{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L046","title":"Lesson 46","stage":"Kanji and everyday Japanese","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 46: payday timing and location · dialogue 1 of 4, salaries, protecting pay from theft · dialogue 3 of 4, investigating theft and staying careful · dialogue 4 of 4, passive actions and misfortunes · perception drill, differences depending on circumstances · perception drill, grammar perception drill, experiencing passive actions · pattern 1 1 of 3, reporting unwanted actions · pattern 1 2 of 3, taking, differences between people and places · pattern 2 1 of 2, describing changing weather · pattern 2 2 of 2, pattern 3, advice when choices are limited · pattern 3 2 of 2, military pay and allowances · reading selection 1 of 2, preventing payday theft · reading selection 2 of 2, military pay procedures · questions 1 of 2, allowances, words for military payments · word list 1 of 4, barracks, caution, deductions.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/46","lines":178},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/45","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/47","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Payday timing and location · Dialogue 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Payday arrangements","paragraphs":["One speaker asks when payday occurs. *あなた方の 月給日は 月まつですか、 月始ですか* means \"Is your payday at the end of the month or at the beginning of the month?\"","The answer gives the usual time, then explains that payment occurs in the recreation room because the orderly room is crowded."]},{"title":"Kanji: 隊, 務","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L046.dlg.001","source":"あなた方の 月給日は 月まつですか、 月始ですか。","translation":"Is your payday at the end of the month or at the beginning of the month?","reading":"あなたがたのげっきゅうびはげつまつですか、つきはじめですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you all"},{"text":"方","gloss":"you all","reading":"がた"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"月給","gloss":"payday","reading":"げっきゅう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"payday","reading":"び"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"月","gloss":"month end","reading":"げつ"},{"text":"まつ","gloss":"month end"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"or"},{"text":"月","gloss":"month beginning","reading":"つき"},{"text":"始","gloss":"month beginning","reading":"はじめ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L046.dlg.002","source":"大抵 月まつです。","translation":"It's usually at the end of the month.","reading":"たいていげつまつです。","words":[{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"月","gloss":"month end","reading":"げつ"},{"text":"まつ","gloss":"month end"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L046.dlg.003","source":"中隊事務室で はらってもらうのですか。","translation":"Do you get paid in the company orderly room?","reading":"ちゅうたいじむしつではらってもらうのですか。","words":[{"text":"中隊","gloss":"company orderly room"},{"text":"事務","gloss":"company orderly room"},{"text":"室","gloss":"company orderly room"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"はらっ","gloss":"get paid"},{"text":"て","gloss":"get paid"},{"text":"もらう","gloss":"receive"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L046.dlg.004","source":"いいえ、 中隊事務室は せまいから、 ごらく室で はらってもらいます。 時々 食堂を 使います。","translation":"No, because the orderly room is not spacious; we are paid in the recreation room. At times they use the dining hall.","reading":"いいえ、ちゅうたいじむしつはせまいから、ごらくしつではらってもらいます。ときどきしょくどうをつかいます。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"中隊","gloss":"company orderly room"},{"text":"事務","gloss":"company orderly room"},{"text":"室","gloss":"company orderly room"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"せまい","gloss":"cramped"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ごらく","gloss":"recreation room"},{"text":"室","gloss":"recreation room","reading":"しつ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"はらっ","gloss":"get paid"},{"text":"て","gloss":"get paid"},{"text":"もらい","gloss":"receive"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"食堂","gloss":"dining hall","reading":"しょくどう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"使い","gloss":"use","reading":"つかい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L046.dlg.005","source":"だれが しはらいを しますか。","translation":"Who does the paying?","reading":"だれがしはらいをしますか。","words":[{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"しはらい","gloss":"payment"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.dlg.005.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"RERU, RARERU\n\n1. RERU, RARERU\n\nThe inflecting suffixes (sometimes called auxiliary verbs) RERU and RARERU are attached to the negative base of verbs to form the passive in Japanese. In the case of consonant verbs (regular verbs) the inflecting suffix RERU is attached to the negative base ---a, as was the case with the causative SERU in Lesson 45. Note the following consonant verbs (regular verbs):\n\nBase form | | Negative Base | Passive\nSASOU | (to invite) | SASOWA | SASOWARERU\nIKU | (to go) | IKA | IKARERU\nDASU | (to put out) | DASA | DASARERU\nTATSU | (to stand) | TATA | TATARERU\nYOBU | (to call) | YOBA | YOBARERU\nYOMU | (to read) | YOMA | YOMARERU\nTORU | (to take, steal) | TORA | TORARERU\nSHINU | (to die) | SHINA | SHINARERU\n\nThe resultant passive verbs lose their original consonant verb characteristics and become ERU vowel verbs. The inflection of causative verbs is as follows:\n\n| \n1. Negative base | SASOWARE NAI\n2. Conjunctive base | SASOWARE MASU\n3. Conclusive (Base form) | SASOWARERU\n4. Attributive form | SASOWARERU TOKI\n5. Conditional base | SASOWAREREBA\n6. Probability | SASOWAREYOO\n7. Imperative base | SASOWARE YO\n\nFor vowel verbs the final RU of the base form is replaced with RARERU.\n\n| | \nTABERU | (to eat) | TABERARERU\nMIRU | (to see) | MIRARERU\n\nThe passive of the irregular verbs KURU and SURU is KORARERU and SARERU. The passive form of the verb SURU was originally considered to be SERARERU, with SARERU as its contraction. However, the colloquial SARERU predominates. In all cases, passive verbs are ERU vowel verbs in their inflection.\n\nThe passive in Japanese is different from that of English. The basic psychology expressed behind the passive in Japanese is psychological and/or material suffering of the subject. The exceptions to this are a few verbs of praise, esteem, and affection. Since, in the basic Japanese passive, the subject must be able to feel psychological or material suffering, it is commonly limited to an animate being or a personified thing. However, due to a large influx of U.S. personnel in Japan after World War II, English has strongly influenced the Japanese language and quite often the passive is used with an inanimate thing as the subject. However, expressions such as \"The dishes are being washed\" or \"The door was closed\" should not be used.\n\nIn Japanese, the passive is formed just as often with intransitive verbs as with transitive verbs. In the former case the rendition into English becomes very awkward:\n\nWATAKUSHI WA KANAI NI KAERARETA, \"My wife left me.\" (literally: I was gone back (to her) home by my wife.)\n\nAs was the case with the causative, the doer or the agent of the action is indicated by the particle NI. The subject is the sufferer of the consequence of the agent's action.\n\nAs is the case in English, quite often the object of the verb is retained. The particle O remains as is.\n\nWATAKUSHI WA DOROBOO NI OKANE O SUKOSHI NUSUMAREMASHITA. \"I was robbed of some money by a thief.\""},{"section":2,"text":"--NI YOTTE CHIGAIMASU, \"It differs depending upon ---\"\n\n2. --NI YOTTE CHIGAIMASU, \"It differs depending upon ---\"\n\nFollowing nouns, NI YOTTE expresses an idea of 'depending on ---' or 'depending upon ---.'\n\nExamples:\n\nTENKI WA HI NI YOTTE CHIGAIMASU. \"The weather differs depending upon the day.\"\n\nMISE NI YOTTE NEDAN GA CHIGAIMASU. \"The price differs depending upon the store.\"\n\nHITO NI YOTTE HANASHI-KATA GA CHIGAIMASU. \"The manner of speaking differs depending upon the person.\""},{"section":3,"text":"--YORI HOKA WA ARIMASEN (NAI)\n\n3. --YORI HOKA WA ARIMASEN (NAI)\n\nThis is an idiomatic expression that follows the base form of verbs and means 'there is nothing we can do but ---.'\n\nMOTTO BENKYOO SURU YORI HOKA WA ARIMASEN. \"There is nothing we can do but study more.\"\n\nIKU YORI HOKA WA ARIMASEN. \"There is nothing we can do but go.\""},{"section":4,"text":"---NI KAKETE\n\n4. ---NI KAKETE\n\nThis phrase is used to mean 'spanning,' 'extending,' or 'from -- to' in relation to time and area.\n\nMONTANA KARA ARIZONA NI KAKETE SONO BYOOKI WA OOI DESU. \"That disease is very common, extending from Montana to Arizona.\"\n\nJUUICHI GATSU KARA SHIGATSU NI KAKETE AME GA YOKU FURIMASU. \"It rains often from November to April.\"\n\nThis phrase has one other meaning. When it is followed by WA, it means 'concerning.' Usually the particle WA goes with it in this usage.\n\nANO HITO WA KABUKI NI KAKETE WA YOKU SHITTE IMASU. \"Concerning KABUKI, he knows it well.\"\n\nIn this usage the meaning is the same as that of NI TSUITE (WA)."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"月給","gloss":"monthly wage"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"月","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"か、","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"中隊","gloss":"company"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"もらう","gloss":"to receive (tangible things)"},{"word":"せまい","gloss":"narrow, crowded"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ごらく","gloss":"amusement, recreation"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"時々","gloss":"sometimes, occasionally"},{"word":"食堂","gloss":"dining hall, dining room"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"だれ","gloss":"who?"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"しはらい","gloss":"payment"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Salaries, cheques and allowances · Dialogue 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Cash, checks, and allowances","paragraphs":["The speakers compare salary payments in cash and by check. *所によって ちがいます* means \"It differs, depending upon the place.\"","They then discuss allowances sent to a service member's family."]},{"title":"What changes and what is sent","paragraphs":["In *所によって ちがいます*, *によって* marks the place that determines the difference.","In *家の方へ ゆうびんで 送られます*, the passive *送られます* reports that the allowance is sent home by mail."]},{"title":"Kanji: 将","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 行","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L046.dlg.006","source":"大抵 かかりの 将校が しはらいます。","translation":"Usually the officer in charge does the paying.","reading":"たいていかかりのしょうこうがしはらいます。","words":[{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"かかり","gloss":"in charge"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"将校","gloss":"officer","reading":"しょうこう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"しはらい","gloss":"pay"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.dlg.006.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L046.dlg.007","source":"給料は 現金で しはらうのですか、 小切手ですか。","translation":"Is the salary paid in cash or paid by check?","reading":"きゅうりょうはげんきんでしはらうのですか、こぎってですか。","words":[{"text":"給料","gloss":"salary","reading":"きゅうりょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"現金","gloss":"cash","reading":"げんきん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"しはらう","gloss":"pay"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"or"},{"text":"小切手","gloss":"check","reading":"こぎって"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L046.dlg.008","source":"所によって ちがいます。 ある 所では 現金ですが、 ある 所では 小切手です。","translation":"It differs, depending upon the place. At some places it is cash but at some places it is check.","reading":"ところによってちがいます。あるところではげんきんですが、あるところではこぎってです。","words":[{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending"},{"text":"ちがい","gloss":"differ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"現金","gloss":"cash","reading":"げんきん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"小切手","gloss":"check","reading":"こぎって"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L046.dlg.009","source":"月給の外に 手当も あるのでしょうが、 それも 給料と 一しょに もらうのですか。","translation":"I imagine you get allowances besides your salary, but do you receive them, too, with your salary?","reading":"げっきゅうのほかにてあてもあるのでしょうが、それもきゅうりょうといっしょにもらうのですか。","words":[{"text":"月給","gloss":"monthly salary","reading":"げっきゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"外","gloss":"outside","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"手当","gloss":"allowance","reading":"てあて"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"those"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"給料","gloss":"salary","reading":"きゅうりょう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"一しょ","gloss":"together","reading":"いっしょ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"together"},{"text":"もらう","gloss":"receive"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L046.dlg.010","source":"ええ、 でも 家ぞくに 行く 手当は 家内の 名で 家の方へ ゆうびんで 送られます。","translation":"Yes, but the allowance going to the family is sent through the mail to the home and in the wife's name.","reading":"ええ、でもかぞくにいくてあてはかないのなでうちのほうへゆうびんでおくられます。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も","gloss":"but"},{"text":"家ぞく","gloss":"family","reading":"かぞく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"going","reading":"いく"},{"text":"手当","gloss":"allowance","reading":"てあて"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"家内","gloss":"wife","reading":"かない"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"名","gloss":"name","reading":"な"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"うち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"direction","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"ゆうびん","gloss":"mail"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"送ら","gloss":"send","reading":"おくら"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is sent"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.dlg.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"給料","gloss":"wage, salary"},{"word":"現金","gloss":"cash"},{"word":"しはらう","gloss":"to pay"},{"word":"小切手","gloss":"check"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"手当","gloss":"medical treatment"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"家ぞく","gloss":"family"},{"word":"名","gloss":"name"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ゆうびん","gloss":"postal service"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Protecting pay from theft · Dialogue 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Theft after payday","paragraphs":["The speakers discuss money stolen in the barracks after payday. *月給日の あと、 兵しゃで お金を ぬすまれる 事が あるそうですね* asks whether this occurs.","*お金を 大切にするように ちゅういされます* reports that the soldiers are cautioned to take good care of their money.","The conversation ends by asking whether pay can be sent to a bank."]},{"title":"Kanji: 兵, 箱","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 銀, 私, 物","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L046.dlg.011","source":"月給日の あと、 兵しゃで お金を ぬすまれる 事が あるそうですね。","translation":"I understand that your money is stolen at the barracks after payday, isn't that right?","reading":"げっきゅうびのあと、へいしゃでおかねをぬすまれることがあるそうですね。","words":[{"text":"月給","gloss":"payday","reading":"げっきゅう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"payday","reading":"び"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"あと、","gloss":"after"},{"text":"兵","gloss":"barracks","reading":"へい"},{"text":"しゃ","gloss":"barracks"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"お","gloss":"money"},{"text":"金","gloss":"money","reading":"かね"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ぬすま","gloss":"steal"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"is stolen"},{"text":"事","gloss":"occurrence","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"happens"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I understand"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L046.dlg.012","source":"ええ、 毎月 その頃に なると、 私物箱に かぎを かけたり、 お金を 大切にするように ちゅういされます。","translation":"Yes, we are cautioned every month about that time, to lock our footlockers and to take good care of our money.","reading":"ええ、まいつきそのころになると、しぶつばこにかぎをかけたり、おかねをたいせつにするようにちゅういされます。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"毎月","gloss":"every month","reading":"まいつき"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"time","reading":"ころ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"around"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"becomes"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"私物","gloss":"footlocker","reading":"しぶつ"},{"text":"箱","gloss":"footlocker","reading":"ばこ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"かぎ","gloss":"lock"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かけ","gloss":"lock"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"お","gloss":"money"},{"text":"金","gloss":"money","reading":"かね"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"大切","gloss":"good care","reading":"たいせつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"する","gloss":"take"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"so that"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"ちゅうい","gloss":"caution"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"are cautioned"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.dlg.012.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L046.dlg.013","source":"現金を ぬすまれると、 こまりますね。","translation":"You don't know what to do, when you have cash stolen, do you?","reading":"げんきんをぬすまれると、こまりますね。","words":[{"text":"現金","gloss":"cash","reading":"げんきん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ぬすま","gloss":"steal"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"is stolen"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"こまり","gloss":"be at a loss"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L046.dlg.014","source":"ええ、 だれが どろぼうか わかりませんからね。","translation":"Yes, because you don't know who the thief is.","reading":"ええ、だれがどろぼうかわかりませんからね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"どろぼう","gloss":"thief"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"know"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you know"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L046.dlg.015","source":"銀行に 給料を 送ってもらう 事は 出来ませんか。","translation":"Can't you have your salary sent to the bank?","reading":"ぎんこうにきゅうりょうをおくってもらうことはできませんか。","words":[{"text":"銀行","gloss":"bank","reading":"ぎんこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"給料","gloss":"salary","reading":"きゅうりょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"送っ","gloss":"send","reading":"おくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"send"},{"text":"もらう","gloss":"have done"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.dlg.015.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"頃","gloss":"approximate point of time (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ちゅうい","gloss":"first lieutenant"},{"word":"どろぼう","gloss":"thief, robber"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"銀行","gloss":"bank"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Investigating theft and staying careful · Dialogue 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"When property disappears","paragraphs":["A company commander gathers and searches the soldiers when property disappears or is stolen. Cash remains hard to trace.","*中隊で 物が なくなったり、 だれかに 物を ぬすまれたり した 時には、 中隊長は どうしますか* asks what the commander does in such cases."]},{"title":"The only remaining action","paragraphs":["*自分で ちゅういするより 外は ありません* means \"There is nothing you can do but be careful yourself.\"","Listen for *より 外は ありません* after the action that remains when no alternative is available."]},{"title":"Kanji: 長","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L046.dlg.016","source":"出来ます。 将校には 送ってもらう 人が 多いようです。","translation":"You can. It seems there are many among officers who have theirs sent.","reading":"できます。しょうこうにはおくってもらうひとがおおいようです。","words":[{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"将校","gloss":"officers","reading":"しょうこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"送っ","gloss":"send","reading":"おくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"send"},{"text":"もらう","gloss":"have done"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L046.dlg.017","source":"中隊で 物が なくなったり、 だれかに 物を ぬすまれたり した 時には、 中隊長は どうしますか。","translation":"When things disappear or are stolen in the company, what does the company commander do?","reading":"ちゅうたいでものがなくなったり、だれかにものをぬすまれたりしたときには、ちゅうたいちょうはどうしますか。","words":[{"text":"中隊","gloss":"company","reading":"ちゅうたい"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"なくなっ","gloss":"disappear"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"or"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"someone"},{"text":"か","gloss":"someone"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ぬすま","gloss":"steal"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"are stolen"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"or"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"時","gloss":"when","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"中隊","gloss":"company commander","reading":"ちゅうたい"},{"text":"長","gloss":"company commander","reading":"ちょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L046.dlg.018","source":"中隊の 兵を 皆 あつめて、 一人一人 しらべます。 だが 現金ですと、 中々 わかりませんね。","translation":"He assembles the soldiers of the company and searches them one by one. But if it's cash, you can't find it easily.","reading":"ちゅうたいのへいをみなあつめて、ひとりひとりしらべます。だがげんきんですと、なかなかわかりませんね。","words":[{"text":"中隊","gloss":"company","reading":"ちゅうたい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"兵","gloss":"soldiers","reading":"へい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"あつめ","gloss":"assemble"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"一人一人","gloss":"one by one","reading":"ひとりひとり"},{"text":"しらべ","gloss":"search"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"but"},{"text":"が","gloss":"but"},{"text":"現金","gloss":"cash","reading":"げんきん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"中々","gloss":"easily","reading":"なかなか"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"find out"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.dlg.018.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L046.dlg.019","source":"自分で ちゅういするより 外は ありませんね。","translation":"There is nothing you can do but be careful (yourself), is there?","reading":"じぶんでちゅういするよりほかはありませんね。","words":[{"text":"自分","gloss":"oneself","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"ちゅうい","gloss":"caution"},{"text":"する","gloss":"be careful"},{"text":"より","gloss":"other than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"alternative","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L046.dlg.020","source":"そうです。","translation":"That's right.","reading":"そうです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that's right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.dlg.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"一人一人","gloss":"one by one, one person at a time"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"中々","gloss":"considerably, very"},{"word":"自分","gloss":"self"},{"word":"より","gloss":"than (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Passive actions and misfortunes · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"An action experienced by the subject","paragraphs":["*私は 町で 先生に 見られました* means \"I was seen by a teacher in town.\" The passive reports an action directed at the subject.","A consonant verb adds *RERU* to its negative base. A vowel verb replaces its final *RU* with *RARERU*."]},{"title":"The person affected and the agent","paragraphs":["The subject often suffers from the action. The agent takes *に*, while an object keeps *を*.","*私は いぬに 肉を 食べられました* means \"I had my beef eaten by a dog.\" The dog acts, and the speaker suffers the result."]}],"lines":[{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp1.01","source":"あの 医者は よく 知られています。","translation":"That doctor is well-known.","reading":"あのいしゃはよくしられています。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"医者","gloss":"doctor","reading":"いしゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"知ら","gloss":"know","reading":"しら"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is known"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is known"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is known"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp1.02","source":"私は 町で 先生に 見られました。","translation":"I was seen by a teacher in town.","reading":"わたくしはまちでせんせいにみられました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"was seen"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp1.03","source":"私は いぬに 肉を 食べられました。","translation":"I had my beef eaten by a dog.","reading":"わたくしはいぬににくをたべられました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いぬ","gloss":"dog"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"肉","gloss":"beef","reading":"にく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"was eaten"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp1.04","source":"家内に 病気に なられました。","translation":"I suffered the misfortune of having my wife becoming sick.","reading":"かないにびょうきになられました。","words":[{"text":"家内","gloss":"wife","reading":"かない"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"sick","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"become"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"become"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"became sick"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp1.05","source":"私は 子供の 時に 日本へ つれて 行かれました。","translation":"I was taken to Japan when I was a child.","reading":"わたくしはこどものときににほんへつれていかれました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was taken"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp1.06","source":"私は 先生に たびたび 言葉の はつおんを なおされます。","translation":"My teacher often corrects my pronunciation of words.","reading":"わたくしはせんせいにたびたびことばのはつおんをなおされます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"たびたび","gloss":"often"},{"text":"言葉","gloss":"words","reading":"ことば"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"pronunciation"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"pronunciation"},{"text":"おん","gloss":"pronunciation"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"なおさ","gloss":"correct"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is corrected"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp1.07","source":"生徒は この 学校を 出てから 日本へ 送られます。","translation":"The students are sent to Japan after graduating from this school.","reading":"せいとはこのがっこうをでてからにほんへおくられます。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"from"},{"text":"出","gloss":"leave","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"leave"},{"text":"から","gloss":"after"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"送ら","gloss":"send","reading":"おくら"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"are sent"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp1.08","source":"大切な さくらの 木を 子供に 切られました。","translation":"A child cut down my precious cherry tree.","reading":"たいせつなさくらのきをこどもにきられました。","words":[{"text":"大切","gloss":"precious","reading":"たいせつ"},{"text":"な","gloss":"precious"},{"text":"さくら","gloss":"cherry"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"木","gloss":"tree","reading":"き"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"切ら","gloss":"cut down","reading":"きら"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was cut down"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp1.09","source":"この 学校は 米国では よく 知られています。","translation":"This school is well known in the United States.","reading":"このがっこうはべいこくではよくしられています。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"知ら","gloss":"know","reading":"しら"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is known"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is known"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is known"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp1.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"医者","gloss":"medical doctor"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"町","gloss":"town"},{"word":"いぬ","gloss":"dog"},{"word":"肉","gloss":"meat, flesh"},{"word":"なら","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"たびたび","gloss":"often, frequently"},{"word":"さくら","gloss":"cherry (flower)"},{"word":"木","gloss":"tree, wood"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Differences depending on circumstances · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"A difference that depends on place","paragraphs":["*所によって ちがいます* means \"It differs depending upon the place.\" *によって* follows the noun that determines the difference."]},{"title":"The noun that determines the difference","paragraphs":["The same form follows other nouns. *生徒によって ちがいます* means \"It depends on the student.\"","The lines contrast places, days, years, kanji, and students by changing the noun before *によって*."]}],"lines":[{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp2.01","source":"所によって ちがいます。","translation":"It differs depending upon the place.","reading":"ところによってちがいます。","words":[{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending"},{"text":"ちがい","gloss":"differs"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp2.01.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp2.02","source":"モンテレーは いつも 朝 きりが ありますか。","translation":"Is there always fog in Monterey in the morning?","reading":"モンテレーはいつもあさきりがありますか。","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"きり","gloss":"fog"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp2.02.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp2.03","source":"日によって ちがいます。","translation":"It differs from day to day.","reading":"ひによってちがいます。","words":[{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending"},{"text":"ちがい","gloss":"differs"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp2.03.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp2.04","source":"かん字は 皆 むずかしいですか。","translation":"Are all kanji difficult?","reading":"かんじはみなむずかしいですか。","words":[{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp2.04.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp2.05","source":"いいえ、 かん字によって ちがいます。 ある かん字は やさしいです。","translation":"No, it depends on the kanji. Some kanji are easy.","reading":"いいえ、かんじによってちがいます。あるかんじはやさしいです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending"},{"text":"ちがい","gloss":"differs"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp2.05.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp2.06","source":"毎年 一月には 雨が 降りますか。","translation":"Does it rain every January?","reading":"まいねんいちがつにはあめがふりますか。","words":[{"text":"毎年","gloss":"every year"},{"text":"一","gloss":"January"},{"text":"月","gloss":"January"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"fall","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp2.06.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp2.07","source":"年によって ちがいます。","translation":"It differs from year to year.","reading":"としによってちがいます。","words":[{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"とし"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending"},{"text":"ちがい","gloss":"differs"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp2.07.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp2.08","source":"この 学校の 生徒は 皆 同じように 勉強しますか。","translation":"Do all the students at this school study in the same way?","reading":"このがっこうのせいとはみなおなじようにべんきょうしますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"同じ","gloss":"same","reading":"おなじ"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"way"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp2.08.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp2.09","source":"いいえ。 生徒によって ちがいます。","translation":"No. It depends on the student.","reading":"いいえ。せいとによってちがいます。","words":[{"text":"いいえ。","gloss":"no"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending"},{"text":"ちがい","gloss":"differs"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp2.09.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp2.10","source":"米国の 夏は どうですか。","translation":"What are summers like in the United States?","reading":"べいこくのなつはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summers","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp2.10.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp2.11","source":"米国は ひろい くにですから、 所によって ちがいます。 ある 所は あついですが、 ある 所は すずしいです。","translation":"Because the United States is a large country, it differs from place to place. Some places are hot, but others are cool.","reading":"べいこくはひろいくにですから、ところによってちがいます。あるところはあついですが、あるところはすずしいです。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ひろい","gloss":"large"},{"text":"くに","gloss":"country"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending"},{"text":"ちがい","gloss":"differs"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あつい","gloss":"hot"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"すずしい","gloss":"cool"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp2.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"word":"いつ","gloss":"when?"},{"word":"朝","gloss":"morning"},{"word":"きり","gloss":"fog"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"word":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"word":"毎年","gloss":"every year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"夏","gloss":"summer"},{"word":"ひろい","gloss":"wide"},{"word":"あつい","gloss":"hot"},{"word":"すずしい","gloss":"cool"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Grammar Perception Drill, Block 3","teaching":[{"title":"The only action available","paragraphs":["*気を つけるより外は ありません* means \"There is nothing to do but be careful.\"","*より外は ありません* follows the base form of a verb. It presents that verb's action as the only available course."]},{"title":"A longer action before the expression","paragraphs":["*かん字は 何度も 書いて おぼえるより外は ありません* means \"There is nothing to do but write kanji over and over to learn them.\"","The full action comes before *より外は ありません*."]}],"lines":[{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp3.01","source":"生徒は ダイアログを おぼえるより外は ありません。","translation":"There is nothing students can do but memorize the dialogue.","reading":"せいとはダイアログをおぼえるよりほかはありません。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ダイアログ","gloss":"dialogue"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おぼえる","gloss":"memorize"},{"text":"より","gloss":"other than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"alternative","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp3.01.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp3.02","source":"かん字は 何度も 書いて おぼえるより外は ありません。","translation":"There is nothing to do but write kanji over and over to learn them.","reading":"かんじはなんどもかいておぼえるよりほかはありません。","words":[{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"度","gloss":"times","reading":"ど"},{"text":"も","gloss":"again and again"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"write"},{"text":"おぼえる","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"より","gloss":"other than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"alternative","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp3.02.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp3.03","source":"気を つけるより外は ありません。","translation":"There is nothing to do but be careful.","reading":"きをつけるよりほかはありません。","words":[{"text":"気","gloss":"care","reading":"き"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つける","gloss":"take"},{"text":"より","gloss":"other than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"alternative","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp3.03.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp3.04","source":"新しい 車を 買うより外は ありません。","translation":"There is nothing to do but buy a new car.","reading":"あたらしいくるまをかうよりほかはありません。","words":[{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"くるま"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"より","gloss":"other than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"alternative","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp3.04.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp3.05","source":"家で 三時間ぐらい 勉強するより外は ありません。","translation":"There is nothing to do but study at home for about three hours.","reading":"うちでさんじかんぐらいべんきょうするよりほかはありません。","words":[{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"うち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"より","gloss":"other than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"alternative","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp3.05.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L046.gp3.06","source":"入院するより 外は ありません。","translation":"There is nothing to do but go into the hospital.","reading":"にゅういんするよりほかはありません。","words":[{"text":"入院","gloss":"hospitalization","reading":"にゅういん"},{"text":"する","gloss":"enter hospital"},{"text":"より","gloss":"other than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"alternative","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.gp3.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ダイアログ","gloss":"dialogue"},{"word":"おぼえる","gloss":"to memorize, remember (v.t.)"},{"word":"車","gloss":"vehicle, car"},{"word":"買う","gloss":"to buy"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"時間","gloss":"hour, time"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Experiencing passive actions · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Passive actions and their effects","paragraphs":["*私は うで時計を ぬすまれました* means \"I had my wrist watch stolen.\" The passive from *RERU* and *RARERU* reports an action received by a person.","*雨に 降られて、 ゴルフが 出来ませんでした* means \"I was rained on and couldn't play golf.\" An intransitive verb can also report an adverse experience."]}],"lines":[{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.01","source":"あの 医者は よく 知られています","translation":"That doctor is well-known.","reading":"あのいしゃはよくしられています","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"医者","gloss":"doctor","reading":"いしゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"知ら","gloss":"know","reading":"しら"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is known"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is known"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is known"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.02","source":"私は うで時計を ぬすまれました。","translation":"I had my wrist watch stolen.","reading":"わたくしはうでどけいをぬすまれました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"う","gloss":"wristwatch"},{"text":"で","gloss":"wristwatch"},{"text":"時計","gloss":"wristwatch","reading":"どけい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ぬすま","gloss":"steal"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was stolen"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.03","source":"友だちに 映画へ さそわれました。","translation":"I was invited to a movie by a friend.","reading":"ともだちにえいがへさそわれました。","words":[{"text":"友だち","gloss":"friend","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"さそわ","gloss":"invite"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was invited"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.04","source":"雨に 降られて、 ゴルフが 出来ませんでした。","translation":"I was rained on and couldn't play golf.","reading":"あめにふられて、ゴルフができませんでした。","words":[{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"降ら","gloss":"fall","reading":"ふら"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was rained on"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.05","source":"私は 先生に 事務所へ よばれました。","translation":"I was called to the office by the teacher.","reading":"わたくしはせんせいにじむしょへよばれました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"事務","gloss":"office","reading":"じむ"},{"text":"所","gloss":"office","reading":"しょ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"よば","gloss":"call"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was called"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.06","source":"パーカーさんは かみを 短かくかられました。","translation":"Mr. Parker had his hair cut short.","reading":"パーカーさんはかみをみじかくかられました。","words":[{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かみ","gloss":"hair"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"短かく","gloss":"short","reading":"みじかく"},{"text":"から","gloss":"cut"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"had cut"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.07","source":"スミスさんは ベトナムへ 送られました。","translation":"Mr. Smith was sent to Vietnam.","reading":"スミスさんはベトナムへおくられました。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ベトナム","gloss":"Vietnam"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"送ら","gloss":"send","reading":"おくら"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was sent"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.08","source":"山本さんは 教かしょを ぬすまれました。","translation":"Mr. Yamamoto had his textbook stolen.","reading":"やまもとさんはきょうかしょをぬすまれました。","words":[{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"教","gloss":"textbook","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"か","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"しょ","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ぬすま","gloss":"steal"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was stolen"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.09","source":"先生に まちがいを なおされました。","translation":"My mistake was corrected by the teacher.","reading":"せんせいにまちがいをなおされました。","words":[{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"まちがい","gloss":"mistake"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"なおさ","gloss":"correct"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was corrected"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.10","source":"私は さけを 飲むのを きんじられました。","translation":"I was forbidden to drink liquor.","reading":"わたくしはさけをのむのをきんじられました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さけ","gloss":"liquor"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"飲む","gloss":"drink","reading":"のむ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"きんじ","gloss":"forbid"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"was forbidden"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.10.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"映画","gloss":"movie"},{"word":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"word":"かみ","gloss":"hair"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Reporting unwanted actions · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"An unwanted action and its result","paragraphs":["*あなたは この間 車を ぬすまれたそうですね* means \"I hear you had your car stolen the other day.\" The passive reports the unwanted completed action.","*中から かぎを かけられて、 はいる 事が 出来ないのです* means \"Someone locked the door from the inside, so I can't get in.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.11","source":"あなたは 先週 かぶきに 行ったそうですね。","translation":"I hear you went to kabuki last week.","reading":"あなたはせんしゅうかぶきにいったそうですね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"先週","gloss":"last week","reading":"せんしゅう"},{"text":"かぶき","gloss":"Kabuki"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.12","source":"ええ、 田中さんに さそわれて 行きました。","translation":"Yes, Mr. Tanaka invited me, so I went.","reading":"ええ、たなかさんにさそわれていきました。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"さそわ","gloss":"invite"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was invited"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.13","source":"あなたは この間 車を ぬすまれたそうですね。","translation":"I hear you had your car stolen the other day.","reading":"あなたはこのあいだくるまをぬすまれたそうですね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"the other day"},{"text":"間","gloss":"the other day","reading":"あいだ"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"くるま"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ぬすま","gloss":"steal"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was stolen"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.14","source":"そうですよ。 この頃は どろぼうが 多いですね。","translation":"That’s right. There are a lot of thieves these days, aren’t there?","reading":"そうですよ。このごろはどろぼうがおおいですね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that's right"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"この頃","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どろぼう","gloss":"thieves"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.15","source":"なぜ ここに たっているのですか。","translation":"Why are you standing here?","reading":"なぜここにたっているのですか。","words":[{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"たっ","gloss":"are standing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are standing"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are standing"},{"text":"の","gloss":"that"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.15.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.16","source":"中から かぎを かけられて、 はいる 事が 出来ないのです。","translation":"Someone locked the door from the inside, so I can’t get in.","reading":"なかからかぎをかけられて、はいることができないのです。","words":[{"text":"中","gloss":"inside","reading":"なか"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"かぎ","gloss":"key"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かけ","gloss":"lock"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"was locked"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"so"},{"text":"はいる","gloss":"get in"},{"text":"事","gloss":"the act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"cannot","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"cannot"},{"text":"の","gloss":"that"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.17","source":"読む","translation":"to read","reading":"よむ","words":[{"text":"読む","gloss":"read","reading":"よむ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.17.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.18","source":"つれて行く","translation":"to take someone along","reading":"つれていく","words":[{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"take along","reading":"いく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.19","source":"よろこぶ","translation":"to be pleased","reading":"よろこぶ","words":[{"text":"よろこぶ","gloss":"be pleased"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.20","source":"帰る","translation":"to return","reading":"かえる","words":[{"text":"帰る","gloss":"return","reading":"かえる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.20.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"先週","gloss":"last week"},{"word":"かぶき","gloss":"Kabuki"},{"word":"この頃","gloss":"these days, nowadays"},{"word":"なぜ","gloss":"why?"},{"word":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"はいる","gloss":"to enter, to go in"},{"word":"よろこぶ","gloss":"to rejoice, be delighted"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Taking, eating and forgetting · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Verbs with different passive forms","paragraphs":["*取る* means \"to take,\" and *食べる* means \"to eat.\" They supply consonant and vowel verbs for the passive forms from *RERU* and *RARERU*.","*来る*, \"to come,\" and *病気をする*, \"to become ill,\" supply irregular verbs."]}],"lines":[{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.21","source":"取る","translation":"to take","reading":"とる","words":[{"text":"取る","gloss":"take","reading":"とる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.21.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.22","source":"食べる","translation":"to eat","reading":"たべる","words":[{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.22.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.23","source":"わすれる","translation":"to forget","reading":"わすれる","words":[{"text":"わすれる","gloss":"forget"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.23.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.24","source":"しらべる","translation":"to investigate","reading":"しらべる","words":[{"text":"しらべる","gloss":"investigate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.24.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.25","source":"きんじる","translation":"to forbid","reading":"きんじる","words":[{"text":"きんじる","gloss":"forbid"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.25.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.26","source":"教える","translation":"to teach","reading":"おしえる","words":[{"text":"教える","gloss":"teach","reading":"おしえる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.26.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.27","source":"来る","translation":"to come","reading":"くる","words":[{"text":"来る","gloss":"come","reading":"くる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.27.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.28","source":"病気をする","translation":"to become ill","reading":"びょうきをする","words":[{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"become"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.28.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt1.29","source":"しめる","translation":"to close","reading":"しめる","words":[{"text":"しめる","gloss":"close"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt1.29.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"わすれる","gloss":"to forget"},{"word":"しらべる","gloss":"to investigate"},{"word":"きんじる","gloss":"to forbid, prohibit"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Differences between people and places · Pattern 2 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The source of a difference","paragraphs":["*気こうは 所によって ちがいます* means \"The weather differs, depending upon the place.\" *によって* after the noun marks what determines the difference.","*人によって 話し方が ちがいます* means \"The way people speak differs from person to person.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt2.m1","source":"気こうは 所によって ちがいます。","translation":"The weather differs, depending upon the place.","reading":"きこうはところによってちがいます。","words":[{"text":"気","gloss":"climate","reading":"き"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"climate"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"ちがい","gloss":"differ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt2.01","source":"習かんは くにに よって ちがいます。","translation":"Customs differ from country to country.","reading":"しゅうかんはくにによってちがいます。","words":[{"text":"習","gloss":"customs"},{"text":"かん","gloss":"customs"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"くに","gloss":"country"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"ちがい","gloss":"differ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt2.02","source":"モンテレーの 天気は 日によって ちがいます。","translation":"The weather in Monterey differs from day to day.","reading":"モンテレーのてんきはひによってちがいます。","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"ちがい","gloss":"differ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt2.03","source":"生徒によって 勉強の 仕方が ちがいます。","translation":"The way of studying differs from student to student.","reading":"せいとによってべんきょうのしかたがちがいます。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"studying","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"仕方","gloss":"way","reading":"しかた"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ちがい","gloss":"differ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt2.04","source":"人によって 話し方が ちがいます。","translation":"The way people speak differs from person to person.","reading":"ひとによってはなしかたがちがいます。","words":[{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"way of speaking","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"方","gloss":"way of speaking","reading":"かた"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ちがい","gloss":"differ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt2.05","source":"先生によって 教え方が 少し ちがいます。","translation":"The way of teaching differs a little from teacher to teacher.","reading":"せんせいによっておしえかたがすこしちがいます。","words":[{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"教え","gloss":"way of teaching","reading":"おしえ"},{"text":"方","gloss":"way of teaching","reading":"かた"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"ちがい","gloss":"differ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt2.05.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt2.06","source":"年によって あんまり 雨が 降らない 事が あります。","translation":"In some years, it does not rain very much.","reading":"としによってあんまりあめがふらないことがあります。","words":[{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"とし"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"あんまり","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降ら","gloss":"does not rain","reading":"ふら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"does not rain"},{"text":"事","gloss":"times","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt2.07","source":"かん字の 教え方は 皆 同じですか。","translation":"Is the way kanji are taught always the same?","reading":"かんじのおしえかたはみなおなじですか。","words":[{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"教え","gloss":"way of teaching","reading":"おしえ"},{"text":"方","gloss":"way of teaching","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"同じ","gloss":"same","reading":"おなじ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt2.07.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt2.08","source":"いいえ、 先生によって ちがいます。","translation":"No, it differs from teacher to teacher.","reading":"いいえ、せんせいによってちがいます。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"ちがい","gloss":"differ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt2.09","source":"米国の 夏の 天気は どうですか。","translation":"What is the summer weather like in the United States?","reading":"べいこくのなつのてんきはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt2.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"天気","gloss":"weather"},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Describing changing weather · Pattern 2 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Changing conditions","paragraphs":["*日によって ちがいます* means \"It differs from day to day.\" *によって* marks the noun that determines the difference.","*さむい 日も あるし、 あったかい 日も あります* expands the contrast: \"There are cold days and warm days.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt2.10","source":"米国は ひろい くにですから、 所によって ちがいます。 ある 所は あついですが、 ある 所は すずしいです。","translation":"Because the United States is a large country, it differs from place to place. Some places are hot, but others are cool.","reading":"べいこくはひろいくにですから、ところによってちがいます。あるところはあついですが、あるところはすずしいです。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ひろい","gloss":"large"},{"text":"くに","gloss":"country"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"ちがい","gloss":"differ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あつい","gloss":"hot"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"other"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"すずしい","gloss":"cool"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt2.11","source":"モンテレーの 冬は どうですか。","translation":"What are winters like in Monterey?","reading":"モンテレーのふゆはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"冬","gloss":"winter","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt2.11.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt2.12","source":"日によって ちがいます。 さむい 日も あるし、 あったかい 日も あります。","translation":"It differs from day to day. There are cold days and warm days.","reading":"ひによってちがいます。さむいひもあるし、あったかいひもあります。","words":[{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"ちがい","gloss":"differ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"あったかい","gloss":"warm"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt2.12.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt2.13","source":"人々は 皆 同じように 話しますか。","translation":"Does everyone speak in the same way?","reading":"ひとびとはみなおなじようにはなしますか。","words":[{"text":"人々","gloss":"everyone","reading":"ひとびと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"同じ","gloss":"same","reading":"おなじ"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"way"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt2.13.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt2.14","source":"日本では 六月には いつも 雨が 沢山 降りますか。","translation":"Does it always rain a lot in Japan in June?","reading":"にほんではろくがつにはいつもあめがたくさんふりますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"六","gloss":"June","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"月","gloss":"June","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"a lot","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"rain","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt2.14.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt2.15","source":"生徒は 皆 同じように 勉強しますか。","translation":"Do all the students study in the same way?","reading":"せいとはみなおなじようにべんきょうしますか。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"同じ","gloss":"same","reading":"おなじ"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"way"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt2.15.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt2.16","source":"米国の 冬の 天気は どこでも 同じですか。","translation":"Is the winter weather the same everywhere in the United States?","reading":"べいこくのふゆのてんきはどこでもおなじですか。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"冬","gloss":"winter","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"同じ","gloss":"same","reading":"おなじ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt2.16.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt2.17","source":"気こうは どこでも 同じですか。","translation":"Is the climate the same everywhere?","reading":"きこうはどこでもおなじですか。","words":[{"text":"気","gloss":"climate","reading":"き"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"climate"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"同じ","gloss":"same","reading":"おなじ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt2.17.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt2.18","source":"モンテレーは 毎年 夏には すずしいですか。","translation":"Is Monterey cool every summer?","reading":"モンテレーはまいとしなつにはすずしいですか。","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎年","gloss":"every year","reading":"まいとし"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"すずしい","gloss":"cool"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt2.18.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"冬","gloss":"winter"},{"word":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"word":"し、","gloss":"city"},{"word":"あったかい","gloss":"warm"},{"word":"人々","gloss":"people"},{"word":"六","gloss":"six"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Pattern 3","teaching":[{"title":"One course of action","paragraphs":["*医者に かかるより 外は ありません* means \"There is nothing to do but see a doctor.\" *より外は ありません* follows the action that remains.","*家内を つれて 行くより外は ありません* means \"There is nothing to do but take my wife along.\" A longer action can fill the same place."]}],"lines":[{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt3.m1","source":"自分で ちゅういするより外は ありません。","translation":"There is nothing you can do but to be careful yourself.","reading":"じぶんでちゅういするよりほかはありません。","words":[{"text":"自分","gloss":"oneself","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"ちゅうい","gloss":"careful"},{"text":"する","gloss":"be"},{"text":"より","gloss":"other than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"anything else","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt3.m1.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt3.01","source":"もっと かん字を 勉強するより外は ありません。","translation":"There is nothing to do but study more kanji.","reading":"もっとかんじをべんきょうするよりほかはありません。","words":[{"text":"もっと","gloss":"more"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"より","gloss":"other than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"anything else","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt3.01.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt3.02","source":"医者に かかるより 外は ありません。","translation":"There is nothing to do but see a doctor.","reading":"いしゃにかかるよりほかはありません。","words":[{"text":"医者","gloss":"doctor","reading":"いしゃ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かかる","gloss":"consult"},{"text":"より","gloss":"other than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"anything else","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt3.02.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt3.03","source":"入院するより外は ありません。","translation":"There is nothing to do but go into the hospital.","reading":"にゅういんするよりほかはありません。","words":[{"text":"入院","gloss":"hospitalization","reading":"にゅういん"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"より","gloss":"other than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"anything else","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt3.03.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt3.04","source":"朝 早く おきるより外は ありません。","translation":"There is nothing to do but get up early in the morning.","reading":"あさはやくおきるよりほかはありません。","words":[{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"おきる","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"より","gloss":"other than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"anything else","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt3.04.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt3.05","source":"家内を つれて 行くより外は ありません。","translation":"There is nothing to do but take my wife along.","reading":"かないをつれていくよりほかはありません。","words":[{"text":"家内","gloss":"my wife","reading":"かない"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"take along","reading":"いく"},{"text":"より","gloss":"other than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"anything else","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt3.05.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt3.06","source":"習うより外は ありません。","translation":"There is nothing to do but learn it.","reading":"ならうよりほかはありません。","words":[{"text":"習う","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならう"},{"text":"より","gloss":"other than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"anything else","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt3.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"もっと","gloss":"more (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"かかる","gloss":"to consult, to contract, to be attacked by"},{"word":"おきる","gloss":"to rise, get up (v.i.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Advice when choices are limited · Pattern 3 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Advice with no alternative","paragraphs":["*歩いて 行く より外は ありません* means \"There is nothing to do but walk there.\" The narrow road removes the option of driving.","*くすりを 飲んで ねるより外は ありませんね* presents taking medicine and going to bed as the remaining advice."]}],"lines":[{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt3.07","source":"田中さんの 家へ 自動車で 行けますか。","translation":"Can you go to Mr. Tanaka's house by car?","reading":"たなかさんのいえへじどうしゃでいけますか。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"行け","gloss":"can go","reading":"いけ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt3.07.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt3.08","source":"いいえ、 道が せまいから、 歩いて 行く より外は ありません。","translation":"No, because the road is narrow, there is nothing to do but walk there.","reading":"いいえ、みちがせまいから、あるいていくよりほかはありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"道","gloss":"road","reading":"みち"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"せまい","gloss":"narrow"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"歩い","gloss":"walk","reading":"あるい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"より","gloss":"other than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"anything else","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt3.08.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt3.09","source":"かん字は どんなふうに 勉強しますか。","translation":"How do you study kanji?","reading":"かんじはどんなふうにべんきょうしますか。","words":[{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"ふう","gloss":"way"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt3.09.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt3.10","source":"何度も 書いて おぼえるより外は ありませんね。","translation":"There is nothing to do but write them many times and memorize them, is there?","reading":"なんどもかいておぼえるよりほかはありませんね。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"many times","reading":"なん"},{"text":"度","gloss":"many times","reading":"ど"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"おぼえる","gloss":"memorize"},{"text":"より","gloss":"other than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"anything else","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt3.10.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt3.11","source":"かぜを ひいた 時には、 どうする 方が いいですか。","translation":"What is the best thing to do when you catch a cold?","reading":"かぜをひいたときには、どうするほうがいいですか。","words":[{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"a cold"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ひい","gloss":"caught"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"方","gloss":"way","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"best"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt3.11.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L046.pt3.12","source":"くすりを 飲んで ねるより外は ありませんね。","translation":"There is nothing to do but take medicine and go to bed, is there?","reading":"くすりをのんでねるよりほかはありませんね。","words":[{"text":"くすり","gloss":"medicine"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"飲ん","gloss":"take","reading":"のん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ねる","gloss":"go to bed"},{"text":"より","gloss":"other than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"anything else","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.pt3.12.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"道","gloss":"road, street"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"かぜ","gloss":"wind"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"くすり","gloss":"medicine"},{"word":"ねる","gloss":"to sleep"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Military pay and allowances · Reading Selection 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"How military personnel receive pay","paragraphs":["The passage compares monthly Army pay with twice-monthly Navy and Air Force pay. Payments occur in a recreation room or dining hall.","*給料の しはらいは 所によって ちがいます* means \"The way salaries are paid differs depending on the place.\" The place may use cash or checks."]}],"lines":[{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L046.rd.001","source":"りく軍の軍人は 月まつに 一度 月給を もらいます。","translation":"Army personnel receive their pay once at the end of the month.","reading":"りくぐんのぐんじんはつきまつにいちどげっきゅうをもらいます。","words":[{"text":"りく","gloss":"army"},{"text":"軍","gloss":"army","reading":"ぐん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"軍人","gloss":"personnel","reading":"ぐんじん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"月","gloss":"month end","reading":"つき"},{"text":"まつ","gloss":"month end"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"一","gloss":"once","reading":"いち"},{"text":"度","gloss":"once","reading":"ど"},{"text":"月給","gloss":"pay","reading":"げっきゅう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もらい","gloss":"receive"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L046.rd.002","source":"大抵、 月の さい後の日が 月給日です。","translation":"Usually, the last day of the month is payday.","reading":"たいてい、つきのさいごのひがげっきゅうびです。","words":[{"text":"大抵、","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"月","gloss":"month","reading":"つき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"さい後","gloss":"last"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"月給","gloss":"payday","reading":"げっきゅう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"payday","reading":"び"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L046.rd.003","source":"かい軍や くう軍の 軍人は 一か月に 二度 給料を もらいます。","translation":"Navy and Air Force personnel receive their pay twice a month.","reading":"かいぐんやくうぐんのぐんじんはいっかげつににどきゅうりょうをもらいます。","words":[{"text":"かい","gloss":"navy"},{"text":"軍","gloss":"navy","reading":"ぐん"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"くう","gloss":"air force"},{"text":"軍","gloss":"air force","reading":"ぐん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"軍人","gloss":"personnel","reading":"ぐんじん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one month","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"か月","gloss":"one month","reading":"かげつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"二","gloss":"twice","reading":"に"},{"text":"度","gloss":"twice","reading":"ど"},{"text":"給料","gloss":"salary","reading":"きゅうりょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もらい","gloss":"receive"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L046.rd.004","source":"しはらいは かかりの 将校が 中隊の ごらく室か 食堂で します。","translation":"The officer in charge makes the payments in the company recreation room or dining hall.","reading":"しはらいはかかりのしょうこうがちゅうたいのごらくしつかしょくどうでします。","words":[{"text":"しはらい","gloss":"payment"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かかり","gloss":"in charge"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"将校","gloss":"officer","reading":"しょうこう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"中隊","gloss":"company","reading":"ちゅうたい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ごらく","gloss":"recreation room"},{"text":"室","gloss":"recreation room","reading":"しつ"},{"text":"か","gloss":"or"},{"text":"食堂","gloss":"dining hall","reading":"しょくどう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L046.rd.005","source":"給料の しはらいは 所によって ちがいます。","translation":"The way salaries are paid differs depending on the place.","reading":"きゅうりょうのしはらいはところによってちがいます。","words":[{"text":"給料","gloss":"salary","reading":"きゅうりょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しはらい","gloss":"payment"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"ちがい","gloss":"differ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L046.rd.006","source":"ある所では、 現金で しはらいます。","translation":"At some places, they pay in cash.","reading":"あるところでは、げんきんでしはらいます。","words":[{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"現金","gloss":"cash","reading":"げんきん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"しはらい","gloss":"pay"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L046.rd.007","source":"又 ある所では 小切手で しはらいます。","translation":"At other places, they pay by check.","reading":"またあるところではこぎってでしはらいます。","words":[{"text":"又","gloss":"also","reading":"また"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"小切手","gloss":"check","reading":"こぎって"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"しはらい","gloss":"pay"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L046.rd.008","source":"月給の外に 手当も あります。","translation":"In addition to the monthly salary, there are also allowances.","reading":"げっきゅうのほかにてあてもあります。","words":[{"text":"月給","gloss":"monthly salary","reading":"げっきゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"外","gloss":"addition","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"手当","gloss":"allowance","reading":"てあて"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.rd.008.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"さい後","gloss":"last"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Preventing payday theft · Reading Selection 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Protecting money near payday","paragraphs":["The passage describes theft in the barracks around payday. The passive from *RERU* and *RARERU* reports money being stolen.","*ですから、 ぬすまれないように 自分で ちゅういするより外は ありません* means \"Therefore, there is nothing to do but take care yourself so that it is not stolen.\"","Some officers avoid the risk by having their pay sent to a bank."]},{"title":"From one time to another","paragraphs":["*月まつから 月始に かけて* means \"From the end of the month through the beginning of the month.\"","*から* names the starting point. *に かけて* follows the ending point and marks a span of time or area."]}],"lines":[{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L046.rd.009","source":"家ぞくに 行く 手当は、 奥さんの 名で 家の方へ ゆうびんで 送られます。","translation":"The allowance that goes to the family is sent home by mail in the wife's name.","reading":"かぞくにいくてあては、おくさんのなでいえのほうへゆうびんでおくられます。","words":[{"text":"家ぞく","gloss":"family","reading":"かぞく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"goes","reading":"いく"},{"text":"手当","gloss":"allowance","reading":"てあて"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"名","gloss":"name","reading":"な"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"direction","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"ゆうびん","gloss":"mail"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"送ら","gloss":"is sent","reading":"おくら"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is sent"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L046.rd.010","source":"月まつから 月始に かけて 兵しゃでは、 お金を","translation":"From the end of the month through the beginning of the month, money is often stolen in the barracks.","reading":"つきまつからつきはじめにかけてへいしゃでは、おかねを","words":[{"text":"月","gloss":"month end","reading":"つき"},{"text":"まつ","gloss":"month end"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"月","gloss":"beginning of the month","reading":"つき"},{"text":"始","gloss":"beginning of the month","reading":"はじめ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"through"},{"text":"かけ","gloss":"through"},{"text":"て","gloss":"through"},{"text":"兵","gloss":"barracks","reading":"へい"},{"text":"しゃ","gloss":"barracks"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"お","gloss":"money"},{"text":"金","gloss":"money","reading":"かね"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L046.rd.011","source":"ぬすまれる 事が 多いです。","translation":"Money is often stolen.","reading":"ぬすまれることがおおいです。","words":[{"text":"ぬすま","gloss":"is stolen"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"is stolen"},{"text":"事","gloss":"instances","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L046.rd.012","source":"ですから、 その頃に なると、 私物箱に かぎを かけたり、 お金に 気を つけるように ちゅういしなければなりません。","translation":"Therefore, around that time, we must warn people to lock their personal-effects boxes and watch their money.","reading":"ですから、そのころになると、しぶつばこにかぎをかけたり、おかねにきをつけるようにちゅういしなければなりません。","words":[{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"time","reading":"ころ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"around"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"becomes"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"私物","gloss":"footlocker","reading":"しぶつ"},{"text":"箱","gloss":"footlocker","reading":"ばこ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"かぎ","gloss":"lock"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かけ","gloss":"lock"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"お","gloss":"money"},{"text":"金","gloss":"money","reading":"かね"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"気","gloss":"care","reading":"き"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つける","gloss":"take"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"to"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"ちゅうい","gloss":"warn"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.rd.012.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L046.rd.013","source":"現金を ぬすまれると、 だれが どろぼうか わかりませんから、 こまります。","translation":"When cash is stolen, it is a problem because we do not know who the thief is.","reading":"げんきんをぬすまれると、だれがどろぼうかわかりませんから、こまります。","words":[{"text":"現金","gloss":"cash","reading":"げんきん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ぬすま","gloss":"is stolen"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"is stolen"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"どろぼう","gloss":"thief"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"know"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"こまり","gloss":"is a problem"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.rd.013.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L046.rd.014","source":"ですから、 ぬすまれないように 自分で ちゅういするより外は ありません。","translation":"Therefore, there is nothing to do but take care yourself so that it is not stolen.","reading":"ですから、ぬすまれないようにじぶんでちゅういするよりほかはありません。","words":[{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ぬすま","gloss":"is stolen"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is stolen"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"so that"},{"text":"に","gloss":"so that"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"oneself","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"ちゅうい","gloss":"be careful"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"より","gloss":"other than"},{"text":"外","gloss":"alternative","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.rd.014.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L046.rd.015","source":"将校の中には 給料を 銀行に 送ってもらう 人が あります。","translation":"Among the officers, there are some who have their pay sent to a bank.","reading":"しょうこうのなかにはきゅうりょうをぎんこうにおくってもらうひとがあります。","words":[{"text":"将校","gloss":"officers","reading":"しょうこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中","gloss":"among","reading":"なか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"給料","gloss":"salary","reading":"きゅうりょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"銀行","gloss":"bank","reading":"ぎんこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"送っ","gloss":"send","reading":"おくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"send"},{"text":"もらう","gloss":"have done"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.rd.015.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L046.rd.016","source":"そうすれば お金を ぬすまれる しんぱいは ありません。","translation":"If they do that, there is no worry that their money will be stolen.","reading":"そうすればおかねをぬすまれるしんぱいはありません。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"お","gloss":"money"},{"text":"金","gloss":"money","reading":"かね"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ぬすま","gloss":"is stolen"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"is stolen"},{"text":"しんぱい","gloss":"worry"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.rd.016.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は、","gloss":"leaves"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Military pay procedures · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Military pay procedures","paragraphs":["The questions ask when Army, Navy, and Air Force personnel receive pay, who pays them, and whether payment is always cash.","*りく軍の 軍人は 大抵 いつ 月給を はらってもらいますか* asks \"When do Army personnel usually get paid?\" An answer gives the usual time."]}],"lines":[{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L046.q.001","source":"月給日と 言うのは 何ですか。","translation":"What does “payday” mean?","reading":"げっきゅうびというのはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"月給","gloss":"payday","reading":"げっきゅう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"payday","reading":"び"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.q.001.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L046.q.002","source":"りく軍の 軍人は 大抵 いつ 月給を はらってもらいますか。","translation":"When do Army personnel usually get paid?","reading":"りくぐんのぐんじんはたいていいつげっきゅうをはらってもらいますか。","words":[{"text":"りく","gloss":"Army"},{"text":"軍","gloss":"Army","reading":"ぐん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"軍人","gloss":"military personnel","reading":"ぐんじん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"月給","gloss":"salary","reading":"げっきゅう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はらっ","gloss":"pay"},{"text":"て","gloss":"pay"},{"text":"もらい","gloss":"receive"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.q.002.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L046.q.003","source":"かい軍の 軍人は。","translation":"What about Navy personnel?","reading":"かいぐんのぐんじんは。","words":[{"text":"かい","gloss":"Navy"},{"text":"軍","gloss":"Navy","reading":"ぐん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"軍人","gloss":"military personnel","reading":"ぐんじん"},{"text":"は。","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.q.003.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L046.q.004","source":"くう軍の 軍人は。","translation":"What about Air Force personnel?","reading":"くうぐんのぐんじんは。","words":[{"text":"くう","gloss":"Air Force"},{"text":"軍","gloss":"Air Force","reading":"ぐん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"軍人","gloss":"military personnel","reading":"ぐんじん"},{"text":"は。","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.q.004.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L046.q.005","source":"だれが 給料の しはらいを しますか。","translation":"Who makes the salary payments?","reading":"だれがきゅうりょうのしはらいをしますか。","words":[{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"給料","gloss":"salary","reading":"きゅうりょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しはらい","gloss":"payment"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.q.005.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L046.q.006","source":"給料は 皆 現金で しはらいますか。","translation":"Are all salaries paid in cash?","reading":"きゅうりょうはみなげんきんでしはらいますか。","words":[{"text":"給料","gloss":"salary","reading":"きゅうりょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"現金","gloss":"cash","reading":"げんきん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"しはらい","gloss":"pay"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.q.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Allowances, theft and banking · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Allowances and protection from theft","paragraphs":["The questions cover allowances, theft near payday, locked footlockers, and pay sent to a bank.","*現金を ぬすまれると、 こまりますか* asks \"Is it a problem if your cash is stolen?\" An answer states whether it is a problem."]}],"lines":[{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L046.q.007","source":"月給の外に 何が ありますか。","translation":"What is there in addition to the monthly salary?","reading":"げっきゅうのほかになにがありますか。","words":[{"text":"月給","gloss":"monthly salary","reading":"げっきゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"外","gloss":"addition","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.q.007.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L046.q.008","source":"月給と 一しょに 手当も もらいますか。","translation":"Do they receive their allowances together with their monthly salary?","reading":"げっきゅうといっしょにてあてももらいますか。","words":[{"text":"月給","gloss":"monthly salary","reading":"げっきゅう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"一しょ","gloss":"together","reading":"いっしょ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"together"},{"text":"手当","gloss":"allowance","reading":"てあて"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"もらい","gloss":"receive"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.q.008.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L046.q.009","source":"月まつから 月始に かけて、 兵しゃでは どろぼうが 多いですか。","translation":"Are there many thieves in the barracks from the end of the month through the beginning of the month?","reading":"げつまつからつきはじめにかけて、へいしゃではどろぼうがおおいですか。","words":[{"text":"月","gloss":"month end","reading":"げつ"},{"text":"まつ","gloss":"month end"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"月","gloss":"beginning of the month","reading":"つき"},{"text":"始","gloss":"beginning of the month","reading":"はじめ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"through"},{"text":"かけ","gloss":"through"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"through"},{"text":"兵","gloss":"barracks","reading":"へい"},{"text":"しゃ","gloss":"barracks"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どろぼう","gloss":"thieves"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.q.009.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L046.q.010","source":"現金を ぬすまれると、 こまりますか。","translation":"Is it a problem if your cash is stolen?","reading":"げんきんをぬすまれると、こまりますか。","words":[{"text":"現金","gloss":"cash","reading":"げんきん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ぬすま","gloss":"is stolen"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"is stolen"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"こまり","gloss":"is a problem"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.q.010.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L046.q.011","source":"私物箱には かぎを かける 方が いいですか。","translation":"Is it better to lock your personal-effects box?","reading":"しぶつばこにはかぎをかけるほうがいいですか。","words":[{"text":"私物","gloss":"footlocker","reading":"しぶつ"},{"text":"箱","gloss":"footlocker","reading":"ばこ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かぎ","gloss":"lock"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かける","gloss":"lock"},{"text":"方","gloss":"option","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.q.011.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L046.q.012","source":"将校の中には 給料を 銀行に 送って もらう 人が ありますか。","translation":"Are there officers who have their pay sent to a bank?","reading":"しょうこうのなかにはきゅうりょうをぎんこうにおくってもらうひとがありますか。","words":[{"text":"将校","gloss":"officers","reading":"しょうこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中","gloss":"among","reading":"なか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"給料","gloss":"salary","reading":"きゅうりょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"銀行","gloss":"bank","reading":"ぎんこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"送っ","gloss":"send","reading":"おくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"send"},{"text":"もらう","gloss":"have done"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.q.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Words for military payments · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Payday, pay, and timing","paragraphs":["The words cover military payday, payment locations, compensation, and month boundaries.","*月給日* means \"payday,\" *ごらく室* means \"day room, recreation room,\" and *手当* means \"allowance, allotment.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.001","source":"月給日","translation":"payday","reading":"げっきゅうび","words":[{"text":"月給日","gloss":"payday","reading":"げっきゅうび"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.001.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.002","source":"中隊","translation":"company","reading":"ちゅうたい","words":[{"text":"中隊","gloss":"company","reading":"ちゅうたい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.002.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.003","source":"中隊長","translation":"company commander","reading":"ちゅうたいちょう","words":[{"text":"中隊長","gloss":"company commander","reading":"ちゅうたいちょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.003.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.004","source":"中隊事務室","translation":"company orderly room","reading":"ちゅうたいじむしつ","words":[{"text":"中隊事務室","gloss":"company orderly room","reading":"ちゅうたいじむしつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.004.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.005","source":"ごらく室","translation":"day room, recreation room","reading":"ごらくしつ","words":[{"text":"ごらく室","gloss":"recreation room","reading":"ごらくしつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.005.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.006","source":"しはらい","translation":"payment","reading":"しはらい","words":[{"text":"しはらい","gloss":"payment"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.006.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.007","source":"現金","translation":"cash","reading":"げんきん","words":[{"text":"現金","gloss":"cash","reading":"げんきん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.007.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.008","source":"小切手","translation":"check","reading":"こぎって","words":[{"text":"小切手","gloss":"check","reading":"こぎって"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.008.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.009","source":"手当","translation":"allowance, allotment","reading":"てあて","words":[{"text":"手当","gloss":"allowance","reading":"てあて"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.009.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.010","source":"月まつ","translation":"month end","reading":"げつまつ","words":[{"text":"月まつ","gloss":"month end","reading":"げつまつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.010.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.011","source":"月始","translation":"beginning of the month","reading":"つきはじめ","words":[{"text":"月始","gloss":"beginning of the month","reading":"つきはじめ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.011.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"月給日","gloss":"payday"},{"word":"中隊長","gloss":"company commander"},{"word":"中隊事務室","gloss":"company orderly room"},{"word":"ごらく室","gloss":"day room, recreation room"},{"word":"月まつ","gloss":"month end"},{"word":"月始","gloss":"beginning of the month"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Barracks, banking and theft · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Property, payment, and protection","paragraphs":["The words cover places, possessions, theft, payment, donations, and protection.","*兵しゃ* means \"barracks,\" *ぬすむ* means \"to steal,\" and *かぎをかける* means \"to lock.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.012","source":"兵しゃ","translation":"barracks","reading":"へいしゃ","words":[{"text":"兵しゃ","gloss":"barracks","reading":"へいしゃ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.012.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.013","source":"私物箱","translation":"footlocker","reading":"しぶつばこ","words":[{"text":"私物箱","gloss":"footlocker","reading":"しぶつばこ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.013.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.014","source":"どろぼう","translation":"thief, robber","reading":"どろぼう","words":[{"text":"どろぼう","gloss":"thief"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.014.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.015","source":"銀行","translation":"bank","reading":"ぎんこう","words":[{"text":"銀行","gloss":"bank","reading":"ぎんこう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.015.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.016","source":"きふ金","translation":"monetary contribution, donation money","reading":"きふきん","words":[{"text":"きふ金","gloss":"monetary contribution","reading":"きふきん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.016.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.017","source":"わたす","translation":"to hand over, transfer","reading":"わたす","words":[{"text":"わたす","gloss":"hand over"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.017.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.018","source":"さしひく","translation":"to deduct","reading":"さしひく","words":[{"text":"さしひく","gloss":"deduct"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.018.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.019","source":"きふする","translation":"to donate","reading":"きふする","words":[{"text":"きふする","gloss":"donate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.019.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.020","source":"ぬすむ","translation":"to steal","reading":"ぬすむ","words":[{"text":"ぬすむ","gloss":"steal"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.020.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.021","source":"しはらう","translation":"to pay","reading":"しはらう","words":[{"text":"しはらう","gloss":"pay"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.021.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.022","source":"かぎをかける","translation":"to lock","reading":"かぎをかける","words":[{"text":"かぎをかける","gloss":"lock"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"兵しゃ","gloss":"barracks"},{"word":"私物箱","gloss":"footlocker"},{"word":"きふ金","gloss":"monetary contribution, donation money"},{"word":"わたす","gloss":"to hand over, transfer"},{"word":"さしひく","gloss":"to deduct"},{"word":"きふする","gloss":"to donate"},{"word":"ぬすむ","gloss":"to steal"},{"word":"かぎをかける","gloss":"to lock"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Caution, loss and awkwardness · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Caution, loss, and investigation","paragraphs":["The words cover caution, loss, investigation, care, awkwardness, and circumstances that determine a difference.","*なくなる* means \"to become lost, disappear,\" *しらべる* means \"to investigate,\" and *によって* means \"depending upon.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":158,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.023","source":"ちゅういされる","translation":"to be cautioned","reading":"ちゅういされる","words":[{"text":"ちゅういされる","gloss":"be cautioned"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.023.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.024","source":"なくなる","translation":"to become lost, disappear","reading":"なくなる","words":[{"text":"なくなる","gloss":"become lost"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.024.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.025","source":"しらべる","translation":"to investigate","reading":"しらべる","words":[{"text":"しらべる","gloss":"investigate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.025.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.026","source":"大切にする","translation":"to take good care of --","reading":"たいせつにする","words":[{"text":"大切にする","gloss":"take good care of","reading":"たいせつにする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.026.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.027","source":"せまい","translation":"not roomy, narrow, crowded","reading":"せまい","words":[{"text":"せまい","gloss":"narrow"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.027.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.028","source":"きまりが悪い","translation":"embarrassing, awkward","reading":"きまりがわるい","words":[{"text":"きまりが悪い","gloss":"embarrassing","reading":"きまりがわるい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.028.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.029","source":"かかりの","translation":"in charge","reading":"かかりの","words":[{"text":"かかりの","gloss":"in charge"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.029.m4a"},{"number":165,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.030","source":"むりに","translation":"forcibly, against one's will","reading":"むりに","words":[{"text":"むりに","gloss":"forcibly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.030.m4a"},{"number":166,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.031","source":"一人一人","translation":"one by one, one person at a time","reading":"ひとりひとり","words":[{"text":"一人一人","gloss":"one by one","reading":"ひとりひとり"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.031.m4a"},{"number":167,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.032","source":"さっき","translation":"a while ago, a short time ago","reading":"さっき","words":[{"text":"さっき","gloss":"a while ago"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.032.m4a"},{"number":168,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.033","source":"---によって","translation":"depending upon ---\n(See Grammar Notes)","reading":"---によって","words":[{"text":"---によって","gloss":"depending upon"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.033.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ちゅういされる","gloss":"to be cautioned"},{"word":"なくなる","gloss":"to become lost, disappear"},{"word":"大切にする","gloss":"to take good care of --"},{"word":"きまりが悪い","gloss":"embarrassing, awkward"},{"word":"かかりの","gloss":"in charge"},{"word":"むりに","gloss":"forcibly, against one's will"},{"word":"さっき","gloss":"a while ago, a short time ago"},{"word":"---によって","gloss":"depending upon ---\n(See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Deductions, donations and stolen money · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Money given, deducted, and stolen","paragraphs":["The examples contrast voluntary donations with money affected by passive actions. *月給日には 月給から きふ金を さしひかれます* says that contribution money is deducted from salary.","*私は さっき お金を ぬすまれました* means \"I had my money stolen a while ago.\" *月まつから 月始 にかけて* marks a span between two times."]}],"lines":[{"number":169,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.034","source":"--にかけて","translation":"extending to\n(See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--にかけて","words":[{"text":"--にかけて","gloss":"extending to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.034.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.035","source":"より外は ありません","translation":"nothing one can do, but\n(See Grammar Notes)","reading":"よりほかはありません","words":[{"text":"より外はありません","gloss":"can only","reading":"よりほかはありません"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.035.m4a"},{"number":171,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.036","source":"中々--ん","translation":"by no means,\nnot easily","reading":"なかなか--ん","words":[{"text":"中々--ん","gloss":"not easily","reading":"なかなか--ん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.036.m4a"},{"number":172,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.037","source":"月給日には 月給から きふ金を さしひかれます。","translation":"On payday (you'll get) your contribution money is deducted from your salary.","reading":"げっきゅうびにはげっきゅうからきふきんをさしひかれます。","words":[{"text":"月給日には月給からきふ金をさしひかれます。","gloss":"salary donation is deducted","reading":"げっきゅうびにはげっきゅうからきふきんをさしひかれます。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.037.m4a"},{"number":173,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.038","source":"きふしなくては いけませんか。","translation":"Don't you have to donate?","reading":"きふしなくてはいけませんか。","words":[{"text":"きふしなくてはいけませんか。","gloss":"must you donate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.038.m4a"},{"number":174,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.039","source":"いいえ、 むりに きふしなくても いいのです。","translation":"No, you are not forced to donate.","reading":"いいえ、むりにきふしなくてもいいのです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、むりにきふしなくてもいいのです。","gloss":"donation is not compulsory"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.039.m4a"},{"number":175,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.040","source":"きふしないと、 きまりが 悪いから、 大抵 します。","translation":"If you don't donate, it is embarrassing; so you usually donate.","reading":"きふしないと、きまりがわるいから、たいていします。","words":[{"text":"きふしないと、きまりが悪いから、大抵します。","gloss":"usually donate from embarrassment","reading":"きふしないと、きまりがわるいから、たいていします。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.040.m4a"},{"number":176,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.041","source":"私は さっき お金を ぬすまれました。","translation":"I had my money stolen a while ago.","reading":"わたくしはさっきおかねをぬすまれました。","words":[{"text":"私はさっきお金をぬすまれました。","gloss":"my money was stolen","reading":"わたくしはさっきおかねをぬすまれました。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.041.m4a"},{"number":177,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.042","source":"兵は 中隊長に きふ金を わたします。","translation":"Soldiers hand the donation money over to the company commander.","reading":"へいはちゅうたいちょうにきふきんをわたします。","words":[{"text":"兵は中隊長にきふ金をわたします。","gloss":"soldiers hand over donations","reading":"へいはちゅうたいちょうにきふきんをわたします。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.042.m4a"},{"number":178,"id":"ja.dli.L046.w.043","source":"月まつから 月始 にかけて 一週間ぐらいの 間、 ロスアンゼルスへ 行きます。","translation":"I'll go to Los Angeles for about one week from the end of the month to the beginning of the month.","reading":"げつまつからつきはじめにかけていっしゅうかんぐらいのあいだ、ロスアンゼルスへいきます。","words":[{"text":"月まつから月始にかけて一週間ぐらいの間、ロスアンゼルスへ行きます。","gloss":"week in Los Angeles","reading":"げつまつからつきはじめにかけていっしゅうかんぐらいのあいだ、ロスアンゼルスへいきます。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L046.w.043.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"--にかけて","gloss":"extending to\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"より外はありません","gloss":"nothing one can do, but\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"中々--ん","gloss":"by no means,\nnot easily"},{"word":"月給日には月給からきふ金をさしひかれます。","gloss":"\"On payday (you'll get) your contribution money is deducted from your salary.\""},{"word":"きふしなくてはいけませんか。","gloss":"\"Don't you have to donate?\""},{"word":"いいえ、むりにきふしなくてもいいのです。","gloss":"\"No, you are not forced to donate.\""},{"word":"きふしないと、きまりが悪いから、大抵します。","gloss":"\"If you don't donate, it is embarrassing; so you usually donate.\""},{"word":"私はさっきお金をぬすまれました。","gloss":"\"I had my money stolen a while ago.\""},{"word":"兵は中隊長にきふ金をわたします。","gloss":"\"Soldiers hand the donation money over to the company commander.\""},{"word":"月まつから月始にかけて一週間ぐらいの間、ロスアンゼルスへ行きます。","gloss":"\"I'll go to Los Angeles for about one week from the end of the month to the beginning of the month.\""}],"paradigms":[]}]}