{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L051","title":"Lesson 51","stage":"Kanji and everyday Japanese","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 51: landing at the airport · dialogue 1 of 3, meeting an old friend · dialogue 2 of 3, riding to official quarters · dialogue 3 of 3, inferring another person's state · perception drill, polite requests and helpful offers · perception drill, things impossible to avoid · perception drill, doing exactly as directed · perception drill, inferring feelings and conditions · pattern 1 1 of 2, explaining inferred conditions · pattern 1 2 of 2, offering help politely · pattern 2 1 of 3, accepting and declining offers · pattern 2 2 of 3, verbs for polite exchanges · pattern 2 3 of 3, obligations and practical impossibility · pattern 3 1 of 2, limits on possible actions · pattern 3 2 of 2, acting as shown or told · pattern 4 1 of 2, copying writing and pronunciation · pattern 4 2 of 2, an embassy family arrives · reading selection 1 of 2, troublesome children and family talk · reading selection 2 of 2, arrival and embassy duties · questions 1 of 2, children and official quarters · questions 2 of 2, family.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/51","lines":174},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/50","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/52","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Landing at the airport · Dialogue 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Arrival at Haneda","paragraphs":["Two travelers see Haneda Airport from the air and prepare to land. One says, *降りる したくは 出来たかね*, \"Are you ready to get off?\"","The reply is *はい、 出来ました*, \"Yes, I am ready.\" Their forms reflect the speakers' relationship."]},{"title":"Four levels of politeness","paragraphs":["In *降りる したくは 出来たかね*, the speaker uses non-polite language with a close associate.","Japanese verbs have four levels of politeness: non-polite, polite, humble, and honorific.","Non-polite language serves close friends, classmates, younger people, and social inferiors. Polite language serves strangers, acquaintances, close associates, and even superiors.","Humble language describes the speaker's actions to a superior. Honorific language describes the actions or things of a person of higher standing."]},{"title":"Kanji: 夫","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: -A 辞","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L051.dlg.001","source":"はね田 とうちゃく","translation":"Arrival at Haneda","reading":"はねだとうちゃく","words":[{"text":"は","gloss":"Haneda"},{"text":"ね","gloss":"Haneda"},{"text":"田","gloss":"Haneda","reading":"だ"},{"text":"とう","gloss":"arrival"},{"text":"ちゃく","gloss":"arrival"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L051.dlg.002","source":"早いもんだね。 もう はね田空港に 着くよ。 空から 見る 日本の けしきは いいな。","translation":"It surely was fast, wasn't it? Already we are arriving at Haneda Airport. Looking from the sky, the scenery of Japan is beautiful, isn't it?","reading":"はやいもんだね。もうはねだくうこうにつくよ。そらからみるにほんのけしきはいいな。","words":[{"text":"早い","gloss":"fast","reading":"はやい"},{"text":"もん","gloss":"surely"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"wasn’t it?"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"はね","gloss":"Haneda"},{"text":"田","gloss":"Haneda","reading":"だ"},{"text":"空港","gloss":"airport","reading":"くうこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"着く","gloss":"are arriving","reading":"つく"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"空","gloss":"sky","reading":"そら"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"seen","reading":"みる"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"けしき","gloss":"scenery"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"beautiful"},{"text":"な。","gloss":"isn’t it?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L051.dlg.003","source":"ほんとに 美しいですね。 あ、 あすこに 空港が 見えます。","translation":"It certainly is (beautiful). Oh, I can see the airport over there.","reading":"ほんとにうつくしいですね。あ、あすこにくうこうがみえます。","words":[{"text":"ほんと","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"に","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"美しい","gloss":"beautiful","reading":"うつくしい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"あ、","gloss":"oh"},{"text":"あすこ","gloss":"over there"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"空港","gloss":"airport","reading":"くうこう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"見え","gloss":"can see","reading":"みえ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L051.dlg.004","source":"降りる したくは 出来たかね。","translation":"Are you ready to get off?","reading":"おりるしたくはできたかね。","words":[{"text":"降りる","gloss":"get off","reading":"おりる"},{"text":"したく","gloss":"preparations"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"ready","reading":"でき"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L051.dlg.005","source":"はい、 出来ました。","translation":"Yes, I am ready.","reading":"はい、できました。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"ready","reading":"でき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L051.dlg.006","source":"大ぜい 来ているね。","translation":"There are many people, aren't there?","reading":"おおぜいきているね。","words":[{"text":"大ぜい","gloss":"many people","reading":"おおぜい"},{"text":"来","gloss":"are here","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are here"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are here"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"aren’t there?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"O + { 2nd base of verbs / base form of I-adjectives / noun form of NA-adjectives } + DESHOO\n\nThe above sentence expresses the idea of 'one must be ---,' 'you are ---, are you not?'\n\nExamples:\n\nOTSUKARE DESHOO. \"You must be tired!\" or \"You are tired, are you not?\"\n\nOISOGASHII DESHOO. \"You must be busy!\" or \"You are busy, are you not?\"\n\nOJOOZU DESHOO. \"You must be good at it!\" or \"You are skillful at it!\""},{"section":2,"text":"O + 2nd base of verb + terminal verb\n\nO + 2nd base of verb + KUDASAI is an honorific equivalent for TE-form of verbs + KUDASAI, 'please do such-and-such.'\n\nExamples:\n\nOMACHI KUDASAI\n\nMATTE KUDASAI.\n\n\"Please wait.\"\n\nOYOMI KUDASAI.\n\nYONDE KUDASAI.\n\n\"Please read.\"\n\nOKAKE KUDASAI.\n\nKAKETE KUDASAI.\n\n\"Please sit down.\"\n\nO + 2nd base of verb + ITASHIMASU is a humble equivalent for the MASU-form of a verb and expresses the idea of \"I'll do such-and-such for you.\"\n\nExamples:\n\nTETSUDAIMASU.\n\nOTETSUDAI ITASHIMASU. \"I'll help you.\"\n\nMACHIMASU.\n\nOMACHI ITASHIMASU. \"I'll wait for you.\"\n\nMISEMASU.\n\nOMISE ITASHIMASU. \"I'll show it to you.\"\n\nSometimes SHIMASU is used in place of ITASHIMASU to make it less humble.\n\nExamples:\n\nOMISE SHIMASU. \"I'll show it to you.\"\n\nOMACHI SHIMASU. \"I'll wait for you.\""},{"section":3,"text":"GOZAIMASU\n\nGOZAIMASU is a polite word corresponding to ARIMASU. However, depending on whether DE precedes it or GA comes before it, the meanings differ.\n\nDE GOZAIMASU is the polite form of DE ARIMASU from which DESU is derived. SAYOO DE GOZAIMASU = SOO DESU. DE GOZAIMASU is not used after I-adjectives.\n\nWATAKUSHI WA OOKI DE GOZAIMASU = WATAKUSHI WA OOKI DESU. \"I am Ooki.\"\n\nGA (or WA or MO) GOZAIMASU is the polite form corresponding to GA (or WA or MO) ARIMASU.\n\nYOOJI GA GOZAIMASU = YOOJI GA ARIMASU. \"I have some business.\"\n\nNANI MO GOZAIMASEN = NANI MO ARIMASEN. \"There isn't anything.\""},{"section":4,"text":"ORIMASU; ITASHIMASU\n\nORIMASU and ITASHIMASU are the humble forms of IMASU and SHIMASU respectively.\n\nExamples:\n\nWATAKUSHI WA KONBAN UCHI NI ORIMASU. \"I'll be at home tonight.\"\n\nKANAI MO UCHI NI ORIMASU. \"My wife will also be at home tonight.\"\n\nWATAKUSHI GA SORE O ITASHIMASU. \"I'll do that.\"\n\nWATAKUSHI WA KONBAN BENKYOO ITASHIMASU. \"I'll study tonight.\""},{"section":5,"text":"--WAKE NI WA IKIMASEN.\n\nFollowing the basic form of verbs, WAKE NI WA IKIMASEN expresses the idea of 'can't very well do ---.'\n\nExamples:\n\nSORE O TABERU WAKE NIWA IKIMASEN. \"I cannot very well eat it.\"\n\nASOBU WAKE NIWA IKIMASEN. \"I can't very well fool around.\"\n\nSORE O MORAU WAKE NIWA IKIMASEN. \"I can't very well accept it.\"\n\nWAKE NIWA IKIMASEN also follows the negative suffix NAI and expresses the idea of 'can't help but do such-and-such' or 'can't very well not do such-and-such.'\n\nExamples:\n\nIKANAI WAKE NIWA IKIMASEN. \"I can't very well not go.\" or \"I can't help but go.\"\n\nSORE O TABENAI WAKE NIWA IKIMASEN. \"I can't very well not eat it.\" or \"I can't help but eat it.\""},{"section":6,"text":"Apposition NO\n\nWhen two nouns in apposition, that is, two nouns referring to one person such as \"Tanaka, the actor,\" or \"Kelly, the son,\" are to be expressed, the particle NO is placed between them:\n\n(Profession, rank, etc.) + NO + (Proper Name)\n\nHAIYUU NO TANAKA-SAN.\n\nGOREISOKU NO KERII-SAN.\n\nOther Examples:\n\nNIHONGO NO SENSEI NO OOKI-SAN. \"Mr. Ooki, the Japanese teacher\"\n\nGUNJIN NO SUMISU-SAN \"Mr. Smith, the soldier\"\n\nMUSUME NO HANAKO \"Hanako, the daughter\""},{"section":7,"text":"TOORI\n\nFollowing the basic form of both past and non-past verbs and the noun plus NO form, TOORI expresses the meaning of 'just as,' 'just like,' or 'as.'\n\nExamples:\n\nGORAN NO TOORI. \"Just as you see.\"\n\nITTA TOORI. \"Just as you have said.\"\n\nANATA GA SHITTE IRU TOORI. \"Just as you know.\"\n\nANATA GA IU TOORI DESU. \"It is just like you say.\""},{"section":8,"text":"Japanese verbs have four levels of politeness. They are non-polite, polite, humble, and honorific.\n\nHonorific forms and words are used when reference is to:\n\nActions or things of a third person of higher social standing than the speaker.\n\nActions or things of a person of higher social standing than the speaker. However, if one speaks of a third person impersonally or objectively, as in the\n\ncase of the actions of a cabinet minister, this may not apply. Characters in history are spoken of without the honorifics, unless they are related to the person addressed.\n\nMembers of the Imperial family or things related to it.\n\nHumble forms and words are used, when reference is to:\n\nThe actions or things of the first person in speaking to a superior.\n\nShopkeepers and tradesmen, workers, etc., in speaking to their customers.\n\nStudents in addressing their teachers.\n\nThe non-polite style is used among brothers, close friends, classmates, or when speaking to social inferiors such as tradesmen and workers, and to people who are much younger. However, the polite style is used as well here and often preferred.\n\nThe polite style is used by educated people in speaking to strangers, acquaintances, and close associates who may even be superiors."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"ね","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"田","gloss":"paddy field"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"空港","gloss":"airport"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"けしき","gloss":"scenery"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"あすこ","gloss":"over there"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"降りる","gloss":"to get off"},{"word":"したく","gloss":"preparation"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"大ぜい","gloss":"crowd (of people)"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Meeting an old friend · Dialogue 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"An old friend welcomes the travelers","paragraphs":["An old friend meets the travelers after their long journey. He says, *長い 旅行で、 さぞ おつかれでしょう*, \"It's been a long journey and you must be tired.\"","In *おつかれでしょう*, the host respectfully infers their condition. In *お出むかえくださいまして*, a respectful request form appears inside an elaborate thank-you."]},{"title":"A more polite word for being","paragraphs":["The greeting *おひさしぶりで 御ざいますね* uses *御ざいます* for a more polite statement.","After *で*, *御ざいます* forms a polite statement. After *が*, *は*, or *も*, it can mean \"there is.\"","It does not follow an I-adjective."]},{"title":"Kanji: 旅, 御","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L051.dlg.007","source":"あ、 あすこに 山田さんが 居ます。 私たちを むかえに 来ているのでしょう。","translation":"Oh, over there is Mr. Yamada. He probably is here to meet us.","reading":"あ、あすこにやまださんがいます。わたくしたちをむかえにきているのでしょう。","words":[{"text":"あ、","gloss":"oh"},{"text":"あすこ","gloss":"over there"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"居","gloss":"is","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"we"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"むかえ","gloss":"meet us"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"has come","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"has come"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"has come"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L051.dlg.008","source":"やあ、 山田さん、 おひさしぶりで 御ざいますね。 お元気ですか。","translation":"Oh, Mr. Yamada, it's been a long time, hasn't it? How are you?","reading":"やあ、やまださん、おひさしぶりでございますね。おげんきですか。","words":[{"text":"やあ、","gloss":"oh"},{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん、","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"お","gloss":"long time"},{"text":"ひさし","gloss":"long time"},{"text":"ぶり","gloss":"long time"},{"text":"で","gloss":"it has been"},{"text":"御","gloss":"it has been","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"it has been"},{"text":"い","gloss":"it has been"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"it has been"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"hasn’t it?"},{"text":"お","gloss":"well"},{"text":"元気","gloss":"well","reading":"げんき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L051.dlg.009","source":"ええ、 おかげさまで。 長い 旅行で、 さぞ おつかれでしょう。","translation":"Yes, thank you. It's been a long journey and you must (indeed) be tired.","reading":"ええ、おかげさまで。ながいりょこうで、さぞおつかれでしょう。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"おかげ","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"さま","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"で。","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"長い","gloss":"long","reading":"ながい"},{"text":"旅行","gloss":"journey","reading":"りょこう"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"さぞ","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"お","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"つかれ","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"must be"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L051.dlg.010","source":"いいえ、 とても たのしい 旅行で、 ちっとも つかれませんでした。","translation":"No, it was a pleasant trip and I didn't get tired at all.","reading":"いいえ、とてもたのしいりょこうで、ちっともつかれませんでした。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"たのしい","gloss":"pleasant"},{"text":"旅行","gloss":"trip","reading":"りょこう"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ちっとも","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"つかれ","gloss":"didn't get tired"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"didn't get tired"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"didn't get tired"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"didn't get tired"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"didn't get tired"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L051.dlg.011","source":"今日は おいそがしい ところを わざわざ お出むかえくださいまして、 ありがとう 御ざいます。","translation":"Thank you very much for going out of your way to come after us today, when you are so busy.","reading":"きょうはいそがしいところをわざわざおでむかえくださいまして、ありがとうございます。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"お","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"を","gloss":"though"},{"text":"わざわざ","gloss":"out of your way"},{"text":"お","gloss":"came to meet us"},{"text":"出むかえ","gloss":"came to meet us"},{"text":"ください","gloss":"came to meet us"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"came to meet us"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"came to meet us"},{"text":"ありがとう","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"御","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"い","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"thank you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L051.dlg.012","source":"いいえ、 どういたしまして。 さあ、 どうぞ こちらへ。","translation":"No trouble at all. This way, please.","reading":"いいえ、どういたしまして。さあ、どうぞこちらへ。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no trouble"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"you’re welcome"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"you’re welcome"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"you’re welcome"},{"text":"て。","gloss":"you’re welcome"},{"text":"さあ、","gloss":"well"},{"text":"どうぞ","gloss":"please"},{"text":"こちら","gloss":"this way"},{"text":"へ。","gloss":"toward"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"やあ、","gloss":"Oh!"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"とても","gloss":"very, indeed"},{"word":"ちっとも","gloss":"not even a little (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"word":"ところ","gloss":"place (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ください","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"さあ、","gloss":"well, now, here, come"},{"word":"こちら","gloss":"this, here (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"へ。","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Riding to official quarters · Dialogue 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Two nouns for one person","paragraphs":["The host asks about *御れいそくの ケニーさん*, \"your son, Kenny.\" Both nouns refer to Kenny.","When two nouns name one person, *の* stands between them. A profession, rank, or relation comes before the person's name.","The reply includes *つれて 来る わけには いきませんでした*, \"I couldn't very well bring him.\""]},{"title":"Humble words for being and doing","paragraphs":["The host says, *御案内 いたしましょう*, \"I'll take you.\" *ITASHIMASU* is the humble form of *SHIMASU*.","*ORIMASU* is the humble form of *IMASU*. These forms describe the speaker's actions when speaking to a superior.","The request *おのりください* respectfully asks the guest to get in."]},{"title":"Kanji: 案","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L051.dlg.013","source":"御れいそくの ケニーさんは 御一しょ では ないのですか。","translation":"Isn't your son, Kenny, with you?","reading":"ごれいそくのケニーさんはごいっしょではないのですか。","words":[{"text":"御","gloss":"your son","reading":"ご"},{"text":"れい","gloss":"your son"},{"text":"そ","gloss":"your son"},{"text":"く","gloss":"your son"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ケニー","gloss":"Kenny"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"polite title"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"御","gloss":"with you","reading":"ご"},{"text":"一しょ","gloss":"with you","reading":"いっしょ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L051.dlg.014","source":"大学に 行っておりますので、 つれて 来る わけには いきませんでした。","translation":"Since he is attending the university, I couldn't very well bring him.","reading":"だいがくにいっておりますので、つれてくるわけにはいきませんでした。","words":[{"text":"大学","gloss":"university","reading":"だいがく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"attending","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"attending"},{"text":"おり","gloss":"attending"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"attending"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"bring"},{"text":"て","gloss":"bring"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"bring","reading":"くる"},{"text":"わけ","gloss":"circumstances"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いき","gloss":"work"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"is, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L051.dlg.015","source":"そうですか。 これが 車です。 さあ、 どうぞ おのりください。","translation":"Is that right? This is the car. Please get in.","reading":"そうですか。これがくるまです。さあ、どうぞおのりください。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that way"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"くるま"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"さあ、","gloss":"well"},{"text":"どうぞ","gloss":"please"},{"text":"お","gloss":"get in"},{"text":"のり","gloss":"get in"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L051.dlg.016","source":"ありがとう 御ざいます。","translation":"Thank you.","reading":"ありがとうございます。","words":[{"text":"ありがとう","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"御","gloss":"thank you","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"い","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"thank you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L051.dlg.017","source":"これから かんしゃの 方へ 御案内 いたしましょう。","translation":"I'll take you to your official quarters, (from now).","reading":"これからかんしゃのほうへごあんないいたしましょう。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"now"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"かんしゃ","gloss":"official quarters"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"direction","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"御","gloss":"guide","reading":"ご"},{"text":"案内","gloss":"guide","reading":"あんない"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"will"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.dlg.017.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"車","gloss":"vehicle, car"},{"word":"ください。","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Inferring another person's state · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"A respectful inference","paragraphs":["*おつかれでしょう* means \"You must be tired.\" *お* comes before the verb form, and *でしょう* follows it.","This pattern politely infers another person's state. It can also seek confirmation, as in \"You are tired, are you not?\""]},{"title":"Verbs and adjectives in the same frame","paragraphs":["The same frame takes a verb stem, an I-adjective, or the noun form of a NA-adjective.","*お いそがしい でしょう* means \"You must be busy.\" *ゴルフが お好きでしょう* means \"You like golf, don't you?\""]}],"lines":[{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp1.01","source":"お つかれ でしょう。","translation":"You must be tired!","reading":"おつかれでしょう。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"つかれ","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp1.02","source":"お 上手 でしょう。","translation":"You must be good at it!","reading":"おじょうずでしょう。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"skilled"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"skilled","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp1.03","source":"お いそがしい でしょう。","translation":"You must be busy!","reading":"おいそがしいでしょう。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp1.04","source":"おつかれでしょう。","translation":"You must be tired.","reading":"おつかれでしょう。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"つかれ","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp1.05","source":"はい、 大へん つかれました。","translation":"Yes, I am very tired.","reading":"はい、たいへんつかれました。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"大へん","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"つかれ","gloss":"became tired"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp1.06","source":"お子さんは さぞ およろこびでしょう。","translation":"Your children must be very pleased.","reading":"おこさんはさぞおよろこびでしょう。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"children"},{"text":"子","gloss":"children","reading":"こ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"children"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さぞ","gloss":"surely"},{"text":"お","gloss":"pleased"},{"text":"よろこび","gloss":"pleased"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp1.07","source":"はい、 とても よろこんでいます。","translation":"Yes, they are very pleased.","reading":"はい、とてもよろこんでいます。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"よろこん","gloss":"are pleased"},{"text":"で","gloss":"are pleased"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are pleased"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"are pleased"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp1.08","source":"ゴルフが お好きでしょう。","translation":"You like golf, don’t you?","reading":"ゴルフがおすきでしょう。","words":[{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"お","gloss":"like"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp1.09","source":"ええ、 ゴルフが とても 好きです。","translation":"Yes, I like golf very much.","reading":"ええ、ゴルフがとてもすきです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp1.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"上手","gloss":"skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"大へん","gloss":"very"},{"word":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"word":"好き","gloss":"to like, be fond of (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Polite requests and helpful offers · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"A respectful request","paragraphs":["*少々 お待ちください* means \"Please wait a moment.\" The form places *お* before the verb stem and *ください* after it.","This is an honorific counterpart to a request with the TE-form and *ください*."]},{"title":"A humble response or offer","paragraphs":["The reply *お待ちいたします* means \"I will wait.\" With *いたします*, the same frame humbly describes the speaker's action.","*おさそい いたしますよ* means \"I will invite you.\" The form can present an action done for another person."]}],"lines":[{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp2.01","source":"お 食べ ください。","translation":"Please eat.","reading":"おたべください。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp2.01.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp2.02","source":"お 教え いたします。","translation":"I'll teach you.","reading":"おおしえいたします。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"teach"},{"text":"教え","gloss":"teach","reading":"おしえ"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp2.02.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp2.03","source":"少々 お待ちください。","translation":"Please wait a moment.","reading":"しょうしょうおまちください。","words":[{"text":"少々","gloss":"a moment","reading":"しょうしょう"},{"text":"お","gloss":"wait"},{"text":"待ち","gloss":"wait","reading":"まち"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp2.03.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp2.04","source":"はい、 お待ちいたします。","translation":"Yes, I will wait.","reading":"はい、おまちいたします。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"お","gloss":"wait"},{"text":"待ち","gloss":"wait","reading":"まち"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp2.04.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp2.05","source":"今度 いい 日本映画が 来たら、 さそってください。","translation":"Please invite me when another good Japanese movie comes.","reading":"こんどいいにほんえいががきたら、さそってください。","words":[{"text":"今度","gloss":"another","reading":"こんど"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese movie","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"Japanese movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"たら、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"さそっ","gloss":"invite"},{"text":"て","gloss":"invite"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp2.05.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp2.06","source":"ええ、 おさそい いたしますよ。","translation":"Yes, I will invite you.","reading":"ええ、おさそいいたしますよ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"お","gloss":"invite"},{"text":"さそい","gloss":"invite"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp2.06.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp2.07","source":"時間が 来たら よんでください。","translation":"Please call me when it is time.","reading":"じかんがきたらよんでください。","words":[{"text":"時間","gloss":"time","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"when"},{"text":"よん","gloss":"call"},{"text":"で","gloss":"call"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp2.07.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp2.08","source":"はい、 およびいたします。","translation":"Yes, I will call you.","reading":"はい、およびいたします。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"および","gloss":"call"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp2.08.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp2.09","source":"いい しゃしん (Pictures, photographs) を お見せ いたしましょうか。","translation":"Shall I show you some good photographs?","reading":"いいしゃしん(Pictures,photographs)をおみせいたしましょうか。","words":[{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"しゃしん","gloss":"photographs"},{"text":"(Pictures,","gloss":"pictures"},{"text":"photographs)","gloss":"pictures"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"お","gloss":"show"},{"text":"見せ","gloss":"show","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ましょう","gloss":"shall"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp2.09.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp2.10","source":"はい、 見せてください。","translation":"Yes, please show me.","reading":"はい、みせてください。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"見せ","gloss":"show","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"show"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp2.10.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"少々","gloss":"a little"},{"word":"今度","gloss":"this time, next time"},{"word":"映画","gloss":"movie"},{"word":"時間","gloss":"hour, time"},{"word":"ましょう","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Things impossible to avoid · Perception drill, Block 3","teaching":[{"title":"An action that is not practical","paragraphs":["*あなたを つれて 行く わけには いきません* means \"I can't very well take you.\"","*わけには いきません* after a basic verb form says that circumstances make the action impractical."]},{"title":"An action that cannot be omitted","paragraphs":["*あなたを つれて 行かない わけには いきません* means \"I can't help but take you.\"","When the verb before *わけには いきません* is negative, the whole expression means that the action cannot be avoided."]}],"lines":[{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp3.01","source":"あなたを つれて 行く わけには いきません。","translation":"I can't very well take you.","reading":"あなたをつれていくわけにはいきません。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"take","reading":"いく"},{"text":"わけ","gloss":"circumstances"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いき","gloss":"work"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp3.01.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp3.02","source":"あなたを つれて 行かない わけには いきません。","translation":"I can't help but take you.\" (I can't very well not take you.)","reading":"あなたをつれていかないわけにはいきません。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"take","reading":"いか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"わけ","gloss":"circumstances"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いき","gloss":"work"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp3.02.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp3.03","source":"この 映画には 子供を つれて 行く わけには いきません。","translation":"I cannot take the children to this movie.","reading":"このえいがにはこどもをつれていくわけにはいきません。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"take","reading":"いく"},{"text":"わけ","gloss":"circumstances"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いき","gloss":"work"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp3.03.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp3.04","source":"まだ きゅうけい 時間では ありませんから、 外へ 出る わけには いきません。","translation":"Since it is not break time yet, I cannot go outside.","reading":"まだきゅうけいじかんではありませんから、そとへでるわけにはいきません。","words":[{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"きゅうけい","gloss":"break time"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"break time","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"外","gloss":"outside","reading":"そと"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"出る","gloss":"go out","reading":"でる"},{"text":"わけ","gloss":"circumstances"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いき","gloss":"work"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp3.04.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp3.05","source":"日本人は さかなを 食べない わけには いきません。","translation":"Japanese people cannot do without eating fish.","reading":"にほんじんはさかなをたべないわけにはいきません。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese people"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese people"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"わけ","gloss":"circumstances"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いき","gloss":"work"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp3.05.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp3.06","source":"外の 人が 居ますから、 そんな 事を 話す わけには いきません。","translation":"Since someone else is here, I cannot talk about such a thing.","reading":"そとのひとがいますから、そんなことをはなすわけにはいきません。","words":[{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"そと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"居","gloss":"is here","reading":"い"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is here"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"そんな","gloss":"such"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"話す","gloss":"talk about","reading":"はなす"},{"text":"わけ","gloss":"circumstances"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いき","gloss":"work"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp3.06.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp3.07","source":"かん字を 勉強しない わけには いきません。","translation":"I cannot get by without studying kanji.","reading":"かんじをべんきょうしないわけにはいきません。","words":[{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"わけ","gloss":"circumstances"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いき","gloss":"work"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp3.07.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp3.08","source":"まだ 勉強が 終らないから、 ねる わけには いきません。","translation":"Since I have not finished studying yet, I cannot go to bed.","reading":"まだべんきょうがおわらないから、ねるわけにはいきません。","words":[{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"studying","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"終ら","gloss":"finish","reading":"おわら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ねる","gloss":"go to bed"},{"text":"わけ","gloss":"circumstances"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いき","gloss":"work"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp3.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"},{"word":"きゅうけい","gloss":"recess"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"ねる","gloss":"to sleep"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Doing exactly as directed · Perception drill, Block 4","teaching":[{"title":"Exactly as stated","paragraphs":["*あなたの 言った 通りです* means \"It's exactly as you said.\" *通り* means \"as\" or \"exactly like.\"","It follows a past or non-past verb. It also follows a noun joined by *の*, as in *御らんの 通り*."]},{"title":"Doing something in the same way","paragraphs":["With *に*, the expression describes how an action is done.","*この かん字を 本の 通りに 書いてください* directs the writer to match the kanji in *本*."]}],"lines":[{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp4.01","source":"御らんの 通り","translation":"As you see, -----.","reading":"ごらんのとおり","words":[{"text":"御","gloss":"see","reading":"ご"},{"text":"らん","gloss":"see"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"as","reading":"とおり"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp4.01.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp4.02","source":"あなたの 言った 通りです。","translation":"It's exactly as you said.","reading":"あなたのいったとおりです。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp4.02.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp4.03","source":"あなたの 知っている 通りです。","translation":"It is as you know it.","reading":"あなたのしっているとおりです。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"知っ","gloss":"know","reading":"しっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"know"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"know"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp4.03.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp4.04","source":"あなたの 言う 通りに して 上げます。","translation":"I'll do it for you just as you say.","reading":"あなたのいうとおりにしてあげます。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"上げ","gloss":"do for you","reading":"あげ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp4.04.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp4.05","source":"友だちから 聞いた 通り 日本語は むずかしいです。","translation":"Just as I heard from my friend, Japanese is difficult.","reading":"ともだちからきいたとおりにほんごはむずかしいです。","words":[{"text":"友だち","gloss":"friend","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"聞い","gloss":"hear","reading":"きい"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"as"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp4.05.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp4.06","source":"田中さんの 言った 通り この 映画は 大へん おもしろかった。","translation":"Just as Mr. Tanaka said, this movie was very interesting.","reading":"たなかさんのいったとおりこのえいがはたいへんおもしろかった。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大へん","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"おもしろかっ","gloss":"interesting"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp4.06.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp4.07","source":"この かん字を 本の 通りに 書いてください。","translation":"Please write this kanji just as it is in the book.","reading":"このかんじをほんのとおりにかいてください。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"write"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp4.07.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp4.08","source":"先生の 通りに はつおんしてください。","translation":"Please pronounce it just as the teacher does.","reading":"せんせいのとおりにはつおんしてください。","words":[{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"pronunciation"},{"text":"つお","gloss":"pronunciation"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"pronunciation"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp4.08.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp4.09","source":"この かん字を 本に 書いてある 通りに 書いてください。","translation":"Please write this kanji just as it is written in the book.","reading":"このかんじをほんにかいてあるとおりにかいてください。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"is written","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is written"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"is written"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"write"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp4.09.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L051.gp4.10","source":"あなたの 言った 通り、 今日は 雨が 降り出しました。","translation":"Just as you said, it started raining today.","reading":"あなたのいったとおり、きょうはあめがふりだしました。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"通り、","gloss":"as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"started raining","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"出し","gloss":"started raining","reading":"だし"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.gp4.10.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"通り","gloss":"street"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"word":"本","gloss":"numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Inferring feelings and conditions · Pattern 1 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Strong inferences about feelings","paragraphs":["*さぞ お困りでしょう* means \"You must be having a lot of trouble.\" The respectful inference with *でしょう* applies to a present condition.","*奥さんは さぞ おおどろきでしょう* makes the same kind of inference about another person's surprise."]},{"title":"Inviting confirmation","paragraphs":["*あなたは さかなが お好きでしょう* means \"You like fish, don't you?\" Here *でしょう* invites confirmation.","The lines apply the same respectful frame to tiredness, free time, health, hunger, work, and preference."]},{"title":"Kanji: 困","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt1.01","source":"お つかれ でしょう。","translation":"You must be tired!","reading":"おつかれでしょう。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"つかれ","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt1.02","source":"お ひま でしょう。","translation":"You must be free!","reading":"おひまでしょう。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"free"},{"text":"ひま","gloss":"free"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt1.03","source":"お いそがしい でしょう。","translation":"You must be busy!","reading":"おいそがしいでしょう。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt1.04","source":"さぞ お困りでしょう。","translation":"You must be having a lot of trouble.","reading":"さぞおこまりでしょう。","words":[{"text":"さぞ","gloss":"surely"},{"text":"お","gloss":"troubled"},{"text":"困り","gloss":"troubled","reading":"こまり"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt1.05","source":"お子さんは およろこびでしょう。","translation":"Your children must be pleased.","reading":"おこさんはおよろこびでしょう。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"children"},{"text":"子","gloss":"children","reading":"こ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"children"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"お","gloss":"pleased"},{"text":"よろこび","gloss":"pleased"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt1.06","source":"奥さんは さぞ おおどろきでしょう。","translation":"Your wife must be very surprised.","reading":"おくさんはさぞおおどろきでしょう。","words":[{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さぞ","gloss":"surely"},{"text":"お","gloss":"surprised"},{"text":"おどろき","gloss":"surprised"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt1.07","source":"あなたは さかなが お好きでしょう。","translation":"You like fish, don’t you?","reading":"あなたはさかながおすきでしょう。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"お","gloss":"like"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt1.08","source":"奥さんは お元気でしょう。","translation":"Your wife is well, isn’t she?","reading":"おくさんはおげんきでしょう。","words":[{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"お","gloss":"well"},{"text":"元気","gloss":"well","reading":"げんき"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt1.09","source":"おなかが おすきでしょう。","translation":"You must be hungry.","reading":"おなかがおすきでしょう。","words":[{"text":"おなか","gloss":"stomach"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"お","gloss":"empty"},{"text":"すき","gloss":"empty"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt1.10","source":"この 頃は 学校の 仕事が おいそがしいでしょう。","translation":"You must be busy with schoolwork these days.","reading":"このごろはがっこうのしごとがおいそがしいでしょう。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"time","reading":"ごろ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"お","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt1.10.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ひま","gloss":"leisure time, free"},{"word":"おなか","gloss":"stomach"},{"word":"頃","gloss":"approximate point of time (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Explaining inferred conditions · Pattern 1 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A reason before the inference","paragraphs":["*奥さんは 毎日 お仕事ですから、 さぞ おつかれでしょう* means \"Since your wife works every day, she must be very tired.\"","The clause ending in *から* gives the circumstance that supports the inference with *でしょう*."]},{"title":"Time as the circumstance","paragraphs":["*もう 一時ですから、 さぞ おなかが おすきでしょう* links the time at one o'clock to an inference about hunger.","The response can confirm the condition and add its cause."]}],"lines":[{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt1.11","source":"ええ、 新しい 教か書を 書いているから、 とても いそがしいのです。","translation":"Yes, I am very busy because I am writing a new textbook.","reading":"ええ、あたらしいきょうかしょをかいているから、とてもいそがしいのです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"教","gloss":"textbook","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"か","gloss":"textbook"},{"text":"書","gloss":"textbook","reading":"しょ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"am writing","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am writing"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"am writing"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt1.12","source":"奥さんは 毎日 お仕事ですから、 さぞ おつかれでしょう。","translation":"Since your wife works every day, she must be very tired.","reading":"おくさんはまいにちおしごとですから、さぞおつかれでしょう。","words":[{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"お","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"さぞ","gloss":"surely"},{"text":"お","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"つかれ","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt1.13","source":"ええ、 つかれて、 夜 九時頃には もう ねてしまいます。","translation":"Yes, she gets tired and is already asleep by about nine at night.","reading":"ええ、つかれて、よるくじごろにはもうねてしまいます。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"つか","gloss":"gets tired"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"gets tired"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"gets tired"},{"text":"夜","gloss":"night"},{"text":"九","gloss":"nine"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"about"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"ね","gloss":"falls asleep"},{"text":"て","gloss":"falls asleep"},{"text":"しまい","gloss":"falls asleep"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"falls asleep"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt1.14","source":"もう 一時ですから、 さぞ おなかが おすきでしょう。","translation":"Since it is already one o’clock, you must be very hungry.","reading":"もういちじですから、さぞおなかがおすきでしょう。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"一時","gloss":"one o’clock","reading":"いちじ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"さぞ","gloss":"surely"},{"text":"おなか","gloss":"stomach"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"お","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"すき","gloss":"hungry"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt1.15","source":"ええ、 今朝から 食べていませんから、 おなかが とても すいています。","translation":"Yes, I have not eaten since this morning, so I am very hungry.","reading":"ええ、けさからたべていませんから、おなかがとてもすいています。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"今朝","gloss":"this morning","reading":"けさ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"since"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"have not eaten","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have not eaten"},{"text":"い","gloss":"have not eaten"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"have not eaten"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"have not eaten"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"おなか","gloss":"stomach"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"すい","gloss":"am hungry"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am hungry"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am hungry"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am hungry"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt1.15.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt1.16","source":"よろこぶ","translation":"to be pleased","reading":"よろこぶ","words":[{"text":"よろこぶ","gloss":"be pleased"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt1.17","source":"つかれる","translation":"to get tired","reading":"つかれる","words":[{"text":"つかれる","gloss":"get tired"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt1.17.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt1.18","source":"困る","translation":"to be troubled","reading":"こまる","words":[{"text":"困る","gloss":"be troubled","reading":"こまる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt1.19","source":"おどろく","translation":"to be surprised","reading":"おどろく","words":[{"text":"おどろく","gloss":"be surprised"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt1.20","source":"のどが かわく","translation":"to be thirsty","reading":"のどがかわく","words":[{"text":"のど","gloss":"throat"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"かわく","gloss":"gets dry"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt1.20.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"夜","gloss":"night, evening"},{"word":"九","gloss":"nine"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"今朝","gloss":"this morning"},{"word":"よろこぶ","gloss":"to rejoice, be delighted"},{"word":"つかれる","gloss":"to get tired (v.i.)"},{"word":"おどろく","gloss":"to be surprised"},{"word":"のど","gloss":"throat"},{"word":"かわく","gloss":"to dry (v.i.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Offering help politely · Pattern 2 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Requests for the other person","paragraphs":["The request *お かけ ください* asks the other person to take a seat.","*少々 お待ちください* means \"Please wait a moment.\""]},{"title":"Offers from the speaker","paragraphs":["*お手つだい いたします* means \"I'll help you.\" The humble form presents the speaker's action toward another person.","*お手つだい いたしましょうか* offers that help with \"Shall I help you?\""]}],"lines":[{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.01","source":"お かけ ください。","translation":"Please sit down.","reading":"おかけください。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"かけ","gloss":"sit down"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.02","source":"お手つだい いたします。","translation":"I'll help you.","reading":"おてつだいいたします。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"help"},{"text":"手つだい","gloss":"help","reading":"てつだい"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.03","source":"少々 お待ちください。","translation":"Please wait a moment.","reading":"しょうしょうおまちください。","words":[{"text":"少々","gloss":"a moment","reading":"しょうしょう"},{"text":"お","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"待ち","gloss":"wait","reading":"まち"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.04","source":"一つ お取りください。","translation":"Please take one.","reading":"ひとつおとりください。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"お","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"取り","gloss":"take","reading":"とり"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.05","source":"お使いください。","translation":"Please use it.","reading":"おつかいください。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"使い","gloss":"use","reading":"つかい"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.05.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.06","source":"いい しゃしんを お見せいたします。","translation":"I will show you some good photographs.","reading":"いいしゃしんをおみせいたします。","words":[{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"しゃしん","gloss":"photographs"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"お","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"見せ","gloss":"show","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.07","source":"これを あなたに おわたしいたします。","translation":"I will give this to you.","reading":"これをあなたにおわたしいたします。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"お","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"わたし","gloss":"give"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.07.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.08","source":"お手つだい いたします。","translation":"I will help you.","reading":"おてつだいいたします。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"help"},{"text":"手つだい","gloss":"help","reading":"てつだい"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.09","source":"いそがしそうですね。 お手つだい いたしましょうか。","translation":"You look busy, don’t you?\nShall I help you?","reading":"いそがしそうですね。おてつだいいたしましょうか。","words":[{"text":"いそがし","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looks"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"お","gloss":"help"},{"text":"手つだい","gloss":"help","reading":"てつだい"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ましょう","gloss":"shall"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"一","gloss":"one"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Accepting and declining offers · Pattern 2 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Offering and accepting","paragraphs":["*お見せ いたしましょうか* means \"Shall I show them to you?\" It makes a humble offer.","The acceptance *ええ、 見せてください* means \"Yes, please show me.\" It answers with a request."]},{"title":"Accepting a request","paragraphs":["*少々 お待ちください* means \"Please wait a moment.\" The reply *はい、 かしこまりました* means \"Yes, certainly.\"","A refusal can begin with thanks and give a reason, as the line about the small amount of work remaining shows."]}],"lines":[{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.10","source":"ありがとう 御ざいますが、 もう 少ししか 仕事が のこっていませんから、 けっこうです。","translation":"Thank you, but there is only a little work left, so I am all right.","reading":"ありがとうございますが、もうすこししかしごとがのこっていませんから、けっこうです。","words":[{"text":"ありがとう","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"御","gloss":"thank you","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"い","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"しか","gloss":"only"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"のこっ","gloss":"is not left"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is not left"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is not left"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"is not left"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"is not left"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"けっこう","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.11","source":"日本から しゃしんを 沢山 持って 帰りましたから、 お見せ いたしましょうか。","translation":"I brought back many photographs from Japan, so shall I show them to you?","reading":"にほんからしゃしんをたくさんもってかえりましたから、おみせいたしましょうか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"しゃしん","gloss":"photographs"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"brought back","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"brought back"},{"text":"帰り","gloss":"brought back","reading":"かえり"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"so"},{"text":"お","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"見せ","gloss":"show","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ましょう","gloss":"shall"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.11.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.12","source":"ええ、 見せてください。","translation":"Yes, please show me.","reading":"ええ、みせてください。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"見せ","gloss":"show","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"request"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.12.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.13","source":"もうすぐ じゅんびが 出来ますから、 少々 お待ちください。","translation":"The preparations will be ready soon, so please wait a moment.","reading":"もうすぐじゅんびができますから、しょうしょうおまちください。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"very"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"soon"},{"text":"じゅんび","gloss":"preparations"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"be ready","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"so"},{"text":"少々","gloss":"a moment","reading":"しょうしょう"},{"text":"お","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"待ち","gloss":"wait","reading":"まち"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.13.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.14","source":"はい、 かしこまりました。","translation":"Yes, certainly.","reading":"はい、かしこまりました。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"かしこまり","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.14.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.15","source":"使う","translation":"to use","reading":"つかう","words":[{"text":"使う","gloss":"use","reading":"つかう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.15.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.16","source":"待つ","translation":"to wait","reading":"まつ","words":[{"text":"待つ","gloss":"wait","reading":"まつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.16.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.17","source":"はいる","translation":"to enter","reading":"はいる","words":[{"text":"はいる","gloss":"enter"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.17.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.18","source":"よぶ","translation":"to call","reading":"よぶ","words":[{"text":"よぶ","gloss":"call"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.18.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"},{"word":"けっこう","gloss":"splendid, fine"},{"word":"すぐ","gloss":"right away, immediately"},{"word":"じゅんび","gloss":"preparation"},{"word":"使う","gloss":"to use, employ"},{"word":"待つ","gloss":"to wait"},{"word":"はいる","gloss":"to enter, to go in"},{"word":"よぶ","gloss":"to call (v.t.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Verbs for polite exchanges · Pattern 2 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Actions in polite exchanges","paragraphs":["These verbs supply actions for polite requests, offers, and exchanges.","*しめる* means \"to close\", *見せる* means \"to show\", and *わたす* means \"to hand over\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.19","source":"しめる","translation":"to close","reading":"しめる","words":[{"text":"しめる","gloss":"close"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.19.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.20","source":"よろこぶ","translation":"to be pleased","reading":"よろこぶ","words":[{"text":"よろこぶ","gloss":"be pleased"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.20.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.21","source":"送る","translation":"to send","reading":"おくる","words":[{"text":"送る","gloss":"send","reading":"おくる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.21.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.22","source":"よぶ","translation":"to call","reading":"よぶ","words":[{"text":"よぶ","gloss":"call"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.22.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.23","source":"見せる","translation":"to show","reading":"みせる","words":[{"text":"見せる","gloss":"show","reading":"みせる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.23.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.24","source":"かりる","translation":"to borrow","reading":"かりる","words":[{"text":"かりる","gloss":"borrow"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.24.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.25","source":"あずける","translation":"to leave in someone’s care","reading":"あずける","words":[{"text":"あずける","gloss":"leave in someone's care"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.25.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt2.26","source":"わたす","translation":"to hand over","reading":"わたす","words":[{"text":"わたす","gloss":"hand over"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt2.26.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"送る","gloss":"to send (v.t.)"},{"word":"見せる","gloss":"to show (v.t.)"},{"word":"かりる","gloss":"to borrow, rent"},{"word":"あずける","gloss":"to entrust, deposit,\nstore"},{"word":"わたす","gloss":"to hand over, transfer"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Obligations and practical impossibility · Pattern 3 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"What circumstances prevent","paragraphs":["*それを 食べる わけには いきません* means \"I can't very well eat that.\" The basic verb form presents an impractical action.","A reason can state the constraint, as in having no money before *買う わけには いきません*."]},{"title":"What circumstances require","paragraphs":["*それを 食べない わけには いきません* means \"I can't help but eat it.\" The negative verb presents an action that cannot be omitted.","*勉強しない わけには いきません* therefore says that studying is necessary."]}],"lines":[{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt3.01","source":"それを 食べる わけには いきません。","translation":"I can't very well eat that.","reading":"それをたべるわけにはいきません。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"わけ","gloss":"circumstances"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いき","gloss":"can allow"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt3.01.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt3.02","source":"それを 食べない わけには いきません。","translation":"I can't very well not eat it\" or \"I can't help but eat it.","reading":"それをたべないわけにはいきません。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"わけ","gloss":"circumstances"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いき","gloss":"can allow"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt3.02.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt3.03","source":"買う わけには いきません。","translation":"I cannot buy it.","reading":"かうわけにはいきません。","words":[{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"わけ","gloss":"circumstances"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いき","gloss":"can allow"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt3.03.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt3.04","source":"これを あの人に 見せる わけには いきません。","translation":"I cannot show this to that person.","reading":"これをあのひとにみせるわけにはいきません。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"見せる","gloss":"show","reading":"みせる"},{"text":"わけ","gloss":"circumstances"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いき","gloss":"can allow"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt3.04.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt3.05","source":"一つしか のこっていないから 売る わけには いきません。","translation":"Since there is only one left, I cannot sell it.","reading":"ひとつしかのこっていないからうるわけにはいきません。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"しか","gloss":"only"},{"text":"のこっ","gloss":"is left"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is left"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is left"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"売る","gloss":"sell","reading":"うる"},{"text":"わけ","gloss":"circumstances"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いき","gloss":"can allow"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt3.05.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt3.06","source":"日本語は むずかしいから、 勉強しない わけには いきません。","translation":"Since Japanese is difficult, I have to study it.","reading":"にほんごはむずかしいから、べんきょうしないわけにはいきません。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"わけ","gloss":"circumstances"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いき","gloss":"can allow"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt3.06.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt3.07","source":"あの人が 手つだってくださいと 言ったから、 手つだわない わけには いきません。","translation":"Since that person asked me to help, I have to help.","reading":"あのひとがてつだってくださいといったから、てつだわないわけにはいきません。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"手つだっ","gloss":"help","reading":"てつだっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"request"},{"text":"ください","gloss":"please"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"said","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"手つだわ","gloss":"help","reading":"てつだわ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"わけ","gloss":"circumstances"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いき","gloss":"can allow"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt3.07.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt3.08","source":"今年 新しい 車を 買うつもりですか。","translation":"Do you intend to buy a new car this year?","reading":"ことしあたらしいくるまをかうつもりですか。","words":[{"text":"今年","gloss":"this year","reading":"ことし"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"くるま"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt3.08.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt3.09","source":"お金が ないから、 買う わけには いきません。","translation":"Since I have no money, I cannot buy one.","reading":"おかねがないから、かうわけにはいきません。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"money"},{"text":"金","gloss":"money","reading":"かね"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"none"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"わけ","gloss":"circumstances"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いき","gloss":"can allow"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt3.09.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt3.10","source":"今晩 かぶきを 見に 行きませんか。","translation":"Would you like to go see kabuki tonight?","reading":"こんばんかぶきをみにいきませんか。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"かぶき","gloss":"kabuki"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt3.10.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"買う","gloss":"to buy"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"今年","gloss":"this year"},{"word":"かぶき","gloss":"Kabuki"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Limits on possible actions · Pattern 3 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A reason makes the limit clear","paragraphs":["*今晩は 仕事ですから、 行く わけには いきません* means \"Since I have work tonight, I cannot go.\"","The reason before *から* identifies the practical constraint on the action."]},{"title":"Limits on sending and other actions","paragraphs":["*それは 少し 大きいから、 小包ゆうびんで 送る わけには いきませんね* means \"Since that is a little large, you cannot send it by parcel post, can you?\"","The same pattern can limit showing, returning, selling, taking someone along, leaving something behind, or paying."]}],"lines":[{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt3.11","source":"今晩は 仕事ですから、 行く わけには いきません。","translation":"Since I have work tonight, I cannot go.","reading":"こんばんはしごとですから、いくわけにはいきません。","words":[{"text":"今晩は","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばんは"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"わけ","gloss":"circumstances"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いき","gloss":"can allow"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt3.11.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt3.12","source":"これを 小包ゆうびんで 送る 事が 出来ますか。","translation":"Can I send this by parcel post?","reading":"これをこづつみゆうびんでおくることができますか。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"小包","gloss":"parcel post","reading":"こづつみ"},{"text":"ゆうびん","gloss":"parcel post"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"送る","gloss":"send","reading":"おくる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt3.12.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt3.13","source":"それは 少し 大きいから、 小包ゆうびんで 送る わけには いきませんね。","translation":"Since that is a little large, you cannot send it by parcel post, can you?","reading":"それはすこしおおきいから、こづつみゆうびんでおくるわけにはいきませんね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"小包","gloss":"parcel post","reading":"こづつみ"},{"text":"ゆうびん","gloss":"parcel post"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"送る","gloss":"send","reading":"おくる"},{"text":"わけ","gloss":"circumstances"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いき","gloss":"can allow"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt3.13.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt3.14","source":"見せる","translation":"to show","reading":"みせる","words":[{"text":"見せる","gloss":"show","reading":"みせる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt3.14.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt3.15","source":"帰る","translation":"to return home","reading":"かえる","words":[{"text":"帰る","gloss":"return home","reading":"かえる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt3.15.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt3.16","source":"売る","translation":"to sell","reading":"うる","words":[{"text":"売る","gloss":"sell","reading":"うる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt3.16.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt3.17","source":"つれて 行く","translation":"to take someone along","reading":"つれていく","words":[{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt3.17.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt3.18","source":"おいて 行く","translation":"to leave something behind","reading":"おいていく","words":[{"text":"おい","gloss":"leave behind"},{"text":"て","gloss":"leave behind"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt3.18.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt3.19","source":"はらう","translation":"to pay","reading":"はらう","words":[{"text":"はらう","gloss":"pay"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt3.19.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"小包","gloss":"parcel, small package"},{"word":"ゆうびん","gloss":"postal service"},{"word":"はらう","gloss":"to pay"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Acting as shown or told · Pattern 4 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A result matches what came before","paragraphs":["*御らんの 通り 大きく なりました* means \"He became big, as you see.\" The result matches what is visible.","A result can also match what someone said, thought, learned, or usually did."]},{"title":"An action matches a model","paragraphs":["*私が 言った 通りに なさい* means \"Do exactly as I have told you.\" *通りに* describes how the action is done.","*あなたが 思う 通りに しなさい* uses the same form for the way another person thinks best."]}],"lines":[{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt4.01","source":"御らんの 通り 大きく なりました。","translation":"He became big, as you see.","reading":"ごらんのとおりおおきくなりました。","words":[{"text":"御","gloss":"you see","reading":"ご"},{"text":"らん","gloss":"you see"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"way","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"大きく","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"became"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt4.01.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt4.02","source":"あの人の 言った通り いい 天気でした","translation":"Just like she said, the weather was good.","reading":"あのひとのいったとおりいいてんきでした","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"said","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"said"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"just as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt4.02.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt4.03","source":"新聞に 書いてある 通りです。","translation":"It is just like it is printed in the newspaper.","reading":"しんぶんにかいてあるとおりです。","words":[{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"written","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"written"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"is"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"just as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt4.03.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt4.04","source":"私が 言った 通りに なさい。","translation":"Do exactly as I have told you.","reading":"わたくしがいったとおりになさい。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"told","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"told"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"just as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in that way"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt4.04.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt4.05","source":"あなたが 思う 通りに しなさい。","translation":"Do it the way you think it should be done.","reading":"あなたがおもうとおりにしなさい。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"思う","gloss":"think","reading":"おもう"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"way","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in that way"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt4.05.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt4.06","source":"これは 私が 学校で 習った 通りです。","translation":"This is just as I learned it at school.","reading":"これはわたくしががっこうでならったとおりです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"learned","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"learned"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"just as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt4.06.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt4.07","source":"あの人は いつもの 通り おそく 来ました。","translation":"That person came late as usual.","reading":"あのひとはいつものとおりおそくきました。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"usual"},{"text":"も","gloss":"usual"},{"text":"の","gloss":"usual"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"as usual","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"おそく","gloss":"late"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"came"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"came"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt4.07.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt4.08","source":"田中さんが 言った 通り、 日本は ずい分 かわっていました。","translation":"Just as Mr. Tanaka said, Japan had changed a great deal.","reading":"たなかさんがいったとおり、にほんはずいぶんかわっていました。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"said","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"said"},{"text":"通り、","gloss":"just as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"a great deal"},{"text":"かわっ","gloss":"had changed"},{"text":"て","gloss":"had changed"},{"text":"い","gloss":"had changed"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"had changed"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"had changed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt4.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"天気","gloss":"weather"},{"word":"思う","gloss":"to think"},{"word":"いつ","gloss":"when?"},{"word":"おそく","gloss":"late (adverbial form of OSOI, be late, be slow)"},{"word":"ずい分","gloss":"very much"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Copying writing and pronunciation · Pattern 4 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Writing from a model","paragraphs":["In *私が 一度 書いて 上げますから、 私が 書く 通りに 書きなさい*, the speaker writes once and directs the other person to match it.","*通りに* connects the learner's writing to the demonstrated action."]},{"title":"Pronunciation from a model","paragraphs":["*先生の 通りに はつおんして 御らんなさい* means \"Try pronouncing it the way the teacher does.\"","Here a noun with *の* before *通りに* supplies the person whose pronunciation is copied."]}],"lines":[{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt4.09","source":"この 映画は 私が 本で 読んだ 通りでした。","translation":"This movie was just as I had read in the book.","reading":"このえいがはわたくしがほんでよんだとおりでした。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"読ん","gloss":"had read","reading":"よん"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"had read"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"just as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt4.09.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt4.10","source":"私が 思った 通り、 あの人は 仕事を 休みました。","translation":"Just as I thought, that person took the day off work.","reading":"わたくしがおもったとおり、あのひとはしごとをやすみました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"thought","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"thought"},{"text":"通り、","gloss":"just as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"休み","gloss":"took off","reading":"やすみ"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"took off"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"took off"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt4.10.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt4.11","source":"先生、 この かん字の 書き方を 教えてください。","translation":"Teacher, please show me how to write this kanji.","reading":"せんせい、このかんじのかきかたをおしえてください。","words":[{"text":"先生、","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"writing","reading":"かき"},{"text":"方","gloss":"way","reading":"かた"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"教え","gloss":"show","reading":"おしえ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"show"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt4.11.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt4.12","source":"私が 一度 書いて 上げますから、 私が 書く 通りに 書きなさい。","translation":"I will write it once for you, so write it just as I do.","reading":"わたくしがいちどかいてあげますから、わたくしがかくとおりにかきなさい。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"度","gloss":"time","reading":"ど"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"write"},{"text":"上げ","gloss":"for you","reading":"あげ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"書く","gloss":"write","reading":"かく"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"just as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in that way"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt4.12.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt4.13","source":"スミスさんは 学校を やめると 聞きましたが、 本とうですか。","translation":"I heard that Mr. Smith is leaving school; is that true?","reading":"スミスさんはがっこうをやめるとききましたが、ほんとうですか。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やめる","gloss":"leave"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"聞き","gloss":"heard","reading":"きき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"heard"},{"text":"た","gloss":"heard"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"本","gloss":"true","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"とう","gloss":"true"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt4.13.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt4.14","source":"ええ、 その 通りです。","translation":"Yes, that is right.","reading":"ええ、そのとおりです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"right","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt4.14.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt4.15","source":"この 言葉は どう はつおん するのですか。","translation":"How do you pronounce this word?","reading":"このことばはどうはつおんするのですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"言葉","gloss":"word","reading":"ことば"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"はつ","gloss":"pronounce"},{"text":"おん","gloss":"pronounce"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt4.15.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L051.pt4.16","source":"先生の 通りに はつおんして 御らんなさい。","translation":"Try pronouncing it the way the teacher does.","reading":"せんせいのとおりにはつおんしてごらんなさい。","words":[{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"way","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"pronounce"},{"text":"つお","gloss":"pronounce"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"pronounce"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"do"},{"text":"御","gloss":"try","reading":"ご"},{"text":"らん","gloss":"try"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"try"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.pt4.16.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"やめる","gloss":"to quit"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"An embassy family arrives · Reading Selection 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A family arrives in Japan","paragraphs":["Colonel Smith went to Japan with his family to serve at the embassy.","*飛行機がはね田空港に着いたのは、 五月の十二日でした* means \"The airplane arrived at Haneda Airport on May twelfth.\"","Many people meet them at Haneda. Mr. Jones, another military attaché, is among them."]},{"title":"Old friends meet again","paragraphs":["*スミスさんとジョンズさんは ひさしぶりにあったのですから、 色々話す事が沢山ありました* says the old friends had many things to discuss.","The passage joins the airport scene, embassy duties, and their reunion into one account."]}],"lines":[{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L051.rd.001","source":"スミス大さは 大使館づきぶかんとして、 家族づれで日本へ 行きました。","translation":"Colonel Smith went to Japan with his family to serve as a military attaché at the embassy.","reading":"スミスたいさはたいしかんづきぶかんとして、かぞくづれでにほんへいきました。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"大","gloss":"colonel","reading":"たい"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"colonel"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大使","gloss":"embassy","reading":"たいし"},{"text":"館","gloss":"embassy","reading":"かん"},{"text":"づき","gloss":"attached"},{"text":"ぶ","gloss":"military attaché"},{"text":"かん","gloss":"military attaché"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"serve"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"serve"},{"text":"家族","gloss":"family","reading":"かぞく"},{"text":"づれ","gloss":"accompanied by"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"went","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"went"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"went"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L051.rd.002","source":"飛行機がはね田空港に着いたのは、 五月の十二日でした。","translation":"The airplane arrived at Haneda Airport on May twelfth.","reading":"ひこうきがはねだくうこうについたのは、ごがつのじゅうににちでした。","words":[{"text":"飛行","gloss":"airplane","reading":"ひこう"},{"text":"機","gloss":"airplane","reading":"き"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"はね","gloss":"Haneda"},{"text":"田","gloss":"Haneda","reading":"だ"},{"text":"空港","gloss":"airport","reading":"くうこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"着い","gloss":"arrived","reading":"つい"},{"text":"た","gloss":"arrived"},{"text":"の","gloss":"event"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"五","gloss":"May","reading":"ご"},{"text":"月","gloss":"May","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"十","gloss":"twelfth"},{"text":"二","gloss":"twelfth"},{"text":"日","gloss":"day"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L051.rd.003","source":"空から見た日本のけしきは 本とうに美しかった。","translation":"The scenery of Japan seen from the air was truly beautiful.","reading":"そらからみたにほんのけしきはほんとうにうつくしかった。","words":[{"text":"空","gloss":"air","reading":"そら"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"見","gloss":"seen","reading":"み"},{"text":"た","gloss":"seen"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"けしき","gloss":"scenery"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"本","gloss":"truly","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"とう","gloss":"truly"},{"text":"に","gloss":"truly"},{"text":"美しかっ","gloss":"beautiful","reading":"うつくしかっ"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"beautiful"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L051.rd.004","source":"はね田空港では、 大ぜいの人が出むかえに来ていました。","translation":"At Haneda Airport, many people had come to meet them.","reading":"はねだくうこうでは、おおぜいのひとがでむかえにきていました。","words":[{"text":"はね","gloss":"Haneda"},{"text":"田","gloss":"Haneda","reading":"だ"},{"text":"空港","gloss":"airport","reading":"くうこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大ぜい","gloss":"many","reading":"おおぜい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出むかえ","gloss":"meet them","reading":"でむかえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"had come","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"had come"},{"text":"い","gloss":"had come"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"had come"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"had come"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L051.rd.005","source":"その大ぜいの人の中にジョンズさんも居ました。","translation":"Mr. Jones was among the many people there.","reading":"そのおおぜいのひとのなかにジョンズさんもいました。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"those"},{"text":"大ぜい","gloss":"many","reading":"おおぜい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中","gloss":"among","reading":"なか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"居","gloss":"was there","reading":"い"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was there"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was there"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L051.rd.006","source":"ジョンズさんは今日本で大使館つきぶかんとして、 きんむしています。","translation":"Mr. Jones is now serving in Japan as a military attaché at the embassy.","reading":"ジョンズさんはいまにほんでたいしかんつきぶかんとして、きんむしています。","words":[{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"大使","gloss":"embassy","reading":"たいし"},{"text":"館","gloss":"embassy","reading":"かん"},{"text":"つき","gloss":"attached"},{"text":"ぶ","gloss":"military attaché"},{"text":"かん","gloss":"military attaché"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"serve"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"serve"},{"text":"きんむ","gloss":"duties"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is serving"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is serving"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is serving"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L051.rd.007","source":"スミスさんとジョンズさんは ひさしぶりにあったのですから、 色々話す事が沢山ありました。","translation":"Since Mr. Smith and Mr. Jones had not seen each other for a long time, they had many things to talk about.","reading":"スミスさんとジョンズさんはひさしぶりにあったのですから、いろいろはなすことがたくさんありました。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ひさし","gloss":"long time"},{"text":"ぶり","gloss":"long time"},{"text":"に","gloss":"after"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"met"},{"text":"た","gloss":"met"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"色々","gloss":"various","reading":"いろいろ"},{"text":"話す","gloss":"talk about","reading":"はなす"},{"text":"事","gloss":"things","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"existed"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"existed"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"existed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.rd.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"大使","gloss":"ambassador"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"月","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Troublesome children and family talk · Reading Selection 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Parents discuss their children","paragraphs":["The Smiths have two sons and one daughter. Two younger children quarrel and disobey, so *スミスさんも困っています*, \"Mr. Smith is troubled too.\"","Mr. Jones reports similar trouble with his own son and daughter."]},{"title":"From the airport to the residence","paragraphs":["The families continue this conversation as they walk to the car.","*ジョンズさんは 自分の車で スミスさんたちを かんしゃへ案内しました* means Mr. Jones took the Smiths to the official residence."]},{"title":"Kanji: 親","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 両","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L051.rd.008","source":"スミスさんには むすこさんが二人とむすめさんが","translation":"Mr. Smith has two sons and a daughter.","reading":"スミスさんにはむすこさんがふたりとむすめさんが","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むすこ","gloss":"son"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"二人","gloss":"two","reading":"ふたり"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"むすめ","gloss":"daughter"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Miss"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L051.rd.009","source":"一人あります。","translation":"He has one daughter.","reading":"ひとりあります。","words":[{"text":"一人","gloss":"one","reading":"ひとり"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"has"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"has"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L051.rd.010","source":"しかし、 一人のむすこさんとむすめさんは まだ小さくていつもけんかして両親の言う事を聞かないので、 スミスさんも困っています。","translation":"However, one of his sons and his daughter are still young, and they are always quarreling and do not listen to their parents, so Mr. Smith is troubled too.","reading":"しかし、ひとりのむすこさんとむすめさんはまだちいさくていつもけんかしてりょうしんのいうことをきかないので、スミスさんもこまっています。","words":[{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"一人","gloss":"one","reading":"ひとり"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"むすこ","gloss":"son"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"むすめ","gloss":"daughter"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Miss"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"小さく","gloss":"young","reading":"ちいさく"},{"text":"て","gloss":"young"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"けんか","gloss":"quarrel"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"quarreling"},{"text":"両親","gloss":"parents","reading":"りょうしん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"事","gloss":"things","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"聞か","gloss":"listen","reading":"きか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"困っ","gloss":"is troubled","reading":"こまっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is troubled"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is troubled"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is troubled"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L051.rd.011","source":"上のむすこさんは 米国の大学に行っています。","translation":"His older son is attending a university in the United States.","reading":"うえのむすこさんはべいこくのだいがくにいっています。","words":[{"text":"上","gloss":"older","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"むすこ","gloss":"son"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"大学","gloss":"university","reading":"だいがく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"is attending","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is attending"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is attending"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is attending"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L051.rd.012","source":"ジョンズさんにもむすこさんとむすめさんが一人ずつあるそうですが、 親の言う事を聞かず困っていると、 ジョンズさんも話していました。","translation":"Mr. Jones also said that he apparently has one son and one daughter, and that he is troubled because they do not listen to their parents.","reading":"ジョンズさんにもむすこさんとむすめさんがひとりずつあるそうですが、おやのいうことをきかずこまっていると、ジョンズさんもはなしていました。","words":[{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"むすこ","gloss":"son"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"むすめ","gloss":"daughter"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Miss"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一人","gloss":"one","reading":"ひとり"},{"text":"ずつ","gloss":"each"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"has"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"親","gloss":"parents","reading":"おや"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"事","gloss":"things","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"聞か","gloss":"listen","reading":"きか"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"without"},{"text":"困っ","gloss":"is troubled","reading":"こまっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is troubled"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is troubled"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"said","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"said"},{"text":"い","gloss":"said"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"said"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"said"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.rd.012.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L051.rd.013","source":"こんな話をしながら スミスさんたちは ジョンズさんの車のところまで来ました。","translation":"While talking about these things, the Smiths came to Mr. Jones’s car.","reading":"こんなはなしをしながらスミスさんたちはジョンズさんのくるまのところまできました。","words":[{"text":"こんな","gloss":"these"},{"text":"話","gloss":"things","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"talking"},{"text":"ながら","gloss":"while"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"たち","gloss":"family"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"くるま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"place"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"came"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"came"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.rd.013.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L051.rd.014","source":"ジョンズさんは 自分の車で スミスさんたちを かんしゃへ案内しました。","translation":"Mr. Jones took the Smiths to the official residence in his own car.","reading":"ジョンズさんはじぶんのくるまでスミスさんたちをかんしゃへあんないしました。","words":[{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"own","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"くるま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"たち","gloss":"family"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かんしゃ","gloss":"official residence"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"案内","gloss":"guided","reading":"あんない"},{"text":"し","gloss":"did"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.rd.014.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"二人","gloss":"2 people"},{"word":"一人","gloss":"one person"},{"word":"しかし、","gloss":"however, but"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ずつ","gloss":"each (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"話","gloss":"story, talk"},{"word":"ながら","gloss":"while (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"自分","gloss":"self"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Arrival and embassy duties · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Details of the arrival","paragraphs":["The questions ask where the Smith family went, how they traveled, when they arrived, and who met them.","*大ぜいの人の中に だれが 居ましたか* means \"Who was among the many people there?\" An answer names Mr. Jones.","Other answers give a place, means of travel, date, description, or embassy duty."]}],"lines":[{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L051.q.001","source":"スミスさんは どんな きんむを する 事に なっていますか。","translation":"What kind of duties is Mr. Smith scheduled to perform?","reading":"スミスさんはどんなきんむをすることになっていますか。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"きんむ","gloss":"duties"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"perform"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"is scheduled"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is scheduled"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is scheduled"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is scheduled"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.q.001.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L051.q.002","source":"スミスさんは 大使館づきぶかんとして、 どこへ 行きましたか。","translation":"Where did Mr. Smith go to serve as a military attaché at the embassy?","reading":"スミスさんはたいしかんづきぶかんとして、どこへいきましたか。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大使","gloss":"embassy","reading":"たいし"},{"text":"館","gloss":"embassy","reading":"かん"},{"text":"づき","gloss":"attached"},{"text":"ぶ","gloss":"military attaché"},{"text":"かん","gloss":"military attaché"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"serve"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"serve"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"went","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"went"},{"text":"た","gloss":"went"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.q.002.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L051.q.003","source":"スミスさんは 一人で 日本へ 行きましたか。","translation":"Did Mr. Smith go to Japan alone?","reading":"スミスさんはひとりでにほんへいきましたか。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一人","gloss":"alone","reading":"ひとり"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"went","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"went"},{"text":"た","gloss":"went"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.q.003.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L051.q.004","source":"スミスさんは 船で 日本へ 行きましたか。 では、 何で 行きましたか。","translation":"Did Mr. Smith go to Japan by ship? Then how did he go?","reading":"スミスさんはふねでにほんへいきましたか。では、なにでいきましたか。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"船","gloss":"ship","reading":"ふね"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"went","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"went"},{"text":"た","gloss":"went"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"went","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"went"},{"text":"た","gloss":"went"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.q.004.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L051.q.005","source":"飛行機が はね田空港に 着いたのは いつでしたか。","translation":"When did the airplane arrive at Haneda Airport?","reading":"ひこうきがはねだくうこうについたのはいつでしたか。","words":[{"text":"飛行","gloss":"airplane","reading":"ひこう"},{"text":"機","gloss":"airplane","reading":"き"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"はね","gloss":"Haneda"},{"text":"田","gloss":"Haneda","reading":"だ"},{"text":"空港","gloss":"airport","reading":"くうこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"着い","gloss":"arrived","reading":"つい"},{"text":"た","gloss":"arrived"},{"text":"の","gloss":"event"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.q.005.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"ja.dli.L051.q.006","source":"空から 見た 日本の けしきは どうですか。","translation":"How was the scenery of Japan seen from the air?","reading":"そらからみたにほんのけしきはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"空","gloss":"air","reading":"そら"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"見","gloss":"seen","reading":"み"},{"text":"た","gloss":"seen"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"けしき","gloss":"scenery"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.q.006.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"ja.dli.L051.q.007","source":"はね田空港では、 大ぜいの人が 出むかえに 来ていましたか。","translation":"Had many people come to meet them at Haneda Airport?","reading":"はねだくうこうでは、おおぜいのひとがでむかえにきていましたか。","words":[{"text":"はね","gloss":"Haneda"},{"text":"田","gloss":"Haneda","reading":"だ"},{"text":"空港","gloss":"airport","reading":"くうこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大ぜい","gloss":"many","reading":"おおぜい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出むかえ","gloss":"meet them","reading":"でむかえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"had come","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"had come"},{"text":"い","gloss":"had come"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"had come"},{"text":"た","gloss":"had come"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.q.007.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"ja.dli.L051.q.008","source":"大ぜいの人の中に だれが 居ましたか。","translation":"Who was among the many people there?","reading":"おおぜいのひとのなかにだれがいましたか。","words":[{"text":"大ぜい","gloss":"many","reading":"おおぜい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中","gloss":"among","reading":"なか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"居","gloss":"was there","reading":"い"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was there"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was there"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.q.008.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"ja.dli.L051.q.009","source":"ジョンズさんは 日本で 何を していますか。","translation":"What is Mr. Jones doing in Japan?","reading":"ジョンズさんはにほんでなにをしていますか。","words":[{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is doing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is doing"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is doing"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.q.009.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"だれ","gloss":"who?"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Children and official quarters · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Family and destination details","paragraphs":["The questions ask how many children the families have, why the parents are troubled, and where the travelers go.","*スミスさんには 子供が 何人 ありますか* means \"How many children does Mr. Smith have?\" An answer gives the number.","Other answers give a reason, describe the children, or name the car and official residence as destinations."]}],"lines":[{"number":159,"id":"ja.dli.L051.q.010","source":"スミスさんと ジョンズさんは ひさしぶりに あいましたか。","translation":"Had it been a long time since Mr. Smith and Mr. Jones had seen each other?","reading":"スミスさんとジョンズさんはひさしぶりにあいましたか。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ひさし","gloss":"long time"},{"text":"ぶり","gloss":"long time"},{"text":"に","gloss":"after"},{"text":"あい","gloss":"met"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"met"},{"text":"た","gloss":"met"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.q.010.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"ja.dli.L051.q.011","source":"スミスさんには 子供が 何人 ありますか。","translation":"How many children does Mr. Smith have?","reading":"スミスさんにはこどもがなんにんありますか。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"にん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"has"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"has"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.q.011.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"ja.dli.L051.q.012","source":"上の むすこも スミスさんと 一しょに 日本へ 行きましたか。","translation":"Did the older son also go to Japan with Mr. Smith?","reading":"うえのむすこもスミスさんといっしょににほんへいきましたか。","words":[{"text":"上","gloss":"older","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"むすこ","gloss":"son"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"一しょ","gloss":"together","reading":"いっしょ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"together"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"went","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"went"},{"text":"た","gloss":"went"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.q.012.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"ja.dli.L051.q.013","source":"なぜ 行きませんでしたか。","translation":"Why didn't he go?","reading":"なぜいきませんでしたか。","words":[{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.q.013.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"ja.dli.L051.q.014","source":"スミスさんは なぜ 困っていましたか。","translation":"Why was Mr. Smith having trouble?","reading":"スミスさんはなぜこまっていましたか。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"困っ","gloss":"was troubled","reading":"こまっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was troubled"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was troubled"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was troubled"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was troubled"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.q.014.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"ja.dli.L051.q.015","source":"ジョンズさんにも 子供が ありますか。","translation":"Does Mr. Jones also have children?","reading":"ジョンズさんにもこどもがありますか。","words":[{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.q.015.m4a"},{"number":165,"id":"ja.dli.L051.q.016","source":"ジョンズさんの お子さんたちは どうですか。","translation":"How are Mr. Jones's children?","reading":"ジョンズさんのおこさんたちはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"お","gloss":"children"},{"text":"子","gloss":"children","reading":"こ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"children"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"plural"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.q.016.m4a"},{"number":166,"id":"ja.dli.L051.q.017","source":"色々 話しながら スミスさんたちは どこへ 行きましたか。","translation":"Where did Mr. Smith and the others go while talking about various things?","reading":"いろいろはなしながらスミスさんたちはどこへいきましたか。","words":[{"text":"色々","gloss":"various things","reading":"いろいろ"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"talk","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"ながら","gloss":"while"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"たち","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.q.017.m4a"},{"number":167,"id":"ja.dli.L051.q.018","source":"ジョンズさんは 自分の 車で スミスさんを どこへ 案内しましたか。","translation":"Where did Mr. Jones take Mr. Smith in his own car?","reading":"ジョンズさんはじぶんのくるまでスミスさんをどこへあんないしましたか。","words":[{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"own","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"くるま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"案内","gloss":"guide","reading":"あんない"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.q.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"なぜ","gloss":"why?"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Family, obedience and reunion expressions · Word list","teaching":[{"title":"Family news and daily situations","paragraphs":["The expressions ask about family well-being and describe children growing, quarreling, and disobeying. *奥さんには 御かわりは 御ざいませんか* means \"Is your wife fine?\"","*辞書に 書いてある 通りに 書きなさい* directs the writer to match the dictionary entry. It applies *通りに* to copying.","*私は ひさしぶりに スミスさんに あいました* describes meeting Mr. Smith after a long absence."]}],"lines":[{"number":168,"id":"ja.dli.L051.w.001","source":"奥さんには 御かわりは 御ざいませんか。","translation":"Is your wife fine?","reading":"おくさんにはおかわりはございませんか。","words":[{"text":"奥さんには御かわりは御ざいませんか。","gloss":"Is your wife well?","reading":"おくさんにはおかわりはございませんか。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.w.001.m4a"},{"number":169,"id":"ja.dli.L051.w.002","source":"おじょうさんも ぼっちゃんも 大きく なりましたね。","translation":"Both your daughter and son have grown, haven't they?","reading":"おじょうさんもぼっちゃんもおおきくなりましたね。","words":[{"text":"おじょうさんもぼっちゃんも大きくなりましたね。","gloss":"Daughter and son grew","reading":"おじょうさんもぼっちゃんもおおきくなりましたね。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.w.002.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"ja.dli.L051.w.003","source":"ええ、 御らんの 通り 大きく なりました。","translation":"Yes, they have grown, as you see.","reading":"ええ、ごらんのとおりおおきくなりました。","words":[{"text":"ええ、御らんの通り大きくなりました。","gloss":"Yes, they have grown","reading":"ええ、ごらんのとおりおおきくなりました。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.w.003.m4a"},{"number":171,"id":"ja.dli.L051.w.004","source":"子供は 親の 言う 事を 聞かないので 困ります。","translation":"Children don't mind their parents; so we are distressed.","reading":"こどもはおやのいうことをきかないのでこまります。","words":[{"text":"子供は親の言う事を聞かないので困ります。","gloss":"Disobedient children distress us","reading":"こどもはおやのいうことをきかないのでこまります。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.w.004.m4a"},{"number":172,"id":"ja.dli.L051.w.005","source":"うちでも むすことむすめが いつも けんかして、 両親の 言う 事を 聞きません。","translation":"At our home, too, our sons and daughters always quarrel and don't mind their parents.","reading":"うちでもむすことむすめがいつもけんかして、りょうしんのいうことをききません。","words":[{"text":"うちでもむすことむすめがいつもけんかして、両親の言う事を聞きません。","gloss":"Our children disobey us","reading":"うちでもむすことむすめがいつもけんかして、りょうしんのいうことをききません。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.w.005.m4a"},{"number":173,"id":"ja.dli.L051.w.006","source":"辞書に 書いてある 通りに 書きなさい。","translation":"Write it just as it is in the dictionary.","reading":"じしょにかいてあるとおりにかきなさい。","words":[{"text":"辞書に書いてある通りに書きなさい。","gloss":"Copy the dictionary exactly","reading":"じしょにかいてあるとおりにかきなさい。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.w.006.m4a"},{"number":174,"id":"ja.dli.L051.w.007","source":"私は ひさしぶりに スミスさんに あいました。","translation":"I met Mr. Smith after not seeing him for a long time.\" Or: \"It's been a long time since I saw Mr. Smith last.","reading":"わたくしはひさしぶりにスミスさんにあいました。","words":[{"text":"私はひさしぶりにスミスさんにあいました。","gloss":"I met Smith again","reading":"わたくしはひさしぶりにスミスさんにあいました。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L051.w.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":9,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\n1 Formulate a conversation under the following situations:\n\na Assume that you are going to the airport to pick up a friend who came from New York, and you are bringing him home with you.\n\nb You go to Japan by boat. Your friend meets you at Yokohama Port and takes you to his home before taking you to your new residence in Tokyo."},{"section":10,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Memorize the Dialogue and be sure to know the vocabulary.\n\n2 Study the Pattern Drill,\n\n3 Learn to read and write the new kanji.\n\n4 Read the Explanatory Notes.\n\n5 Use the Guide given for practice in free conversation."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"奥さんには御かわりは御ざいませんか。","gloss":"\"Is your wife fine?\""},{"word":"おじょうさんもぼっちゃんも大きくなりましたね。","gloss":"\"Both your daughter and son have grown, haven't they?\""},{"word":"ええ、御らんの通り大きくなりました。","gloss":"\"Yes, they have grown, as you see.\""},{"word":"子供は親の言う事を聞かないので困ります。","gloss":"\"Children don't mind their parents; so we are distressed.\""},{"word":"うちでもむすことむすめがいつもけんかして、両親の言う事を聞きません。","gloss":"\"At our home, too, our sons and daughters always quarrel and don't mind their parents.\""},{"word":"辞書に書いてある通りに書きなさい。","gloss":"\"Write it just as it is in the dictionary.\""},{"word":"私はひさしぶりにスミスさんにあいました。","gloss":"\"I met Mr. Smith after not seeing him for a long time.\" Or: \"It's been a long time since I saw Mr. Smith last.\""}],"paradigms":[]}]}