","source":"ええ、 あまり べんきょうしないらしいです。","translation":"No, apparently he does not study very much.","reading":"ええ、あまりべんきょうしないらしいです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.17","source":"のろい","translation":"slow","reading":"のろい","words":[{"text":"のろい","gloss":"slow"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.17.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.18","source":"あぶない","translation":"dangerous","reading":"あぶない","words":[{"text":"あぶない","gloss":"dangerous"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.18.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"夜","gloss":"night, evening"},{"word":"(です)。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"木","gloss":"tree, wood"},{"word":"あぶない","gloss":"dangerous (I-adj.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Health and everyday actions · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Health and daily actions","paragraphs":["The expressions cover health and everyday actions. *病気が うつる* means \"to catch a disease,\" and *ねつが ある* means \"to have a fever.\"","*つれて 行く* means \"to take someone along.\""]},{"title":"People and places","paragraphs":["The remaining words name occasions, places, and people. *たんじょう日* means \"birthday,\" and *しょうぎょうの 中心ち* means \"commercial center.\"","*軍人* means \"military personnel.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.19","source":"病気が うつる","translation":"to catch a disease","reading":"びょうきがうつる","words":[{"text":"病気","gloss":"disease","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"うつる","gloss":"catch"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.20","source":"耳が 聞こえない","translation":"to be unable to hear","reading":"みみがきこえない","words":[{"text":"耳","gloss":"hearing","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"聞こえ","gloss":"can hear","reading":"きこえ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.20.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.21","source":"つれて 行く","translation":"to take someone along","reading":"つれていく","words":[{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"take along","reading":"いく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.21.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.22","source":"ねつが ある","translation":"to have a fever","reading":"ねつがある","words":[{"text":"ねつ","gloss":"fever"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"have"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.22.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.23","source":"うん動する","translation":"to exercise","reading":"うんどうする","words":[{"text":"うん","gloss":"exercise"},{"text":"動","gloss":"exercise","reading":"どう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"exercise"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.23.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.24","source":"たんじょう日","translation":"birthday","reading":"たんじょうび","words":[{"text":"たんじょう","gloss":"birthday"},{"text":"日","gloss":"birthday","reading":"び"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.24.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.25","source":"しょうぎょうの 中心ち","translation":"commercial center","reading":"しょうぎょうのちゅうしんち","words":[{"text":"しょう","gloss":"commerce"},{"text":"ぎょう","gloss":"commerce"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中心","gloss":"center","reading":"ちゅうしん"},{"text":"ち","gloss":"center"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.25.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt1.26","source":"軍人","translation":"military personnel","reading":"ぐんじん","words":[{"text":"軍人","gloss":"military personnel","reading":"ぐんじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt1.26.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"うつる","gloss":"to infect, contract, catch"},{"word":"ねつ","gloss":"fever"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Giving reasons for choices · Pattern 2 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Cold weather and an overcoat","paragraphs":["*今日は さむいので、 オーバーを 着ます* means \"I will wear an overcoat because it is cold today.\" Here, *ので* connects the weather to the choice."]},{"title":"A reason can cause a result","paragraphs":["*あの店は サービスが よいので、 多くの 人が 行きます* means \"Since that store has good service, many people go there.\" The service is the reason."]}],"lines":[{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt2.01","source":"雨が 降ったので、 道が わるい。","translation":"Because it rained, the road is bad.","reading":"あめがふったので、みちがわるい。","words":[{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降っ","gloss":"fall","reading":"ふっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"道","gloss":"road","reading":"みち"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"わるい。","gloss":"bad"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt2.02","source":"今日は さむいので、 オーバーを 着ます。","translation":"I'll wear an overcoat because it's cold today.","reading":"きょうはさむいので、オーバーをきます。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"オーバー","gloss":"overcoat"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"着","gloss":"wear","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt2.03","source":"私は 耳が 遠いので、 こまります。","translation":"Since I am hard of hearing, it causes me difficulty.","reading":"わたくしはみみがとおいので、こまります。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"hearing","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"遠い","gloss":"hard of hearing","reading":"とおい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"こまり","gloss":"have difficulty"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt2.04","source":"あの店は サービスが よいので、 多くの 人が 行きます。","translation":"Since that store has good service, many people go there.","reading":"あのみせはサービスがよいので、おおくのひとがいきます。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"店","gloss":"store","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"サービス","gloss":"service"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt2.05","source":"ひる間は あったかいので、 上着は いりません。","translation":"Since it is warm during the day, you do not need a jacket.","reading":"ひるまはあったかいので、うわぎはいりません。","words":[{"text":"ひる間","gloss":"daytime"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あったかい","gloss":"warm"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"上着","gloss":"jacket","reading":"うわぎ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いり","gloss":"need"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt2.05.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt2.06","source":"雪が 降ったので、 スキーが 出来ます。","translation":"Since it snowed, we can ski.","reading":"ゆきがふったので、スキーができます。","words":[{"text":"雪","gloss":"snow","reading":"ゆき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降っ","gloss":"fall","reading":"ふっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"スキー","gloss":"skiing"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can do","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt2.07","source":"私は この頃 沢山 食べるので、 ふとります。","translation":"Since I have been eating a lot lately, I am gaining weight.","reading":"わたくしはこのごろたくさんたべるので、ふとります。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"lately"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"lately"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"a lot"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ふとり","gloss":"gain weight"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt2.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"わるい。","gloss":"bad"},{"word":"店","gloss":"store, shop"},{"word":"サービス","gloss":"service"},{"word":"あったかい","gloss":"warm"},{"word":"上着","gloss":"coat"},{"word":"スキー","gloss":"ski"},{"word":"頃","gloss":"approximate point of time (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Explaining inability and fatigue · Pattern 2 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A reason for inability","paragraphs":["*かぜを ひいたので、 来る事が 出来ませんでした* means \"I caught a cold, so I could not come.\" The *ので* after the past verb gives the reason."]},{"title":"Fatigue as appearance and result","paragraphs":["*あなたは この頃 つかれているらしいですね* reports that the person seems tired lately.","*朝早くから 夜 おそくまで くんれん するので、 つかれます* gives training as the reason for the fatigue."]}],"lines":[{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt2.08","source":"今年 新しい 自動車を 買いますか。","translation":"Will you buy a new car this year?","reading":"ことしあたらしいじどうしゃをかいますか。","words":[{"text":"今年","gloss":"this year"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt2.09","source":"買いたいのですが、 高いので 買えません。","translation":"I want to buy one, but I cannot because they are expensive.","reading":"かいたいのですが、たかいのでかえません。","words":[{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で","gloss":"because"},{"text":"買え","gloss":"can buy","reading":"かえ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt2.10","source":"あなたは 昨日 学校に 来ませんでしたね。","translation":"You did not come to school yesterday, did you?","reading":"あなたはきのうがっこうにきませんでしたね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday","reading":"きのう"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"past, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt2.11","source":"ええ、 かぜを ひいたので、 来る事が 出来ませんでした。","translation":"No, I caught a cold, so I could not come.","reading":"ええ、かぜをひいたので、くることができませんでした。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ひい","gloss":"catch"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"come","reading":"くる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act of","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can do","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"past, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt2.11.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt2.12","source":"あなたは この頃 つかれているらしいですね。","translation":"You seem to have been tired lately, haven’t you?","reading":"あなたはこのごろつかれているらしいですね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この頃","gloss":"lately"},{"text":"つか","gloss":"have been tired"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"have been tired"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have been tired"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"have been tired"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"seem"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt2.12.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt2.13","source":"ええ、 朝早くから 夜 おそくまで くんれん するので、 つかれます。","translation":"Yes, I get tired because I train from early in the morning until late at night.","reading":"ええ、あさはやくからよるおそくまでくんれんするので、つかれます。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"夜","gloss":"night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"おそく","gloss":"late"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"くんれん","gloss":"train"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"つかれ","gloss":"get tired"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt2.13.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"今年","gloss":"this year"},{"word":"車","gloss":"vehicle, car"},{"word":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday"},{"word":"かぜ","gloss":"wind"},{"word":"朝","gloss":"morning"},{"word":"おそく","gloss":"late (adverbial form of OSOI, be late, be slow)"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"くんれん","gloss":"training"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Possibilities about future events · Pattern 3 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A possible future event","paragraphs":["*今日は 雨が 降る かも 知れません* means \"It might rain today.\" The expression *かも 知れません* marks an uncertain possibility."]},{"title":"Possible conditions and identities","paragraphs":["*この川は ふかい かも 知れません* means \"This river might be deep.\" Here, *かも 知れません* follows an I-adjective.","In *あの方は アメリカ人 かも 知れません*, the expression follows a noun and marks the identity as possible."]}],"lines":[{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt3.01","source":"今日は 雨が 降る かも 知れません。","translation":"It might rain today.","reading":"きょうはあめがふるかもしれません。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"rain","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"か","gloss":"might"},{"text":"も","gloss":"might"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"might","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"might"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"might"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt3.01.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt3.02","source":"この川は ふかい かも 知れません。","translation":"This river might be deep.","reading":"このかわはふかいかもしれません。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"川","gloss":"river","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ふかい","gloss":"deep"},{"text":"か","gloss":"might"},{"text":"も","gloss":"might"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"might","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"might"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"might"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt3.02.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt3.03","source":"あの方は アメリカ人 かも 知れません。","translation":"That person might be an American.","reading":"あのかたはアメリカじんかもしれません。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"アメリカ","gloss":"American"},{"text":"人","gloss":"American","reading":"じん"},{"text":"か","gloss":"may"},{"text":"も","gloss":"may"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"may","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"may"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"may"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt3.03.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt3.04","source":"三月の おわりには、 さくらの 花が さくかも 知れません。","translation":"The cherry blossoms may bloom at the end of March.","reading":"さんがつのおわりには、さくらのはながさくかもしれません。","words":[{"text":"三","gloss":"March","reading":"さん"},{"text":"月","gloss":"March","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"おわり","gloss":"end"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さくら","gloss":"cherry blossoms"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"花","gloss":"flowers","reading":"はな"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"さく","gloss":"bloom"},{"text":"か","gloss":"may"},{"text":"も","gloss":"may"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"may","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"may"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"may"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt3.04.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt3.05","source":"私は 今週の 土曜日には 働くかも 知れません。","translation":"I may work this Saturday.","reading":"わたくしはこんしゅうのどようびにははたらくかもしれません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今週","gloss":"this week","reading":"こんしゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"土曜","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"どよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"び"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"働く","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらく"},{"text":"か","gloss":"may"},{"text":"も","gloss":"may"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"may","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"may"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"may"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt3.05.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt3.06","source":"自動車で 行くのは あぶないかも 知れません。","translation":"It may be dangerous to go by car.","reading":"じどうしゃでいくのはあぶないかもしれません。","words":[{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あぶない","gloss":"dangerous"},{"text":"か","gloss":"may"},{"text":"も","gloss":"may"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"may","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"may"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"may"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt3.06.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt3.07","source":"その りんごは まずいかも 知れません。","translation":"That apple may not taste good.","reading":"そのりんごはまずいかもしれません。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"りんご","gloss":"apple"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まずい","gloss":"not taste good"},{"text":"か","gloss":"may"},{"text":"も","gloss":"may"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"may","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"may"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"may"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt3.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"月","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"おわり","gloss":"end"},{"word":"さくら","gloss":"cherry (flower)"},{"word":"さく","gloss":"to bloom (v.i.)"},{"word":"りんご","gloss":"apple"},{"word":"まずい","gloss":"poor, tasteless"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Possibilities in conversation · Pattern 3 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Snow as a possibility","paragraphs":["*ばんには 雪が 降るかも 知れませんね* means \"It may snow this evening.\" The speaker presents snow as an uncertain possibility."]},{"title":"Agreement with an apparent report","paragraphs":["*そうらしいですね* means \"It seems so.\" Here, *らしい* agrees that the possibility appears likely.","*かも 知れません* states a possibility. *らしい* reports what appears to be true."]}],"lines":[{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt3.08","source":"それは 先生の 本かも 知れません。","translation":"That may be the teacher's book.","reading":"それはせんせいのほんかもしれません。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"か","gloss":"may"},{"text":"も","gloss":"may"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"may","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"may"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"may"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt3.08.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt3.09","source":"来週の 金曜日は 休かも 知れません。","translation":"Next Friday may be a holiday.","reading":"らいしゅうのきんようびはやすみかもしれません。","words":[{"text":"来週","gloss":"next week","reading":"らいしゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"金曜","gloss":"Friday","reading":"きんよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Friday","reading":"び"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"休","gloss":"holiday","reading":"やすみ"},{"text":"か","gloss":"may"},{"text":"も","gloss":"may"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"may","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"may"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"may"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt3.09.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt3.10","source":"この ぼうしは あなたには 少し 大きいかも 知れませんね。","translation":"This hat may be a little big for you.","reading":"このぼうしはあなたにはすこしおおきいかもしれませんね。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"ぼうし","gloss":"hat"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"か","gloss":"may"},{"text":"も","gloss":"may"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"may","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"may"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"may"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt3.10.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt3.11","source":"いいえ、 ちょう度 いいですよ。","translation":"No, it's just right.","reading":"いいえ、ちょうどいいですよ。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"ちょう","gloss":"exactly"},{"text":"度","gloss":"exactly","reading":"ど"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt3.11.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt3.12","source":"こんなに さむくては、 ばんには 雪が 降るかも 知れませんね。","translation":"Since it is this cold, it may snow this evening.","reading":"こんなにさむくては、ばんにはゆきがふるかもしれませんね。","words":[{"text":"こんな","gloss":"this much"},{"text":"に","gloss":"this much"},{"text":"さむく","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"て","gloss":"since"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ばん","gloss":"evening"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"雪","gloss":"snow","reading":"ゆき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"fall","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"か","gloss":"may"},{"text":"も","gloss":"may"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"may","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"may"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"may"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt3.12.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt3.13","source":"そうらしいですね。","translation":"It seems so, doesn’t it?","reading":"そうらしいですね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt3.13.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt3.14","source":"日本が 一番 多く ゆにゅうしている 物は 何でしょうか。","translation":"What do you suppose Japan imports the most of?","reading":"にほんがいちばんおおくゆにゅうしているものはなんでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"much","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"ゆ","gloss":"imports"},{"text":"にゅう","gloss":"imports"},{"text":"し","gloss":"imports"},{"text":"て","gloss":"imports"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"imports"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt3.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"本","gloss":"numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)"},{"word":"来週","gloss":"next week"},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ばん","gloss":"evening, night"},{"word":"一番","gloss":"number one (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"People things and everyday actions · Pattern 3 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A possible answer","paragraphs":["*食料品かも 知れませんね* means \"It may be foodstuffs.\" The expression *かも 知れません* marks the answer as possible."]},{"title":"Health, actions, and people","paragraphs":["The remaining expressions cover health, actions, a workplace, and identity. *体に わるい* means \"bad for the health,\" and *かぜを ひく* means \"to catch a cold.\"","*かんづめ工場* means \"a cannery,\" and *日本人* means \"a Japanese person.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt3.15","source":"食料品かも 知れませんね。","translation":"It may be foodstuffs.","reading":"しょくりょうひんかもしれませんね。","words":[{"text":"食料","gloss":"foodstuffs","reading":"しょくりょう"},{"text":"品","gloss":"foodstuffs","reading":"ひん"},{"text":"か","gloss":"may"},{"text":"も","gloss":"may"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"may","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"may"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"may"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt3.15.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt3.16","source":"体に わるい","translation":"Bad for the health.","reading":"からだにわるい","words":[{"text":"体","gloss":"health","reading":"からだ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"わるい","gloss":"bad"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt3.16.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt3.17","source":"おもしろい","translation":"Interesting.","reading":"おもしろい","words":[{"text":"おもしろい","gloss":"interesting"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt3.17.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt3.18","source":"おしえる","translation":"To teach.","reading":"おしえる","words":[{"text":"おしえる","gloss":"teach"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt3.18.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt3.19","source":"かぜを ひく","translation":"To catch a cold.","reading":"かぜをひく","words":[{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"a cold"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ひく","gloss":"catch"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt3.19.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt3.20","source":"かんづめ工場","translation":"A cannery.","reading":"かんづめこうじょう","words":[{"text":"かんづめ","gloss":"canned goods"},{"text":"工場","gloss":"factory","reading":"こうじょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt3.20.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt3.21","source":"日本人","translation":"A Japanese person.","reading":"にほんじん","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese person"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese person"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt3.21.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"体","gloss":"body, health"},{"word":"ひく","gloss":"to subtract (v.t.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Turning qualities into measurements · Pattern 4 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The depth of a river","paragraphs":["*この川の ふかさは 三メートル ぐらいでしょう* means \"The depth of this river probably is about three meters.\" Here, *ふかさ* is the noun for depth."]},{"title":"Measurements use quality nouns","paragraphs":["Quality nouns can name height, size, weight, length, thickness, or depth.","*この いとの 長さは 二メートル ぐらいです* means \"This string is about two meters long.\" *長さ* is the noun for length."]}],"lines":[{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt4.m1","source":"この川の ふかさは 三メートル ぐらいでしょう。","translation":"The depth of this river probably is about three meters.","reading":"このかわのふかさはさんメートルぐらいでしょう。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"川","gloss":"river","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ふか","gloss":"depth"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"depth"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"メートル","gloss":"meters"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt4.m1.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt4.01","source":"あの山の 高さは どの ぐらいでしょうか。","translation":"About how high is that mountain?","reading":"あのやまのたかさはどのぐらいでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountain","reading":"やま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"高","gloss":"height","reading":"たか"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"height"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt4.01.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt4.02","source":"あなたの くつの 大きさは どの ぐらいですか。","translation":"About what size are your shoes?","reading":"あなたのくつのおおきさはどのぐらいですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"大き","gloss":"size","reading":"おおき"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"size"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt4.02.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt4.03","source":"この 小包の 重さは どの ぐらいでしょうか。","translation":"About how much does this parcel weigh?","reading":"このこづつみのおもさはどのぐらいでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"小包","gloss":"parcel","reading":"こづつみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"重","gloss":"weight","reading":"おも"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"weight"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt4.03.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt4.04","source":"この いとの 長さは 二メートル ぐらいです。","translation":"This string is about two meters long.","reading":"このいとのながさはにメートルぐらいです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"いと","gloss":"string"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"長","gloss":"length","reading":"なが"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"length"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"メートル","gloss":"meters"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt4.04.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt4.05","source":"その 本の あつさは どの ぐらいですか。","translation":"About how thick is that book?","reading":"そのほんのあつさはどのぐらいですか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"あつ","gloss":"thickness"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"thickness"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt4.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Estimating size and speed · Pattern 4 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"An estimate of speed","paragraphs":["*あの 汽船は どの ぐらいの 早さで 走りますか* asks \"About how fast does that steamer travel?\" *早さ* names speed."]},{"title":"Approximate numerical answers","paragraphs":["*この じ書の あつさは どの ぐらい ありますか* asks about thickness. The quality noun identifies what the number measures.","*七十五ミリ ぐらい* gives an estimate of about seventy-five millimeters. *ぐらい* marks the number as approximate."]},{"title":"Kanji: 走","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt4.06","source":"あの 木の 高さは どの ぐらいでしょうか。","translation":"About how tall is that tree?","reading":"あのきのたかさはどのぐらいでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"木","gloss":"tree","reading":"き"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"高","gloss":"height","reading":"たか"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"height"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt4.06.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt4.07","source":"さあ、 十メートル ぐらいでしょう。","translation":"Well, it is probably about ten meters tall.","reading":"さあ、じゅうメートルぐらいでしょう。","words":[{"text":"さあ、","gloss":"well"},{"text":"十","gloss":"ten","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"メートル","gloss":"meters"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt4.07.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt4.08","source":"あの 汽船は どの ぐらいの 早さで 走りますか。","translation":"About how fast does that steamer travel?","reading":"あのきせんはどのぐらいのはやさではしりますか。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"汽船","gloss":"steamer","reading":"きせん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"早","gloss":"speed","reading":"はや"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"speed"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"走り","gloss":"travel","reading":"はしり"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt4.08.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt4.09","source":"さあ、 よく 知りませんが、 一時間 十六マイル ぐらいでしょう。","translation":"Well, I don't know exactly, but probably about sixteen miles an hour.","reading":"さあ、よくしりませんが、いちじかんじゅうろくマイルぐらいでしょう。","words":[{"text":"さあ、","gloss":"well"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"exactly"},{"text":"知り","gloss":"know","reading":"しり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hour","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"十","gloss":"sixteen","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"六","gloss":"sixteen","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"マイル","gloss":"miles"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt4.09.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt4.10","source":"この じ書の あつさは どの ぐらい ありますか。","translation":"About how thick is this dictionary?","reading":"このじしょのあつさはどのぐらいありますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"じ","gloss":"dictionary"},{"text":"書","gloss":"dictionary","reading":"しょ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"あつ","gloss":"thickness"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"thickness"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there is"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt4.10.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L038.pt4.11","source":"さあ、 七十五ミリ ぐらい ありましょう。","translation":"Well, it is probably about seventy-five millimeters thick.","reading":"さあ、ななじゅうごミリぐらいありましょう。","words":[{"text":"さあ、","gloss":"well"},{"text":"七十","gloss":"seventy-five","reading":"ななじゅう"},{"text":"五","gloss":"seventy-five","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ミリ","gloss":"millimeters"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.pt4.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"時間","gloss":"hour, time"},{"word":"六","gloss":"six"},{"word":"マイル","gloss":"mile"},{"word":"じ","gloss":"character, word"},{"word":"七十","gloss":"70"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"A growing fishing port · Reading Selection 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"From fishing port to shipping town","paragraphs":["The passage describes a town that ships oranges and cans fish. *この 町の 工場で かんづめに します* says that factories in the town make the fish into canned goods.","*小さな ぎょ港でしたが、 今では 大きな 汽船も 沢山 はいって 来ます* contrasts the former small fishing port with its present traffic.","*小さな* and *大きな*, as in *小さな 港* and *大きな 町*, stand before their nouns."]}],"lines":[{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.001","source":"これは かなり 大きな 町です。","translation":"This is a fairly big town.","reading":"これはかなりおおきなまちです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かなり","gloss":"fairly"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.002","source":"近くの 山では、 みかんを","translation":"In the nearby mountains, mandarin oranges","reading":"ちかくのやまでは、みかんを","words":[{"text":"近く","gloss":"nearby","reading":"ちかく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountains","reading":"やま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"みかん","gloss":"mandarin oranges"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.003","source":"沢山 作っていますから、 それを この 町から 汽車や 汽船で","translation":"are grown in large quantities, so they are sent from this town by train or steamer","reading":"たくさんつくっていますから、それをこのまちからきしゃやきせんで","words":[{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"作っ","gloss":"are grown","reading":"つくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are grown"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are grown"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are grown"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"they"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"汽車","gloss":"train","reading":"きしゃ"},{"text":"や","gloss":"or"},{"text":"汽船","gloss":"steamer","reading":"きせん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.004","source":"大きな 市に 送ります。","translation":"to large cities.","reading":"おおきなしにおくります。","words":[{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"市","gloss":"cities","reading":"し"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"送り","gloss":"send","reading":"おくり"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.005","source":"又 近くの 海から さかなを 沢山","translation":"Also, from the nearby sea, a great many fish","reading":"またちかくのうみからさかなをたくさん","words":[{"text":"又","gloss":"also","reading":"また"},{"text":"近く","gloss":"nearby","reading":"ちかく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"海","gloss":"sea","reading":"うみ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.006","source":"とって、 この 町の 工場で かんづめに します。","translation":"are caught and made into canned goods at factories in this town.","reading":"とって、このまちのこおじょおでかんづめにします。","words":[{"text":"とっ","gloss":"are caught"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"are caught"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"工場","gloss":"factories","reading":"こおじょお"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"かんづめ","gloss":"canned goods"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"し","gloss":"make"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.007","source":"前には この 港は","translation":"Formerly, this port","reading":"まえにはこのみなとは","words":[{"text":"前","gloss":"formerly","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"港","gloss":"port","reading":"みなと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.008","source":"小さな ぎょ港でしたが、 今では 大きな 汽船も 沢山 はいって 来ます。","translation":"was a small fishing port, but now many large steamers enter it too.","reading":"ちいさなぎょみなとでしたが、いまではおおきなきせんもたくさんはいってきます。","words":[{"text":"小さな","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさな"},{"text":"ぎ","gloss":"fishing port"},{"text":"ょ","gloss":"fishing port"},{"text":"港","gloss":"fishing port","reading":"みなと"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"汽船","gloss":"steamers","reading":"きせん"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"はいっ","gloss":"enter"},{"text":"て","gloss":"enter"},{"text":"来","gloss":"enter","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"enter"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.008.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"みかん","gloss":"tangerine"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"River bridges and sawmill · Reading Selection 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"The river beyond the town","paragraphs":["The passage follows a river past bridges to a sawmill. *ふかさは 三メートル ぐらい* gives its depth as about three meters.","*小さな 舟が 時々 走っています* says that small boats travel on it sometimes. Here, *ふかさ* names the measurable quality \"depth.\"","*川口には せいざいしょが あります* places the sawmill at the river mouth."]}],"lines":[{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.009","source":"町の むこうには、 かなり ふかい 川が ながれています。","translation":"A fairly deep river flows on the other side of town.","reading":"まちのむこうには、かなりふかいかわがながれています。","words":[{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"むこう","gloss":"other side"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かなり","gloss":"fairly"},{"text":"ふかい","gloss":"deep"},{"text":"川","gloss":"river","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ながれ","gloss":"flows"},{"text":"て","gloss":"flows"},{"text":"い","gloss":"flows"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"flows"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.010","source":"ふかさは 三メートル ぐらいで、 その 上に 橋が 三つ かかっていますから、","translation":"It is about three meters deep, and since there are three bridges over it,","reading":"ふかさはさんメートルぐらいで、そのうえにはしがみっつかかっていますから、","words":[{"text":"ふか","gloss":"depth"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"depth"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"メートル","gloss":"meters"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"上","gloss":"above","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"橋","gloss":"bridges","reading":"はし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"みっ"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"three"},{"text":"かかっ","gloss":"span"},{"text":"て","gloss":"span"},{"text":"い","gloss":"span"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"span"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.011","source":"大きな 船は 通れません。","translation":"large ships cannot pass through.","reading":"おおきなふねはとおれません。","words":[{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"船","gloss":"ships","reading":"ふね"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"通れ","gloss":"cannot pass","reading":"とおれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"cannot pass"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"cannot pass"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.012","source":"小さな 舟が 時々 走っています。","translation":"Small boats travel on it from time to time.","reading":"ちいさなふねがときどきはしっています。","words":[{"text":"小さな","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさな"},{"text":"舟","gloss":"boats","reading":"ふね"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"走っ","gloss":"travel","reading":"はしっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"travel"},{"text":"い","gloss":"travel"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"travel"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.012.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.013","source":"川口には せいざいしょが あります。","translation":"There is a sawmill at the mouth of the river.","reading":"かわぐちにはせいざいしょがあります。","words":[{"text":"川口","gloss":"river mouth","reading":"かわぐち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"sawmill"},{"text":"ざい","gloss":"sawmill"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"sawmill"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there is"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.013.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.014","source":"多くの 人が そこで","translation":"Many people there","reading":"おおくのひとがそこで","words":[{"text":"多く","gloss":"many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.014.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.015","source":"働いています。","translation":"are working.","reading":"はたらいています。","words":[{"text":"働い","gloss":"are working","reading":"はたらい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are working"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are working"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"are working"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.015.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.016","source":"小山の むこうに 高い山が 見えます。","translation":"A high mountain can be seen beyond the hill.","reading":"こやまのむこうにたかいやまがみえます。","words":[{"text":"小山","gloss":"hill","reading":"こやま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"むこう","gloss":"beyond"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"high","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountain","reading":"やま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"見え","gloss":"can be seen","reading":"みえ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.016.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は、","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"時々","gloss":"sometimes, occasionally"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Family outings by the lake · Reading Selection 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Winter snow and a summer lake","paragraphs":["The passage moves from snow on low mountains to summer trips at a lake. *降るので、 ひくい山の ちょう上にも 雪が つもります* gives snowfall as the reason snow accumulates.","*大きな みずうみ* uses *大きな* before the noun \"lake.\"","*毎年 子供を つれて 一週間ぐらい あそびに 行きます* describes an annual family visit of about one week."]}],"lines":[{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.017","source":"冬には 雪が","translation":"In winter, snow","reading":"ふゆにはゆきが","words":[{"text":"冬","gloss":"winter","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"雪","gloss":"snow","reading":"ゆき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.017.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.018","source":"降るので、 ひくい山の ちょう上にも 雪が つもります。","translation":"falls, so snow piles up even on the tops of the low mountains.","reading":"ふるので、ひくいやまのちょおじょおにもゆきがつもります。","words":[{"text":"降る","gloss":"falls","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ひくい","gloss":"low"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountains","reading":"やま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ちょう上","gloss":"summits"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"雪","gloss":"snow","reading":"ゆき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"piles up"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.018.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.019","source":"右の方に みずうみが 見えます。","translation":"A lake can be seen on the right.","reading":"みぎのほうにみずうみがみえます。","words":[{"text":"右","gloss":"right","reading":"みぎ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"方","gloss":"side","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"みずうみ","gloss":"lake"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"見え","gloss":"can be seen","reading":"みえ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.019.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.020","source":"大きな みずうみで、","translation":"It is a large lake, and","reading":"おおきなみずうみで、","words":[{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"みずうみ","gloss":"lake"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is, and"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.020.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.021","source":"夏になると、 大ぜいの 人が あそびに 行きます。","translation":"when summer comes, many people go there for recreation.","reading":"なつになると、おおぜいのひとがあそびにいきます。","words":[{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"comes"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"大ぜい","gloss":"many","reading":"おおぜい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"recreation"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.021.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.022","source":"私も 毎年 子供を","translation":"Every year, I also take my children","reading":"わたくしもまいねんこどもを","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"毎年","gloss":"every year","reading":"まいねん"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.022.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.023","source":"つれて 一週間ぐらい あそびに 行きます。","translation":"and go there for about a week.","reading":"つれていっしゅうかんぐらいあそびにいきます。","words":[{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"週間","gloss":"week","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"recreation"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.023.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.024","source":"子供たちは つりを したり、","translation":"The children fish and","reading":"こどもたちはつりをしたり、","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"group"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"つり","gloss":"fishing"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"and such"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"冬","gloss":"winter"},{"word":"大ぜい","gloss":"crowd (of people)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Swimming and fishing together · Reading Selection 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Who may join the outing","paragraphs":["The passage finishes the family outing and adds possible companions. *一しょに 行くかも 知れません* says that Mr. Jones may go with them.","*つりを したりするのが 好きらしいです* reports that his children apparently like fishing. The two forms separate possibility from apparent preference."]}],"lines":[{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.025","source":"およいだりして、 おもしろく あそびます。","translation":"and swim, and have a good time.","reading":"およいだりして、おもしろくあそびます。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"swim"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"swim"},{"text":"だり","gloss":"swim"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"おもしろく","gloss":"enjoyably"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"have fun"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.025.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.026","source":"今年は ジョンズさんも","translation":"This year, Mr. Jones too","reading":"ことしはジョンズさんも","words":[{"text":"今年","gloss":"this year","reading":"ことし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.026.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.027","source":"一しょに 行くかも 知れません。","translation":"may go with us.","reading":"いっしょにいくかもしれません。","words":[{"text":"一しょ","gloss":"together","reading":"いっしょ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"か","gloss":"may"},{"text":"も","gloss":"may"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"may","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"may"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"may"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.027.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.028","source":"ジョンズさんの お子さんも およいだり、","translation":"Mr. Jones's children also swim and","reading":"ジョンズさんのおこさんもおよいだり、","words":[{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"お","gloss":"children"},{"text":"子","gloss":"children","reading":"こ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"children"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"およい","gloss":"swim"},{"text":"だり、","gloss":"and such"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.028.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"ja.dli.L038.rd.029","source":"つりを したりするのが 好きらしいです。","translation":"seem to like fishing.","reading":"つりをしたりするのがすきらしいです。","words":[{"text":"つり","gloss":"fishing"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"activity"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"seem to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.rd.029.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"好き","gloss":"to like, be fond of (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Town industry and transport · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Town and river facts","paragraphs":["The questions ask about the town's size, products, transport, factories, and river. *町の むこうを ながれている 川は ふかいらしいですか* asks whether the river appears deep.","*ふかさは どの ぐらいでしょうか* asks for an approximate depth. An answer gives the measurement, while other answers identify a place, product, vehicle, or number."]}],"lines":[{"number":157,"id":"ja.dli.L038.q.001","source":"この えの 町は かなり 大きな 町ですか。","translation":"Is the town in this picture a fairly big town?","reading":"このえのまちはかなりおおきなまちですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"え","gloss":"picture"},{"text":"の","gloss":"in"},{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かなり","gloss":"fairly"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.q.001.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"ja.dli.L038.q.002","source":"近くの 山では、 何を 作っていますか。","translation":"What do they grow in the nearby mountains?","reading":"ちかくのやまでは、なにをつくっていますか。","words":[{"text":"近く","gloss":"nearby","reading":"ちかく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountains","reading":"やま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"作っ","gloss":"are growing","reading":"つくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are growing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are growing"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are growing"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.q.002.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"ja.dli.L038.q.003","source":"それは 何で 外の 市へ 送りますか。","translation":"How is it sent to other cities?","reading":"それはなんでそとのしへおくりますか。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"it"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"そと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"市","gloss":"cities","reading":"し"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"to"},{"text":"送り","gloss":"send","reading":"おくり"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.q.003.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"ja.dli.L038.q.004","source":"この 港は ぎょ港ですか。","translation":"Is this port a fishing port?","reading":"このみなとはぎょみなとですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"港","gloss":"port","reading":"みなと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ぎ","gloss":"fishing port"},{"text":"ょ","gloss":"fishing port"},{"text":"港","gloss":"fishing port","reading":"みなと"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.q.004.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"ja.dli.L038.q.005","source":"港には 大きな 汽船が はいりますか。","translation":"Do large steamers enter the port?","reading":"みなとにはおおきなきせんがはいりますか。","words":[{"text":"港","gloss":"port","reading":"みなと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"汽船","gloss":"steamers","reading":"きせん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"はいり","gloss":"enter"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.q.005.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"ja.dli.L038.q.006","source":"町の むこうを ながれている 川は ふかいらしいですか。","translation":"Does the river flowing on the other side of town appear to be deep?","reading":"まちのむこうをながれているかわはふかいらしいですか。","words":[{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"むこう","gloss":"other side"},{"text":"を","gloss":"along"},{"text":"ながれ","gloss":"is flowing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is flowing"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is flowing"},{"text":"川","gloss":"river","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ふかい","gloss":"deep"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"appears"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.q.006.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"ja.dli.L038.q.007","source":"ふかさは どの ぐらいでしょうか。","translation":"About how deep is it?","reading":"ふかさはどのぐらいでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"ふか","gloss":"depth"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"depth"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"much"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.q.007.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"ja.dli.L038.q.008","source":"この 町には どんな 工場が ありますか。","translation":"What kind of factories are there in this town?","reading":"このまちにはどんなこおじょおがありますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"工場","gloss":"factories","reading":"こおじょお"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.q.008.m4a"},{"number":165,"id":"ja.dli.L038.q.009","source":"何の かんづめを こしらえていますか。","translation":"What kind of canned goods do they make?","reading":"なんのかんづめをこしらえていますか。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"what kind","reading":"なん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"かんづめ","gloss":"canned goods"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"こしらえ","gloss":"are making"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are making"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are making"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are making"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.q.009.m4a"},{"number":166,"id":"ja.dli.L038.q.010","source":"この川には 橋が いくつ かかっていますか。","translation":"How many bridges cross this river?","reading":"このかわにははしがいくつかかっていますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"川","gloss":"river","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"over"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"橋","gloss":"bridges","reading":"はし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いく","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"かかっ","gloss":"cross"},{"text":"て","gloss":"cross"},{"text":"い","gloss":"cross"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"cross"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.q.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"River and lake details · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Reasons, places, and apparent facts","paragraphs":["The questions ask why ships cannot pass, why a summit looks white, where landmarks stand, and what the family does.","*大きな 船は なぜ 川を 通りませんか* calls for a reason.","*川口に あるのは かんづめ工場らしいですか* asks whether the riverside building appears to be a cannery. Answers give a reason, location, activity, or apparent identity."]},{"title":"Kanji: 白","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":167,"id":"ja.dli.L038.q.011","source":"みんな 鉄橋ですか。","translation":"Are they all iron bridges?","reading":"みんなてっきょおですか。","words":[{"text":"みんな","gloss":"all"},{"text":"鉄橋","gloss":"iron bridges","reading":"てっきょお"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.q.011.m4a"},{"number":168,"id":"ja.dli.L038.q.012","source":"大きな 船は なぜ 川を 通りませんか。","translation":"Why do large ships not sail the river?","reading":"おおきなふねはなぜかわをとおりませんか。","words":[{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"船","gloss":"ships","reading":"ふね"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"川","gloss":"river","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"along"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"sail","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.q.012.m4a"},{"number":169,"id":"ja.dli.L038.q.013","source":"どんな 舟が 時々 川を 走っていますか。","translation":"What kind of boats sometimes travel along the river?","reading":"どんなふねがときどきかわをはしっていますか。","words":[{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"舟","gloss":"boats","reading":"ふね"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"川","gloss":"river","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"along"},{"text":"走っ","gloss":"are traveling","reading":"はしっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are traveling"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are traveling"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are traveling"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.q.013.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"ja.dli.L038.q.014","source":"せいざいしょは どこに ありますか。","translation":"Where is the sawmill?","reading":"せいざいしょはどこにありますか。","words":[{"text":"せい","gloss":"sawmill"},{"text":"ざい","gloss":"sawmill"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"sawmill"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is located"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.q.014.m4a"},{"number":171,"id":"ja.dli.L038.q.015","source":"山の ちょう上は なぜ 白く 見えますか。","translation":"Why does the top of the mountain look white?","reading":"やまのちょおじょおはなぜしろくみえますか。","words":[{"text":"山","gloss":"mountain","reading":"やま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ちょう上","gloss":"summit"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"白く","gloss":"white","reading":"しろく"},{"text":"見え","gloss":"looks","reading":"みえ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.q.015.m4a"},{"number":172,"id":"ja.dli.L038.q.016","source":"右の 方には 何が 見えますか。","translation":"What can you see on the right?","reading":"みぎのほうにはなにがみえますか。","words":[{"text":"右","gloss":"right","reading":"みぎ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"side","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"見え","gloss":"can see","reading":"みえ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.q.016.m4a"},{"number":173,"id":"ja.dli.L038.q.017","source":"私は 子供を つれて 毎年 どこへ 行きますか。","translation":"Where do I go every year with my children?","reading":"わたくしはこどもをつれてまいねんどこへいきますか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"毎年","gloss":"every year","reading":"まいねん"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.q.017.m4a"},{"number":174,"id":"ja.dli.L038.q.018","source":"子供たちは 何が 好きですか。","translation":"What do the children like?","reading":"こどもたちはなにがすきですか。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"group"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.q.018.m4a"},{"number":175,"id":"ja.dli.L038.q.019","source":"川口に あるのは かんづめ工場らしいですか。","translation":"Does the one at the mouth of the river appear to be a cannery?","reading":"かわぐちにあるのはかんづめこおじょおらしいですか。","words":[{"text":"川口","gloss":"river mouth","reading":"かわぐち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かんづめ","gloss":"cannery"},{"text":"工場","gloss":"cannery","reading":"こおじょお"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"appears"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.q.019.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"なぜ","gloss":"why?"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Harbor and bridge words · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"A port and its structures","paragraphs":["The words cover harbors, vessels, factories, bridges, materials, and locations.","*港* means \"port\" or \"harbor.\" *鉄橋* means \"steel bridge\" or \"railroad bridge.\" *川口* means \"river mouth.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":176,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.001","source":"港","translation":"port, harbor","reading":"みなと","words":[{"text":"港","gloss":"port","reading":"みなと"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.001.m4a"},{"number":177,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.002","source":"汽船","translation":"steamer","reading":"きせん","words":[{"text":"汽船","gloss":"steamer","reading":"きせん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.002.m4a"},{"number":178,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.003","source":"ぎょ港","translation":"fishing port","reading":"ぎょみなと","words":[{"text":"ぎょ港","gloss":"fishing port","reading":"ぎょみなと"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.003.m4a"},{"number":179,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.004","source":"工場","translation":"factory","reading":"こおじょお","words":[{"text":"工場","gloss":"factory","reading":"こおじょお"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.004.m4a"},{"number":180,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.005","source":"舟","translation":"boat","reading":"ふね","words":[{"text":"舟","gloss":"boat","reading":"ふね"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.005.m4a"},{"number":181,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.006","source":"橋","translation":"bridge","reading":"はし","words":[{"text":"橋","gloss":"bridge","reading":"はし"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.006.m4a"},{"number":182,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.007","source":"鉄橋","translation":"steel bridge, railroad bridge","reading":"てっきょお","words":[{"text":"鉄橋","gloss":"steel bridge","reading":"てっきょお"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.007.m4a"},{"number":183,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.008","source":"コンクリート","translation":"concrete","reading":"コンクリート","words":[{"text":"コンクリート","gloss":"concrete"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.008.m4a"},{"number":184,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.009","source":"まん中","translation":"center, middle","reading":"まんなか","words":[{"text":"まん中","gloss":"middle","reading":"まんなか"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.009.m4a"},{"number":185,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.010","source":"川口","translation":"river mouth","reading":"かわぐち","words":[{"text":"川口","gloss":"river mouth","reading":"かわぐち"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ぎょ港","gloss":"fishing port"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Landscape and movement words · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Landscape and movement","paragraphs":["The words cover landscape features, depth, time, flowing, and the ability to pass.","*みずうみ* means \"lake.\" *ふかさ* means \"depth.\" *通れる* means \"to be able to pass.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":186,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.011","source":"せいざいしょ","translation":"sawmill","reading":"せいざいしょ","words":[{"text":"せいざいしょ","gloss":"sawmill"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.011.m4a"},{"number":187,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.012","source":"けむり","translation":"smoke","reading":"けむり","words":[{"text":"けむり","gloss":"smoke"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.012.m4a"},{"number":188,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.013","source":"小山","translation":"small mountain, hill","reading":"こやま","words":[{"text":"小山","gloss":"hill","reading":"こやま"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.013.m4a"},{"number":189,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.014","source":"ちょう上","translation":"summit","reading":"ちょおじょお","words":[{"text":"ちょう上","gloss":"summit","reading":"ちょおじょお"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.014.m4a"},{"number":190,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.015","source":"みずうみ","translation":"lake","reading":"みずうみ","words":[{"text":"みずうみ","gloss":"lake"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.015.m4a"},{"number":191,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.016","source":"ふかさ","translation":"depth (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"ふかさ","words":[{"text":"ふかさ","gloss":"depth"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.016.m4a"},{"number":192,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.017","source":"毎年","translation":"every year","reading":"まいねん","words":[{"text":"毎年","gloss":"every year","reading":"まいねん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.017.m4a"},{"number":193,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.018","source":"かこ","translation":"past","reading":"かこ","words":[{"text":"かこ","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.018.m4a"},{"number":194,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.019","source":"ながれる","translation":"to flow (v.i.)","reading":"ながれる","words":[{"text":"ながれる","gloss":"flow"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.019.m4a"},{"number":195,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.020","source":"通れる","translation":"to be able to pass","reading":"とおれる","words":[{"text":"通れる","gloss":"can pass","reading":"とおれる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"せいざいしょ","gloss":"sawmill"},{"word":"ふかさ","gloss":"depth (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ながれる","gloss":"to flow (v.i.)"},{"word":"通れる","gloss":"to be able to pass"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Size and depth words · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Actions and physical qualities","paragraphs":["The words cover accumulation, movement, beauty, size, depth, and height.","*走る* means \"to run\" or \"to sail.\" *小さな* means \"small,\" and *大きな* means \"big\" or \"large.\"","Both size forms stand before a noun."]}],"lines":[{"number":196,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.021","source":"つもる","translation":"to pile on, accumulate","reading":"つもる","words":[{"text":"つもる","gloss":"accumulate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.021.m4a"},{"number":197,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.022","source":"よろこぶ","translation":"to rejoice, be delighted","reading":"よろこぶ","words":[{"text":"よろこぶ","gloss":"rejoice"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.022.m4a"},{"number":198,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.023","source":"橋がかかる","translation":"bridge spans","reading":"はしがかかる","words":[{"text":"橋がかかる","gloss":"bridge spans","reading":"はしがかかる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.023.m4a"},{"number":199,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.024","source":"走る","translation":"to run, sail","reading":"はしる","words":[{"text":"走る","gloss":"run or sail","reading":"はしる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.024.m4a"},{"number":200,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.025","source":"うつくしい","translation":"beautiful","reading":"うつくしい","words":[{"text":"うつくしい","gloss":"beautiful"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.025.m4a"},{"number":201,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.026","source":"小さな","translation":"small (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"ちいさな","words":[{"text":"小さな","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさな"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.026.m4a"},{"number":202,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.027","source":"大きな","translation":"big, large (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"おおきな","words":[{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.027.m4a"},{"number":203,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.028","source":"ふかい","translation":"deep","reading":"ふかい","words":[{"text":"ふかい","gloss":"deep"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.028.m4a"},{"number":204,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.029","source":"あさい","translation":"shallow","reading":"あさい","words":[{"text":"あさい","gloss":"shallow"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.029.m4a"},{"number":205,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.030","source":"ひくい","translation":"low","reading":"ひくい","words":[{"text":"ひくい","gloss":"low"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.030.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"つもる","gloss":"to pile on, accumulate"},{"word":"よろこぶ","gloss":"to rejoice, be delighted"},{"word":"橋がかかる","gloss":"bridge spans"},{"word":"走る","gloss":"to run, sail"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Possibility and appearance expressions · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Possibility, reason, and appearance","paragraphs":["The words cover possibility, reason, apparent fact, and examples of motion and appearance.","*かも知れません* means \"maybe\" or \"might.\" *ので* means \"because\" or \"since.\" *白いのは 雪らしいです* means \"Those white things look like snow.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":206,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.031","source":"--かも知れません","translation":"maybe, might (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"--かもしれません","words":[{"text":"--かも知れません","gloss":"might","reading":"--かもしれません"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.031.m4a"},{"number":207,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.032","source":"--ので","translation":"because, since (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"--ので","words":[{"text":"--ので","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.032.m4a"},{"number":208,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.033","source":"中々","translation":"considerably, very","reading":"なかなか","words":[{"text":"中々","gloss":"considerably","reading":"なかなか"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.033.m4a"},{"number":209,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.034","source":"--らしい","translation":"it seems, appears (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"--らしい","words":[{"text":"--らしい","gloss":"seems"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.034.m4a"},{"number":210,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.035","source":"汽船が 走っ ています。","translation":"The steamship is running.","reading":"きせんがはしっています。","words":[{"text":"汽船が走っています。","gloss":"steamship is running","reading":"きせんがはしっています。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.035.m4a"},{"number":211,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.036","source":"汽車が 走っています。","translation":"The train is running.","reading":"きしゃがはしっています。","words":[{"text":"汽車が走っています。","gloss":"train is running","reading":"きしゃがはしっています。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.036.m4a"},{"number":212,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.037","source":"子供が 家の 前を 走っています。","translation":"Children are running in front of a house.","reading":"こどもがいえのまえをはしっています。","words":[{"text":"子供が家の前を走っています。","gloss":"children running by house","reading":"こどもがいえのまえをはしっています。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.037.m4a"},{"number":213,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.038","source":"白いのは 雪らしいです。","translation":"Those white things look like snow.","reading":"しろいのはゆきらしいです。","words":[{"text":"白いのは雪らしいです。","gloss":"white things resemble snow","reading":"しろいのはゆきらしいです。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.038.m4a"},{"number":214,"id":"ja.dli.L038.w.039","source":"工場から 白い けむりが 出ています。","translation":"White smoke is coming out of a factory.","reading":"こうじょうからしろいけむりがでています。","words":[{"text":"工場から白いけむりが出ています。","gloss":"white smoke from factory","reading":"こうじょうからしろいけむりがでています。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L038.w.039.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"--かも知れません","gloss":"maybe, might (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"--ので","gloss":"because, since (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"--らしい","gloss":"it seems, appears (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"汽船が走っています。","gloss":"\"The steamship is running.\""},{"word":"汽車が走っています。","gloss":"\"The train is running.\""},{"word":"子供が家の前を走っています。","gloss":"\"Children are running in front of a house.\""},{"word":"白いのは雪らしいです。","gloss":"\"Those white things look like snow.\""},{"word":"工場から白いけむりが出ています。","gloss":"\"White smoke is coming out of a factory.\""}],"paradigms":[]}]}