{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L048","title":"Lesson 48","stage":"Kanji and everyday Japanese","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 48: starting the school day · dialogue 1 of 4, classes, character study and grammar questions · dialogue 3 of 4, understanding, things just completed · perception drill, what other people want · perception drill, adding a second quality · perception drill, recent actions and their results · pattern 1 1 of 2, recently completed events · pattern 1 2 of 2, describing what others want · pattern 2 1 of 2, unwanted study and desired outings · pattern 2 2 of 2, pairing activities and qualities · pattern 3 1 of 3, adding facts to descriptions · pattern 3 2 of 3, combining military and school categories · pattern 3 3 of 3, morning language classes · reading selection 1 of 2, grammar, daily classes and language learning · questions 1 of 2, lunch, class schedules and study terms · word list 1 of 4, explaining, morning routines and study wishes · word list 4 of 4.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/48","lines":171},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/47","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/49","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Starting the school day · Dialogue 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"The first hour","paragraphs":["The speakers discuss the school day, from its starting time to the length of each class.","*一時間目に ダイアログを あんしょうしなければ なりません*, \"We have to recite a dialogue during the first hour.\""]},{"title":"The object of reciting","paragraphs":["In *ダイアログを あんしょうしなければ なりません*, the particle *を* follows the direct object of the verb.","The dialogue is what the students must recite, so *を* marks *ダイアログ* as the object."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L048.dlg.001","source":"じゅぎょうは 何時に 始まりますか。","translation":"What time does classroom instruction start?","reading":"じゅぎょうはなんじにはじまりますか。","words":[{"text":"じゅぎょう","gloss":"classroom instruction"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what time","reading":"なん"},{"text":"時","gloss":"what time","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"始まり","gloss":"start","reading":"はじまり"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L048.dlg.002","source":"八時に 始まります。","translation":"It starts at eight o’clock.","reading":"はちじにはじまります。","words":[{"text":"八","gloss":"eight o'clock","reading":"はち"},{"text":"時","gloss":"eight o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"始まり","gloss":"start","reading":"はじまり"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L048.dlg.003","source":"クラスの スケジュールは どうなっていますか。","translation":"How is the class schedule arranged?","reading":"クラスのスケジュールはどうなっていますか。","words":[{"text":"クラス","gloss":"class"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"スケジュール","gloss":"schedule"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"is arranged"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is arranged"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is arranged"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is arranged"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L048.dlg.004","source":"一時間目に ダイアログを あんしょうしなければ なりません。","translation":"We have to recite a dialogue during the first hour.","reading":"いちじかんめにダイアログをあんしょうしなければなりません。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"first hour","reading":"いち"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"first hour","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"目","gloss":"first hour","reading":"め"},{"text":"に","gloss":"during"},{"text":"ダイアログ","gloss":"dialogue"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あんしょう","gloss":"recitation"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L048.dlg.005","source":"じゅぎょう 時間は 六十分ですか。","translation":"Is the classroom instruction hour sixty minutes?","reading":"じゅぎょうじかんはろくじゅっぷんですか。","words":[{"text":"じゅぎょう","gloss":"classroom instruction"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hour","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"六十","gloss":"sixty minutes"},{"text":"分","gloss":"sixty minutes"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.dlg.005.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"The Particle O\n\n1. The Particle O\n\nThe other uses of the particle O were already taken up. They were:\n\nIndicating a direct object.\n\nWATAKUSHI WA HON O YOMIMASU. \"I read a book.\""},{"section":2,"text":"Indicating a place of locomotive action.\n\nANO HITO-TACHI WA HAMA O SANPO-SHITE IMASU. \"They are strolling on the beach.\"\n\nIn this lesson the particle O is used to indicate a point of departure.\n\nTŌKYŌ O ROKU-JI NI DEKAKERU TO, KYŌTO E JUUNI-JI GORO TSUKIMASU. \"If you leave Tokyo at 6 o'clock, you'll arrive at Kyoto around 12 o'clock.\"\n\nGINZA DE DENSHA O ORIMASU. \"We get off the streetcar at Ginza.\""},{"section":3,"text":"TA BAKARI\n\n2. TA BAKARI\n\nBAKARI meaning 'only' or 'nothing but' was introduced in Lesson 37. In this lesson BAKARI occurs after the plain past tense of a verb and give the meaning of 'just ---' or 'have just now ---.'\n\nWATAKUSHI WA YUUHAN O TABETA BAKARI DESU. \"I just ate (finished eating) supper.\"\n\nWATAKUSHI WA SENGETSU KONO MACHI E KITA BAKARI DESU. \"I just came to this town last month.\""},{"section":4,"text":"BAKARI DE NAKU\n\n3. BAKARI DE NAKU\n\nThe phrase BAKARI DE NAKU meaning 'not only but' occurs after a noun, a verb, or an adjective in the present and past tenses and either the NA-form or the plain past tense form of the copula noun.\n\nA WA NIHONGO BAKARI DE NAKU EIGO MO HANASU. \"A speaks not only Japanese but English, too.\"\n\nA WA YOKU HATARAKU BAKARI DE NAKU BENKYOO MO YOKU SURU. \"A not only works hard but studies hard, too.\"\n\nA WA YOKU HATARAITA BAKARI DE NAKU YOKU BENKYOO-SHITA. \"Not only did A work hard, but he studied hard, too.\"\n\nYASUKATTA BAKARI DE NAKU YOKU DEKITE IMASHITA. \"Not only was it cheap, but it was made well, too.\"\n\nANO ONNA NO HITO WA KIREI NA BAKARI DE NAKU OKANE MO MOTTE IRU. \"Not only is she beautiful, but she has money, too.\"\n\nIn the above sentences the word BAKARI may be substituted with DAKE meaning 'only.'"},{"section":5,"text":"---TAGARU\n\n4. ---TAGARU\n\nTAGARU is a desiderative suffix to a verb showing a desire or a wish of the second or the third person. This suffix is used to show somewhat of a nagging, continual desire of the second or the third person.\n\nTAGARU is suffixed to the MASU stem and the resultant verb is a consonant verb like 'furu' or 'kaeru' in its inflection.\n\n| | \nTABERU | TABEMASU | TABETAGARU\nMIRU | MIMASU | MITAGARU\nKURU | KIMASU | KITAGARU\nSURU | SHIMASU | SHITAGARU\nASOBU | ASOBIMASU | ASOBITAGARU\n\nKANAI WA AMAI MONO O TABETAGARU.\n\nKANAI WA AMAI MONO O TABETAGARIMASU. \"My wife shows a persistent desire for sweets.\"\n\nKANAI WA AMAI MONO O TABETAGARANAI.\n\nKANAI WA AMAI MONO O TABETAGARIMASEN. \"My wife doesn't want to eat sweets.\"\n\nKODOMO WA AMAI MONO O TABETAGATTA.\n\nKODOMO WA AMAI MONO O TABETAGARIMASHITA. \"The children wanted to eat sweets.\"\n\nKODOMO WA AMAI MONO O TABETAGATTE KOMARIMASU. \"The children nag for sweets and I don't know what to do.\""}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"じゅぎょう","gloss":"classroom instruction"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"word":"クラス","gloss":"class"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"スケジュール","gloss":"schedule"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"時間","gloss":"hour, time"},{"word":"ダイアログ","gloss":"dialogue"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"六十","gloss":"60"},{"word":"分","gloss":"minute"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Classes, recess and lunch · Dialogue 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Classes, recess, and lunch","paragraphs":["The speakers continue through a day of fifty-minute classes, recess, and a two-hour lunch break.","*この 時間に 文けいの れん習を します*, \"This hour is for sentence-pattern practice.\""]},{"title":"Practice and application","paragraphs":["*三時間目は その 文けいの おう用の れん習です*, \"The third hour is for applying the sentence patterns.\"","The particle *を* marks the object in *文けいの れん習を します*, as in the dialogue recited during the first hour."]},{"title":"Kanji: 文, 昼","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 習","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L048.dlg.006","source":"いいえ、 五十分です。 一時間目が 終ると、 二十分の きゅうけい 時間が あります。","translation":"No, it is fifty minutes. When the first hour class ends, there is a twenty minute recess.","reading":"いいえ、ごじゅっぷんです。いちじかんめがおわると、にじゅっぷんのきゅうけいじかんがあります。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"五十","gloss":"fifty minutes"},{"text":"分","gloss":"fifty minutes"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"一","gloss":"first hour","reading":"いち"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"first hour","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"目","gloss":"first hour","reading":"め"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"終る","gloss":"ends","reading":"おわる"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"二十","gloss":"twenty minutes"},{"text":"分","gloss":"twenty minutes"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"きゅうけい","gloss":"recess"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"time","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there is"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.dlg.006.m4a"},{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L048.dlg.007","source":"二時間目が 始まるのは 九時十分ですね。","translation":"It’s ten after nine when the second hour class starts, isn’t it?","reading":"にじかんめがはじまるのはくじじゅっぷんですね。","words":[{"text":"二","gloss":"second hour","reading":"に"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"second hour","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"目","gloss":"second hour","reading":"め"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"始まる","gloss":"starts","reading":"はじまる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"when"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"九","gloss":"nine"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o'clock"},{"text":"十分","gloss":"ten minutes"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L048.dlg.008","source":"そうです。 この 時間に 文けいの れん習を します。 そして、 三時間目は その 文けいの おう用の れん習です。","translation":"That’s right. During this hour we practice sentence patterns. And during the third hour we practice the application of sentence patterns.","reading":"そうです。このじかんにぶんけいのれんしゅうをします。そして、さんじかんめはそのぶんけいのおうようのれんしゅうです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that's right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hour","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"during"},{"text":"文","gloss":"sentence pattern","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"けい","gloss":"sentence pattern"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"れん","gloss":"practice"},{"text":"習","gloss":"practice"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"そして、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"三","gloss":"third hour"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"third hour"},{"text":"目","gloss":"third hour"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"その","gloss":"those"},{"text":"文","gloss":"sentence pattern"},{"text":"けい","gloss":"sentence pattern"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"おう","gloss":"application"},{"text":"用","gloss":"application"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"れん","gloss":"practice"},{"text":"習","gloss":"practice"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L048.dlg.009","source":"その 次は。","translation":"What’s next?","reading":"そのつぎは。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"次","gloss":"next","reading":"つぎ"},{"text":"は。","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L048.dlg.010","source":"十一時から 一時までが 昼休みの 時間です。 二時間 ありますから、 昼ごはんに 帰れる 人は 大抵 家へ 帰ります。","translation":"From eleven to one is the noon hour recess. Since there are two hours, those who can go home for lunch, usually go home.","reading":"じゅういちじからいちじまでがひるやすみのじかんです。にじかんありますから、ひるごはんにかえれるひとはたいていいえへかえります。","words":[{"text":"十","gloss":"eleven","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"一","gloss":"eleven","reading":"いち"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"一時","gloss":"one o'clock","reading":"いちじ"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"昼休み","gloss":"noon recess","reading":"ひるやすみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"time","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two hours","reading":"に"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"two hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"昼ごはん","gloss":"lunch","reading":"ひるごはん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"帰れる","gloss":"can go home","reading":"かえれる"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"帰り","gloss":"go home","reading":"かえり"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.dlg.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"五十","gloss":"50"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"二十","gloss":"20"},{"word":"きゅうけい","gloss":"recess"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"九","gloss":"nine"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"昼休み","gloss":"noon recess"},{"word":"昼ごはん","gloss":"lunch, noon meal"},{"word":"帰れる","gloss":"to be able to go home"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Character study and grammar questions · Dialogue 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Kanji and grammar","paragraphs":["The fourth hour is for learning new kanji and reviewing earlier ones. The speakers then discuss grammar explanations.","*四時間目は かん字の 時間です*, \"The fourth hour is the kanji hour.\""]},{"title":"A student's desire","paragraphs":["*文ぽうを 習いたがる 生徒は 居ませんか*, \"Aren't there students who want to learn grammar?\"","The ending *たがる* presents the students' continuing desire to learn. The particle *を* marks grammar as the object of learning."]},{"title":"Kanji: 説","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 復, 明","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L048.dlg.011","source":"四時間目には どうしますか。","translation":"What do you do during the fourth hour?","reading":"よじかんめにはどうしますか。","words":[{"text":"四","gloss":"fourth hour"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"fourth hour"},{"text":"目","gloss":"fourth hour"},{"text":"に","gloss":"during"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L048.dlg.012","source":"四時間目は かん字の 時間です。 新しい かん字を 習ったり、 習った かん字の 復習を したりします。","translation":"The fourth hour is the kanji hour. We learn new kanji and review previously learned kanji, and so forth.","reading":"よじかんめはかんじのじかんです。あたらしいかんじをならったり、ならったかんじのふくしゅうをしたりします。","words":[{"text":"四","gloss":"fourth hour"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"fourth hour"},{"text":"目","gloss":"fourth hour"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hour","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji","reading":"かんじ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"復習","gloss":"review","reading":"ふくしゅう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.dlg.012.m4a"},{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L048.dlg.013","source":"文ぽうの 説明は ないのですか。","translation":"Don’t you have grammar explanations?","reading":"ぶんぽうのせつめいはないのですか。","words":[{"text":"文","gloss":"grammar","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"ぽう","gloss":"grammar"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"説明","gloss":"explanations","reading":"せつめい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"none"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L048.dlg.014","source":"だれか しつもんすれば、 先生が 説明しますが、 さもなければ ありません。","translation":"If someone asks questions about grammar, the teacher will explain, but otherwise there is none.","reading":"だれかしつもんすれば、せんせいがせつめいしますが、さもなければありません。","words":[{"text":"だれ","gloss":"someone"},{"text":"か","gloss":"someone"},{"text":"しつもん","gloss":"questions"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"ask"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"説明","gloss":"explanation","reading":"せつめい"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"さも","gloss":"otherwise"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"otherwise"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"otherwise"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L048.dlg.015","source":"文ぽうを 習いたがる 生徒は 居ませんか。","translation":"Aren’t there students who want to learn grammar?","reading":"ぶんぽうをならいたがるせいとはいませんか。","words":[{"text":"文","gloss":"grammar","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"ぽう","gloss":"grammar"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習い","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならい"},{"text":"たがる","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"居","gloss":"exist","reading":"い"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.dlg.015.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"説明","gloss":"explanation"},{"word":"だれ","gloss":"who?"},{"word":"しつもん","gloss":"question"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Understanding, review and preparation · Dialogue 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Preparation and understanding","paragraphs":["The speakers say that preparation and understanding reduce the need for grammar explanations.","*ただ あんきする ばかりでなく、 その 文章と 文けいを りかいする 事が 大切ですね*, \"It is important not only to memorize sentences and patterns but to comprehend them, isn't it?\""]},{"title":"Not only memorization","paragraphs":["*ばかりでなく* adds comprehension to memorization in this line.","Memorization is the first activity, and comprehension is the added activity."]},{"title":"Kanji: 予, 章","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L048.dlg.016","source":"居ますね。 でも、 その日の じゅんびが よく 出来ていて、 一つ一つの 文章の いみが よくわかっていれば、 文ぽうの 説明は いりません。","translation":"Yes, there are. However, if the preparation for the day is done well, and the meaning of each and every one of the sentences is clearly understood, there is no need for grammar explanations.","reading":"いますね。でも、そのひのじゅんびがよくできていて、ひとつひとつのぶんしょうのいみがよくわかっていれば、ぶんぽうのせつめいはいりません。","words":[{"text":"居","gloss":"there are","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"で","gloss":"however"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"じゅんび","gloss":"preparation"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"is done","reading":"でき"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is done"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is done"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"is done"},{"text":"一","gloss":"each one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"each one"},{"text":"一","gloss":"each one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"each one"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"文章","gloss":"sentences","reading":"ぶんしょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"いみ","gloss":"meaning"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"clearly"},{"text":"わかっ","gloss":"understood"},{"text":"て","gloss":"understood"},{"text":"いれ","gloss":"understood"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"文","gloss":"grammar","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"ぽう","gloss":"grammar"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"説明","gloss":"explanations","reading":"せつめい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いり","gloss":"needed"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L048.dlg.017","source":"ただ あんきする ばかりでなく、 その 文章と 文けいを りかいする 事が 大切ですね。","translation":"It is important not only to memorize sentences and patterns but to comprehend them, isn’t it?","reading":"ただあんきするばかりでなく、そのぶんしょうとぶんけいをりかいすることがたいせつですね。","words":[{"text":"ただ","gloss":"merely"},{"text":"あんき","gloss":"memorize"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"その","gloss":"those"},{"text":"文章","gloss":"sentences","reading":"ぶんしょう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"文","gloss":"sentence patterns","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"けい","gloss":"sentence patterns"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"りか","gloss":"comprehend"},{"text":"い","gloss":"comprehend"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大切","gloss":"important","reading":"たいせつ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L048.dlg.018","source":"そう、 新しい かに はいる 時に、 よく ちゅういして いないと、 後で こまります。","translation":"That’s right. When we go into a new lesson, unless we are attentive, there will be troubles later on.","reading":"そう、あたらしいかにはいるときに、よくちゅういしていないと、あとでこまります。","words":[{"text":"そう、","gloss":"that's right"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"か","gloss":"lesson"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"は","gloss":"enter"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"enter"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"carefully"},{"text":"ちゅうい","gloss":"attention"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"continuing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"being"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"unless"},{"text":"後","gloss":"later","reading":"あと"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"こまり","gloss":"have trouble"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.dlg.018.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L048.dlg.019","source":"学校は 何時に ほうかに なるのですか。","translation":"What time does school let out?","reading":"がっこうはなんじにほうかになるのですか。","words":[{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what time","reading":"なん"},{"text":"時","gloss":"what time","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"ほうか","gloss":"class dismissal"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"becomes"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L048.dlg.020","source":"四時です。 それから 家へ 帰って、 予習や 復習を します。","translation":"At four o’clock. Then we go home and do preparation, review lessons, and so forth.","reading":"よじです。それからいえへかえって、よしゅうやふくしゅうをします。","words":[{"text":"四","gloss":"four","reading":"よ"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"then"},{"text":"から","gloss":"then"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"go home","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"予習","gloss":"preparation","reading":"よしゅう"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"復習","gloss":"review","reading":"ふくしゅう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.dlg.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"じゅんび","gloss":"preparation"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"文章","gloss":"sentence"},{"word":"いみ","gloss":"meaning"},{"word":"ただ","gloss":"merely"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"そう、","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ちゅうい","gloss":"first lieutenant"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Things just completed · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"A recently completed action","paragraphs":["*私は この 学校へ 来たばかりです*, \"I came to this school a short time ago.\"","After the plain past form *来た*, *ばかり* presents the action as recently completed."]},{"title":"The result still matters","paragraphs":["*いいえ、 今 おきたばかりですから、 まだ 食べていません*, \"No, I got up a short time ago, so I haven't eaten yet.\"","A plain past verb followed by *ばかり* often gives the reason for a present result."]}],"lines":[{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp1.01","source":"私は この 学校へ 来たばかりです。","translation":"I just came to this school.","reading":"わたくしはこのがっこうへきたばかりです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"just"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp1.02","source":"この本を 読みましたか。","translation":"Have you read this book?","reading":"このほんをよみましたか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読み","gloss":"read","reading":"よみ"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp1.03","source":"昨日 買ったばかりですから、 まだ 読んでいません。","translation":"I only bought it yesterday, so I haven’t read it yet.","reading":"きのうかったばかりですから、まだよんでいません。","words":[{"text":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday","reading":"きのう"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"just"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"読ん","gloss":"have read","reading":"よん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"have read"},{"text":"い","gloss":"have read"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp1.04","source":"朝めしを 食べましたか。","translation":"Have you eaten breakfast?","reading":"あさめしをたべましたか。","words":[{"text":"朝めし","gloss":"breakfast","reading":"あさめし"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp1.05","source":"いいえ、 今 おきたばかりですから、 まだ 食べていません。","translation":"No, I just got up, so I haven’t eaten yet.","reading":"いいえ、いまおきたばかりですから、まだたべていません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"今","gloss":"just now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"got up"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"just"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"haven't eaten","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"haven't eaten"},{"text":"い","gloss":"haven't eaten"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"haven't eaten"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"haven't eaten"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp1.06","source":"この かん字を おぼえていますか。","translation":"Do you remember this kanji?","reading":"このかんじをおぼえていますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おぼえ","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"て","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"い","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp1.07","source":"いいえ、 昨日 習ったばかりですから、 まだ よく おぼえていません。","translation":"No, I only learned it yesterday, so I don’t remember it very well yet.","reading":"いいえ、きのうならったばかりですから、まだよくおぼえていません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday","reading":"きのう"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"learned","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only just"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"おぼえ","gloss":"don't remember"},{"text":"て","gloss":"don't remember"},{"text":"い","gloss":"don't remember"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"don't remember"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"don't remember"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp1.08","source":"おなかが すきましたか。","translation":"Are you hungry?","reading":"おなかがすきましたか。","words":[{"text":"おなか","gloss":"stomach"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"すき","gloss":"hungry"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"hungry"},{"text":"た","gloss":"hungry"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp1.09","source":"いいえ、 一時間 前に 食べたばかりですから、 まだ すいていません。","translation":"No, I ate just an hour ago, so I’m not hungry yet.","reading":"いいえ、いちじかんまえにたべたばかりですから、まだすいていません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hour","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"前","gloss":"ago","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"ate","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"just"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"すい","gloss":"not hungry"},{"text":"て","gloss":"not hungry"},{"text":"い","gloss":"not hungry"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not hungry"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not hungry"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp1.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"本","gloss":"numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)"},{"word":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"},{"word":"朝めし","gloss":"breakfast"},{"word":"おなか","gloss":"stomach"},{"word":"前","gloss":"before, front"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"What other people want · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"Another person's desire","paragraphs":["*子供は あまい物を 食べたがります*, \"Children want to eat sweet things.\"","The suffix *たがる* describes a second or third person's continuing desire."]},{"title":"Attach the ending to the stem","paragraphs":["*食べます* gives *食べたがる*. The suffix attaches to the stem before *ます*.","*うちの 子供は 毎晩 テレビを 見たがるので、 こまります*, \"I have a problem because my child wants to watch television every night.\"","The resulting verb changes like the consonant verb *帰る*."]}],"lines":[{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp2.01","source":"子供は あまい物を 食べたがります。","translation":"Children (want to) eat sweet things.\" (are eager to)","reading":"こどもはあまいものをたべたがります。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまい","gloss":"sweet"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"たがり","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp2.01.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp2.02","source":"うちの 子供は 勉強を やめたがるので、 こまります。","translation":"I have a problem because my child wants to stop studying.","reading":"うちのこどもはべんきょうをやめたがるので、こまります。","words":[{"text":"うち","gloss":"my"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"studying","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やめ","gloss":"stop"},{"text":"たがる","gloss":"wants to"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"こまり","gloss":"have a problem"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp2.02.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp2.03","source":"それは よくないですね。 子供は あそびたがるので、 こまりますね。","translation":"That isn’t good, is it? Children want to play, so it is a problem, isn’t it?","reading":"それはよくないですね。こどもはあそびたがるので、こまりますね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"good"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"play"},{"text":"たがる","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"こまり","gloss":"is a problem"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp2.03.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp2.04","source":"うちの 子供は 毎晩 テレビを 見たがるので、 こまります。","translation":"I have a problem because my child wants to watch television every night.","reading":"うちのこどもはまいばんテレビをみたがるので、こまります。","words":[{"text":"うち","gloss":"my"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎晩","gloss":"every night","reading":"まいばん"},{"text":"テレビ","gloss":"television"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"watch","reading":"み"},{"text":"たがる","gloss":"wants to"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"こまり","gloss":"have a problem"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp2.04.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp2.05","source":"私の うちでも そうです。 それで、 八時からは テレビを 見させない 事に しています。","translation":"It is the same at my house. So I make it a rule not to let my child watch television after eight o’clock.","reading":"わたくしのうちでもそうです。それで、はちじからはテレビをみさせないことにしています。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"my","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"うち","gloss":"house"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"the same"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"so"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eight","reading":"はち"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"テレビ","gloss":"television"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"watch","reading":"み"},{"text":"させ","gloss":"let"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"事","gloss":"a rule","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"し","gloss":"make"},{"text":"て","gloss":"make it a rule"},{"text":"い","gloss":"make it a rule"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"make it a rule"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp2.05.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp2.06","source":"小さい 子供は 何でも してみたがるのですね。","translation":"Small children want to try everything, don’t they?","reading":"ちいさいこどもはなんでもしてみたがるのですね。","words":[{"text":"小さい","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさい"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"anything"},{"text":"も","gloss":"anything"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"try"},{"text":"み","gloss":"try"},{"text":"たがる","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp2.06.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp2.07","source":"そうですね。 そうして、 色々の 事を 習うのですね。","translation":"That’s right. That is how they learn various things, isn’t it?","reading":"そうですね。そうして、いろいろのことをならうのですね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that's right"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"that way"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"色々","gloss":"various","reading":"いろいろ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"things","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習う","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp2.07.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp2.08","source":"田中さんの 奥さんは 映画に 行きたがるそうですね。","translation":"I hear Mrs. Tanaka wants to go to the movies.","reading":"たなかさんのおくさんはえいがにいきたがるそうですね。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mrs."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"たがる","gloss":"wants to"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp2.08.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp2.09","source":"ええ、 毎週 二度ぐらい 行くそうです。","translation":"Yes, I hear she goes about twice a week.","reading":"ええ、まいしゅうにどぐらいいくそうです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"毎週","gloss":"every week","reading":"まいしゅう"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"度","gloss":"times","reading":"ど"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"goes","reading":"いく"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp2.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"あまい","gloss":"sweet"},{"word":"うち","gloss":"home, house"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"テレビ","gloss":"television"},{"word":"映画","gloss":"movie"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Adding a second quality · Perception drill, Block 3","teaching":[{"title":"Not only one thing","paragraphs":["*私は 肉ばかりでなく やさいも 食べます*, \"I eat not only meat but also vegetables.\"","*ばかりでなく* follows the first noun, verb, or adjective. In this line, *も* marks vegetables as the added item."]},{"title":"After a NA-adjective","paragraphs":["A NA-adjective keeps *な* before *ばかりでなく*.","*あの 女の人は きれいなばかりでなく うたが 上手です*, \"She is not only pretty but also good at singing.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp3.01","source":"私は 肉ばかりでなく やさいも 食べます。","translation":"I eat not only meat but also vegetables.","reading":"わたくしはにくばかりでなくやさいもたべます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"肉","gloss":"meat","reading":"にく"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"やさい","gloss":"vegetables"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp3.01.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp3.02","source":"あの方は 働くばかりでなく 夜は 学校に 行って 勉強します。","translation":"He not only works but also goes to school (to study) at night.","reading":"あのかたははたらくばかりでなくよるはがっこうにいってべんきょうします。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"働く","gloss":"works","reading":"はたらく"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"夜","gloss":"night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"goes","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp3.02.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp3.03","source":"料金が 高いばかりでなく サービスも 悪いです。","translation":"Not only is the fee high, but also the service is bad (too).","reading":"りょうきんがたかいばかりでなくサービスもわるいです。","words":[{"text":"料金","gloss":"fee","reading":"りょうきん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"high","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"サービス","gloss":"service"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp3.03.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp3.04","source":"あの 女の人は きれいなばかりでなく うたが 上手です。","translation":"She is not only pretty but also good at singing.","reading":"あのおんなのひとはきれいなばかりでなくうたがじょうずです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"女","gloss":"woman","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"woman","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"うた","gloss":"singing"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good at","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp3.04.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp3.05","source":"この 店では 洋服しか 売っていないのですか。","translation":"Does this store sell only Western-style clothes?","reading":"このみせではようふくしかうっていないのですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"店","gloss":"store","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"洋服","gloss":"Western-style clothes","reading":"ようふく"},{"text":"しか","gloss":"only"},{"text":"売っ","gloss":"doesn't sell","reading":"うっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"doesn't sell"},{"text":"い","gloss":"doesn't sell"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"doesn't sell"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp3.05.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp3.06","source":"いいえ、 洋服ばかりでなく、 ぼうしも くつも 売っています。","translation":"No, it sells not only Western-style clothes but also hats and shoes.","reading":"いいえ、ようふくばかりでなく、ぼうしもくつもうっています。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"洋服","gloss":"Western-style clothes","reading":"ようふく"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ぼうし","gloss":"hats"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"売っ","gloss":"sells","reading":"うっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"sells"},{"text":"い","gloss":"sells"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"sells"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp3.06.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp3.07","source":"男の 洋服ばかり 売っているのですか。","translation":"Does it sell only men’s clothes?","reading":"おとこのようふくばかりうっているのですか。","words":[{"text":"男","gloss":"men","reading":"おとこ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"洋服","gloss":"clothes","reading":"ようふく"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"売っ","gloss":"sells","reading":"うっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"sells"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"sells"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp3.07.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp3.08","source":"いいえ、 男の 洋服ばかりでなく、 ドレスも 売っています。","translation":"No, it sells not only men’s clothes but also dresses.","reading":"いいえ、おとこのようふくばかりでなく、ドレスもうっています。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"男","gloss":"men","reading":"おとこ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"洋服","gloss":"clothes","reading":"ようふく"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ドレス","gloss":"dresses"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"売っ","gloss":"sells","reading":"うっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"sells"},{"text":"い","gloss":"sells"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"sells"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp3.08.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp3.09","source":"この 店は 高いですか。","translation":"Is this store expensive?","reading":"このみせはたかいですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"店","gloss":"store","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp3.09.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp3.10","source":"いいえ、 安いです。 安い ばかりでなく、 サービスも いいです。","translation":"No, it is inexpensive. It is not only inexpensive, but the service is also good.","reading":"いいえ、やすいです。やすいばかりでなく、サービスもいいです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"安い","gloss":"inexpensive","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"安い","gloss":"inexpensive","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not"},{"text":"サービス","gloss":"service"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp3.10.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp3.11","source":"安い 物ばかり 売っているのですか。","translation":"Does it sell only inexpensive things?","reading":"やすいものばかりうっているのですか。","words":[{"text":"安い","gloss":"inexpensive","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"売っ","gloss":"sells","reading":"うっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"sells"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"sells"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp3.11.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L048.gp3.12","source":"いいえ、 安い 物を 売っているばかりでなく、 高い 物も 売っています。","translation":"No, it sells not only inexpensive things but also expensive things.","reading":"いいえ、やすいものをうっているばかりでなく、たかいものもうっています。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"安い","gloss":"inexpensive","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"売っ","gloss":"sells","reading":"うっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"sells"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"sells"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"売っ","gloss":"sells","reading":"うっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"sells"},{"text":"い","gloss":"sells"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"sells"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.gp3.12.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"肉","gloss":"meat, flesh"},{"word":"やさい","gloss":"vegetable"},{"word":"夜","gloss":"night, evening"},{"word":"料金","gloss":"fee, charge"},{"word":"サービス","gloss":"service"},{"word":"女","gloss":"female"},{"word":"うた","gloss":"song"},{"word":"上手","gloss":"skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"店","gloss":"store, shop"},{"word":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"word":"男","gloss":"male"},{"word":"ドレス","gloss":"dress"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Recent actions and their results · Pattern 1 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A recent action","paragraphs":["*私は 三月に ここへ 来 たばかりです*, \"I came here recently, in March.\"","The plain past verb with *ばかり* presents the arrival as recent."]},{"title":"The result now","paragraphs":["*この 映画は 今 始まったばかりですから、 はいって 見ましょう*, \"This movie started a short time ago, so the speaker suggests going in to watch it.\"","The recent start gives the reason for entering now."]}],"lines":[{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt1.m1","source":"私は 三月に ここへ 来 たばかりです。","translation":"I just came here in March.","reading":"わたくしはさんがつにここへきたばかりです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"三","gloss":"March","reading":"さん"},{"text":"月","gloss":"March","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"just"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt1.01","source":"このくつは みがいたばかりですから、 きれいです。","translation":"These shoes are clean because I just polished them.","reading":"このくつはみがいたばかりですから、きれいです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"these"},{"text":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"みがい","gloss":"polished"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"just"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"clean"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt1.02","source":"昼ごはんを 食べたばかりですから、 今 何も 食べたくは ありません。","translation":"I just ate lunch, so I don’t want to eat anything now.","reading":"ひるごはんをたべたばかりですから、いまなにもたべたくはありません。","words":[{"text":"昼ごはん","gloss":"lunch","reading":"ひるごはん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"ate","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"just"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"so"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なに"},{"text":"も","gloss":"anything"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"たく","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"do not"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt1.03","source":"田中さんは 日本から 帰ったばかりです。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka has just returned from Japan.","reading":"たなかさんはにほんからかえったばかりです。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"returned","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"just"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt1.04","source":"この かん字は 昨日 習ったばかりですから、 まだ おぼえていません。","translation":"I only learned this kanji yesterday, so I don’t remember it yet.","reading":"このかんじはきのうならったばかりですから、まだおぼえていません。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday","reading":"きのう"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"learned","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only just"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"so"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"おぼえ","gloss":"don't remember"},{"text":"て","gloss":"don't remember"},{"text":"い","gloss":"don't remember"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"don't remember"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"don't remember"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt1.05","source":"この 映画は 今 始まったばかりですから、 はいって 見ましょう。","translation":"This movie has just started, so let’s go in and watch it.","reading":"このえいがはいまはじまったばかりですから、はいってみましょう。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"始まっ","gloss":"started","reading":"はじまっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"just"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"so"},{"text":"はい","gloss":"go in"},{"text":"って","gloss":"go in"},{"text":"見","gloss":"watch","reading":"み"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt1.06","source":"これを 一つ 食べなさいよ。","translation":"Eat one of these.","reading":"これをひとつたべなさいよ。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"these"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"なさい","gloss":"please"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt1.07","source":"今 はを みがいたばかりですから、 何も 食べたくは ありません。","translation":"I just brushed my teeth, so I don’t want to eat anything.","reading":"いまはをみがいたばかりですから、なにもたべたくはありません。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"just now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"は","gloss":"teeth"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"みがい","gloss":"brushed"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"just"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"so"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なに"},{"text":"も","gloss":"anything"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"たく","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"do not"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt1.08","source":"田中さんは 明日 仕事に 来るでしょうか。","translation":"Do you think Mr. Tanaka will come to work tomorrow?","reading":"たなかさんはあしたしごとにくるでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"come","reading":"くる"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt1.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"月","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"word":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Recently completed events · Pattern 1 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Recent by present relevance","paragraphs":["*来ないでしょう。 まだ 病院から 出たばかりですからね*, \"Probably not. He left the hospital only a short time ago.\"","The departure is complete, but its result still affects whether he will work tomorrow."]},{"title":"Not limited to this moment","paragraphs":["*四日ほど 入院していて、 おととい 家へ 帰ったばかりです*, \"He was in the hospital for about four days and only returned home the day before yesterday.\"","With *ばかり*, the speaker can present a completed event from the day before yesterday as recent."]}],"lines":[{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt1.09","source":"来ないでしょう。 まだ 病院から 出たばかりですからね。","translation":"Probably not. He has only just gotten out of the hospital.","reading":"こないでしょう。まだびょういんからでたばかりですからね。","words":[{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"こ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"only just"},{"text":"病院","gloss":"hospital","reading":"びょういん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"出","gloss":"got out","reading":"で"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"just"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt1.10","source":"田中さんは 入院していたのですか。","translation":"Was Mr. Tanaka in the hospital?","reading":"たなかさんはにゅういんしていたのですか。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"入院","gloss":"hospitalized","reading":"にゅういん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"was hospitalized"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was hospitalized"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was hospitalized"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt1.11","source":"四日ほど 入院していて、 おととい 家へ 帰ったばかりです。","translation":"He was in the hospital for about four days and only returned home the day before yesterday.","reading":"よっかほどにゅういんしていて、おとといいえへかえったばかりです。","words":[{"text":"四","gloss":"four days"},{"text":"日","gloss":"four days"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"about"},{"text":"入院","gloss":"hospitalized","reading":"にゅういん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"was hospitalized"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was hospitalized"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was hospitalized"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"おととい","gloss":"day before yesterday"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"returned","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only just"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt1.12","source":"昨日 日本から 帰りました。","translation":"I returned from Japan yesterday.","reading":"きのうにほんからかえりました。","words":[{"text":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday","reading":"きのう"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"帰り","gloss":"returned","reading":"かえり"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt1.13","source":"私は 先月 モンテレーへ 来ました。","translation":"I came to Monterey last month.","reading":"わたくしはせんげつモンテレーへきました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"先月","gloss":"last month","reading":"せんげつ"},{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt1.14","source":"その ざっしを 昨日 買いました。","translation":"I bought that magazine yesterday.","reading":"そのざっしをきのうかいました。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazine"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday","reading":"きのう"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"bought","reading":"かい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt1.15","source":"その 小包を 今朝 送りました。","translation":"I sent that package this morning.","reading":"そのこづつみをけさおくりました。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"小包","gloss":"package","reading":"こづつみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"今朝","gloss":"this morning","reading":"けさ"},{"text":"送り","gloss":"sent","reading":"おくり"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt1.15.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt1.16","source":"おととい たねを まいたのですから、 まだ はえません。","translation":"I sowed the seeds the day before yesterday, so they have not sprouted yet.","reading":"おとといたねをまいたのですから、まだはえません。","words":[{"text":"おととい","gloss":"day before yesterday"},{"text":"たね","gloss":"seeds"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"まい","gloss":"sowed"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"so"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"はえ","gloss":"haven't sprouted"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"haven't sprouted"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"haven't sprouted"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt1.16.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"病院","gloss":"hospital"},{"word":"ほど","gloss":"to the extent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"先月","gloss":"last month"},{"word":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"word":"小包","gloss":"parcel, small package"},{"word":"今朝","gloss":"this morning"},{"word":"たね","gloss":"seed"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Describing what others want · Pattern 2 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"What others want","paragraphs":["*ある 生徒は 文ぽうを 習いたがります*, \"Some students want to learn grammar.\"","The *たがる* form presents another person's desire, as in the children who want sweet things."]},{"title":"The negative form","paragraphs":["*子供が 食べたがらない 物は 買いません*, \"I do not buy things that my child does not want to eat.\"","The negative form *食べたがらない* states that the child does not want to eat."]}],"lines":[{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt2.m1","source":"ある 生徒は 文ぽうを 習いたがります。","translation":"Some students want to learn grammar.","reading":"あるせいとはぶんぽうをならいたがります。","words":[{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"文","gloss":"grammar","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"ぽう","gloss":"grammar"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習い","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならい"},{"text":"たがり","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt2.01","source":"あの 生徒は 毎晩 あそびに 出たがります。","translation":"That student wants to go out for fun every night.","reading":"あのせいとはまいばんあそびにでたがります。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎晩","gloss":"every night","reading":"まいばん"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"have fun"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"出","gloss":"go out","reading":"で"},{"text":"たがり","gloss":"wants to"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt2.02","source":"子供は 毎日 およぎたがります。","translation":"The children want to swim every day.","reading":"こどもはまいにちおよぎたがります。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"およぎ","gloss":"swim"},{"text":"たがり","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt2.03","source":"うちの 子供は ビールを 飲みたがります。","translation":"My child wants to drink beer.","reading":"うちのこどもはビールをのみたがります。","words":[{"text":"うち","gloss":"my"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ビール","gloss":"beer"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"飲み","gloss":"drink","reading":"のみ"},{"text":"たがり","gloss":"wants to"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt2.04","source":"家内は 日本映画に 行きたがっています。","translation":"My wife wants to go to a Japanese movie.","reading":"かないはにほんえいがにいきたがっています。","words":[{"text":"家内","gloss":"my wife","reading":"かない"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"たがっ","gloss":"wants to go"},{"text":"て","gloss":"wants to go"},{"text":"い","gloss":"wants to go"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"wants to go"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt2.05","source":"子供が 食べたがらない 物は 買いません。","translation":"I do not buy things that my child does not want to eat.","reading":"こどもがたべたがらないものはかいません。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"たがら","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt2.05.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt2.06","source":"子供は 毎晩 テレビを 見たがります。","translation":"The children want to watch television every night.","reading":"こどもはまいばんテレビをみたがります。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎晩","gloss":"every night","reading":"まいばん"},{"text":"テレビ","gloss":"television"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"watch","reading":"み"},{"text":"たがり","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt2.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"ビール","gloss":"beer"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Unwanted study and desired outings · Pattern 2 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A desire to stop","paragraphs":["*日本語の 勉強を やめたがる 生徒が 居ますか*, \"Are there any students who want to stop studying Japanese?\"","*たがる* presents the desire of the students, and *を* marks study as the object of quitting."]},{"title":"A continuing wish","paragraphs":["*家内は かぶきを 見たがっています*, \"My wife wants to see kabuki.\"","Here *たがっています* describes her continuing wish to see the performance."]}],"lines":[{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt2.07","source":"かん字を 習いたがらない 生徒が 居ますか。","translation":"Are there any students who do not want to learn kanji?","reading":"かんじをならいたがらないせいとがいますか。","words":[{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習い","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならい"},{"text":"たがら","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"居","gloss":"there are","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt2.07.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt2.08","source":"ええ、 クラスの 半分ぐらい 居ますね。","translation":"Yes, about half the class.","reading":"ええ、クラスのはんぶんぐらいいますね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"クラス","gloss":"class"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"半分","gloss":"half","reading":"はんぶん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"居","gloss":"there are","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt2.09","source":"日本語の 勉強を やめたがる 生徒が 居ますか。","translation":"Are there any students who want to stop studying Japanese?","reading":"にほんごのべんきょうをやめたがるせいとがいますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"studying","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やめ","gloss":"stop"},{"text":"たがる","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"居","gloss":"there are","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt2.10","source":"ええ、 時々 居ますね。","translation":"Yes, there are sometimes.","reading":"ええ、ときどきいますね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"居","gloss":"there are","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt2.11","source":"家内は かぶきを 見たがっています。","translation":"My wife wants to see kabuki.","reading":"かないはかぶきをみたがっています。","words":[{"text":"家内","gloss":"my wife","reading":"かない"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かぶき","gloss":"kabuki"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"たがっ","gloss":"wants to"},{"text":"て","gloss":"wants to"},{"text":"い","gloss":"wants to"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"wants to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt2.11.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt2.12","source":"一度 つれて 行ってあげなさいよ。","translation":"Take her to see it sometime.","reading":"いちどつれていってあげなさいよ。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"sometime","reading":"いち"},{"text":"度","gloss":"sometime","reading":"ど"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go"},{"text":"あげ","gloss":"for her"},{"text":"なさい","gloss":"please do"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt2.12.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"半分","gloss":"half"},{"word":"時々","gloss":"sometimes, occasionally"},{"word":"かぶき","gloss":"Kabuki"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Pairing activities and qualities · Pattern 3 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Adding another requirement","paragraphs":["*文けいばかりでなく、 言葉も よく 習わなければなりません*, \"You have to learn not only the sentence pattern but also the vocabulary.\"","The *ばかりでなく* pattern adds vocabulary to the required sentence patterns."]},{"title":"Nouns, verbs, and adjectives","paragraphs":["The first item can be a noun, verb, or adjective.","*あの人は ゴルフが 上手なばかりでなく、 テニスも 上手です*, \"He is skilled not only in golf but also in tennis.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt3.01","source":"文けいばかりでなく、 言葉も よく 習わなければなりません。","translation":"You have to learn not only the sentence pattern but also the vocabulary.","reading":"ぶんけいばかりでなく、ことばもよくならわなければなりません。","words":[{"text":"文","gloss":"sentence pattern","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"けい","gloss":"sentence pattern"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"言葉","gloss":"vocabulary","reading":"ことば"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"習わ","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならわ"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"must"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt3.01.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt3.02","source":"勉強するばかりでなく、 運動も しなければなりません。","translation":"You have to not only study but also exercise.","reading":"べんきょうするばかりでなく、うんどうもしなければなりません。","words":[{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"運動","gloss":"exercise","reading":"うんどう"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"must"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt3.02.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt3.03","source":"この へやは せまいばかりでなく くらいです。","translation":"This room is not only small but also dark.","reading":"このへやはせまいばかりでなくくらいです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"へや","gloss":"room"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"せまい","gloss":"small"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"dark"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt3.03.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt3.04","source":"あの人は ゴルフが 上手なばかりでなく、 テニスも 上手です。","translation":"He is skilled not only in golf but also in tennis.","reading":"あのひとはゴルフがじょうずなばかりでなく、テニスもじょうずです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"skilled","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"テニス","gloss":"tennis"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"skilled","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt3.04.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt3.05","source":"この 学校には 男の 生徒ばかりでなく、 女の 生徒も 居ます。","translation":"There are not only male students but also female students at this school.","reading":"このがっこうにはおとこのせいとばかりでなく、おんなのせいともいます。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"男","gloss":"male","reading":"おとこ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"女","gloss":"female","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"居","gloss":"there are","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt3.05.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt3.06","source":"あの アメリカ人は 英語ばかりでなく 日本語も 話します。","translation":"That American speaks not only English but also Japanese.","reading":"あのアメリカじんはえいごばかりでなくにほんごもはなします。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"アメリカ","gloss":"American"},{"text":"人","gloss":"American","reading":"じん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt3.06.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt3.07","source":"田中さんは よく 食べるばかりでなく、 よく 飲みます。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka not only eats a lot but also drinks a lot.","reading":"たなかさんはよくたべるばかりでなく、よくのみます。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"a lot"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eats","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"a lot"},{"text":"飲み","gloss":"drinks","reading":"のみ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt3.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"へや","gloss":"room"},{"word":"せまい","gloss":"narrow, crowded"},{"word":"くらい","gloss":"dark"},{"word":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"word":"テニス","gloss":"tennis"},{"word":"アメリカ","gloss":"America; U.S.A."}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Adding facts to descriptions · Pattern 3 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Two related abilities","paragraphs":["*ジョンズさんは 書くのが 上手なばかりでなく、 話すのも 上手です*, \"Mr. Jones is not only good at writing but also good at speaking.\"","The *ばかりでなく* pattern joins two abilities in one description."]},{"title":"Two facts about weather","paragraphs":["*雨が 沢山 降るばかりでなく、 風が ひどく ふきます*, \"Not only does it rain a lot, but the wind blows hard.\"","The first clause supplies one fact. The second adds another fact about the same weather."]}],"lines":[{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt3.08","source":"スミスさんは 日本語を 話すばかりでなく、 フランス語も 話します。","translation":"Mr. Smith speaks not only Japanese but also French.","reading":"スミスさんはにほんごをはなすばかりでなく、フランスごもはなします。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"話す","gloss":"speaks","reading":"はなす"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"フランス","gloss":"French"},{"text":"語","gloss":"French","reading":"ご"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"speaks","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt3.08.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt3.09","source":"大木さんは 耳が 遠いばかりでなく、 目も よく 見えません。","translation":"Mr. Oki is not only hard of hearing but also cannot see well.","reading":"おおきさんはみみがとおいばかりでなく、めもよくみえません。","words":[{"text":"大木","gloss":"Oki","reading":"おおき"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"hearing","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"遠い","gloss":"hard of hearing","reading":"とおい"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"目","gloss":"eyesight","reading":"め"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"見え","gloss":"can see","reading":"みえ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"cannot"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"cannot"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt3.09.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt3.10","source":"ジョンズさんは 書くのが 上手なばかりでなく、 話すのも 上手です。","translation":"Mr. Jones is not only good at writing but also good at speaking.","reading":"ジョンズさんはかくのがじょうずなばかりでなく、はなすのもじょうずです。","words":[{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"書く","gloss":"writing","reading":"かく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good at","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"話す","gloss":"speaking","reading":"はなす"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good at","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt3.10.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt3.11","source":"日本は 小さい 国ですね。","translation":"Japan is a small country, isn’t it?","reading":"にほんはちいさいくにですね。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"小さい","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさい"},{"text":"国","gloss":"country","reading":"くに"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt3.11.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt3.12","source":"ええ、 小さいばかりでなく、 人が 多いのです。","translation":"Yes, it is not only small but also has a large population.","reading":"ええ、ちいさいばかりでなく、ひとがおおいのです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"小さい","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさい"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt3.12.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt3.13","source":"日本では 九月に 雨が 沢山 降るそうですね。","translation":"I hear that it rains a lot in Japan in September, doesn't it?","reading":"にほんではくがつにあめがたくさんふるそうですね。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"九","gloss":"September"},{"text":"月","gloss":"September"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"a lot","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"falls","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt3.13.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt3.14","source":"ええ、 雨が 沢山 降るばかりでなく、 風が ひどく ふきます。","translation":"Yes, not only does it rain a lot, but the wind blows hard.","reading":"ええ、あめがたくさんふるばかりでなく、かぜがひどくふきます。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"a lot","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"falls","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"風","gloss":"wind","reading":"かぜ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ひどく","gloss":"hard"},{"text":"ふき","gloss":"blows"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt3.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"遠い","gloss":"far"},{"word":"国","gloss":"country, nation"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"降る","gloss":"to fall (rain) (v.i.)"},{"word":"ひどく","gloss":"fiercely, violently"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Combining military and school categories · Pattern 3 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"More than one service","paragraphs":["*りく軍の 軍人ばかりでなく、 かい軍、 くう軍、 かい兵隊の 軍人にも 外国語を 教えています*","\"It teaches foreign languages not only to Army servicemen, but also to Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps servicemen.\"","The *ばかりでなく* pattern adds three services to the first category."]},{"title":"Two school subjects","paragraphs":["*文ぽうを 習います。 会話も 習います*, \"We learn grammar. We also learn conversation.\"","The pair supplies the two categories joined by *ばかりでなく*."]}],"lines":[{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt3.15","source":"この 学校では りく軍の 軍人に 外国語を 教えるのですか。","translation":"Does this school teach foreign languages to Army servicemen?","reading":"このがっこうではりくぐんのぐんじんにがいこくごをおしえるのですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"りく","gloss":"Army"},{"text":"軍","gloss":"Army","reading":"ぐん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"軍人","gloss":"servicemen","reading":"ぐんじん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign languages","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"語","gloss":"foreign languages","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"教える","gloss":"teach","reading":"おしえる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt3.15.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt3.16","source":"りく軍の 軍人ばかりでなく、 かい軍、 くう軍、 かい兵隊の 軍人にも 外国語を 教えています。","translation":"It teaches foreign languages not only to Army servicemen, but also to Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps servicemen.","reading":"りくぐんのぐんじんばかりでなく、かいぐん、くうぐん、かいへいたいのぐんじんにもがいこくごをおしえています。","words":[{"text":"りく","gloss":"Army"},{"text":"軍","gloss":"Army","reading":"ぐん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"軍人","gloss":"servicemen","reading":"ぐんじん"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"かい","gloss":"Navy"},{"text":"軍、","gloss":"Navy","reading":"ぐん"},{"text":"くう","gloss":"Air Force"},{"text":"軍、","gloss":"Air Force","reading":"ぐん"},{"text":"かい","gloss":"Marine Corps"},{"text":"兵隊","gloss":"Marine Corps","reading":"へいたい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"軍人","gloss":"servicemen","reading":"ぐんじん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign languages","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"語","gloss":"foreign languages","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"教え","gloss":"teaches","reading":"おしえ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"teaches"},{"text":"い","gloss":"teaches"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"teaches"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt3.16.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt3.17","source":"文けいを 習います。\n文けいを 会話に おう用します。","translation":"We learn sentence patterns.\nWe apply the sentence patterns in conversation.","reading":"ぶんけいをならいます。ぶんけいをかいわにおうようします。","words":[{"text":"文","gloss":"sentence patterns","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"けい","gloss":"sentence patterns"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習い","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"文","gloss":"sentence patterns","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"けい","gloss":"sentence patterns"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"会話","gloss":"conversation","reading":"かいわ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"おう","gloss":"apply"},{"text":"用し","gloss":"apply","reading":"ようし"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt3.17.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt3.18","source":"文ぽうを 習います。\n会話も 習います。","translation":"We learn grammar.\nWe also learn conversation.","reading":"ぶんぽうをならいます。かいわもならいます。","words":[{"text":"文","gloss":"grammar","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"ぽう","gloss":"grammar"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習い","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"会話","gloss":"conversation","reading":"かいわ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"習い","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt3.18.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt3.19","source":"口頭試験が あります。\nひっき試験も あります。","translation":"There is an oral examination.\nThere is also a written examination.","reading":"こうとうしけんがあります。ひっきしけんもあります。","words":[{"text":"口頭","gloss":"oral examination","reading":"こうとう"},{"text":"試験","gloss":"oral examination","reading":"しけん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there is"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ひっき","gloss":"written examination"},{"text":"試験","gloss":"written examination","reading":"しけん"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there is"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt3.19.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt3.20","source":"この 学校には りく軍の 兵隊が 居ます。\nかい軍の 兵隊も 居ます。","translation":"There are Army soldiers at this school.\nThere are Navy sailors here too.","reading":"このがっこうにはりくぐんのへいたいがいます。かいぐんのへいたいもいます。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"りく","gloss":"Army"},{"text":"軍","gloss":"Army","reading":"ぐん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"兵隊","gloss":"soldiers","reading":"へいたい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"居","gloss":"there are","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"かい","gloss":"Navy"},{"text":"軍","gloss":"Navy","reading":"ぐん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"兵隊","gloss":"sailors","reading":"へいたい"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"居","gloss":"there are","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt3.20.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L048.pt3.21","source":"こくばんに 日本語が 書いてあります。\nこくばんに 英語が 書いてあります。","translation":"Japanese is written on the blackboard.\nEnglish is written on the blackboard.","reading":"こくばんににほんごがかいてあります。こくばんにえいごがかいてあります。","words":[{"text":"こくばん","gloss":"blackboard"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"is written","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is written"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is written"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is written"},{"text":"こくばん","gloss":"blackboard"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"is written","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is written"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is written"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is written"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.pt3.21.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"兵隊","gloss":"soldier"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Morning language classes · Reading Selection 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The morning classes","paragraphs":["The narrator describes six daily class hours, beginning with dialogue recitation at eight.","*二時間目と 三時間目には ダイアログで 習った 新しい 文けいを おう用して、 会話の けいこを します*","The second and third hours apply the new sentence patterns through conversation practice."]},{"title":"Application as well as memory","paragraphs":["*新しい 文章を あんきしたり、 文けいを 習ったり するばかりでなく、 その おう用の れん習を する 事は 語学の 勉強では 大へん 大切です*","The passage says that language study requires application practice as well as memorizing passages and learning sentence patterns."]}],"lines":[{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L048.rd.001","source":"私は 今 この 学校で 日本語を 習っています。","translation":"I am studying Japanese at this school now.","reading":"わたくしはいまこのがっこうでにほんごをならっています。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"am studying","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am studying"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am studying"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am studying"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L048.rd.002","source":"この 学校では 一日に 六時間 じゅぎょうが あります。","translation":"At this school, there are six hours of classroom instruction a day.","reading":"このがっこうではいちにちにろくじかんじゅぎょうがあります。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一日","gloss":"per day","reading":"いちにち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"じゅぎょう","gloss":"classroom instruction"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L048.rd.003","source":"午前に 三時間、 午後に 三時間 あります。","translation":"There are three hours in the morning and three hours in the afternoon.","reading":"ごぜんにさんじかん、ごごにさんじかんあります。","words":[{"text":"午前","gloss":"morning","reading":"ごぜん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"時間、","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"午後","gloss":"afternoon","reading":"ごご"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L048.rd.004","source":"学校が 始まるのは 朝の 八時です。","translation":"School starts at eight in the morning.","reading":"がっこうがはじまるのはあさのはちじです。","words":[{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"始まる","gloss":"starts","reading":"はじまる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eight","reading":"はち"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L048.rd.005","source":"一時間目には 前の 晩 勉強した ダイアログを あんしょうしなければなりません。","translation":"During the first hour, we have to recite the dialogue we studied the night before.","reading":"いちじかんめにはまえのばんべんきょうしたダイアログをあんしょうしなければなりません。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"first hour","reading":"いち"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"first hour","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"目","gloss":"first hour","reading":"め"},{"text":"に","gloss":"during"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"前","gloss":"previous","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"晩","gloss":"night","reading":"ばん"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"studied","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"studied"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ダイアログ","gloss":"dialogue"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あんしょう","gloss":"recite"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"must"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L048.rd.006","source":"二時間目と 三時間目には ダイアログで 習った 新しい 文けいを おう用して、 会話の けいこを します。","translation":"During the second and third hours, we apply the new sentence patterns we learned in the dialogue and practice conversation.","reading":"にじかんめとさんじかんめにはダイアログでならったあたらしいぶんけいをおうようして、かいわのけいこをします。","words":[{"text":"二","gloss":"second hour","reading":"に"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"second hour","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"目","gloss":"second hour","reading":"め"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"三","gloss":"third hour","reading":"さん"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"third hour","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"目","gloss":"third hour","reading":"め"},{"text":"に","gloss":"during"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ダイアログ","gloss":"dialogue"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"learned","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"文","gloss":"sentence patterns","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"けい","gloss":"sentence patterns"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おう","gloss":"apply"},{"text":"用し","gloss":"apply","reading":"ようし"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"apply"},{"text":"会話","gloss":"conversation","reading":"かいわ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"けいこ","gloss":"practice"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L048.rd.007","source":"新しい 文章を あんきしたり、 文けいを 習ったり するばかりでなく、 その おう用の れん習を する 事は 語学の 勉強では 大へん 大切です。","translation":"In language study, it is very important not only to memorize new passages and learn sentence patterns, but also to practice applying them.","reading":"あたらしいぶんしょうをあんきしたり、ぶんけいをならったりするばかりでなく、そのおうようのれんしゅうをすることはごがくのべんきょうではたいへんたいせつです。","words":[{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"文章","gloss":"passages","reading":"ぶんしょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あんき","gloss":"memorize"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"文","gloss":"sentence patterns","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"けい","gloss":"sentence patterns"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"not only"},{"text":"その","gloss":"their"},{"text":"お","gloss":"application"},{"text":"う","gloss":"application"},{"text":"用","gloss":"application","reading":"よう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"れん","gloss":"practice"},{"text":"習","gloss":"practice"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"語学","gloss":"language study"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大へん","gloss":"very"},{"text":"大切","gloss":"important"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.rd.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"一日","gloss":"first day of the month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"六","gloss":"six"},{"word":"午前","gloss":"a.m., morning"},{"word":"午後","gloss":"p.m., afternoon"},{"word":"朝","gloss":"morning"},{"word":"けいこ","gloss":"practice"},{"word":"語学","gloss":"language study"},{"word":"大へん","gloss":"very"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Grammar, lunch and course difficulty · Reading Selection 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Grammar and lunch","paragraphs":["Some students want grammar instruction, but the teacher gives little explanation. Many students go home during the two-hour lunch break.","*文ぽうを 習いたがるのですが*, \"They want to learn grammar.\" The *たがる* form states the students' desire."]},{"title":"New at the school","paragraphs":["*私たちは 先月 ここに 来たばかりで*, \"The narrator's group came here recently, last month.\"","Their recent arrival explains why they know little about their one-year course, which they find difficult."]}],"lines":[{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L048.rd.008","source":"ある 生徒は","translation":"Some students","reading":"あるせいとは","words":[{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L048.rd.009","source":"文ぽうを 習いたがるのですが、 先生は 文ぽうの 説明は あまり しません。","translation":"want to learn grammar, but the teacher does not explain grammar very much.","reading":"ぶんぽうをならいたがるのですが、せんせいはぶんぽうのせつめいはあまりしません。","words":[{"text":"文","gloss":"grammar","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"ぽう","gloss":"grammar"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習い","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならい"},{"text":"たがる","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"文","gloss":"grammar","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"ぽう","gloss":"grammar"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"説明","gloss":"explanation","reading":"せつめい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L048.rd.010","source":"文ぽうの 事を かんがえていると 会話が 出来ないからです。","translation":"This is because you cannot converse if you are thinking about grammar.","reading":"ぶんぽうのことをかんがえているとかいわができないからです。","words":[{"text":"文","gloss":"grammar","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"ぽう","gloss":"grammar"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"matter","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かんがえ","gloss":"are thinking"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are thinking"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are thinking"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"会話","gloss":"conversation","reading":"かいわ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can do","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L048.rd.011","source":"昼休みの 時間は 二時間 ありますから、 昼ごはんに 家に 帰る 生徒が 大ぜい 居ます。","translation":"Because the lunch break is two hours long, many students go home for lunch.","reading":"ひるやすみのじかんはにじかんありますから、ひるごはんにいえにかえるせいとがおおぜいいます。","words":[{"text":"昼休み","gloss":"lunch break","reading":"ひるやすみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"length","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"昼ごはん","gloss":"lunch","reading":"ひるごはん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"帰る","gloss":"go home","reading":"かえる"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大ぜい","gloss":"many","reading":"おおぜい"},{"text":"居","gloss":"there are","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L048.rd.012","source":"私も その 一人です。","translation":"I am one of them too.","reading":"わたくしもそのひとりです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"その","gloss":"those"},{"text":"一人","gloss":"one person","reading":"ひとり"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"am"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.rd.012.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L048.rd.013","source":"私たちは 先月 ここに 来たばかりで、 私たちの 一年の かていに ついては、 まだ よく 知りませんが、 毎日の スケジュールに 書いてある 事を 習うのは かなり むずかしい 事です。","translation":"We just came here last month, so we still do not know much about our one-year course, but it is fairly difficult to learn everything written on the daily schedule.","reading":"わたくしたちはせんげつここにきたばかりで、わたくしたちのいちねんのかていについては、まだよくしりませんが、まいにちのスケジュールにかいてあることをならうのはかなりむずかしいことです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"we"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"先月","gloss":"last month","reading":"せんげつ"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"just"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and so"},{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"we"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one year","reading":"いち"},{"text":"年","gloss":"one year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"かてい","gloss":"course"},{"text":"に","gloss":"about"},{"text":"つい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"て","gloss":"about"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"知り","gloss":"know","reading":"しり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"daily","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"スケジュール","gloss":"schedule"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"is written","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is written"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"is written"},{"text":"事","gloss":"things","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習う","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かなり","gloss":"fairly"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.rd.013.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"かんがえ","gloss":"idea, thinking"},{"word":"大ぜい","gloss":"crowd (of people)"},{"word":"一人","gloss":"one person"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"かてい","gloss":"course of study"},{"word":"かなり","gloss":"fairly"},{"word":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Daily classes and language learning · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The daily course","paragraphs":["The questions ask about class hours, dialogue recitation, sentence patterns, conversation, and grammar.","*新しい 文けいを おう用して、 会話の れん習を するのは 何時間目ですか*, \"During which hours do you apply the new sentence patterns and practice conversation?\"","An answer names the hours and states what happens during them."]}],"lines":[{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L048.q.001","source":"この 学校で 生徒たちは 何を 習っていますか。","translation":"What are the students learning at this school?","reading":"このがっこうでせいとたちはなにをならっていますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"students"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"are learning","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are learning"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are learning"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are learning"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.q.001.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L048.q.002","source":"この 学校では 一日に 何時間 じゅぎょうが ありますか。","translation":"How many hours of classroom instruction are there each day at this school?","reading":"このがっこうではいちにちになんじかんじゅぎょうがありますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一日","gloss":"per day","reading":"いちにち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"じゅぎょう","gloss":"classroom instruction"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.q.002.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L048.q.003","source":"午前と 午後に 三時間ずつ じゅぎょうが ありますか。","translation":"Are there three hours of classroom instruction each in the morning and afternoon?","reading":"ごぜんとごごにさんじかんずつじゅぎょうがありますか。","words":[{"text":"午前","gloss":"morning","reading":"ごぜん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"午後","gloss":"afternoon","reading":"ごご"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"ずつ","gloss":"each"},{"text":"じゅぎょう","gloss":"classroom instruction"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.q.003.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L048.q.004","source":"学校が 始まるのは 何時ですか。","translation":"What time does school start?","reading":"がっこうがはじまるのはなんじですか。","words":[{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"始まる","gloss":"starts","reading":"はじまる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何時","gloss":"what time","reading":"なんじ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.q.004.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L048.q.005","source":"一時間目には 何を しますか。","translation":"What do you do during the first hour?","reading":"いちじかんめにはなにをしますか。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"first hour","reading":"いち"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"first hour","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"目","gloss":"first hour","reading":"め"},{"text":"に","gloss":"during"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.q.005.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L048.q.006","source":"新しい 文けいを おう用して、 会話の れん習を するのは 何時間目ですか。","translation":"During which hours do you apply the new sentence patterns and practice conversation?","reading":"あたらしいぶんけいをおうようして、かいわのれんしゅうをするのはなんじかんめですか。","words":[{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"文","gloss":"sentence patterns","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"けい","gloss":"sentence patterns"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おう","gloss":"apply"},{"text":"用し","gloss":"apply","reading":"ようし"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"apply"},{"text":"会話","gloss":"conversation","reading":"かいわ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"れん","gloss":"practice"},{"text":"習","gloss":"practice"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"which"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hour"},{"text":"目","gloss":"hour"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.q.006.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L048.q.007","source":"新しい 文けいを あんきすれば、 会話は 上手に なりますか。","translation":"Will you become good at conversation if you memorize the new sentence patterns?","reading":"あたらしいぶんけいをあんきすれば、かいわはじょうずになりますか。","words":[{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"文","gloss":"sentence patterns","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"けい","gloss":"sentence patterns"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あんき","gloss":"memorize"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"if"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"会話","gloss":"conversation","reading":"かいわ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good at","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.q.007.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L048.q.008","source":"語学には 何が 大切ですか。","translation":"What is important in language study?","reading":"ごがくにはなにがたいせつですか。","words":[{"text":"語学","gloss":"language study","reading":"ごがく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"大切","gloss":"important","reading":"たいせつ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.q.008.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L048.q.009","source":"文ぽうを 習いたがる 生徒が 居ますか。","translation":"Are there students who want to learn grammar?","reading":"ぶんぽうをならいたがるせいとがいますか。","words":[{"text":"文","gloss":"grammar","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"ぽう","gloss":"grammar"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習い","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならい"},{"text":"たがる","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"居","gloss":"there are","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.q.009.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L048.q.010","source":"この 学校では 昼休みの 時間は 何時間 ありますか。","translation":"How many hours is the lunch break at this school?","reading":"このがっこうではひるやすみのじかんはなんじかんありますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"昼休み","gloss":"lunch break","reading":"ひるやすみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"time","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many hours","reading":"なん"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"how many hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.q.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ずつ","gloss":"each (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"何時","gloss":"what time"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lunch, homework and daily routines · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Leaving home for school","paragraphs":["The questions ask about lunch, homework, departure time, recent arrival, washing, and study.","*あなたは 何時に 家を 出なければ、 八時に 学校へ 来る 事が 出来ませんか*, \"What time do you have to leave home in order to get to school by eight?\"","An answer gives a departure time. With *出る*, *を* marks *家* as the place left."]}],"lines":[{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L048.q.011","source":"沢山の 生徒は お昼ごはんに 家に 帰るそうですが、 なぜですか。","translation":"I hear that many students go home for lunch; why is that?","reading":"たくさんのせいとはおひるごはんにいえにかえるそうですが、なぜですか。","words":[{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"お","gloss":"lunch"},{"text":"昼","gloss":"lunch","reading":"ひる"},{"text":"ごはん","gloss":"lunch"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"帰る","gloss":"go home","reading":"かえる"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.q.011.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L048.q.012","source":"一日中 勉強ばかり するのは 悪いですか。","translation":"Is it bad to do nothing but study all day?","reading":"いちにちじゅうべんきょうばかりするのはわるいですか。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"all day"},{"text":"日","gloss":"all day"},{"text":"中","gloss":"all day"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"nothing but"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"doing"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.q.012.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L048.q.013","source":"この 学校が ほうかに なるのは 何時ですか。","translation":"What time does this school let out?","reading":"このがっこうがほうかになるのはなんじですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ほうか","gloss":"dismissal"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"の","gloss":"when"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何時","gloss":"what time","reading":"なんじ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.q.013.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L048.q.014","source":"宿題は いつ、 どこで しますか。","translation":"When and where do you do your homework?","reading":"しゅくだいはいつ、どこでしますか。","words":[{"text":"宿題","gloss":"homework","reading":"しゅくだい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.q.014.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L048.q.015","source":"あなたは 何時に 家を 出なければ、 八時に 学校へ 来る 事が 出来ませんか。","translation":"What time do you have to leave home in order to get to school by eight?","reading":"あなたはなんじにいえをでなければ、はちじにがっこうへくることができませんか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what time","reading":"なん"},{"text":"時","gloss":"what time","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"from"},{"text":"出","gloss":"leave","reading":"で"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eight o’clock","reading":"はち"},{"text":"時","gloss":"eight o’clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"come","reading":"くる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"doing so","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.q.015.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L048.q.016","source":"あなたは ここへ 来たばかりですか。","translation":"Did you just come here?","reading":"あなたはここへきたばかりですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"just"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.q.016.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L048.q.017","source":"あなたは かおを あらってから、 はを みがきますか。","translation":"Do you brush your teeth after washing your face?","reading":"あなたはかおをあらってから、はをみがきますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かお","gloss":"face"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あらっ","gloss":"wash"},{"text":"て","gloss":"wash"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"after"},{"text":"は","gloss":"teeth"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"みがき","gloss":"brush"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.q.017.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L048.q.018","source":"きゅうけい 時間には あなたは どうしますか。","translation":"What do you do during recess?","reading":"きゅうけいじかんにはあなたはどうしますか。","words":[{"text":"きゅうけい","gloss":"recess"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"time","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"during"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.q.018.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L048.q.019","source":"あなた方は 毎日 文けいを いくつぐらい 習いますか。","translation":"About how many sentence patterns do you learn each day?","reading":"あなたがたはまいにちぶんけいをいくつぐらいならいますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you all"},{"text":"方","gloss":"you all","reading":"がた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"each day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"文","gloss":"sentence pattern","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"けい","gloss":"sentence pattern"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"いく","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"習い","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.q.019.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"なぜ","gloss":"why?"},{"word":"宿題","gloss":"homework"},{"word":"いつ、","gloss":"when?"},{"word":"かお","gloss":"face"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Class schedules and study terms · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Schedules and study","paragraphs":["These words cover the organization and content of a school day.","*スケジュール* means \"schedule,\" *きゅうけい時間* means \"recess hour,\" and *文けい* means \"sentence pattern.\"","*おう用* means \"application,\" the practical use of what the class teaches."]}],"lines":[{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.001","source":"クラス","translation":"class","reading":"クラス","words":[{"text":"クラス","gloss":"class"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.001.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.002","source":"スケジュール","translation":"schedule","reading":"スケジュール","words":[{"text":"スケジュール","gloss":"schedule"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.002.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.003","source":"したく","translation":"preparation","reading":"したく","words":[{"text":"したく","gloss":"preparation"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.003.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.004","source":"一時間目","translation":"first hour","reading":"いちじかんめ","words":[{"text":"一時間目","gloss":"first hour","reading":"いちじかんめ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.004.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.005","source":"きゅうけい","translation":"recess","reading":"きゅうけい","words":[{"text":"きゅうけい","gloss":"recess"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.005.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.006","source":"きゅうけい時間","translation":"recess hour","reading":"きゅうけいじかん","words":[{"text":"きゅうけい時間","gloss":"recess hour","reading":"きゅうけいじかん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.006.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.007","source":"文けい","translation":"sentence pattern","reading":"ぶんけい","words":[{"text":"文けい","gloss":"sentence pattern","reading":"ぶんけい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.007.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.008","source":"文ぽう","translation":"grammar","reading":"ぶんぽう","words":[{"text":"文ぽう","gloss":"grammar","reading":"ぶんぽう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.008.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.009","source":"文章","translation":"sentence","reading":"ぶんしょう","words":[{"text":"文章","gloss":"sentence","reading":"ぶんしょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.009.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.010","source":"おう用","translation":"application","reading":"おうよう","words":[{"text":"おう用","gloss":"application","reading":"おうよう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"したく","gloss":"preparation"},{"word":"一時間目","gloss":"first hour"},{"word":"きゅうけい時間","gloss":"recess hour"},{"word":"文けい","gloss":"sentence pattern"},{"word":"文ぽう","gloss":"grammar"},{"word":"おう用","gloss":"application"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lunch, preparation and recitation · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Preparation and application","paragraphs":["These words cover preparation, study, lunch, and actions used in class.","*昼ごはん* means \"lunch, noon meal,\" *じゅんび* means \"preparation,\" and *あんしょうする* means \"to recite from memory.\"","*おう用する* means \"to apply, put in practice.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.011","source":"昼休み","translation":"noon recess","reading":"ひるやすみ","words":[{"text":"昼休み","gloss":"noon recess","reading":"ひるやすみ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.011.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.012","source":"昼ごはん","translation":"lunch, noon meal","reading":"ひるごはん","words":[{"text":"昼ごはん","gloss":"lunch","reading":"ひるごはん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.012.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.013","source":"説明","translation":"explanation","reading":"せつめい","words":[{"text":"説明","gloss":"explanation","reading":"せつめい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.013.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.014","source":"じゅんび","translation":"preparation","reading":"じゅんび","words":[{"text":"じゅんび","gloss":"preparation"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.014.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.015","source":"か","translation":"lesson in a textbook","reading":"か","words":[{"text":"か","gloss":"textbook lesson"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.015.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.016","source":"かてい","translation":"course of study","reading":"かてい","words":[{"text":"かてい","gloss":"course of study"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.016.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.017","source":"みがく","translation":"to polish, brush","reading":"みがく","words":[{"text":"みがく","gloss":"polish or brush"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.017.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.018","source":"あんしょうする","translation":"to recite from memory","reading":"あんしょうする","words":[{"text":"あんしょうする","gloss":"recite from memory"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.018.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.019","source":"おう用する","translation":"to apply, put in practice","reading":"おうようする","words":[{"text":"おう用する","gloss":"put into practice","reading":"おうようする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.019.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.020","source":"帰れる","translation":"to be able to go home","reading":"かえれる","words":[{"text":"帰れる","gloss":"can go home","reading":"かえれる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"みがく","gloss":"to polish, brush"},{"word":"あんしょうする","gloss":"to recite from memory"},{"word":"おう用する","gloss":"to apply, put in practice"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Explaining, memorizing and wanting · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Actions and grammar forms","paragraphs":["These entries cover explaining, quitting, understanding, memorizing, and several forms used throughout the lesson.","*--たばかり* marks recent completion, *を* can mark a \"point of departure,\" and *--たがる* means \"want, wish.\"","*さもなければ* means \"otherwise, if not so.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.021","source":"説明する","translation":"to explain","reading":"せつめいする","words":[{"text":"説明する","gloss":"explain","reading":"せつめいする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.021.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.022","source":"やめる","translation":"to quit","reading":"やめる","words":[{"text":"やめる","gloss":"quit"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.022.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.023","source":"りかい(する)","translation":"understanding\n(to understand)","reading":"りかい(する)","words":[{"text":"りかい(する)","gloss":"understand"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.023.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.024","source":"あんきする","translation":"to memorize","reading":"あんきする","words":[{"text":"あんきする","gloss":"memorize"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.024.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.025","source":"--たばかり","translation":"have just ---\n(See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--たばかり","words":[{"text":"--たばかり","gloss":"have just done"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.025.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.026","source":"ほうかになる","translation":"class lets out","reading":"ほうかになる","words":[{"text":"ほうかになる","gloss":"class lets out"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.026.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.027","source":"を","translation":"particle indicating a\npoint of departure\n(See Grammar Notes)","reading":"を","words":[{"text":"を","gloss":"from"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.027.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.028","source":"だめ","translation":"no good, useless,\nhopeless","reading":"だめ","words":[{"text":"だめ","gloss":"no good"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.028.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.029","source":"さもなければ","translation":"otherwise, if not so","reading":"さもなければ","words":[{"text":"さもなければ","gloss":"otherwise"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.029.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.030","source":"--たがる","translation":"want, wish\n(See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--たがる","words":[{"text":"--たがる","gloss":"want to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.030.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"説明する","gloss":"to explain"},{"word":"やめる","gloss":"to quit"},{"word":"りかい(する)","gloss":"understanding\n(to understand)"},{"word":"あんきする","gloss":"to memorize"},{"word":"--たばかり","gloss":"have just ---\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ほうかになる","gloss":"class lets out"},{"word":"だめ","gloss":"no good, useless,\nhopeless"},{"word":"さもなければ","gloss":"otherwise, if not so"},{"word":"--たがる","gloss":"want, wish\n(See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Morning routines and study wishes · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Addition, departure, and desire","paragraphs":["*--ばかりでなく* means \"not only, but.\" The examples also cover morning departure, recent arrival, and a child's wish.","*私は 七時半頃 家を出て 学校へ 行きます*, \"I leave home around seven-thirty and go to school.\" Here *を* marks home as the departure point.","*私は 一週間 前に この 学校へ 来たばかりです* presents a recent arrival. *うちの 子供は 勉強を やめたがります* presents the child's desire to quit studying."]}],"lines":[{"number":164,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.031","source":"一つ一つ","translation":"one by one, everyone","reading":"ひとつひとつ","words":[{"text":"一つ一つ","gloss":"one by one","reading":"ひとつひとつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.031.m4a"},{"number":165,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.032","source":"ただ","translation":"merely","reading":"ただ","words":[{"text":"ただ","gloss":"merely"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.032.m4a"},{"number":166,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.033","source":"--ばかりでなく","translation":"not only -- but\n(See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--ばかりでなく","words":[{"text":"--ばかりでなく","gloss":"not only"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.033.m4a"},{"number":167,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.034","source":"私は 朝 おきると すぐ はを みがいたり、 ひげを そったり して、 学校へ 行くしたくをします。","translation":"As soon as I get up in the morning, I brush my teeth and shave my beard, and get ready to go to school.","reading":"わたくしはあさおきるとすぐはをみがいたり、ひげをそったりして、がっこうへいくしたくをします。","words":[{"text":"私は朝おきるとすぐはをみがいたり、ひげをそったりして、学校へ行くしたくをします。","gloss":"get ready for school","reading":"わたくしはあさおきるとすぐはをみがいたり、ひげをそったりして、がっこうへいくしたくをします。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.034.m4a"},{"number":168,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.035","source":"私は 七時半頃 家を出て 学校へ 行きます。","translation":"I leave home around seven-thirty and go to school.","reading":"わたくしはしちじはんごろいえをでてがっこうへいきます。","words":[{"text":"私は七時半頃家を出て学校へ行きます。","gloss":"leave home for school","reading":"わたくしはしちじはんごろいえをでてがっこうへいきます。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.035.m4a"},{"number":169,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.036","source":"文けいが おう用 出来なければ だめです。","translation":"It's not good if you cannot apply sentence patterns.","reading":"ぶんけいがおうようできなければだめです。","words":[{"text":"文けいがおう用出来なければだめです。","gloss":"cannot apply sentence patterns","reading":"ぶんけいがおうようできなければだめです。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.036.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.037","source":"私は 一週間 前に この 学校へ 来たばかりです。","translation":"I just came to this school a week ago.","reading":"わたくしはいっしゅうかんまえにこのがっこうへきたばかりです。","words":[{"text":"私は一週間前にこの学校へ来たばかりです。","gloss":"arrived just last week","reading":"わたくしはいっしゅうかんまえにこのがっこうへきたばかりです。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.037.m4a"},{"number":171,"id":"ja.dli.L048.w.038","source":"うちの 子供は 勉強を やめたがります。","translation":"Our child wants to quit studying.","reading":"うちのこどもはべんきょうをやめたがります。","words":[{"text":"うちの子供は勉強をやめたがります。","gloss":"child wants to quit","reading":"うちのこどもはべんきょうをやめたがります。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L048.w.038.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"一つ一つ","gloss":"one by one, everyone"},{"word":"--ばかりでなく","gloss":"not only -- but\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"私は朝おきるとすぐはをみがいたり、ひげをそったりして、学校へ行くしたくをします。","gloss":"\"As soon as I get up in the morning, I brush my teeth and shave my beard, and get ready to go to school.\""},{"word":"私は七時半頃家を出て学校へ行きます。","gloss":"\"I leave home around seven-thirty and go to school.\""},{"word":"文けいがおう用出来なければだめです。","gloss":"\"It's not good if you cannot apply sentence patterns.\""},{"word":"私は一週間前にこの学校へ来たばかりです。","gloss":"\"I just came to this school a week ago.\""},{"word":"うちの子供は勉強をやめたがります。","gloss":"\"Our child wants to quit studying.\""}],"paradigms":[]}]}