{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L040","title":"Lesson 40","stage":"Kanji and everyday Japanese","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 40: welcoming a visitor · dialogue 1 of 3, garden work and weather · dialogue 2 of 3, watering plants and taking breaks · dialogue 3 of 3, going and coming back · perception drill, durations spanning whole periods · perception drill, combining errands with exercise · perception drill, inferring from appearances · perception drill, suggesting something or someone · perception drill, leaving to run errands · pattern 1 1 of 2, fetching mail and postcards · pattern 1 2 of 2, activities lasting whole periods · pattern 2 1 of 2, seasons and all-day absences · pattern 2 2 of 2, exercise alongside other activities · pattern 3 1 of 2, visiting while out walking · pattern 3 2 of 2, drawing conclusions from appearances · pattern 4 1 of 2, inferring health and recent changes · pattern 4 2 of 2, suggesting casual alternatives · pattern 5 1 of 2, choosing an informal alternative · pattern 5 2 of 2, weekend gardening weather · reading selection 1 of 4, spring garden chores · reading selection 2 of 4, a helpful visiting friend · reading selection 3 of 4, tea with a friend · reading selection 4 of 4, weather and garden questions · questions 1 of 2, questions about a visitor · questions 2 of 2, garden and body words · word list 1 of 4, drinks and garden verbs · word list 2 of 4, weather and welcome expressions · word list 3 of 4, time.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/40","lines":207},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/39","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/41","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Welcoming a visitor · Dialogue 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A warm welcome","paragraphs":["*やあ、 ネルソン ちゅうさ。 よく いらっしゃいました。 どうぞ こちらへ* means \"Oh, LTC Nelson! I'm glad you came. Please, this way.\"","A host welcomes Nelson, invites him over, and asks what he is doing. They then discuss the weather."]},{"title":"Clear and warm weather","paragraphs":["*空は よく 晴れていて、 雲は ないし、 あったかな 日です* means \"The sky is very clear and there are no clouds and it is a warm day.\"","The line links three descriptions: a clear sky, no clouds, and a warm day."]},{"title":"Kanji: 空, 晴, 雲","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 青","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 今朝","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L040.dlg.001","source":"今日は。","translation":"Hello.","reading":"こんにちは。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"こんにち"},{"text":"は。","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L040.dlg.002","source":"やあ、 ネルソン ちゅうさ。 よく いらっしゃいました。 どうぞ こちらへ。","translation":"Oh, LTC Nelson! I'm glad you came. Please, this way.","reading":"やあ、ネルソンちゅうさ。よくいらっしゃいました。どうぞこちらへ。","words":[{"text":"やあ、","gloss":"oh"},{"text":"ネルソン","gloss":"Nelson"},{"text":"ちゅう","gloss":"lieutenant colonel"},{"text":"さ。","gloss":"lieutenant colonel"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"gladly"},{"text":"いらっしゃい","gloss":"came"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"came"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"came"},{"text":"どうぞ","gloss":"please"},{"text":"こちら","gloss":"this way"},{"text":"へ。","gloss":"toward"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L040.dlg.003","source":"今日は いい お天気ですね。","translation":"It's nice weather today, isn't it?","reading":"きょうはいいおてんきですね。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorific"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L040.dlg.004","source":"ええ、 ほんとに いい お天気ですね。 空は よく 晴れていて、 雲は ないし、 あったかな 日です。","translation":"It really is nice weather. The sky is very clear and there are no clouds and it is a warm day.","reading":"ええ、ほんとにいいおてんきですね。そらはよくはれていて、くもはないし、あったかなひです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ほんと","gloss":"really"},{"text":"に","gloss":"really"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorific"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"空","gloss":"sky","reading":"そら"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"very"},{"text":"晴れ","gloss":"is clear","reading":"はれ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is clear"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is clear"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"is clear"},{"text":"雲","gloss":"clouds","reading":"くも"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"none"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and furthermore"},{"text":"あったか","gloss":"warm"},{"text":"な","gloss":"warm"},{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L040.dlg.005","source":"何を しているのですか。","translation":"What are you doing?","reading":"なにをしているのですか。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"doing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"doing"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"doing"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.dlg.005.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"TE form of a verb + KURU, 'to go and do something and come back'\n\nExamples:\n\nCHOTTO MITE KITE KUDASAI. \"Please (go) see and come back.\" \"Please go and see.\" \"Please go take a look.\"\n\nA-SAN O YONDE KINASAI \"Go and call Mr. A and come back.\" \"Go get Mr. A.\"\n\nGYUUNYUU O KATTE KITE KUDASAI. \"Please go and buy milk and come back.\" \"Please go and buy milk.\"\n\nNote the use of KURU after the TE-form of a verb in such idiomatic expressions as TSURETE KURU 'to bring somebody' and MOTTE KURU 'to bring something.'"},{"section":2,"text":"--JUU 'throughout'\n\na. A time or place noun compounded with JUU means 'throughout ---,' e.g.,\n\nKOTOSHI-JUU throughout this year\n\nICHIGATSU-JUU throughout January\n\nHITOBAN-JUU throughout the night, all night long\n\nNIHON-JUU throughout Japan\n\nb. When the particle NI follows a JUU compound, the combination means 'within such-and-such a period of time.' Thus:\n\nKOTOSHI-JUU NI within this year\n\nKONSHUU-JUU NI within this week"},{"section":3,"text":"GATERA\n\nGATERA is attached to the second base of a verb or to a verbal noun and it means 'by way of,' 'at the same time,' 'utilizing the opportunity of,' or 'partly for ---,' or 'mainly for ---.' The action preceding GATERA is usually the more important of the two actions which occur more or less simultaneously.\n\nIn the example, UNDOO GATERA SANPO NI IKIMASHITA, UNDOO denotes more or less the purpose of the walk and is translated: \"I went for a stroll mainly for exercise.\""},{"section":4,"text":"Dictionary Form + YOO\n\nNO YOO DESU, NO YOO NA, and NO YOO NI means 'appears' or 'seems' and may be in any tense to describe the situation.\n\nExamples:\n\nAME GA FURU YOO DESU. \"It looks like it's going to rain.\"\n\nAME GA FUTTE IRU YOO DESU. \"It looks like it is raining.\"\n\nAME GA FUTTA YOO DESU. \"It looks like it rained.\"\n\nAME GA FUTTE ITA YOO DESU. \"It looks like it was raining.\"\n\nYOO may function as an adjective or an adverb.\n\nAME GA FURU YOO NA TENKI DESU. \"In this weather it is likely to rain.\"\n\nAME GA FUTTE IRU YOO NI MIEMASU. \"It looks as if it is raining.\""},{"section":5,"text":"DEMO '-- or something'\n\nDEMO also may imply '-- or other things of more or less the same kind.' BIIRU DEMO NOMIMASHOO may be translated, \"Let's drink beer or something like it\" or \"Shall we drink beer or something like it?\" The speaker is subtly suggesting."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"は。","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"やあ、","gloss":"Oh!"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"こちら","gloss":"this, here (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"へ。","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"天気","gloss":"weather"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"雲","gloss":"cloud"},{"word":"し、","gloss":"city"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Garden work and weather · Dialogue 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Work in the garden","paragraphs":["*にわの 手入れを しています* means that the speaker is caring for the garden now.","The gardener describes the morning weather, coming chores, and the strong wind the night before."]},{"title":"Weather like spring","paragraphs":["*ちょう度 春のような 天気ですね* describes the present weather as like spring weather.","Listen for *ような* after *春*. Here it presents spring as the comparison for the present weather."]},{"title":"Kanji: 曇","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L040.dlg.006","source":"にわの 手入れを しています。","translation":"I'm just now caring for the garden.","reading":"にわのていれをしています。","words":[{"text":"にわ","gloss":"garden"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"手入れ","gloss":"care","reading":"ていれ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"am tending"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am tending"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am tending"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am tending"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.dlg.006.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L040.dlg.007","source":"今朝は 少し 曇っていましたが、 十時頃から 日が てりはじめて、 ちょう度 春のような 天気ですね。","translation":"It was slightly cloudy this morning, but from around 10 o'clock the sun began to shine and it's just like spring weather now, isn't it?","reading":"けさはすこしくもっていましたが、じゅうじごろからひがてりはじめて、ちょうどはるのようなてんきですね。","words":[{"text":"今朝","gloss":"this morning","reading":"けさ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"slightly","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"曇っ","gloss":"was cloudy","reading":"くもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was cloudy"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was cloudy"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was cloudy"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was cloudy"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"十","gloss":"ten o'clock"},{"text":"時","gloss":"ten o'clock"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"日","gloss":"sun","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"て","gloss":"began shining"},{"text":"り","gloss":"began shining"},{"text":"はじめて、","gloss":"began shining"},{"text":"ちょう","gloss":"just"},{"text":"度","gloss":"just","reading":"ど"},{"text":"春","gloss":"spring","reading":"はる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"like"},{"text":"な","gloss":"like"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L040.dlg.008","source":"ええ、 ずい分 あったかくなりましたね。 これからは 花を うえたり、 草を ぬいたり しなければならないから、 週まつは いそがしくなります。","translation":"Yes, it has become quite warm. From now on I have to plant flowers and pull weeds, so I'll be busy on weekends.","reading":"ええ、ずいぶんあったかくなりましたね。これからははなをうえたり、くさをぬいたりしなければならないから、しゅうまつはいそがしくなります。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"quite"},{"text":"あったかく","gloss":"warm"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"became"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"now"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"花","gloss":"flowers","reading":"はな"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"うえ","gloss":"plant"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"things like"},{"text":"草","gloss":"weeds","reading":"くさ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ぬい","gloss":"pull"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"things like"},{"text":"し","gloss":"have to"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"have to"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"have to"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"have to"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"have to"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"週","gloss":"weekend","reading":"しゅう"},{"text":"まつ","gloss":"weekend"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いそがしく","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"will become"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"will become"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L040.dlg.009","source":"私の 家の 方では、 昨ばん かぜが ひどく ふきましたが、 こちらでは。","translation":"A strong wind blew around my place last night, but how about here?","reading":"わたくしのいえのほうでは、さくばんかぜがひどくふきましたが、こちらでは。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"方","gloss":"area","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"昨","gloss":"last night","reading":"さく"},{"text":"ばん","gloss":"last night"},{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"wind"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ひどく","gloss":"hard"},{"text":"ふき","gloss":"blew"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"blew"},{"text":"た","gloss":"blew"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"こちら","gloss":"here"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は。","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L040.dlg.010","source":"こちらでも かなり ひどく ふいて、 ほこりが たちましたよ。","translation":"It blew fairly hard here, too, and it became quite dusty.","reading":"こちらでもかなりひどくふいて、ほこりがたちましたよ。","words":[{"text":"こちら","gloss":"here"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"かなり","gloss":"fairly"},{"text":"ひどく","gloss":"hard"},{"text":"ふい","gloss":"blew"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"blew"},{"text":"ほこり","gloss":"dust"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"rose"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"rose"},{"text":"た","gloss":"rose"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.dlg.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"にわ","gloss":"garden, yard"},{"word":"手入れ","gloss":"care, mending"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"今朝","gloss":"this morning"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"頃","gloss":"approximate point of time (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"春","gloss":"spring"},{"word":"ずい分","gloss":"very much"},{"word":"なら","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ばん","gloss":"evening, night"},{"word":"かぜ","gloss":"wind"},{"word":"ひどく","gloss":"fiercely, violently"},{"word":"かなり","gloss":"fairly"},{"word":"ほこり","gloss":"dust"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Watering plants and taking breaks · Dialogue 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Work outside and take breaks","paragraphs":["*一日中 外で 働くのですか* means \"Do you work outside all day?\"","The gardener works partly for exercise, drinks beer when thirsty, and eats when hungry."]},{"title":"All day and partly for exercise","paragraphs":["Listen for *一日中*, which makes the time cover \"all day.\"","In *運動がてら やるのです*, *がてら* presents exercise as one purpose of the work."]},{"title":"Kanji: 飲, 水, 中, 外","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L040.dlg.011","source":"かぜが ふくと、 にわに うえてある ものが、 かわくでしょう。","translation":"When the wind blows, plants in the garden get dry, don't they?","reading":"かぜがふくと、にわにうえてあるものが、かわくでしょう。","words":[{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"wind"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ふく","gloss":"blows"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"にわ","gloss":"garden"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"うえ","gloss":"are planted"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are planted"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"are planted"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"plants"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"かわく","gloss":"dry"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L040.dlg.012","source":"ええ、 ずい分 かわいていますから、 水を やらなければ ならないと 思っています。","translation":"Yes, they are very dry, so I think I have to water them.","reading":"ええ、ずいぶんかわいていますから、みずをやらなければならないとおもっています。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"very"},{"text":"かわい","gloss":"are dry"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are dry"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are dry"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are dry"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"水","gloss":"water","reading":"みず"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やら","gloss":"must water"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must water"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must water"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"must water"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"must water"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"I think","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"I think"},{"text":"い","gloss":"I think"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"I think"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.dlg.012.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L040.dlg.013","source":"一日中 外で 働くのですか。","translation":"Do you work outside all day?","reading":"いちにちじゅうそとではたらくのですか。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"all day"},{"text":"日中","gloss":"all day"},{"text":"外","gloss":"outside"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"働く","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"it is that"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L040.dlg.014","source":"いいえ、 運動がてら やるのですから、 のん気な 事ですよ。 のどが かわくと、 ビールを 飲んだり、 おなかが すくと、 何か 食べたり するのです。","translation":"No. Since I work partly for exercise, it's really easy going. I drink beer, if I'm thirsty and eat something, when I get hungry.","reading":"いいえ、うんどうがてらやるのですから、のんきなことですよ。のどがかわくと、ビールをのんだり、おなかがすくと、なにかたべたりするのです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"運動","gloss":"exercise","reading":"うんどう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"partly for"},{"text":"てら","gloss":"partly for"},{"text":"やる","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"it is that"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"のん気","gloss":"easygoing"},{"text":"な","gloss":"easygoing"},{"text":"事","gloss":"situation","reading":"こと"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"のど","gloss":"throat"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"かわく","gloss":"get thirsty"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"ビール","gloss":"beer"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"飲ん","gloss":"drink","reading":"のん"},{"text":"だり、","gloss":"things like"},{"text":"おなか","gloss":"stomach"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"すく","gloss":"get hungry"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"何","gloss":"something","reading":"なに"},{"text":"か","gloss":"something"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"things like"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"it is that"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.dlg.014.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ふく","gloss":"to blow (v.i.)"},{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"},{"word":"かわく","gloss":"to dry (v.i.)"},{"word":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"水","gloss":"water"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"やる","gloss":"to do"},{"word":"のど","gloss":"throat"},{"word":"ビール","gloss":"beer"},{"word":"おなか","gloss":"stomach"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Going and coming back · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"Go, act, and come back","paragraphs":["*私は 店へ 行って、 さとうを 買って 来ます* means \"I'll go to the store and buy sugar and come back.\"","A TE-form followed by *来ます* expresses going to do the action and then coming back."]},{"title":"The action changes","paragraphs":["*昨日の しんぶんを もらって 来てください* means \"Please go get yesterday's newspaper.\"","The TE-form names the action completed away from here. *来てください* adds the requested return."]}],"lines":[{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp1.01","source":"私は 店へ 行って、 さとうを 買って 来ます。","translation":"I'll go to the store and buy sugar (and come back).","reading":"わたくしはみせへいって、さとうをかってきます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"店","gloss":"store","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"さとう","gloss":"sugar"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come back","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp1.02","source":"行って 来ます","translation":"I'll go.","reading":"いってきます","words":[{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come back","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp1.03","source":"もらって 来ます","translation":"I'll go and get","reading":"もらってきます","words":[{"text":"もらっ","gloss":"get"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come back","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp1.04","source":"よんで 来ます","translation":"I'll go and call","reading":"よんできます","words":[{"text":"よん","gloss":"call"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come back","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp1.05","source":"あそんで 来ます","translation":"I'll go to enjoy myself.","reading":"あそんできます","words":[{"text":"あそん","gloss":"enjoy myself"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come back","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp1.06","source":"食べて 来ます","translation":"I'll go and eat.","reading":"たべてきます","words":[{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come back","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp1.07","source":"だれか ゆうびんきょくへ 行って 手紙を 出してください。","translation":"Someone please go to the post office and mail this letter.","reading":"だれかゆうびんきょくへいっててがみをだしてください。","words":[{"text":"だれ","gloss":"someone"},{"text":"か","gloss":"someone"},{"text":"ゆうびん","gloss":"post office"},{"text":"きょく","gloss":"post office"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letter","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出し","gloss":"mail","reading":"だし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp1.08","source":"私が 行って 来ます。","translation":"I'll go and do it.","reading":"わたくしがいってきます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come back","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp1.09","source":"スミスさんを よんで ください。","translation":"Please go get Mr. Smith.","reading":"スミスさんをよんでください。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Mr. Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr. Smith"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"よん","gloss":"get"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp1.10","source":"はい、 よんで 来ます。","translation":"All right, I'll go get him.","reading":"はい、よんできます。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"よん","gloss":"get him"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come back","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp1.11","source":"あなたの せびろは ずい分 よごれています。","translation":"Your suit is quite dirty.","reading":"あなたのせびろはずいぶんよごれています。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"せびろ","gloss":"suit"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"quite"},{"text":"よごれ","gloss":"is dirty"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is dirty"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is dirty"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is dirty"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp1.11.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp1.12","source":"はい、 きれいなのに 着かえて 来ます。","translation":"Yes, I'll go change into a clean one.","reading":"はい、きれいなのにきかえてきます。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"clean"},{"text":"な","gloss":"clean"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"着かえ","gloss":"change clothes","reading":"きかえ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come back","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp1.12.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp1.13","source":"あなたは まだ ひるめしを 食べないのでしょう。","translation":"You haven't eaten lunch yet, have you?","reading":"あなたはまだひるめしをたべないのでしょう。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"ひるめし","gloss":"lunch"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"it is that"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp1.13.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp1.14","source":"ええ、 まだです。 今 食べて 来ます。","translation":"No, not yet. I'll go eat now.","reading":"ええ、まだです。いまたべてきます。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"not yet"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come back","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp1.14.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp1.15","source":"昨日の しんぶんを もらって 来てください。","translation":"Please go get yesterday's newspaper.","reading":"きのうのしんぶんをもらってきてください。","words":[{"text":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday","reading":"きのう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"しんぶん","gloss":"newspaper"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もらっ","gloss":"get"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come back","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp1.15.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp1.16","source":"はい、 もらって 来ます。","translation":"All right, I'll go get it.","reading":"はい、もらってきます。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"もらっ","gloss":"get it"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come back","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp1.16.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"店","gloss":"store, shop"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"さとう","gloss":"sugar"},{"word":"だれ","gloss":"who?"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ゆうびん","gloss":"postal service"},{"word":"手紙","gloss":"letter (correspondence)"},{"word":"ください。","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"せびろ","gloss":"suit"},{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"},{"word":"ひるめし","gloss":"lunch, noon meal"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Durations spanning whole periods · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"All through one day","paragraphs":["*私は 一日中 働きます* means \"I work all day long.\"","*中* after a time noun means that the activity continues throughout the named period."]},{"title":"Any whole period","paragraphs":["*ここは 一年中 すずしいです* means \"It is cool here all year long.\"","The same ending forms *一時間中*, \"for the whole hour,\" and *夏中*, \"all summer long.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp2.01","source":"私は 一日中 働きます。","translation":"I work all day long.","reading":"わたくしはいちにちじゅうはたらきます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一","gloss":"all day"},{"text":"日","gloss":"all day"},{"text":"中","gloss":"all day"},{"text":"働き","gloss":"work"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp2.01.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp2.02","source":"一時間中","translation":"For the whole hour.","reading":"いちじかんじゅう","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"whole hour"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"whole hour"},{"text":"中","gloss":"whole hour"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp2.02.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp2.03","source":"一年中","translation":"All year long.","reading":"いちねんじゅう","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"all year"},{"text":"年","gloss":"all year"},{"text":"中","gloss":"all year"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp2.03.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp2.04","source":"ひとばん中","translation":"All night long.","reading":"ひとばんじゅう","words":[{"text":"ひと","gloss":"all night"},{"text":"ばん","gloss":"all night"},{"text":"中","gloss":"all night","reading":"じゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp2.04.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp2.05","source":"春中","translation":"All spring long.","reading":"はるじゅう","words":[{"text":"春","gloss":"all spring","reading":"はる"},{"text":"中","gloss":"all spring","reading":"じゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp2.05.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp2.06","source":"夏中","translation":"All summer long.","reading":"なつじゅう","words":[{"text":"夏","gloss":"all summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"中","gloss":"all summer","reading":"じゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp2.06.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp2.07","source":"ここは 一年中 すずしいです。","translation":"It is cool here all year long.","reading":"ここはいちねんじゅうすずしいです。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一","gloss":"all year"},{"text":"年","gloss":"all year"},{"text":"中","gloss":"all year"},{"text":"すずしい","gloss":"cool"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp2.07.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp2.08","source":"私は 昨日 一日中 家に 居ました。","translation":"I was home all day yesterday.","reading":"わたくしはきのういちにちじゅういえにいました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday"},{"text":"一","gloss":"all day"},{"text":"日中","gloss":"all day"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"居","gloss":"was","reading":"い"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp2.08.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp2.09","source":"私は 夏中 あたみに 居ました。","translation":"I was in Atami all summer.","reading":"わたくしはなつじゅうあたみにいました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"all summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"中","gloss":"all summer","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"あ","gloss":"Atami"},{"text":"たみ","gloss":"Atami"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"居","gloss":"was","reading":"い"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp2.09.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp2.10","source":"一時間中 かん字ばかり べんきょうすると、 つかれます。","translation":"If you study nothing but kanji for a whole hour, you get tired.","reading":"いちじかんじゅうかんじばかりべんきょうすると、つかれます。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"whole hour"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"whole hour"},{"text":"中","gloss":"whole hour"},{"text":"か","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"字","gloss":"kanji","reading":"じ"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"nothing but"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"つかれ","gloss":"get tired"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp2.10.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp2.11","source":"今年は 春中 雨が 降りませんでした。","translation":"It didn't rain at all this spring.","reading":"ことしははるじゅうあめがふりませんでした。","words":[{"text":"今年","gloss":"this year","reading":"ことし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"春","gloss":"all spring"},{"text":"中","gloss":"all spring"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"did not rain","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"did not rain"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"did not rain"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"did not rain"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did not rain"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp2.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"時間","gloss":"hour, time"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"夏","gloss":"summer"},{"word":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"word":"すずしい","gloss":"cool"},{"word":"今年","gloss":"this year"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Combining errands with exercise · Perception drill, Block 3","teaching":[{"title":"One activity with another","paragraphs":["*私は 運動がてら 毎日 学校に 歩いて 来ます* means \"By way of exercise I walk to school every day.\"","*がてら* follows an action noun here. It presents that action as the purpose or occasion accompanying another action."]},{"title":"The first purpose matters more","paragraphs":["*昨日は 運動がてら 散歩に 行きました* means \"Yesterday I went for a walk to get some exercise.\"","The activity before *がてら* is usually the more important of the two activities."]}],"lines":[{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp3.01","source":"私は 運動がてら 毎日 学校に 歩いて 来ます。","translation":"By way of exercise I walk to school every day.","reading":"わたくしはうんどうがてらまいにちがっこうにあるいてきます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"運動","gloss":"exercise","reading":"うんどう"},{"text":"がてら","gloss":"while also"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"歩い","gloss":"walk","reading":"あるい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp3.01.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp3.02","source":"昨日は 散歩がてら 友だちの 家に あそびに 行きました。","translation":"Yesterday, while out for a walk, I went to visit a friend's house.","reading":"きのうはさんぽがてらともだちのいえにあそびにいきました。","words":[{"text":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday","reading":"きのう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"散歩","gloss":"a walk","reading":"さんぽ"},{"text":"がてら","gloss":"while also"},{"text":"友だち","gloss":"friend","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"visit"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"went","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"went"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"went"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp3.02.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp3.03","source":"あそびがてら べんきょうすると、 何も 習えません。","translation":"If you study while playing around, you won't learn anything.","reading":"あそびがてらべんきょうすると、なにもならえません。","words":[{"text":"あそび","gloss":"playing"},{"text":"がてら","gloss":"while also"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なに"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"習え","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならえ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp3.03.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp3.04","source":"昨日は 花見がてら うえの こうえんに 行きました。","translation":"Yesterday I went to Ueno Park, combining the trip with cherry-blossom viewing.","reading":"きのうははなみがてらうえのこうえんにいきました。","words":[{"text":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday","reading":"きのう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"花見","gloss":"cherry blossom viewing","reading":"はなみ"},{"text":"がてら","gloss":"while also"},{"text":"うえ","gloss":"Ueno"},{"text":"の","gloss":"Ueno"},{"text":"こうえん","gloss":"park"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"went","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"went"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"went"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp3.04.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp3.05","source":"昨日は 運動がてら 散歩に 行きました。","translation":"Yesterday I went for a walk to get some exercise.","reading":"きのうはうんどうがてらさんぽにいきました。","words":[{"text":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday","reading":"きのう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"運動","gloss":"exercise","reading":"うんどう"},{"text":"がてら","gloss":"while also"},{"text":"散歩","gloss":"a walk","reading":"さんぽ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"went","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"went"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"went"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp3.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"花見","gloss":"flower viewing, cherry-blossom viewing"},{"word":"こうえん","gloss":"park"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Inferring from appearances · Perception drill, Block 4","teaching":[{"title":"A conclusion from appearances","paragraphs":["*夏には 大ぜいの人が ここに 来る ようです* means \"It seems many people come here in summer.\"","*ようです* after the dictionary form presents the statement as an appearance or conclusion."]},{"title":"The time can change","paragraphs":["*今日は 雨が 降るようです* means \"It looks as though it will rain today.\"","The form before *ようです* can place the described situation in any tense."]}],"lines":[{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp4.01","source":"夏には 大ぜいの人が ここに 来る ようです。","translation":"It seems many people come here in summer.","reading":"なつにはおおぜいのひとがここにくるようです。","words":[{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大ぜい","gloss":"many","reading":"おおぜい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"many"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"come","reading":"くる"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp4.01.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp4.02","source":"今日は あついようです。","translation":"It seems hot today.","reading":"きょうはあついようです。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あつい","gloss":"hot"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp4.02.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp4.03","source":"あなたは かおが あかくて、 ねつが あるようです。","translation":"Your face is red, and it looks as though you have a fever.","reading":"あなたはかおがあかくて、ねつがあるようです。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かお","gloss":"face"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あかく","gloss":"red"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ねつ","gloss":"fever"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"have"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp4.03.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp4.04","source":"あの方は 日本語が 少し わかるようです。","translation":"That person seems to understand a little Japanese.","reading":"あのかたはにほんごがすこしわかるようです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"わかる","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp4.04.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp4.05","source":"今日は 雨が 降るようです。","translation":"It looks as though it will rain today.","reading":"きょうはあめがふるようです。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"will fall","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp4.05.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp4.06","source":"あの先生は 少し 耳が 遠いようです。","translation":"That teacher seems to be a little hard of hearing.","reading":"あのせんせいはすこしみみがとおいようです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"hearing","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"遠い","gloss":"hard of hearing","reading":"とおい"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp4.06.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp4.07","source":"この店は 少し 高いようです。","translation":"This store seems to be a little expensive.","reading":"このみせはすこしたかいようです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"店","gloss":"store","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp4.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"大ぜい","gloss":"crowd (of people)"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"あつい","gloss":"hot"},{"word":"かお","gloss":"face"},{"word":"ねつ","gloss":"fever"},{"word":"降る","gloss":"to fall (rain) (v.i.)"},{"word":"遠い","gloss":"far"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Suggesting something or someone · Perception drill, Block 5","teaching":[{"title":"One possible choice","paragraphs":["*すきやきでも 食べましょう* means \"Let's eat Sukiyaki or something.\"","*でも* after a noun suggests that choice or something else of the same kind."]},{"title":"People and places too","paragraphs":["*明日 おんせんへでも 行きましょう* means \"Let's go to a hot spring or somewhere tomorrow.\"","The same form can suggest a place, a person, or a surface as one acceptable choice."]}],"lines":[{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp5.01","source":"すきやきでも 食べましょう。","translation":"Let's eat Sukiyaki or something.","reading":"すきやきでもたべましょう。","words":[{"text":"すきやき","gloss":"sukiyaki"},{"text":"で","gloss":"or"},{"text":"も","gloss":"something"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp5.01.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp5.02","source":"今ばん かん字でも べんきょうしましょう。","translation":"Let's study some kanji or something tonight.","reading":"こんばんかんじでもべんきょうしましょう。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こん"},{"text":"ばん","gloss":"tonight"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"で","gloss":"or"},{"text":"も","gloss":"something"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp5.02.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp5.03","source":"夕はんに さかなでも 買いましょう。","translation":"Let's buy some fish or something for dinner.","reading":"ゆうはんにさかなでもかいましょう。","words":[{"text":"夕はん","gloss":"dinner","reading":"ゆうはん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"で","gloss":"or"},{"text":"も","gloss":"something"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp5.03.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp5.04","source":"明日 おんせんへでも 行きましょう。","translation":"Let's go to a hot spring or somewhere tomorrow.","reading":"あしたおんせんへでもいきましょう。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"おんせん","gloss":"hot spring"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"で","gloss":"or"},{"text":"も","gloss":"somewhere"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp5.04.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp5.05","source":"紙にでも 書いて 習いなさい。","translation":"Write it on some paper or something and practice it.","reading":"かみにでもかいてならいなさい。","words":[{"text":"紙","gloss":"paper","reading":"かみ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"で","gloss":"or"},{"text":"も","gloss":"something"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"習い","gloss":"practice","reading":"ならい"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp5.05.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L040.gp5.06","source":"スミスさんとでも 一しょに 行きなさい。","translation":"Go together with Mr. Smith or someone.","reading":"スミスさんとでもいっしょにいきなさい。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Mr. Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr. Smith"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"で","gloss":"or"},{"text":"も","gloss":"someone"},{"text":"一しょ","gloss":"together","reading":"いっしょ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"together"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.gp5.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"すきやき","gloss":"SUKIYAKI"},{"word":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"word":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"word":"おんせん","gloss":"hot spring"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Leaving to run errands · Pattern 1 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Errands with a return","paragraphs":["*私は 店へ 行って、 ビールを 買って 来ます* means \"I'll go to a store and buy some beer and be back.\"","The TE-form with *来ます*, as in *買って 来ます*, includes the return after the errand."]},{"title":"Many kinds of errands","paragraphs":["*先生を よんで 来ます* means \"I'll go get the teacher.\"","The errands also include collecting books, paying money, selling vegetables, and getting a haircut."]}],"lines":[{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt1.m1","source":"私は 店へ 行って、 ビールを 買って 来ます。","translation":"I'll go to a store and buy some beer.\" (and be back)","reading":"わたくしはみせへいって、ビールをかってきます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"店","gloss":"store","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ビール","gloss":"beer"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come back","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt1.01","source":"私は かみを かって もらいに 行って 来ます。","translation":"I'm going to go have my hair cut.","reading":"わたくしはかみをかってもらいにいってきます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かみ","gloss":"hair"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かっ","gloss":"cut"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"もらい","gloss":"have it done"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come back","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt1.02","source":"山田さんの 所へ 行って、 古本を もらって 来ます。","translation":"I'll go to Mr. Yamada's place and get some used books.","reading":"やまださんのところへいって、ふるほんをもらってきます。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"古本","gloss":"used books","reading":"ふるほん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もらっ","gloss":"receive"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come back","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt1.03","source":"お医者さんの 所へ 行って、 お金を はらって 来ます。","translation":"I'll go to the doctor's and pay the bill.","reading":"おいしゃさんのところへいって、おかねをはらってきます。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"doctor"},{"text":"医者","gloss":"doctor","reading":"いしゃ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"doctor"},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"お","gloss":"bill"},{"text":"金","gloss":"bill","reading":"かね"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はらっ","gloss":"pay"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come back","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt1.04","source":"先生を よんで 来ます。","translation":"I'll go get the teacher.","reading":"せんせいをよんできます。","words":[{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"よん","gloss":"call for"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come back","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt1.05","source":"この やさいを 町へ 持って 行って、 売って 来ます。","translation":"I'll take these vegetables to town and sell them.","reading":"このやさいをまちへもっていって、うってきます。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"these"},{"text":"やさい","gloss":"vegetables"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"take","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"売っ","gloss":"sell","reading":"うっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come back","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt1.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"かみ","gloss":"hair"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"},{"word":"古本","gloss":"secondhand book, used book"},{"word":"医者","gloss":"medical doctor"},{"word":"やさい","gloss":"vegetable"},{"word":"町","gloss":"town"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Fetching mail and postcards · Pattern 1 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A completed return","paragraphs":["*ええ、 今朝 買って 来ました* means \"Yes, I bought it this morning.\"","Past *来ました* places the buying and return in completed time."]},{"title":"Offers and requests","paragraphs":["*ゆうびんきょくへ 行って、 手紙を とって 来ましょうか* offers to go to the post office and get the mail.","*葉書を 三まい 買って 来て ください* requests three postcards while the person is there."]}],"lines":[{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt1.06","source":"牛肉を 買いましたか。","translation":"Did you buy the beef?","reading":"ぎゅうにくをかいましたか。","words":[{"text":"牛肉","gloss":"beef","reading":"ぎゅうにく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt1.07","source":"ええ、 今朝 買って 来ました。","translation":"Yes, I bought it this morning.","reading":"ええ、けさかってきました。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"今朝","gloss":"this morning","reading":"けさ"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come back","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt1.08","source":"どこへ 行くのですか。","translation":"Where are you going?","reading":"どこへいくのですか。","words":[{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt1.09","source":"ちょっと 先生の じむしょへ 行って 来ます。","translation":"I'm just going over to the teacher's office.","reading":"ちょっとせんせいのじむしょへいってきます。","words":[{"text":"ちょっと","gloss":"just"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"じ","gloss":"office"},{"text":"む","gloss":"office"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"office"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come back","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt1.10","source":"ゆうびんきょくへ 行って、 手紙を とって 来ましょうか。","translation":"Shall I go to the post office and get the mail?","reading":"ゆうびんきょくへいって、てがみをとってきましょうか。","words":[{"text":"ゆうびん","gloss":"post office"},{"text":"きょく","gloss":"post office"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"手紙","gloss":"mail","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"get"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come back","reading":"き"},{"text":"ましょう","gloss":"shall I"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt1.11","source":"ええ。 それから 葉書を 三まい 買って 来て ください。","translation":"Yes. And please buy three postcards while you are there.","reading":"ええ。それからはがきをさんまいかってきてください。","words":[{"text":"ええ。","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"and then"},{"text":"から","gloss":"and then"},{"text":"葉書","gloss":"postcards","reading":"はがき"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"まい","gloss":"flat things"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come back","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt1.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"牛肉","gloss":"beef"},{"word":"ちょっと","gloss":"a little"},{"word":"じ","gloss":"character, word"},{"word":"ましょう","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Activities lasting whole periods · Pattern 2 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A whole day outside","paragraphs":["*今日は 天気が よかったので、 一日中 外で 働きました* means \"I worked outside all day, because the weather was good.\"","*中*, as in *一日中*, makes the work extend throughout the day."]},{"title":"Hours, nights, and seasons","paragraphs":["*昨ばんは 一ばん中 あたまが いたくて 休めませんでした* means \"I had a headache all night last night and couldn't rest.\"","The same ending covers a whole hour, week, summer, or year."]}],"lines":[{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt2.m1","source":"今日は 天気が よかったので、 一日中 外で 働きました。","translation":"I worked outside all day, because the weather was good.","reading":"きょうはてんきがよかったので、いちにちじゅうそとではたらきました。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"good"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"一","gloss":"all day"},{"text":"日中","gloss":"all day"},{"text":"外","gloss":"outside"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"働き","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt2.01","source":"モンテレーは 一年中 あつくも さむくも ありません。","translation":"Monterey is neither hot nor cold all year long.","reading":"モンテレーはいちねんじゅうあつくもさむくもありません。","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一","gloss":"all year"},{"text":"年","gloss":"all year"},{"text":"中","gloss":"all year"},{"text":"あつく","gloss":"hot"},{"text":"も","gloss":"nor"},{"text":"さむく","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"も","gloss":"nor"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt2.02","source":"八時から 九時まで 一時間中 たっていました。","translation":"I stood for the whole hour from eight to nine.","reading":"はちじからくじまでいちじかんじゅうたっていました。","words":[{"text":"八","gloss":"eight","reading":"はち"},{"text":"時","gloss":"oclock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"九","gloss":"nine","reading":"く"},{"text":"時","gloss":"oclock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hour"},{"text":"中","gloss":"throughout"},{"text":"たっ","gloss":"was standing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was standing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was standing"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt2.03","source":"昨ばんは 一ばん中 あたまが いたくて 休めませんでした。","translation":"I had a headache all night last night and couldn't rest.","reading":"さくばんはひとばんじゅうあたまがいたくてやすめませんでした。","words":[{"text":"昨","gloss":"last night","reading":"さく"},{"text":"ばん","gloss":"last night"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一ばん","gloss":"all night"},{"text":"中","gloss":"throughout"},{"text":"あたま","gloss":"head"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いたく","gloss":"hurt"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"休め","gloss":"rest","reading":"やすめ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt2.04","source":"今年は 夏中 雨が 降りませんでした。","translation":"It didn't rain at all this summer.","reading":"ことしはなつじゅうあめがふりませんでした。","words":[{"text":"今年","gloss":"this year","reading":"ことし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer"},{"text":"中","gloss":"throughout"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"fall","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt2.05","source":"一週間中 雨が 降りました。","translation":"It rained all week.","reading":"いっしゅうかんじゅうあめがふりました。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"all week"},{"text":"週間","gloss":"all week"},{"text":"中","gloss":"all week"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"fall","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt2.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"word":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"word":"九","gloss":"nine"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"あたま","gloss":"head"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Seasons and all-day absences · Pattern 2 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Almost all year","paragraphs":["*ええ、 モンテレーでは、 ほとんど 一年中 さきます* means \"Yes, in Monterey it blooms almost all year long.\"","*ほとんど 一年中* limits the span to almost the whole year."]},{"title":"Spring and one day","paragraphs":["*春中 午後には かぜが 出ます* says that the afternoon wind comes throughout spring.","*昨日は 一日中 家に 居ませんでしたね* places the absence across the whole previous day."]}],"lines":[{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt2.06","source":"この 花は 一年中 さきますか。","translation":"Does this flower bloom all year long?","reading":"このはなはいちねんじゅうさきますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"花","gloss":"flower","reading":"はな"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一","gloss":"all year"},{"text":"年","gloss":"all year"},{"text":"中","gloss":"all year"},{"text":"さき","gloss":"bloom"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt2.07","source":"ええ、 モンテレーでは、 ほとんど 一年中 さきます。","translation":"Yes, in Monterey it blooms almost all year long.","reading":"ええ、モンテレーでは、ほとんどいちねんじゅうさきます。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ほとんど","gloss":"almost"},{"text":"一","gloss":"all year"},{"text":"年","gloss":"all year"},{"text":"中","gloss":"all year"},{"text":"さき","gloss":"bloom"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt2.07.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt2.08","source":"ここは 午後になると、 かぜが ふきますね。","translation":"The wind starts blowing here in the afternoon, does it not?","reading":"ここはごごになると、かぜがふきますね。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"午後","gloss":"afternoon","reading":"ごご"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"becomes"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"wind"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ふき","gloss":"blow"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt2.09","source":"ええ、 春中 午後には かぜが 出ます。","translation":"Yes, the wind comes up in the afternoon throughout the spring.","reading":"ええ、はるじゅうごごにはかぜがでます。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"春","gloss":"spring"},{"text":"中","gloss":"throughout"},{"text":"午後","gloss":"afternoon"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"wind"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出","gloss":"comes up","reading":"で"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt2.10","source":"昨日は 一日中 家に 居ませんでしたね。","translation":"You weren't home all day yesterday, were you?","reading":"きのうはいちにちじゅういえにいませんでしたね。","words":[{"text":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday","reading":"きのう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一","gloss":"all day"},{"text":"日中","gloss":"all day"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"居","gloss":"be","reading":"い"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt2.11","source":"ええ、 サンフランシスコに 行っていたのです。","translation":"No, I had gone to San Francisco.","reading":"ええ、サンフランシスコにいっていたのです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"had gone","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"had gone"},{"text":"い","gloss":"had gone"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt2.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ほとんど","gloss":"almost (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"午後","gloss":"p.m., afternoon"},{"word":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Exercise alongside other activities · Pattern 3 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Exercise with an outing","paragraphs":["*今日は 運動がてら 散歩に 出かけました* means \"I went out for a stroll today, partly for exercise.\"","*がてら*, as in *運動がてら*, makes exercise the purpose accompanying the stroll."]},{"title":"The paired activity changes","paragraphs":["*散歩がてら 歩いて 買物に 行きました* means \"I walked to do some shopping while out for a stroll.\"","The lines pair exercise with fishing or golf, and play with study."]}],"lines":[{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt3.m1","source":"今日は 運動がてら 散歩に 出かけました。","translation":"I went out for a stroll today, partly for exercise.","reading":"きょうはうんどうがてらさんぽにでかけました。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"運動","gloss":"exercise","reading":"うんどう"},{"text":"がてら","gloss":"while doing"},{"text":"散歩","gloss":"stroll","reading":"さんぽ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"出かけ","gloss":"go out","reading":"でかけ"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt3.m1.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt3.01","source":"私は 昨日 運動がてら つりに 行きました。","translation":"Yesterday I went fishing to get some exercise.","reading":"わたくしはきのううんどうがてらつりにいきました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday","reading":"きのう"},{"text":"運動","gloss":"exercise","reading":"うんどう"},{"text":"がてら","gloss":"while doing"},{"text":"つり","gloss":"fishing"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt3.01.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt3.02","source":"散歩がてら 歩いて 買物に 行きました。","translation":"I walked to do some shopping while out for a stroll.","reading":"さんぽがてらあるいてかいものにいきました。","words":[{"text":"散歩","gloss":"stroll","reading":"さんぽ"},{"text":"がてら","gloss":"while doing"},{"text":"歩い","gloss":"walk","reading":"あるい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"買物","gloss":"shopping","reading":"かいもの"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt3.02.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt3.03","source":"あそびがてら べんきょうすると、 よく 習えません。","translation":"If you study while playing around, you won't learn very well.","reading":"あそびがてらべんきょうすると、よくならえません。","words":[{"text":"あそび","gloss":"playing around"},{"text":"がてら","gloss":"while doing"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"習え","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならえ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt3.03.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt3.04","source":"私は 運動がてら ゴルフを やります。","translation":"I play golf to get some exercise.","reading":"わたくしはうんどうがてらゴルフをやります。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"運動","gloss":"exercise","reading":"うんどう"},{"text":"がてら","gloss":"while doing"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やり","gloss":"play"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt3.04.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt3.05","source":"あなたは ゴルフが 上手だそうですね。","translation":"I hear you're good at golf.","reading":"あなたはゴルフがじょうずだそうですね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good at","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"are"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt3.05.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt3.06","source":"いいえ、 運動がてら やるのですから、 上手では ありません。","translation":"No, I only play for exercise, so I'm not good at it.","reading":"いいえ、うんどうがてらやるのですから、じょうずではありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"運動","gloss":"exercise","reading":"うんどう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"while doing"},{"text":"てら","gloss":"while doing"},{"text":"やる","gloss":"play"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good at","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt3.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"つり","gloss":"fishing"},{"word":"買物","gloss":"shopping"},{"word":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"word":"上手","gloss":"skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Visiting while out walking · Pattern 3 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A visit during a walk","paragraphs":["*散歩がてら この 近くまで 来たので、 ちょっと あなたの 所へ 来たのです* means \"I came near here while out for a walk, so I stopped by your place.\"","*散歩がてら* names the walk as the occasion for coming nearby and stopping at the friend's place."]},{"title":"An outing for blossoms","paragraphs":["*花見がてら、 うえの こうえんに 行ったのです* means \"I went to Ueno Park to see the cherry blossoms while I was out.\"","The activity before *がてら* supplies the purpose or occasion for the park trip."]}],"lines":[{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt3.07","source":"やあ、 パーカーさん、 よく いらっしゃいました。","translation":"Oh, Mr. Parker, I'm glad you came.","reading":"やあ、パーカーさん、よくいらっしゃいました。","words":[{"text":"やあ、","gloss":"oh"},{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん、","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"よく","gloss":"gladly"},{"text":"いらっしゃい","gloss":"came"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt3.07.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt3.08","source":"散歩がてら この 近くまで 来たので、 ちょっと あなたの 所へ 来たのです。","translation":"I came near here while out for a walk, so I stopped by your place.","reading":"さんぽがてらこのちかくまできたので、ちょっとあなたのところへきたのです。","words":[{"text":"散歩","gloss":"stroll","reading":"さんぽ"},{"text":"がてら","gloss":"while doing"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"近く","gloss":"vicinity","reading":"ちかく"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"as far as"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ちょっと","gloss":"briefly"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt3.08.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt3.09","source":"昨日 家に 居ませんでしたね。","translation":"You weren't home yesterday, were you?","reading":"きのういえにいませんでしたね。","words":[{"text":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday","reading":"きのう"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"居","gloss":"be","reading":"い"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt3.09.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt3.10","source":"ええ、 花見がてら、 うえの こうえんに 行ったのです。","translation":"No, I went to Ueno Park to see the cherry blossoms while I was out.","reading":"ええ、はなみがてら、うえのこうえんにいったのです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"花見","gloss":"cherry blossom viewing","reading":"はなみ"},{"text":"がてら、","gloss":"while doing"},{"text":"うえ","gloss":"Ueno"},{"text":"の","gloss":"Ueno"},{"text":"こうえん","gloss":"park"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt3.10.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt3.11","source":"散歩がてら","translation":"While out for a walk.","reading":"さんぽがてら","words":[{"text":"散歩","gloss":"a walk","reading":"さんぽ"},{"text":"がてら","gloss":"while out"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt3.11.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt3.12","source":"あそびがてら","translation":"While out for pleasure.","reading":"あそびがてら","words":[{"text":"あそび","gloss":"pleasure"},{"text":"がてら","gloss":"while out"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt3.12.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt3.13","source":"運動がてら","translation":"For exercise.","reading":"うんどうがてら","words":[{"text":"運動","gloss":"exercise","reading":"うんどう"},{"text":"がてら","gloss":"for exercise"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt3.13.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"近く","gloss":"vicinity"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Drawing conclusions from appearances · Pattern 4 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Plans and qualities that seem true","paragraphs":["*あの方も サンフランシスコへ 行く ようです* means \"It looks like he is going to San Francisco, too.\"","*ようです*, as in *行く ようです*, presents the plan as a conclusion from appearances."]},{"title":"Completed events that seem true","paragraphs":["*学校は もう おわったようです* means that school seems to be over.","The form before *ようです* also describes ongoing actions, future weather, and apparent qualities."]}],"lines":[{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt4.01","source":"あの方も サンフランシスコへ 行く ようです。","translation":"It looks like he is going to San Francisco, too.","reading":"あのかたもサンフランシスコへいくようです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt4.01.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt4.02","source":"この かんづめは 少し 古い ようです。","translation":"It looks like this canned food is a little old.","reading":"このかんづめはすこしふるいようです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"かんづめ","gloss":"canned food"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"古い","gloss":"old","reading":"ふるい"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt4.02.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt4.03","source":"この かん字は ちがうようです。","translation":"This kanji seems to be wrong.","reading":"このかんじはちがうようです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ちがう","gloss":"wrong"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt4.03.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt4.04","source":"今ばん頃 雨に なるようです。","translation":"It looks as though it will rain around this evening.","reading":"こんばんごろあめになるようです。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"this evening","reading":"こん"},{"text":"ばん","gloss":"this evening"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around","reading":"ごろ"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt4.04.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt4.05","source":"あの方は まだ おきているようです。","translation":"That person seems to still be awake.","reading":"あのかたはまだおきているようです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"awake"},{"text":"て","gloss":"awake"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"awake"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt4.05.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt4.06","source":"学校は もう おわったようです。","translation":"It seems that school is already over.","reading":"がっこうはもうおわったようです。","words":[{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"おわっ","gloss":"end"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt4.06.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt4.07","source":"この川は あさいようです。","translation":"This river seems shallow.","reading":"このかわはあさいようです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"川","gloss":"river","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あさい","gloss":"shallow"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt4.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"かんづめ","gloss":"canned goods"},{"word":"古い","gloss":"old, antique"},{"word":"ちがう","gloss":"to be wrong, to be different (v.i.)"},{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"川","gloss":"river"},{"word":"あさい","gloss":"shallow"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Inferring health and recent changes · Pattern 4 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A conclusion about practice","paragraphs":["*ええ。 ずい分 れんしゅうしたようです* means \"Yes. It seems that he has practiced quite a lot.\"","Past *れんしゅうした* before *ようです* presents practice as the inferred cause of improvement."]},{"title":"Signs of illness and change","paragraphs":["*かぜを ひいたようです* means \"It seems I've caught a cold.\"","*ふとったようですね* presents weight gain as a recent change inferred by the speaker."]}],"lines":[{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt4.08","source":"山本さんは この頃 ずい分 いそがしいようです。","translation":"Mr. Yamamoto seems to be very busy these days.","reading":"やまもとさんはこのごろずいぶんいそがしいようです。","words":[{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"these days","reading":"ごろ"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"very","reading":"ずいぶん"},{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt4.08.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt4.09","source":"あの生徒の 日本語の はっおんは、 よくなりましたね。","translation":"That student's Japanese pronunciation has improved, hasn't it?","reading":"あのせいとのにほんごのはっおんは、よくなりましたね。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"はっ","gloss":"pronunciation"},{"text":"おん","gloss":"pronunciation"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"better"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt4.09.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt4.10","source":"ええ。 ずい分 れんしゅうしたようです。","translation":"Yes. It seems that he has practiced quite a lot.","reading":"ええ。ずいぶんれんしゅうしたようです。","words":[{"text":"ええ。","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"quite a lot"},{"text":"れんしゅう","gloss":"practice"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt4.10.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt4.11","source":"あなたは 今日 かおの いろが わるいですね。","translation":"You look a little pale today.","reading":"あなたはきょうかおのいろがわるいですね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"か","gloss":"face"},{"text":"お","gloss":"face"},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"いろ","gloss":"color"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"わるい","gloss":"bad"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt4.11.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt4.12","source":"ええ。 かぜを ひいたようです。 少し ずつうが します。","translation":"Yes. It seems I've caught a cold. I have a slight headache.","reading":"ええ。かぜをひいたようです。すこしずつうがします。","words":[{"text":"ええ。","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ひい","gloss":"catch"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"slight","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"ずつ","gloss":"headache"},{"text":"う","gloss":"headache"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"し","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt4.12.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt4.13","source":"あなたは この頃 少し ふとったようですね。","translation":"You seem to have gained a little weight lately, haven't you?","reading":"あなたはこのごろすこしふとったようですね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この頃","gloss":"lately","reading":"このごろ"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"ふとっ","gloss":"gain weight"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt4.13.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt4.14","source":"ええ、 少し ふとりましたよ。","translation":"Yes, I've gained a little weight.","reading":"ええ、すこしふとりましたよ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"ふとり","gloss":"gain weight"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt4.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"word":"ええ。","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"れんしゅう","gloss":"practice, drill"},{"word":"いろ","gloss":"color"},{"word":"わるい","gloss":"bad"},{"word":"ずつ","gloss":"each (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"この頃","gloss":"these days, nowadays"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Suggesting casual alternatives · Pattern 5 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A casual choice","paragraphs":["*ビールでも 飲みましょう* means \"Let's drink beer or something.\"","*でも*, as in *ビールでも*, offers beer as one acceptable choice among similar alternatives."]},{"title":"Items, people, and transport","paragraphs":["*バスにでも のって 行きなさい* means \"Take a bus or something to get there.\"","The suggested alternative can also be food, a person, or a study activity."]}],"lines":[{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt5.m1","source":"ビールでも 飲みましょう。","translation":"Let's drink beer or something.","reading":"ビールでものみましょう。","words":[{"text":"ビール","gloss":"beer"},{"text":"で","gloss":"or something"},{"text":"も","gloss":"or something"},{"text":"飲み","gloss":"let us drink","reading":"のみ"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"let us drink"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt5.m1.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt5.01","source":"今ばん さかなでも 食べましょう。","translation":"Let's have some fish or something tonight.","reading":"こんばんさかなでもたべましょう。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こん"},{"text":"ばん","gloss":"tonight"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"で","gloss":"or something"},{"text":"も","gloss":"or something"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"let us eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"let us eat"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt5.01.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt5.02","source":"果物屋で りんごでも 買いましょう。","translation":"Let's buy some apples or something at the fruit store.","reading":"くだものやでりんごでもかいましょう。","words":[{"text":"果物","gloss":"fruit store","reading":"くだもの"},{"text":"屋","gloss":"fruit store","reading":"や"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"りんご","gloss":"apples"},{"text":"で","gloss":"or something"},{"text":"も","gloss":"or something"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"let us buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"let us buy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt5.02.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt5.03","source":"今から かん字でも ふくしゅうしましょう。","translation":"Let's review some kanji or something now.","reading":"いまからかんじでもふくしゅうしましょう。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"で","gloss":"or something"},{"text":"も","gloss":"or something"},{"text":"ふくしゅう","gloss":"review"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"let us"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt5.03.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt5.04","source":"山田さんにでも つれて 行ってもらいなさい。","translation":"Have Mr. Yamada or someone take you there.","reading":"やまださんにでもつれていってもらいなさい。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"で","gloss":"or someone"},{"text":"も","gloss":"or someone"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"take there","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take there"},{"text":"もらい","gloss":"have someone do"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"please do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt5.04.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt5.05","source":"バスにでも のって 行きなさい。","translation":"Take a bus or something to get there.","reading":"バスにでものっていきなさい。","words":[{"text":"バス","gloss":"bus"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"で","gloss":"or something"},{"text":"も","gloss":"or something"},{"text":"のっ","gloss":"ride"},{"text":"て","gloss":"ride"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go there","reading":"いき"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"please do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt5.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"果物","gloss":"fruit"},{"word":"りんご","gloss":"apple"},{"word":"ふくしゅう","gloss":"review"},{"word":"バス","gloss":"bus"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Choosing an informal alternative · Pattern 5 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A postcard as an alternative","paragraphs":["*葉書でも 出します* means \"I'll send a postcard or something.\"","The lack of time for a letter makes the postcard the informal alternative marked by *でも*."]},{"title":"A destination during a walk","paragraphs":["*散歩がてら 海の方へでも 行きましょうよ* suggests going toward the sea while out walking.","*散歩がてら* supplies the occasion. *海の方へでも* offers the direction as one possible destination."]}],"lines":[{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt5.06","source":"田中さんに 手紙を 出しましたか。","translation":"Did you send Mr. Tanaka a letter?","reading":"たなかさんにてがみをだしましたか。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letter","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出し","gloss":"send","reading":"だし"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt5.06.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt5.07","source":"いいえ、 いそがしくて 手紙を 書く 時間が ありませんから、 葉書でも 出します。","translation":"No, I'm busy and don't have time to write a letter, so I'll send a postcard or something.","reading":"いいえ、いそがしくててがみをかくじかんがありませんから、はがきでもだします。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"いそがしく","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letter","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書く","gloss":"write","reading":"かく"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"time","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"葉書","gloss":"postcard","reading":"はがき"},{"text":"で","gloss":"or something"},{"text":"も","gloss":"or something"},{"text":"出し","gloss":"send","reading":"だし"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt5.07.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt5.08","source":"散歩がてら 海の方へでも 行きましょうよ。","translation":"Let's go toward the sea or somewhere while we're out for a walk.","reading":"さんぽがてらうみのほうへでもいきましょうよ。","words":[{"text":"散歩","gloss":"walk","reading":"さんぽ"},{"text":"がてら","gloss":"while out"},{"text":"海","gloss":"sea","reading":"うみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"direction","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"で","gloss":"or somewhere"},{"text":"も","gloss":"or somewhere"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"let us go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ましょう","gloss":"let us go"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt5.08.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt5.09","source":"ええ、 天気は いいし、 そうしましょう。","translation":"Yes, the weather is nice, so let's do that.","reading":"ええ、てんきはいいし、そうしましょう。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"that"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"let us"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt5.09.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt5.10","source":"今ばん どうしますか。","translation":"What shall we do tonight?","reading":"こんばんどうしますか。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こん"},{"text":"ばん","gloss":"tonight"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt5.10.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L040.pt5.11","source":"すきやきでも 食べに 行きましょうよ。","translation":"Let's go out for sukiyaki or something.","reading":"すきやきでもたべにいきましょうよ。","words":[{"text":"すきやき","gloss":"sukiyaki"},{"text":"で","gloss":"or something"},{"text":"も","gloss":"or something"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ましょう","gloss":"let us"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.pt5.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"海","gloss":"sea, ocean"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Weekend gardening weather · Reading Selection 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"A clear day for garden work","paragraphs":["*昨ばんは かぜが ひどく ふいていましたが、 今朝から* begins a change from last night's strong wind to fine morning weather.","The sky is clear, and working outside is warm enough to cause a little sweat."]},{"title":"Garden work all year","paragraphs":["*週まつ には 大てい 一年中 にわに 出て 仕事を します* says the narrator usually works in the garden on weekends all year.","*中*, as in *一年中*, extends the weekend habit throughout the year."]},{"title":"Kanji: 仕","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.001","source":"昨ばんは かぜが ひどく ふいていましたが、 今朝から","translation":"The wind was blowing hard last night, but since this morning","reading":"さくばんはかぜがひどくふいていましたが、けさから","words":[{"text":"昨","gloss":"last night","reading":"さく"},{"text":"ばん","gloss":"last night"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"wind"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ひどく","gloss":"hard"},{"text":"ふい","gloss":"was blowing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was blowing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was blowing"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was blowing"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was blowing"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"今朝","gloss":"this morning","reading":"けさ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"since"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.002","source":"よい お天気に なりました。","translation":"the weather has become fine.","reading":"よいおてんきになりました。","words":[{"text":"よい","gloss":"fine"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.003","source":"空は よく 晴れていて、 雲は なく","translation":"The sky is very clear, and there are no clouds,","reading":"そらはよくはれていて、くもはなく","words":[{"text":"空","gloss":"sky","reading":"そら"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"very"},{"text":"晴れ","gloss":"is clear","reading":"はれ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is clear"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is clear"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"is clear"},{"text":"雲","gloss":"clouds","reading":"くも"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"none"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.004","source":"外で 働いていると、 少し あせが 出る くらいです。","translation":"and when you work outside, it is warm enough to make you sweat a little.","reading":"そとではたらいていると、すこしあせがでるくらいです。","words":[{"text":"外","gloss":"outside","reading":"そと"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"働い","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"work"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"work"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"あせ","gloss":"sweat"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出る","gloss":"comes out","reading":"でる"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"enough to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.005","source":"私は 週まつ","translation":"On weekends, I","reading":"わたくしはしゅうまつ","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"週","gloss":"weekend","reading":"しゅう"},{"text":"まつ","gloss":"weekend"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.006","source":"には 大てい 一年中 にわに 出て 仕事を します。","translation":"usually go out and work in the garden all year round.","reading":"にはたいていいちねんじゅうにわにでてしごとをします。","words":[{"text":"に","gloss":"on weekends"},{"text":"は","gloss":"on weekends"},{"text":"大てい","gloss":"usually"},{"text":"一","gloss":"all year round"},{"text":"年","gloss":"all year round"},{"text":"中","gloss":"all year round"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in the garden"},{"text":"わに","gloss":"in the garden"},{"text":"出","gloss":"go out","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go out"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.007","source":"外の 日には","translation":"On the other days,","reading":"そとのひには","words":[{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"そと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"あせ","gloss":"sweat, perspiration"},{"word":"くらい","gloss":"dark"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Spring garden chores · Reading Selection 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Outside work for exercise","paragraphs":["*週まつには 運動がてら 外に 出て 働くのです* explains why an office worker goes outside on weekends.","*がてら*, as in *運動がてら*, makes exercise one purpose of the outside work."]},{"title":"More work as spring warms","paragraphs":["*にわの 手入れで いそがしく なります* means the narrator will become busy caring for the garden.","Weeds grow, and trees and flowers need planting, so one person cannot complete all the work."]}],"lines":[{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.008","source":"毎日 じむしょで 仕事を するのですから 週まつには 運動がてら","translation":"because I work in an office every day, on weekends, for exercise,","reading":"まいにちじむしょでしごとをするのですからしゅうまつにはうんどうがてら","words":[{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"じ","gloss":"office"},{"text":"む","gloss":"office"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"office"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"週","gloss":"weekend","reading":"しゅう"},{"text":"まつ","gloss":"weekend"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"運動","gloss":"exercise","reading":"うんどう"},{"text":"がてら","gloss":"while getting"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.009","source":"外に 出て 働くのです。","translation":"I go outside and work.","reading":"そとにでてはたらくのです。","words":[{"text":"外","gloss":"outside","reading":"そと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"出","gloss":"go out","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go out"},{"text":"働く","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.010","source":"これからは 毎日 あったかく なって 来ます","translation":"From now on it will get warmer every day,","reading":"これからはまいにちあったかくなってきます","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"now"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"あったかく","gloss":"warmer"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"become"},{"text":"来","gloss":"will get","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"will get"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.011","source":"から、 にわの 手入れで いそがしく なります。","translation":"so I will become busy caring for the garden.","reading":"から、にわのていれでいそがしくなります。","words":[{"text":"から、","gloss":"so"},{"text":"にわ","gloss":"garden"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"手入れ","gloss":"care","reading":"ていれ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"いそがしく","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.012","source":"草は はえるし、","translation":"The weeds grow,","reading":"くさははえるし、","words":[{"text":"草","gloss":"weeds","reading":"くさ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"はえる","gloss":"grow"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.012.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.013","source":"木や 花も うえなければ ならないし するので 一人では 出来ない","translation":"and I have to plant trees and flowers too, so I cannot do it alone.","reading":"きやはなもうえなければならないしするのでひとりではできない","words":[{"text":"木","gloss":"trees","reading":"き"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"花","gloss":"flowers","reading":"はな"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"うえ","gloss":"plant"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must plant"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must plant"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"must plant"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"must plant"},{"text":"し","gloss":"and"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"because"},{"text":"一人","gloss":"alone","reading":"ひとり"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can do","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.013.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.014","source":"今日 私が 外で 働いていると、 ネルソンさんが あそびに","translation":"Today, while I was working outside, Mr. Nelson came","reading":"きょうわたくしがそとではたらいていると、ネルソンさんがあそびに","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"外","gloss":"outside","reading":"そと"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"働い","gloss":"was working","reading":"はたらい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was working"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"was working"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"while"},{"text":"ネルソン","gloss":"Nelson"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"visit"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.014.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"木","gloss":"tree, wood"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"一人","gloss":"one person"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"A helpful visiting friend · Reading Selection 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"A friend who studies Japan","paragraphs":["*ネルソンさんは、 米国りく軍の ちゅうさで、 今日本の事に ついて いろ〱 べんきょうしている そうです* introduces Nelson and his studies.","He is a United States Army lieutenant colonel. The narrator hears that he studies various things about Japan."]},{"title":"A visitor who helps","paragraphs":["*私の 仕事も 時々 手つだって くれます* means \"He also helps me with my work sometimes.\"","Nelson is a good friend who often visits and sometimes helps the narrator."]}],"lines":[{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.015","source":"来ました。","translation":"to visit.","reading":"きました。","words":[{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.015.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.016","source":"ネルソンさんは、 米国りく軍の ちゅうさで、 今日本の事に","translation":"Mr. Nelson is a lieutenant colonel in the United States Army, and I hear that he is now","reading":"ネルソンさんは、べいこくりくぐんのちゅうさで、いまにほんのことに","words":[{"text":"ネルソン","gloss":"Nelson"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"りく","gloss":"Army"},{"text":"軍","gloss":"Army","reading":"ぐん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ちゅう","gloss":"lieutenant colonel"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"lieutenant colonel"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"things","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"about"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.016.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.017","source":"ついて いろ〱 べんきょうしている そうです。","translation":"studying various things about Japan.","reading":"ついていろ〱べんきょうしているそうです。","words":[{"text":"つい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"て","gloss":"about"},{"text":"いろ","gloss":"various things"},{"text":"〱","gloss":"various things"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"studying"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"studying"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.017.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.018","source":"私の よい 友だちで、","translation":"He is a good friend of mine,","reading":"わたくしのよいともだちで、","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"友だち","gloss":"friend","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.018.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.019","source":"たび〱 あそびに 来ます。","translation":"and often comes to visit.","reading":"たびたびあそびにきます。","words":[{"text":"たび","gloss":"often"},{"text":"〱","gloss":"often"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"visit"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.019.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.020","source":"私の 仕事も 時々 手つだって くれます。","translation":"He also helps me with my work sometimes.","reading":"わたくしのしごともときどきてつだってくれます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"手つだっ","gloss":"helps me","reading":"てつだっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"helps me"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.020.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.021","source":"私は 朝十時頃から 働いていたので、 のどが少し","translation":"I had been working since around ten in the morning, so I was a little","reading":"わたくしはあさじゅうじごろからはたらいていたので、のどがすこし","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning"},{"text":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"から","gloss":"since"},{"text":"働い","gloss":"had been working","reading":"はたらい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"had been working"},{"text":"い","gloss":"had been working"},{"text":"た","gloss":"had been working"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"のど","gloss":"throat"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.021.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は、","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"時々","gloss":"sometimes, occasionally"},{"word":"朝","gloss":"morning"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Tea with a friend · Reading Selection 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"No beer at home","paragraphs":["*ビールを 飲みたかったが、 家には ビールが ありません でした* means the narrator wanted beer, but there was none at home.","The narrator is thirsty after working since about ten in the morning."]},{"title":"Tea and conversation","paragraphs":["*買って 来たくも ないし お茶を 飲んで、 三十分 ぐらい ネルソンさんと 話しました* ends the account.","The narrator does not want to go buy beer and return, so he drinks tea and talks with Nelson for about thirty minutes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 茶","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.022","source":"かわいていました。","translation":"thirsty.","reading":"かわいていました。","words":[{"text":"かわい","gloss":"was thirsty"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was thirsty"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was thirsty"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was thirsty"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was thirsty"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.022.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.023","source":"ビールを 飲みたかったが、 家には ビールが ありません","translation":"I wanted to drink some beer, but there was no beer at home.","reading":"ビールをのみたかったが、いえにはビールがありません","words":[{"text":"ビール","gloss":"beer"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"飲み","gloss":"drink","reading":"のみ"},{"text":"たかっ","gloss":"wanted to"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ビール","gloss":"beer"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.023.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.024","source":"でした。","translation":"There wasn't any.","reading":"でした。","words":[{"text":"でし","gloss":"was not"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.024.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.025","source":"しかし、 買って 来たくも ないし お茶を 飲んで、 三十分 ぐらい","translation":"However, I did not want to go buy any either, so I drank tea and for about thirty minutes","reading":"しかし、かってきたくもないしおちゃをのんで、さんじゅっぷんぐらい","words":[{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"buy"},{"text":"来","gloss":"go get","reading":"き"},{"text":"たく","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"し","gloss":"and"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"茶","gloss":"tea","reading":"ちゃ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"飲ん","gloss":"drank","reading":"のん"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"drank"},{"text":"三十","gloss":"thirty"},{"text":"分","gloss":"minutes"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.025.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L040.rd.026","source":"ネルソンさんと 話しました。","translation":"talked with Mr. Nelson.","reading":"ネルソンさんとはなしました。","words":[{"text":"ネルソン","gloss":"Nelson"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"talk","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.rd.026.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"しかし、","gloss":"however, but"},{"word":"三十","gloss":"30"},{"word":"分","gloss":"minute"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Weather and garden questions · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Weather and garden work","paragraphs":["*私は 週末には 大抵 どうしますか* means \"What do I usually do on weekends?\"","An answer gives the narrator's usual weekend activity from the reading. Other answers identify the weather, garden chores, and reason for working outside."]}],"lines":[{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L040.q.001","source":"ぐらいです。","translation":"It is about that much.","reading":"ぐらいです。","words":[{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about that much"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.q.001.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L040.q.002","source":"今日は どんな お天気ですか。","translation":"What is the weather like today?","reading":"きょうはどんなおてんきですか。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.q.002.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L040.q.003","source":"今日は なぜ 外で 働くのには いい 日ですか。","translation":"Why is today a good day to work outside?","reading":"きょうはなぜそとではたらくのにはいいひですか。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"外","gloss":"outside","reading":"そと"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"働く","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"for"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.q.003.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L040.q.004","source":"昨ばんは ひどく かぜが ふいて、 ほこりが たちましたか。","translation":"Did the wind blow hard and stir up dust last night?","reading":"さくばんはひどくかぜがふいて、ほこりがたちましたか。","words":[{"text":"昨","gloss":"last night","reading":"さく"},{"text":"ばん","gloss":"last night"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ひどく","gloss":"hard"},{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"wind"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ふい","gloss":"blew"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"blew"},{"text":"ほこり","gloss":"dust"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"rose"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.q.004.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L040.q.005","source":"私は 週末には 大抵 どうしますか。","translation":"What do I usually do on weekends?","reading":"わたくしはしゅうまつにはたいていどうしますか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"週末","gloss":"weekends","reading":"しゅうまつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.q.005.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"ja.dli.L040.q.006","source":"なぜ 私は 外で 働きたいのですか。","translation":"Why do I want to work outside?","reading":"なぜわたくしはそとではたらきたいのですか。","words":[{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"外","gloss":"outside","reading":"そと"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"働き","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらき"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.q.006.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"ja.dli.L040.q.007","source":"あったかくなると、 にわの 仕事が 多くなりますか。","translation":"When it gets warm, is there more garden work to do?","reading":"あったかくなると、にわのしごとがおおくなりますか。","words":[{"text":"あったかく","gloss":"warm"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"becomes"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"にわ","gloss":"garden"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"more","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.q.007.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"ja.dli.L040.q.008","source":"どんな 仕事が ありますか。","translation":"What kind of work is there to do?","reading":"どんなしごとがありますか。","words":[{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.q.008.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"なぜ","gloss":"why?"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Questions about a visitor · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The visitor and the drink","paragraphs":["*ビールを 買って 来ましたか* means \"Did I go and buy some beer?\"","An answer states whether the trip happened. Other answers identify Nelson, the narrator's thirst, and what the two friends drank."]}],"lines":[{"number":158,"id":"ja.dli.L040.q.009","source":"私が 外で 働いている 時、 だれが 来ましたか。","translation":"Who came while I was working outside?","reading":"わたくしがそとではたらいているとき、だれがきましたか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"外","gloss":"outside","reading":"そと"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"働い","gloss":"was working","reading":"はたらい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was working"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"was working"},{"text":"時、","gloss":"while","reading":"とき"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.q.009.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"ja.dli.L040.q.010","source":"ネルソンさんは どんな 人ですか。","translation":"What kind of person is Mr. Nelson?","reading":"ネルソンさんはどんなひとですか。","words":[{"text":"ネルソン","gloss":"Nelson"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.q.010.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"ja.dli.L040.q.011","source":"ネルソンさんは 私の 家へ あそびに 来て どうしますか。","translation":"What does Mr. Nelson do when he comes to visit me at my house?","reading":"ネルソンさんはわたくしのいえへあそびにきてどうしますか。","words":[{"text":"ネルソン","gloss":"Nelson"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"visit"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"comes","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"comes"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.q.011.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"ja.dli.L040.q.012","source":"私は 今朝 何時頃から にわで 働いていますか。","translation":"About what time did I start working in the garden this morning?","reading":"わたくしはけさなんじごろからにわではたらいていますか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今朝","gloss":"this morning","reading":"けさ"},{"text":"何時頃","gloss":"about what time","reading":"なんじごろ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"にわ","gloss":"garden"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"働い","gloss":"working","reading":"はたらい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"working"},{"text":"い","gloss":"working"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.q.012.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"ja.dli.L040.q.013","source":"ネルソン ちゅうさが 来た 時、 私は 少し のどが かわいていましたか。","translation":"Was I a little thirsty when Lieutenant Colonel Nelson came?","reading":"ネルソンちゅうさがきたとき、わたくしはすこしのどがかわいていましたか。","words":[{"text":"ネルソン","gloss":"Nelson"},{"text":"ちゅう","gloss":"Lieutenant Colonel"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"Lieutenant Colonel"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"時、","gloss":"when","reading":"とき"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"のど","gloss":"throat"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"かわい","gloss":"was thirsty"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was thirsty"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was thirsty"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.q.013.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"ja.dli.L040.q.014","source":"私の 家には ビールが ありましたか。","translation":"Was there any beer at my house?","reading":"わたくしのいえにはビールがありましたか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ビール","gloss":"beer"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"was there"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.q.014.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"ja.dli.L040.q.015","source":"ビールを 買って 来ましたか。","translation":"Did I go and buy some beer?","reading":"ビールをかってきましたか。","words":[{"text":"ビール","gloss":"beer"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come back","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.q.015.m4a"},{"number":165,"id":"ja.dli.L040.q.016","source":"二人は 何を 飲みましたか。","translation":"What did the two of them drink?","reading":"ふたりはなにをのみましたか。","words":[{"text":"二人","gloss":"the two","reading":"ふたり"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"飲み","gloss":"drink","reading":"のみ"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.q.016.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"時、","gloss":"time"},{"word":"二人","gloss":"2 people"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Garden and body words · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"The garden and the body","paragraphs":["The words cover the garden, weather, drinks, the body, and work. *にわ* means \"garden, yard,\" while *手入れ* means \"care, mending.\"","*のど* means \"throat,\" and *おなか* means \"stomach.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":166,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.001","source":"雲","translation":"cloud","reading":"くも","words":[{"text":"雲","gloss":"cloud","reading":"くも"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.001.m4a"},{"number":167,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.002","source":"にわ","translation":"garden, yard","reading":"にわ","words":[{"text":"にわ","gloss":"garden or yard"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.002.m4a"},{"number":168,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.003","source":"手入れ","translation":"care, mending","reading":"ていれ","words":[{"text":"手入れ","gloss":"care or mending","reading":"ていれ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.003.m4a"},{"number":169,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.004","source":"今朝","translation":"this morning","reading":"けさ","words":[{"text":"今朝","gloss":"this morning","reading":"けさ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.004.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.005","source":"ほこり","translation":"dust","reading":"ほこり","words":[{"text":"ほこり","gloss":"dust"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.005.m4a"},{"number":171,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.006","source":"水","translation":"water","reading":"みず","words":[{"text":"水","gloss":"water","reading":"みず"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.006.m4a"},{"number":172,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.007","source":"昨ばん","translation":"last night","reading":"さくばん","words":[{"text":"昨ばん","gloss":"last night","reading":"さくばん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.007.m4a"},{"number":173,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.008","source":"ビール","translation":"beer","reading":"ビール","words":[{"text":"ビール","gloss":"beer"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.008.m4a"},{"number":174,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.009","source":"のど","translation":"throat","reading":"のど","words":[{"text":"のど","gloss":"throat"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.009.m4a"},{"number":175,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.010","source":"おなか","translation":"stomach","reading":"おなか","words":[{"text":"おなか","gloss":"stomach"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.010.m4a"},{"number":176,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.011","source":"じむしょ","translation":"office","reading":"じむしょ","words":[{"text":"じむしょ","gloss":"office"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.011.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"昨ばん","gloss":"last night"},{"word":"じむしょ","gloss":"office"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Drinks and garden verbs · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Drinks and outdoor actions","paragraphs":["The drink words include *お茶*, \"tea,\" and *コーヒー*, \"coffee.\" Other entries cover weather, garden work, coming or going, and perspiration.","*うえる* means \"to plant, sow.\" *かわく* means \"to dry.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":177,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.012","source":"あせ","translation":"sweat, perspiration","reading":"あせ","words":[{"text":"あせ","gloss":"sweat"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.012.m4a"},{"number":178,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.013","source":"お茶","translation":"tea","reading":"おちゃ","words":[{"text":"お茶","gloss":"tea","reading":"おちゃ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.013.m4a"},{"number":179,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.014","source":"クリーム","translation":"cream","reading":"クリーム","words":[{"text":"クリーム","gloss":"cream"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.014.m4a"},{"number":180,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.015","source":"コーヒー","translation":"coffee","reading":"コーヒー","words":[{"text":"コーヒー","gloss":"coffee"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.015.m4a"},{"number":181,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.016","source":"晴れる","translation":"to clear (v.i.)","reading":"はれる","words":[{"text":"晴れる","gloss":"clear up","reading":"はれる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.016.m4a"},{"number":182,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.017","source":"てる","translation":"to shine (v.i.)","reading":"てる","words":[{"text":"てる","gloss":"shine"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.017.m4a"},{"number":183,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.018","source":"うえる","translation":"to plant, sow","reading":"うえる","words":[{"text":"うえる","gloss":"plant or sow"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.018.m4a"},{"number":184,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.019","source":"ぬく","translation":"to put out","reading":"ぬく","words":[{"text":"ぬく","gloss":"put out"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.019.m4a"},{"number":185,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.020","source":"かわく","translation":"to dry (v.i.)","reading":"かわく","words":[{"text":"かわく","gloss":"become dry"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.020.m4a"},{"number":186,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.021","source":"いらっしゃる","translation":"to come, go (honorific verb)","reading":"いらっしゃる","words":[{"text":"いらっしゃる","gloss":"come or go"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.021.m4a"},{"number":187,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.022","source":"あせを出す","translation":"to perspire, sweat","reading":"あせをだす","words":[{"text":"あせを出す","gloss":"perspire","reading":"あせをだす"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"お茶","gloss":"tea"},{"word":"クリーム","gloss":"cream"},{"word":"コーヒー","gloss":"coffee"},{"word":"晴れる","gloss":"to clear (v.i.)"},{"word":"てる","gloss":"to shine (v.i.)"},{"word":"うえる","gloss":"to plant, sow"},{"word":"ぬく","gloss":"to put out"},{"word":"いらっしゃる","gloss":"to come, go (honorific verb)"},{"word":"あせを出す","gloss":"to perspire, sweat"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Weather and welcome expressions · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Weather and welcome expressions","paragraphs":["*よくいらっしゃいました* means \"I'm glad you came.\" *どうぞこちらへ* means \"Please come this way.\"","The weather words include *曇る*, \"to be cloudy,\" and *ひどく*, \"fiercely, violently.\" *---中* means \"throughout.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":188,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.023","source":"曇る","translation":"to be cloudy","reading":"くもる","words":[{"text":"曇る","gloss":"be cloudy","reading":"くもる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.023.m4a"},{"number":189,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.024","source":"ひどく","translation":"fiercely, violently","reading":"ひどく","words":[{"text":"ひどく","gloss":"fiercely"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.024.m4a"},{"number":190,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.025","source":"のん気な","translation":"carefree","reading":"のんきな","words":[{"text":"のん気な","gloss":"carefree","reading":"のんきな"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.025.m4a"},{"number":191,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.026","source":"けっこう","translation":"splendid, fine","reading":"けっこう","words":[{"text":"けっこう","gloss":"fine"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.026.m4a"},{"number":192,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.027","source":"よくいらっしゃいました","translation":"I'm glad you came.","reading":"よくいらっしゃいました","words":[{"text":"よくいらっしゃいました","gloss":"I'm glad you came"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.027.m4a"},{"number":193,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.028","source":"どうぞこちらへ","translation":"Please come this way.","reading":"どうぞこちらへ","words":[{"text":"どうぞこちらへ","gloss":"Please come this way"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.028.m4a"},{"number":194,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.029","source":"ほんとに","translation":"truly, really","reading":"ほんとに","words":[{"text":"ほんとに","gloss":"really"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.029.m4a"},{"number":195,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.030","source":"ちょう度","translation":"exactly","reading":"ちょうど","words":[{"text":"ちょう度","gloss":"exactly","reading":"ちょうど"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.030.m4a"},{"number":196,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.031","source":"これから(は)","translation":"from now on","reading":"これから(は)","words":[{"text":"これから(は)","gloss":"from now on"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.031.m4a"},{"number":197,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.032","source":"ほこりがたつ","translation":"dust rises","reading":"ほこりがたつ","words":[{"text":"ほこりがたつ","gloss":"dust rises"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.032.m4a"},{"number":198,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.033","source":"---中","translation":"throughout (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"---ちゅう","words":[{"text":"---中","gloss":"throughout","reading":"---ちゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.033.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"曇る","gloss":"to be cloudy"},{"word":"のん気な","gloss":"carefree"},{"word":"けっこう","gloss":"splendid, fine"},{"word":"よくいらっしゃいました","gloss":"I'm glad you came."},{"word":"どうぞこちらへ","gloss":"Please come this way."},{"word":"ほんとに","gloss":"truly, really"},{"word":"ちょう度","gloss":"exactly"},{"word":"これから(は)","gloss":"from now on"},{"word":"ほこりがたつ","gloss":"dust rises"},{"word":"---中","gloss":"throughout (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Time, hunger and alternatives · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Duration, purpose, and alternatives","paragraphs":["*一日中* means \"all day long,\" and *--がてら* means \"by way of, partly for.\"","*--でも* offers an alternative, *--ようです* marks an appearance, and *買って来ます* means \"to go to buy.\""]},{"title":"Thirst and hunger","paragraphs":["*のどがかわく* means \"to be thirsty.\" *おなかがすく* means \"to get hungry.\"","Both expressions describe bodily needs."]}],"lines":[{"number":199,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.034","source":"一日中","translation":"all day long","reading":"いちにちじゅう","words":[{"text":"一日中","gloss":"all day long","reading":"いちにちじゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.034.m4a"},{"number":200,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.035","source":"--がてら","translation":"by way of, partly for -- (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--がてら","words":[{"text":"--がてら","gloss":"while also doing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.035.m4a"},{"number":201,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.036","source":"のどがかわく","translation":"to be thirsty","reading":"のどがかわく","words":[{"text":"のどがかわく","gloss":"be thirsty"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.036.m4a"},{"number":202,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.037","source":"おなかがすく","translation":"to get hungry","reading":"おなかがすく","words":[{"text":"おなかがすく","gloss":"get hungry"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.037.m4a"},{"number":203,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.038","source":"--でも","translation":"-- or something (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"--でも","words":[{"text":"--でも","gloss":"or something"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.038.m4a"},{"number":204,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.039","source":"--ようです","translation":"looks like (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"--ようです","words":[{"text":"--ようです","gloss":"looks like"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.039.m4a"},{"number":205,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.040","source":"買って来ます","translation":"to go to buy (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"かってきます","words":[{"text":"買って来ます","gloss":"go buy","reading":"かってきます"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.040.m4a"},{"number":206,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.041","source":"--のかわりに","translation":"instead of, in place of","reading":"--のかわりに","words":[{"text":"--のかわりに","gloss":"instead of"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.041.m4a"},{"number":207,"id":"ja.dli.L040.w.042","source":"やあ","translation":"Oh!","reading":"やあ","words":[{"text":"やあ","gloss":"Oh!"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L040.w.042.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"一日中","gloss":"all day long"},{"word":"--がてら","gloss":"by way of, partly for -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"のどがかわく","gloss":"to be thirsty"},{"word":"おなかがすく","gloss":"to get hungry"},{"word":"--でも","gloss":"even, even if it is --"},{"word":"--ようです","gloss":"looks like (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"買って来ます","gloss":"to go to buy (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"--のかわりに","gloss":"instead of, in place of"},{"word":"やあ","gloss":"Oh!"}],"paradigms":[]}]}