{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L039","title":"Lesson 39","stage":"Kanji and everyday Japanese","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 39: actions just before and after · perception drill, giving several reasons · perception drill, comparing degrees and abilities · perception drill, saying what things resemble · perception drill, actions about to happen · pattern 1 1 of 2, asking about current actions · pattern 1 2 of 2, stacking reasons and descriptions · pattern 2 1 of 2, explaining why you are busy · pattern 2 2 of 2, comparing speed and skill · pattern 3 1 of 2, comparing people's abilities · pattern 3 2 of 2, describing likeness and examples · pattern 4 1 of 2, springlike weather and similar things · pattern 4 2 of 2, monterey harbor and railway · reading selection 1 of 4, trains and fishing boats · reading selection 2 of 4, fishing boat routines · reading selection 3 of 4, seaside visitors and vehicles · reading selection 4 of 4, monterey harbor and canneries · questions 1 of 2, visitors to monterey · questions 2 of 2, railway and resort words · word list 1 of 4, countryside and transport words · word list 2 of 4, movement and timing expressions · word list 3 of 4, comparing cars and trains · word list 4 of 4.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/39","lines":171},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/38","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/40","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Actions just before and after · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"Returned this moment","paragraphs":["*今 学校から 帰った ところです* means \"I have returned from school this moment.\"","The past form *帰った* before *ところです* places the action immediately after its completion.","The verb form before *ところです* identifies the moment of the action."]},{"title":"Three moments of an action","paragraphs":["The dictionary form means the action is about to begin. *今から 夕はんを 食べる ところです* means \"I am about to eat supper.\"","*私は 今 夕はんを 食べている ところです* means \"I am eating supper now.\"","The TE-form with *いる* means the action is happening now."]},{"title":"Kanji: 散","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 歩","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp1.01","source":"今 学校から 帰った ところです。","translation":"I have just returned from school.","reading":"いまがっこうからかえったところです。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"return","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"just now"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp1.02","source":"今から 夕はんを 食べる ところです。","translation":"I am about to eat supper.","reading":"いまからゆうはんをたべるところです。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"夕はん","gloss":"supper","reading":"ゆうはん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"about to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp1.03","source":"私は 今 夕はんを 食べている ところです。","translation":"I am eating supper now.","reading":"わたくしはいまゆうはんをたべているところです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"夕はん","gloss":"supper","reading":"ゆうはん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"am eating","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am eating"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"am eating"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"right now"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp1.04","source":"今 食べはじめた ところです。","translation":"I have just started eating.","reading":"いまたべはじめたところです。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"はじめ","gloss":"start"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"just now"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp1.05","source":"今 学校が おわった ところです。","translation":"School has just ended.","reading":"いまがっこうがおわったところです。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"おわっ","gloss":"end"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"just now"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp1.06","source":"今から 買物に 出かける ところです。","translation":"I am about to go shopping.","reading":"いまからかいものにでかけるところです。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"買物","gloss":"shopping","reading":"かいもの"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"出かける","gloss":"go out","reading":"でかける"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"about to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp1.07","source":"今 学校が はじまる ところです。","translation":"School is about to begin.","reading":"いまがっこうがはじまるところです。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"はじまる","gloss":"begin"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"about to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp1.08","source":"今 家を さがしている ところです。","translation":"I am looking for a house now.","reading":"いまいえをさがしているところです。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"さがし","gloss":"am looking for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am looking for"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"am looking for"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"right now"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp1.09","source":"散歩している ところです。","translation":"I am taking a walk now.","reading":"さんぽしているところです。","words":[{"text":"散歩","gloss":"walk","reading":"さんぽ"},{"text":"し","gloss":"am taking"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am taking"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"am taking"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"right now"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp1.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"TA + TOKORO DESU\n\nDictionary form of verb + TOKORO DESU.\n\nTE IRU + TOKORO DESU\n\nThe abstract noun TOKORO is very often used immediately after a verb, to denote \"a scene\" in which an action takes place.\"\n\nExamples:\n\nKISHA WA EKI O DETA TOKORO DESU. \"The train has just left the station.\"\n\nKISHA WA EKI O DERU TOKORO DESU. \"The train is about to leave the station.\"\n\nKISHA WA EKI O DETE IRU TOKORO DESU. \"The train is just now leaving (has started to leave) the station.\"\n\nIn English, TOKORO denotes \"time\" rather than \"scene.\"\n\nWATAKUSHI GA HON O YONDE IRU TOKORO E TOMODACHI GA KIMASHITA.\n\nA sentence such as the one above is ordinarily translated: \"At the time when I was reading a book, a friend came.\""},{"section":2,"text":"SHI 'and,' 'furthermore,' 'moreover'\n\na. The particle SHI, used at the end of a non-final clause, has the force of a connective and is usually rendered in English by 'and,' 'furthermore,' or moreover.'\n\nExamples:\n\nTENKI MO II SHI, SAMUKU MO ARIMASU. \"The weather is good and, furthermore, it's not cold.\"\n\nANO KATA WA TENISU MO SURU SHI, GORUFU MO SHIMASU. \"He plays tennis and, moreover, he plays golf.\"\n\nb. When SHI is used in a dependent clause, the last verb in the clause is usually followed by SHI SURU and TO or NODE, etc.\n\nExamples:\n\nTENKI WA II SHI, NICHIYOO DA SHI SURU NODE, KODOMOTACHI O TSURETE SANPO NI DEKAKEMASHITA. \"Because the weather is good and, furthermore, because it was Sunday, I took my children and went out for a stroll.\"\n\nc. In dependent clauses, SHI...SHI usually means 'because' or 'since.'\n\nExamples:\n\nAME GA FURU SHI SAMUI SHI IKIMASEN DESHITA. \"Because it was raining and cold, I didn't go.\"\n\nIn this case SURU NODE or SURU KARA is understood."},{"section":3,"text":"a. GURAI 'as --- as,' 'about,' 'around'\n\nb. HODO -- N 'not so -- as'\n\nExamples:\n\nJIDOOSHA WA KISHA GURAI HAYAKU HASHIREMASU. \"Automobiles can go as fast as trains.\"\n\nJITENSHA WA JIDOOSHA HODO HAYAKU HASHIREMASEN. \"A bicycle cannot go as fast as an automobile.\""},{"section":4,"text":"--NO YOO 'looks like,' 'appears,' or 'seems'\n\nNO YOO follows a substantive and indicates 'likelihood.' It is translated 'looks like,' 'appears,' 'seems.' When it is used adverbially, the particle NI applies; when it is used adjectivally, the particle NA is used.\n\nExamples:\n\nARE WA TANAKA-SAN NO YOO DESU. \"He looks like Mr. Tanaka.\"\n\nANO HASHI WA TEKKYOO NO YOO DESU. \"That bridge appears to be a steel bridge.\"\n\nSHIMURA-SAN NO YOO NI YOKU HATARAKIMASU. \"He works as hard as Mr. Shimura.\"\n\nANO HITO WA SHIMAMURA-SAN NO YOO NA OOKII HITO DESU. \"He is a large man like Mr. Shimamura.\""},{"section":5,"text":"NAN TO KA IU '-- of a name which I can't recall at present,' or 'which you may call.'\n\nQuite commonly this NAN TO KA IU is used when we say 'which you may call' in English. When a speaker cannot recall the name of a thing, place, or person, NAN TO KA IU MONO, NAN TO KA IU TOKORO, or NAN TO KA IU HITO is used.\n\nFor example, 'The store called DAIMARU or something' will be DAIMARU TO KA (NAN TO KA) IU MISE in Japanese. The parenthetical NAN TO KA stands for 'or something.'"}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ところ","gloss":"place (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"はじめ","gloss":"beginning"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"買物","gloss":"shopping"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"はじまる","gloss":"begins, starts (v.i.)"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Giving several reasons · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"Facts joined with し","paragraphs":["*田中さんは テニスも やるし、 ゴルフも やります* means \"Mr. Tanaka plays tennis as well as golf.\"","Here *し* ends the first clause and connects it to another fact."]},{"title":"Several reasons for one result","paragraphs":["*今年は いそがしいし、 お金も ないしするので、 どこへも 行きません* means \"Because I am busy this year and have no money, I am not going anywhere.\"","Repeated *し* can present several reasons. *するので* after the final *し* makes their connection to the result explicit.","The reasons may also stand without *するので*, as in *雨は 降っているし、 道は わるいし、 私は 行きたくは ありません*."]},{"title":"Kanji: 少, 道","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp2.01","source":"田中さんは テニスも やるし、 ゴルフも やります。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka plays tennis as well as golf.","reading":"たなかさんはテニスもやるし、ゴルフもやります。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"テニス","gloss":"tennis"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"やる","gloss":"plays"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"やり","gloss":"play"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp2.01.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp2.02","source":"天気も いいし、 さむくも ないし するので、 散歩に 出かけました。","translation":"Because the weather is nice and not cold, I went out for a stroll.","reading":"てんきもいいし、さむくもないしするので、さんぽにでかけました。","words":[{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"さむく","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"し","gloss":"and"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact that"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"散歩","gloss":"walk","reading":"さんぽ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"出かけ","gloss":"went out","reading":"でかけ"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite past"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp2.02.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp2.03","source":"私は 牛肉も 食べるし、 さかなも 食べます。","translation":"I eat beef as well as fish.","reading":"わたくしはぎゅうにくもたべるし、さかなもたべます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"牛肉","gloss":"beef","reading":"ぎゅうにく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp2.03.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp2.04","source":"田中さんは 日本語も 出来るし、 えい語も 出来ます。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka can speak Japanese as well as English.","reading":"たなかさんはにほんごもできるし、えいごもできます。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"can speak","reading":"できる"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"えい語","gloss":"English"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can speak","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp2.04.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp2.05","source":"今年は いそがしいし、 お金も ないしするので、 どこへも 行きません。","translation":"Because I am busy this year and have no money, I am not going anywhere.","reading":"ことしはいそがしいし、おかねもないしするので、どこへもいきません。","words":[{"text":"今年","gloss":"this year","reading":"ことし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"お","gloss":"money"},{"text":"金","gloss":"money","reading":"かね"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"none"},{"text":"し","gloss":"and"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact that"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"anywhere"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp2.05.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp2.06","source":"この きれは あまり うすいし、 色も わるいしするので、 買いません。","translation":"Because this cloth is too thin and the color is poor, I will not buy it.","reading":"このきれはあまりうすいし、いろもわるいしするので、かいません。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"きれ","gloss":"cloth"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"too"},{"text":"うすい","gloss":"thin"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"色","gloss":"color","reading":"いろ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"わるい","gloss":"poor"},{"text":"し","gloss":"and"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact that"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp2.06.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp2.07","source":"あたまが 少し いたいし、 ねつも あるしするので、 私は 行きたくは ありません。","translation":"Because I have a slight headache and a fever, I do not want to go.","reading":"あたまがすこしいたいし、ねつもあるしするので、わたくしはいきたくはありません。","words":[{"text":"あたま","gloss":"head"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"slightly","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"いたい","gloss":"hurts"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ねつ","gloss":"fever"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"have"},{"text":"し","gloss":"and"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact that"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"たく","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"は","gloss":"emphasis"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp2.07.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp2.08","source":"雨は 降っているし、 道は わるいし、 私は 行きたくは ありません。","translation":"It is raining, the road is bad, and I do not want to go.","reading":"あめはふっているし、みちはわるいし、わたくしはいきたくはありません。","words":[{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"降っ","gloss":"is raining","reading":"ふっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is raining"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is raining"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"道","gloss":"road","reading":"みち"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"わるい","gloss":"bad"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"たく","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"は","gloss":"emphasis"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp2.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"テニス","gloss":"tennis"},{"word":"やる","gloss":"to do"},{"word":"し、","gloss":"city"},{"word":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"天気","gloss":"weather"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"牛肉","gloss":"beef"},{"word":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"word":"出来る","gloss":"to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)"},{"word":"今年","gloss":"this year"},{"word":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"きれ","gloss":"cloth, material"},{"word":"わるい","gloss":"bad"},{"word":"あたま","gloss":"head"},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"},{"word":"いたい","gloss":"painful"},{"word":"ねつ","gloss":"fever"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"道","gloss":"road, street"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Comparing degrees and abilities · Perception drill, Block 3","teaching":[{"title":"Equal speed with ぐらい","paragraphs":["*自動車は 汽車ぐらい 早く 走れます* means \"A car can go as fast as a train.\"","After the standard of comparison, *ぐらい* marks an equal degree in an affirmative statement."]},{"title":"A lesser degree with ほど","paragraphs":["*汽船は 自動車ほど 早く 走れません* means \"A steamer cannot move as fast as a car.\"","After the standard of comparison, *ほど* with a negative predicate marks a lesser degree.","The same contrast compares amount and skill: affirmative *ぐらい* states equality, while negative *ほど* denies it."]}],"lines":[{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp3.01","source":"自動車は 汽車ぐらい 早く 走れます。","translation":"A car can go as fast as a train.","reading":"じどうしゃはきしゃぐらいはやくはしれます。","words":[{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"汽車","gloss":"train","reading":"きしゃ"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"as fast as"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"fast","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"走れ","gloss":"can go","reading":"はしれ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp3.01.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp3.02","source":"汽船は 自動車ほど 早く 走れません。","translation":"A steamer cannot move as fast as a car.","reading":"きせんはじどうしゃほどはやくはしれません。","words":[{"text":"汽船","gloss":"steamer","reading":"きせん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as fast as"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"fast","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"走れ","gloss":"can move","reading":"はしれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp3.02.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp3.03","source":"あなたは 先生ぐらい 早く 日本語が 話せますか。","translation":"Can you speak Japanese as fast as the teacher?","reading":"あなたはせんせいぐらいはやくにほんごがはなせますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"as fast as"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"fast"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"話せ","gloss":"can speak","reading":"はなせ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp3.03.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp3.04","source":"いいえ、 私は 先生ほど 早く 日本語が 話せません。","translation":"No, I cannot speak Japanese as fast as the teacher.","reading":"いいえ、わたくしはせんせいほどはやくにほんごがはなせません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as fast as"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"fast"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"話せ","gloss":"can speak","reading":"はなせ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp3.04.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp3.05","source":"ここでは とうきょうぐらい 雨が 沢山 降りますか。","translation":"Does it rain as much here as it does in Tokyo?","reading":"ここではとうきょうぐらいあめがたくさんふりますか。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"とうきょう","gloss":"Tokyo"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"a lot","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"fall","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp3.05.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp3.06","source":"いいえ、 ここでは とうきょうほど 雨が 沢山 降りません。","translation":"No, it does not rain as much here as it does in Tokyo.","reading":"いいえ、ここではとうきょうほどあめがたくさんふりません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"とうきょう","gloss":"Tokyo"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"a lot","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"fall","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp3.06.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp3.07","source":"あなたは 山田さんぐらい ふとっていますか。","translation":"Are you as fat as Mr. Yamada?","reading":"あなたはやまださんぐらいふとっていますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"ふとっ","gloss":"are fat"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are fat"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are fat"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are fat"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp3.07.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp3.08","source":"いいえ、 私は 山田さんほど ふとってはいません。","translation":"No, I am not as fat as Mr. Yamada.","reading":"いいえ、わたくしはやまださんほどふとってはいません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"ふとっ","gloss":"fat"},{"text":"て","gloss":"fat"},{"text":"は","gloss":"emphasis"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am not"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"am not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"am not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp3.08.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp3.09","source":"あなたは スミスさんぐらい 上手に 話せますか。","translation":"Can you speak as well as Mr. Smith?","reading":"あなたはスミスさんぐらいじょうずにはなせますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"as well as"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"skillfully","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in manner"},{"text":"話せ","gloss":"can speak","reading":"はなせ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp3.09.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp3.10","source":"いいえ、 私は スミスさんほど 上手に 話せません。","translation":"No, I cannot speak as well as Mr. Smith.","reading":"いいえ、わたくしはスミスさんほどじょうずにはなせません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as well as"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"skillfully","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in manner"},{"text":"話せ","gloss":"can speak","reading":"はなせ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp3.10.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp3.11","source":"あなたは 山本さんぐらい 沢山 食べますか。","translation":"Do you eat as much as Mr. Yamamoto?","reading":"あなたはやまもとさんぐらいたくさんたべますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"a lot","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp3.11.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp3.12","source":"いいえ、 私は 山本さんほど 沢山 食べません。","translation":"No, I do not eat as much as Mr. Yamamoto.","reading":"いいえ、わたくしはやまもとさんほどたくさんたべません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"a lot","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp3.12.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"車","gloss":"vehicle, car"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"汽船","gloss":"steamer"},{"word":"ほど","gloss":"to the extent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"上手","gloss":"skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying what things resemble · Perception drill, Block 4","teaching":[{"title":"A person who looks like another","paragraphs":["*あの方は 田中さんの 奥さんの ようです* means \"That person looks like Mrs. Tanaka.\"","The noun before *の ようです* supplies the person or thing that the subject resembles."]},{"title":"An appearance, not an identity","paragraphs":["*あそこを とんでいるのは 鳥のようです* means \"The thing flying over there looks like a bird.\"","A noun followed by *のようです* says that someone or something looks, appears, or seems like that noun."]}],"lines":[{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp4.01","source":"あの方は 田中さんの 奥さんの ようです。","translation":"That person looks like Mrs. Tanaka.","reading":"あのかたはたなかさんのおくさんのようです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mrs."},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"の","gloss":"like"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"appearance"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp4.01.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp4.02","source":"あれは 日本せいの 自動車のようです。","translation":"That looks like a Japanese-made car.","reading":"あれはにほんせいのじどうしゃのようです。","words":[{"text":"あれ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese-made","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"Japanese-made"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"like"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"appearance"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp4.02.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp4.03","source":"あの人は 子供のようです。","translation":"That person looks like a child.","reading":"あのひとはこどものようです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"の","gloss":"like"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"appearance"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp4.03.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp4.04","source":"あそこを とんでいるのは 鳥のようです。","translation":"The thing flying over there looks like a bird.","reading":"あそこをとんでいるのはとりのようです。","words":[{"text":"あそこ","gloss":"over there"},{"text":"を","gloss":"over"},{"text":"とん","gloss":"flying"},{"text":"で","gloss":"flying"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"flying"},{"text":"の","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"鳥","gloss":"bird","reading":"とり"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"appearance"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp4.04.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp4.05","source":"あそこを 歩いているのは 山田さんのようです。","translation":"The person walking over there looks like Mr. Yamada.","reading":"あそこをあるいているのはやまださんのようです。","words":[{"text":"あそこ","gloss":"over there"},{"text":"を","gloss":"through"},{"text":"歩い","gloss":"walking","reading":"あるい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"walking"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"walking"},{"text":"の","gloss":"person"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"appearance"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp4.05.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp4.06","source":"これは 私の ペンのようです。","translation":"This looks like my pen.","reading":"これはわたくしのペンのようです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"my"},{"text":"ペン","gloss":"pen"},{"text":"の","gloss":"like"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"appearance"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp4.06.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L039.gp4.07","source":"この ラジオは 日本せいのようです。","translation":"This radio looks like it was made in Japan.","reading":"このラジオはにほんせいのようです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"ラジオ","gloss":"radio"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"made in Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"made in Japan"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"appearance"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.gp4.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"あそこ","gloss":"over there"},{"word":"ペン","gloss":"pen"},{"word":"ラジオ","gloss":"radio"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Actions about to happen · Pattern 1 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The train is about to leave","paragraphs":["*れっ車は 今 駅を 出る ところです* means \"The train is about to leave the station.\"","The dictionary form *出る* before *ところです* places the action immediately before it begins."]},{"title":"Arrived now or happening now","paragraphs":["The past form marks recent completion in *れっ車は 今 駅に ついたところです*, \"The train has arrived at the station this moment.\"","The TE-form with *いる* marks an action in progress in *私は 今、 朝ごはんを 食べている ところです*, \"I am eating breakfast now.\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 駅","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 通","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt1.01","source":"れっ車は 今 駅を 出る ところです。","translation":"The train is about to leave the station.","reading":"れっしゃはいまえきをでるところです。","words":[{"text":"れ","gloss":"train"},{"text":"っ","gloss":"train"},{"text":"車","gloss":"train","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"駅","gloss":"station","reading":"えき"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出る","gloss":"leave","reading":"でる"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"about to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt1.02","source":"汽船は 港に はいった ところです。","translation":"The steamer has just entered the harbor.","reading":"きせんはみなとにはいったところです。","words":[{"text":"汽船","gloss":"steamer","reading":"きせん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"港","gloss":"harbor","reading":"みなと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"はいっ","gloss":"entered"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"just"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt1.03","source":"私は 今、 朝ごはんを 食べている ところです。","translation":"I am eating breakfast now.","reading":"わたくしはいま、あさごはんをたべているところです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今、","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"朝ごはん","gloss":"breakfast","reading":"あさごはん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eating","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"eating"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"eating"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"currently"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"am"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt1.04","source":"れっ車は 今 駅に つくところです。","translation":"The train is about to arrive at the station.","reading":"れっしゃはいまえきにつくところです。","words":[{"text":"れ","gloss":"train"},{"text":"っ","gloss":"train"},{"text":"車","gloss":"train","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"駅","gloss":"station","reading":"えき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"つく","gloss":"arrive"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"about to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt1.05","source":"バスは ふみ切りを 通るところです。","translation":"The bus is about to cross the railroad crossing.","reading":"バスはふみきりをとおるところです。","words":[{"text":"バス","gloss":"bus"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ふみ","gloss":"railroad crossing"},{"text":"切り","gloss":"railroad crossing","reading":"きり"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"通る","gloss":"cross","reading":"とおる"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"about to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt1.06","source":"れっ車は 今 駅に ついたところです。","translation":"The train has just arrived at the station.","reading":"れっしゃはいまえきについたところです。","words":[{"text":"れ","gloss":"train"},{"text":"っ","gloss":"train"},{"text":"車","gloss":"train","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"駅","gloss":"station","reading":"えき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"つい","gloss":"arrived"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"just"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"has"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt1.07","source":"バスは ていりゅうじょを 出たところです。","translation":"The bus has just left the bus stop.","reading":"バスはていりゅうじょをでたところです。","words":[{"text":"バス","gloss":"bus"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ていりゅう","gloss":"bus stop"},{"text":"じょ","gloss":"bus stop"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出","gloss":"left","reading":"で"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"just"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"has"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt1.08","source":"つかれたので、 休んでいるところです。","translation":"I am resting because I am tired.","reading":"つかれたので、やすんでいるところです。","words":[{"text":"つか","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"休ん","gloss":"resting","reading":"やすん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"resting"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"resting"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"currently"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"am"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt1.09","source":"今 べんきょうしているところです。","translation":"I am studying now.","reading":"いまべんきょうしているところです。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"studying"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"studying"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"currently"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"am"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt1.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"駅","gloss":"railroad station"},{"word":"港","gloss":"port, harbor"},{"word":"つく","gloss":"to arrive, to reach (v.i.)"},{"word":"バス","gloss":"bus"},{"word":"通る","gloss":"to pass"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking about current actions · Pattern 1 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"About to go shopping","paragraphs":["*買物に 行くのですか* asks \"Are you going shopping?\"","The answer *ええ、 今から 買物に 出かけるところです* means \"Yes, I am about to go shopping.\"","The dictionary form before *ところです* places the action immediately before it begins."]},{"title":"A reason based on the moment","paragraphs":["*いいえ、 今 べんきょうが おわった ところですから、 ひまです* means \"No, I finished studying this moment, so I am free.\"","The past form before *ところです* places the action after its recent completion. *から* makes that fact the reason for being free."]}],"lines":[{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt1.10","source":"買物に 行くのですか。","translation":"Are you going shopping?","reading":"かいものにいくのですか。","words":[{"text":"買物","gloss":"shopping","reading":"かいもの"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt1.11","source":"ええ、 今から 買物に 出かけるところです。","translation":"Yes, I am about to go shopping.","reading":"ええ、いまからかいものにでかけるところです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"買物","gloss":"shopping","reading":"かいもの"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"出かける","gloss":"go out","reading":"でかける"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"about to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"am"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt1.12","source":"今 いそがしいですか。","translation":"Are you busy now?","reading":"いまいそがしいですか。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt1.13","source":"いいえ、 今 べんきょうが おわった ところですから、 ひまです。","translation":"No, I have just finished studying, so I am free.","reading":"いいえ、いまべんきょうがおわったところですから、ひまです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"studying"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"おわっ","gloss":"finished"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"just"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"so"},{"text":"ひま","gloss":"free"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"am"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt1.14","source":"あのバスは あそこで 何を しているのですか。","translation":"What is that bus doing over there?","reading":"あのバスはあそこでなにをしているのですか。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"バス","gloss":"bus"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あそこ","gloss":"over there"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"doing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"doing"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"doing"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt1.15","source":"ふみ切りに とまっているところです。","translation":"It is stopped at the railroad crossing.","reading":"ふみきりにとまっているところです。","words":[{"text":"ふみ切り","gloss":"railroad crossing","reading":"ふみきり"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"とまっ","gloss":"stopped"},{"text":"て","gloss":"stopped"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"stopped"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"currently"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt1.15.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt1.16","source":"もう 夕はんを 食べましたか。","translation":"Have you eaten supper yet?","reading":"もうゆうはんをたべましたか。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"夕はん","gloss":"supper","reading":"ゆうはん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eaten","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt1.17","source":"いいえ、 今から 食べる ところです。","translation":"No, I am about to eat now.","reading":"いいえ、いまからたべるところです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"about to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"am"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt1.17.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"ふみ切り","gloss":"railroad crossing"},{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Stacking reasons and descriptions · Pattern 2 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Two conditions and a result","paragraphs":["*かぜは ふくし、 雨は 降るし するので、 私は 家に 居ました* means \"Because the wind was blowing and the rain was falling, I stayed home.\"","Repeated *し* joins the two reasons before the result."]},{"title":"Descriptions can accumulate","paragraphs":["*新しい 汽車は 早いし、 中は きれいですし、 バスより ずっと いいです* means \"The new train is fast, clean inside, and much better than the bus.\"","Each clause ending in *し* adds another fact before the concluding comparison."]}],"lines":[{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt2.m1","source":"けしきは いいし、 しずかですし (するので)、 ゆっくり 休むのには いいです。","translation":"Because the scenery is nice and because, furthermore, it is quiet, it's nice for resting leisurely.","reading":"けしきはいいし、しずかですし(するので)、ゆっくりやすむのにはいいです。","words":[{"text":"けしき","gloss":"scenery"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"しずか","gloss":"quiet"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"し","gloss":"and"},{"text":"(する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で)、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ゆっくり","gloss":"leisurely"},{"text":"休む","gloss":"rest","reading":"やすむ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt2.01","source":"新しい 汽車は 早いし、 中は きれいですし、 バスより ずっと いいです。","translation":"The new train is fast, clean inside, and much better than the bus.","reading":"あたらしいきしゃははやいし、なかはきれいですし、バスよりずっといいです。","words":[{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"汽車","gloss":"train","reading":"きしゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"早い","gloss":"fast","reading":"はやい"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"中","gloss":"inside","reading":"なか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"clean"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"バス","gloss":"bus"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"ずっと","gloss":"much"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt2.02","source":"かぜは ふくし、 雨は 降るし (するので)、 私は 家に 居ました。","translation":"Because the wind was blowing and the rain was falling, I stayed home.","reading":"かぜはふくし、あめはふるし(するので)、わたくしはいえにいました。","words":[{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"wind"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ふくし、","gloss":"is blowing, and"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"falling","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"し","gloss":"and"},{"text":"(する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で)、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"居","gloss":"stayed","reading":"い"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt2.03","source":"この川は あさいし、 橋が かかっているし(するので) 大きい 汽船は 通れません。","translation":"Because this river is shallow and has a bridge over it, large steamers cannot pass through.","reading":"このかわはあさいし、はしがかかっているし(するので)おおきいきせんはとおれません。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"川","gloss":"river","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あさい","gloss":"shallow"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"橋","gloss":"bridge","reading":"はし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"かかっ","gloss":"spans"},{"text":"て","gloss":"spans"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"spans"},{"text":"し","gloss":"and"},{"text":"(する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で)","gloss":"because"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"汽船","gloss":"steamer","reading":"きせん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"通れ","gloss":"can pass","reading":"とおれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt2.04","source":"あの方は 耳は 遠いし、 目は わるいし(するので)、 しごとは 出来ません。","translation":"Because that person is hard of hearing and has poor eyesight, he cannot work.","reading":"あのかたはみみはとおいし、めはわるいし(するので)、しごとはできません。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"hearing","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"遠い","gloss":"poor","reading":"とおい"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"目","gloss":"eyesight","reading":"め"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"わるい","gloss":"poor"},{"text":"し","gloss":"and"},{"text":"(する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で)、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"しごと","gloss":"work"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can do","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt2.05","source":"かぜを ひいて、 ねつは あるし、 あたまが いたいし、 べんきょう 出来ません。","translation":"I have a cold, a fever, and a headache, so I cannot study.","reading":"かぜをひいて、ねつはあるし、あたまがいたいし、べんきょうできません。","words":[{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ひい","gloss":"caught"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"caught"},{"text":"ねつ","gloss":"fever"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"have"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"あたま","gloss":"head"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いたい","gloss":"hurts"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"studying"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can do","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt2.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"けしき","gloss":"scenery"},{"word":"しずか","gloss":"quiet"},{"word":"で)、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ゆっくり","gloss":"slowly; deliberately; leisurely"},{"word":"より","gloss":"than (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ずっと","gloss":"by far; very much"},{"word":"かぜ","gloss":"wind"},{"word":"降る","gloss":"to fall (rain) (v.i.)"},{"word":"川","gloss":"river"},{"word":"あさい","gloss":"shallow"},{"word":"橋","gloss":"bridge"},{"word":"遠い","gloss":"far"},{"word":"しごと","gloss":"work, job"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Explaining why you are busy · Pattern 2 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Obligations explain being busy","paragraphs":["*ええ、 べんきょうも しなければならないし、 店も 手つだわなければならないし、 朝から ばんまで いそがしいです* gives two obligations before the conclusion.","It means \"Yes, I have to study and help at the store, so I am busy from morning until night.\"","Each *し* connects one reason to the conclusion."]},{"title":"Circumstances explain a refusal","paragraphs":["*いいえ、 中は よごれているし、 高いし、 行きません* means \"No, I do not go there because it is dirty inside and expensive.\"","The repeated *し* presents several reasons for the refusal."]}],"lines":[{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt2.06","source":"中々 いそがしそうですね。","translation":"You seem very busy, don’t you?","reading":"なかなかいそがしそうですね。","words":[{"text":"中々","gloss":"very","reading":"なかなか"},{"text":"いそがし","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt2.07","source":"ええ、 べんきょうも しなければならないし、 店も 手つだわなければならないし、 朝から ばんまで いそがしいです。","translation":"Yes, I have to study and help at the store, so I am busy from morning until night.","reading":"ええ、べんきょうもしなければならないし、みせもてつだわなければならないし、あさからばんまでいそがしいです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"must"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"店","gloss":"store","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"手つだわ","gloss":"help","reading":"てつだわ"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"must"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"ばん","gloss":"night"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"am"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt2.07.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt2.08","source":"あなたは ○○ 食料品店へ 行きますか。","translation":"Do you go to the XX Grocery Store?","reading":"あなたは○○しょくりょうひんてんへいきますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は○○","gloss":"topic, XX"},{"text":"食料","gloss":"grocery store"},{"text":"品","gloss":"grocery store"},{"text":"店","gloss":"grocery store"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt2.09","source":"いいえ、 中は よごれているし、 高いし(するので)、 行きません。","translation":"No, I do not go there because it is dirty inside and expensive.","reading":"いいえ、なかはよごれているし、たかいし(するので)、いきません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"中","gloss":"inside","reading":"なか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よごれ","gloss":"dirty"},{"text":"て","gloss":"dirty"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"dirty"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"し","gloss":"and"},{"text":"(する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で)、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt2.10","source":"あなたは この頃 学校から 帰ってから、 つりに 行きますか。","translation":"Have you been going fishing after you return from school lately?","reading":"あなたはこのごろがっこうからかえってから、つりにいきますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この頃","gloss":"lately","reading":"このごろ"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"return","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"return"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"after"},{"text":"つり","gloss":"fishing"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt2.11","source":"いいえ、 日は 短いし、 その上 さむいし、 行きません。","translation":"No, I do not go because the days are short and, besides that, it is cold.","reading":"いいえ、ひはみじかいし、そのうえさむいし、いきません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"短い","gloss":"short","reading":"みじかい"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"その","gloss":"besides"},{"text":"上","gloss":"besides","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt2.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"中々","gloss":"considerably, very"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"なら","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"店","gloss":"store, shop"},{"word":"朝","gloss":"morning"},{"word":"ばん","gloss":"evening, night"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"は○○","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"この頃","gloss":"these days, nowadays"},{"word":"つり","gloss":"fishing"},{"word":"さむい","gloss":"cold"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Comparing speed and skill · Pattern 3 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A question about equal speed","paragraphs":["*自転車は 自動車ぐらい 早く 走れますか* asks whether a bicycle can go as fast as a car.","The *ぐらい* comparison asks about equal ability."]},{"title":"A negative comparison","paragraphs":["*いいえ、 自転車は 自動車ほど 早く 走れません* means \"No, a bicycle cannot go as fast as a car.\"","The negative *ほど* comparison denies equal ability.","The same form compares knowledge, amount, and skill in the other lines."]},{"title":"Kanji: 転","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt3.01","source":"自転車は 自動車ぐらい 早く 走れますか。","translation":"Can a bicycle go as fast as a car.","reading":"じてんしゃはじどうしゃぐらいはやくはしれますか。","words":[{"text":"自転","gloss":"bicycle","reading":"じてん"},{"text":"車","gloss":"bicycle","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"as"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"fast","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"走れ","gloss":"can run","reading":"はしれ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt3.01.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt3.02","source":"いいえ、 自転車は 自動車ほど 早く 走れません。","translation":"No, a bicycle cannot go as fast as a car.","reading":"いいえ、じてんしゃはじどうしゃほどはやくはしれません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"自転","gloss":"bicycle","reading":"じてん"},{"text":"車","gloss":"bicycle","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"fast","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"走れ","gloss":"can run","reading":"はしれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt3.02.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt3.03","source":"汽船は 汽車ほど 早く 走れません。","translation":"A steamer cannot move as fast as a train.","reading":"きせんはきしゃほどはやくはしれません。","words":[{"text":"汽船","gloss":"steamer","reading":"きせん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"汽車","gloss":"train","reading":"きしゃ"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"fast","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"走れ","gloss":"can move","reading":"はしれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt3.03.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt3.04","source":"私は あの人ぐらい 早く およぐ事が 出来ます。","translation":"I can swim as fast as that person.","reading":"わたくしはあのひとぐらいはやくおよぐことができます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"as"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"fast","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"およぐ","gloss":"swim"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can do","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt3.04.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt3.05","source":"生徒は 先生ほど 沢山 かん字を 知りません。","translation":"The students do not know as many kanji as the teacher.","reading":"せいとはせんせいほどたくさんかんじをしりません。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji","reading":"かんじ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"知り","gloss":"know","reading":"しり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt3.05.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt3.06","source":"私は 田中さんほど 沢山 食べません。","translation":"I do not eat as much as Mr. Tanaka.","reading":"わたくしはたなかさんほどたくさんたべません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"much","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt3.06.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt3.07","source":"私は あなたほど 字が 上手に 書けません。","translation":"I cannot write characters as well as you can.","reading":"わたくしはあなたほどじがじょうずにかけません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as"},{"text":"字","gloss":"characters","reading":"じ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"skillful","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"書け","gloss":"can write","reading":"かけ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt3.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"およぐ","gloss":"to swim"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Comparing people's abilities · Pattern 3 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"As many words as another person","paragraphs":["*あなたは 山本さんぐらい 沢山 言葉を 知っていますか* means \"Do you know as many words as Mr. Yamamoto?\"","The person before *ぐらい* supplies the standard for the question about equal ability."]},{"title":"Denying equal ability","paragraphs":["*いいえ、 私は 山本さんほど 沢山 言葉を 知りません* means \"No, I do not know as many words as Mr. Yamamoto.\"","Negative *ほど* states that the speaker does not match the standard."]}],"lines":[{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt3.08","source":"私は ブラウンさんぐらい 早く 走れます。","translation":"I can run as fast as Mr. Brown.","reading":"わたくしはブラウンさんぐらいはやくはしれます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ブラウン","gloss":"Brown"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"as"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"fast","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"走れ","gloss":"can run","reading":"はしれ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt3.08.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt3.09","source":"あなたは 山本さんぐらい 沢山 言葉を 知っていますか。","translation":"Do you know as many words as Mr. Yamamoto?","reading":"あなたはやまもとさんぐらいたくさんことばをしっていますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"as"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"言葉","gloss":"words","reading":"ことば"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"知っ","gloss":"know","reading":"しっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"know"},{"text":"い","gloss":"know"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"know"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt3.09.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt3.10","source":"いいえ、 私は 山本さんほど 沢山 言葉を 知りません。","translation":"No, I do not know as many words as Mr. Yamamoto.","reading":"いいえ、わたくしはやまもとさんほどたくさんことばをしりません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"言葉","gloss":"words","reading":"ことば"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"知り","gloss":"know","reading":"しり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt3.10.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt3.11","source":"あなたは 山田さんぐらい 早く 歩けますか。","translation":"Can you walk as fast as Mr. Yamada?","reading":"あなたはやまださんぐらいはやくあるけますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"as"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"fast","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"歩け","gloss":"can walk","reading":"あるけ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt3.11.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt3.12","source":"いいえ、 私は 山田ほど 早く 歩けません。","translation":"No, I cannot walk as fast as Mr. Yamada.","reading":"いいえ、わたくしはやまだほどはやくあるけません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"fast","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"歩け","gloss":"can walk","reading":"あるけ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt3.12.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt3.13","source":"あなたは パーカーさんぐらい 上手に 話せますか。","translation":"Can you speak as well as Mr. Parker?","reading":"あなたはパーカーさんぐらいじょうずにはなせますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"as"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"well","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"話せ","gloss":"can speak","reading":"はなせ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt3.13.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt3.14","source":"いいえ、 私は パーカーさんほど 上手に 話せません。","translation":"No, I cannot speak as well as Mr. Parker.","reading":"いいえ、わたくしはパーカーさんほどじょうずにはなせません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"well","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"話せ","gloss":"can speak","reading":"はなせ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt3.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Describing likeness and examples · Pattern 4 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"What someone appears to be","paragraphs":["*自動車を 運転している人は 女の人のようです* means \"The person who is driving the car looks like a woman.\"","The *のようです* form states apparent identity."]},{"title":"Likeness before a description","paragraphs":["*今日は 夏のように あついです* means \"Today it is hot, like summer.\" Before a verb or adjective, *のように* makes the likeness adverbial.","*スミスさんのような 生徒は 少ないです* means \"There are few students like Smith.\" Before a noun, *のような* modifies that noun."]},{"title":"Kanji: 運","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt4.01","source":"自動車を 運転している人は 女の人のようです。","translation":"The person who is driving the car looks like a woman.","reading":"じどうしゃをうんてんしているひとはおんなのひとのようです。","words":[{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"運転","gloss":"driving","reading":"うんてん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"driving"},{"text":"て","gloss":"driving"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"driving"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"女","gloss":"woman","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"の","gloss":"woman"},{"text":"人","gloss":"woman","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"appearance"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt4.01.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt4.02","source":"今日は 夏のように あついです。","translation":"Today it is hot, like summer.","reading":"きょうはなつのようにあついです。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"appearance"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あつい","gloss":"hot"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt4.02.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt4.03","source":"スミスさんのような 生徒は 少ないです。","translation":"There are few students like Smith.","reading":"スミスさんのようなせいとはすくないです。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"appearance"},{"text":"な","gloss":"kind"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少ない","gloss":"few","reading":"すくない"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt4.03.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt4.04","source":"あの橋は 鉄橋のようです。","translation":"That bridge looks like an iron bridge.","reading":"あのはしはてっきょうのようです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"橋","gloss":"bridge","reading":"はし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"鉄橋","gloss":"iron bridge","reading":"てっきょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"like"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt4.04.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt4.05","source":"あそこに あるのは、 かんづめ工場のようです。","translation":"The thing over there looks like a cannery.","reading":"あそこにあるのは、かんづめこうじょうのようです。","words":[{"text":"あそこ","gloss":"over there"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かんづめ","gloss":"canned goods"},{"text":"工場","gloss":"factory","reading":"こうじょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"like"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt4.05.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt4.06","source":"あの人は 女のように 話します。","translation":"That person speaks like a woman.","reading":"あのひとはおんなのようにはなします。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"女","gloss":"woman","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"like"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in manner"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt4.06.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt4.07","source":"パーカーさんの ように よく べんきょうしなさい。","translation":"Study hard like Mr. Parker.","reading":"パーカーさんのようによくべんきょうしなさい。","words":[{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"like"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in manner"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"hard"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"command"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt4.07.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt4.08","source":"ゴルフのような 運動は 年よりには いいです。","translation":"Exercise like golf is good for elderly people.","reading":"ゴルフのようなうんどうはとしよりにはいいです。","words":[{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"like"},{"text":"な","gloss":"linking"},{"text":"運動","gloss":"exercise","reading":"うんどう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"年より","gloss":"elderly people","reading":"としより"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt4.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"女","gloss":"female"},{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"夏","gloss":"summer"},{"word":"あつい","gloss":"hot"},{"word":"鉄橋","gloss":"steel bridge, railroad bridge"},{"word":"かんづめ","gloss":"canned goods"},{"word":"工場","gloss":"factory"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Springlike weather and similar things · Pattern 4 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A day that feels like spring","paragraphs":["*今日は 春のようですね* means \"Today feels like spring, doesn't it?\"","The *のよう* form presents an apparent likeness."]},{"title":"Springlike weather","paragraphs":["*今日は 春の ような 天気ですね* means \"It is springlike weather today, isn't it?\"","Before the noun *天気*, *の ような* makes spring the example that describes the weather.","*ブラウンさんのように よくべんきょうする 生徒は 少ないですね* means \"There are few students who study as hard as Mr. Brown, aren't there?\"","Here *のように* describes how the students study."]}],"lines":[{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt4.09","source":"マッチのような 物は 小包にして 送る事は 出来ません。","translation":"Things like matches cannot be sent as parcels.","reading":"マッチのようなものはこづつみにしておくることはできません。","words":[{"text":"マッチ","gloss":"matches"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"like"},{"text":"な","gloss":"linking"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"小包","gloss":"parcels","reading":"こづつみ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"make"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"送る","gloss":"send","reading":"おくる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"cannot","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt4.09.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt4.10","source":"今日は 春のようですね。","translation":"Today feels like spring, doesn’t it?","reading":"きょうははるのようですね。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"春","gloss":"spring","reading":"はる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"like"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt4.10.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt4.11","source":"ええ、 あったかくて、 いい日ですね。","translation":"Yes, it is a nice, warm day.","reading":"ええ、あったかくて、いいひですね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"あったかく","gloss":"warm"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt4.11.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt4.12","source":"ブラウンさんのように よくべんきょうする 生徒は 少ないですね。","translation":"There are few students who study as hard as Mr. Brown, aren’t there?","reading":"ブラウンさんのようによくべんきょうするせいとはすくないですね。","words":[{"text":"ブラウン","gloss":"Brown"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"like"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in manner"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"hard"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少ない","gloss":"few","reading":"すくない"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt4.12.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt4.13","source":"ええ、 少ないですね。","translation":"Yes, there are few.","reading":"ええ、すくないですね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"少ない","gloss":"few","reading":"すくない"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt4.13.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt4.14","source":"今日は 春の ような 天気ですね。","translation":"It is springlike weather today, isn’t it?","reading":"きょうははるのようなてんきですね。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"春","gloss":"spring","reading":"はる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"like"},{"text":"な","gloss":"linking"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt4.14.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L039.pt4.15","source":"ええ、あったかい 日ですね。","translation":"Yes, it is a warm day.","reading":"ええ、あったかいひですね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"あったかい","gloss":"warm"},{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.pt4.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"マッチ","gloss":"match"},{"word":"小包","gloss":"parcel, small package"},{"word":"送る","gloss":"to send (v.t.)"},{"word":"春","gloss":"spring"},{"word":"あったかい","gloss":"warm"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Monterey harbor and railway · Reading Selection 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"A small port linked by rail","paragraphs":["Monterey is a small fishing port with many small boats and one steamer.","*市と 港の 間を 鉄道が 通っています* says that a railroad runs between the city and harbor.","*この 鉄道は サンフランシスコに 通じて います* says that this railroad leads to San Francisco."]},{"title":"Kanji: 間","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.001","source":"モンテレーは 小さな ぎょ港で、 港には 小さな 舟が","translation":"Monterey is a small fishing port, and in the harbor there are many small boats","reading":"モンテレーはちいさなぎょこうで、みなとにはちいさなふねが","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"小さな","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさな"},{"text":"ぎ","gloss":"fishing port"},{"text":"ょ","gloss":"fishing port"},{"text":"港","gloss":"fishing port","reading":"こう"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is, and"},{"text":"港","gloss":"harbor","reading":"みなと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"小さな","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさな"},{"text":"舟","gloss":"boats","reading":"ふね"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.002","source":"沢山 ついています。","translation":"moored there.","reading":"たくさんついています。","words":[{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"つい","gloss":"are moored"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are moored"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are moored"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"are moored"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.003","source":"汽船は 一そうしか 居ません。","translation":"There is only one steamer.","reading":"きせんはいっそうしかいません。","words":[{"text":"汽船","gloss":"steamer","reading":"きせん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一そう","gloss":"one vessel","reading":"いっそう"},{"text":"しか","gloss":"only"},{"text":"居","gloss":"exists","reading":"い"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.004","source":"市と 港の 間を","translation":"Between the city and the harbor","reading":"しとみなとのあいだを","words":[{"text":"市","gloss":"city","reading":"し"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"港","gloss":"harbor","reading":"みなと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"間","gloss":"between"},{"text":"を","gloss":"through"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.005","source":"鉄道が 通っています。","translation":"runs a railroad.","reading":"てつどうがかよっています。","words":[{"text":"鉄道","gloss":"railroad","reading":"てつどう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"通っ","gloss":"runs","reading":"かよっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"runs"},{"text":"い","gloss":"runs"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"runs"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.006","source":"この 鉄道は サンフランシスコに 通じて","translation":"This railroad leads to San Francisco","reading":"このてつどうはサンフランシスコにつうじて","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"鉄道","gloss":"railroad","reading":"てつどう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"通じ","gloss":"leads","reading":"つうじ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"leads"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.007","source":"います。","translation":"It does.","reading":"います。","words":[{"text":"い","gloss":"leads"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"leads"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"word":"小さな","gloss":"small (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"舟","gloss":"boat"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"鉄道","gloss":"railway, railroad"},{"word":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Trains and fishing boats · Reading Selection 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"One train and no canneries","paragraphs":["A train leaves only once a day, and the station is visible on the right.","The city once had many fish canneries, but none remain. Large steamers do not enter the harbor."]},{"title":"A boat about to leave","paragraphs":["*今 ぎょ船が 港を 出る ところです* means \"A fishing boat is about to leave the harbor now.\"","The dictionary form before *ところです* places the departure immediately before it begins."]}],"lines":[{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.008","source":"一日に 一度だけ れっ車が 出ます。","translation":"A train leaves only once a day.","reading":"いちにちにいちどだけれっしゃがでます。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"one day","reading":"いち"},{"text":"日","gloss":"one day","reading":"にち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one time","reading":"いち"},{"text":"度","gloss":"one time","reading":"ど"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"train"},{"text":"っ","gloss":"train"},{"text":"車","gloss":"train","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出","gloss":"leave","reading":"で"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.009","source":"右の方に 駅が 見えますね。","translation":"You can see the station on the right, can’t you?","reading":"みぎのほうにえきがみえますね。","words":[{"text":"右","gloss":"right","reading":"みぎ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"side","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"駅","gloss":"station","reading":"えき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"見え","gloss":"can see","reading":"みえ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.010","source":"ずっと 前には、 この 市には さかなの かんづめ工場が 沢山 ありました","translation":"A long time ago, there were many fish canneries in this city,","reading":"ずっとまえには、このしにはさかなのかんづめこうじょうがたくさんありました","words":[{"text":"ずっと","gloss":"long"},{"text":"前","gloss":"ago","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"市","gloss":"city","reading":"し"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"かんづめ","gloss":"canned goods"},{"text":"工場","gloss":"factories","reading":"こうじょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"existed"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.011","source":"が 今では ありません。","translation":"but now there are none.","reading":"がいまではありません。","words":[{"text":"が","gloss":"but"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.012","source":"港には 大きな 汽船は はいりません。","translation":"Large steamers do not enter the harbor.","reading":"みなとにはおおきなきせんははいりません。","words":[{"text":"港","gloss":"harbor","reading":"みなと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"汽船","gloss":"steamers","reading":"きせん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"はいり","gloss":"enter"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.012.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.013","source":"ごらんなさい。","translation":"Look.","reading":"ごらんなさい。","words":[{"text":"ごらん","gloss":"look"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"command"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.013.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.014","source":"今 ぎょ船が 港を 出る ところです。","translation":"A fishing boat is about to leave the harbor now.","reading":"いまぎょせんがみなとをでるところです。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"ぎ","gloss":"fishing boat"},{"text":"ょ","gloss":"fishing boat"},{"text":"船","gloss":"fishing boat","reading":"せん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"港","gloss":"harbor","reading":"みなと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出る","gloss":"leave","reading":"でる"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"about to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.014.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"だけ","gloss":"only, just (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"前","gloss":"before, front"},{"word":"は、","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"大きな","gloss":"big, large (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Fishing boat routines · Reading Selection 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"The fishing boat routine","paragraphs":["Fishing boats usually leave in the evening and return early in the morning. Another fishing boat is going out.","*これは あちらのほど 大きくも ないし、 早くも ないらしいです* says this boat is not as large as the other. It does not seem to be as fast either."]},{"title":"A person who appears to be a woman","paragraphs":["*一番 高い 所に 居る 人は 女の人の ようですが* says that the person at the highest point appears to be a woman.","The *の よう* form marks the person's apparent identity."]}],"lines":[{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.015","source":"ぎょ船は 大抵 夕方 出かけて 朝早く 帰って 来ます。","translation":"Fishing boats usually leave in the evening and return early in the morning.","reading":"ぎょせんはたいていゆうがたでかけてあさはやくかえってきます。","words":[{"text":"ぎ","gloss":"fishing boats"},{"text":"ょ","gloss":"fishing boats"},{"text":"船","gloss":"fishing boats","reading":"せん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"夕方","gloss":"evening","reading":"ゆうがた"},{"text":"出かけ","gloss":"leave","reading":"でかけ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"return","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"return"},{"text":"来","gloss":"return","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"return"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.015.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.016","source":"もう 一そう","translation":"Another","reading":"もういっそう","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"another"},{"text":"一そう","gloss":"one vessel","reading":"いっそう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.016.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.017","source":"ぎょ船が 出て 行きます。","translation":"fishing boat is going out.","reading":"ぎょせんがでていきます。","words":[{"text":"ぎ","gloss":"fishing boat"},{"text":"ょ","gloss":"fishing boat"},{"text":"船","gloss":"fishing boat","reading":"せん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出","gloss":"going out","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"going out"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"going out","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"going out"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.017.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.018","source":"これは あちらのほど 大きくも ないし、","translation":"This one is not as large as that one, and","reading":"これはあちらのほどおおきくもないし、","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あちら","gloss":"that one"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as much as"},{"text":"大きく","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.018.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.019","source":"早くも ないらしいです。","translation":"it does not seem to be as fast either.","reading":"はやくもないらしいです。","words":[{"text":"早く","gloss":"fast","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"either"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.019.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.020","source":"一番 高い 所に 居る 人は 女の人の ようですが、","translation":"The person at the highest point appears to be a woman, but","reading":"いちばんたかいところにいるひとはおんなのひとのようですが、","words":[{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"high","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"居る","gloss":"is located","reading":"いる"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"女","gloss":"woman","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"appears"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.020.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.021","source":"夏には 港の そばを 沢山の 人が 散歩したり、 近くの 海で","translation":"In summer, many people stroll by the harbor and swim","reading":"なつにはみなとのそばをたくさんのひとがさんぽしたり、ちかくのうみで","words":[{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"港","gloss":"harbor","reading":"みなと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"そば","gloss":"beside"},{"text":"を","gloss":"along"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"散歩","gloss":"stroll","reading":"さんぽ"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"近く","gloss":"nearby","reading":"ちかく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"海","gloss":"sea","reading":"うみ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.021.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"夕方","gloss":"evening"},{"word":"あちら","gloss":"that over there, over there"},{"word":"一番","gloss":"number one (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"},{"word":"そば","gloss":"vicinity"},{"word":"近く","gloss":"vicinity"},{"word":"海","gloss":"sea, ocean"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Seaside visitors and vehicles · Reading Selection 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Cars beside the harbor","paragraphs":["In summer, people stroll by the harbor and swim in the nearby sea.","*右の方に 自動車が 何台も とまっています* says that many cars are parked on the right.","The cars probably belong to people who have come for recreation, fishing, or shopping. The station warehouse is visible beyond them."]},{"title":"Kanji: 台","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.022","source":"およいだりします。","translation":"in the nearby sea.","reading":"およいだりします。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"swim"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"swim"},{"text":"だり","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.022.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.023","source":"右の方に 自動車が 何台も とまっています。","translation":"There are many cars parked on the right.","reading":"みぎのほうにじどうしゃがなんだいもとまっています。","words":[{"text":"右","gloss":"right","reading":"みぎ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"side","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"cars","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"cars","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"何","gloss":"many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"台","gloss":"many","reading":"だい"},{"text":"も","gloss":"many"},{"text":"とまっ","gloss":"are parked"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are parked"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are parked"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"are parked"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.023.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.024","source":"あそびに 来たり、 つりや 買物に 来ている 人々の 自動車でしょう。","translation":"They are probably the cars of people who have come for recreation, fishing, or shopping.","reading":"あそびにきたり、つりやかいものにきているひとびとのじどうしゃでしょう。","words":[{"text":"あそび","gloss":"recreation"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"つり","gloss":"fishing"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"買物","gloss":"shopping","reading":"かいもの"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"来","gloss":"have come","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have come"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"have come"},{"text":"人々","gloss":"people","reading":"ひとびと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"cars","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"cars","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.024.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L039.rd.025","source":"そのむこうには 駅の そうこも 見えます。","translation":"Beyond them, you can also see the station warehouse.","reading":"そのむこうにはえきのそうこもみえます。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"those"},{"text":"むこう","gloss":"beyond"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"駅","gloss":"station","reading":"えき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"そうこ","gloss":"warehouse"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"見え","gloss":"can see","reading":"みえ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.rd.025.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"人々","gloss":"people"},{"word":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"むこう","gloss":"destination, yonder"},{"word":"そうこ","gloss":"warehouse"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Monterey harbor and canneries · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Facts about the port","paragraphs":["The questions ask what kind of harbor Monterey has, which factories it once had, and where its railway leads.","*モンテレーは どんな 港ですか* means \"What kind of harbor is Monterey?\"","An answer supplies the requested fact from the reading, such as a small fishing port."]}],"lines":[{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L039.q.001","source":"よく わかりません。","translation":"I do not understand very well.","reading":"よくわかりません。","words":[{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.q.001.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L039.q.002","source":"モンテレーは どんな 港ですか。","translation":"What kind of harbor is Monterey?","reading":"モンテレーはどんなみなとですか。","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"港","gloss":"harbor","reading":"みなと"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.q.002.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L039.q.003","source":"港には 汽船が 沢山 居ます。","translation":"There are many steamers in the harbor.","reading":"みなとにはきせんがたくさんいます。","words":[{"text":"港","gloss":"harbor","reading":"みなと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"汽船","gloss":"steamers","reading":"きせん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"居","gloss":"exist","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.q.003.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L039.q.004","source":"モンテレーには どんな 工場が 沢山 ありましたか。","translation":"What kind of factories were there many of in Monterey?","reading":"モンテレーにはどんなこうじょうがたくさんありましたか。","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"工場","gloss":"factories","reading":"こうじょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"existed"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.q.004.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L039.q.005","source":"モンテレーには 鉄道が 通じていますか。","translation":"Is Monterey connected by railroad?","reading":"モンテレーにはてつどうがつうじていますか。","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"鉄道","gloss":"railroad","reading":"てつどう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"通じ","gloss":"is connected","reading":"つうじ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is connected"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is connected"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is connected"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.q.005.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L039.q.006","source":"この 鉄道は どこに 通じていますか。","translation":"Where does this railroad lead?","reading":"このてつどうはどこにつうじていますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"鉄道","gloss":"railroad","reading":"てつどう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"通じ","gloss":"leads","reading":"つうじ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"leads"},{"text":"い","gloss":"leads"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"leads"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.q.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Visitors to Monterey · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Times and reasons","paragraphs":["The questions ask when trains and fishing boats travel and why people visit Monterey.","*一日に 何度 れっ車が 出ますか* means \"How many times a day does the train leave?\"","An answer gives the requested time, frequency, or purpose from the reading."]}],"lines":[{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L039.q.007","source":"一日に 何度 れっ車が 出ますか。","translation":"How many times a day does the train leave?","reading":"いちにちになんどれっしゃがでますか。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"one day","reading":"いち"},{"text":"日","gloss":"one day","reading":"にち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"度","gloss":"times","reading":"ど"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"train"},{"text":"っ","gloss":"train"},{"text":"車","gloss":"train","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出","gloss":"leave","reading":"で"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.q.007.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L039.q.008","source":"ぎょ船は 大抵 いつ 港を 出ますか。","translation":"When do fishing boats usually leave the harbor?","reading":"ぎょせんはたいていいつみなとをでますか。","words":[{"text":"ぎ","gloss":"fishing boats"},{"text":"ょ","gloss":"fishing boats"},{"text":"船","gloss":"fishing boats","reading":"せん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"港","gloss":"harbor","reading":"みなと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出","gloss":"leave","reading":"で"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.q.008.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L039.q.009","source":"ぎょ船は いつ 帰って 来ますか。","translation":"When do the fishing boats return?","reading":"ぎょせんはいつかえってきますか。","words":[{"text":"ぎ","gloss":"fishing boats"},{"text":"ょ","gloss":"fishing boats"},{"text":"船","gloss":"fishing boats","reading":"せん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"return","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"return"},{"text":"来","gloss":"return","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.q.009.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L039.q.010","source":"夏には 沢山の 人が モンテレーに 来ますか。","translation":"Do many people come to Monterey in the summer?","reading":"なつにはたくさんのひとがモンテレーにきますか。","words":[{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.q.010.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L039.q.011","source":"この 人たちは 何を しに モンテレーに 来ますか。","translation":"What do these people come to Monterey to do?","reading":"このひとたちはなにをしにモンテレーにきますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"these"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"people"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in order to"},{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.q.011.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"いつ","gloss":"when?"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Railway and resort words · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Railways and recreation","paragraphs":["These words cover rail travel, landscape, resorts, and leisure boats.","*鉄道* means \"railway\" or \"railroad,\" *おんせん町* means \"spa\" or \"hot spring resort,\" and *かんこう船* means \"sightseeing boat.\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 島","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.001","source":"鉄道","translation":"railway, railroad","reading":"てつどう","words":[{"text":"鉄道","gloss":"railway","reading":"てつどう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.001.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.002","source":"トンネル","translation":"tunnel","reading":"トンネル","words":[{"text":"トンネル","gloss":"tunnel"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.002.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.003","source":"れっ車","translation":"train","reading":"れっしゃ","words":[{"text":"れっ車","gloss":"train","reading":"れっしゃ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.003.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.004","source":"駅","translation":"railroad station","reading":"えき","words":[{"text":"駅","gloss":"railroad station","reading":"えき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.004.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.005","source":"ふみ切り","translation":"railroad crossing","reading":"ふみきり","words":[{"text":"ふみ切り","gloss":"railroad crossing","reading":"ふみきり"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.005.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.006","source":"半島","translation":"peninsula","reading":"はんとう","words":[{"text":"半島","gloss":"peninsula","reading":"はんとう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.006.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.007","source":"おんせん町","translation":"spa, hot spring resort","reading":"おんせんまち","words":[{"text":"おんせん町","gloss":"hot spring resort","reading":"おんせんまち"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.007.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.008","source":"おんせん","translation":"hot spring","reading":"おんせん","words":[{"text":"おんせん","gloss":"hot spring"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.008.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.009","source":"けしき","translation":"scenery","reading":"けしき","words":[{"text":"けしき","gloss":"scenery"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.009.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.010","source":"ヨット","translation":"yacht","reading":"ヨット","words":[{"text":"ヨット","gloss":"yacht"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.010.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.011","source":"かんこう船","translation":"sightseeing boat","reading":"かんこうせん","words":[{"text":"かんこう船","gloss":"sightseeing boat","reading":"かんこうせん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.011.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"トンネル","gloss":"tunnel"},{"word":"れっ車","gloss":"train"},{"word":"半島","gloss":"peninsula"},{"word":"おんせん町","gloss":"spa, hot spring resort"},{"word":"おんせん","gloss":"hot spring"},{"word":"ヨット","gloss":"yacht"},{"word":"かんこう船","gloss":"sightseeing boat"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Countryside and transport words · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Countryside and transport","paragraphs":["These words cover rural places and people, transport, and physical movement.","*ぎょ船* means \"fishing boat,\" *お百しょう* means \"farmer,\" and *よりかかる* means \"to lean against.\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 村","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.012","source":"ぎょ船","translation":"fishing boat","reading":"ぎょせん","words":[{"text":"ぎょ船","gloss":"fishing boat","reading":"ぎょせん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.012.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.013","source":"そうこ","translation":"warehouse","reading":"そうこ","words":[{"text":"そうこ","gloss":"warehouse"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.013.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.014","source":"田","translation":"paddy field","reading":"た","words":[{"text":"田","gloss":"paddy field","reading":"た"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.014.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.015","source":"村","translation":"village","reading":"むら","words":[{"text":"村","gloss":"village","reading":"むら"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.015.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.016","source":"のう家","translation":"farm house","reading":"のうか","words":[{"text":"のう家","gloss":"farmhouse","reading":"のうか"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.016.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.017","source":"お百しょう","translation":"farmer","reading":"おひゃくしょう","words":[{"text":"お百しょう","gloss":"farmer","reading":"おひゃくしょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.017.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.018","source":"自転車","translation":"bicycle","reading":"じてんしゃ","words":[{"text":"自転車","gloss":"bicycle","reading":"じてんしゃ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.018.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.019","source":"外人","translation":"foreigner","reading":"がいじん","words":[{"text":"外人","gloss":"foreigner","reading":"がいじん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.019.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.020","source":"とまる","translation":"to stop","reading":"とまる","words":[{"text":"とまる","gloss":"stop"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.020.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.021","source":"よりかかる","translation":"to lean against","reading":"よりかかる","words":[{"text":"よりかかる","gloss":"lean against"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.021.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.022","source":"運転(する)","translation":"driving (to drive) v.t.","reading":"うんてん(する)","words":[{"text":"運転(する)","gloss":"drive","reading":"うんてん(する)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ぎょ船","gloss":"fishing boat"},{"word":"田","gloss":"paddy field"},{"word":"村","gloss":"village"},{"word":"のう家","gloss":"farm house"},{"word":"お百しょう","gloss":"farmer"},{"word":"自転車","gloss":"bicycle"},{"word":"外人","gloss":"foreigner"},{"word":"とまる","gloss":"to stop"},{"word":"よりかかる","gloss":"to lean against"},{"word":"運転(する)","gloss":"driving (to drive) v.t."}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Movement and timing expressions · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"A name the speaker cannot recall","paragraphs":["*何とか言う* means \"called by some name\" when the speaker cannot recall the name of a thing, place, or person.","It stands before the noun being identified. Other entries cover movement, timing, connection, and resemblance.","*つくところ* means \"about to arrive,\" while *出た* means \"left this moment.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.023","source":"おうふくする","translation":"to shuttle, run between v.t.","reading":"おうふくする","words":[{"text":"おうふくする","gloss":"shuttle"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.023.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.024","source":"通じる","translation":"to run, be laid","reading":"つうじる","words":[{"text":"通じる","gloss":"run","reading":"つうじる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.024.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.025","source":"しずか","translation":"quiet","reading":"しずか","words":[{"text":"しずか","gloss":"quiet"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.025.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.026","source":"おもしろい","translation":"interesting, to be fun","reading":"おもしろい","words":[{"text":"おもしろい","gloss":"interesting"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.026.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.027","source":"そう","translation":"numerical counter for ships","reading":"そう","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"ship counter"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.027.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.028","source":"つくところ","translation":"about to arrive (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"つくところ","words":[{"text":"つくところ","gloss":"about to arrive"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.028.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.029","source":"出た","translation":"just left (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"でた","words":[{"text":"出た","gloss":"just left","reading":"でた"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.029.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.030","source":"何とか言う","translation":"called by some name; I can't recall; which you may call (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"なんとかいう","words":[{"text":"何とか言う","gloss":"called something","reading":"なんとかいう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.030.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.031","source":"--し","translation":"and furthermore (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"--し","words":[{"text":"--し","gloss":"and furthermore"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.031.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.032","source":"ゆっくり","translation":"leisurely","reading":"ゆっくり","words":[{"text":"ゆっくり","gloss":"leisurely"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.032.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.033","source":"--のよう","translation":"like, appears (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"--のよう","words":[{"text":"--のよう","gloss":"like"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.033.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"おうふくする","gloss":"to shuttle, run between v.t."},{"word":"通じる","gloss":"to run, be laid"},{"word":"おもしろい","gloss":"interesting, to be fun"},{"word":"つくところ","gloss":"about to arrive (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"出た","gloss":"just left (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"何とか言う","gloss":"called by some name; I can't recall; which you may call (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"--し","gloss":"and furthermore (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"--のよう","gloss":"like, appears (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Comparing cars and trains · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Cars, trains, and a tunnel","paragraphs":["These entries review equal and unequal comparisons and an action completed this moment.","*自動車は 汽車ぐらい 早く 走れますか* means \"Can an automobile go as fast as a train?\"","*いいえ、 日本では、 自動車は 汽車ほど 早く 走れません* means \"No, in Japan an automobile cannot go as fast as a train.\"","*あの れっ車は 今 トンネルを 出た ところです* means \"That train came out of the tunnel this moment.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":164,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.034","source":"--ぐらい","translation":"as -- as (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"--ぐらい","words":[{"text":"--ぐらい","gloss":"as much as"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.034.m4a"},{"number":165,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.035","source":"--ほど","translation":"not so -- as (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"--ほど","words":[{"text":"--ほど","gloss":"not as much as"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.035.m4a"},{"number":166,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.036","source":"自動車は 汽車ぐらい 早く 走れますか。","translation":"Can an automobile go as fast as a train?","reading":"じどうしゃはきしゃぐらいはやくはしれますか。","words":[{"text":"自動車は汽車ぐらい早く走れますか。","gloss":"Can cars match trains?","reading":"じどうしゃはきしゃぐらいはやくはしれますか。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.036.m4a"},{"number":167,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.037","source":"いいえ、 日本では、 自動車は 汽車ほど 早く 走れません。","translation":"No, in Japan an automobile cannot go as fast as a train.","reading":"いいえ、にほんでは、じどうしゃはきしゃほどはやくはしれません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、日本では、自動車は汽車ほど早く走れません。","gloss":"Cars cannot match trains","reading":"いいえ、にほんでは、じどうしゃはきしゃほどはやくはしれません。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.037.m4a"},{"number":168,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.038","source":"なぜ 自動車は 汽車ほど 早く 走れませんか。","translation":"Why can't an automobile go as fast as a train?","reading":"なぜじどうしゃはきしゃほどはやくはしれませんか。","words":[{"text":"なぜ自動車は汽車ほど早く走れませんか。","gloss":"Why are cars slower?","reading":"なぜじどうしゃはきしゃほどはやくはしれませんか。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.038.m4a"},{"number":169,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.039","source":"道が わるい上に 人や 車が 多いから、 あぶなくて 早く 走れないのです。","translation":"Besides the roads being bad, there are many people and vehicles; so it's dangerous and one can't go fast.","reading":"みちがわるいうえにひとやくるまがおおいから、あぶなくてはやくはしれないのです。","words":[{"text":"道がわるい上に人や車が多いから、あぶなくて早く走れないのです。","gloss":"Danger prevents fast driving","reading":"みちがわるいうえにひとやくるまがおおいから、あぶなくてはやくはしれないのです。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.039.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.040","source":"あの れっ車は 今 トンネルを 出た ところです。","translation":"That train has just come out of the tunnel.","reading":"あのれっしゃはいまトンネルをでたところです。","words":[{"text":"あのれっ車は今トンネルを出たところです。","gloss":"train just left tunnel","reading":"あのれっしゃはいまトンネルをでたところです。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.040.m4a"},{"number":171,"id":"ja.dli.L039.w.041","source":"ここから おんせん町まで 鉄道が 通じている","translation":"A railway runs from here to a spa.","reading":"ここからおんせんまちまでてつどうがつうじている","words":[{"text":"ここからおんせん町まで鉄道が通じている","gloss":"railway runs to spa","reading":"ここからおんせんまちまでてつどうがつうじている"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L039.w.041.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"--ぐらい","gloss":"as -- as (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"--ほど","gloss":"not so -- as (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"自動車は汽車ぐらい早く走れますか。","gloss":"\"Can an automobile go as fast as a train?\""},{"word":"いいえ、日本では、自動車は汽車ほど早く走れません。","gloss":"\"No, in Japan an automobile cannot go as fast as a train.\""},{"word":"なぜ自動車は汽車ほど早く走れませんか。","gloss":"\"Why can't an automobile go as fast as a train?\""},{"word":"道がわるい上に人や車が多いから、あぶなくて早く走れないのです。","gloss":"\"Besides the roads being bad, there are many people and vehicles; so it's dangerous and one can't go fast.\""},{"word":"あのれっ車は今トンネルを出たところです。","gloss":"\"That train has just come out of the tunnel.\""},{"word":"ここからおんせん町まで鉄道が通じている","gloss":"\"A railway runs from here to a spa.\""}],"paradigms":[]}]}