{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L049","title":"Lesson 49","stage":"Kanji and everyday Japanese","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 49: approaching graduation and travel · dialogue 1 of 2, reflecting on academic struggles · dialogue 2 of 2, making guesses and predictions · perception drill, saying what you cannot do · perception drill, talking about former habits · perception drill, making probable statements · pattern 1 1 of 3, asking and answering guesses · pattern 1 2 of 3, people, saying what cannot be done · pattern 2 1 of 2, asking about abilities · pattern 2 2 of 2, past habits in youth · pattern 3 1 of 2, past habits versus today · pattern 3 2 of 2, preparing for a graduation trip · reading selection 1 of 2, studying during the class trip · reading selection 2 of 2, study, worry, ability.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/49","lines":141},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/48","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/50","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Approaching graduation and travel · Dialogue 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"How time passes","paragraphs":["*早いものですね。 ここへ 来てから、 もう ほとんど 一年に なります* means \"How time flies. It will be almost a year since arriving here.\"","The students discuss graduation and an approaching trip. Here *ものです* follows *早い* and makes the description emphatic."]},{"title":"Worry about the trip","paragraphs":["*おそらく だれでも 少しは そんな 心配が あるだろうと 思います* means \"Most probably everybody will have a little anxiety, I think.\" Here *だろう* marks probability.","In *今では 日じょうの 事なら 話せるのですから*, *話せる* means \"to be able to speak.\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 課, 程, 配","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: -A 答","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L049.dlg.001","source":"早いものですね。 ここへ 来てから、 もう ほとんど 一年に なります。","translation":"How time flies. It will be almost a year since we came here.","reading":"はやいものですね。ここへきてから、もうほとんどいちねんになります。","words":[{"text":"早い","gloss":"fast","reading":"はやい"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"come"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"since"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"ほとんど","gloss":"almost"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one year","reading":"いち"},{"text":"年","gloss":"one year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L049.dlg.002","source":"ほんとに 月日が たつのは 早いもんですね。 一年の 課程も 終りに 近づきましたね。","translation":"Time really passes quickly, doesn't it? The year's course is drawing to an end.","reading":"ほんとにつきひがたつのははやいもんですね。いちねんのかていもおわりにちかづきましたね。","words":[{"text":"ほんと","gloss":"really"},{"text":"に","gloss":"really"},{"text":"月日","gloss":"time","reading":"つきひ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"たつ","gloss":"passes"},{"text":"の","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"早い","gloss":"quickly","reading":"はやい"},{"text":"もん","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one year","reading":"いち"},{"text":"年","gloss":"one year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"課程","gloss":"course","reading":"かてい"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"終り","gloss":"end","reading":"おわり"},{"text":"に","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"近づき","gloss":"draw near","reading":"ちかづき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L049.dlg.003","source":"後 一か月で そつぎょうするんですからね。","translation":"We'll be graduating in one more month.","reading":"あといっかげつでそつぎょうするんですからね。","words":[{"text":"後","gloss":"more"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one"},{"text":"か月","gloss":"month"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"そつぎょう","gloss":"graduate"},{"text":"する","gloss":"graduate"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"you see"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L049.dlg.004","source":"一言も 知らずに ここへ 来て、 今では 日じょうの 事なら 話せるのですから、 自分でも おどろくほどです。","translation":"We came here not knowing a word and now we can converse about everyday things (routine), so it is surprising to me.","reading":"ひとこともしらずにここへきて、いまではにちじょうのことならはなせるのですから、じぶんでもおどろくほどです。","words":[{"text":"一言","gloss":"one word","reading":"ひとこと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"知ら","gloss":"without knowing","reading":"しら"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"without knowing"},{"text":"に","gloss":"without knowing"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"came"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日","gloss":"everyday","reading":"にち"},{"text":"じょう","gloss":"everyday"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"things","reading":"こと"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"as for"},{"text":"話せる","gloss":"can converse","reading":"はなせる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"myself","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"おどろく","gloss":"surprising"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"so much"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L049.dlg.005","source":"まったく そうです。 でも、 今度の 金曜日の りょ行では、 色々 知らない 人と 話すのでしょうから、 少し 心配で。","translation":"Entirely true! But on this Friday's trip we will be speaking Japanese with many strangers, so I'm kind of worried.","reading":"まったくそうです。でも、こんどのきんようびのりょこうでは、いろいろしらないひととはなすのでしょうから、すこししんぱいで。","words":[{"text":"まったく","gloss":"entirely"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"今度","gloss":"this coming","reading":"こんど"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"金曜","gloss":"Friday","reading":"きんよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Friday","reading":"び"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"り","gloss":"trip"},{"text":"ょ","gloss":"trip"},{"text":"行","gloss":"trip","reading":"こう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"色々","gloss":"various","reading":"いろいろ"},{"text":"知ら","gloss":"unknown","reading":"しら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"unknown"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"話す","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなす"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"心配","gloss":"worried","reading":"しんぱい"},{"text":"で。","gloss":"and"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L049.dlg.006","source":"おたがいさまですよ。 おそらく だれでも 少しは そんな 心配が あるだろうと 思います。","translation":"The feeling is mutual. Most probably everybody will have a little anxiety, I think.","reading":"おたがいさまですよ。おそらくだれでもすこしはそんなしんぱいがあるだろうとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"feeling is mutual"},{"text":"たがい","gloss":"feeling is mutual"},{"text":"さま","gloss":"feeling is mutual"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"おそらく","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"everyone"},{"text":"で","gloss":"everyone"},{"text":"も","gloss":"everyone"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"そんな","gloss":"such"},{"text":"心配","gloss":"anxiety","reading":"しんぱい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"have"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably will"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"I think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"I think"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"MONO DESU or MON DESU\n\n1. MONO DESU or MON DESU\n\nMONO DESU or the short form of it, MON DESU, following the base form of I-adjectives, NA-adjectives and verbs makes the statement emphatic. It is commonly rendered 'indeed,' 'surely,' etc. Sometimes such an expression is rendered in an exclamatory sentence.\n\nHAYAI MONO (MON) DESU NE. \"It surely is fast, isn't it?\"\n\"How time flies!\"\n\nKONO HANA WA KIREI NA MONO (MON) DESU NE. \"This flower is indeed beautiful, isn't it?\"\n\"Isn't this flower beautiful?\""},{"section":2,"text":"DAROO\n\n2. DAROO\n\nDAROO expresses a conjecture or a probability. It is the informal future form of the copula DA. It may follow a substantive, a verb, or an I-adjective base form and expresses the idea of 'probably,' 'I guess,' 'most likely,' etc.\n\nANO KATA WA FURANSUGO NO SENSEI DAROO.\n(ANO KATA WA FURANSUGO NO SENSEI DESHOO.) \"I guess he is a French teacher.\"\n\nSENSEI MO SHINPAI SURU DAROO.\n(SENSEI MO SHINPAI SURU DESHOO.) \"Probably the teacher will worry, too.\"\n\nOSORAKU HANASENAI DAROO.\n(OSORAKU HANASENAI DESHOO.) \"Most likely he'll not be able to talk.\"\n\nSAKURA NO HANA WA KIREI DAROO.\n(SAKURA NO HANA WA KIREI DESHOO.) \"Cherry blossoms are probably pretty.\"\n\nWhen DAROO is followed by KA, it expresses the idea of \"Do you suppose---.\"\n\nANO HITO MO IKU DAROO KA. \"Do you suppose he'll go, too?\"\n\nKONBAN AME GA FURU DAROO KA. \"Do you suppose it will rain tonight?\""},{"section":3,"text":"--RERU, -- RARERU\n\n3. --RERU, -- RARERU\n\nThe suffixes RERU and RARERU were introduced in Lesson 46 as passive voice suffixes.\n\nSENSEI NI MIRAREMASHITA. \"I was seen by the teacher.\"\n\nWATAKUSHI WA DOITSU E TSURETE IKAREMASHITA. \"I was taken to Germany.\"\n\nThese suffixes, used in exactly the same ways as above, have another meaning of 'can,' or 'be able to.'\n\nANATA WA NIHONGO GA OSHIERAREMASU. \"You can teach Japanese.\"\n\nWATAKUSHI WA SAKUBAN WA NERAREMASEN DESHITA. \"I couldn't sleep last night.\"\n\nKONNA IE NIWA SUMAREMASEN. \"I can't live in a house like this.\"\n\nWhether the verbs in these suffixes are in the passive voice or the potential mood depends entirely on the context. The SURU in this form, e.i. SARERU, is seldom, if ever, used potentially. DEKIRU is usually used in its place."},{"section":4,"text":"--TA MONO DESU or TA MON DESU.\n\n4. --TA MONO DESU or TA MON DESU.\n\nMONO DESU or MON DESU used after the past tense of a verb or an I-adjective, most commonly informal past tense, conveys an idea of 'used to.'\n\nKODOMO NO TOKI SOKO E TABITABI ITTA MONO DESU. \"I used to go there often when I was a child.\"\n\nWAKAI TOKI NIWA NICHIYOOBI NIWA OHIRU GORO MADE NETA MON DESU. \"When I was young, I used to sleep until about noon on Sundays.\"\n\nKODOMO NO TOKI EIGA NI TSURETE ITTE MORAU TO URESHIKATTA MONO DESU. \"I used to be happy when I was taken to a movie when I was a child.\"\n\nRAJIO WA MUKASHI TAKAKATTA MONO DESU GA IMA DEWA YASUI DESU. \"Radios used to be expensive, but at present they are inexpensive.\"\n\nThis pattern is less frequently used with an inanimate subject. A simple past tense is used instead."},{"section":5,"text":"KOSO\n\n5. KOSO\n\nKOSO is used after a substantive or a phrase to single it out for emphasis as 'indeed,' 'for sure.'\n\nYAMADA-SAN KOSO SHITTE IRU HAZU DESU. \"Mr. Yamada is supposed to know, indeed.\"\n\nTABAKO O NOMU KOTO KOSO KARADA NI WARUI. \"Indeed, smoking is bad for one's health.\""}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ほとんど","gloss":"almost (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"月日","gloss":"time, months and days"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"たつ","gloss":"to pass (time), elapse"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"課程","gloss":"course of study"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"一言","gloss":"one word"},{"word":"なら","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"話せる","gloss":"to be able to speak"},{"word":"自分","gloss":"self"},{"word":"おどろく","gloss":"to be surprised"},{"word":"ほど","gloss":"to the extent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"まったく","gloss":"truly, entirely"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"今度","gloss":"this time, next time"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"},{"word":"おそらく","gloss":"perhaps, probably"},{"word":"だれ","gloss":"who?"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Reflecting on academic struggles · Dialogue 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Who struggled most","paragraphs":["*私こそ 夜とこに はいってからでも、 ねられずに 勉強の 事について かんがえたものです* means \"I, indeed, used to think about studying, unable to sleep even after getting into bed at night.\"","The students compare earlier worries about school. *こそ* follows *私* and singles that person out for emphasis."]},{"title":"What happened often","paragraphs":["In the same line, *かんがえたものです* means the speaker used to think about studying."]},{"title":"Kanji: 頭, 多","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L049.dlg.007","source":"でも、 もうすぐ そつぎょうだと 思うと、 うれしいですね。","translation":"But when we think we'll be graduating soon, it really makes us happy, doesn't it?","reading":"でも、もうすぐそつぎょうだとおもうと、うれしいですね。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"soon"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"soon"},{"text":"そつぎょう","gloss":"graduate"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"will"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思う","gloss":"think","reading":"おもう"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"うれしい","gloss":"happy"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L049.dlg.008","source":"私は 頭が 悪いので、 始めは 学校が 出られるかどうかと、 少々 心配していたんですよ。","translation":"I'm dumb, so I was worried a bit wondering whether I could graduate or not.","reading":"わたくしはあたまがわるいので、はじめはがっこうがでられるかどうかと、しょうしょうしんぱいしていたんですよ。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"頭","gloss":"mind","reading":"あたま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"dull","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"始め","gloss":"at first","reading":"はじめ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出","gloss":"can graduate","reading":"で"},{"text":"られる","gloss":"can graduate"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"or"},{"text":"か","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"少々","gloss":"a little","reading":"しょうしょう"},{"text":"心配","gloss":"worried","reading":"しんぱい"},{"text":"し","gloss":"was worried"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was worried"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was worried"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was worried"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"you see"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L049.dlg.009","source":"ごじょうだんでしょう。 私こそ 夜とこに はいってからでも、 ねられずに 勉強の 事について かんがえたものです。","translation":"You must be kidding. I, indeed, used to think about studying, not being able to sleep even after getting into bed at night.","reading":"ごじょうだんでしょう。わたくしこそよるとこにはいってからでも、ねられずにべんきょうのことについてかんがえたものです。","words":[{"text":"ご","gloss":"kidding"},{"text":"じょうだん","gloss":"kidding"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"must be"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"こそ","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"夜","gloss":"at night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"とこ","gloss":"bed"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"はいっ","gloss":"getting into"},{"text":"て","gloss":"getting into"},{"text":"から","gloss":"after"},{"text":"で","gloss":"even"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"even"},{"text":"ね","gloss":"unable to sleep"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"unable to sleep"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"unable to sleep"},{"text":"に","gloss":"unable to sleep"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"studying","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"matter","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"about"},{"text":"つい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"て","gloss":"about"},{"text":"かんがえ","gloss":"thought"},{"text":"た","gloss":"thought"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"used to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"was"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L049.dlg.010","source":"私は ここへ 来るのが 一週間 おそかったでしょう。 こまりましたよ。","translation":"I came here one week late, you see. I really had a hard time.","reading":"わたくしはここへくるのがいっしゅうかんおそかったでしょう。こまりましたよ。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"came","reading":"くる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"週間","gloss":"week","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"おそかっ","gloss":"was late"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was late"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"you see"},{"text":"こまり","gloss":"had a hard time"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"had a hard time"},{"text":"た","gloss":"had a hard time"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L049.dlg.011","source":"習わなければならない かん字や 言葉の かずは 多いし、 こまったでしょうね。","translation":"I imagine you had a difficult time because there were many words and kanji that you had to learn.","reading":"ならわなければならないかんじやことばのかずはおおいし、こまったでしょうね。","words":[{"text":"習わ","gloss":"had to learn","reading":"ならわ"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"had to learn"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"had to learn"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"had to learn"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"had to learn"},{"text":"か","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"字","gloss":"kanji","reading":"じ"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"言葉","gloss":"words","reading":"ことば"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"かず","gloss":"number"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"こまっ","gloss":"had a hard time"},{"text":"た","gloss":"had a hard time"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L049.dlg.012","source":"始めの 間は くろうしましたよ。 でも、 今 かんがえると、 かえって おもしろかったと 思っています。","translation":"I really suffered at first. But when I think of it now, it was rather pleasant.","reading":"はじめのあいだはくろうしましたよ。でも、いまかんがえると、かえっておもしろかったとおもっています。","words":[{"text":"始め","gloss":"beginning","reading":"はじめ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"間","gloss":"period"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"くろう","gloss":"suffered"},{"text":"し","gloss":"suffered"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"suffered"},{"text":"た","gloss":"suffered"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"かんがえる","gloss":"think"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"かえって","gloss":"rather"},{"text":"おもしろかっ","gloss":"was pleasant"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was pleasant"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"I think","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"I think"},{"text":"い","gloss":"I think"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"I think"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"すぐ","gloss":"right away, immediately"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"思う","gloss":"to think"},{"word":"うれしい","gloss":"joyful, glad, happy"},{"word":"頭","gloss":"head, mind"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"少々","gloss":"a little"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"じょうだん","gloss":"joke, jest"},{"word":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"こそ","gloss":"indeed, certainly\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"夜","gloss":"night, evening"},{"word":"とこ","gloss":"bed"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"かんがえ","gloss":"idea, thinking"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"かず","gloss":"number"},{"word":"かんがえる","gloss":"to think"},{"word":"かえって","gloss":"on the contrary, rather (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Making guesses and predictions · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"Ask for a judgment","paragraphs":["*田中さんは 行くだろうか* means \"Do you suppose Mr. Tanaka will go?\" The ending *だろうか* asks for a probable judgment."]},{"title":"State what is probable","paragraphs":["*あの人も 行くだろう* means \"He probably will go, too.\" The ending *だろう* expresses a conjecture or probability.","It follows a noun, a verb, an I-adjective, or the stem of a NA-adjective. With *か*, it means \"do you suppose.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp1.01","source":"田中さんは 行くだろうか。","translation":"Do you suppose Mr. Tanaka will go?","reading":"たなかさんはいくだろうか。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp1.02","source":"あの人も 行くだろう。↓","translation":"He probably will go, too.","reading":"あのひともいくだろう。↓","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"だろう。↓","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp1.03","source":"今晩は さむいだろう。↓","translation":"It probably will be cold tonight.","reading":"こんばんはさむいだろう。↓","words":[{"text":"今晩は","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばんは"},{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"だろう。↓","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp1.04","source":"それは 日本語の ざっしだろう。↓","translation":"That probably is a Japanese magazine.","reading":"それはにほんごのざっしだろう。↓","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazine"},{"text":"だろう。↓","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp1.05","source":"あの 生徒は 勉強が きらいだろう。↓","translation":"That student probably doesn't like to study.","reading":"あのせいとはべんきょうがきらいだろう。↓","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"studying","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"きらい","gloss":"dislikes"},{"text":"だろう。↓","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp1.06","source":"今晩 雨が 降るだろうか。","translation":"I wonder if it will rain tonight.","reading":"こんばんあめがふるだろうか。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"rain","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp1.07","source":"多分 降るだろう。","translation":"It will probably rain.","reading":"たぶんふるだろう。","words":[{"text":"多分","gloss":"probably","reading":"たぶん"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"rain","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp1.08","source":"日本へ 行くのは いつが いいだろうか。","translation":"When would be the best time to go to Japan?","reading":"にほんへいくのはいつがいいだろうか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"best"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"would be"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp1.09","source":"四月頃が 一番 いいだろう。","translation":"Around April would be best.","reading":"しがつごろがいちばんいいだろう。","words":[{"text":"四","gloss":"April"},{"text":"月","gloss":"April"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"best","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"would be"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp1.10","source":"あそこに 居る人は 女だろうか。","translation":"Is the person over there a woman?","reading":"あそこにいるひとはおんなだろうか。","words":[{"text":"あそこ","gloss":"over there"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"居る","gloss":"is","reading":"いる"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"女","gloss":"woman","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp1.11","source":"かみが 長いから 女だろうが、 この頃は 男でも かみが 長いから、 わかりませんね。","translation":"The person has long hair, so it is probably a woman, but these days men have long hair too, so I don't know.","reading":"かみがながいからおんなだろうが、このごろはおとこでもかみがながいから、わかりませんね。","words":[{"text":"かみ","gloss":"hair"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"長い","gloss":"long","reading":"ながい"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"女","gloss":"woman","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"この頃","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"男","gloss":"men","reading":"おとこ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"even"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"かみ","gloss":"hair"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"長い","gloss":"long","reading":"ながい"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"know"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"do not know"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"do not know"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp1.11.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp1.12","source":"この 文けいは 大切だろうか。","translation":"Is this sentence pattern important?","reading":"このぶんけいはたいせつだろうか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"文","gloss":"sentence pattern","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"けいは","gloss":"sentence pattern"},{"text":"大切","gloss":"important","reading":"たいせつ"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp1.12.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp1.13","source":"ええ、 私は 大切だろうと 思います。","translation":"Yes, I think it is important.","reading":"ええ、わたくしはたいせつだろうとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大切","gloss":"important","reading":"たいせつ"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"I think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"I think"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp1.13.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"word":"きらい","gloss":"dislike (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"降る","gloss":"to fall (rain) (v.i.)"},{"word":"いつ","gloss":"when?"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"月","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"頃","gloss":"approximate point of time (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"一番","gloss":"number one (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"あそこ","gloss":"over there"},{"word":"女","gloss":"female"},{"word":"かみ","gloss":"hair"},{"word":"この頃","gloss":"these days, nowadays"},{"word":"男","gloss":"male"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying what you cannot do · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"Unable to go","paragraphs":["*私は 行かれません* means \"I can't go.\" Here *行かれません* is the negative potential form. It states inability."]},{"title":"The same endings for ability","paragraphs":["*私は 今晩は いそがしいから、 来られません* means \"I'm busy tonight, so I can't come.\"","The endings in *行かれません* and *来られません* can mean \"cannot\" or \"not be able to.\" Context distinguishes this meaning from the passive."]}],"lines":[{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp2.01","source":"私は 行かれません。","translation":"I can't go.","reading":"わたくしはいかれません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"cannot go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"cannot go"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"cannot go"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"cannot go"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp2.01.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp2.02","source":"私は 昨晩 ねられませんでした。","translation":"I couldn't sleep last night.","reading":"わたくしはさくばんねられませんでした。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"昨晩","gloss":"last night","reading":"さくばん"},{"text":"ね","gloss":"could not sleep"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"could not sleep"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"could not sleep"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"could not sleep"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"could not sleep"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"could not sleep"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp2.02.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp2.03","source":"私は 今晩は いそがしいから、 来られません。","translation":"I'm busy tonight, so I can't come.","reading":"わたくしはこんばんはいそがしいから、こられません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今晩は","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばんは"},{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"来","gloss":"cannot come","reading":"こ"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"cannot come"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"cannot come"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"cannot come"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp2.03.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp2.04","source":"私は 五時には おきられません。","translation":"I can't get up at five.","reading":"わたくしはごじにはおきられません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"五","gloss":"five","reading":"ご"},{"text":"時","gloss":"oclock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"cannot get up"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"cannot get up"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"cannot get up"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"cannot get up"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp2.04.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp2.05","source":"私は そんなに 沢山 食べられません。","translation":"I can't eat that much.","reading":"わたくしはそんなにたくさんたべられません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"そんな","gloss":"that"},{"text":"に","gloss":"much"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"a lot","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"cannot eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"cannot eat"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"cannot eat"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"cannot eat"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp2.05.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp2.06","source":"私は 時々 先生の しつもんに 答えられません。","translation":"Sometimes I can't answer the teacher's questions.","reading":"わたくしはときどきせんせいのしつもんにこたえられません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"しつもん","gloss":"questions"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"答え","gloss":"cannot answer","reading":"こたえ"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"cannot answer"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"cannot answer"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"cannot answer"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp2.06.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp2.07","source":"私は この頃 言葉が おぼえられません。","translation":"These days I can't remember words.","reading":"わたくしはこのごろことばがおぼえられません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この頃","gloss":"these days","reading":"このごろ"},{"text":"言葉","gloss":"words","reading":"ことば"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"おぼえ","gloss":"cannot remember"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"cannot remember"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"cannot remember"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"cannot remember"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp2.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ね","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"時々","gloss":"sometimes, occasionally"},{"word":"しつもん","gloss":"question"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Talking about former habits · Perception drill, Block 3","teaching":[{"title":"A habit from youth","paragraphs":["*私は 若い 時には よく 勉強したものです* means \"I used to study hard when I was young.\" The form *したものです* presents study as a former habit."]},{"title":"Past form with ものです","paragraphs":["*私は 日本に 居た 時には、 よくゴルフを やったものですが、 米国では あまり やりません* describes a former habit in Japan.","It means \"I used to play golf often when I was in Japan, but I do not play much in the United States.\"","After a past verb, *ものです* means \"used to.\" The informal past is usual, and *MON DESU* is the short form."]}],"lines":[{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp3.01","source":"私は 若い 時には よく 勉強したものです。","translation":"I used to study hard when I was young.","reading":"わたくしはわかいときにはよくべんきょうしたものです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"若い","gloss":"young","reading":"わかい"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"often"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"studied hard"},{"text":"た","gloss":"studied hard"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"used to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"was"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp3.01.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp3.02","source":"私は 若い 時には よく 食べたものですが、 この頃は あまり 食べられません。","translation":"I used to eat a lot when I was young, but these days I can't eat very much.","reading":"わたくしはわかいときにはよくたべたものですが、このごろはあまりたべられません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"若い","gloss":"young","reading":"わかい"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"a lot"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"used to eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"used to eat"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"used to"},{"text":"です","gloss":"was"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"この頃","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"cannot eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"cannot eat"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"cannot eat"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"cannot eat"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp3.02.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp3.03","source":"私は 日本に 居た 時には、 よくゴルフを やったものですが、 米国では あまり やりません。","translation":"I used to play golf often when I was in Japan, but I don't play very much in the United States.","reading":"わたくしはにほんにいたときには、よくゴルフをやったものですが、べいこくではあまりやりません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"居","gloss":"was","reading":"い"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"often"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"used to play"},{"text":"た","gloss":"used to play"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"used to"},{"text":"です","gloss":"was"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"やり","gloss":"do not play"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"do not play"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"do not play"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp3.03.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp3.04","source":"スミスさんは この 学校に 来た 時には、 よく 勉強した ものですが、 この頃は なまけています。","translation":"Mr. Smith used to study hard when he first came to this school, but these days he is slacking off.","reading":"スミスさんはこのがっこうにきたときには、よくべんきょうしたものですが、このごろはなまけています。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"came"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"hard"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"studied"},{"text":"た","gloss":"studied"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"used to"},{"text":"です","gloss":"was"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"この頃","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なまけ","gloss":"slacking off"},{"text":"て","gloss":"slacking off"},{"text":"い","gloss":"slacking off"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"slacking off"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp3.04.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L049.gp3.05","source":"あなたは 週まつには ずい分 あそんだものだと 聞きました。","translation":"I heard that you used to have a lot of fun on weekends.","reading":"あなたはしゅうまつにはずいぶんあそんだものだとききました。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"週","gloss":"weekend","reading":"しゅう"},{"text":"まつ","gloss":"weekend"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"a lot"},{"text":"あそん","gloss":"had fun"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"had fun"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"used to"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"聞き","gloss":"heard","reading":"きき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"heard"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"heard"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.gp3.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"ずい分","gloss":"very much"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Making probable statements · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Probability after different words","paragraphs":["*今晩 雪が 降るだろう* means \"It probably will snow tonight.\" Here *だろう* follows a verb.","In *あれは 鉄橋 だろう*, \"That probably is a steel bridge,\" the same ending follows a noun.","The lines also place *だろう* after *さむい* and *むり* to make probable descriptions."]}],"lines":[{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt1.01","source":"あの人は 日本語を 話すだろうか。","translation":"Do you suppose he'll speak Japanese?","reading":"あのひとはにほんごをはなすだろうか。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"話す","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなす"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt1.02","source":"今晩 雪が 降るだろう。↓","translation":"It probably will snow tonight.","reading":"こんばんゆきがふるだろう。↓","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"雪","gloss":"snow","reading":"ゆき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"snow","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"だろう。↓","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt1.03","source":"十月には さむいだろう。↓","translation":"It probably is cold in October.","reading":"じゅうがつにはさむいだろう。↓","words":[{"text":"十","gloss":"October","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"月","gloss":"October","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"だろう。↓","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt1.04","source":"あれは 鉄橋 だろう。↓","translation":"That probably is a steel bridge.","reading":"あれはてっきょうだろう。↓","words":[{"text":"あれ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"鉄橋","gloss":"steel bridge","reading":"てっきょう"},{"text":"だろう。↓","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt1.05","source":"これは 子供には 少し むりだろう。↓","translation":"This probably is a little difficult for children.","reading":"これはこどもにはすこしむりだろう。↓","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"むり","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"だろう。↓","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt1.06","source":"だれでも 病気に なるだろう。 (と 思います)","translation":"I think anyone would get sick.","reading":"だれでもびょうきになるだろう。(とおもいます)","words":[{"text":"だれ","gloss":"anyone"},{"text":"で","gloss":"anyone"},{"text":"も","gloss":"anyone"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"sick","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"(と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"I think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます)","gloss":"I think"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt1.07","source":"この川は あさい だろう。 (と 思います)","translation":"I think this river is probably shallow.","reading":"このかわはあさいだろう。(とおもいます)","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"川","gloss":"river","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あさい","gloss":"shallow"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"(と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"I think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます)","gloss":"I think"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt1.08","source":"これは 先生の 本だろう。 (と 思います)","translation":"I think this is probably the teacher's book.","reading":"これはせんせいのほんだろう。(とおもいます)","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"(と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"I think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます)","gloss":"I think"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt1.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"雪","gloss":"snow"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"鉄橋","gloss":"steel bridge, railroad bridge"},{"word":"(と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます)","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"川","gloss":"river"},{"word":"あさい","gloss":"shallow"},{"word":"本","gloss":"numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking and answering guesses · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A question and a probable answer","paragraphs":["*川口に あるのは 何の 工場だろうか* means \"What kind of factory is the one in Kawaguchi?\" The ending *だろうか* asks for a judgment.","*かんづめ 工場だろうと 思う* means \"I think it is probably a cannery.\" The probable statement comes before *と 思う*."]}],"lines":[{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt1.09","source":"山田さんは ゴルフが 上手だろう。 (と 思います)","translation":"I think Mr. Yamada is probably good at golf.","reading":"やまださんはゴルフがじょうずだろう。(とおもいます)","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"が","gloss":"at"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"skilled","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"(と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"I think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます)","gloss":"I think"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt1.10","source":"この 映画は おもしろくない だろう。 (と 思います)","translation":"I don't think this movie will be interesting.","reading":"このえいがはおもしろくないだろう。(とおもいます)","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おもしろく","gloss":"interesting"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"(と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"I think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます)","gloss":"I think"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt1.11","source":"川口に あるのは 何の 工場だろうか。","translation":"What kind of factory is the one in Kawaguchi?","reading":"かわぐちにあるのはなんのこうじょうだろうか。","words":[{"text":"川口","gloss":"Kawaguchi","reading":"かわぐち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what kind","reading":"なん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"工場","gloss":"factory","reading":"こうじょう"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"could be"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt1.12","source":"かんづめ 工場だろうと 思う。","translation":"I think it is probably a cannery.","reading":"かんづめこうじょうだろうとおもう。","words":[{"text":"かんづめ","gloss":"canned goods"},{"text":"工場","gloss":"factory","reading":"こうじょう"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思う。","gloss":"think","reading":"おもう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt1.13","source":"そのとなりのは 何だろうか。","translation":"What is the one next to it?","reading":"そのとなりのはなんだろうか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"となり","gloss":"next to"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"could be"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt1.14","source":"あれは せいざい 所だろう。","translation":"That is probably a sawmill.","reading":"あれはせいざいじょだろう。","words":[{"text":"あれ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"せい","gloss":"sawmill"},{"text":"ざい","gloss":"sawmill"},{"text":"所","gloss":"sawmill","reading":"じょ"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt1.15","source":"今 りはつ屋は いそがしいだろうか。","translation":"Is the barbershop busy now?","reading":"いまりはつやはいそがしいだろうか。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"り","gloss":"barbershop"},{"text":"はつ","gloss":"barbershop"},{"text":"屋","gloss":"barbershop","reading":"や"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt1.15.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt1.16","source":"今は いそがしくないだろう。","translation":"It probably isn't busy now.","reading":"いまはいそがしくないだろう。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いそがしく","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt1.16.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"上手","gloss":"skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"映画","gloss":"movie"},{"word":"川口","gloss":"river mouth"},{"word":"工場","gloss":"factory"},{"word":"かんづめ","gloss":"canned goods"},{"word":"思う。","gloss":"to think"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"People, events and descriptions · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Statements before conjecture","paragraphs":["*だれでも 心配します* means \"Everyone worries.\" Its verb can form the basis of a probable judgment.","*あの 映画は おもしろい* means \"That movie is interesting.\" The I-adjective can likewise form the basis of a conjecture.","The other lines supply negative verbs, nouns, and NA-adjectives for the same pattern."]}],"lines":[{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt1.17","source":"だれでも 心配します。","translation":"Everyone worries.","reading":"だれでもしんぱいします。","words":[{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"で","gloss":"even"},{"text":"も","gloss":"everyone"},{"text":"心配","gloss":"worry","reading":"しんぱい"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt1.17.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt1.18","source":"九時に 行くと おそいです。","translation":"It is late if you go at nine.","reading":"くじにいくとおそいです。","words":[{"text":"九","gloss":"nine o'clock","reading":"く"},{"text":"時","gloss":"nine o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"おそい","gloss":"late"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt1.19","source":"田中さんは 来ません。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka isn't coming.","reading":"たなかさんはきません。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt1.20","source":"あの 映画は おもしろい。","translation":"That movie is interesting.","reading":"あのえいがはおもしろい。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おもしろい。","gloss":"interesting"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt1.20.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt1.21","source":"あの 役者は 有名では ありません。","translation":"That actor is not famous.","reading":"あのやくしゃはゆうめいではありません。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"役者","gloss":"actor","reading":"やくしゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt1.21.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt1.22","source":"あの方は けんこうです。","translation":"That person is healthy.","reading":"あのかたはけんこうです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"けんこう","gloss":"healthy"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt1.22.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"九","gloss":"nine"},{"word":"おそい","gloss":"be late"},{"word":"おもしろい。","gloss":"interesting, to be fun"},{"word":"役者","gloss":"actor, player"},{"word":"けんこう","gloss":"health"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying what cannot be done · Pattern 2 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Can and cannot","paragraphs":["*私は 行かれますが、 田中さんは 行かれません* means \"I can go, but Mr. Tanaka can't go.\"","*行かれます* states ability. Its negative form *行かれません* states that the action cannot be performed.","In *こんな きたない 家には 住まれません*, context gives the same potential meaning: \"I can't live in a dirty house like this.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt2.m1","source":"私は 行かれますが、 田中さんは 行かれません。","translation":"I can go, but Mr. Tanaka can't go.","reading":"わたくしはいかれますが、たなかさんはいかれません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt2.01","source":"夜でも むしあつくて、 ねられません。","translation":"It is hot and humid even at night, so I can't sleep.","reading":"よるでもむしあつくて、ねられません。","words":[{"text":"夜","gloss":"night","reading":"よる"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"むしあつく","gloss":"hot and humid"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and so"},{"text":"ね","gloss":"sleep"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt2.02","source":"私は この しつもんに 答えられません。","translation":"I can't answer this question.","reading":"わたくしはこのしつもんにこたえられません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"しつもん","gloss":"question"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"答え","gloss":"answer","reading":"こたえ"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt2.03","source":"五時までには 帰られると 思います。","translation":"I think I can get home by five.","reading":"ごじまでにはかえられるとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"五","gloss":"five o'clock","reading":"ご"},{"text":"時","gloss":"five o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"by"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"帰ら","gloss":"get home","reading":"かえら"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"can"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt2.04","source":"こんな きたない 家には 住まれません。","translation":"I can't live in a dirty house like this.","reading":"こんなきたないいえにはすまれません。","words":[{"text":"こんな","gloss":"like this"},{"text":"きたない","gloss":"dirty"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"住ま","gloss":"live","reading":"すま"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt2.05","source":"そんなに 何日も あそばれません。","translation":"I can't take that many days off.","reading":"そんなになんにちもあそばれません。","words":[{"text":"そんな","gloss":"that"},{"text":"に","gloss":"many"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days","reading":"にち"},{"text":"も","gloss":"as many as"},{"text":"あそば","gloss":"take time off"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt2.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"れる","gloss":"to be able to --\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking about abilities · Pattern 2 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Ask about ability","paragraphs":["*一日に 新しい 言葉を 四十ぐらい おぼえられますか* means \"Can you learn about forty new words a day?\" The potential form with *か* asks about ability.","*あなたは はしを 使って 食べられますか* asks whether someone can eat using chopsticks. An answer uses an affirmative or negative ability form."]}],"lines":[{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt2.06","source":"一日に 新しい 言葉を 四十ぐらい おぼえられますか。","translation":"Can you learn about forty new words a day?","reading":"いちにちにあたらしいことばをよんじゅうぐらいおぼえられますか。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"one day","reading":"いち"},{"text":"日","gloss":"one day","reading":"にち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"言葉","gloss":"word","reading":"ことば"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"四十","gloss":"forty","reading":"よんじゅう"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"おぼえ","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt2.07","source":"そんなに 沢山 おぼえられませんね。","translation":"You can't learn that many, can you?","reading":"そんなにたくさんおぼえられませんね。","words":[{"text":"そんな","gloss":"that"},{"text":"に","gloss":"many"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"おぼえ","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt2.07.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt2.08","source":"あなたは はしを 使って 食べられますか。","translation":"Can you eat using chopsticks?","reading":"あなたははしをつかってたべられますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"はし","gloss":"chopsticks"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"使っ","gloss":"using","reading":"つかっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"using"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt2.09","source":"いいえ、 私は はしを 使って 食べる 事は 出来ません。","translation":"No, I can't eat using chopsticks.","reading":"いいえ、わたくしははしをつかってたべることはできません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"はし","gloss":"chopsticks"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"使っ","gloss":"using","reading":"つかっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"using"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act of","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt2.10","source":"まだ 切手を あつめていますか。","translation":"Are you still collecting stamps?","reading":"まだきってをあつめていますか。","words":[{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"切手","gloss":"stamps","reading":"きって"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あつめ","gloss":"collecting"},{"text":"て","gloss":"collecting"},{"text":"い","gloss":"collecting"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"collecting"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt2.11","source":"この頃は いそがしいから、 あつめられません。","translation":"I'm busy these days, so I can't collect them.","reading":"このごろはいそがしいから、あつめられません。","words":[{"text":"この頃","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"あつめ","gloss":"collect"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt2.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"四十","gloss":"40"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"},{"word":"切手","gloss":"postage stamp"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Past habits in youth · Pattern 3 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Repeated actions in the past","paragraphs":["*私は 子供の 時には 毎日 ここで あそんだものです* means \"I used to play here every day when I was a child.\"","Time expressions such as *毎日* and *よく* support the former-habit meaning of the past verb with *ものです*.","*もんです* is the shorter form in *私は 子供の 時には よく 病気を したもんです*."]}],"lines":[{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt3.m1","source":"私は 子供の 時には 毎日 ここで あそんだものです。","translation":"I used to play here every day when I was a child.","reading":"わたくしはこどものときにはまいにちここであそんだものです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"あそん","gloss":"play"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"used to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt3.m1.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt3.01","source":"私は 夏には 毎日 およいだものです。","translation":"I used to swim every day in the summer.","reading":"わたくしはなつにはまいにちおよいだものです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"およい","gloss":"swim"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"used to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt3.01.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt3.02","source":"私は 子供の 時には よく 病気を したもんです。","translation":"I used to get sick often when I was a child.","reading":"わたくしはこどものときにはよくびょうきをしたもんです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"often"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"sick","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"get"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もん","gloss":"used to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt3.02.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt3.03","source":"私は 若い 時には よく 食べたものです。","translation":"I used to eat a lot when I was young.","reading":"わたくしはわかいときにはよくたべたものです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"若い","gloss":"young","reading":"わかい"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"a lot"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"used to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt3.03.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt3.04","source":"ミネソタしゅうに 居た 時には よくつりに 行ったものです。","translation":"I used to go fishing often when I lived in Minnesota.","reading":"ミネソタしゅうにいたときにはよくつりにいったものです。","words":[{"text":"ミネソタ","gloss":"Minnesota"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"state"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"居","gloss":"live","reading":"い"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"often"},{"text":"つり","gloss":"fishing"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"used to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt3.04.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt3.05","source":"私は 若い 時には よく あそんだものです。","translation":"I used to have a lot of fun when I was young.","reading":"わたくしはわかいときにはよくあそんだものです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"若い","gloss":"young","reading":"わかい"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"a lot"},{"text":"あそん","gloss":"have fun"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"used to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt3.05.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt3.06","source":"田中さんは 若い 時には よく 働いたものです。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka used to work hard when he was young.","reading":"たなかさんはわかいときにはよくはたらいたものです。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"若い","gloss":"young","reading":"わかい"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"hard"},{"text":"働い","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらい"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"used to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt3.06.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt3.07","source":"あなたは あんまり 食べないんですね。","translation":"You don't eat very much, do you?","reading":"あなたはあんまりたべないんですね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あんまり","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"you see"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt3.07.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt3.08","source":"ええ、 若い 時には よく 食べたもんですがね。 この頃は あまり 食べられません。","translation":"No, I used to eat a lot when I was young, but these days I can't eat very much.","reading":"ええ、わかいときにはよくたべたもんですがね。このごろはあまりたべられません。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"that's right"},{"text":"若い","gloss":"young","reading":"わかい"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"a lot"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もん","gloss":"used to"},{"text":"です","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you know"},{"text":"この頃","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt3.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"夏","gloss":"summer"},{"word":"しゅう","gloss":"state"},{"word":"つり","gloss":"fishing"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Past habits versus today · Pattern 3 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Then and now","paragraphs":["*私は 日本に 居た 頃には よく 歩いたものですが、 この頃は 歩きません* contrasts frequent walking in Japan with not walking much now.","*田中さんは 若い 時には よく ビールを 飲んだ ものですが、 この頃 あんまり 飲めませんね* contrasts a former habit with present inability."]}],"lines":[{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt3.09","source":"この頃 あんまり 歩きませんね。","translation":"You don't walk very much these days, do you?","reading":"このごろあんまりあるきませんね。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"these days","reading":"ごろ"},{"text":"あんまり","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"歩き","gloss":"walk","reading":"あるき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt3.09.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt3.10","source":"ええ、 私は 日本に 居た 頃には よく 歩いたものですが、 この頃は 歩きません。","translation":"No, I used to walk a lot when I was in Japan, but these days I don't.","reading":"ええ、わたくしはにほんにいたころにはよくあるいたものですが、このごろはあるきません。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"that's right"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"居","gloss":"live","reading":"い"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"time","reading":"ころ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"a lot"},{"text":"歩い","gloss":"walk","reading":"あるい"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"used to"},{"text":"です","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"この頃","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"歩き","gloss":"walk","reading":"あるき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt3.10.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt3.11","source":"田中さんは 若い 時には よく ビールを 飲んだ ものですが、 この頃 あんまり 飲めませんね。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka used to drink a lot of beer when he was young, but these days he can't drink very much, can he?","reading":"たなかさんはわかいときにはよくビールをのんだものですが、このごろあんまりのめませんね。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"若い","gloss":"young","reading":"わかい"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"a lot"},{"text":"ビール","gloss":"beer"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"飲ん","gloss":"drink","reading":"のん"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"used to"},{"text":"です","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"この","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"these days","reading":"ごろ"},{"text":"あんまり","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"飲め","gloss":"can drink","reading":"のめ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt3.11.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt3.12","source":"ええ、 私も この頃 あんまり 飲めませんね。","translation":"No, I can't drink very much these days either.","reading":"ええ、わたくしもこのごろあんまりのめませんね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"that's right"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"この","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"these days","reading":"ごろ"},{"text":"あんまり","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"飲め","gloss":"can drink","reading":"のめ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt3.12.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt3.13","source":"私は 毎日 二マイル 走りました。","translation":"I ran two miles every day.","reading":"わたくしはまいにちにマイルはしりました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"マイル","gloss":"miles"},{"text":"走り","gloss":"run","reading":"はしり"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt3.13.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt3.14","source":"毎年 夏の 休みには 山に 行きました。","translation":"I went to the mountains every year during summer vacation.","reading":"まいねんなつのやすみにはやまにいきました。","words":[{"text":"毎年","gloss":"every year","reading":"まいねん"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"休み","gloss":"vacation","reading":"やすみ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"during"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"山","gloss":"mountains","reading":"やま"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt3.14.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt3.15","source":"ブラウンさんは 毎週 一度 すきやきを 食べました。","translation":"Mr. Brown ate sukiyaki once a week.","reading":"ブラウンさんはまいしゅういちどすきやきをたべました。","words":[{"text":"ブラウン","gloss":"Brown"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎週","gloss":"every week","reading":"まいしゅう"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"度","gloss":"time","reading":"ど"},{"text":"すきやき","gloss":"sukiyaki"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt3.15.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt3.16","source":"私は 子供の 時 きねん 切手を あつめました。","translation":"When I was a child, I collected commemorative stamps.","reading":"わたくしはこどものとききねんきってをあつめました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"きね","gloss":"commemorative"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"commemorative"},{"text":"切手","gloss":"stamps","reading":"きって"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あつめ","gloss":"collect"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt3.16.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L049.pt3.17","source":"私は 雨が 降っても 会社へ 歩いて 行きました。","translation":"Even when it rained, I walked to the office.","reading":"わたくしはあめがふってもかいしゃへあるいていきました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降っ","gloss":"rain","reading":"ふっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"even when"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even when"},{"text":"会社","gloss":"office","reading":"かいしゃ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"歩い","gloss":"walk","reading":"あるい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.pt3.17.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ビール","gloss":"beer"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"マイル","gloss":"mile"},{"word":"毎年","gloss":"every year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"山","gloss":"mountain"},{"word":"すきやき","gloss":"SUKIYAKI"},{"word":"会社","gloss":"company, firm"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Preparing for a graduation trip · Reading Selection 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Speaking without the teacher","paragraphs":["The students will visit Japanese shops and companies in San Francisco. They expect speaking without their teacher to be difficult.","*自分たちだけで 日本人と 話すのは むずかしいだろうと 思います* predicts difficulty speaking with Japanese people without help.","The *だろう* after *むずかしい* marks this as a probable judgment."]},{"title":"Two possible results","paragraphs":["*私たちが 上手に 話せたら、 先生も うれしいだろうと 思います* predicts that successful speech will make the teacher happy.","The passage contrasts this outcome with speaking Japanese full of mistakes. Potential *話せたら* supplies the successful condition, and *だろう* marks the predicted result."]},{"title":"Kanji: 受","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L049.rd.001","source":"月日の たつのは 早いもので、 私たちが この 学校に 来てから、 もう 一年 近くに なります。","translation":"Time passes quickly, and it has been almost a year since we came to this school.","reading":"つきひのたつのははやいもので、わたくしたちがこのがっこうにきてから、もういちねんちかくになります。","words":[{"text":"月日","gloss":"time","reading":"つきひ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"たつ","gloss":"passing"},{"text":"の","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"早い","gloss":"quick","reading":"はやい"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"a fact"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"plural"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"since"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one year","reading":"いち"},{"text":"年","gloss":"one year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"近く","gloss":"almost","reading":"ちかく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L049.rd.002","source":"後 一か月で 一年の 課程も 終ります。","translation":"In one more month, the year's course will be over.","reading":"あといっかげつでいちねんのかていもおわります。","words":[{"text":"後","gloss":"more"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one"},{"text":"か月","gloss":"month"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one year","reading":"いち"},{"text":"年","gloss":"one year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"課程","gloss":"course","reading":"かてい"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"終り","gloss":"end","reading":"おわり"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L049.rd.003","source":"そつぎょうする 前に 生徒たちは サンフランシスコへ りょ行して、 そこで 日本人の 店や 会社に 行って 日本語で 話すのです。","translation":"Before graduating, the students will travel to San Francisco, where they will visit Japanese shops and companies and speak in Japanese.","reading":"そつぎょうするまえにせいとたちはサンフランシスコへりょこうして、そこでにほんじんのみせやかいしゃにいってにほんごではなすのです。","words":[{"text":"そつぎょう","gloss":"graduate"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"前","gloss":"before","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"plural"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"り","gloss":"travel"},{"text":"ょ","gloss":"travel"},{"text":"行","gloss":"travel","reading":"こう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"店","gloss":"shops","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"会社","gloss":"companies","reading":"かいしゃ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"話す","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなす"},{"text":"の","gloss":"that"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L049.rd.004","source":"学校では 先生が 「ああ 言ったらよい」 こう 言ったらよいと 教えてくださいますから、 心配は いりませんが、 自分たちだけで 日本人と 話すのは むずかしいだろうと 思います。","translation":"At school, the teacher kindly tells us what to say in this situation or that, so there is no need to worry, but I think it will be difficult to speak with Japanese people on our own.","reading":"がっこうではせんせいが「ああいったらよい」こういったらよいとおしえてくださいますから、しんぱいはいりませんが、じぶんたちだけでにほんじんとはなすのはむずかしいだろうとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"「ああ","gloss":"like that"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"if"},{"text":"よい」","gloss":"good"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"like this"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"if"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"教え","gloss":"tell","reading":"おしえ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ください","gloss":"kindly"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"心配","gloss":"worry","reading":"しんぱい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いり","gloss":"need"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"self","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"plural"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"話す","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなす"},{"text":"の","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L049.rd.005","source":"少々 心配ですが、 一しょに 行く 受持の 先生が おそらく もっと くろうする","translation":"I am a little worried, but the teacher in charge who is going with us will probably have even more trouble.","reading":"しょうしょうしんぱいですが、いっしょにいくうけもちのせんせいがおそらくもっとくろうする","words":[{"text":"少々","gloss":"a little","reading":"しょうしょう"},{"text":"心配","gloss":"worried","reading":"しんぱい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"一しょ","gloss":"together","reading":"いっしょ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"受持","gloss":"in charge","reading":"うけもち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"おそらく","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"もっと","gloss":"more"},{"text":"くろう","gloss":"trouble"},{"text":"する","gloss":"have"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L049.rd.006","source":"事だろうと 思います。","translation":"I think that will be the case.","reading":"ことだろうとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"事","gloss":"case","reading":"こと"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L049.rd.007","source":"私たちが 間ちがいだらけの 日本語で 話したら、 先生も こまるでしょう。","translation":"If we speak Japanese full of mistakes, the teacher will probably be in a difficult position too.","reading":"わたくしたちがまちがいだらけのにほんごではなしたら、せんせいもこまるでしょう。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"plural"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"間ちがい","gloss":"mistakes","reading":"まちがい"},{"text":"だらけ","gloss":"full of"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"たら、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"こまる","gloss":"be troubled"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L049.rd.008","source":"私たちが 上手に 話せたら、 先生も うれしいだろうと 思います。","translation":"If we can speak well, I think the teacher will be happy too.","reading":"わたくしたちがじょうずにはなせたら、せんせいもうれしいだろうとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"plural"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"well","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"話せ","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなせ"},{"text":"たら、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"うれしい","gloss":"happy"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.rd.008.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"近く","gloss":"vicinity"},{"word":"前","gloss":"before, front"},{"word":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"word":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"word":"店","gloss":"store, shop"},{"word":"よい」","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ください","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"だけ","gloss":"only, just (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"word":"もっと","gloss":"more (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"間ちがい","gloss":"mistake, error"},{"word":"だらけ","gloss":"full of, covered with (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"こまる","gloss":"to be troubled"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Studying during the class trip · Reading Selection 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Students who cannot travel","paragraphs":["*その日 サンフランシスコに 行かれない 生徒は、 学校に のこって 勉強しなければなりません* means students unable to go must remain at school and study.","Potential *行かれない* identifies the students who cannot travel. They will review without their teacher."]},{"title":"Former trips and this visit","paragraphs":["The speaker lived in Sacramento about ten years earlier. *サンフランシスコへは 時々 行ったものです* means \"I used to go to San Francisco from time to time.\"","The former-habit form contrasts those trips with a plan to buy a small dictionary on this visit."]}],"lines":[{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L049.rd.009","source":"その日 サンフランシスコに 行かれない 生徒は、 学校に のこって 勉強しなければなりません。","translation":"Students who cannot go to San Francisco that day must stay at school and study.","reading":"そのひさんふらんしすこにいかれないせいとは、がっこうにのこってべんきょうしなければなりません。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"のこっ","gloss":"stay"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"must"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L049.rd.010","source":"学校には その日 受持の 先生は 居ませんから、 行かれない 生徒は 自習です。","translation":"Since the teacher in charge will not be at school that day, the students who cannot go will study on their own.","reading":"がっこうにはそのひうけもちのせんせいはいませんから、いかれないせいとはじしゅうです。","words":[{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"受持","gloss":"in charge","reading":"うけもち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"居","gloss":"be there","reading":"い"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"自習","gloss":"self-study","reading":"じしゅう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L049.rd.011","source":"日じょうの もんどうばかり やっている 生徒には 静かに 復習するのも いいでしょう。","translation":"For students who do nothing but daily question-and-answer drills, it may be good to review quietly too.","reading":"にちじょうのもんどうばかりやっているせいとにはしずかにふくしゅうするのもいいでしょう。","words":[{"text":"日","gloss":"daily","reading":"にち"},{"text":"じょう","gloss":"daily"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"もんどう","gloss":"drills"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"keep doing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"keep doing"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"keep doing"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"静か","gloss":"quiet","reading":"しずか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"quietly"},{"text":"復習","gloss":"review","reading":"ふくしゅう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"that"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L049.rd.012","source":"そう言う 事も たまには いい 事だと 思います。","translation":"I think that sort of thing is good once in a while too.","reading":"そういうこともたまにはいいことだとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that sort"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"of","reading":"いう"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"たまに","gloss":"occasionally"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.rd.012.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L049.rd.013","source":"私は 十年ほど 前には サクラメント市に 住んでいたので、","translation":"I lived in the city of Sacramento about ten years ago.","reading":"わたくしはじゅうねんほどまえにはサクラメントしにすんでいたので、","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"十","gloss":"ten years","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"年","gloss":"ten years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"about"},{"text":"前","gloss":"ago","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"サクラメント","gloss":"Sacramento"},{"text":"市","gloss":"city","reading":"し"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"住ん","gloss":"lived","reading":"すん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"lived"},{"text":"い","gloss":"lived"},{"text":"た","gloss":"lived"},{"text":"の","gloss":"since"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"since"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.rd.013.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L049.rd.014","source":"サンフランシスコへは 時々 行ったものです。","translation":"I used to go to San Francisco from time to time.","reading":"サンフランシスコへはときどきいったものです。","words":[{"text":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"used to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.rd.014.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L049.rd.015","source":"しかし、 日本語は 知らなかったのですから、 日本人町には 行った 事は ありませんでした。","translation":"However, since I did not know Japanese, I had never been to Japantown.","reading":"しかし、にほんごはしらなかったのですから、にほんじんまちにはいったことはありませんでした。","words":[{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"知ら","gloss":"know","reading":"しら"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japantown"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japantown"},{"text":"町","gloss":"Japantown"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"事","gloss":"experience","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.rd.015.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L049.rd.016","source":"今度 行ったら 日本の 本屋で 小さい 字びきを 買って 来たいと 思っています。","translation":"When I go this time, I would like to buy a small dictionary at a Japanese bookstore and bring it back.","reading":"こんどいったらにほんのほんやでちいさいじびきをかってきたいとおもっています。","words":[{"text":"今度","gloss":"this time","reading":"こんど"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"when"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"本屋","gloss":"bookstore","reading":"ほんや"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"小さい","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさい"},{"text":"字","gloss":"dictionary","reading":"じ"},{"text":"びき","gloss":"dictionary"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"bring back","reading":"き"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"am thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am thinking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.rd.016.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は、","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"もんどう","gloss":"question and answer, dialogue"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"たまに","gloss":"rarely, once in a while"},{"word":"しかし、","gloss":"however, but"},{"word":"町","gloss":"town"},{"word":"本屋","gloss":"bookshop"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Study, time and thought words · Word list 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Study, time, and speech","paragraphs":["These words cover study, passing time, speech, thought, and travel. *課程* means \"course of study.\"","*月日* means \"time, months and days,\" and *話せる* means \"to be able to speak.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.001","source":"課程","translation":"course of study","reading":"かてい","words":[{"text":"課程","gloss":"course of study","reading":"かてい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.001.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.002","source":"月日","translation":"time, months and days","reading":"つきひ","words":[{"text":"月日","gloss":"time","reading":"つきひ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.002.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.003","source":"一言","translation":"one word","reading":"ひとこと","words":[{"text":"一言","gloss":"one word","reading":"ひとこと"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.003.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.004","source":"日じょう","translation":"daily, everyday","reading":"にちじょう","words":[{"text":"日じょう","gloss":"daily","reading":"にちじょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.004.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.005","source":"頭","translation":"head, mind","reading":"あたま","words":[{"text":"頭","gloss":"head or mind","reading":"あたま"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.005.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.006","source":"じょうだん","translation":"joke, jest","reading":"じょうだん","words":[{"text":"じょうだん","gloss":"joke"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.006.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.007","source":"とこ","translation":"bed","reading":"とこ","words":[{"text":"とこ","gloss":"bed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.007.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.008","source":"かず","translation":"number","reading":"かず","words":[{"text":"かず","gloss":"number"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.008.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.009","source":"たつ","translation":"to pass (time), elapse","reading":"たつ","words":[{"text":"たつ","gloss":"time passes"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.009.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.010","source":"話せる","translation":"to be able to speak","reading":"はなせる","words":[{"text":"話せる","gloss":"can speak","reading":"はなせる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.010.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.011","source":"おどろく","translation":"to be surprised","reading":"おどろく","words":[{"text":"おどろく","gloss":"be surprised"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.011.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.012","source":"りょ行(する)","translation":"trip (to travel)","reading":"りょこう(する)","words":[{"text":"りょ行(する)","gloss":"trip or travel","reading":"りょこう(する)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"日じょう","gloss":"daily, everyday"},{"word":"りょ行(する)","gloss":"trip (to travel)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Worry, hardship and likelihood words · Word list 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Worry and approaching events","paragraphs":["These words describe worry, hardship, approaching events, likelihood, and passing time. *心配* means \"worry.\"","*近づく* means \"to approach, draw near,\" and *おそらく* means \"perhaps, probably.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.013","source":"心配(する)","translation":"worry (to worry)","reading":"しんぱい(する)","words":[{"text":"心配(する)","gloss":"worry","reading":"しんぱい(する)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.013.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.014","source":"近づく","translation":"to approach, draw near","reading":"ちかづく","words":[{"text":"近づく","gloss":"approach","reading":"ちかづく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.014.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.015","source":"くろう(する)","translation":"hardship, suffering\n(to suffer, toil)","reading":"くろう(する)","words":[{"text":"くろう(する)","gloss":"hardship or suffering"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.015.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.016","source":"出られる","translation":"to be able to graduate","reading":"でられる","words":[{"text":"出られる","gloss":"can graduate","reading":"でられる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.016.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.017","source":"うれしい","translation":"joyful, glad, happy","reading":"うれしい","words":[{"text":"うれしい","gloss":"happy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.017.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.018","source":"おそい","translation":"be late","reading":"おそい","words":[{"text":"おそい","gloss":"be late"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.018.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.019","source":"受持の","translation":"in charge","reading":"うけもちの","words":[{"text":"受持の","gloss":"in charge","reading":"うけもちの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.019.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.020","source":"まったく","translation":"truly, entirely","reading":"まったく","words":[{"text":"まったく","gloss":"entirely"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.020.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.021","source":"おそらく","translation":"perhaps, probably","reading":"おそらく","words":[{"text":"おそらく","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.021.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.022","source":"少々","translation":"a little","reading":"しょうしょう","words":[{"text":"少々","gloss":"a little","reading":"しょうしょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.022.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.023","source":"早いものです","translation":"indeed early,\ntime flies fast\n(See Grammar Notes)","reading":"はやいものです","words":[{"text":"早いものです","gloss":"time flies fast","reading":"はやいものです"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.023.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.024","source":"月日がたつ","translation":"time passes","reading":"つきひがたつ","words":[{"text":"月日がたつ","gloss":"time passes","reading":"つきひがたつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"心配(する)","gloss":"worry (to worry)"},{"word":"近づく","gloss":"to approach, draw near"},{"word":"くろう(する)","gloss":"hardship, suffering\n(to suffer, toil)"},{"word":"出られる","gloss":"to be able to graduate"},{"word":"受持の","gloss":"in charge"},{"word":"早いものです","gloss":"indeed early,\ntime flies fast\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"月日がたつ","gloss":"time passes"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Ability, probability and emphasis expressions · Word list 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Ability, probability, and past habits","paragraphs":["These expressions state ability, probability, emphasis, and former habits.","*あの方は 多分 日本へ 行かれるでしょう* means \"He can probably go to Japan.\"","*こそ* means \"indeed, certainly,\" and *たものです* means \"I used to.\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 特","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 別","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.025","source":"おどろくほど","translation":"surprisingly","reading":"おどろくほど","words":[{"text":"おどろくほど","gloss":"surprisingly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.025.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.026","source":"おたがいさまです","translation":"the feeling is mutual","reading":"おたがいさまです","words":[{"text":"おたがいさまです","gloss":"the feeling is mutual"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.026.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.027","source":"--だろう","translation":"probably --\n(See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--だろう","words":[{"text":"--だろう","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.027.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.028","source":"頭が悪い","translation":"to have a dull mind,\nto have no brains","reading":"あたまがわるい","words":[{"text":"頭が悪い","gloss":"have a dull mind","reading":"あたまがわるい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.028.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.029","source":"--について","translation":"concerning ---","reading":"--について","words":[{"text":"--について","gloss":"concerning"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.029.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.030","source":"れる","translation":"to be able to --\n(See Grammar Notes)","reading":"れる","words":[{"text":"れる","gloss":"be able to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.030.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.031","source":"ごじょうだんでしょう","translation":"You must be joking,\nYou must be kidding","reading":"ごじょうだんでしょう","words":[{"text":"ごじょうだんでしょう","gloss":"you must be joking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.031.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.032","source":"こそ","translation":"indeed, certainly\n(See Grammar Notes)","reading":"こそ","words":[{"text":"こそ","gloss":"indeed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.032.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.033","source":"--たものです","translation":"I used to ---\n(See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--たものです","words":[{"text":"--たものです","gloss":"used to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.033.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.034","source":"あの方は 多分 日本へ 行かれるでしょう。","translation":"He can probably go to Japan.","reading":"あのかたはたぶんにほんへいかれるでしょう。","words":[{"text":"あの方は多分日本へ行かれるでしょう。","gloss":"probably can go Japan","reading":"あのかたはたぶんにほんへいかれるでしょう。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.034.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.035","source":"先生の しつもんに 答えられません。","translation":"I cannot answer the teacher's questions.","reading":"せんせいのしつもんにこたえられません。","words":[{"text":"先生のしつもんに答えられません。","gloss":"cannot answer teacher's questions","reading":"せんせいのしつもんにこたえられません。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.035.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L049.w.036","source":"昼休みの 時には 受持の 先生に 特別に 教えてもらって、 夜は おそくまで 勉強したもんですよ。","translation":"I used to get special instruction from my homeroom teacher during the noon recess and study until late at night.","reading":"ひるやすみのときにはうけもちのせんせいにとくべつにおしえてもらって、よるはおそくまでべんきょうしたもんですよ。","words":[{"text":"昼休みの時には受持の先生に特別に教えてもらって、夜はおそくまで勉強したもんですよ。","gloss":"studied late with teacher","reading":"ひるやすみのときにはうけもちのせんせいにとくべつにおしえてもらって、よるはおそくまでべんきょうしたもんですよ。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L049.w.036.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"おどろくほど","gloss":"surprisingly"},{"word":"おたがいさまです","gloss":"the feeling is mutual"},{"word":"--だろう","gloss":"probably --\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"頭が悪い","gloss":"to have a dull mind,\nto have no brains"},{"word":"--について","gloss":"concerning ---"},{"word":"ごじょうだんでしょう","gloss":"You must be joking,\nYou must be kidding"},{"word":"--たものです","gloss":"I used to ---\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"あの方は多分日本へ行かれるでしょう。","gloss":"\"He can probably go to Japan.\""},{"word":"先生のしつもんに答えられません。","gloss":"\"I cannot answer the teacher's questions.\""},{"word":"昼休みの時には受持の先生に特別に教えてもらって、夜はおそくまで勉強したもんですよ。","gloss":"\"I used to get special instruction from my homeroom teacher during the noon recess and study until late at night.\""}],"paradigms":[]}]}