{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L043","title":"Lesson 43","stage":"Kanji and everyday Japanese","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 43: cinemas competing with television · dialogue 1 of 4, choosing films by their cast · dialogue 2 of 4, learning language from films · dialogue 3 of 4, films as cultural education · dialogue 4 of 4, recent spans of time · perception drill, informal plans and suggestions · perception drill, thinking about future actions · perception drill, describing newly acquired abilities · perception drill, acting with intentions and beliefs · perception drill, changes over recent periods · pattern 1 1 of 2, measuring recent changes · pattern 1 2 of 2, informal decisions and predictions · pattern 2 1 of 3, making plans for tonight · pattern 2 2 of 3, forming casual suggestions · pattern 2 3 of 3, thinking about future plans · pattern 3 1 of 2, comparing plans and intentions · pattern 3 2 of 2, describing newly formed habits · pattern 4 1 of 2, changes in habits over time · pattern 4 2 of 2, acting with an intention · pattern 5 1 of 2, asking someone's purpose · pattern 5 2 of 2, japan's growing film industry · reading selection 1 of 2, foreign films and television · reading selection 2 of 2, japanese films abroad · questions 1 of 2, foreign films and television audiences · questions 2 of 2, cinema and television words · word list 1 of 4, film people and customs · word list 2 of 4, words for change and intention · word list 3 of 4, describing film and television trends · word list 4 of 4.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/43","lines":204},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/42","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/44","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Cinemas competing with television · Dialogue 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Will cinemas keep growing","paragraphs":["Two people discuss Japan's many movie theaters and whether their number will increase.","One says, *日本には 映画館が 多いですね*, \"There are many movie theaters in Japan, aren't there?\""]},{"title":"The past one or two years","paragraphs":["*ここ一二年 あまり ふえていませんから* gives the reason: \"since they haven't increased in the past one or two years.\"","Here *ここ一二年* names the immediately recent period."]},{"title":"Kanji: 館","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L043.dlg.001","source":"日本には 映画館が 多いですね。","translation":"There are many movie theaters in Japan, aren't there?","reading":"にほんにはえいがかんがおおいですね。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie theater","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"館","gloss":"movie theater","reading":"かん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L043.dlg.002","source":"ええ、映画を 見に 行く 日本人が 多いからでしょう。","translation":"Yes, because there probably are many Japanese people who go to see movies.","reading":"ええ、えいがをみにいくにほんじんがおおいからでしょう。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese person"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese person"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L043.dlg.003","source":"まだ ふえるでしょうか。","translation":"Do you think they will increase.","reading":"まだふえるでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"ふえる","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L043.dlg.004","source":"さあ、 ここ一二年 あまり ふえていませんから、 今からは あまり ふえないと 思います。","translation":"Well, since they haven't increased in the past one or two years, I don't think they will increase much from now on.","reading":"さあ、ここいちにねんあまりふえていませんから、いまからはあまりふえないとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"さあ、","gloss":"well"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one or two","reading":"いち"},{"text":"二","gloss":"one or two","reading":"に"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"much"},{"text":"ふえ","gloss":"haven't increased"},{"text":"て","gloss":"haven't increased"},{"text":"い","gloss":"haven't increased"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"haven't increased"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"haven't increased"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"much"},{"text":"ふえ","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"think"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L043.dlg.005","source":"テレビが きゅうに 多くなったので、映画に 行く 人の かずが へるかも 知れませんね。","translation":"Moviegoers might decrease in number, because television has suddenly become popular, it seems.","reading":"テレビがきゅうにおおくなったので、えいがにいくひとのかずがへるかもしれませんね。","words":[{"text":"テレビ","gloss":"television"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"きゅう","gloss":"suddenly"},{"text":"に","gloss":"suddenly"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"became widespread","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became widespread"},{"text":"た","gloss":"became widespread"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"people's"},{"text":"かず","gloss":"number"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"へる","gloss":"might decrease"},{"text":"か","gloss":"might decrease"},{"text":"も","gloss":"might decrease"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"might decrease","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"might decrease"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"might decrease"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.dlg.005.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"KOKO ICHI NI NEN EIGA O MINI IKU HITO GA HERIMASHITA.\n\nQuite often, in expressions such as 'these two or three years,' Japanese uses KOKO instead of KONO. The period of time indicated may refer to a time immediately in the past or immediately in the future, depending on the tense of the final verb.\n\nKOKO NI SAN NICHI SAMUKATTA NODE, HOTONDO IE NO NAKA NI IMASHITA. \"Because it has been cold these past two or three days, I stayed in the house almost all the time.\"\n\nKOKO NI SAN NICHI NO AIDA NI TEGAMI GA KIMASEN DESHITARA ITTE MIMASU. \"If the letter does not come in (these) two or three days, I'll go to see him.\"\n\nKOKO NI SAN NICHI AME GA FUTTE TENKI GA WARUI DESU. \"It has been raining these two or three days and the weather has been bad.\""},{"section":2,"text":"MACHI E IKOO\n\nIn Lesson 27, the pattern verb + MASHOO was introduced, and the expression MACHI E IKIMASHOO means 'Let's go to town,' 'I'll go to town,' or 'He will probably go to town.'\n\nIn informal abrupt speech, the same thing can be said by using the future tense of the verb itself.\n\nThe future tense of the regular verbs (consonant verbs) are formed by substituting the final U in a basic form with a long O, spelled OO.\n\nExamples:\n\nBasic Form | Future Tense\nNARAU | NARAOO\nIKU | IKOO\nHANASU | HANASOO\nTATSU | TATOO\nSHINU (to die) | SHINOO\nYOMU | YOMOO\nTORU | TOROO\nOYOGU | OYOGOO\nTOBU | TOBOO\n\nIn case of semi-regular or vowel verbs, the final RU of the basic form is replaced with YOO.\n\nThus:\n\nBasic Form | Future Tense\nTABERU | TABEYOO\nMIRU | MIYOO\n\nThe future tense of KURU and SURU are KOYOO and SHIYOO respectively.\n\nIn Japanese, the future tense describes three situations, depending on the subject:\n\nIn the case of the third person, it describes probable future action or the probable intent.\n\nIn the case of the first person, singular or plural, it describes strong intention or will.\n\nWATAKUSHI WA SORE O KAOO. \"I will buy it.\"\n\nIn the case of the first person plural or the second person, it describes invitation or mild coaxing.\n\nEIGA NI IKOO. \"Let's go to a movie.\"\n\nANATA MO IKOO. \"You go, too.\" (You are invited to go.)\n\nSince the future tense in Japanese is largely a conjecture on the part of the speaker, a and b above denote probability. When this probability is strong, the basic form of the verb plus DESHOO or DAROO is used.\n\nANO KATA MO IKU DESHOO.\n\nANO KATA MO IKU DAROO. \"He will probably go.\"\n\nThe difference between the DESHOO and DAROO is that of degree of politeness.\n\nThe abrupt informal future tense is seldom, if ever, used with the second person as its subject. Most commonly the basic form of the verb plus DESHOO is used in this case.\n\nWATAKUSHI WA KITTO IKU DESHOO. \"I'll surely go.\"\n\nANO KATA WA KITTO IKU DESHOO. \"He'll surely go.\"\n\nANATA WA KITTO IKU DESHOO. \"You'll surely go.\"\n\nIn conventional writing, the second \"O\" of the long OO at the end of the future tense verb is represented by the KANA \"う\".\n\nIKOO\n\nHANASOO\n\nMIYOO\n\nReview Grammar Notes on MASHOO in Lesson 27."},{"section":3,"text":"WATAKUSHI WA EIGA NI IKOO TO OMOIMASU.\n\nVery commonly the future tense of a verb is followed by the expression TO OMOU in some MASU form. In this usage, the future tense verb is an indication of an intent or desire and not probability. TO OMOU indicates that the subject is contemplating the action indicated by the preceding verb in the future tense. Therefore, WATAKUSHI WA IKOO TO\n\nOMOIMASU means \"I think I will go,\" and WATAKUSHI WA IKOO TO OMOTTE IMASU means \"I am thinking of going.\" It is illogical to make statements such as ANATA WA IKOO TO OMOIMASU or ANO KATA WA IKOO TO OMOIMASU, since there is no way of knowing what ANATA or ANO KATA will think. The statement, ANATA WA IKOO TO OMOIMASU KA, is quite logical, but, again, to ask the second person ANO KATA WA IKOO TO OMOIMASU KA is illogical. So, the interrogative form of the statement becomes ANO KATA WA IKOO TO OMOTTE IMASU KA. This is because the person called ANO KATA cannot show his intent without thinking about it beforehand. Such statements as:\n\nA. Do you think you'll go?\n\nB: Does he think he'll go?\n\nusually will be:\n\nA. ANATA WA IKOO TO OMOIMASU KA.\n\nB. ANO KATA WA IKOO TO OMOTTE IMASUKA.\n\nThe intransitive potential verbs ending in -ERU (Les. 34) and the intransitive verbs that take inanimate subjects cannot have the future tense plus TO OMOU form because these verbs express probability rather than intention.\n\nKONO HON WA YOMERU TO OMOU, and\n\nGAKKOO WA HACHIJI NI HAJIMARU TO OMOU\n\nare common expressions, but not:\n\nKONO HON WA YOMEYOO TO OMOU.\n\nGAKKOO WA HICHIJI NI HAJIMAROO TO OMOU."},{"section":4,"text":"TSUMORI DE\n\nFollowing the conclusive form of verbs, I-adjectives, NA-adjectives, or a noun plus NO, TSUMORI DE expresses 'with the intention of,' 'with the idea of,' 'with the thought of.'\n\nExamples:\n\nSORE O YASUI TSUMORI DE KAIMASHITA. \"I bought it with the thought that it was cheap.\"\n\nANO ONNA NO HITO WA JIBUN DEWA KIREINA TSUMORI DE IMASU. \"She thinks she is pretty.\"\n\nANO KATA WA BYOOKI NO TSUMORI DE IMASU. \"He thinks he is sick.\"\n\nANO HITO WA JOOZU NA TSUMORI DE HANASHITE IMASU. \"He is talking with the idea that he is good.\""},{"section":5,"text":"ANO KATA WA NIHONGO O HANASU YOO NI NARIMASHITA.\n\nIn Lesson 40, a verb base form plus YOO was introduced to describe an appearance. In this lesson, YOO describes change of form into whatever precedes YOO.\n\nANO KATA WA NIHONGO O HANASU YOO NI NARIMASHITA. \"He has become so that he can speak Japanese.\""}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"映画","gloss":"movie"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"},{"word":"ふえる","gloss":"to increase (v.i.)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"さあ、","gloss":"well, now, here, come"},{"word":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"テレビ","gloss":"television"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"へる","gloss":"to decrease"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Choosing films by their cast · Dialogue 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Choosing a film","paragraphs":["The speakers compare television with movie theaters, then discuss color films and how they choose a film.","One checks the cast first: *私は 映画に 行く 前に、まず はいやくを 見ます*, \"I look at the cast before I go to a movie.\""]},{"title":"Thinking of exporting films","paragraphs":["*外国へ 映画を ゆしゅつしようと 思って* means \"thinking of exporting movies to foreign countries.\"","The form *ゆしゅつしよう* presents the intended future action in this line."]},{"title":"Kanji: 会, 社","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 色","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L043.dlg.006","source":"そうでも ないでしょう。 映画も テレビで 見るのと、映画館で 見るのとでは、気分が ちがいますからね。","translation":"I don't think so, because the feeling or mood is different between seeing a movie on TV and seeing it in a movie theater.","reading":"そうでもないでしょう。えいがもテレビでみるのと、えいがかんでみるのとでは、きぶんがちがいますからね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"で","gloss":"even"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"テレビ","gloss":"television"},{"text":"で","gloss":"on"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"watching","reading":"みる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie theater","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"館","gloss":"movie theater","reading":"かん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"watching","reading":"みる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"気分","gloss":"feeling","reading":"きぶん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ちがい","gloss":"differs"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"differs"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.dlg.006.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L043.dlg.007","source":"日本の 天ねん色 映画は じつに きれいですね。 外国でも ひょうばんが いいらしいです。","translation":"Japanese color films are really pretty, aren't they? It seems they have a good reputation abroad, too.","reading":"にほんのてんねんしょくえいがはじつにきれいですね。がいこくでもひょうばんがいいらしいです。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"Japan's"},{"text":"天","gloss":"natural color","reading":"てん"},{"text":"ねん","gloss":"natural color"},{"text":"色","gloss":"natural color","reading":"しょく"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"films","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"じつ","gloss":"really"},{"text":"に","gloss":"really"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"beautiful"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"abroad","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"ひょうばん","gloss":"reputation"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L043.dlg.008","source":"日本の 映画会社も 外国へ 映画を ゆしゅつしようと 思って、なるべく よいのを 作っているのでしょう。","translation":"Japanese movie companies, too, thinking of exporting movies to foreign countries, are probably making as good ones as possible.","reading":"にほんのえいがかいしゃもがいこくへえいがをゆしゅつしようとおもって、なるべくよいのをつくっているのでしょう。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"Japan's"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"会社","gloss":"companies","reading":"かいしゃ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign countries","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ゆ","gloss":"export"},{"text":"しゅ","gloss":"export"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"export"},{"text":"しよう","gloss":"intend to export"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"thinking"},{"text":"なるべく","gloss":"as much as possible"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"作っ","gloss":"are making","reading":"つくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are making"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are making"},{"text":"の","gloss":"it seems"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L043.dlg.009","source":"私は 映画に 行く 前に、まず はいやくを 見ます。 いい はいゆうが 出ていれば、見に 行く 事に します。 人気スターの 名が ならんでいると、映画も 大抵 いいです。","translation":"I look at the cast before I go to a movie. If good actors appear, I decide to go to see it. If the names of popular actors are listed, the movie is usually good, too.","reading":"わたくしはえいがにいくまえに、まずはいやくをみます。いいはいゆうがでていれば、みにいくことにします。にんきスターのながならんでいると、えいがもたいていいいです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"前","gloss":"before","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に、","gloss":"before"},{"text":"まず","gloss":"first"},{"text":"はい","gloss":"cast"},{"text":"やく","gloss":"cast"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"look at","reading":"み"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"look at"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"はい","gloss":"actors"},{"text":"ゆう","gloss":"actors"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出","gloss":"if they appear","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"if they appear"},{"text":"いれ","gloss":"if they appear"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if they appear"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"し","gloss":"decide"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"decide"},{"text":"人気","gloss":"popular","reading":"にんき"},{"text":"スター","gloss":"stars"},{"text":"の","gloss":"stars'"},{"text":"名","gloss":"names","reading":"な"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ならん","gloss":"are listed"},{"text":"で","gloss":"are listed"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are listed"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L043.dlg.010","source":"私も しゅえんを やっている はいゆうや かんとくの 名前を 見て、 よさそうでしたら、 行きます。","translation":"I, too, look at the names of the actors who play the main characters and the director. If they are good, I go.","reading":"わたくしもしゅえんをやっているはいゆうやかんとくのなまえをみて、よさそうでしたら、いきます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"しゅ","gloss":"leading roles"},{"text":"え","gloss":"leading roles"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"leading roles"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"playing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"playing"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"playing"},{"text":"はい","gloss":"actors"},{"text":"ゆう","gloss":"actors"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"かんとく","gloss":"director"},{"text":"の","gloss":"director's"},{"text":"名前","gloss":"names","reading":"なまえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"look at","reading":"み"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"look at"},{"text":"よさ","gloss":"seem good"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"seem good"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"if"},{"text":"たら、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"go"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.dlg.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"は、","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"気分","gloss":"feeling"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"ひょうばん","gloss":"reputation"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"会社","gloss":"company, firm"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"なるべく","gloss":"as much as possible"},{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"前","gloss":"before, front"},{"word":"まず","gloss":"first, first of all"},{"word":"やく","gloss":"approximately (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"人気","gloss":"popularity"},{"word":"名","gloss":"name"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"かんとく","gloss":"director, superintendent"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Learning language from films · Dialogue 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Films as language study","paragraphs":["Two people compare how often they see films and discuss understanding Japanese dialogue.","One says, *勉強の つもりで 行くのです*, \"I go, intending to learn language from movies.\""]},{"title":"An intention behind the action","paragraphs":["In *勉強の つもりで*, the noun *勉強* names the intention behind going to films.","The phrase gives study as the purpose of going."]},{"title":"Kanji: 勉","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 強","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L043.dlg.011","source":"あなたは たびたび 映画に 行きますか。","translation":"Do you go to movies often?","reading":"あなたはたびたびえいがにいきますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"たびたび","gloss":"often"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"go"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L043.dlg.012","source":"いいえ、 たまにしか 行きません。 一か月に 一度ぐらいでしょう。 あなたは。","translation":"No, I rarely go. I go about once a month. And you?","reading":"いいえ、たまにしかいきません。いっかげつにいちどぐらいでしょう。あなたは。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"たまに","gloss":"occasionally"},{"text":"しか","gloss":"only"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"do not go"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"do not go"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"か月","gloss":"month","reading":"かげつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"度","gloss":"time","reading":"ど"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は。","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.dlg.012.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L043.dlg.013","source":"私は たびたび 行きます。 勉強の つもりで 行くのです。","translation":"I go often. I go, intending to learn language from movies.","reading":"わたくしはたびたびいきます。べんきょうのつもりでいくのです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"たびたび","gloss":"often"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"go"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intention"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the reason"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L043.dlg.014","source":"あなたは 日本語が 上手ですから、 ちっとも こまらないでしょう。","translation":"Since you are good in Japanese, you probably don't have any trouble, do you?","reading":"あなたはにほんごがじょうずですから、ちっともこまらないでしょう。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good at","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ちっとも","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"こまら","gloss":"have trouble"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L043.dlg.015","source":"ええ、 まあ ほとんど 何でも わかります。 だが 時代げきを 見ていると、 わからない 言葉が 多いですね。","translation":"Well, I understand almost anything. However, there are many words that I don't understand, when I'm watching a historical play.","reading":"ええ、まあほとんどなんでもわかります。だがじだいげきをみていると、わからないことばがおおいですね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"まあ","gloss":"well"},{"text":"ほとんど","gloss":"almost"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"anything"},{"text":"も","gloss":"anything"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"however"},{"text":"が","gloss":"however"},{"text":"時代","gloss":"historical play","reading":"じだい"},{"text":"げき","gloss":"historical play"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"am watching","reading":"み"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am watching"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"am watching"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"わから","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"言葉","gloss":"words","reading":"ことば"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.dlg.015.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"たびたび","gloss":"often, frequently"},{"word":"たまに","gloss":"rarely, once in a while"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"上手","gloss":"skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ちっとも","gloss":"not even a little (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ほとんど","gloss":"almost (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"時代","gloss":"era, period"},{"word":"げき","gloss":"play, drama"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Films as cultural education · Dialogue 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"What foreign films teach","paragraphs":["The speakers discuss American films as a source of entertainment and knowledge about other cultures.","*外国の しゅうかんなどを 知るのに、映画は いいですね* means \"Movies are good for learning foreign customs, don't you think?\"","The reply says films provide education as well as amusement."]},{"title":"Kanji: 英","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L043.dlg.016","source":"時々 古い 言葉を 使いますからね。","translation":"That's because they sometimes use obsolete expressions.","reading":"ときどきふるいことばをつかいますからね。","words":[{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"古い","gloss":"old","reading":"ふるい"},{"text":"言葉","gloss":"words","reading":"ことば"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"使い","gloss":"use","reading":"つかい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"use"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L043.dlg.017","source":"あなたは アメリカの 映画が 好きですか。","translation":"Do you like American movies?","reading":"あなたはアメリカのえいががすきですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"アメリカ","gloss":"America"},{"text":"の","gloss":"America's"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"do"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L043.dlg.018","source":"ええ、 好きです。 英語は あまり わからないんですが、 それでも おもしろいです。","translation":"Yes, I like them. I don't understand English too well, but even then, they are interesting.","reading":"ええ、すきです。えいごはあまりわからないんですが、それでもおもしろいです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"do"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"much"},{"text":"わから","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"even"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"おもしろい","gloss":"interesting"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.dlg.018.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L043.dlg.019","source":"外国の しゅうかんなどを 知るのに、映画は いいですね。","translation":"Movies are good for learning foreign customs, don't you think?","reading":"がいこくのしゅうかんなどをしるのに、えいがはいいですね。","words":[{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign countries","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"countries'"},{"text":"しゅうかん","gloss":"customs"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"知る","gloss":"learn","reading":"しる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"for"},{"text":"に、","gloss":"for"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L043.dlg.020","source":"ええ、 ごらくばかりでなく、 ほんとに いい 勉強に なります。","translation":"Yes, they are not only an amusement but also provide a really good education.","reading":"ええ、ごらくばかりでなく、ほんとにいいべんきょうになります。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ごらく","gloss":"amusement"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"being"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ほんと","gloss":"really"},{"text":"に","gloss":"really"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"education","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"become"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.dlg.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"時々","gloss":"sometimes, occasionally"},{"word":"古い","gloss":"old, antique"},{"word":"アメリカ","gloss":"America; U.S.A."},{"word":"好き","gloss":"to like, be fond of (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"おもしろい","gloss":"interesting, to be fun"},{"word":"しゅうかん","gloss":"custom, habit"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"知る","gloss":"to know (v.t.)"},{"word":"に、","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ごらく","gloss":"amusement, recreation"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Recent spans of time · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"These last few days","paragraphs":["*ここ二三日 さむいです* means \"It has been cold these two or three days.\"","Japanese often uses *ここ* before an approximate span to refer to the period immediately before now."]},{"title":"The final verb sets the time","paragraphs":["*ここ一二年 カラーテレビが 安くなりました* means \"Color televisions have become cheaper in the past year or two.\"","The final verb places this change in the period immediately before now."]}],"lines":[{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp1.01","source":"ここ二三日 さむいです。","translation":"It has been cold these two or three days.","reading":"ここにさんにちさむいです。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"二三","gloss":"two or three","reading":"にさん"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days","reading":"にち"},{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"has been"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp1.02","source":"ここ三四日","translation":"these three or four days","reading":"ここさんよっか","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"三四","gloss":"three or four"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp1.03","source":"ここ二三年","translation":"these two or three years","reading":"ここにさんねん","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"二三","gloss":"two or three","reading":"にさん"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp1.04","source":"ここ一二年","translation":"these one or two years","reading":"ここいちにねん","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one or two","reading":"いち"},{"text":"二","gloss":"one or two","reading":"に"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp1.05","source":"ここ一二週間","translation":"these one or two weeks","reading":"ここいちにしゅうかん","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one or two","reading":"いち"},{"text":"二","gloss":"one or two","reading":"に"},{"text":"週間","gloss":"weeks","reading":"しゅうかん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp1.06","source":"ここ一二か月","translation":"these one or two months","reading":"ここいちにかげつ","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one or two","reading":"いち"},{"text":"二","gloss":"one or two","reading":"に"},{"text":"か月","gloss":"months","reading":"かげつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp1.07","source":"ここ二三か月 雨が 降りません。","translation":"It hasn't rained for the past two or three months.","reading":"ここにさんかげつあめがふりません。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"二三","gloss":"two or three","reading":"にさん"},{"text":"か月","gloss":"months","reading":"かげつ"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"hasn't rained","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"hasn't rained"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"hasn't rained"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp1.08","source":"ここ一二週間 大へん いそがしかった。","translation":"I've been very busy for the past week or two.","reading":"ここいちにしゅうかんたいへんいそがしかった。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one or two","reading":"いち"},{"text":"二","gloss":"one or two","reading":"に"},{"text":"週間","gloss":"weeks","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"大へん","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"いそがしかっ","gloss":"was busy"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was busy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp1.09","source":"ここ一二年 カラーテレビが 安くなりました。","translation":"Color televisions have become cheaper in the past year or two.","reading":"ここいちにねんカラーテレビがやすくなりました。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one or two","reading":"いち"},{"text":"二","gloss":"one or two","reading":"に"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"カラー","gloss":"color television"},{"text":"テレビ","gloss":"color television"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"安く","gloss":"became cheaper","reading":"やすく"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became cheaper"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"became cheaper"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"became cheaper"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp1.10","source":"ここ三四日 いい天気が つづきましたね。","translation":"We've had good weather for the past three or four days, haven't we?","reading":"ここさんよっかいいてんきがつづきましたね。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three or four"},{"text":"四","gloss":"three or four"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"つづき","gloss":"continued"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"continued"},{"text":"た","gloss":"continued"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp1.11","source":"ここ二三日 大へん あついですね。","translation":"It's been very hot for the past two or three days, hasn't it?","reading":"ここにさんにちたいへんあついですね。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"二三","gloss":"two or three"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days"},{"text":"大へん","gloss":"very"},{"text":"あつい","gloss":"hot"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp1.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"大へん","gloss":"very"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"天気","gloss":"weather"},{"word":"あつい","gloss":"hot"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Informal plans and suggestions · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"A suggestion or decision","paragraphs":["*映画に 行こう* means \"Let's go to a movie.\" The ending presents an informal suggestion.","With *私は*, the same form states a decision: *私は 映画に 行こう*, \"I'll go to a movie.\""]},{"title":"The subject sets the meaning","paragraphs":["*あの方は 映画に 行こう* means \"He will probably go to a movie.\"","With a third-person subject, the form presents probable action."]},{"title":"Kanji: 話","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp2.01","source":"映画に 行こう。","translation":"Let's go to a movie.","reading":"えいがにいこう。","words":[{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行こう。","gloss":"let's go","reading":"いこう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp2.01.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp2.02","source":"私は 映画に 行こう。","translation":"I'll go to a movie.","reading":"わたくしはえいがにいこう。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行こう。","gloss":"I'll go","reading":"いこう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp2.02.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp2.03","source":"あの方は 映画に 行こう。","translation":"He will probably go to a movie.","reading":"あのかたはえいがにいこう。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行こう。","gloss":"will probably go","reading":"いこう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp2.03.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp2.04","source":"もう 十分 待とう。","translation":"Let's wait another ten minutes.","reading":"もうじゅっぷんまとう。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"another"},{"text":"十分","gloss":"ten minutes","reading":"じゅっぷん"},{"text":"待とう。","gloss":"let's wait","reading":"まとう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp2.04.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp2.05","source":"もう 時間だ。 帰ろう。","translation":"It's time already; let's go home.","reading":"もうじかんだ。かえろう。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"time","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"帰ろう。","gloss":"let's go home","reading":"かえろう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp2.05.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp2.06","source":"日本語で 話そう。","translation":"Let's speak Japanese.","reading":"にほんごではなそう。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"話そう。","gloss":"let's speak","reading":"はなそう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp2.06.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp2.07","source":"私は 日本へ ひこうきで とぼう。","translation":"I'll fly to Japan by plane.","reading":"わたくしはにほんへひこうきでとぼう。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"ひ","gloss":"airplane"},{"text":"こうき","gloss":"airplane"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"とぼう。","gloss":"will fly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp2.07.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp2.08","source":"今晩 一しょに 勉強しよう。","translation":"Let's study together tonight.","reading":"こんばんいっしょにべんきょうしよう。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"一しょ","gloss":"together","reading":"いっしょ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"together"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"しよう。","gloss":"let’s do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp2.08.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp2.09","source":"くらいから 明りを つけよう。","translation":"It's dark, so let's turn on the light.","reading":"くらいからあかりをつけよう。","words":[{"text":"くらい","gloss":"dark"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"明り","gloss":"light","reading":"あかり"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つけよう。","gloss":"let’s turn on"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp2.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"時間","gloss":"hour, time"},{"word":"だ。","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"くらい","gloss":"dark"},{"word":"明り","gloss":"light"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Thinking about future actions · Perception drill, Block 3","teaching":[{"title":"An action under consideration","paragraphs":["*私は 今晩 映画に 行こうと 思います* means \"I think I'll go to a movie tonight.\"","The informal form joins *と 思います* to express the speaker's contemplated action."]},{"title":"Thinking of an action","paragraphs":["*私は フランス語を 習おうと 思っています* means \"I'm thinking of learning French.\"","Here *と 思っています* presents the action as an ongoing thought."]}],"lines":[{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp3.01","source":"私は 今晩 映画に 行こうと 思います。","translation":"I think I'll go to a movie tonight.","reading":"わたくしはこんばんえいがにいこうとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行こう","gloss":"will go","reading":"いこう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp3.01.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp3.02","source":"私は 少し やせようと 思います。","translation":"I think I'll lose a little weight.","reading":"わたくしはすこしやせようとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"やせよう","gloss":"will lose weight"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp3.02.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp3.03","source":"今晩 すきやきを りょうりしようと 思います。","translation":"I think I'll cook sukiyaki tonight.","reading":"こんばんすきやきをりょうりしようとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"すきやき","gloss":"sukiyaki"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"りょうり","gloss":"cook"},{"text":"しよう","gloss":"cook"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp3.03.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp3.04","source":"今晩 早く 休もうと 思います。","translation":"I think I'll go to bed early tonight.","reading":"こんばんはやくやすもうとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"休もう","gloss":"will go to bed","reading":"やすもう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp3.04.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp3.05","source":"私は フランス語を 習おうと 思っています。","translation":"I'm thinking of learning French.","reading":"わたくしはフランスごをならおうとおもっています。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"フランス","gloss":"French"},{"text":"語","gloss":"French","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習おう","gloss":"will learn","reading":"ならおう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"am thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am thinking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp3.05.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp3.06","source":"私は ゴルフを 始めようと 思っています。","translation":"I'm thinking of taking up golf.","reading":"わたくしはゴルフをはじめようとおもっています。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"始めよう","gloss":"will take up","reading":"はじめよう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"am thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am thinking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp3.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"},{"word":"すきやき","gloss":"SUKIYAKI"},{"word":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Describing newly acquired abilities · Perception drill, Block 4","teaching":[{"title":"A change that has happened","paragraphs":["*あの人は 日本語を 話すように なりました* means \"He has reached the point where he speaks Japanese.\"","A verb before *ように なりました* names the action that has become possible or habitual."]},{"title":"A new ability","paragraphs":["*この頃 日本語が 少し わかるように なりました* means \"Lately, I've come to understand a little Japanese.\"","The change can describe a new ability, a repeated action, or a new habit."]}],"lines":[{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp4.01","source":"あの人は 日本語を 話すように なりました。","translation":"He has become to speak Japanese.\" \"He has reached the point where he speaks Japanese.","reading":"あのひとはにほんごをはなすようになりました。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"話す","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなす"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"point where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp4.01.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp4.02","source":"スミスさんは 日本へ 行けるように なりました。","translation":"Mr. Smith can now go to Japan.","reading":"スミスさんはにほんへいけるようになりました。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行ける","gloss":"can go","reading":"いける"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"able to"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp4.02.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp4.03","source":"この頃 日本語が 少し わかるように なりました。","translation":"Lately, I've come to understand a little Japanese.","reading":"このごろにほんごがすこしわかるようになりました。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"わかる","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"come to"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp4.03.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp4.04","source":"私は この頃 何でも よくわすれるように なりました。","translation":"Lately, I've come to forget everything easily.","reading":"わたくしはこのごろなんでもよくわすれるようになりました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この頃","gloss":"lately","reading":"このごろ"},{"text":"何","gloss":"everything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"も","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"easily"},{"text":"わすれる","gloss":"forget"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"come to"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp4.04.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp4.05","source":"パーカーさんは よく 勉強するように なりました。","translation":"Mr. Parker has come to study hard.","reading":"パーカーさんはよくべんきょうするようになりました。","words":[{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"hard"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"come to"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp4.05.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp4.06","source":"ジョンズさんは かん字が 上手に 書けるように なりました。","translation":"Mr. Jones can now write kanji well.","reading":"ジョンズさんはかんじがじょうずにかけるようになりました。","words":[{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"skillfully","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"に","gloss":"skillfully"},{"text":"書ける","gloss":"can write","reading":"かける"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"able to"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp4.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"頃","gloss":"approximate point of time (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"この頃","gloss":"these days, nowadays"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"わすれる","gloss":"to forget"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Acting with intentions and beliefs · Perception drill, Block 5","teaching":[{"title":"With an intention","paragraphs":["*私は 勉強のつもりで、 この学校に 来ました* means \"I came to this school with the intention of studying.\"","After a noun, *のつもりで* states the intention or idea behind an action."]},{"title":"With an idea or belief","paragraphs":["*私は 安い つもりで、 この自動車を 買ったのです* means \"I bought this car thinking it was inexpensive.\"","*つもりで* can also follow a verb, an I-adjective, or a NA-adjective."]},{"title":"Kanji: 女","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp5.01","source":"私は 勉強のつもりで、 この学校に 来ました。","translation":"I came to this school with the intention of studying.","reading":"わたくしはべんきょうのつもりで、このがっこうにきました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intention"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"with"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp5.01.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp5.02","source":"私は 悪いつもりで、 そんな事を しませんでした。","translation":"I didn't do such a thing with any ill intention.","reading":"わたくしはわるいつもりで、そんなことをしませんでした。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intention"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"with"},{"text":"そんな","gloss":"such a"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"past, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp5.02.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp5.03","source":"あの人は 日本語が 上手なつもりで 居ます。","translation":"He thinks (lit: is with an idea) that he is good in Japanese.","reading":"あのひとはにほんごがじょうずなつもりでいます。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good at","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"な","gloss":"being"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"belief"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"居","gloss":"is","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp5.03.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp5.04","source":"私は 運動の つもりで、 ゴルフを やります。","translation":"I play golf for exercise.","reading":"わたくしはうんどうのつもりで、ゴルフをやります。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"運動","gloss":"exercise","reading":"うんどう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intention"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"with"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やり","gloss":"play"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp5.04.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp5.05","source":"田中さんは 病気の つもりで 居ます。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka thinks he is sick.","reading":"たなかさんはびょうきのつもりでいます。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"sick","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"belief"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"居","gloss":"is","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp5.05.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp5.06","source":"私は 安い つもりで、 この自動車を 買ったのです。","translation":"I bought this car thinking it was inexpensive.","reading":"わたくしはやすいつもりで、このじどうしゃをかったのです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"安い","gloss":"inexpensive","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"belief"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"with"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp5.06.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp5.07","source":"あの女の人は 自分では 美しい つもりで 居るのです。","translation":"That woman thinks she is beautiful.","reading":"あのおんなのひとはじぶんではうつくしいつもりでいるのです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"女","gloss":"woman","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"の","gloss":"woman"},{"text":"人","gloss":"woman","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"herself","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in her own view"},{"text":"は","gloss":"in her own view"},{"text":"美しい","gloss":"beautiful","reading":"うつくしい"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"belief"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"居る","gloss":"is","reading":"いる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp5.07.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp5.08","source":"私は まだ 若い つもりで 居ます。","translation":"I still think of myself as young.","reading":"わたくしはまだわかいつもりでいます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"若い","gloss":"young","reading":"わかい"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"belief"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"居","gloss":"am","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp5.08.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L043.gp5.09","source":"山田さんは 日本へ 行けるつもりで 勉強しています。","translation":"Mr. Yamada is studying in the belief that he can go to Japan.","reading":"やまださんはにほんへいけるつもりでべんきょうしています。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行ける","gloss":"can go","reading":"いける"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"belief"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"am studying","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"am studying"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am studying"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am studying"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am studying"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.gp5.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"車","gloss":"vehicle, car"},{"word":"女","gloss":"female"},{"word":"自分","gloss":"self"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Changes over recent periods · Pattern 1 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A state over a recent span","paragraphs":["In *ここ二三日 やわらかい 物ばかり 食べています*, *ここ二三日* places a continuing action within the recent past.","*ここ二三日 やわらかい 物ばかり 食べています* means \"For the past two or three days, I've been eating nothing but soft foods.\""]},{"title":"A change during the span","paragraphs":["*スミスさんは ここ一二か月の 間に 会話が 大へん 上手に なりました* describes a change during the past month or two.","The recent span can frame either a continuing state or a completed change."]}],"lines":[{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt1.m1","source":"ここ一二年 あまり ふえていません。","translation":"It hasn't increased too much these one or two years.","reading":"ここいちにねんあまりふえていません。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"too much"},{"text":"ふえ","gloss":"hasn't increased"},{"text":"て","gloss":"hasn't increased"},{"text":"い","gloss":"hasn't increased"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"hasn't increased"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"hasn't increased"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt1.01","source":"ここ二三日 やわらかい 物ばかり 食べています。","translation":"For the past two or three days, I've been eating nothing but soft foods.","reading":"ここにさんにちやわらかいものばかりたべています。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"二三","gloss":"two or three","reading":"にさん"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days","reading":"にち"},{"text":"やわらかい","gloss":"soft"},{"text":"物","gloss":"foods","reading":"もの"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"nothing but"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"have been eating","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have been eating"},{"text":"い","gloss":"have been eating"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"have been eating"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt1.02","source":"ここ二三年 食料品が 大へん 高くなりました。","translation":"Groceries have become very expensive in the past two or three years.","reading":"ここにさんねんしょくりょうひんがたいへんたかくなりました。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"二三","gloss":"two or three"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years"},{"text":"食料","gloss":"groceries"},{"text":"品","gloss":"groceries"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大へん","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"高く","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかく"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt1.03","source":"ここ一二週間 勉強が 大へん いそがしくなりました。","translation":"My studies have become very demanding in the past week or two.","reading":"ここいちにしゅうかんべんきょうがたいへんいそがしくなりました。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"週間","gloss":"weeks","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"studies","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大へん","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"いそがしく","gloss":"demanding"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt1.04","source":"スミスさんは ここ一二か月の 間に 会話が 大へん 上手に なりました。","translation":"Mr. Smith has become very good at conversation in the past month or two.","reading":"スミスさんはここいちにかげつのあいだにかいわがたいへんじょうずになりました。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"か月","gloss":"months","reading":"かげつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"間","gloss":"period"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"会話","gloss":"conversation","reading":"かいわ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大へん","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"skillful","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt1.05","source":"私は ここ二三日 かぜを ひいています。","translation":"I've had a cold for the past two or three days.","reading":"わたくしはここにさんにちかぜをひいています。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"二三","gloss":"two or three","reading":"にさん"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days","reading":"にち"},{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ひい","gloss":"have had"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have had"},{"text":"い","gloss":"have had"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"have had"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt1.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"やわらかい","gloss":"soft, tender"},{"word":"かぜ","gloss":"wind"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Measuring recent changes · Pattern 1 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"How much changed","paragraphs":["*ここ二三年の 間に 前の 倍に なりました* means \"It has doubled in size over the past two or three years.\"","The *ここ* span states the period, while *前の 倍* gives the amount of change."]},{"title":"A measured increase","paragraphs":["*ここ二三か月の 間に 十ポンドぐらい ふとりました* means \"I've gained about ten pounds in the past two or three months.\"","*の 間に* places the measured change inside the recent span."]}],"lines":[{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt1.06","source":"この町は ずい分 大きく なりましたね。","translation":"This town has grown considerably, hasn't it?","reading":"このまちはずいぶんおおきくなりましたね。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"considerably","reading":"ずいぶん"},{"text":"大きく","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt1.07","source":"ええ、 ここ二三年の 間に 前の 倍に なりました。","translation":"Yes, it has doubled in size over the past two or three years.","reading":"ええ、ここにさんねんのあいだにまえのばいになりました。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"二三","gloss":"two or three","reading":"にさん"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"間","gloss":"period"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"前","gloss":"before","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"倍","gloss":"double","reading":"ばい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt1.08","source":"あなたの店は ずい分 いそがしそうですね。","translation":"Your store seems very busy, doesn't it?","reading":"あなたのみせはずいぶんいそがしそうですね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"店","gloss":"store","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"very"},{"text":"いそがし","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt1.09","source":"ええ、 ここ二週間ぐらい、 ずい分 いそがしいです。","translation":"Yes, we've been very busy for about the past two weeks.","reading":"ええ、ここにしゅうかんぐらい、ずいぶんいそがしいです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"週間","gloss":"weeks","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"ぐらい、","gloss":"about"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"very"},{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt1.10","source":"あなたは この頃、 ずい分 ふとって 来ましたね。","translation":"You've gained quite a bit of weight lately, haven't you?","reading":"あなたはこのごろ、ずいぶんふとってきましたね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この頃、","gloss":"lately","reading":"このごろ"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"quite a bit","reading":"ずいぶん"},{"text":"ふとっ","gloss":"gain weight"},{"text":"て","gloss":"gain weight"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come to","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt1.11","source":"ええ、 ここ二三か月の 間に 十ポンドぐらい ふとりました。","translation":"Yes, I've gained about ten pounds in the past two or three months.","reading":"ええ、ここにさんかげつのあいだにじゅっポンドぐらいふとりました。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"二三","gloss":"two or three","reading":"にさん"},{"text":"か月","gloss":"months","reading":"かげつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"間","gloss":"period"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"十","gloss":"ten","reading":"じゅっ"},{"text":"ポンド","gloss":"pounds"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"ふとり","gloss":"gain weight"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt1.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"町","gloss":"town"},{"word":"ずい分","gloss":"very much"},{"word":"店","gloss":"store, shop"},{"word":"ぐらい、","gloss":"about"},{"word":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"word":"この頃、","gloss":"these days, nowadays"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Informal decisions and predictions · Pattern 2 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Decision, invitation, or prediction","paragraphs":["*私は 今晩 映画に 行こう* means \"I'll go to a movie tonight.\" It states the speaker's decision.","*スミスさんは 明日も 行こう* predicts: \"Mr. Smith will probably go tomorrow, too.\""]},{"title":"An invitation without a subject","paragraphs":["*田中さんが 来るまで 待とう* means \"Let's wait until Mr. Tanaka comes.\"","Without an expressed subject, the form can invite joint action."]}],"lines":[{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt2.m1","source":"町へ 行こう","translation":"Let's go to town.","reading":"まちへいこう","words":[{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行こう","gloss":"let's go","reading":"いこう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt2.01","source":"私は 今晩 映画に 行こう。","translation":"I'll go to a movie tonight.","reading":"わたくしはこんばんえいがにいこう。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行こう。","gloss":"will go","reading":"いこう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt2.02","source":"スミスさんは 明日も 行こう。","translation":"Mr. Smith will probably go tomorrow, too.","reading":"スミスさんはあしたもいこう。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"行こう。","gloss":"will probably go","reading":"いこう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt2.03","source":"さむいから 少し 飲もう。","translation":"It's cold, so let's have a little to drink.","reading":"さむいからすこしのもう。","words":[{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"飲もう。","gloss":"let's drink","reading":"のもう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt2.04","source":"田中さんが 来るまで 待とう。","translation":"Let's wait until Mr. Tanaka comes.","reading":"たなかさんがくるまでまとう。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"comes","reading":"くる"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"待とう。","gloss":"let's wait","reading":"まとう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt2.05","source":"さあ、 始めよう。","translation":"Well, let's begin.","reading":"さあ、はじめよう。","words":[{"text":"さあ、","gloss":"well"},{"text":"始めよう。","gloss":"let's begin","reading":"はじめよう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt2.05.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt2.06","source":"雨が 降るから、 草が のびよう。","translation":"It will rain, so the grass will grow.","reading":"あめがふるから、くさがのびよう。","words":[{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"will fall","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"草","gloss":"grass","reading":"くさ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"のびよう。","gloss":"will grow"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt2.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"降る","gloss":"to fall (rain) (v.i.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Making plans for tonight · Pattern 2 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Proposing an evening plan","paragraphs":["In *何時頃 家を 出ようか*, the informal ending proposes a time for leaving home.","The line asks about the time as part of making an evening plan."]},{"title":"Settling the plan","paragraphs":["*映画でも 見に 行こうよ* proposes \"Let's go see a movie or something.\"","*七時少し 前に 出かけよう* settles the time: \"Let's leave a little before seven.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt2.07","source":"私は 今晩は 勉強しよう。","translation":"I'll study tonight.","reading":"わたくしはこんばんはべんきょうしよう。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今晩は","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばんは"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"しよう。","gloss":"will do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt2.07.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt2.08","source":"今晩は 雨が 降ろう。","translation":"It will probably rain tonight.","reading":"こんばんはあめがふろう。","words":[{"text":"今晩は","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばんは"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降ろう。","gloss":"will probably fall","reading":"ふろう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt2.09","source":"今晩は どうするか。","translation":"What shall we do tonight?","reading":"こんばんはどうするか。","words":[{"text":"今晩は","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばんは"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt2.10","source":"映画でも 見に 行こうよ。","translation":"Let's go see a movie or something.","reading":"えいがでもみにいこうよ。","words":[{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"で","gloss":"or something"},{"text":"も","gloss":"or something"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行こう","gloss":"let's go","reading":"いこう"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt2.11","source":"何時頃 家を 出ようか。","translation":"About what time shall we leave home?","reading":"なんじごろいえをでようか。","words":[{"text":"何時頃","gloss":"about what time","reading":"なんじごろ"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出よう","gloss":"shall leave","reading":"でよう"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt2.11.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt2.12","source":"七時少し 前に 出かけよう。","translation":"Let's leave a little before seven.","reading":"しちじすこしまえにでかけよう。","words":[{"text":"七","gloss":"seven o’clock"},{"text":"時","gloss":"seven o’clock"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little"},{"text":"前","gloss":"before"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"出かけよう。","gloss":"let's leave","reading":"でかけよう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt2.12.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt2.13","source":"山田さんも さそおうか。","translation":"Shall we invite Mr. Yamada too?","reading":"やまださんもさそおうか。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"さそおう","gloss":"shall invite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt2.13.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Forming casual suggestions · Pattern 2 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"From an action to a suggestion","paragraphs":["*フランス語を 習う* becomes *フランス語を 習おう*, \"Let's learn French.\"","The changed ending makes the action a casual suggestion or resolution."]},{"title":"Agreeing to the plan","paragraphs":["*ええ、 そうしよう* agrees with the proposed action.","Here *しよう* presents a joint resolution."]}],"lines":[{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt2.14","source":"ええ、 そうしよう。","translation":"Yes, let's do that.","reading":"ええ、そうしよう。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"that"},{"text":"しよう。","gloss":"let's do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt2.14.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt2.15","source":"フランス語を 習う ――→ フランス語を 習おう。","translation":"Learn French → Let's learn French.","reading":"フランスごをならう――→フランスごをならおう。","words":[{"text":"フランス","gloss":"French"},{"text":"語","gloss":"language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習う――→","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならう"},{"text":"フランス","gloss":"French"},{"text":"語","gloss":"language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習おう。","gloss":"let's learn","reading":"ならおう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt2.15.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt2.16","source":"来週から 手つだいます。","translation":"I'll help starting next week.","reading":"らいしゅうからてつだいます。","words":[{"text":"来週","gloss":"next week","reading":"らいしゅう"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"手つだい","gloss":"help","reading":"てつだい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt2.16.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt2.17","source":"これを やると、 子供は よろこぶ。","translation":"If I give this to the child, the child will be pleased.","reading":"これをやると、こどもはよろこぶ。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やる","gloss":"give"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よろこぶ。","gloss":"be pleased"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt2.17.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt2.18","source":"自動車を なおします。","translation":"I'll repair the car.","reading":"じどうしゃをなおします。","words":[{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃをな"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"なおし","gloss":"repair"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt2.18.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt2.19","source":"子供も つれて 行きます。","translation":"I'll take the child along too.","reading":"こどももつれていきます。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt2.19.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt2.20","source":"島村さんの 新しい 家に 行って 見る。","translation":"I'll go and see Mr. Shimamura's new house.","reading":"しまむらさんのあたらしいいえにいってみる。","words":[{"text":"島村","gloss":"Shimamura","reading":"しまむら"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"見る。","gloss":"see","reading":"みる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt2.20.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"来週","gloss":"next week"},{"word":"やる","gloss":"to do"},{"word":"よろこぶ。","gloss":"to rejoice, be delighted"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Thinking about future plans · Pattern 3 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A plan under consideration","paragraphs":["*私は 来年 日本へ 行こうと 思っています* means \"I am thinking of going to Japan next year.\"","The informal form joins *と 思っています* to present a plan under consideration."]},{"title":"The planned action comes first","paragraphs":["In *学校に のこって 勉強しようと 思っています*, *勉強しよう* names the contemplated action.","The complete line means \"I'm thinking of staying at school and studying today.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt3.m1","source":"日本は 外国へ 映画を ゆしゅつしようと 思っています。","translation":"Japan is thinking of exporting movie films to foreign countries.","reading":"にほんはがいこくへえいがをゆしゅつしようとおもっています。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign countries","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ゆ","gloss":"export"},{"text":"しゅ","gloss":"export"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"export"},{"text":"しよう","gloss":"intend to do"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"am thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am thinking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt3.m1.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt3.01","source":"今日は 学校に のこって 勉強しようと 思っています。","translation":"I'm thinking of staying at school and studying today.","reading":"きょうはがっこうにのこってべんきょうしようとおもっています。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"のこっ","gloss":"stay"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"しよう","gloss":"plan to do"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"am thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am thinking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt3.01.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt3.02","source":"ここに 草花を うえようと 思っています。","translation":"I'm thinking of planting flowers here.","reading":"ここにくさばなをうえようとおもっています。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"草花","gloss":"flowers","reading":"くさばな"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"うえよう","gloss":"plan to plant"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"am thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am thinking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt3.02.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt3.03","source":"今日は つかれたから、 早く 休もうと 思っています。","translation":"I'm tired today, so I'm thinking of going to bed early.","reading":"きょうはつかれたから、はやくやすもうとおもっています。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"つか","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"休もう","gloss":"plan to sleep","reading":"やすもう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"am thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am thinking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt3.03.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt3.04","source":"学校に 近い所に 家を さがそうと 思っています。","translation":"I'm thinking of looking for a house near the school.","reading":"がっこうにちかいところにいえをさがそうとおもっています。","words":[{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"近い","gloss":"near","reading":"ちかい"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"さがそう","gloss":"plan to seek"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"am thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am thinking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt3.04.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt3.05","source":"私は 来年 日本へ 行こうと 思っています。","translation":"I am thinking of going to Japan next year.","reading":"わたくしはらいねんにほんへいこうとおもっています。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"来年","gloss":"next year","reading":"らいねん"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行こう","gloss":"plan to go","reading":"いこう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"am thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am thinking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt3.05.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt3.06","source":"あなたの お子さんは 日本語が 出来ますか。","translation":"Can your child speak Japanese?","reading":"あなたのおこさんはにほんごができますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"お","gloss":"child"},{"text":"子","gloss":"child","reading":"こ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"child"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt3.06.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt3.07","source":"出来ないんです。 それで、 おしえようと 思っているんです。","translation":"No. So I am thinking of teaching my child.","reading":"できないんです。それで、おしえようとおもっているんです。","words":[{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact is"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"so"},{"text":"おしえよう","gloss":"plan to teach"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"am thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact is"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt3.07.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt3.08","source":"あなたは 日本へ 行ってからも、 日本語の 勉強を つづけるつもりですか。","translation":"Do you intend to continue studying Japanese even after you go to Japan?","reading":"あなたはにほんへいってからも、にほんごのべんきょうをつづけるつもりですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"から","gloss":"after"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"even"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つづける","gloss":"continue"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt3.08.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt3.09","source":"はい、 つづけようと 思っています。","translation":"Yes, I am thinking of continuing.","reading":"はい、つづけようとおもっています。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"つづけよう","gloss":"plan to continue"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"am thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am thinking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt3.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"草花","gloss":"flowering plant, flower"},{"word":"近い","gloss":"near, close"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"},{"word":"つづける","gloss":"to continue (v.t.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Comparing plans and intentions · Pattern 3 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A stated future action","paragraphs":["*明日 行きます* means \"I will go tomorrow.\" It states the future action directly."]},{"title":"A contemplated intention","paragraphs":["In *明日 行こうと 思います*, the informal ending plus *と 思います* presents the action as contemplated.","*明日 行こうと 思います* means \"I am thinking of going tomorrow.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt3.10","source":"奥さんの たんじょう日に、 何か 買って 上げるのですか。","translation":"Are you going to buy your wife something for her birthday?","reading":"おくさんのたんじょうびに、なにかかってあげるのですか。","words":[{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"たんじょう","gloss":"birthday"},{"text":"日","gloss":"birthday","reading":"び"},{"text":"に、","gloss":"on"},{"text":"何","gloss":"something","reading":"なに"},{"text":"か","gloss":"something"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"上げる","gloss":"give","reading":"あげる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt3.10.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt3.11","source":"ええ、 うで時計を 買ってやろうと 思っています。","translation":"Yes, I am thinking of buying her a wristwatch.","reading":"ええ、うでどけいをかってやろうとおもっています。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"うで","gloss":"wristwatch"},{"text":"時計","gloss":"wristwatch","reading":"どけい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"やろう","gloss":"give her"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"am thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am thinking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt3.11.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt3.12","source":"明日 行きます。","translation":"I will go tomorrow.","reading":"あしたいきます。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt3.12.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt3.13","source":"明日 行こうと 思います。","translation":"I am thinking of going tomorrow.","reading":"あしたいこうとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"行こう","gloss":"plan to go","reading":"いこう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt3.13.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt3.14","source":"フランス映画を 見に 行きます。","translation":"I am going to see a French movie.","reading":"フランスえいがをみにいきます。","words":[{"text":"フランス","gloss":"French"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt3.14.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt3.15","source":"明日の 朝は 六時に 出かけます。","translation":"I will leave at six tomorrow morning.","reading":"あしたのあさはろくじにでかけます。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"出かけ","gloss":"leave","reading":"でかけ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt3.15.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt3.16","source":"ねつが さがらなければ、 医者に かかります。","translation":"If my fever does not go down, I will see a doctor.","reading":"ねつがさがらなければ、いしゃにかかります。","words":[{"text":"ねつ","gloss":"fever"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"さがら","gloss":"go down"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"医者","gloss":"doctor","reading":"いしゃ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かかり","gloss":"see"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt3.16.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt3.17","source":"八時頃 帰ります。","translation":"I will return around eight o'clock.","reading":"はちじごろかえります。","words":[{"text":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o'clock"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"帰り","gloss":"return"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt3.17.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt3.18","source":"今年 新しいのを 買います。","translation":"I will buy a new one this year.","reading":"ことしあたらしいのをかいます。","words":[{"text":"今年","gloss":"this year","reading":"ことし"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt3.18.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"上げる","gloss":"to give (to a superior) (v.t.)"},{"word":"朝","gloss":"morning"},{"word":"六","gloss":"six"},{"word":"ねつ","gloss":"fever"},{"word":"医者","gloss":"medical doctor"},{"word":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"word":"今年","gloss":"this year"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Describing newly formed habits · Pattern 4 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A new ability","paragraphs":["*日本語が わかるように なりました* means \"I have learned to understand Japanese.\"","Here *ように なりました* marks a change into a new ability."]},{"title":"A new repeated action","paragraphs":["*あかんぼうは 歩くように なりました* means \"The baby has started walking.\"","The verb before *ように なりました* names the action that now occurs."]}],"lines":[{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt4.m1","source":"日本語が わかるように なりました。","translation":"I have learned to (become to) understand Japanese.","reading":"にほんごがわかるようになりました。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"わかる","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"come to"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt4.m1.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt4.01","source":"あかんぼうは 歩くように なりました。","translation":"The baby has started walking.","reading":"あかんぼうはあるくようになりました。","words":[{"text":"あかんぼう","gloss":"baby"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"歩く","gloss":"walk","reading":"あるく"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"come to"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt4.01.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt4.02","source":"あの方は さかなを 食べるように なりました。","translation":"That person has started eating fish.","reading":"あのかたはさかなをたべるようになりました。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"come to"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt4.02.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt4.03","source":"パーカーさんは あまり あそばないように なりました。","translation":"Mr. Parker does not go out for fun very much anymore.","reading":"パーカーさんはあまりあそばないようになりました。","words":[{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"あそば","gloss":"go out"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"come to"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt4.03.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt4.04","source":"ジョンズさんは 朝早く おきるように なりました。","translation":"Mr. Jones has started getting up early in the morning.","reading":"ジョンズさんはあさはやくおきるようになりました。","words":[{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"おきる","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"come to"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt4.04.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt4.05","source":"私は 少し さけを 飲むように なりました。","translation":"I have started drinking a little sake.","reading":"わたくしはすこしさけをのむようになりました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"さけ","gloss":"sake"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"飲む","gloss":"drink","reading":"のむ"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"come to"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt4.05.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt4.06","source":"スミスさんは この頃 よく 出来るように なりましたね。","translation":"Mr. Smith has gotten quite good lately, hasn't he?","reading":"スミスさんはこのごろよくできるようになりましたね。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この頃","gloss":"lately"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"do well","reading":"できる"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"come to"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt4.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"あかんぼう","gloss":"baby"},{"word":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"word":"おきる","gloss":"to rise, get up (v.i.)"},{"word":"出来る","gloss":"to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Changes in habits over time · Pattern 4 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A habit that begins","paragraphs":["The *ように なりました* in *パーカーさんは この頃 よく 飲むように なりましたね* marks a newly formed habit.","*パーカーさんは この頃 よく 飲むように なりましたね* means \"Mr. Parker has started drinking a lot lately, hasn't he?\""]},{"title":"Change over time","paragraphs":["*年よりになると、 何でも わすれるように なりますね* describes a behavior that begins when people grow old.","The circumstances come first, followed by the behavior that starts."]}],"lines":[{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt4.07","source":"ええ、 この頃 よく 勉強しますからね。","translation":"Yes, because he studies hard these days.","reading":"ええ、このごろよくべんきょうしますからね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"この頃","gloss":"lately"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"hard"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt4.07.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt4.08","source":"年よりになると、 何でも わすれるように なりますね。","translation":"When people get old, they start forgetting everything, don't they?","reading":"としよりになると、なんでもわすれるようになりますね。","words":[{"text":"年より","gloss":"old person","reading":"としより"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"何","gloss":"everything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"も","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"わすれる","gloss":"forget"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"come to"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt4.08.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt4.09","source":"ええ、 私なども よくわすれますよ。","translation":"Yes, even I often forget things.","reading":"ええ、わたくしなどもよくわすれますよ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"など","gloss":"someone like"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"often"},{"text":"わすれ","gloss":"forget"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt4.09.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt4.10","source":"パーカーさんは この頃 よく 飲むように なりましたね。","translation":"Mr. Parker has started drinking a lot lately, hasn't he?","reading":"パーカーさんはこのごろよくのむようになりましたね。","words":[{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この頃","gloss":"lately"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"a lot"},{"text":"飲む","gloss":"drink","reading":"のむ"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"come to"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt4.10.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt4.11","source":"この頃ではありません。 前から よく 飲んで いましたよ。","translation":"It isn't just lately. He has been drinking a lot for a long time.","reading":"このごろではありません。まえからよくのんでいましたよ。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"these days","reading":"ごろ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"contrast"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"},{"text":"前","gloss":"before","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"a lot"},{"text":"飲ん","gloss":"had been drinking","reading":"のん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"had been drinking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"had been drinking"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"had been drinking"},{"text":"た","gloss":"had been drinking"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt4.11.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt4.12","source":"あかんぼうは 昨日から","translation":"The baby, since yesterday...","reading":"あかんぼうはきのうから","words":[{"text":"あかんぼう","gloss":"baby"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday","reading":"きのう"},{"text":"から","gloss":"since"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt4.12.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt4.13","source":"歩くように なりました。","translation":"Has started walking.","reading":"あるくようになりました。","words":[{"text":"歩く","gloss":"walk","reading":"あるく"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"come to"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt4.13.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Acting with an intention · Pattern 5 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The intention behind an action","paragraphs":["*私は 日本語を 習うつもりで、 この学校に 来ました* means \"I came to this school with the intention of learning Japanese.\"","Here *つもりで* states the intention accompanying the action."]},{"title":"A belief about a thing","paragraphs":["*この やさいは 新しい つもりで 私は 買いました* means \"I bought these vegetables thinking they were fresh.\"","Here the I-adjective before *つもりで* states a belief, not a purpose."]}],"lines":[{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt5.m1","source":"私は 勉強の つもりで 映画を 見に 行きます。","translation":"I go to see a movie with the intention of learning something.","reading":"わたくしはべんきょうのつもりでえいがをみにいきます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intention"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt5.m1.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt5.01","source":"私は 日本語を 習うつもりで、 この学校に 来ました。","translation":"I came to this school with the intention of learning Japanese.","reading":"わたくしはにほんごをならうつもりで、このがっこうにきました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習う","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならう"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intention"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"with"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt5.01.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt5.02","source":"あの人は 若いつもりで あそんでいます。","translation":"He thinks (is playing with the idea) that he is young.","reading":"あのひとはわかいつもりであそんでいます。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"若い","gloss":"young","reading":"わかい"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"belief"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"あそん","gloss":"is playing"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is playing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is playing"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is playing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt5.02.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt5.03","source":"私は 運動の つもりで 散歩しています。","translation":"I take walks for exercise.","reading":"わたくしはうんどうのつもりでさんぽしています。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"運動","gloss":"exercise","reading":"うんどう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intention"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"散歩","gloss":"take walks","reading":"さんぽ"},{"text":"し","gloss":"take walks"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take walks"},{"text":"い","gloss":"take walks"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"take walks"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt5.03.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt5.04","source":"私は 日本語の 勉強を つづける つもりで 日本へ 行きます。","translation":"I am going to Japan with the intention of continuing my Japanese studies.","reading":"わたくしはにほんごのべんきょうをつづけるつもりでにほんへいきます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つづける","gloss":"continue"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intention"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt5.04.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt5.05","source":"私は やせる つもりで 運動しています。","translation":"I exercise with the intention of losing weight.","reading":"わたくしはやせるつもりでうんどうしています。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やせる","gloss":"lose weight"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intention"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"運動","gloss":"exercise","reading":"うんどう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"exercise"},{"text":"て","gloss":"exercise"},{"text":"い","gloss":"exercise"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"exercise"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt5.05.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt5.06","source":"私は 明日の 朝 六時頃 出かける つもりでいます。","translation":"I intend to leave around six tomorrow morning.","reading":"わたくしはあしたのあさろくじごろでかけるつもりでいます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o'clock"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"出かける","gloss":"leave"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intention"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"い","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt5.06.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt5.07","source":"この やさいは 新しい つもりで 私は 買いました。","translation":"I bought these vegetables thinking they were fresh.","reading":"このやさいはあたらしいつもりでわたくしはかいました。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"these"},{"text":"やさい","gloss":"vegetables"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"fresh","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"belief"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt5.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"やせる","gloss":"to lose weight (v.i.)"},{"word":"やさい","gloss":"vegetable"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking someone's purpose · Pattern 5 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Asking the purpose","paragraphs":["*あなたは 何のつもりで、 サンフランシスコへ 行くのですか* means \"What are you going to San Francisco for?\"","In *何のつもりで*, *何* combines with *つもりで* to ask the purpose behind an action."]},{"title":"Keeping an idea in mind","paragraphs":["*そのつもりで 勉強しなさいよ* means \"keep that in mind when you study.\"","Here *その* refers to the stated fact that tomorrow's section is difficult."]}],"lines":[{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt5.08","source":"私は 上手な つもりで ゴルフを やっているのです。","translation":"I play golf thinking that I am good at it.","reading":"わたくしはじょうずなつもりでゴルフをやっているのです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"skilled","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"belief"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"play"},{"text":"て","gloss":"play"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"play"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt5.08.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt5.09","source":"明日のところは むずかしいから、 そのつもりで 勉強しなさいよ。","translation":"Tomorrow's section is difficult, so keep that in mind when you study.","reading":"あしたのところはむずかしいから、そのつもりでべんきょうしなさいよ。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"section"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"understanding"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なさい","gloss":"please"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt5.09.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt5.10","source":"はい、 かしこまりました。","translation":"Yes, I understand.","reading":"はい、かしこまりました。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"かしこまり","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt5.10.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt5.11","source":"あなたは 何のつもりで、 サンフランシスコへ 行くのですか。","translation":"What are you going to San Francisco for?","reading":"あなたはなんのつもりで、サンフランシスコへいくのですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"purpose"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"with"},{"text":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt5.11.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt5.12","source":"買物のつもりで 行きます。","translation":"I am going there to shop.","reading":"かいもののつもりでいきます。","words":[{"text":"買物","gloss":"shopping","reading":"かいもの"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"purpose"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt5.12.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt5.13","source":"田中さんは 今日も 仕事を 休んでいるのですか。","translation":"Is Mr. Tanaka absent from work again today?","reading":"たなかさんはきょうもしごとをやすんでいるのですか。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"も","gloss":"again"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"休ん","gloss":"is absent","reading":"やすん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is absent"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is absent"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt5.13.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L043.pt5.14","source":"ええ、 あの人は 病気ではないのですが、 自分では 病気のつもりで 居るらしいんです。","translation":"Yes, he isn't sick, but he apparently thinks he is.","reading":"ええ、あのひとはびょうきではないのですが、じぶんではびょうきのつもりでいるらしいんです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"sick","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"himself","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in his view"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"sick","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"belief"},{"text":"で","gloss":"as"},{"text":"居る","gloss":"thinks","reading":"いる"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.pt5.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ところ","gloss":"place (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"word":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"word":"買物","gloss":"shopping"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Japan's growing film industry · Reading Selection 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Recognition for Japanese films","paragraphs":["The passage describes the growth of Japanese cinema and its success at international festivals.","In *しょうを もらうように なって*, the *ように なって* pattern marks the new practice of winning awards."]},{"title":"Films sent abroad","paragraphs":["Japanese color films gain popularity for their beauty.","*映画会社は よい 映画を 作って 外国とくに アメリカ、英国、フランス、ドイツなどに ゆしゅつしています* names the main foreign markets."]}],"lines":[{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L043.rd.001","source":"日本には 映画に 行く 人が 大ぜい 居ます。","translation":"There are many people in Japan who go to the movies.","reading":"にほんにはえいがにいくひとがおおぜいいます。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大ぜい","gloss":"many","reading":"おおぜい"},{"text":"居","gloss":"exist","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L043.rd.002","source":"そのために、千九百五十年頃から 映画館が どん〳〵 ふえて 来ました。","translation":"For that reason, the number of movie theaters began to increase steadily around 1950.","reading":"そのために、せんきゅうひゃくごじゅうねんごろからえいがかんがどん〳〵ふえてきました。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"for that reason"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"for that reason"},{"text":"に、","gloss":"for that reason"},{"text":"千","gloss":"one thousand"},{"text":"九百","gloss":"nine hundred"},{"text":"五十","gloss":"fifty"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie theater","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"館","gloss":"movie theater","reading":"かん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"どん〳〵","gloss":"steadily"},{"text":"ふえ","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"began","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L043.rd.003","source":"映画を 作る 会社も 多く なりました。","translation":"The number of companies making movies also increased.","reading":"えいがをつくるかいしゃもおおくなりました。","words":[{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"作る","gloss":"make","reading":"つくる"},{"text":"会社","gloss":"companies","reading":"かいしゃ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"numerous","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L043.rd.004","source":"映画も よいのが 多く、イタリー、フランスなどの 映画さいで しょうを もらうように なって、日本映画の ひょうばんは きゅうに よく なりました。","translation":"There were many good movies, and as they began winning awards at film festivals in Italy, France, and other countries, the reputation of Japanese movies quickly improved.","reading":"えいがもよいのがおおく、イタリー、フランスなどのえいがさいでしょうをもらうようになって、にほんえいがのひょうばんはきゅうによくなりました。","words":[{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多く、","gloss":"many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"イタリー、","gloss":"Italy"},{"text":"フランス","gloss":"France"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"film festival","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"さい","gloss":"film festival"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"しょう","gloss":"awards"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もらう","gloss":"receive"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"come to"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ひょうばん","gloss":"reputation"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きゅう","gloss":"quickly"},{"text":"に","gloss":"quickly"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"better"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L043.rd.005","source":"又 日本の 天ねん色 映画は 外国のに くらべて じつに 美しく、人気が いいです。","translation":"Also, compared with foreign color films, Japanese color films are truly beautiful and popular.","reading":"またにほんのてんねんいろえいがはがいこくのにくらべてじつにうつくしく、にんきがいいです。","words":[{"text":"又","gloss":"also","reading":"また"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"天","gloss":"color","reading":"てん"},{"text":"ねん","gloss":"color"},{"text":"色","gloss":"color","reading":"いろ"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"films","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"くらべ","gloss":"compare"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"じつ","gloss":"truly"},{"text":"に","gloss":"truly"},{"text":"美しく、","gloss":"beautiful","reading":"うつくしく"},{"text":"人気","gloss":"popularity","reading":"にんき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L043.rd.006","source":"それで 映画会社は よい 映画を 作って 外国とくに アメリカ、英国、フランス、ドイツなどに ゆしゅつしています。","translation":"Therefore, movie companies make good movies and export them abroad, especially to the United States, Britain, France, Germany, and other countries.","reading":"それでえいがかいしゃはよいえいがをつくってがいこくとくにアメリカ、えいこく、フランス、ドイツなどにゆしゅつしています。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"で","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie company","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"会社","gloss":"movie company","reading":"かいしゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"作っ","gloss":"make","reading":"つくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"abroad","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"とくに","gloss":"especially"},{"text":"アメリカ、","gloss":"United States"},{"text":"英国、","gloss":"Britain","reading":"えいこく"},{"text":"フランス、","gloss":"France"},{"text":"ドイツ","gloss":"Germany"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"ゆ","gloss":"export"},{"text":"しゅ","gloss":"export"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"export"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"ongoing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"ongoing"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L043.rd.007","source":"日本には 又、外国の 映画が 沢山 来ています。","translation":"Many foreign movies also come to Japan.","reading":"にほんにはまた、がいこくのえいががたくさんきています。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"又、","gloss":"also","reading":"また"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are coming"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are coming"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.rd.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"大ぜい","gloss":"crowd (of people)"},{"word":"千","gloss":"1,000"},{"word":"九百","gloss":"900"},{"word":"五十","gloss":"50"},{"word":"作る","gloss":"to raise, to make"},{"word":"しょう","gloss":"award, reward"},{"word":"もらう","gloss":"to receive (tangible things)"},{"word":"アメリカ、","gloss":"America; U.S.A."},{"word":"英国、","gloss":"England"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Foreign films and television · Reading Selection 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Television and movie theaters","paragraphs":["The passage moves from imported films and language study to the rapid growth of television.","In *ここ一二年 映画館は ふえていません*, *ここ一二年* marks the recent span when movie theaters stopped increasing."]},{"title":"A change in viewing habits","paragraphs":["*人々は 見に 行かない ように なりました* means \"People no longer go to see a movie.\"","The *ように なりました* pattern marks the changed habit, which applies unless the film is quite good."]}],"lines":[{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L043.rd.008","source":"米国、","translation":"The United States,","reading":"べいこく、","words":[{"text":"米国、","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L043.rd.009","source":"英国、 フランス、 ドイツ、 イタリー、 ソれんなどで 作った 映画が 多いです。","translation":"There are many movies made in Britain, France, Germany, Italy, the Soviet Union, and other countries.","reading":"えいこく、フランス、ドイツ、イタリー、ソれんなどでつくったえいががおおいです。","words":[{"text":"英国、","gloss":"Britain","reading":"えいこく"},{"text":"フランス、","gloss":"France"},{"text":"ドイツ、","gloss":"Germany"},{"text":"イタリー、","gloss":"Italy"},{"text":"ソ","gloss":"Soviet Union"},{"text":"れん","gloss":"Soviet Union"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"作っ","gloss":"made","reading":"つくっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L043.rd.010","source":"ですから、 大きな 市に 住んでいると、 色々の 外国映画を 見る事が 出来るので、 外国語を 習っている 人には、 いい 勉強に なります。","translation":"Therefore, if you live in a large city, you can see various foreign movies, so they are good study for people learning foreign languages.","reading":"ですから、おおきなしにすんでいると、いろいろのがいこくえいがをみることができるので、がいこくごをならっているひとには、いいべんきょうになります。","words":[{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"市","gloss":"city","reading":"し"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"住ん","gloss":"live","reading":"すん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"live"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"live"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"色々","gloss":"various","reading":"いろいろ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign movies","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"foreign movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"see","reading":"みる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"can","reading":"できる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign language","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"語","gloss":"foreign language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are learning"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are learning"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L043.rd.011","source":"千九百六十年頃から テレビが どん〳〵 ふえて 来ました。","translation":"Television sets began to increase steadily around 1960.","reading":"せんきゅうひゃくろくじゅうねんごろからテレビがどん〳〵ふえてきました。","words":[{"text":"千","gloss":"one thousand"},{"text":"九百","gloss":"nine hundred"},{"text":"六十","gloss":"sixty"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"テレビ","gloss":"televisions"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"どん〳〵","gloss":"steadily"},{"text":"ふえ","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"began","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L043.rd.012","source":"それで、 映画に 行く人も 少くなったので、 ここ一二年 映画館は ふえていません。","translation":"As a result, fewer people went to the movies, so the number of movie theaters has not increased in the past one or two years.","reading":"それで、えいがにいくひともすくなくなったので、ここいちにねんえいがかんはふえていません。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"as a result"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"as a result"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"少く","gloss":"fewer","reading":"すくなく"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie theater"},{"text":"館","gloss":"movie theater"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ふえ","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"て","gloss":"ongoing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"ongoing"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.rd.012.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"ja.dli.L043.rd.013","source":"映画も かなりよいのでないと、 人々は 見に 行かない ように なりました。","translation":"People no longer go to see a movie unless it is quite good.","reading":"えいがもかなりよいのでないと、ひとびとはみにいかないようになりました。","words":[{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"も","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かなり","gloss":"quite"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"人々","gloss":"people","reading":"ひとびと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"way"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.rd.013.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"大きな","gloss":"big, large (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"六十","gloss":"60"},{"word":"かなり","gloss":"fairly"},{"word":"人々","gloss":"people"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Japanese films abroad · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Japanese films abroad","paragraphs":["The questions ask about cinema growth, festival awards, reputation, color films, and export markets.","*日本の 映画も 外国の 映画さいで、 しょうを もらいますか* means \"Do Japanese movies also win awards at foreign film festivals?\"","An answer states the fact from the reading in a complete sentence."]}],"lines":[{"number":156,"id":"ja.dli.L043.q.001","source":"日本には 映画に 行く人が 多いですか。","translation":"Are there many people in Japan who go to the movies?","reading":"にほんにはえいがにいくひとがおおいですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.q.001.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"ja.dli.L043.q.002","source":"千九百五十年頃から 映画館は きゅうに 多く なりましたか。","translation":"Did the number of movie theaters increase rapidly around 1950?","reading":"せんきゅうひゃくごじゅうねんごろからえいがかんはきゅうにおおくなりましたか。","words":[{"text":"千","gloss":"one thousand"},{"text":"九百","gloss":"nine hundred"},{"text":"五十","gloss":"fifty"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie theater","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"館","gloss":"movie theater","reading":"かん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きゅう","gloss":"rapidly"},{"text":"に","gloss":"rapidly"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"numerous","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.q.002.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"ja.dli.L043.q.003","source":"日本の 映画も 外国の 映画さいで、 しょうを もらいますか。","translation":"Do Japanese movies also win awards at foreign film festivals?","reading":"にほんのえいがもがいこくのえいがさいで、しょうをもらいますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"film festival","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"さい","gloss":"film festival"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"at"},{"text":"しょう","gloss":"awards"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もらい","gloss":"receive"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.q.003.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"ja.dli.L043.q.004","source":"日本映画は 外国でも ひょうばんが いいですか。","translation":"Do Japanese movies have a good reputation abroad, too?","reading":"にほんえいがはがいこくでもひょうばんがいいですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"abroad","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ひょうばん","gloss":"reputation"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.q.004.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"ja.dli.L043.q.005","source":"日本の 天ねん色映画は とくに 美しいですか。","translation":"Are Japanese color films especially beautiful?","reading":"にほんのてんねんいろえいがはとくにうつくしいですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"天","gloss":"color","reading":"てん"},{"text":"ねん","gloss":"color"},{"text":"色","gloss":"color","reading":"いろ"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"films","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"とくに","gloss":"especially"},{"text":"美しい","gloss":"beautiful","reading":"うつくしい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.q.005.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"ja.dli.L043.q.006","source":"日本では どこへ 映画を ゆしゅつしていますか。","translation":"Where does Japan export movies to?","reading":"にほんではどこへえいがをゆしゅつしていますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ゆ","gloss":"export"},{"text":"しゅ","gloss":"export"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"export"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"ongoing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"ongoing"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.q.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Foreign films and television audiences · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Foreign films and television","paragraphs":["The questions ask where films come from, how they support language study, and how television changed cinema attendance.","*外国映画は 外国語の 勉強に なりますか* means \"Do foreign movies help you study foreign languages?\"","An answer gives the reading's information in a complete sentence."]}],"lines":[{"number":162,"id":"ja.dli.L043.q.007","source":"日本は どこから 映画を ゆにゅうしますか。","translation":"Where does Japan import movies from?","reading":"にほんはどこからえいがをゆにゅうしますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ゆ","gloss":"import"},{"text":"にゅう","gloss":"import"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.q.007.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"ja.dli.L043.q.008","source":"日本では 小さい町でも 外国の 映画を 上映しますか。","translation":"Are foreign movies shown even in small towns in Japan?","reading":"にほんではちいさいまちでもがいこくのえいがをじょうえいしますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"小さい","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさい"},{"text":"町","gloss":"towns","reading":"まち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"上映","gloss":"show","reading":"じょうえい"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.q.008.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"ja.dli.L043.q.009","source":"外国映画は 外国語の 勉強に なりますか。","translation":"Do foreign movies help you study foreign languages?","reading":"がいこくえいがはがいこくごのべんきょうになりますか。","words":[{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign movies","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"foreign movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign language","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"語","gloss":"foreign language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.q.009.m4a"},{"number":165,"id":"ja.dli.L043.q.010","source":"日本には テレビが 多いですか。","translation":"Are there many television sets in Japan?","reading":"にほんにはテレビがおおいですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"テレビ","gloss":"televisions"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.q.010.m4a"},{"number":166,"id":"ja.dli.L043.q.011","source":"いつ頃から テレビが 多くなりましたか。","translation":"About when did television sets become common?","reading":"いつごろからテレビがおおくなりましたか。","words":[{"text":"いつ頃","gloss":"about when"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"テレビ","gloss":"televisions"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"common","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.q.011.m4a"},{"number":167,"id":"ja.dli.L043.q.012","source":"日本では この頃 映画に 行く人が ふえていますか。","translation":"Have more people been going to the movies in Japan lately?","reading":"にほんではこのごろえいがにいくひとがふえていますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この頃","gloss":"lately","reading":"このごろ"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ふえ","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"て","gloss":"ongoing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"ongoing"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.q.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"上映","gloss":"showing (movie)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Cinema and television words · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Cinema and television","paragraphs":["These words cover places, media, film production, and performers.","*映画館* means \"movie theater\", *テレビ* means \"television\", and *はいゆう* means \"actor.\"","The group also includes words for mood, color, reputation, companies, and popular stars."]}],"lines":[{"number":168,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.001","source":"映画館","translation":"movie theater","reading":"えいがかん","words":[{"text":"映画館","gloss":"movie theater","reading":"えいがかん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.001.m4a"},{"number":169,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.002","source":"ごらく","translation":"amusement, recreation","reading":"ごらく","words":[{"text":"ごらく","gloss":"amusement"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.002.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.003","source":"テレビ","translation":"television","reading":"テレビ","words":[{"text":"テレビ","gloss":"television"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.003.m4a"},{"number":171,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.004","source":"カラーテレビ","translation":"color television","reading":"カラーテレビ","words":[{"text":"カラーテレビ","gloss":"color television"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.004.m4a"},{"number":172,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.005","source":"気分","translation":"feeling","reading":"きぶん","words":[{"text":"気分","gloss":"feeling","reading":"きぶん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.005.m4a"},{"number":173,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.006","source":"天ねん色","translation":"technicolor, natural color","reading":"てんねんいろ","words":[{"text":"天ねん色","gloss":"natural color","reading":"てんねんいろ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.006.m4a"},{"number":174,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.007","source":"ひょうばん","translation":"reputation","reading":"ひょうばん","words":[{"text":"ひょうばん","gloss":"reputation"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.007.m4a"},{"number":175,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.008","source":"会社","translation":"company, firm","reading":"かいしゃ","words":[{"text":"会社","gloss":"company","reading":"かいしゃ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.008.m4a"},{"number":176,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.009","source":"はいゆう","translation":"actor","reading":"はいゆう","words":[{"text":"はいゆう","gloss":"actor"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.009.m4a"},{"number":177,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.010","source":"人気スター","translation":"popular star","reading":"にんきスター","words":[{"text":"人気スター","gloss":"popular star","reading":"にんきスター"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"映画館","gloss":"movie theater"},{"word":"カラーテレビ","gloss":"color television"},{"word":"天ねん色","gloss":"technicolor, natural color"},{"word":"はいゆう","gloss":"actor"},{"word":"人気スター","gloss":"popular star"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Film people and customs · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Film people and formats","paragraphs":["These words cover film personnel, film formats, customs, and changes in number.","*かんとく* means \"director\", *カラー映画* means \"color movie\", and *白黒映画* means \"black and white movie.\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 黒","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":178,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.011","source":"しゅえん","translation":"main character, featured","reading":"しゅえん","words":[{"text":"しゅえん","gloss":"starring role"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.011.m4a"},{"number":179,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.012","source":"かんとく","translation":"director, superintendent","reading":"かんとく","words":[{"text":"かんとく","gloss":"director"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.012.m4a"},{"number":180,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.013","source":"名","translation":"name","reading":"な","words":[{"text":"名","gloss":"name","reading":"な"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.013.m4a"},{"number":181,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.014","source":"しゅうかん","translation":"custom, habit","reading":"しゅうかん","words":[{"text":"しゅうかん","gloss":"custom"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.014.m4a"},{"number":182,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.015","source":"カラー映画","translation":"color movie","reading":"カラーえいが","words":[{"text":"カラー映画","gloss":"color movie","reading":"カラーえいが"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.015.m4a"},{"number":183,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.016","source":"白黒映画","translation":"black and white movie","reading":"しろくろえいが","words":[{"text":"白黒映画","gloss":"black-and-white movie","reading":"しろくろえいが"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.016.m4a"},{"number":184,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.017","source":"英国","translation":"England","reading":"えいこく","words":[{"text":"英国","gloss":"England","reading":"えいこく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.017.m4a"},{"number":185,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.018","source":"女ゆう","translation":"actress","reading":"じょゆう","words":[{"text":"女ゆう","gloss":"actress","reading":"じょゆう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.018.m4a"},{"number":186,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.019","source":"へる","translation":"to decrease","reading":"へる","words":[{"text":"へる","gloss":"decrease"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.019.m4a"},{"number":187,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.020","source":"ならぶ","translation":"to line up","reading":"ならぶ","words":[{"text":"ならぶ","gloss":"line up"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"しゅえん","gloss":"main character, featured"},{"word":"カラー映画","gloss":"color movie"},{"word":"白黒映画","gloss":"black and white movie"},{"word":"英国","gloss":"England"},{"word":"女ゆう","gloss":"actress"},{"word":"ならぶ","gloss":"to line up"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Words for change and intention · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Change and intention","paragraphs":["These expressions cover recent spans, contemplated actions, intentions, appearance, and changed abilities.","*ここ一二年* means \"these one or two years\", and *--のつもりで* means \"with the intention of.\"","*ようになります* describes beginning an action or becoming able to perform it."]}],"lines":[{"number":188,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.021","source":"しゅえんする","translation":"to play a feature part in a play","reading":"しゅえんする","words":[{"text":"しゅえんする","gloss":"play a feature role"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.021.m4a"},{"number":189,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.022","source":"きゅうに","translation":"suddenly","reading":"きゅうに","words":[{"text":"きゅうに","gloss":"suddenly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.022.m4a"},{"number":190,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.023","source":"どんどん","translation":"rapidly","reading":"どんどん","words":[{"text":"どんどん","gloss":"rapidly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.023.m4a"},{"number":191,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.024","source":"じつに","translation":"really, truly","reading":"じつに","words":[{"text":"じつに","gloss":"really"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.024.m4a"},{"number":192,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.025","source":"なるべく","translation":"as much as possible","reading":"なるべく","words":[{"text":"なるべく","gloss":"as much as possible"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.025.m4a"},{"number":193,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.026","source":"ここ一二年","translation":"these one or two years (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"ここいちにねん","words":[{"text":"ここ一二年","gloss":"these past two years","reading":"ここいちにねん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.026.m4a"},{"number":194,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.027","source":"--ようと思う","translation":"thinking of --- (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--ようとおもう","words":[{"text":"--ようと思う","gloss":"thinking of doing","reading":"--ようとおもう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.027.m4a"},{"number":195,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.028","source":"よさそう","translation":"appears good","reading":"よさそう","words":[{"text":"よさそう","gloss":"appears good"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.028.m4a"},{"number":196,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.029","source":"--のつもりで","translation":"with the intention of --","reading":"--のつもりで","words":[{"text":"--のつもりで","gloss":"intending to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.029.m4a"},{"number":197,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.030","source":"ようになります","translation":"to begin to --; become so that he will --- (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"ようになります","words":[{"text":"ようになります","gloss":"begin to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.030.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"しゅえんする","gloss":"to play a feature part in a play"},{"word":"きゅうに","gloss":"suddenly"},{"word":"どんどん","gloss":"rapidly"},{"word":"じつに","gloss":"really, truly"},{"word":"ここ一二年","gloss":"these one or two years (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"--ようと思う","gloss":"thinking of --- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"よさそう","gloss":"appears good"},{"word":"--のつもりで","gloss":"with the intention of --"},{"word":"ようになります","gloss":"to begin to --; become so that he will --- (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Describing film and television trends · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Film and television trends","paragraphs":["These examples describe current film production, television growth, film releases, and learning through repeated viewing.","*この頃、 カラーテレビが どんどん ふえています* means \"Color television sets have increased rapidly in number these days.\"","*映画を たびたび 見ると、言葉が わかるようになります* describes learning to understand words by seeing films often."]}],"lines":[{"number":198,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.031","source":"ふうきりになる","translation":"to be released (film)","reading":"ふうきりになる","words":[{"text":"ふうきりになる","gloss":"be released"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.031.m4a"},{"number":199,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.032","source":"この頃は カラー映画が 多いです。","translation":"There are many color movies these days.","reading":"このごろはカラーえいががおおいです。","words":[{"text":"この頃はカラー映画が多いです。","gloss":"many color movies nowadays","reading":"このごろはカラーえいががおおいです。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.032.m4a"},{"number":200,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.033","source":"この頃は 白黒、映画は あまり 作りません。","translation":"They don't make too many black and white movies these days.","reading":"このごろはしろくろ、えいがはあまりつくりません。","words":[{"text":"この頃は白黒、映画はあまり作りません。","gloss":"few black-and-white movies nowadays","reading":"このごろはしろくろ、えいがはあまりつくりません。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.033.m4a"},{"number":201,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.034","source":"この頃、 カラーテレビが どんどん ふえています。","translation":"Color television sets have increased rapidly in number these days.","reading":"このごろ、カラーテレビがどんどんふえています。","words":[{"text":"この頃、カラーテレビがどんどんふえています。","gloss":"color televisions increasing rapidly","reading":"このごろ、カラーテレビがどんどんふえています。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.034.m4a"},{"number":202,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.035","source":"映画を たびたび 見ると、言葉が わかるようになります。","translation":"If you see movies often, you'll learn to understand words.","reading":"えいがをたびたびみると、ことばがわかるようになります。","words":[{"text":"映画をたびたび見ると、言葉がわかるようになります。","gloss":"movies teach word comprehension","reading":"えいがをたびたびみると、ことばがわかるようになります。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.035.m4a"},{"number":203,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.036","source":"今度 アメリカ映画が 日本で ふうきりになります。","translation":"This time an American movie will be released in Japan.","reading":"こんどアメリカえいががにほんでふうきりになります。","words":[{"text":"今度アメリカ映画が日本でふうきりになります。","gloss":"American movie released Japan","reading":"こんどアメリカえいががにほんでふうきりになります。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.036.m4a"},{"number":204,"id":"ja.dli.L043.w.037","source":"日本の 人気 女ゆうは 山本ふじ子、 京まち子、 司よう子、 ばいしょう ちえ子 などです。","translation":"Japanese popular actresses are Fujiko Yamamoto, Machiko Kyoo, Yooko Tsukasa, Chieko Baishoo, etc.","reading":"にほんのにんきじょゆうはやまもとふじこ、きょうまちこ、つかさようこ、ばいしょうちえこなどです。","words":[{"text":"日本の人気女ゆうは山本ふじ子、京まち子、司よう子、ばいしょうちえ子などです。","gloss":"popular Japanese actresses etc.","reading":"にほんのにんきじょゆうはやまもとふじこ、きょうまちこ、つかさようこ、ばいしょうちえこなどです。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L043.w.037.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ふうきりになる","gloss":"to be released (film)"},{"word":"この頃はカラー映画が多いです。","gloss":"\"There are many color movies these days.\""},{"word":"この頃は白黒、映画はあまり作りません。","gloss":"\"They don't make too many black and white movies these days.\""},{"word":"この頃、カラーテレビがどんどんふえています。","gloss":"\"Color television sets have increased rapidly in number these days.\""},{"word":"映画をたびたび見ると、言葉がわかるようになります。","gloss":"\"If you see movies often, you'll learn to understand words.\""},{"word":"今度アメリカ映画が日本でふうきりになります。","gloss":"\"This time an American movie will be released in Japan.\""},{"word":"日本の人気女ゆうは山本ふじ子、京まち子、司よう子、ばいしょうちえ子などです。","gloss":"\"Japanese popular actresses are Fujiko Yamamoto, Machiko Kyoo, Yooko Tsukasa, Chieko Baishoo, etc.\""}],"paradigms":[]}]}