{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L042","title":"Lesson 42","stage":"Kanji and everyday Japanese","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 42: choosing a historical film · dialogue 1 of 3, changing movie plans to saturday · dialogue 2 of 3, choosing an evening showing · dialogue 3 of 3, stating intentions and plans · perception drill, making decisions and choices · perception drill, saying what is expected · perception drill, doing things without preparation · perception drill, plans for future activities · pattern 1 1 of 2, asking about intended actions · pattern 1 2 of 2, decisions about times and actions · pattern 2 1 of 3, choosing dates and routines · pattern 2 2 of 3, asking about regular habits · pattern 2 3 of 3, expectations from known facts · pattern 3 1 of 3, drawing likely conclusions · pattern 3 2 of 3, reasons for expected outcomes · pattern 3 3 of 3, acting without prior steps · pattern 4 1 of 4, missing steps and consequences · pattern 4 2 of 4, meals, buying, studying through historical films · reading selection 1 of 2, planning for a popular film · reading selection 2 of 2, questions about historical films · questions 1 of 2, tickets, historical and modern film words · word list 1 of 4, cinema ticketing words · word list 2 of 4, invitations and reservations vocabulary · word list 3 of 4, movie plans and popularity expressions · word list 4 of 4.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/42","lines":221},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/41","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/43","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Choosing a historical film · Dialogue 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A historical film on Friday","paragraphs":["One speaker wants to see a Japanese film. The other explains historical and modern films, then proposes a historical film on Friday.","*私は まず 時代物を 見たいですね* means \"I want to see a Jidai-mono first.\""]},{"title":"An intention to listen for","paragraphs":["In *私は 今週の 金曜日の 晩に 「座頭市果し状」 を 見に 行くつもりです*, *つもり* presents the plan to go see the film.","The invitation *なんなら、 一しょに 行きませんか* means \"If it's OK with you, would you like to go with me?\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 映 to 晩","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L042.dlg.001","source":"私は まだ 日本映画を 見た 事が ないのですが、よいのが あったら、見に 行きたいと 思っています。","translation":"I have not yet seen a Japanese movie, but if there is a good one, I am hoping to go see it.","reading":"わたくしはまだにほんえいがをみたことがないのですが、よいのがあったら、みにいきたいとおもっています。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese movie","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"Japanese movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"事","gloss":"experience","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"have not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"if there is"},{"text":"たら、","gloss":"if there is"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"am hoping","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am hoping"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am hoping"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am hoping"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L042.dlg.002","source":"そうですか。 では、私が あんないしましょう。 どんなのが 好きですか。 時代物? 現代物?","translation":"Is that right? Well, I'll take you, then. What sort of picture would you like? A Jidai-mono or a Gendai-mono?","reading":"そうですか。では、わたくしがあんないしましょう。どんなのがすきですか。じだいもの?げんだいもの?","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"で","gloss":"well then"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"well then"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あんない","gloss":"guide"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"shall"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"時代","gloss":"historical movie","reading":"じだい"},{"text":"物?","gloss":"historical movie","reading":"もの"},{"text":"現代","gloss":"modern movie","reading":"げんだい"},{"text":"物?","gloss":"modern movie","reading":"もの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L042.dlg.003","source":"時代物と 言うのは どんなのですか。","translation":"What is a Jidai-mono?","reading":"じだいものというのはどんなのですか。","words":[{"text":"時代","gloss":"historical movie","reading":"じだい"},{"text":"物","gloss":"historical movie","reading":"もの"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"の","gloss":"movie"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L042.dlg.004","source":"時代物と 言うのは、むかしの 話や 出来事を とりあつかった 物です。 まあ、さむらい映画ですね。 現代物は 現代の 話や 出来事を とりあつかった 映画です。","translation":"A Jidai-mono is a film that has taken up the story or the incident of the ancient period. In short, it is a movie in which \"Samurai\" appear. A Gendai-mono is a movie that deals with a modern-day story or incident.","reading":"じだいものというのは、むかしのはなしやできごとをとりあつかったものです。まあ、さむらいえいがですね。げんだいものはげんだいのはなしやできごとをとりあつかったえいがです。","words":[{"text":"時代","gloss":"historical movie","reading":"じだい"},{"text":"物","gloss":"historical movie","reading":"もの"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むかし","gloss":"ancient"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"話","gloss":"story","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"や","gloss":"or"},{"text":"出来事","gloss":"event","reading":"できごと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"とりあつかっ","gloss":"dealt with"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"物","gloss":"film","reading":"もの"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"まあ、","gloss":"in short"},{"text":"さむらい","gloss":"samurai"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"現代","gloss":"modern movie","reading":"げんだい"},{"text":"物","gloss":"modern movie","reading":"もの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"現代","gloss":"modern day","reading":"げんだい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"話","gloss":"story","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"や","gloss":"or"},{"text":"出来事","gloss":"event","reading":"できごと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"とりあつかっ","gloss":"dealt with"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L042.dlg.005","source":"私は まず 時代物を 見たいですね。","translation":"I want to see a Jidai-mono first.","reading":"わたくしはまずじだいものをみたいですね。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まず","gloss":"first"},{"text":"時代","gloss":"historical movie","reading":"じだい"},{"text":"物","gloss":"historical movie","reading":"もの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L042.dlg.006","source":"私は 今週の 金曜日の 晩に 「座頭市果し状」 を 見に 行くつもりです。 なんなら、 一しょに 行きませんか。","translation":"I intend to go to see \"Zatooichi hatashijoo\" on Friday evening this week. If it's OK with you, would you like to go with me?","reading":"わたくしはこんしゅうのきんようびのばんに「ざとういちはたしじょう」をみにいくつもりです。なんなら、いっしょにいきませんか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今週","gloss":"this week","reading":"こんしゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"金曜","gloss":"Friday","reading":"きんよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Friday","reading":"び"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"晩","gloss":"evening","reading":"ばん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"「座頭","gloss":"Zatoichi Hatashijo"},{"text":"市","gloss":"Zatoichi Hatashijo"},{"text":"果し状」","gloss":"Zatoichi Hatashijo"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"if you like"},{"text":"なら、","gloss":"if you like"},{"text":"一しょ","gloss":"together","reading":"いっしょ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"TSUMORI\n\nTSUMORI, used after the conclusive form of verbs, expresses the idea of 'intention.'\n\nExamples:\n\nWATAKUSHI WA EIGA NI IKU TSUMORI DESU. \"I intend to go to a movie.\"\n\nWATAKUSHI WA KONBAN WA BENKYOO SURU TSUMORI DESU. \"I intend to study tonight.\"\n\nANO HITO WA ATARASHII JIDOOSHA O KAU TSUMORI RASHII. \"It seems that he intends to buy a new car.\"\n\nTo express a negative idea \"I don't intend to go,\" the Japanese is usually \"I intend not to go.\" Therefore, WATAKUSHI WA IKANAI TSUMORI DESU is the way the idea is expressed."},{"section":2,"text":"--NI SURU\n\nNI SURU following a substantive means 'to decide on,' 'to make it ---'\n\nExamples:\n\nMONTEREI E IKU NO WA NICHIYOO NI SHIMASHITA. \"I decided on Sunday as the day to go to Monterey.\"\n\nWATAKUSHI NO WA SAKANA NI SHITE KUDASAI. \"Make mine fish.\"\n\nBENKYOO SURU NO WA ASHITA NI SHIMASHOO. \"Let's make tomorrow the day to study.\"\n\nCommonly the particle NO is used as a pronoun after I or NA adjectives. In such a case NI SURU follows the NO.\n\nIf the noun is an abstract fact, KOTO is used.\n\nExamples:\n\nKUTSU WA YASUI NO NI SHIMASHITA. \"As for shoes, I decided on the inexpensive one.\"\n\nWAISHATSU WA SUKOSHI OOKI NA NO NI SURU HOO GA II DESU. \"As for the shirts, you had better decide on a little larger size.\"\n\nSORE WA WARUI KOTO NI SHITE ARIMASU. \"It has been decided as a bad thing.\"\n\nIn case the decision is an action, the verb expressing the action is nominalized by the use of KOTO before NI SURU.\n\nExamples:\n\nWATAKUSHI WA ASHITA KAAMERU E IKU KOTO NI SHIMASHITA. \"I have decided to go to Carmel tomorrow.\"\n\nKONBAN WA BENKYOO SHINAI KOTO NI SHIMASHITA. \"I decided not to study tonight.\""},{"section":3,"text":"--HAZU DESU\n\nHAZU is a noun used to express expectation.\n\nExamples:\n\nWATAKUSHI WA KYOO WA ROKUJI NI UCHI E KAERU HAZU DESU. \"I'm supposed to go home at 6 today.\"\n\nTANAKA SAN MO KURU HAZU DESU. \"Mr. Tanaka is supposed to come, too.\"\n\nMISE O ROKUJI NI SHIMERU HAZU DESU. \"They are supposed to close the store at 6.\"\n\nSONO MICHI WA TOORENAI HAZU DESU. \"That road is supposed to be impassable.\"\n\nICHIGO WA IMAGORO WA YASUI HAZU DESU. \"Strawberries are supposed to be cheap nowadays.\"\n\nSORE WA MOTTO OOKII HAZU DESU. \"That is supposed to be a little bigger.\"\n\nKORE WA ANO KATA NIWA TAISETSU NA HAZU DESU. \"This is supposed to be important for him.\"\n\nSONNA HAZU WA ARIMASEN. \"That shouldn't be.\"\n\n\"It is not supposed to be so.\"\n\nHAZU WA ARIMASEN or HAZU WA NAI is a strong negative. The equivalent impression in English is \"Why should one ---,\" \"We have no reason to expect one to ---,\" etc.\n\nExamples:\n\nANO KATA WA KURU HAZU WA ARIMASEN. \"Why should he come? He won't.\" \"We have no reason to expect him to come.\"\n\nSONNA NI TAKAI HAZU GA NAI. \"It simply can't be so expensive.\"\n\nTABAKO WA KARADA NI II HAZU GA NAI. \"Tobacco is never good for the health.\""},{"section":4,"text":"--ZU NI\n\nZU, the imperfective stem of the auxiliary verb NU, means 'not.' It occurs most commonly adverbially, usually in conjunction with NI. ZU NI means the same as NAI DE and they are used interchangeably. It usually means 'without.'\n\nExamples:\n\nYUUHAN O TABEZU NI KITE KUDASAI.\n\nYUUHAN O TABENAI DE KITE KUDASAI. \"Please come without eating supper.\"\n\nYOSHUU SEZU NI GAKKOO E KIMASHITA.\n\nYOSHUU SHINAI DE GAKKOO E KIMASHITA. \"I came to school without preparation.\"\n\nWhen ZU is attached to the SURU verb, it is attached to the SE form and not the SHI form. Compare SEZU and SHINAI in the above examples."},{"section":5,"text":"NINKI\n\nThe word NINKI means popularity. 'To be not popular' or 'to have no popularity' is NINKI GA NAI. 'To gain 'popularity' is NINKI GA DERU. 'To lose popularity' is NINKI GA NAKU NARU. To use NINKI attributively, the form NINKI GA ARU or NINKI GA NAI is used. 'A popular man' is NINKI GA ARU HITO and not NINKI NO HITO. 'Not a popular man' is NINKI NO NAI HITO. However, the word NINKI forms a compound word by having no particle or verb in between the noun and itself; for example, NINKI MONO, 'popular person.'"}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"},{"word":"映画","gloss":"movie"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"好き","gloss":"to like, be fond of (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"時代","gloss":"era, period"},{"word":"現代","gloss":"present time, modern time"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"むかし","gloss":"ancient, old"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"出来事","gloss":"event, incident"},{"word":"さむらい","gloss":"warrior, SAMURAI"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"まず","gloss":"first, first of all"},{"word":"今週","gloss":"this week"},{"word":"なら、","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Changing movie plans to Saturday · Dialogue 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Saturday instead of Friday","paragraphs":["Friday is not possible, so the speakers choose Saturday and invite Mr. Smith.","*それでは 土曜日にしましょう* means \"Well then, I'll make it Saturday evening.\" *スミスさんも 行ける はずです* presents the expectation that he can go.","In *わすれずに 買っておきます*, *わすれずに* means the tickets will be bought without forgetting."]},{"title":"A film with popularity","paragraphs":["*今 日本で 一番 人気の ある 映画* means \"the most popular movie in Japan now.\"","Within this phrase, *人気の ある* describes the film as popular."]},{"title":"Kanji: 用","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L042.dlg.007","source":"行きたいのですが、金曜日の 晩は あいにく 用事が あって 行けません。 土曜日の 晩なら さしつかえ ありませんが。","translation":"I would like to go, but unfortunately, I am busy Friday night and I can't go. If it's Saturday night, I am free, but ---","reading":"いきたいのですが、きんようびのばんはあいにくようじがあっていけません。どようびのばんならさしつかえありませんが。","words":[{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"金曜","gloss":"Friday","reading":"きんよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Friday","reading":"び"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"晩","gloss":"evening","reading":"ばん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あいにく","gloss":"unfortunately"},{"text":"用事","gloss":"plans","reading":"ようじ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"have"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"行け","gloss":"can go","reading":"いけ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"土曜","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"どよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"び"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"晩","gloss":"evening","reading":"ばん"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"if"},{"text":"さしつかえ","gloss":"conflict"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"が。","gloss":"but"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L042.dlg.008","source":"そうですか。 それでは 土曜日にしましょう。 それに 土曜日でしたら、 スミスさんも 行ける はずですから、 スミスさんも さそいましょう。","translation":"Is that right? Well then, I'll make it Saturday evening. Besides, if it's Saturday, Mr. Smith is supposed to be able to go, so let's invite Mr. Smith, too.","reading":"そうですか。それではどようびにしましょう。それにどようびでしたら、スミスさんもいけるはずですから、スミスさんもさそいましょう。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"土曜","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"どよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"び"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"shall"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"besides"},{"text":"に","gloss":"besides"},{"text":"土曜","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"どよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"び"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"if it is"},{"text":"たら、","gloss":"if it is"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"行ける","gloss":"can go","reading":"いける"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"supposed to"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"さそい","gloss":"invite"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"let us"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L042.dlg.009","source":"その 映画は おもしろいのですか。","translation":"Is that movie interesting?","reading":"そのえいがはおもしろいのですか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おもしろい","gloss":"interesting"},{"text":"の","gloss":"it is that"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L042.dlg.010","source":"ええ、とても。 今 日本で 一番 人気の ある 映画ですね。","translation":"Yes, it is very interesting. It's the most popular movie in Japan now.","reading":"ええ、とても。いまにほんでいちばんにんきのあるえいがですね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"とても。","gloss":"very"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"人気","gloss":"popularity","reading":"にんき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"having"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L042.dlg.011","source":"入場けんの 前売りを しているのですか。","translation":"Are they selling tickets in advance?","reading":"にゅうじょうけんのまえうりをしているのですか。","words":[{"text":"入場","gloss":"admission ticket","reading":"にゅうじょう"},{"text":"けん","gloss":"admission ticket"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"前売り","gloss":"advance sale","reading":"まえうり"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"are selling"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are selling"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are selling"},{"text":"の","gloss":"it is that"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L042.dlg.012","source":"た分 しているでしょう。 今晩、 わすれずに 買っておきます。","translation":"They probably are. I'll buy them tonight without fail.","reading":"たぶんしているでしょう。こんばん、わすれずにかっておきます。","words":[{"text":"た","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"分","gloss":"probably","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"are selling"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are selling"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are selling"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"今晩、","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"わすれ","gloss":"forget"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"without"},{"text":"に","gloss":"doing so"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy in advance","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"buy in advance"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"buy in advance"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"あいにく","gloss":"unfortunately"},{"word":"用事","gloss":"personal business"},{"word":"なら","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"さしつかえ","gloss":"hindrance, engagement"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"おもしろい","gloss":"interesting, to be fun"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"とても。","gloss":"very, indeed"},{"word":"一番","gloss":"number one (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"人気","gloss":"popularity"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"けん","gloss":"numerical counter for houses (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"前売り","gloss":"advance sale"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"分","gloss":"minute"},{"word":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Choosing an evening showing · Dialogue 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"The seven-forty showing","paragraphs":["The speakers expect evening tickets to be available and compare two showing times.","*どちらに しましょうか* asks which showing they should select. The reply chooses *七時四十分のに*, the seven-forty one.","That time permits a leisurely supper before they leave."]},{"title":"Kanji: 部","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L042.dlg.013","source":"おねがいします。 夜の 部の 切ぷが なければ ひるの 部のでも いいですよ。","translation":"Would you please. If there are no tickets for the evening show, matinee ones will do, OK?","reading":"おねがいします。よるのぶのきっぷがなければひるのぶのでもいいですよ。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"please"},{"text":"ねがい","gloss":"request"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"夜","gloss":"evening","reading":"よる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"部","gloss":"showing","reading":"ぶ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"切","gloss":"ticket","reading":"きっ"},{"text":"ぷ","gloss":"ticket"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not exist"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"ひる","gloss":"daytime"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"部","gloss":"showing","reading":"ぶ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"で","gloss":"even"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"fine"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L042.dlg.014","source":"わかりました。 ふう切りが 明後日ですから、 きっと 夜の 部のが ありますよ。","translation":"I understand. Since the first-run showing will begin day after tomorrow, I am sure there will be tickets for the evening show.","reading":"わかりました。ふうきりがあさってですから、きっとよるのぶのがありますよ。","words":[{"text":"わかり","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ふう","gloss":"first-run showing"},{"text":"切り","gloss":"first-run showing","reading":"きり"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"明後日","gloss":"day after tomorrow"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"きっと","gloss":"surely"},{"text":"夜","gloss":"evening","reading":"よる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"部","gloss":"showing","reading":"ぶ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L042.dlg.015","source":"何時に 始まるのですか。","translation":"What time does it start?","reading":"なんじにはじまるのですか。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"what time","reading":"なん"},{"text":"時","gloss":"what time","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"始まる","gloss":"start","reading":"はじまる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"it is that"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L042.dlg.016","source":"夜の 部は 上映が 四時二十分と 七時四十分です。 どちらに しましょうか。","translation":"The evening showings are at 4:20 and 7:40. Which showing shall we decide on?","reading":"よるのぶはじょうえいがよじにじゅっぷんとしちじよんじゅっぷんです。どちらにしましょうか。","words":[{"text":"夜","gloss":"evening","reading":"よる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"部","gloss":"showing","reading":"ぶ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"上映","gloss":"screening","reading":"じょうえい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock"},{"text":"二十","gloss":"twenty"},{"text":"分","gloss":"minutes"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock"},{"text":"四十","gloss":"forty"},{"text":"分","gloss":"minutes"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"どちら","gloss":"which one"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ましょう","gloss":"shall we"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L042.dlg.017","source":"七時四十分のに しましょう。 ゆっくり 食事を して 出かける事が 出来ますから。","translation":"Let's make it the 7:40 one. We can have supper leisurely and go, so ---","reading":"しちじよんじゅっぷんのにしましょう。ゆっくりしょくじをしてでかけることができますから。","words":[{"text":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock"},{"text":"四十","gloss":"forty"},{"text":"分","gloss":"minutes"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"shall we"},{"text":"ゆっくり","gloss":"leisurely"},{"text":"食事","gloss":"meal","reading":"しょくじ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"出かける","gloss":"go out","reading":"でかける"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L042.dlg.018","source":"そうですね。 それでは、 そうしましょう。","translation":"That's right, too. Then, let's do that.","reading":"そうですね。それでは、そうしましょう。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that’s right"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"as for"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"that way"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"shall we"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"夜","gloss":"night, evening"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"明後日","gloss":"day after tomorrow"},{"word":"きっと","gloss":"surely"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"上映","gloss":"showing (movie)"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"二十","gloss":"20"},{"word":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"word":"四十","gloss":"40"},{"word":"どちら","gloss":"which of two (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ましょう","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ゆっくり","gloss":"slowly; deliberately; leisurely"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Stating intentions and plans · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"An intention after the verb","paragraphs":["*私は 日本へ 行くつもりです* means \"I intend to go to Japan.\"","The affirmative verb *行く* comes before *つもりです* to state the intended action."]},{"title":"Intending not to act","paragraphs":["*私は 家を 売らない つもりです* means \"I don't intend to sell my home.\"","The negative verb *売らない* comes before *つもりです*. Japanese presents this as intending not to perform the action."]},{"title":"Kanji: 新","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp1.01","source":"私は 日本へ 行くつもりです。","translation":"I intend to go to Japan.","reading":"わたくしはにほんへいくつもりです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp1.02","source":"私は 家を 売らない つもりです。","translation":"I don't intend to sell my home.","reading":"わたくしはいえをうらないつもりです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"売ら","gloss":"sell","reading":"うら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp1.03","source":"今年 新しい自動車を 買うつもりです。","translation":"I intend to buy a new car this year.","reading":"ことしあたらしいじどうしゃをかうつもりです。","words":[{"text":"今年","gloss":"this year"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp1.04","source":"私は 今晩 早く 休むつもりです。","translation":"I intend to go to bed early tonight.","reading":"わたくしはこんばんはやくやすむつもりです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"休む","gloss":"go to bed","reading":"やすむ"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp1.05","source":"私は 日本へ 家ぞくを つれて 行くつもりです。","translation":"I intend to take my family with me to Japan.","reading":"わたくしはにほんへかぞくをつれていくつもりです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"家ぞく","gloss":"family","reading":"かぞく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"take along","reading":"いく"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp1.06","source":"今年の 夏休には どこへも 行かないつもりです。","translation":"I do not intend to go anywhere during summer vacation this year.","reading":"ことしのなつやすみにはどこへもいかないつもりです。","words":[{"text":"今年","gloss":"this year","reading":"ことし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"夏休","gloss":"summer vacation","reading":"なつやすみ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"during"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"anywhere"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp1.07","source":"月は 早くおきないつもりです。","translation":"I do not intend to get up early that month.","reading":"がつははやくおきないつもりです。","words":[{"text":"月","gloss":"month","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp1.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"今年","gloss":"this year"},{"word":"車","gloss":"vehicle, car"},{"word":"買う","gloss":"to buy"},{"word":"家ぞく","gloss":"family"},{"word":"月","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Making decisions and choices · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"A decided action","paragraphs":["*日本へ 十月に 行く 事にしました* means \"I have decided to go to Japan in October.\"","To decide on an action, *事* stands between the verb and *にしました*."]},{"title":"A chosen time or thing","paragraphs":["*日本へ 行くのは 十月にしました* means \"I have decided on October as the time to go to Japan.\" A chosen time takes *にしました* directly.","*安いのにしました* means \"I have decided on the cheap one.\" After an adjective, *の* stands for the chosen thing."]},{"title":"Kanji: 聞","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp2.01","source":"日本へ 十月に 行く 事にしました。","translation":"I have decided to go to Japan in October.","reading":"にほんへじゅうがつにいくことにしました。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"十","gloss":"October","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"月","gloss":"October","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp2.01.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp2.02","source":"日本へ 行くのは 十月にしました。","translation":"I have decided on October as the time to go to Japan.","reading":"にほんへいくのはじゅうがつにしました。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"十","gloss":"October","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"月","gloss":"October","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp2.02.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp2.03","source":"安いのにしました。","translation":"I have decided on the cheap one.","reading":"やすいのにしました。","words":[{"text":"安い","gloss":"cheap","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp2.03.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp2.04","source":"私は 毎日 日本新聞を 読む事にしました。","translation":"I decided to read a Japanese newspaper every day.","reading":"わたくしはまいにちにほんしんぶんをよむことにしました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese newspaper"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"Japanese newspaper"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読む","gloss":"read","reading":"よむ"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp2.04.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp2.05","source":"新しい テレビを 買う事にしました。","translation":"I decided to buy a new television.","reading":"あたらしいテレビをかうことにしました。","words":[{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"テレビ","gloss":"television"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp2.05.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp2.06","source":"サンフランシスコへ 行くのは 四月十日にしました。","translation":"I decided to go to San Francisco on April 10.","reading":"サンフランシスコへいくのはしがつとおかにしました。","words":[{"text":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"四","gloss":"April"},{"text":"月","gloss":"April"},{"text":"十","gloss":"tenth"},{"text":"日","gloss":"tenth"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp2.06.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp2.07","source":"日本へ 行くのは 船にしました。","translation":"I decided to go to Japan by ship.","reading":"にほんへいくのはふねにしました。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"船","gloss":"ship","reading":"ふね"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp2.07.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp2.08","source":"ぼうしは あかいのにしました。","translation":"I decided on the red hat.","reading":"ぼうしはあかいのにしました。","words":[{"text":"ぼうし","gloss":"hat"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp2.08.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp2.09","source":"今度 買う 自動車は 古いのにしました。","translation":"I decided that the next car I buy will be an old one.","reading":"こんどかうじどうしゃはふるいのにしました。","words":[{"text":"今度","gloss":"next time"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"古い","gloss":"old","reading":"ふるい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp2.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"テレビ","gloss":"television"},{"word":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"word":"あかい","gloss":"red"},{"word":"今度","gloss":"this time, next time"},{"word":"古い","gloss":"old, antique"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying what is expected · Perception drill, Block 3","teaching":[{"title":"An expected action","paragraphs":["*スミスさんは 来月 日本へ 行く はずです* means \"Mr. Smith is supposed to go to Japan next month.\"","*はず* is a noun that expresses expectation. A verb can stand directly before *はずです*."]},{"title":"Expectation after adjectives","paragraphs":["*あの方は 日本語が 上手な はずです* means \"He is supposed to be fluent in Japanese.\" A NA-adjective takes *な* before *はずです*.","*いい物は 高いはずです* means \"Good things are supposed to be expensive.\" An I-adjective stands directly before *はずです*."]}],"lines":[{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp3.01","source":"スミスさんは 来月 日本へ 行く はずです。","translation":"Mr. Smith is supposed to go to Japan next month.","reading":"スミスさんはらいげつにほんへいくはずです。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"来月","gloss":"next month","reading":"らいげつ"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"supposed to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp3.01.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp3.02","source":"あの店は 何でも 安い はずです。","translation":"Anything is supposed to be cheaper at that store.","reading":"あのみせはなんでもやすいはずです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"店","gloss":"store","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"even"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"安い","gloss":"cheap","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"supposed to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp3.02.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp3.03","source":"あの方は 日本語が 上手な はずです。","translation":"He is supposed to be fluent in Japanese.","reading":"あのかたはにほんごがじょうずなはずです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"fluent","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"な","gloss":"being"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"supposed to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp3.03.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp3.04","source":"今晩頃 雨が 降るはずです。","translation":"It is supposed to rain around this evening.","reading":"こんばんごろあめがふるはずです。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"this evening"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"fall","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"supposed to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp3.04.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp3.05","source":"この学校は 四時に 終るはずです。","translation":"This school is supposed to finish at four o’clock.","reading":"このがっこうはよじにおわるはずです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four","reading":"よ"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"終る","gloss":"finish","reading":"おわる"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"supposed to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp3.05.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp3.06","source":"いい物は 高いはずです。","translation":"Good things are supposed to be expensive.","reading":"いいものはたかいはずです。","words":[{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"supposed to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp3.06.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp3.07","source":"かたかなは ひらがなより やさしいはずです。","translation":"Katakana is supposed to be easier than hiragana.","reading":"かたかなはひらがなよりやさしいはずです。","words":[{"text":"かたかな","gloss":"katakana"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ひらがな","gloss":"hiragana"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"supposed to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp3.07.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp3.08","source":"若い人は 元気なはずです。","translation":"Young people are supposed to be energetic.","reading":"わかいひとはげんきなはずです。","words":[{"text":"若い","gloss":"young","reading":"わかい"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"元気","gloss":"energetic","reading":"げんき"},{"text":"な","gloss":"being"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"supposed to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp3.08.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp3.09","source":"この学校が 終るのは 四時のはずです。","translation":"This school is supposed to finish at four o’clock.","reading":"このがっこうがおわるのはよじのはずです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"終る","gloss":"finish","reading":"おわる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four","reading":"よ"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"supposed to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp3.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"来月","gloss":"next month"},{"word":"店","gloss":"store, shop"},{"word":"上手","gloss":"skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"頃","gloss":"approximate point of time (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"降る","gloss":"to fall (rain) (v.i.)"},{"word":"かたかな","gloss":"KATAKANA syllabary"},{"word":"ひらがな","gloss":"HIRAGANA syllabary"},{"word":"より","gloss":"than (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Doing things without preparation · Perception drill, Block 4","teaching":[{"title":"Without doing an action","paragraphs":["*日曜日には 夕はんを 食べずに 来てください* means \"Please come without eating supper on Sunday.\"","*食べずに* names eating as the action not done before coming. *TABENAI DE* has the same meaning as *TABEZU NI*."]},{"title":"The form with する","paragraphs":["*昨晩 べんきょうせずに 休みました* means \"I went to bed last night without studying.\"","With *SURU*, *ず* attaches to *SE*, not *SHI*."]}],"lines":[{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp4.01","source":"日曜日には 夕はんを 食べずに 来てください。","translation":"Please come without eating supper on Sunday.","reading":"にちようびにはゆうはんをたべずにきてください。","words":[{"text":"日曜","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"にちよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"び"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"夕はん","gloss":"supper","reading":"ゆうはん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"without"},{"text":"に","gloss":"doing so"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp4.01.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp4.02","source":"今朝 ひげを そらずに 学校に 来ました。","translation":"I came to school this morning without shaving.","reading":"けさひげをそらずにがっこうにきました。","words":[{"text":"今朝","gloss":"this morning","reading":"けさ"},{"text":"ひげ","gloss":"beard"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"そら","gloss":"shave"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"without"},{"text":"に","gloss":"doing so"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp4.02.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp4.03","source":"昨晩 べんきょうせずに 休みました。","translation":"I went to bed last night without studying.","reading":"さくばんべんきょうせずにやすみました。","words":[{"text":"昨晩","gloss":"last night","reading":"さくばん"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"せ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"without"},{"text":"に","gloss":"doing so"},{"text":"休み","gloss":"go to bed","reading":"やすみ"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp4.03.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp4.04","source":"切手を はらずに 手紙を 出しました。","translation":"I mailed the letter without putting a stamp on it.","reading":"きってをはらずにてがみをだしました。","words":[{"text":"切手","gloss":"stamp","reading":"きって"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はら","gloss":"attach"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"without"},{"text":"に","gloss":"doing so"},{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letter","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出し","gloss":"mail","reading":"だし"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp4.04.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp4.05","source":"あの人は 何も 言わずに 家へ 帰りました。","translation":"That person went home without saying anything.","reading":"あのひとはなにもいわずにいえへかえりました。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なに"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"言わ","gloss":"say","reading":"いわ"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"without"},{"text":"に","gloss":"doing so"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"帰り","gloss":"return","reading":"かえり"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp4.05.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L042.gp4.06","source":"買物に 行きましたが、何も 買わずに 帰りました。","translation":"I went shopping, but came home without buying anything.","reading":"かいものにいきましたが、なにもかわずにかえりました。","words":[{"text":"買物","gloss":"shopping","reading":"かいもの"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なに"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"買わ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"without"},{"text":"に","gloss":"doing so"},{"text":"帰り","gloss":"return","reading":"かえり"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.gp4.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ください。","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"今朝","gloss":"this morning"},{"word":"ひげ","gloss":"beard, whiskers"},{"word":"そら","gloss":"sky"},{"word":"切手","gloss":"postage stamp"},{"word":"手紙","gloss":"letter (correspondence)"},{"word":"買物","gloss":"shopping"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Plans for future activities · Pattern 1 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Plans to act or not act","paragraphs":["*私は 今晩 映画を 見に 行くつもりです* means \"I intend to go to see a movie tonight.\" The verb before *つもり* states the plan.","*今晩は 働かない つもりです* means \"I do not intend to work tonight.\" A negative verb states a negative plan."]},{"title":"Asking about an intention","paragraphs":["*日本語を 習って、 どうする つもりですか* means \"What do you intend to do after learning Japanese?\"","The answer names the intended action: *日本へ あそびに 行くつもりです*, \"I intend to go to Japan for pleasure.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt1.m1","source":"私は 今晩 映画を 見に 行くつもりです。","translation":"I intend to go to see a movie tonight.","reading":"わたくしはこんばんえいがをみにいくつもりです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt1.01","source":"私は 今晩は 映画に 行かない つもりです。","translation":"I don't intend to go to a movie tonight.","reading":"わたくしはこんばんはえいがにいかないつもりです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今晩は","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばんは"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt1.02","source":"明日の 朝 早く おきるつもりです。","translation":"I intend to get up early tomorrow morning.","reading":"あしたのあさはやくおきるつもりです。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"おきる","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt1.03","source":"もう二年 日本語の べんきょうを つづけるつもりです。","translation":"I intend to continue studying Japanese for two more years.","reading":"もうにねんにほんごのべんきょうをつづけるつもりです。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"another"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つづける","gloss":"continue"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt1.04","source":"新しい カラーテレビを 買うつもりです。","translation":"I intend to buy a new color television.","reading":"あたらしいカラーテレビをかうつもりです。","words":[{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"カラー","gloss":"color television"},{"text":"テレビ","gloss":"color television"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt1.05","source":"今晩は 働かない つもりです。","translation":"I do not intend to work tonight.","reading":"こんばんははたらかないつもりです。","words":[{"text":"今晩は","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばんは"},{"text":"働か","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt1.06","source":"家内を 日本へつれて 行かないつもりです。","translation":"I do not intend to take my wife with me to Japan.","reading":"かないをにほんへつれていかないつもりです。","words":[{"text":"家内","gloss":"wife","reading":"かない"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"take along","reading":"いか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt1.07","source":"日本語を 習って、 どうする つもりですか。","translation":"What do you intend to do after learning Japanese?","reading":"にほんごをならって、どうするつもりですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"after"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt1.08","source":"日本へ あそびに 行くつもりです。","translation":"I intend to go to Japan for pleasure.","reading":"にほんへあそびにいくつもりです。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"pleasure"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt1.09","source":"そんな 古い 自動車を 買って どうするのですか。","translation":"What are you going to do with such an old car?","reading":"そんなふるいじどうしゃをかってどうするのですか。","words":[{"text":"そんな","gloss":"such"},{"text":"古い","gloss":"old"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"buy"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case that"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt1.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"word":"朝","gloss":"morning"},{"word":"おきる","gloss":"to rise, get up (v.i.)"},{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"つづける","gloss":"to continue (v.t.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking about intended actions · Pattern 1 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A plan in the answer","paragraphs":["*あなたは モンテレーに 住むつもりですか* means \"Do you intend to live in Monterey?\"","The answer replaces the place: *いいえ、 サリナスに 住むつもりです*, \"No, I intend to live in Salinas.\""]},{"title":"From a future question to an intention","paragraphs":["*行きますか ――→ はい、 行くつもりです* pairs \"Will you go?\" with \"Yes, I intend to go.\"","The remaining questions ask about future actions. An answer with *つもりです* confirms or changes the intended action."]}],"lines":[{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt1.10","source":"仕事に 行くのに 使うつもりです。","translation":"I intend to use it to go to work.","reading":"しごとにいくのにつかうつもりです。","words":[{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"in order to"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in order to"},{"text":"使う","gloss":"use","reading":"つかう"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt1.11","source":"あなたは モンテレーに 住むつもりですか。","translation":"Do you intend to live in Monterey?","reading":"あなたはモンテレーにすむつもりですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"住む","gloss":"live","reading":"すむ"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt1.12","source":"いいえ、 サリナスに 住むつもりです。","translation":"No, I intend to live in Salinas.","reading":"いいえ、サリナスにすむつもりです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"サリナス","gloss":"Salinas"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"住む","gloss":"live","reading":"すむ"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt1.13","source":"行きますか ――→ はい、 行くつもりです。","translation":"Will you go? — Yes, I intend to go.","reading":"いきますか――→はい、いくつもりです。","words":[{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か――→","gloss":"question"},{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt1.14","source":"日曜日には 上田さんを さそいますか。","translation":"Will you invite Mr. Ueda on Sunday?","reading":"にちようびにはうえださんをさそいますか。","words":[{"text":"日曜","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"にちよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"び"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"上田","gloss":"Ueda","reading":"うえだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"さそい","gloss":"invite"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt1.15","source":"牛肉を わすれずに 買っておきますか。","translation":"Will you remember to buy the beef?","reading":"ぎゅうにくをわすれずにかっておきますか。","words":[{"text":"牛肉","gloss":"beef","reading":"ぎゅうにく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"わすれ","gloss":"forget"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"without"},{"text":"に","gloss":"without"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"buy"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"buy"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt1.15.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt1.16","source":"家へ 帰ってから 服を 着かえますか。","translation":"Will you change your clothes after you get home?","reading":"いえへかえってからふくをきかえますか。","words":[{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"get home","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"get home"},{"text":"から","gloss":"after"},{"text":"服","gloss":"clothes","reading":"ふく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"着かえ","gloss":"change","reading":"きかえ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt1.17","source":"この本を 日本の 友だちに 送ってあげますか。","translation":"Will you send this book to your friend in Japan?","reading":"このほんをにほんのともだちにおくってあげますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"in"},{"text":"友だち","gloss":"friend","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"送っ","gloss":"send","reading":"おくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"send"},{"text":"あげ","gloss":"for them"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt1.17.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt1.18","source":"明日 おべんとうを 持って 来ますか。","translation":"Will you bring a boxed lunch tomorrow?","reading":"あしたおべんとうをもってきますか。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"お","gloss":"boxed lunch"},{"text":"べんとう","gloss":"boxed lunch"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"bring","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"bring"},{"text":"来","gloss":"bring","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt1.18.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"使う","gloss":"to use, employ"},{"word":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"word":"住む","gloss":"to live, reside"},{"word":"サリナス","gloss":"Salinas"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"牛肉","gloss":"beef"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"服","gloss":"clothes, suits, uniform"},{"word":"本","gloss":"numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)"},{"word":"べんとう","gloss":"box lunch"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Decisions about times and actions · Pattern 2 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A decided action","paragraphs":["*土曜日に 行く事 にしました* means \"I have decided to go on Saturday.\" *事にしました* marks the action as decided.","*私は さけを 飲まない 事にしました* means \"I decided not to drink sake.\" The action can be negative."]},{"title":"A chosen time or thing","paragraphs":["*日本へ 行くのは 来年の 春にしました* means \"I decided to go to Japan next spring.\" The chosen time takes *にしました* directly.","*新しい のにしました* means \"I have decided on a new one.\" The adjective plus *の* names the chosen thing."]}],"lines":[{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt2.m1","source":"土曜日に 行く事 にしました。","translation":"I have decided to go on Saturday.","reading":"どようびにいくことにしました。","words":[{"text":"土曜","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"どよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"び"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act of","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"し","gloss":"decide"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt2.01","source":"それでは 土曜日 にしましょう。","translation":"Let's make it a Saturday, then.","reading":"それではどようびにしましょう。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"being"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"土曜","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"どよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"び"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"し","gloss":"make"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt2.02","source":"新しい のにしました。","translation":"I have decided on a new one.","reading":"あたらしいのにしました。","words":[{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"し","gloss":"decide"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt2.03","source":"入院する 事にしました。","translation":"I decided to enter the hospital.","reading":"にゅういんすることにしました。","words":[{"text":"入院","gloss":"hospitalization","reading":"にゅういん"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act of","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"し","gloss":"decide"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt2.04","source":"モンテレーに 住む 事にしました。","translation":"I decided to live in Monterey.","reading":"モンテレーにすむことにしました。","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"住む","gloss":"live","reading":"すむ"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act of","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"し","gloss":"decide"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt2.05","source":"日本へ 行くのは 来年の 春にしました。","translation":"I decided to go to Japan next spring.","reading":"にほんへいくのはらいねんのはるにしました。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"来年","gloss":"next year","reading":"らいねん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"春","gloss":"spring","reading":"はる"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"し","gloss":"decide"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt2.05.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt2.06","source":"つりに 出かけるのは 朝の 六時にしました。","translation":"I decided to leave for the fishing trip at six in the morning.","reading":"つりにでかけるのはあさのろくじにしました。","words":[{"text":"つり","gloss":"fishing"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"出かける","gloss":"leave","reading":"でかける"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six o'clock","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"時","gloss":"six o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"し","gloss":"decide"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt2.07","source":"私は さけを 飲まない 事にしました。","translation":"I decided not to drink sake.","reading":"わたくしはさけをのまないことにしました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さけ","gloss":"sake"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"飲ま","gloss":"drink","reading":"のま"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act of","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"し","gloss":"decide"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt2.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"春","gloss":"spring"},{"word":"つり","gloss":"fishing"},{"word":"六","gloss":"six"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Choosing dates and routines · Pattern 2 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A date selected for an action","paragraphs":["With *事にしました* after the action, *来週の 日曜日に 帰る 事にしました* means \"I decided to go back next Sunday.\"","A short answer can give only the chosen time: *今年の 秋に しました*, \"I decided on this fall.\""]},{"title":"A decision kept as a routine","paragraphs":["*毎日 やさいを 食べる 事にしています* means \"I make it a rule to eat vegetables every day.\"","The present *しています* presents the decision as a continuing routine, not one completed choice."]}],"lines":[{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt2.08","source":"家は 小さいのにしました。","translation":"I decided on the small house.","reading":"いえはちいさいのにしました。","words":[{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"小さい","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"し","gloss":"decide"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt2.09","source":"いつ 日本へ 帰るのですか。","translation":"When are you going back to Japan?","reading":"いつにほんへかえるのですか。","words":[{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほんへか"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"帰る","gloss":"go back"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case that"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt2.10","source":"来週の 日曜日に 帰る 事にしました。","translation":"I decided to go back next Sunday.","reading":"らいしゅうのにちようびにかえることにしました。","words":[{"text":"来週","gloss":"next week","reading":"らいしゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"日曜","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"にちよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"び"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"帰る","gloss":"go back","reading":"かえる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act of","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"し","gloss":"decide"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt2.11","source":"やさいは 体に いい そうですね。","translation":"I hear vegetables are good for you.","reading":"やさいはからだにいいそうですね。","words":[{"text":"やさい","gloss":"vegetables"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"体","gloss":"body","reading":"からだ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt2.11.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt2.12","source":"ええ、それで 私も 毎日 やさいを 食べる 事にしています。","translation":"Yes, so I make it a rule to eat vegetables every day.","reading":"ええ、それでわたくしもまいにちやさいをたべることにしています。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"so"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"やさい","gloss":"vegetables"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"rule","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"make it a rule"},{"text":"て","gloss":"make it a rule"},{"text":"い","gloss":"make it a rule"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"make it a rule"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt2.12.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt2.13","source":"いつ 日本へ 行く 事にしましたか。","translation":"When did you decide to go to Japan?","reading":"いつにほんへいくことにしましたか。","words":[{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act of","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"し","gloss":"decide"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt2.13.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt2.14","source":"今年の 秋に しました。","translation":"I decided on this fall.","reading":"ことしのあきにしました。","words":[{"text":"今年","gloss":"this year","reading":"ことし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"秋","gloss":"fall","reading":"あき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"し","gloss":"decide"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt2.14.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt2.15","source":"行きますか。","translation":"Will you go?","reading":"いきますか。","words":[{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt2.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"いつ","gloss":"when?"},{"word":"来週","gloss":"next week"},{"word":"やさい","gloss":"vegetable"},{"word":"体","gloss":"body, health"},{"word":"秋","gloss":"autumn, fall"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking about regular habits · Pattern 2 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A regular rule","paragraphs":["*行く 事にしています* means \"I make it a rule to go.\"","*行かない 事にしています* means \"I make it a rule not to go.\" The negative verb states the opposite rule."]},{"title":"A routine in the answer","paragraphs":["*金曜日に さかなを 食べますか* asks about eating fish on Fridays. The answer reports the repeated action as an adopted rule.","An affirmative or negative verb before *事にしています* states that rule."]}],"lines":[{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt2.16","source":"行く 事にしています。","translation":"I make it a rule to go.","reading":"いくことにしています。","words":[{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"事","gloss":"rule","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"make it a rule"},{"text":"て","gloss":"make it a rule"},{"text":"い","gloss":"make it a rule"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"make it a rule"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt2.16.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt2.17","source":"行かない 事にしています。","translation":"I make it a rule not to go.","reading":"いかないことにしています。","words":[{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"事","gloss":"rule","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"make it a rule"},{"text":"て","gloss":"make it a rule"},{"text":"い","gloss":"make it a rule"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"make it a rule"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt2.17.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt2.18","source":"金曜日に さかなを 食べますか。","translation":"Do you eat fish on Fridays?","reading":"きんようびにさかなをたべますか。","words":[{"text":"金曜","gloss":"Friday","reading":"きんよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Friday","reading":"び"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt2.18.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt2.19","source":"日曜日にも 働きますか。","translation":"Do you work on Sundays too?","reading":"にちようびにもはたらきますか。","words":[{"text":"日曜","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"にちよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"び"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"働き","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt2.19.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt2.20","source":"べんきょうしない日は 土曜日だけですか。","translation":"Is Saturday the only day you do not study?","reading":"べんきょうしないひはどようびだけですか。","words":[{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"土曜","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"どよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"び"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt2.20.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt2.21","source":"土曜日に りはつ屋に 行きますか。","translation":"Do you go to the barber shop on Saturdays?","reading":"どようびにりはつやにいきますか。","words":[{"text":"土曜","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"どよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"び"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"り","gloss":"barber shop"},{"text":"はつ","gloss":"barber shop"},{"text":"屋","gloss":"barber shop","reading":"や"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt2.21.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt2.22","source":"夕はんを 食べるのは 六時ですか。","translation":"Do you eat dinner at six?","reading":"ゆうはんをたべるのはろくじですか。","words":[{"text":"夕はん","gloss":"dinner","reading":"ゆうはん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six o'clock","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"時","gloss":"six o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt2.22.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"word":"だけ","gloss":"only, just (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Expectations from known facts · Pattern 3 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"An expectation from information","paragraphs":["*スミスさんも 行ける はずです* means \"Mr. Smith is supposed to be able to go, too.\" *はずです* presents the expectation.","*この 映画は おもしろい はずです* applies the same form to an expected quality of the film."]},{"title":"The reason supports the conclusion","paragraphs":["*田中さんは えい語を 六年 べんきょうしたのですから、 上手な はずです* gives six years of study as the reason for the expectation.","The conclusion is that Mr. Tanaka should be good at English."]}],"lines":[{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt3.m1","source":"スミスさんも 行ける はずです。","translation":"Mr. Smith is supposed to be able to go, too.","reading":"スミスさんもいけるはずです。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"行ける","gloss":"can go","reading":"いける"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"supposed to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt3.m1.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt3.01","source":"この 映画は おもしろい はずです。","translation":"This movie is supposed to be interesting.","reading":"このえいがはおもしろいはずです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おもしろい","gloss":"interesting"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"supposed to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt3.01.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt3.02","source":"あの方は 日本語が 上手な はずです。","translation":"He is supposed to be good in Japanese.","reading":"あのかたはにほんごがじょうずなはずです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good at","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"な","gloss":"being"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"supposed to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt3.02.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt3.03","source":"さくらの 花は 四月の 始めに さく はずです。","translation":"The cherry blossoms are supposed to bloom at the beginning of April.","reading":"さくらのはなはしがつのはじめにさくはずです。","words":[{"text":"さくら","gloss":"cherry"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"花","gloss":"blossoms","reading":"はな"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"四","gloss":"April"},{"text":"月","gloss":"April"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"始め","gloss":"beginning","reading":"はじめ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"さく","gloss":"bloom"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"supposed to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt3.03.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt3.04","source":"この学校は 八時に 始まる はずです。","translation":"This school is supposed to start at eight o’clock.","reading":"このがっこうははちじにはじまるはずです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eight o'clock","reading":"はち"},{"text":"時","gloss":"eight o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"始まる","gloss":"start","reading":"はじまる"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"supposed to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt3.04.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt3.05","source":"スミスさんは 日本語が わかる はずです。","translation":"Mr. Smith should understand Japanese.","reading":"スミスさんはにほんごがわかるはずです。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"わかる","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"should"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt3.05.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt3.06","source":"この かきは まだ 青いから、 まずい はずです。","translation":"This persimmon is still green, so it should taste bad.","reading":"このかきはまだあおいから、まずいはずです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"かき","gloss":"persimmon"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"青い","gloss":"green","reading":"あおい"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"まずい","gloss":"taste bad"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"should"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt3.06.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt3.07","source":"田中さんは えい語を 六年 べんきょうしたのですから、 上手な はずです。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka studied English for six years, so he should be good at it.","reading":"たなかさんはえいごをろくねんべんきょうしたのですから、じょうずなはずです。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"えい語","gloss":"English"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six years","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"年","gloss":"six years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact that"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good at","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"な","gloss":"being"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"should"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt3.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"さくら","gloss":"cherry (flower)"},{"word":"さく","gloss":"to bloom (v.i.)"},{"word":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"word":"かき","gloss":"persimmon"},{"word":"まずい","gloss":"poor, tasteless"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Drawing likely conclusions · Pattern 3 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A reason before the expectation","paragraphs":["*雪が 降っているから、 さむい はずです* means \"It is snowing, so it must be cold.\"","The clause before *から* gives the reason. The clause with *はずです* gives the expected conclusion."]},{"title":"Expectation against observation","paragraphs":["*今日は 日が よく てっているから、 あったかい はずですが、 さむいですね* expects warmth from the sunshine, then reports cold.","The next line attributes the result to the cold wind."]}],"lines":[{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt3.08","source":"雪が 降っているから、 さむい はずです。","translation":"It is snowing, so it must be cold.","reading":"ゆきがふっているから、さむいはずです。","words":[{"text":"雪","gloss":"snow","reading":"ゆき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降っ","gloss":"is snowing","reading":"ふっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is snowing"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is snowing"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"must be"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt3.08.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt3.09","source":"パーカーさんは あまり 食べませんね。","translation":"Mr. Parker does not eat very much, does he?","reading":"パーカーさんはあまりたべませんね。","words":[{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt3.09.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt3.10","source":"ええ、 体が 大きいから、 よく 食べる はずですがね。","translation":"No, but he is big, so he ought to eat a lot.","reading":"ええ、からだがおおきいから、よくたべるはずですがね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"体","gloss":"body","reading":"からだ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"a lot"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"ought to"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt3.10.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt3.11","source":"スミスさんの 奥さんは すきやきが 好きだ そうですね。","translation":"I hear that Mrs. Smith likes sukiyaki.","reading":"スミスさんのおくさんはすきやきがすきだそうですね。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"すきやき","gloss":"sukiyaki"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"likes","reading":"すき"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt3.11.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt3.12","source":"好きな はずですよ。 日本に 長い 間 居た のですから。","translation":"She ought to like it, since she lived in Japan for a long time.","reading":"すきなはずですよ。にほんにながいあいだいたのですから。","words":[{"text":"好き","gloss":"likes","reading":"すき"},{"text":"な","gloss":"being"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"ought to"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"長い","gloss":"long"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time"},{"text":"居","gloss":"lived"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact that"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt3.12.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt3.13","source":"今日は 日が よく てっているから、 あったかい はずですが、 さむいですね。","translation":"The sun is shining brightly today, so it ought to be warm, but it is cold, isn’t it?","reading":"きょうはひがよくてっているから、あったかいはずですが、さむいですね。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日","gloss":"sun","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"brightly"},{"text":"てっ","gloss":"is shining"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is shining"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is shining"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"あったかい","gloss":"warm"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"ought to"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt3.13.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt3.14","source":"風が つめたいからでしょう。","translation":"It is probably because the wind is cold.","reading":"かぜがつめたいからでしょう。","words":[{"text":"風","gloss":"wind","reading":"かぜ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"つめたい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt3.14.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt3.15","source":"五時間 働くと、 おなかが すきます。","translation":"When I work for five hours, I get hungry.","reading":"ごじかんはたらくと、おなかがすきます。","words":[{"text":"五","gloss":"five hours","reading":"ご"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"five hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"働く","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらく"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"おなか","gloss":"stomach"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"すき","gloss":"get hungry"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt3.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"雪","gloss":"snow"},{"word":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"すきやき","gloss":"SUKIYAKI"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"あったかい","gloss":"warm"},{"word":"つめたい","gloss":"cold (not weather)"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"時間","gloss":"hour, time"},{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"おなか","gloss":"stomach"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Reasons for expected outcomes · Pattern 3 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Facts that support expectations","paragraphs":["*四月の 半ばには、 しもは 降りません* means \"There is no frost in the middle of April.\" This timing supports an expected conclusion about frost.","*レモンは 日本では 作りませんから、 高いです* gives production as the reason that lemons are expensive."]},{"title":"Schedules and availability","paragraphs":["*二時半に バスが ここを 通ります* supplies a scheduled time. A schedule can support an expected conclusion.","*それは あの店で 売っています* supplies a place of sale for another expected conclusion."]}],"lines":[{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt3.16","source":"四月の 半ばには、 しもは 降りません。","translation":"There is no frost in the middle of April.","reading":"しがつのなかばには、しもはふりません。","words":[{"text":"四","gloss":"April"},{"text":"月","gloss":"April"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"半ば","gloss":"middle","reading":"なかば"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"しも","gloss":"frost"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"fall","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt3.16.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt3.17","source":"レモンは 日本では 作りませんから、 高いです。","translation":"Lemons are not grown in Japan, so they are expensive.","reading":"レモンはにほんではつくりませんから、たかいです。","words":[{"text":"レモン","gloss":"lemon"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"作り","gloss":"grow","reading":"つくり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt3.17.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt3.18","source":"れんしゅうしないのですから、 下手ですよ。","translation":"You do not practice, so you are not good at it.","reading":"れんしゅうしないのですから、へたですよ。","words":[{"text":"れんしゅう","gloss":"practice"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"下手","gloss":"unskilled","reading":"へた"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt3.18.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt3.19","source":"二時半に バスが ここを 通ります。","translation":"A bus passes here at two thirty.","reading":"にじはんにバスがここをとおります。","words":[{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"半","gloss":"half past","reading":"はん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"バス","gloss":"bus"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"を","gloss":"through"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"pass","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt3.19.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt3.20","source":"明後日は パーカーさんが 来ます。","translation":"Mr. Parker is coming the day after tomorrow.","reading":"あさってはパーカーさんがきます。","words":[{"text":"明後日","gloss":"day after tomorrow"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt3.20.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt3.21","source":"それは あの店で 売っています。","translation":"They sell that at that store.","reading":"それはあのみせでうっています。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"店","gloss":"store","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"売っ","gloss":"sell","reading":"うっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"sell"},{"text":"い","gloss":"sell"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"sell"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt3.21.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"半ば","gloss":"middle, halfway"},{"word":"は、","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"しも","gloss":"frost"},{"word":"れんしゅう","gloss":"practice, drill"},{"word":"下手","gloss":"unskilled, poor in doing things"},{"word":"バス","gloss":"bus"},{"word":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"word":"通り","gloss":"street"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Acting without prior steps · Pattern 4 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"An omitted prior action","paragraphs":["*今朝 朝めしを 食べずに 学校に 来ました* means \"I came to school this morning without eating breakfast.\"","The action before *ずに* is omitted before the action that occurs."]},{"title":"The form with する","paragraphs":["*よしゅうせずに 学校に 来る 生徒は 居ません* means \"There are no students who come to school without preparing their lessons.\"","The irregular form from *する* is *せずに*."]}],"lines":[{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.m1","source":"今晩 わすれずに 切ぷを 買っておきます。","translation":"I'll buy tickets tonight without fail.","reading":"ばんわすれずにきっぷをかっておきます。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight"},{"text":"わすれ","gloss":"forget"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"without"},{"text":"に","gloss":"while"},{"text":"切","gloss":"tickets","reading":"きっ"},{"text":"ぷ","gloss":"tickets"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy in advance","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"buy in advance"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"buy in advance"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.m1.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.01","source":"よしゅうせずに 学校に 来る 生徒は 居ません。","translation":"There are no students who come to school without preparing their lessons.","reading":"よしゅうせずにがっこうにくるせいとはいません。","words":[{"text":"よ","gloss":"prepare lessons"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"prepare lessons"},{"text":"せ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"without"},{"text":"に","gloss":"while"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"come","reading":"くる"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"居","gloss":"exist","reading":"い"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.01.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.02","source":"今朝 朝めしを 食べずに 学校に 来ました。","translation":"I came to school this morning without eating breakfast.","reading":"けさあさめしをたべずにがっこうにきました。","words":[{"text":"今朝","gloss":"this morning","reading":"けさ"},{"text":"朝めし","gloss":"breakfast","reading":"あさめし"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"without"},{"text":"に","gloss":"while"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.02.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.03","source":"ぼうしを かぶらずに 外へ 出てはいけません。","translation":"You must not go outside without wearing a hat.","reading":"ぼうしをかぶらずにそとへでてはいけません。","words":[{"text":"ぼうし","gloss":"hat"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かぶら","gloss":"wear"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"without"},{"text":"に","gloss":"while"},{"text":"外","gloss":"outside","reading":"そと"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"出","gloss":"go outside","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go outside"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"must not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.03.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.04","source":"あんまり あそばずに 時々 べんきょうしなさい。","translation":"Do not play too much; study once in a while.","reading":"あんまりあそばずにときどきべんきょうしなさい。","words":[{"text":"あんまり","gloss":"too much"},{"text":"あそば","gloss":"play"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"not"},{"text":"に","gloss":"while"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"command"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.04.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.05","source":"かん字は 書かずに おぼえる 事は 出来ません。","translation":"You cannot learn kanji without writing them.","reading":"かんじはかかずにおぼえることはできません。","words":[{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"書か","gloss":"write","reading":"かか"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"without"},{"text":"に","gloss":"while"},{"text":"おぼえる","gloss":"memorize"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.05.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.06","source":"きょうしつの まどを しめずに 帰ってはいけませんよ。","translation":"You must not go home without closing the classroom windows.","reading":"きょうしつのまどをしめずにかえってはいけませんよ。","words":[{"text":"きょうしつ","gloss":"classroom"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"まど","gloss":"windows"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"しめ","gloss":"close"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"without"},{"text":"に","gloss":"while"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"go home","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go home"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"must not"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.06.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.07","source":"はい、 まどを しめて 帰ります。","translation":"All right, I will close the windows before I go home.","reading":"はい、まどをしめてかえります。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"まど","gloss":"windows"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"しめ","gloss":"close"},{"text":"て","gloss":"close"},{"text":"帰り","gloss":"go home","reading":"かえり"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"しゅう","gloss":"state"},{"word":"朝めし","gloss":"breakfast"},{"word":"時々","gloss":"sometimes, occasionally"},{"word":"おぼえる","gloss":"to memorize, remember (v.t.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Missing steps and consequences · Pattern 4 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"An omitted step and its result","paragraphs":["*明りを つけずに べんきょうすると、 目に 悪いですよ* means \"Studying without turning on the light is bad for your eyes.\"","The action before *ずに* is omitted. The rest states what follows."]},{"title":"One action instead of another","paragraphs":["*私は 映画に 行かずに べんきょうしました* means \"I studied instead of going to a movie.\"","Here *ずに* contrasts the omitted trip with the studying that occurred."]}],"lines":[{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.08","source":"明りを つけずに べんきょうすると、 目に 悪いですよ。","translation":"Studying without turning on the light is bad for your eyes.","reading":"あかりをつけずにべんきょうすると、めにわるいですよ。","words":[{"text":"明り","gloss":"light","reading":"あかり"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つけ","gloss":"turn on"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"without"},{"text":"に","gloss":"while"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"目","gloss":"eyes","reading":"め"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.08.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.09","source":"はい、 明りを つけて べんきょうします。","translation":"All right, I will turn on the light when I study.","reading":"はい、あかりをつけてべんきょうします。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"明り","gloss":"light","reading":"あかり"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つけ","gloss":"turn on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"turn on"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.09.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.10","source":"あなたは 今朝 ひげを そらずに 学校に 来たんですね。","translation":"You came to school this morning without shaving, didn’t you?","reading":"あなたはけさひげをそらずにがっこうにきたんですね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今朝","gloss":"this morning","reading":"けさ"},{"text":"ひげ","gloss":"beard"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"そら","gloss":"shave"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"without"},{"text":"に","gloss":"while"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.10.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.11","source":"ええ、 おそく おきましたから。","translation":"Yes, because I got up late.","reading":"ええ、おそくおきましたから。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"おそく","gloss":"late"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.11.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.12","source":"私は","translation":"I","reading":"わたくしは","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.12.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.13","source":"映画に 行く","translation":"go to a movie","reading":"えいがにいく","words":[{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.13.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.14","source":"べんきょうする","translation":"study","reading":"べんきょうする","words":[{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.14.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.15","source":"私は 映画に 行かずに べんきょうしました。","translation":"I studied instead of going to a movie.","reading":"わたくしはえいがにいかずにべんきょうしました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"without"},{"text":"に","gloss":"instead"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"明り","gloss":"light"},{"word":"おそく","gloss":"late (adverbial form of OSOI, be late, be slow)"},{"word":"から。","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Meals, study and planting · Pattern 4 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"A meal omitted before work","paragraphs":["*食事を する* means \"eats a meal.\" *一日中 働いています* means \"is working all day.\"","The first action changes to the form for \"without\" before the action that occurs. The completed contrast describes working all day without eating a meal."]},{"title":"Study omitted before school","paragraphs":["*昨晩 べんきょうしませんでした* means \"did not study last night.\" *学校へ 行きました* means \"went to school.\"","Their completed contrast says Mr. Tanaka went to school without studying the previous night."]}],"lines":[{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.16","source":"あの方は","translation":"That person","reading":"あのかたは","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.16.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.17","source":"食事を する。","translation":"eats a meal.","reading":"しょくじをする。","words":[{"text":"食事","gloss":"meal","reading":"しょくじ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する。","gloss":"eat"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.17.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.18","source":"一日中 働いています。","translation":"is working all day.","reading":"いちにちじゅうはたらいています。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"all day"},{"text":"日","gloss":"all day"},{"text":"中","gloss":"all day"},{"text":"働い","gloss":"is working"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is working"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is working"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is working"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.18.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.19","source":"田中さんは","translation":"Mr. Tanaka","reading":"たなかさんは","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.19.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.20","source":"昨晩 べんきょうしませんでした。","translation":"did not study last night.","reading":"さくばんべんきょうしませんでした。","words":[{"text":"昨晩","gloss":"last night","reading":"さくばん"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"did not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"did not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"did not, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.20.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.21","source":"学校へ 行きました。","translation":"went to school.","reading":"がっこうへいきました。","words":[{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.21.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.22","source":"その花は","translation":"That flower","reading":"そのはなは","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"花","gloss":"flower","reading":"はな"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.22.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.23","source":"ここに うえます。","translation":"I will plant it here.","reading":"ここにうえます。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"うえ","gloss":"plant"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.23.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"一","gloss":"one"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Buying, browsing and walking · Pattern 4 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Buying through another person","paragraphs":["*それを 買います* means \"will buy it.\" *田村さんに 買ってもらいます* means \"will have Mr. Tamura buy it for me.\"","The first action takes *ずに* when omitted. The second action states what occurs instead."]},{"title":"Walking without looking","paragraphs":["*いそぐ 時には 店の中を* begins with \"When you are in a hurry, through the store.\" *見ます* and *歩きましょう* supply the two actions.","The completed contrast proposes walking without looking through the store when someone is in a hurry."]}],"lines":[{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.24","source":"そこに うえてください。","translation":"Please plant it there.","reading":"そこにうえてください。","words":[{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"うえ","gloss":"plant"},{"text":"て","gloss":"plant"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.24.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.25","source":"私は","translation":"I","reading":"わたくしは","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.25.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.26","source":"それを 買います。","translation":"will buy it.","reading":"それをかいます。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"it"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.26.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.27","source":"田村さんに 買ってもらいます。","translation":"will have Mr. Tamura buy it for me.","reading":"たむらさんにかってもらいます。","words":[{"text":"田村","gloss":"Tamura","reading":"たむら"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"buy"},{"text":"もらい","gloss":"have done for me"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.27.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.28","source":"いそぐ 時には 店の中を","translation":"When you are in a hurry, through the store","reading":"いそぐときにはみせのなかを","words":[{"text":"いそぐ","gloss":"hurry"},{"text":"時","gloss":"when","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"店","gloss":"store","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中","gloss":"inside","reading":"なか"},{"text":"を","gloss":"through"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.28.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.29","source":"見ます。","translation":"look.","reading":"みます。","words":[{"text":"見","gloss":"look","reading":"み"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.29.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L042.pt4.30","source":"歩きましょう、","translation":"Let’s walk,","reading":"あるきましょう、","words":[{"text":"歩き","gloss":"walk","reading":"あるき"},{"text":"ましょう、","gloss":"let's"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.pt4.30.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"word":"ましょう、","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Studying through historical films · Reading Selection 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A preference for historical films","paragraphs":["The narrator has studied Japanese for three months and can speak a little. Mr. Tanaka took the narrator to a Japanese film.","*現代物より 時代物の方が おもしろい* presents historical films as more interesting than modern films."]},{"title":"Old stories and popularity","paragraphs":["*米国でも、 むかしの 話を 映画にしたのは いつも 人気が あります* says films from old stories are always popular in the United States.","The Japanese in historical films differs slightly from the Japanese the narrator studies."]}],"lines":[{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L042.rd.001","source":"私は もう 三か月 日本語を べんきょうしていますから、 少し 日本語で 話す事が 出来ます。","translation":"I have been studying Japanese for three months now, so I can speak a little Japanese.","reading":"わたくしはもうさんかげつにほんごをべんきょうしていますから、すこしにほんごではなすことができます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"now"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three"},{"text":"か月","gloss":"months"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"have been studying"},{"text":"し","gloss":"have been studying"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have been studying"},{"text":"い","gloss":"have been studying"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"have been studying"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"話す","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなす"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L042.rd.002","source":"この間 私は 田中さんに あんないしてもらって 日本映画を 見に 行きました。","translation":"The other day, Mr. Tanaka took me to see a Japanese movie.","reading":"このあいだわたくしはたなかさんにあんないしてもらってにほんえいがをみにいきました。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"the other day"},{"text":"間","gloss":"the other day","reading":"あいだ"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"あんない","gloss":"took me"},{"text":"し","gloss":"took me"},{"text":"て","gloss":"took me"},{"text":"もらっ","gloss":"took me"},{"text":"て","gloss":"took me"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L042.rd.003","source":"現代物より 時代物の方が おもしろいと 思って 時代げきの方を 見ました。","translation":"I thought period films were more interesting than modern films, so I watched the period film.","reading":"げんだいものよりじだいもののほうがおもしろいとおもってじだいげきのほうをみました。","words":[{"text":"現代","gloss":"modern films","reading":"げんだい"},{"text":"物","gloss":"modern films","reading":"もの"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"時代","gloss":"period films","reading":"じだい"},{"text":"物","gloss":"period films","reading":"もの"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"one","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"おもしろい","gloss":"interesting"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"thought","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"thought"},{"text":"時代","gloss":"period film","reading":"じだい"},{"text":"げき","gloss":"period film"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"one","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"watch","reading":"み"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L042.rd.004","source":"私は れきしてきな 映画が 大好きです。","translation":"I like historical movies very much.","reading":"わたくしはれきしてきなえいががだいすきです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"れきし","gloss":"historical"},{"text":"てき","gloss":"historical"},{"text":"な","gloss":"historical"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大好き","gloss":"like very much","reading":"だいすき"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L042.rd.005","source":"米国でも、 むかしの 話を 映画にしたのは いつも 人気が あります。","translation":"Movies based on old stories are always popular in the United States, too.","reading":"べいこくでも、むかしのはなしをえいがにしたのはいつもにんきがあります。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"too"},{"text":"むかし","gloss":"old"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"話","gloss":"stories","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"し","gloss":"make"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"人気","gloss":"popularity","reading":"にんき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L042.rd.006","source":"時代げきで 使っている 日本語は 私たちが 習っている 日本語とは 少しちがいます。","translation":"The Japanese used in period films is a little different from the Japanese we are learning.","reading":"じだいげきでつかっているにほんごはわたくしたちがならっているにほんごとはすこしちがいます。","words":[{"text":"時代","gloss":"period films","reading":"じだい"},{"text":"げき","gloss":"period films"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"使っ","gloss":"used","reading":"つかっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"used"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"used"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"たくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"we"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"are learning","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are learning"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are learning"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"と","gloss":"from"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"ちがい","gloss":"different"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L042.rd.007","source":"来週の 土曜日には 現代物の 映画が モンテレーに 来ます。","translation":"A modern-day movie is coming to Monterey next Saturday.","reading":"らいしゅうのどようびにはげんだいもののえいががモンテレーにきます。","words":[{"text":"来週","gloss":"next week","reading":"らいしゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"土曜","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"どよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"び"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"現代","gloss":"modern movie","reading":"げんだい"},{"text":"物","gloss":"modern movie","reading":"もの"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.rd.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"},{"word":"げき","gloss":"play, drama"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Planning for a popular film · Reading Selection 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A plan with a condition","paragraphs":["*とくべつの 用事が なければ 見に 行く つもりです* states the intention to attend if there is nothing special to do.","The ticket costs one dollar and fifty cents. The film won an award, so the narrator expects it to be good."]},{"title":"A companion and an early arrival","paragraphs":["*山本さんも 行けるはずです* presents the expectation that Mr. Yamamoto can go. The narrator has made inviting him and going together a settled plan.","Without advance sales or reservations, the narrator plans to arrive at least thirty minutes before the showing."]}],"lines":[{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L042.rd.008","source":"とくべつの 用事が なければ 見に 行く つもりです。","translation":"If I do not have anything special to do, I intend to go see it.","reading":"とくべつのようじがなければみにいくつもりです。","words":[{"text":"とくべつ","gloss":"special"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"用事","gloss":"business","reading":"ようじ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"if none"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if none"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intention"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L042.rd.009","source":"又 その晩は","translation":"Also, that evening","reading":"またそのばんは","words":[{"text":"又","gloss":"also","reading":"また"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"晩","gloss":"evening","reading":"ばん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L042.rd.010","source":"山本さんも 行けるはずですから、山本さんを さそって 一しょに 行く 事にしています。","translation":"Mr. Yamamoto should be able to go too, so I have decided to invite him and go with him.","reading":"やまもとさんもいけるはずですから、やまもとさんをさそっていっしょにいくことにしています。","words":[{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"行ける","gloss":"can go","reading":"いける"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"should"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"さそっ","gloss":"invite"},{"text":"て","gloss":"invite"},{"text":"一しょ","gloss":"together","reading":"いっしょ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"し","gloss":"have decided"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have decided"},{"text":"い","gloss":"have decided"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"have decided"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"ja.dli.L042.rd.011","source":"入場けんは 一ドル五十セントですから、安くは ありません。","translation":"Admission is one dollar and fifty cents, so it is not cheap.","reading":"にゅうじょうけんはいちドルごじゅうセントですから、やすくはありません。","words":[{"text":"入場","gloss":"admission ticket","reading":"にゅうじょう"},{"text":"けん","gloss":"admission ticket"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"ドル","gloss":"dollar"},{"text":"五十","gloss":"fifty","reading":"ごじゅう"},{"text":"セント","gloss":"cents"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"安く","gloss":"cheap","reading":"やすく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"ja.dli.L042.rd.012","source":"しかし、 その 映画は ヴェニスの 映画さいで、しょうを もらった 映画ですから、いい物だと 思います。","translation":"However, the movie won an award at the Venice Film Festival, so I think it is a good one.","reading":"しかし、そのえいがはヴェニスのえいがさいで、しょうをもらったえいがですから、いいものだとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ヴェニス","gloss":"Venice"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"film festival","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"さい","gloss":"film festival"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"at"},{"text":"しょう","gloss":"award"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もらっ","gloss":"receive"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"物","gloss":"one","reading":"もの"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.rd.012.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"ja.dli.L042.rd.013","source":"た分 大ぜいの 人が 見に 行くでしょうから、早く 行かなければ、ざせきが ないかも 知れません。","translation":"There will probably be a lot of people going to see it, so if we don't go early, there may not be any seats.","reading":"たぶんおおぜいのひとがみにいくでしょうから、はやくいかなければ、ざせきがないかもしれません。","words":[{"text":"た","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"分","gloss":"probably","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"大ぜい","gloss":"many","reading":"おおぜい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"ざせき","gloss":"seats"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"none"},{"text":"か","gloss":"perhaps"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"may","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"may"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"may"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.rd.013.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"ja.dli.L042.rd.014","source":"その 映画の きっぷは 前売りを しないし、ざせきの よやくも 出来ないのですから、上映 三十分 前には 行かなければ、せきが ないかも 知れません。","translation":"They do not sell advance tickets for that movie, and seats cannot be reserved, so if we do not get there thirty minutes before the showing, there may not be any seats.","reading":"そのえいがのきっぷはまえうりをしないし、ざせきのよやくもできないのですから、じょうえいさんじゅっぷんまえにはいかなければ、せきがないかもしれません。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"きっぷ","gloss":"tickets"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"前売り","gloss":"advance sale","reading":"まえうり"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ざせき","gloss":"seats"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よ","gloss":"reservation"},{"text":"やく","gloss":"reservation"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"上映","gloss":"showing"},{"text":"三十","gloss":"thirty"},{"text":"分","gloss":"minutes"},{"text":"前","gloss":"before"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"せき","gloss":"seats"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"none"},{"text":"か","gloss":"perhaps"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"may","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"may"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"may"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.rd.014.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ドル","gloss":"dollar"},{"word":"五十","gloss":"50"},{"word":"しかし、","gloss":"however, but"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"しょう","gloss":"award, reward"},{"word":"大ぜい","gloss":"crowd (of people)"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ざせき","gloss":"seats"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"やく","gloss":"approximately (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"三十","gloss":"30"},{"word":"前","gloss":"before, front"},{"word":"せき","gloss":"seat"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Questions about historical films · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Study, films, and the next plan","paragraphs":["The questions ask how long the narrator studied, which film was seen, and how historical films differ from modern films.","*時代げきは 米国では 人気が ありませんか* asks whether period dramas are unpopular in the United States. An answer gives the passage's fact about their popularity.","*私は 来週の 土曜日には どうするつもりですか* asks for the narrator's intended action next Saturday."]}],"lines":[{"number":159,"id":"ja.dli.L042.q.001","source":"私は 何か月ぐらい 日本語を べんきょうしていますか。","translation":"About how many months have I been studying Japanese?","reading":"わたくしはなんかげつぐらいにほんごをべんきょうしていますか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many months","reading":"なん"},{"text":"か月","gloss":"how many months","reading":"かげつ"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"べんきょう","gloss":"have been studying"},{"text":"し","gloss":"have been studying"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have been studying"},{"text":"い","gloss":"have been studying"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"have been studying"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.q.001.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"ja.dli.L042.q.002","source":"私は 日本語を 話すのが 上手ですか。","translation":"Am I good at speaking Japanese?","reading":"わたくしはにほんごをはなすのがじょうずですか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"話す","gloss":"speaking","reading":"はなす"},{"text":"の","gloss":"speaking"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good at","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.q.002.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"ja.dli.L042.q.003","source":"この間 だれが 私を 映画に あんないしましたか。","translation":"Who took me to the movies the other day?","reading":"このあいだだれがわたくしをえいがにあんないしましたか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"the other day"},{"text":"間","gloss":"the other day"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"私","gloss":"me","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"あんない","gloss":"took"},{"text":"し","gloss":"took"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"took"},{"text":"た","gloss":"took"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.q.003.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"ja.dli.L042.q.004","source":"その時 見たのは 現代物でしたか、 時代物でしたか。","translation":"Was the movie I saw then a modern-day film or a period film?","reading":"そのときみたのはげんだいものでしたか、じだいものでしたか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"then"},{"text":"時","gloss":"then","reading":"とき"},{"text":"見","gloss":"saw","reading":"み"},{"text":"た","gloss":"saw"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"現代","gloss":"modern-day film","reading":"げんだい"},{"text":"物","gloss":"modern-day film","reading":"もの"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"question"},{"text":"時代","gloss":"period film","reading":"じだい"},{"text":"物","gloss":"period film","reading":"もの"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.q.004.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"ja.dli.L042.q.005","source":"時代げきは れきしてきな げきですか。","translation":"Is a period drama a historical drama?","reading":"じだいげきはれきしてきなげきですか。","words":[{"text":"時代","gloss":"period drama","reading":"じだい"},{"text":"げき","gloss":"period drama"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"れきし","gloss":"historical"},{"text":"てき","gloss":"historical"},{"text":"な","gloss":"historical"},{"text":"げき","gloss":"drama"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.q.005.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"ja.dli.L042.q.006","source":"時代げきは 米国では 人気が ありませんか。","translation":"Are period dramas unpopular in the United States?","reading":"じだいげきはべいこくではにんきがありませんか。","words":[{"text":"時代","gloss":"period dramas","reading":"じだい"},{"text":"げき","gloss":"period dramas"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"人気","gloss":"popularity","reading":"にんき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"not popular"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not popular"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not popular"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.q.006.m4a"},{"number":165,"id":"ja.dli.L042.q.007","source":"私の 学校で おしえている 日本語と 時代げきで 使う 日本語は 同じですか。","translation":"Is the Japanese taught at my school the same as the Japanese used in period dramas?","reading":"わたくしのがっこうでおしえているにほんごとじだいげきでつかうにほんごはおなじですか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"my","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"おしえ","gloss":"taught"},{"text":"て","gloss":"taught"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"taught"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"時代","gloss":"period dramas","reading":"じだい"},{"text":"げき","gloss":"period dramas"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"使う","gloss":"used"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"同じ","gloss":"the same","reading":"おなじ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.q.007.m4a"},{"number":166,"id":"ja.dli.L042.q.008","source":"私は 来週の 土曜日には どうするつもりですか。","translation":"What do I plan to do next Saturday?","reading":"わたくしはらいしゅうのどようびにはどうするつもりですか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"来週","gloss":"next week","reading":"らいしゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"土曜","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"どよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"び"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"plan"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.q.008.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"だれ","gloss":"who?"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Tickets, awards and reservations · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The facts behind the film plan","paragraphs":["The questions ask about the expected companion, ticket price, award, advance sales, reserved seats, and intended attendance.","*その日には 山本さんも 行けるはずですか* asks whether Mr. Yamamoto is expected to go. An answer confirms or denies that expectation.","*外の 用事が あっても、 私は その映画に 行くつもりですか* asks whether the narrator still intends to attend when another engagement exists."]}],"lines":[{"number":167,"id":"ja.dli.L042.q.009","source":"その日には 山本さんも 行けるはずですか。","translation":"Is Mr. Yamamoto supposed to be able to go that day too?","reading":"そのひにはやまもとさんもいけるはずですか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"行ける","gloss":"can go","reading":"いける"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"supposed to"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.q.009.m4a"},{"number":168,"id":"ja.dli.L042.q.010","source":"入場けんは いくらですか。","translation":"How much is an admission ticket?","reading":"にゅうじょうけんはいくらですか。","words":[{"text":"入場","gloss":"admission ticket","reading":"にゅうじょう"},{"text":"けん","gloss":"admission ticket"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いくら","gloss":"how much"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.q.010.m4a"},{"number":169,"id":"ja.dli.L042.q.011","source":"今度の 映画は どこで しょうを もらいましたか。","translation":"Where did this movie win an award?","reading":"こんどのえいがはどこでしょうをもらいましたか。","words":[{"text":"今度","gloss":"this","reading":"こんど"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"しょう","gloss":"award"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もらい","gloss":"won"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"won"},{"text":"た","gloss":"won"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.q.011.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"ja.dli.L042.q.012","source":"ざせきを よやくしておく 事が 出来ますか。","translation":"Can seats be reserved in advance?","reading":"ざせきをよやくしておくことができますか。","words":[{"text":"ざせき","gloss":"seats"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"よ","gloss":"reserve in advance"},{"text":"やくし","gloss":"reserve in advance"},{"text":"て","gloss":"reserve in advance"},{"text":"おく","gloss":"reserve in advance"},{"text":"事","gloss":"doing so","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"can"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.q.012.m4a"},{"number":171,"id":"ja.dli.L042.q.013","source":"入場けんの 前売りを していますか。","translation":"Are advance tickets being sold?","reading":"にゅうじょうけんのまえうりをしていますか。","words":[{"text":"入場","gloss":"admission tickets","reading":"にゅうじょう"},{"text":"けん","gloss":"admission tickets"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"前売り","gloss":"advance sale","reading":"まえうり"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"being sold"},{"text":"て","gloss":"being sold"},{"text":"い","gloss":"being sold"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"being sold"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.q.013.m4a"},{"number":172,"id":"ja.dli.L042.q.014","source":"私は その晩、 上映 何分 前に そこへ 行きたいと 思っていますか。","translation":"How many minutes before the showing do I hope to get there that evening?","reading":"わたくしはそのばん、じょうえいなんぷんまえにそこへいきたいとおもっていますか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"晩、","gloss":"evening"},{"text":"上映","gloss":"showing"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"分","gloss":"minutes"},{"text":"前","gloss":"before"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"get there","reading":"いき"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"am thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.q.014.m4a"},{"number":173,"id":"ja.dli.L042.q.015","source":"外の 用事が あっても、 私は その映画に 行くつもりですか。","translation":"Even if I have something else to do, do I plan to go see that movie?","reading":"ほかのようじがあっても、わたくしはそのえいがにいくつもりですか。","words":[{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"用事","gloss":"things to do","reading":"ようじ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"have"},{"text":"て","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go see","reading":"いく"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"plan"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.q.015.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"いくら","gloss":"how much? how many?"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Historical and modern film words · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Films and eras","paragraphs":["This field covers films, historical periods, events, releases, and personal business.","*時代物* means \"historical movie/play,\" while *現代物* means \"modern movie/play.\"","*時代* means \"era, period.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":174,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.001","source":"映画","translation":"movie","reading":"えいが","words":[{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.001.m4a"},{"number":175,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.002","source":"時代物","translation":"historical movie/play","reading":"じだいもの","words":[{"text":"時代物","gloss":"historical movie","reading":"じだいもの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.002.m4a"},{"number":176,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.003","source":"時代げき","translation":"historical movie/play","reading":"じだいげき","words":[{"text":"時代げき","gloss":"historical movie","reading":"じだいげき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.003.m4a"},{"number":177,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.004","source":"現代物","translation":"modern movie/play","reading":"げんだいもの","words":[{"text":"現代物","gloss":"modern movie","reading":"げんだいもの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.004.m4a"},{"number":178,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.005","source":"むかし","translation":"ancient, old","reading":"むかし","words":[{"text":"むかし","gloss":"ancient times"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.005.m4a"},{"number":179,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.006","source":"出来事","translation":"event, incident","reading":"できごと","words":[{"text":"出来事","gloss":"event","reading":"できごと"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.006.m4a"},{"number":180,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.007","source":"さむらい","translation":"warrior, SAMURAI","reading":"さむらい","words":[{"text":"さむらい","gloss":"samurai warrior"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.007.m4a"},{"number":181,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.008","source":"現代","translation":"present time, modern time","reading":"げんだい","words":[{"text":"現代","gloss":"modern times","reading":"げんだい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.008.m4a"},{"number":182,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.009","source":"時代","translation":"era, period","reading":"じだい","words":[{"text":"時代","gloss":"era","reading":"じだい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.009.m4a"},{"number":183,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.010","source":"ふう切り","translation":"release (film), first-run showing","reading":"ふうきり","words":[{"text":"ふう切り","gloss":"film release","reading":"ふうきり"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.010.m4a"},{"number":184,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.011","source":"げき","translation":"play, drama","reading":"げき","words":[{"text":"げき","gloss":"drama"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.011.m4a"},{"number":185,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.012","source":"用事","translation":"personal business","reading":"ようじ","words":[{"text":"用事","gloss":"personal business","reading":"ようじ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"時代物","gloss":"historical movie/play"},{"word":"時代げき","gloss":"historical movie/play"},{"word":"現代物","gloss":"modern movie/play"},{"word":"ふう切り","gloss":"release (film), first-run showing"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Cinema ticketing words · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"At the cinema","paragraphs":["This field covers popularity, tickets, advance sales, showings, seats, festivals, and awards.","*入場けん* means \"admission ticket,\" and *前売り* means \"advance sale.\"","*夜の部* means \"evening showing.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":186,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.013","source":"さしつかえ","translation":"hindrance, engagement","reading":"さしつかえ","words":[{"text":"さしつかえ","gloss":"hindrance"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.013.m4a"},{"number":187,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.014","source":"人気","translation":"popularity","reading":"にんき","words":[{"text":"人気","gloss":"popularity","reading":"にんき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.014.m4a"},{"number":188,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.015","source":"入場けん","translation":"admission ticket","reading":"にゅうじょうけん","words":[{"text":"入場けん","gloss":"admission ticket","reading":"にゅうじょうけん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.015.m4a"},{"number":189,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.016","source":"前売り","translation":"advance sale","reading":"まえうり","words":[{"text":"前売り","gloss":"advance sale","reading":"まえうり"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.016.m4a"},{"number":190,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.017","source":"夜の部","translation":"evening showing","reading":"よるのぶ","words":[{"text":"夜の部","gloss":"evening showing","reading":"よるのぶ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.017.m4a"},{"number":191,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.018","source":"ひるの部","translation":"matinee","reading":"ひるのぶ","words":[{"text":"ひるの部","gloss":"matinee","reading":"ひるのぶ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.018.m4a"},{"number":192,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.019","source":"ざせき","translation":"seats","reading":"ざせき","words":[{"text":"ざせき","gloss":"seats"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.019.m4a"},{"number":193,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.020","source":"上映","translation":"showing (movie)","reading":"じょうえい","words":[{"text":"上映","gloss":"movie showing","reading":"じょうえい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.020.m4a"},{"number":194,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.021","source":"映画さい","translation":"film festival","reading":"えいがさい","words":[{"text":"映画さい","gloss":"film festival","reading":"えいがさい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.021.m4a"},{"number":195,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.022","source":"しょう","translation":"award, reward","reading":"しょう","words":[{"text":"しょう","gloss":"award"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.022.m4a"},{"number":196,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.023","source":"あんないらん","translation":"classified ads column","reading":"あんないらん","words":[{"text":"あんないらん","gloss":"classified ads column"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.023.m4a"},{"number":197,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.024","source":"二本だて","translation":"double feature","reading":"にほんだて","words":[{"text":"二本だて","gloss":"double feature","reading":"にほんだて"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"入場けん","gloss":"admission ticket"},{"word":"夜の部","gloss":"evening showing"},{"word":"ひるの部","gloss":"matinee"},{"word":"映画さい","gloss":"film festival"},{"word":"あんないらん","gloss":"classified ads column"},{"word":"二本だて","gloss":"double feature"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Invitations and reservations vocabulary · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Planning with other people","paragraphs":["This field covers guiding, inviting, reserving, forgetting, asking, and intention.","*さそう* means \"to invite one to,\" and *よやくする* means \"to make reservation.\"","*--つもり* means \"intention.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":198,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.025","source":"こうこく","translation":"advertisement","reading":"こうこく","words":[{"text":"こうこく","gloss":"advertisement"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.025.m4a"},{"number":199,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.026","source":"あんないする","translation":"to guide, usher","reading":"あんないする","words":[{"text":"あんないする","gloss":"to guide"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.026.m4a"},{"number":200,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.027","source":"とりあつかう","translation":"to handle, deal with","reading":"とりあつかう","words":[{"text":"とりあつかう","gloss":"to handle"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.027.m4a"},{"number":201,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.028","source":"さそう","translation":"to invite one to ---, entice","reading":"さそう","words":[{"text":"さそう","gloss":"to invite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.028.m4a"},{"number":202,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.029","source":"よやくする","translation":"to make reservation","reading":"よやくする","words":[{"text":"よやくする","gloss":"to make reservations"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.029.m4a"},{"number":203,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.030","source":"わすれる","translation":"to forget","reading":"わすれる","words":[{"text":"わすれる","gloss":"to forget"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.030.m4a"},{"number":204,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.031","source":"ねがう","translation":"to beg, ask","reading":"ねがう","words":[{"text":"ねがう","gloss":"to ask"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.031.m4a"},{"number":205,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.032","source":"れきしてきな","translation":"historical","reading":"れきしてきな","words":[{"text":"れきしてきな","gloss":"historical"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.032.m4a"},{"number":206,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.033","source":"まず","translation":"first of all","reading":"まず","words":[{"text":"まず","gloss":"first of all"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.033.m4a"},{"number":207,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.034","source":"--つもり","translation":"intention","reading":"--つもり","words":[{"text":"--つもり","gloss":"intention"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.034.m4a"},{"number":208,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.035","source":"なんなら","translation":"if you don't mind, if it's all right with you","reading":"なんなら","words":[{"text":"なんなら","gloss":"if you don't mind"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.035.m4a"},{"number":209,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.036","source":"あいにく","translation":"unfortunately","reading":"あいにく","words":[{"text":"あいにく","gloss":"unfortunately"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.036.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"こうこく","gloss":"advertisement"},{"word":"あんないする","gloss":"to guide, usher"},{"word":"とりあつかう","gloss":"to handle, deal with"},{"word":"さそう","gloss":"to invite one to ---, entice"},{"word":"よやくする","gloss":"to make reservation"},{"word":"わすれる","gloss":"to forget"},{"word":"ねがう","gloss":"to beg, ask"},{"word":"れきしてきな","gloss":"historical"},{"word":"--つもり","gloss":"intention"},{"word":"なんなら","gloss":"if you don't mind, if it's all right with you"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Movie plans and popularity expressions · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Plans and descriptions","paragraphs":["This field covers decisions, expectations, omitted actions, and popularity.","*--にする* means \"to make it, decide on,\" and *わすれずに* means \"without forgetting.\"","*人気のある* means \"popular.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":210,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.037","source":"さしつかえ がある","translation":"to have a prior engagement","reading":"さしつかえがある","words":[{"text":"さしつかえがある","gloss":"have a prior engagement"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.037.m4a"},{"number":211,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.038","source":"--にする","translation":"to make it, decide on (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--にする","words":[{"text":"--にする","gloss":"decide on"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.038.m4a"},{"number":212,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.039","source":"はずです","translation":"is supposed to (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"はずです","words":[{"text":"はずです","gloss":"is supposed to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.039.m4a"},{"number":213,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.040","source":"わすれずに","translation":"without forgetting (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"わすれずに","words":[{"text":"わすれずに","gloss":"without forgetting"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.040.m4a"},{"number":214,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.041","source":"おねがいします","translation":"Please, will you please","reading":"おねがいします","words":[{"text":"おねがいします","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.041.m4a"},{"number":215,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.042","source":"人気のある","translation":"popular","reading":"にんきのある","words":[{"text":"人気のある","gloss":"popular","reading":"にんきのある"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.042.m4a"},{"number":216,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.043","source":"新聞の あんないらんに 映画の こうこくが 出ています。","translation":"Movie advertisements are in the classified advertisement column of the newspaper.","reading":"しんぶんのあんないらんにえいがのこうこくがでています。","words":[{"text":"新聞のあんないらんに映画のこうこくが出ています。","gloss":"movie ads are listed","reading":"しんぶんのあんないらんにえいがのこうこくがでています。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.043.m4a"},{"number":217,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.044","source":"時代物と 言うのは、 古い 時代の 出来事を 取りあつかった げきです。","translation":"Jidai-mono is a play that has taken up the incident of the ancient period.","reading":"じだいものというのは、ふるいじだいのできごとをとりあつかったげきです。","words":[{"text":"時代物と言うのは、古い時代の出来事を取りあつかったげきです。","gloss":"historical-period play","reading":"じだいものというのは、ふるいじだいのできごとをとりあつかったげきです。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.044.m4a"},{"number":218,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.045","source":"時代物は れきしてきな 映画です。","translation":"Jidai-mono is a historical play.","reading":"じだいものはれきしてきなえいがです。","words":[{"text":"時代物はれきしてきな映画です。","gloss":"historical play","reading":"じだいものはれきしてきなえいがです。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.045.m4a"},{"number":219,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.046","source":"この 映画は ヴェニスの 映画さいで しょうを もらいました。","translation":"This movie got an award at the Venice Film Festival.","reading":"このえいがはヴェニスのえいがさいでしょうをもらいました。","words":[{"text":"この映画はヴェニスの映画さいでしょうをもらいました。","gloss":"won a film award","reading":"このえいがはヴェニスのえいがさいでしょうをもらいました。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.046.m4a"},{"number":220,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.047","source":"今晩の 映画は 時代物と 現代物の 二本だてです。","translation":"Tonight's movie is a double feature of Jidai-mono and Gendai-mono.","reading":"こんばんのえいがはじだいものとげんだいもののにほんだてです。","words":[{"text":"今晩の映画は時代物と現代物の二本だてです。","gloss":"double feature tonight","reading":"こんばんのえいがはじだいものとげんだいもののにほんだてです。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.047.m4a"},{"number":221,"id":"ja.dli.L042.w.048","source":"ざせきを よやくして おきます。","translation":"I'll reserve the seats.","reading":"ざせきをよやくしておきます。","words":[{"text":"ざせきをよやくしておきます。","gloss":"reserve the seats"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L042.w.048.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"さしつかえがある","gloss":"to have a prior engagement"},{"word":"--にする","gloss":"to make it, decide on (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"はずです","gloss":"is supposed to (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"わすれずに","gloss":"without forgetting (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"おねがいします","gloss":"Please, will you please"},{"word":"人気のある","gloss":"popular"},{"word":"新聞のあんないらんに映画のこうこくが出ています。","gloss":"\"Movie advertisements are in the classified advertisement column of the newspaper.\""},{"word":"時代物と言うのは、古い時代の出来事を取りあつかったげきです。","gloss":"\"Jidai-mono is a play that has taken up the incident of the ancient period.\""},{"word":"時代物はれきしてきな映画です。","gloss":"\"Jidai-mono is a historical play.\""},{"word":"この映画はヴェニスの映画さいでしょうをもらいました。","gloss":"\"This movie got an award at the Venice Film Festival.\""},{"word":"今晩の映画は時代物と現代物の二本だてです。","gloss":"\"Tonight's movie is a double feature of Jidai-mono and Gendai-mono.\""},{"word":"ざせきをよやくしておきます。","gloss":"\"I'll reserve the seats.\""}],"paradigms":[]}]}