{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L052","title":"Lesson 52","stage":"Kanji and everyday Japanese","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 52: calling at an old friend's home · dialogue 1 of 4, meeting a new grandchild · dialogue 2 of 4, discussing children and marriage · dialogue 3 of 4, sending regards through a friend · dialogue 4 of 4, declining future plans · perception drill, asking about someone's plans · perception drill, suitability for different people · perception drill, confirming advice and intentions · perception drill, deciding not to act · pattern 1 1 of 3, declining outings and activities · pattern 1 2 of 3, everyday verbs with refusal · pattern 1 3 of 3, respectful questions about activities · pattern 2 1 of 2, discussing work, judging things for people · pattern 3 1 of 2, comparing needs across groups · pattern 3 2 of 2, giving direct advice · pattern 4 1 of 2, advice for everyday balance · pattern 4 2 of 2, a visit and new grandchild · reading selection 1 of 2, waiting to become a grandfather · reading selection 2 of 2, asking about a friend's visit · questions 1 of 2, asking about children and grandchildren · questions 2 of 2, honorific words for visiting · word list 1 of 4, babies, family and marriage terms · word list 3 of 4, humble travel and farewells · word list 4 of 4.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/52","lines":190},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/51","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/53","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Calling at an old friend's home · Dialogue 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Calling at an old friend's home","paragraphs":["Colonel Clark calls at Colonel Yamamoto's home. The reply *はい、 いらっしゃいます* means \"Yes, he is.\"","*IRASSHAIMASU* comes from *IRASSHARU*, an honorific word meaning \"come, go, or be.\" The sentence determines its meaning."]},{"title":"Two respectful forms of say","paragraphs":["Clark identifies himself with *クラークと もうす 者が 来たと つたえてくれませんか*, \"Please tell him that Colonel Clark is here.\"","*もうす* is humble and refers to the speaker or someone closely connected with the speaker. *おっしゃる* is honorific and refers to another person.","In *どなた 様で いらっしゃいますか*, *様* respectfully raises the person being addressed. The place noun in *おたくですか* says where Yamamoto is."]},{"title":"Kanji: 佐, 様","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: -A 暑","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L052.dlg.001","source":"ほうもん (一)","translation":"A Visit (1)","reading":"ほうもん(いち)","words":[{"text":"ほう","gloss":"visit"},{"text":"もん","gloss":"visit"},{"text":"(一)","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L052.dlg.002","source":"御めんください。 山本一佐は おたくですか。","translation":"Hello. Is Colonel Yamamoto at home?","reading":"ごめんください。やまもといっさはおたくですか。","words":[{"text":"御めん","gloss":"excuse me","reading":"ごめん"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"},{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"一佐","gloss":"Colonel","reading":"いっさ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おたく","gloss":"at home"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L052.dlg.003","source":"はい、 いらっしゃいます。 どなた 様で いらっしゃいますか。","translation":"Yes, he is. Who shall I say is calling?","reading":"はい、いらっしゃいます。どなたさまでいらっしゃいますか。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"いらっしゃい","gloss":"is here"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"どなた","gloss":"who"},{"text":"様","gloss":"honored person","reading":"さま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"いらっしゃい","gloss":"calling"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L052.dlg.004","source":"クラークと もうす 者が 来たと つたえてくれませんか。","translation":"Please tell him that Colonel Clark is here.","reading":"クラークともうすものがきたとつたえてくれませんか。","words":[{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"もうす","gloss":"called"},{"text":"者","gloss":"person","reading":"もの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"つたえ","gloss":"tell"},{"text":"て","gloss":"link"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L052.dlg.005","source":"やあ、 クラーク 大佐、 おひさしぶりですね。 でも、 よく いらっしゃいましたね。 どうぞ こちらへ。","translation":"Oh, Colonel Clark. It's been a long time, hasn't it? I'm glad you came. Please, this way.","reading":"やあ、クラークたいさ、おひさしぶりですね。でも、よくいらっしゃいましたね。どうぞこちらへ。","words":[{"text":"やあ、","gloss":"oh"},{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"大佐、","gloss":"Colonel","reading":"たいさ"},{"text":"お","gloss":"long time"},{"text":"ひさし","gloss":"long time"},{"text":"ぶり","gloss":"long time"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"gladly"},{"text":"いらっしゃい","gloss":"came"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"どうぞ","gloss":"please"},{"text":"こちら","gloss":"this way"},{"text":"へ。","gloss":"toward"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L052.dlg.006","source":"ありがとう 御ざいます。","translation":"Thank you.","reading":"ありがとうございます。","words":[{"text":"ありがとう","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"御","gloss":"thank you","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"い","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"thank you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"MAI\n\nThe inflected suffix MAI, used with a third person subject, has already been introduced in Lesson 50 to express negative probability, 'probably not ----.'\n\nIn this lesson the same inflected suffix MAI is used with the first person subject to express negative determination, 'will not ----.'\n\nExamples:\n\nKYOO WA WATAKUSHI WA IKUMAI. \"I won't go today.\"\n\nANMARI TAKAI KARA KAUMAI. \"I will not buy it, because it's too expensive.\"\n\nONAKA GA SUITE IMASEN KARA TABEMAI. \"I won't eat, because I'm not hungry.\"\n\nKYOO WA ANMARI ATSUI KARA HATARAKIMASU MAI. \"I won't work today, because it's too hot.\"\n\nWhen the subject is 'you and I,' MAI is used to denote \"Let's not ---.\"\n\nExamples:\n\nMOO OSOI KARA MATSUMAI. \"It's already late, so let's not wait.\"\n\nKONBAN WA MOO BENKYOOSHIMAI. \"Let's not study any more tonight.\""},{"section":2,"text":"a. O + TAKU + DESU\n\nThe pattern: (O) + (nouns to indicate the place of being) + DESU expresses the idea of 'one is at ---.' The honorific prefix O is in parenthesis because sometimes it is used and sometimes not.\n\nExamples:\n\nANATA WA KONBAN OTAKU DESU KA. \"Will you be at home tonight?\"\n\nANO HITO WA KYOO GAKKOO DESU KA. \"Is he at school today?\"\n\nWATAKUSHI WA KYOO ICHINICHIJUU JIMUSHO DESU. \"I'll be at the office all day today.\"\n\nO or GO + (Chinese verb without SURU) + DESU\n\nIn the case of a verb of Chinese origin, it takes GO or sometimes O for the honorific. This construction expresses the idea of 'one is doing ---' or 'one is going to do ---.'\n\nExamples:\n\nKONBAN GO-BENKYOO DESU KA. \"Are you going to study tonight?\"\n\nITSU GO-SHUPPATSU DESU KA. \"When are you leaving?\"\n\nIE NO O-SOOJI DESU KA. \"Are you cleaning house?\"\n\nNote:\n\nOJOOZU DESU, OHIMA DESU, OGENKI DESU, etc., don't come under this pattern since JOOZU, HIMA, GENKI, etc., are copulative nouns and always take the DESU ending when used as a predicate."},{"section":3,"text":"NI TOTTE WA 'for,' 'to,' 'with'\n\nFollowing personal nouns and pronouns, NI TOTTE WA expresses the idea of 'to ---,' 'for ---.'\n\nExamples:\n\nKORE WA SEITO NI TOTTE WA MUZUKASHII DESU. \"This is difficult for students.\"\n\nSORE WA WATAKUSHI NI TOTTE WA TAISETSU NA KOTO DESU. \"This is an important thing to me.\"\n\nKORE WA KODOMO NI TOTTE WA AMARI YOKU NAI EIGA DESU. \"This movie is not so good for children.\"\n\nNIHONGO WA ARU SEITO NI TOTTE WA TOTEMO YASASHII DESU. \"Japanese is very easy for some students.\""},{"section":4,"text":"--N DESU NE or --N DA NE\n\nFollowing the basic form of verbs, both affirmative and negative, --N DESU NE (or --N DA NE), which is an abbreviated form of NO DESU (or NO DA), is sometimes used in an obligatory sense with a 2nd person subject. It is translated as 'should,' 'ought to,' or 'had better.' At times YO is used in place of NE to carry a stronger obligatory force. In the following examples, the subject 'you' is understood.\n\nNote: At times this --N DESU NE could be interpreted as 'isn't it?' It all depends on the context of the sentence and also on intonation.\n\nExamples:\n\nMOTTO BENKYOO SURUN DESU NE. \"You should study more.\"\n\nHAYAKU IKUN DESU NE. \"You should go early.\"\n\nAMMARI TABENAIN DESU NE. \"You shouldn't eat too much.\"\n\nHAYAKU NERUN DESU NE. \"You ought to go to bed earlier.\""},{"section":5,"text":"IRASSHAIMASU\n\nIRASSHAIMASU comes from IRASSHARU, an honorific word meaning 'come, go, or be,' depending on the context of the sentence.\n\nANATA WA NIHON E IRASSHAIMASU KA. \"Are you going to Japan?\"\n\nANATA WA ITSU NIHON KARA IRASSHAIMASHITA KA. \"When did you come from Japan?\"\n\nANATA WA KONBAN UCHI NI IRASSHAIMASU KA. \"Will you be at home tonight?\""},{"section":6,"text":"MOOSHIMASU vs. OSSHAIMASU\n\nMOOSU and OSSHARU are polite equivalents of IU (to say). MOOSU, a humble verb, is used in reference to the speaker and persons closely connected with him. OSSHARU, an honorific, refers only to persons other than the speaker, in polite speech."},{"section":7,"text":"NASARU vs. ITASU\n\nNASARU is the polite honorific equivalent of SURU, both as an independent word and as part of compounds like BENKYOO-SURU (honorific BENKYOO-NASARU). ITASU is a humble verb.\n\n\"Did you study?\" \"Yes, I studied.\"\n\nBENKYOO SHIMASHITA KA. EE, BENKYOO SHIMASHITA.\n\nBENKYOO NASAIMASHITA KA. HAI, BENKYOO ITASHIMASHITA.\n\nNASARU belongs to the same subclass of verbs as IRASSHARU, OSSHARU, KUDASARU. Its MASU-BASE is NASAI and TE-form is NASATTE."},{"section":8,"text":"ITADAKIMASU vs. MORAIMASU\n\nSituations involving giving can also be described from the point of view of receiving. The Japanese equivalent of 'receive' is MORAU. MORAU is used when the subject (person) receives something from an inferior person. The humble equivalent of MORAU is ITADAKU. ITADAKU is used when the subject (person) receives something from a superior. When MORAU and ITADAKU are used with the TE-form of verbs, they mean, 'you receive the favor of ---' or 'you'll have someone do something for you.'\n\nExamples:\n\nWATAKUSHI WA SEITO NI ENPITSU O MORAIMASHITA. \"I received a pencil from my student.\"\n\nWATAKUSHI WA SENSEI NI HON O ITADAKIMASHITA. \"I received a book from my teacher.\""},{"section":9,"text":"ITTE MAIRIMASU\n\nITTE MAIRIMASU is a humble expression for ITTE KIMASU which has already been introduced in Lesson 40 and is the farewell regularly said by someone leaving his home to the person remaining behind."},{"section":10,"text":"SAMA (honorific title)\n\nThe suffix -SAMA used after a personal nouns or pronoun is honorific in that it elevates the person named or referred to. -SAN has a less formal and more friendly connotation.\n\nExamples:\n\n| | \nOKU-SAMA | 'wife' | OKU-SAN\nOTOO-SAMA | 'father' | OTOO-SAN\nOKAA-SAMA | 'mother' | OKAA-SAN\nDONATA-SAMA | \"who?\" | DONATA-SAN\nOJOO-SAMA | 'daughter' | OJOO-SAN\n\nPrefix O or GO and suffix -SAMA is used with some nouns and adjectival verbs.\n\nExamples:\n\nGO-CHISOO-SAMA (DESHITA) \"It was a feast.\" \"Thanks for the feast.\"\n\nGO-KUROO-SAMA \"Thanks for your trouble.\"\n\nGO-SHINSETSU-SAMA \"Thanks for your kindness.\"\n\nO-KAGE-SAMA (DE) \"Thanks to you.\""}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"(一)","gloss":"one"},{"word":"ください。","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"一佐","gloss":"Colonel, Captain (Navy) (Japanese rank)"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"もうす","gloss":"to say (humble) (See Notes)"},{"word":"者","gloss":"person"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"やあ、","gloss":"Oh!"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"こちら","gloss":"this, here (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"へ。","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Meeting a new grandchild · Dialogue 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"A new grandchild","paragraphs":["Clark meets Yamamoto's new grandson. *長女の 秋子に 三か月ほど 前に むすこが 生れたのです* means \"My eldest daughter Akiko had a baby son about 3 months ago.\"","The friends speak about becoming a grandfather and how dear grandchildren are to grandparents."]},{"title":"Do, in two respectful forms","paragraphs":["*おらくに なさってください* means \"Please make yourself comfortable.\" *なさる* is the honorific verb for doing another person's action.","Clark answers with *しつれいいたします*, \"Excuse me.\" *いたす* is the humble verb for the speaker's action.","In *おじいさん、 おばあさんに とって 孫ほど かわいい ものは ないと 言いますね*, *に とって* marks the grandparents for whom the judgment holds."]},{"title":"Kanji: 赤, 孫","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 生","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L052.dlg.007","source":"さあ、 どうぞ おらくに なさってください。","translation":"Please make yourself comfortable.","reading":"さあ、どうぞおらくになさってください。","words":[{"text":"さあ、","gloss":"well then"},{"text":"どうぞ","gloss":"please"},{"text":"お","gloss":"comfortable"},{"text":"らく","gloss":"comfortable"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なさっ","gloss":"make yourself"},{"text":"て","gloss":"link"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L052.dlg.008","source":"ありがとう 御ざいます。 じゃ、 しつれいいたします。 おお、 その 赤ちゃんは おたくの お子さんですか。","translation":"Thank you very much. Excuse me, then. Oh, is that baby your child?","reading":"ありがとうございます。じゃ、しつれいいたします。おお、そのあかちゃんはおたくのおこさんですか。","words":[{"text":"ありがとう","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"御","gloss":"thank you","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"い","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"じゃ、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"しつれい","gloss":"excuse me"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"do humbly"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"おお、","gloss":"oh"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"赤ちゃん","gloss":"baby","reading":"あかちゃん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おたく","gloss":"your home"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"お","gloss":"child"},{"text":"子","gloss":"child","reading":"こ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"child"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L052.dlg.009","source":"いいえ、 孫ですよ。 長女の 秋子に 三か月ほど 前に むすこが 生れたのです。","translation":"No, it's my grandchild. My eldest daughter Akiko had a baby son about 3 months ago.","reading":"いいえ、まごですよ。ちょうじょのあきこにさんかげつほどまえにむすこがうまれたのです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"孫","gloss":"grandchild","reading":"まご"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"長女","gloss":"eldest daughter","reading":"ちょうじょ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"秋","gloss":"Akiko","reading":"あき"},{"text":"子","gloss":"Akiko","reading":"こ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"か月","gloss":"months","reading":"かげつ"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"about"},{"text":"前","gloss":"ago","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"むすこ","gloss":"son"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"生れ","gloss":"was born","reading":"うまれ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L052.dlg.010","source":"それは お目出とう 御ざいます。 じゃ、 あなたも もう おじいさんですね。","translation":"Congratulations. Then, you are already a grandfather, aren't you?","reading":"それはおめでとうございます。じゃ、あなたももうおじいさんですね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"お","gloss":"congratulations"},{"text":"目出とう","gloss":"congratulations","reading":"めでとう"},{"text":"御","gloss":"congratulations","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"congratulations"},{"text":"い","gloss":"congratulations"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"congratulations"},{"text":"じゃ、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"お","gloss":"grandfather"},{"text":"じい","gloss":"grandfather"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"grandfather"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L052.dlg.011","source":"ええ、 おじいさんに なってしまいましたよ。 でも、 孫は かわいいものですね。","translation":"Yes, I became a grandfather. But I don't mind; my grandchild is very lovable.","reading":"ええ、おじいさんになってしまいましたよ。でも、まごはかわいいものですね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"お","gloss":"grandfather"},{"text":"じい","gloss":"grandfather"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"grandfather"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て","gloss":"became"},{"text":"しまい","gloss":"completely"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"孫","gloss":"grandchild","reading":"まご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かわいい","gloss":"lovable"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L052.dlg.012","source":"おじいさん、 おばあさんに とって 孫ほど かわいい ものは ないと 言いますね。","translation":"They say nothing is so precious as grandchildren for grandfathers and grandmothers.","reading":"おじいさん、おばあさんにとってまごほどかわいいものはないといいますね。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"grandfather"},{"text":"じい","gloss":"grandfather"},{"text":"さん、","gloss":"grandfather"},{"text":"お","gloss":"grandmother"},{"text":"ばあ","gloss":"grandmother"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"grandmother"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"孫","gloss":"grandchildren","reading":"まご"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as"},{"text":"かわいい","gloss":"lovable"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"none"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"say","reading":"いい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"さあ、","gloss":"well, now, here, come"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"赤ちゃん","gloss":"baby (an affectionate way of referring to a baby)"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"孫","gloss":"grandchild"},{"word":"長女","gloss":"eldest daughter"},{"word":"秋","gloss":"autumn, fall"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"ほど","gloss":"to the extent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"前","gloss":"before, front"},{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"かわいい","gloss":"dear, lovely, charming"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Discussing children and marriage · Dialogue 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Years before a grandchild","paragraphs":["Yamamoto tells Clark, *あなたも 早く おじいさんに なるんですね*, \"You had better make haste and become a grandfather, too.\"","Here, the basic-form verb followed by *んですね* presents what Clark should do.","Clark explains that his son is twenty and his daughter is sixteen, so becoming a grandfather remains years away."]},{"title":"Kanji: 男","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L052.dlg.013","source":"本とうですよ。 あなたも 早く おじいさんに なるんですね。","translation":"They are so right. You had better make haste and become a grandfather, too.","reading":"ほんとうですよ。あなたもはやくおじいさんになるんですね。","words":[{"text":"本","gloss":"true","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"とう","gloss":"true"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"soon","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"お","gloss":"grandfather"},{"text":"じい","gloss":"grandfather"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"grandfather"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L052.dlg.014","source":"いや、 こればかりは どうにも なりませんね。 長男も まだ 二十ですからね。 大学を 出て けっこんする までには、 まだ 四五年 ありますよ。","translation":"No, this is something I can't do anything about. My eldest son is still only twenty, you see. It will be another 4 or 5 years before he graduates from the university and gets married.","reading":"いや、こればかりはどうにもなりませんね。ちょうなんもまだはたちですからね。だいがくをでてけっこんするまでには、まだしごねんありますよ。","words":[{"text":"いや、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"alone"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"長男","gloss":"eldest son","reading":"ちょうなん"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"二十","gloss":"twenty","reading":"はたち"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you see"},{"text":"大学","gloss":"university","reading":"だいがく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出","gloss":"graduate","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"けっこん","gloss":"marry"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"another"},{"text":"四五","gloss":"four or five","reading":"しご"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"remain"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L052.dlg.015","source":"おたくには おじょうさんが おありでしょう。","translation":"You have a daughter, haven't you?","reading":"おたくにはおじょうさんがおありでしょう。","words":[{"text":"おたく","gloss":"your home"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"お","gloss":"daughter"},{"text":"じょう","gloss":"daughter"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"daughter"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"お","gloss":"have"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L052.dlg.016","source":"ええ、 ありますが、 まだ 十六さいですから、 先が 長いです。","translation":"Yes, I have but she is only 16, so she has a long way to go.","reading":"ええ、ありますが、まだじゅうろくさいですから、さきがながいです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"十","gloss":"sixteen","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"六","gloss":"sixteen","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"さい","gloss":"years old"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"先","gloss":"future","reading":"さき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"長い","gloss":"long","reading":"ながい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L052.dlg.017","source":"そうですか。 もっと 大きいと 思いましたが。","translation":"Is that so? I thought she was older (bigger).","reading":"そうですか。もっとおおきいとおもいましたが。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"もっと","gloss":"more"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"older","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"thought","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"が。","gloss":"but"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L052.dlg.018","source":"いいえ、 大きいのは 体ばかりですよ。","translation":"No, she has grown only physically.","reading":"いいえ、おおきいのはからだばかりですよ。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"grown","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"体","gloss":"body","reading":"からだ"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"only"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"本","gloss":"numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)"},{"word":"いや、","gloss":"no"},{"word":"長男","gloss":"eldest son"},{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"},{"word":"二十","gloss":"20"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"六","gloss":"six"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"もっと","gloss":"more (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"体","gloss":"body, health"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Sending regards through a friend · Dialogue 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Regards through a friend","paragraphs":["Yamamoto asks Clark, *ジョンズさんにも どうぞ よろしく おっしゃってください*, \"Please give my regards to Mr. Jones.\"","Honorific *おっしゃる* refers respectfully to Clark's saying. Clark answers about himself with humble *そう もうします*, \"Yes, I'll do that.\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 緒","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L052.dlg.019","source":"それはそうと、 あなたは ジョンズさんと 御一緒でしょう。","translation":"By the way, you are with Mr. Jones, aren't you?","reading":"それはそうと、あなたはジョンズさんとごいっしょでしょう。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"aside"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"御","gloss":"together","reading":"ご"},{"text":"一緒","gloss":"together","reading":"いっしょ"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L052.dlg.020","source":"ええ、 ジョンズさんが よろしくと 言っていましたよ。","translation":"Yes, Mr. Jones says hello to you.","reading":"ええ、ジョンズさんがよろしくといっていましたよ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よろしく","gloss":"regards"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"was saying","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was saying"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was saying"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was saying"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was saying"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L052.dlg.021","source":"そうですか。 それは どうも ありがとう 御ざいます。 ジョンズさんにも どうぞ よろしく おっしゃってください。","translation":"Is that right? Thank you very much. Please give my regards to Mr. Jones.","reading":"そうですか。それはどうもありがとうございます。ジョンズさんにもどうぞよろしくおっしゃってください。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"very"},{"text":"も","gloss":"much"},{"text":"ありがとう","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"御","gloss":"thank you","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"い","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"どうぞ","gloss":"please"},{"text":"よろしく","gloss":"regards"},{"text":"おっしゃっ","gloss":"say"},{"text":"て","gloss":"link"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.dlg.021.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L052.dlg.022","source":"そう もうします。","translation":"Yes, I'll do that.","reading":"そうもうします。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"say humbly"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.dlg.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Declining future plans · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"The speaker decides against an action","paragraphs":["*私は 今日は 行くまい* means \"I won't go today.\" With a first-person subject, *まい* states a determination not to perform a future action.","The ending can follow different verb forms. *明日は 休だから、 今晩は 勉強しまい* means \"Tomorrow is a day off, so I don't think I'll study tonight.\""]},{"title":"A decision after a reason","paragraphs":["A stated cause leads to the decision. *もう おそいから 来ないだろう。 もう 待つまい* means \"It is late, so he probably will not come. I will not wait any longer.\"","The first clause concerns another person's probability. The second states the speaker's decision."]}],"lines":[{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp1.01","source":"私は 今日は 行くまい。","translation":"I won't go today.","reading":"わたくしはきょうはいくまい。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"まい。","gloss":"will not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp1.02","source":"今晩 日本映画に 行きますか。","translation":"Are you going to a Japanese movie tonight?","reading":"こんばんにほんえいがにいきますか。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp1.03","source":"少し かぜを ひいているから、 私は 今晩は 行きますまい。","translation":"I have a slight cold, so I don't think I'll go tonight.","reading":"すこしかぜをひいているから、わたくしはこんばんはいきますまい。","words":[{"text":"少し","gloss":"slight","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ひい","gloss":"have caught"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have caught"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"have caught"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今晩は","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばんは"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"まい。","gloss":"probably not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp1.04","source":"もう 少し いかがですか。","translation":"How about a little more?","reading":"もうすこしいかがですか。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"more"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"いかが","gloss":"how about"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp1.05","source":"ありがとう 御ざいますが、 あんまり 食べると、 体に 悪いから、 もう 食べますまい。","translation":"Thank you, but eating too much is bad for me, so I don't think I'll have any more.","reading":"ありがとうございますが、あんまりたべると、からだにわるいから、もうたべますまい。","words":[{"text":"ありがとう","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"御","gloss":"thank you","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"い","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"あんまり","gloss":"too much"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"体","gloss":"body","reading":"からだ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"any more"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"まい。","gloss":"probably not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp1.06","source":"今晩も 勉強するのですか。","translation":"Are you going to study again tonight?","reading":"こんばんもべんきょうするのですか。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"も","gloss":"again"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp1.07","source":"明日は 休だから、 今晩は 勉強しまい。","translation":"Tomorrow is a day off, so I don't think I'll study tonight.","reading":"あしたはやすみだから、こんばんはべんきょうしまい。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"休","gloss":"day off","reading":"やすみ"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"今晩は","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばんは"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まい。","gloss":"will not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp1.08","source":"今晩 ロスアンゼルスへ 帰るのですか。","translation":"Are you going back to Los Angeles tonight?","reading":"こんばんロスアンゼルスへかえるのですか。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"ロスアンゼルス","gloss":"Los Angeles"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"帰る","gloss":"return","reading":"かえる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp1.09","source":"もう おそいから、 今晩は 帰りますまい。","translation":"It's already late, so I don't think I'll go home tonight.","reading":"もうおそいから、こんばんはかえりますまい。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"おそい","gloss":"late"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"今晩は","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばんは"},{"text":"帰り","gloss":"return","reading":"かえり"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"まい。","gloss":"probably not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp1.10","source":"田中さんは ずい分 おそいね。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka is awfully late, isn’t he?","reading":"たなかさんはずいぶんおそいね。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"awfully"},{"text":"おそい","gloss":"late"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp1.11","source":"もう おそいから 来ないだろう。 もう 待つまい。","translation":"It's already late, so he probably won't come. I won't wait any longer.","reading":"もうおそいからこないだろう。もうまつまい。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"おそい","gloss":"late"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"こ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"any longer"},{"text":"待つ","gloss":"wait","reading":"まつ"},{"text":"まい。","gloss":"will not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp1.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"映画","gloss":"movie"},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"},{"word":"かぜ","gloss":"wind"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"おそい","gloss":"be late"},{"word":"ずい分","gloss":"very much"},{"word":"待つ","gloss":"to wait"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking about someone's plans · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"Where a person will be","paragraphs":["*あなたは 今晩 お たく ですか* means \"Will you be at home tonight?\" A place noun followed by *です* says where someone is.","The honorific prefix *お* sometimes comes before the place noun."]},{"title":"An activity without an explicit verb","paragraphs":["*あなたは 今晩 御 勉強 ですか* means \"Are you going to study tonight?\"","A Chinese activity noun drops *SURU*, takes honorific *御* or *お*, and is followed by *です*. The pattern asks about an activity or plan.","*いつ 御出ぱつですか* means \"When are you leaving?\""]}],"lines":[{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp2.01","source":"あなたは 今晩 お たく ですか。","translation":"Will you be at home tonight?","reading":"あなたはこんばんおたくですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"お","gloss":"home"},{"text":"たく","gloss":"home"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp2.01.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp2.02","source":"あなたは 今晩 御 勉強 ですか。","translation":"Are you going to study tonight?","reading":"あなたはこんばんごべんきょうですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"御","gloss":"study","reading":"ご"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp2.02.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp2.03","source":"今週の 土曜日は お仕事ですか。","translation":"Are you working this Saturday?","reading":"こんしゅうのどようびはおしごとですか。","words":[{"text":"今週","gloss":"this week","reading":"こんしゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"土曜","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"どよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"び"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"お","gloss":"work"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp2.03.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp2.04","source":"いつ 御出ぱつですか。","translation":"When are you leaving?","reading":"いつごしゅっぱつですか。","words":[{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"御","gloss":"departure","reading":"ご"},{"text":"出ぱつ","gloss":"departure","reading":"しゅっぱつ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp2.04.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp2.05","source":"いつ 学校を 御そつぎょうですか。","translation":"When are you graduating from school?","reading":"いつがっこうをごそつぎょうですか。","words":[{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"from"},{"text":"御","gloss":"graduation","reading":"ご"},{"text":"そつぎょう","gloss":"graduation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp2.05.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp2.06","source":"奥さんも 御一緒ですか。","translation":"Is your wife going with you?","reading":"おくさんもごいっしょですか。","words":[{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"御","gloss":"together","reading":"ご"},{"text":"一緒","gloss":"together","reading":"いっしょ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp2.06.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp2.07","source":"もう お休みですか。","translation":"Have you gone to bed already?","reading":"もうおやすみですか。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"お","gloss":"gone to bed"},{"text":"休み","gloss":"gone to bed","reading":"やすみ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp2.07.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp2.08","source":"奥さんは 御病気ですか。","translation":"Is your wife ill?","reading":"おくさんはごびょうきですか。","words":[{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"御","gloss":"ill","reading":"ご"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"ill","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp2.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"今週","gloss":"this week"},{"word":"いつ","gloss":"when?"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Suitability for different people · Perception drill, Block 3","teaching":[{"title":"A judgment for a person or group","paragraphs":["*これは 私たちにとっては むずかしいです* states that this is difficult for the speaker and the speaker's group.","*にとっては* follows a personal noun or pronoun. It identifies the person or group for whom the judgment holds."]},{"title":"The group before the judgment","paragraphs":["*日本語を 習う人にとっては、 かん字は 大切です* means \"Kanji are important for people learning Japanese.\"","The people come before *にとっては*. The quality judged for them comes after it."]}],"lines":[{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp3.01","source":"これは 私たちにとっては むずかしいです。","translation":"This is difficult for us.","reading":"これはわたくしたちにとってはむずかしいです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"私","gloss":"us","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"us"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp3.01.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp3.02","source":"この家は あなたの 御家族にとっては 少し せまいでしょう","translation":"This house is probably a little small for your family.","reading":"このいえはあなたのごかぞくにとってはすこしせまいでしょう","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"your"},{"text":"の","gloss":"your"},{"text":"御","gloss":"family","reading":"ご"},{"text":"家族","gloss":"family","reading":"かぞく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"せまい","gloss":"small"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp3.02.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp3.03","source":"この映画は 子供にとっては あまり よくない。","translation":"This movie is not very good for children.","reading":"このえいがはこどもにとってはあまりよくない。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"not good"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not good"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp3.03.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp3.04","source":"日本語を 習う人にとっては、 かん字は 大切です。","translation":"Kanji are important for people learning Japanese.","reading":"にほんごをならうひとにとっては、かんじはたいせつです。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習う","gloss":"learning","reading":"ならう"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大切","gloss":"important","reading":"たいせつ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp3.04.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp3.05","source":"人じんは 体の よわい 人にとっては、 とても いいのです。","translation":"Carrots are very good for people who are physically weak.","reading":"にんじんはからだのよわいひとにとっては、とてもいいのです。","words":[{"text":"人","gloss":"carrots","reading":"にん"},{"text":"じん","gloss":"carrots"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"体","gloss":"body","reading":"からだ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よわい","gloss":"weak"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"の","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp3.05.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp3.06","source":"この仕事は 年よりにとっては、 少し むりです。","translation":"This job is a little too much for an elderly person.","reading":"このしごとはとしよりにとっては、すこしむりです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"job","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"年より","gloss":"elderly person","reading":"としより"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"むり","gloss":"too much"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp3.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"せまい","gloss":"narrow, crowded"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"とても","gloss":"very, indeed"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Confirming advice and intentions · Perception drill, Block 4","teaching":[{"title":"Advice with んですね","paragraphs":["*あなたも 今晩 早く ねるんですね* means \"You should go to bed early tonight.\"","*んですね* follows the affirmative or negative basic form of a verb. With a second-person subject, it can mean \"should,\" \"ought to,\" or \"had better.\""]},{"title":"Context determines the force","paragraphs":["*もう 少し 気を つけるんですね* means \"You'll be a little more careful, won't you?\"","The same form can present advice or confirm an expected action. Context and intonation determine the meaning."]}],"lines":[{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp4.01","source":"あなたも 今晩 早く ねるんですね。","translation":"You should go to bed early tonight.","reading":"あなたもこんばんはやくねるんですね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"ねる","gloss":"go to bed"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp4.01.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp4.02","source":"スミスさん、 もう 少し 勉強するんですね。","translation":"Mr. Smith, you're going to study a little more, aren't you?","reading":"スミスさん、もうすこしべんきょうするんですね。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん、","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"もう","gloss":"more"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp4.02.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp4.03","source":"もう 少し 食べて ふとるんですね。","translation":"You're going to eat a little more and gain weight, aren't you?","reading":"もうすこしたべてふとるんですね。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"more"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ふとる","gloss":"gain weight"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp4.03.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp4.04","source":"今晩は くすりを 飲んで 早く 休むんですね。","translation":"You're going to take some medicine and go to bed early tonight, aren't you?","reading":"こんばんはくすりをのんではやくやすむんですね。","words":[{"text":"今晩は","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばんは"},{"text":"くすり","gloss":"medicine"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"飲ん","gloss":"take","reading":"のん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"休む","gloss":"go to bed","reading":"やすむ"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp4.04.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp4.05","source":"ジョンズさん、 新しい 車を 買うんですね。","translation":"Mr. Jones, you're going to buy a new car, aren't you?","reading":"ジョンズさん、あたらしいくるまをかうんですね。","words":[{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん、","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"くるま"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp4.05.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp4.06","source":"田中さん、 少し やせるんですね。 あんまり ふとるのは 体に 悪いですよ。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka, you're going to lose a little weight, aren't you? Getting too fat is bad for you.","reading":"たなかさん、すこしやせるんですね。あんまりふとるのはからだにわるいですよ。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん、","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"やせる","gloss":"lose weight"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"あんまり","gloss":"too"},{"text":"ふとる","gloss":"gain weight"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"体","gloss":"health","reading":"からだ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp4.06.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L052.gp4.07","source":"もう 少し 気を つけるんですね。","translation":"You'll be a little more careful, won't you?","reading":"もうすこしきをつけるんですね。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"more"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"気","gloss":"be careful","reading":"き"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つける","gloss":"be careful"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.gp4.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ねる","gloss":"to sleep"},{"word":"ふとる","gloss":"to become stout (v.i.)"},{"word":"くすり","gloss":"medicine"},{"word":"車","gloss":"vehicle, car"},{"word":"買う","gloss":"to buy"},{"word":"やせる","gloss":"to lose weight (v.i.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Deciding not to act · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A decision not to act","paragraphs":["The first-person *まい* from *私は 今日は 行くまい* states a decision not to act.","*今日は 暑いから、 私は 働くまい* means \"It's hot today, so I don't think I'll work.\" The reason precedes the refusal.","*雨が 降りそうだから、 明日は ゴルフを やるまい* applies the same ending to playing golf."]}],"lines":[{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt1.m1","source":"私は 今日は 行くまい。","translation":"I won't go today.","reading":"わたくしはきょうはいくまい。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"まい。","gloss":"won't"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt1.01","source":"今日は 暑いから、 私は 働くまい。","translation":"It's hot today, so I don't think I'll work.","reading":"きょうはあついから、わたくしははたらくまい。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"暑い","gloss":"hot","reading":"あつい"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"働く","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらく"},{"text":"まい。","gloss":"don't think I'll"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt1.02","source":"おなかが いたいから、 私は 食べますまい。","translation":"My stomach hurts, so I don't think I'll eat.","reading":"おなかがいたいから、わたくしはたべますまい。","words":[{"text":"おなか","gloss":"stomach"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"い","gloss":"hurts"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"hurts"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"まい。","gloss":"don't think I'll"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt1.03","source":"明日は 日曜日だから、 私は 十時頃まで おきまい。","translation":"Tomorrow is Sunday, so I don't think I'll get up until about ten.","reading":"あしたはにちようびだから、わたくしはじゅうじごろまでおきまい。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日曜","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"にちよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"び"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o'clock"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"about"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"まい。","gloss":"don't think I'll"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt1.04","source":"あんまり 高いから、 (私は) 買うまい。","translation":"It's too expensive, so I don't think I'll buy it.","reading":"あんまりたかいから、(わたくしは)かうまい。","words":[{"text":"あんまり","gloss":"too"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"(私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は)","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"まい。","gloss":"don't think I'll"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt1.05","source":"私は おべんとうを 持って 行きますまい。","translation":"I don't think I'll take a boxed lunch with me.","reading":"わたくしはおべんとうをもっていきますまい。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"お","gloss":"boxed lunch"},{"text":"べんとう","gloss":"boxed lunch"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"take","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"まい。","gloss":"don't think I'll"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt1.06","source":"明日 ゴルフを やりますか。","translation":"Are you going to play golf tomorrow?","reading":"あしたゴルフをやりますか。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やり","gloss":"play"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt1.07","source":"雨が 降りそうだから、 明日は ゴルフを やるまい。","translation":"It looks like rain, so I don't think I'll play golf tomorrow.","reading":"あめがふりそうだから、あしたはゴルフをやるまい。","words":[{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"fall","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looks like"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やる","gloss":"play"},{"text":"まい。","gloss":"don't think I'll"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt1.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"おなか","gloss":"stomach"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"頃","gloss":"approximate point of time (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"べんとう","gloss":"box lunch"},{"word":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"やる","gloss":"to do"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Declining outings and activities · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A reason for not going","paragraphs":["A question uses honorific *いらっしゃいます* in *今週末 サンフランシスコへ いらっしゃいますか*, \"Are you going to San Francisco this weekend?\"","The reply *今週末は いそがしいから、 行くまい* declines with first-person *まい*: \"I'll be busy this weekend, so I don't think I'll go.\"","*少し ねつが あるから、 私は 行くまい* gives a fever as another reason not to go."]}],"lines":[{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt1.08","source":"今週末 サンフランシスコへ いらっしゃいますか。","translation":"Are you going to San Francisco this weekend?","reading":"こんしゅうまつサンフランシスコへいらっしゃいますか。","words":[{"text":"今週","gloss":"this weekend","reading":"こんしゅう"},{"text":"末","gloss":"this weekend","reading":"まつ"},{"text":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"いらっしゃい","gloss":"go"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt1.09","source":"今週末は いそがしいから、 行くまい。","translation":"I'll be busy this weekend, so I don't think I'll go.","reading":"こんしゅうまつはいそがしいから、いくまい。","words":[{"text":"今週","gloss":"this weekend","reading":"こんしゅう"},{"text":"末","gloss":"this weekend","reading":"まつ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"まい。","gloss":"don't think I'll"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt1.10","source":"今日は いい 天気だから、 およぎに 行きませんか。","translation":"It's nice today, so would you like to go swimming?","reading":"きょうはいいてんきだから、およぎにいきませんか。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"およぎ","gloss":"swim"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt1.11","source":"少し ねつが あるから、 私は 行くまい。","translation":"I have a slight fever, so I don't think I'll go.","reading":"すこしねつがあるから、わたくしはいくまい。","words":[{"text":"少し","gloss":"slight","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"ねつ","gloss":"fever"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"have"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"まい。","gloss":"don't think I'll"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt1.12","source":"飲む","translation":"To drink.","reading":"のむ","words":[{"text":"飲む","gloss":"drink","reading":"のむ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt1.13","source":"休む","translation":"To rest.","reading":"やすむ","words":[{"text":"休む","gloss":"rest","reading":"やすむ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt1.14","source":"帰る","translation":"To go home.","reading":"かえる","words":[{"text":"帰る","gloss":"go home","reading":"かえる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt1.15","source":"かぶる","translation":"To put on a hat.","reading":"かぶる","words":[{"text":"かぶる","gloss":"put on a hat"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt1.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"word":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"word":"天気","gloss":"weather"},{"word":"ねつ","gloss":"fever"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"かぶる","gloss":"to wear (on head)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Everyday verbs with refusal · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Everyday actions to refuse","paragraphs":["*送る* means \"To send.\" *見る* means \"To see.\" *着る* means \"To put on clothes.\"","These verbs name everyday actions that can take first-person *まい*.","The remaining actions include *出かける*, \"To go out,\" *そうじをする*, \"To clean,\" and *かぎをかける*, \"To lock.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt1.16","source":"送る","translation":"To send.","reading":"おくる","words":[{"text":"送る","gloss":"send","reading":"おくる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt1.17","source":"見る","translation":"To see.","reading":"みる","words":[{"text":"見る","gloss":"see","reading":"みる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt1.17.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt1.18","source":"着る","translation":"To put on clothes.","reading":"きる","words":[{"text":"着る","gloss":"put on clothes","reading":"きる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt1.19","source":"出かける","translation":"To go out.","reading":"でかける","words":[{"text":"出かける","gloss":"go out","reading":"でかける"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt1.20","source":"そうじをする","translation":"To clean.","reading":"そうじをする","words":[{"text":"そうじ","gloss":"cleaning"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt1.20.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt1.21","source":"かぎをかける","translation":"To lock.","reading":"かぎをかける","words":[{"text":"かぎ","gloss":"lock"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かける","gloss":"lock"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt1.21.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"送る","gloss":"to send (v.t.)"},{"word":"そうじ","gloss":"cleaning"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Respectful questions about activities · Pattern 2 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Place or activity before です","paragraphs":["*あなたは 今晩 お うち ですか* means \"Will you be at home tonight?\" The noun before *です* names the person's place.","*あなたは 午後 御散歩ですか* means \"Are you going to take a walk in the afternoon?\" The honorifically prefixed noun names the planned activity."]}],"lines":[{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt2.01","source":"あなたは 今晩 お うち ですか。","translation":"Will you be at home tonight?","reading":"あなたはこんばんおうちですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"お","gloss":"home"},{"text":"うち","gloss":"home"},{"text":"です","gloss":"will be"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt2.02","source":"あなたは 午後 御散歩ですか。","translation":"Are you going to take a walk in the afternoon?","reading":"あなたはごごごさんぽですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"午後","gloss":"afternoon","reading":"ごご"},{"text":"御","gloss":"take a walk","reading":"ご"},{"text":"散歩","gloss":"take a walk","reading":"さんぽ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"will"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt2.03","source":"今晩 奥さんは おたくでしょうか。","translation":"Will your wife be at home tonight?","reading":"こんばんおくさんはおたくでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おたく","gloss":"home"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably be"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt2.04","source":"田中さんは 今晩 お仕事ですか。","translation":"Is Mr. Tanaka working tonight?","reading":"たなかさんはこんばんおしごとですか。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"お","gloss":"working"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"working","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt2.05","source":"お子さんは いつ 大学を 御そつぎょうですか。","translation":"When is your child graduating from college?","reading":"おこさんはいつだいがくをごそつぎょうですか。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"your child"},{"text":"子","gloss":"your child","reading":"こ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"your child"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"大学","gloss":"college","reading":"だいがく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"御","gloss":"graduate","reading":"ご"},{"text":"そつぎょう","gloss":"graduate"},{"text":"です","gloss":"will"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt2.05.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt2.06","source":"スミスさんは 三月十日に 日本へ 御出ぱつです。","translation":"Mr. Smith is leaving for Japan on March 10.","reading":"スミスさんはさんがつとおかににほんへごしゅっぱつです。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"三","gloss":"March"},{"text":"月","gloss":"March"},{"text":"十","gloss":"tenth"},{"text":"日","gloss":"tenth"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"御","gloss":"leave","reading":"ご"},{"text":"出ぱつ","gloss":"leave","reading":"しゅっぱつ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt2.07","source":"今晩は 奥さんと 御一緒ですか。","translation":"Are you with your wife tonight?","reading":"こんばんはおくさんとごいっしょですか。","words":[{"text":"今晩は","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばんは"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"御","gloss":"together","reading":"ご"},{"text":"一緒","gloss":"together","reading":"いっしょ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt2.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"うち","gloss":"home, house"},{"word":"午後","gloss":"p.m., afternoon"},{"word":"月","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Discussing work, study and walks · Pattern 2 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Activities stated as nouns","paragraphs":["*毎晩 何時頃まで 御勉強ですか* means \"Until about what time do you study every night?\"","The activity noun before *です* states the activity without an explicit verb ending.","*今日は 奥さんと 御一緒で お散歩ですか* asks whether the person is walking with his wife."]}],"lines":[{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt2.08","source":"今週の 土曜日は お仕事ですか。","translation":"Are you working this Saturday?","reading":"こんしゅうのどようびはおしごとですか。","words":[{"text":"今週","gloss":"this week","reading":"こんしゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"土曜","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"どよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"び"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"お","gloss":"working"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"working","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt2.09","source":"ええ、 今 一番 いそがしい 時で、 一日中 仕事です。","translation":"Yes, this is our busiest time, so I work all day.","reading":"ええ、いまいちばんいそがしいときで、いちにちじゅうしごとです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"so"},{"text":"一","gloss":"all day"},{"text":"日","gloss":"all day"},{"text":"中","gloss":"all day"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt2.10","source":"毎晩 何時頃まで 御勉強ですか。","translation":"Until about what time do you study every night?","reading":"まいばんなんじごろまでごべんきょうですか。","words":[{"text":"毎晩","gloss":"every night","reading":"まいばん"},{"text":"何時頃","gloss":"about what time","reading":"なんじごろ"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"御","gloss":"study","reading":"ご"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"です","gloss":"do"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt2.11","source":"大抵 十時頃まで 勉強します。","translation":"I usually study until about ten.","reading":"たいていじゅうじごろまでべんきょうします。","words":[{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually"},{"text":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o'clock"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"about"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt2.11.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt2.12","source":"今日は 奥さんと 御一緒で お散歩ですか。","translation":"Are you out for a walk with your wife today?","reading":"きょうはおくさんとごいっしょでおさんぽですか。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"御","gloss":"together","reading":"ご"},{"text":"一緒","gloss":"together","reading":"いっしょ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"お","gloss":"take a walk"},{"text":"散歩","gloss":"take a walk","reading":"さんぽ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt2.12.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt2.13","source":"ええ、 天気が よいので、 散歩する 事に しました。","translation":"Yes, the weather is nice, so we decided to take a walk.","reading":"ええ、てんきがよいので、さんぽすることにしました。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"散歩","gloss":"take a walk","reading":"さんぽ"},{"text":"する","gloss":"take a walk"},{"text":"事","gloss":"decision","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"し","gloss":"decide"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"decided"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"decided"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt2.13.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"一番","gloss":"number one (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Judging things for people · Pattern 3 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The people affected by a judgment","paragraphs":["In *これは あの人にとっては むずかしいでしょう*, *にとっては* identifies the person for whom the judgment holds.","*これは 子供にとっては、 とても おもしろい 本です* means \"This is a very interesting book for children.\"","*この家は 山本さんの 家族にとっては、 少し せまいです* applies the judgment to Yamamoto's family."]}],"lines":[{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt3.m1","source":"これは あの人にとっては むずかしいでしょう。","translation":"This is probably difficult for him.","reading":"これはあのひとにとってはむずかしいでしょう。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt3.m1.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt3.01","source":"これは 子供にとっては、 とても おもしろい 本です。","translation":"This is a very interesting book for children.","reading":"これはこどもにとっては、とてもおもしろいほんです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"おもしろい","gloss":"interesting"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt3.01.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt3.02","source":"この映画は 子供にとっては あまり よくないですね。","translation":"This movie isn't very good for children.","reading":"このえいがはこどもにとってはあまりよくないですね。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"good"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt3.02.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt3.03","source":"かん字は 日本語を 習う 生徒にとっては 大切です。","translation":"Chinese characters are important for students learning Japanese.","reading":"かんじはにほんごをならうせいとにとってはたいせつです。","words":[{"text":"かん字","gloss":"Chinese characters"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習う","gloss":"learning","reading":"ならう"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大切","gloss":"important","reading":"たいせつ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt3.03.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt3.04","source":"今日の 試験は 田中さんにとっては 少し やさしいです。","translation":"Today's test is a little easy for Mr. Tanaka.","reading":"きょうのしけんはたなかさんにとってはすこしやさしいです。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"試験","gloss":"test","reading":"しけん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt3.04.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt3.05","source":"この家は 山本さんの 家族にとっては、 少し せまいです。","translation":"This house is a little small for Mr. Yamamoto's family.","reading":"このいえはやまもとさんのかぞくにとっては、すこしせまいです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"家族","gloss":"family","reading":"かぞく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"せまい","gloss":"small"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt3.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"おもしろい","gloss":"interesting, to be fun"},{"word":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Comparing needs across groups · Pattern 3 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Different judgments for different groups","paragraphs":["*英語は 日本人にとっては むずかしいそうですね* means \"I hear English is difficult for Japanese people.\"","Here, *にとっては* identifies the group for whom the judgment holds.","One movie can receive different judgments. *子供にとっては おもしろい 映画でしょうが、 大人には あまり よくなかったね* contrasts children with adults."]}],"lines":[{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt3.06","source":"英語は 日本人にとっては むずかしいそうですね。","translation":"I hear English is difficult for Japanese people.","reading":"えいごはにほんじんにとってはむずかしいそうですね。","words":[{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese people"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese people"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt3.06.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt3.07","source":"ええ、 はつおんが むずかしいのです。","translation":"Yes, the pronunciation is difficult.","reading":"ええ、はつおんがむずかしいのです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"は","gloss":"pronunciation"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"pronunciation"},{"text":"おん","gloss":"pronunciation"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"の","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt3.07.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt3.08","source":"日本人にとって 大切な 食べ物は 何でしょうか。","translation":"What foods are important for Japanese people?","reading":"にほんじんにとってたいせつなたべものはなんでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese people"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese people"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"大切","gloss":"important","reading":"たいせつ"},{"text":"な","gloss":"important"},{"text":"食べ物","gloss":"food"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt3.08.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt3.09","source":"さかなと やさいでしょう。","translation":"Probably fish and vegetables.","reading":"さかなとやさいでしょう。","words":[{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"やさい","gloss":"vegetables"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt3.09.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt3.10","source":"昨晩の 映画は どうでしたか。","translation":"How was last night's movie?","reading":"さくばんのえいがはどうでしたか。","words":[{"text":"昨晩","gloss":"last night","reading":"さくばん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt3.10.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt3.11","source":"そうですね。 子供にとっては おもしろい 映画でしょうが、 大人には あまり よくなかったね。","translation":"Well, it may have been an interesting movie for children, but it wasn't very good for adults.","reading":"そうですね。こどもにとってはおもしろいえいがでしょうが、おとなにはあまりよくなかったね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"well"},{"text":"です","gloss":"well"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"well"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おもしろい","gloss":"interesting"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"大人","gloss":"adults","reading":"おとな"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"good"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"was not"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was not"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt3.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"word":"やさい","gloss":"vegetable"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Giving direct advice · Pattern 4 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Direct advice about an action","paragraphs":["*もう 少し 早く おきるんですね* means \"You should get up a little earlier.\" The advice pattern follows the basic form of the verb.","*一生けんめいに 日本語を 勉強するんですね* means \"You should study Japanese hard.\" Each line recommends an action to the listener."]}],"lines":[{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt4.m1","source":"もう 少し 早く おきるんですね。","translation":"You should get up a little earlier.","reading":"もうすこしはやくおきるんですね。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"more"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"earlier","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"おきる","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"should"},{"text":"です","gloss":"should"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt4.m1.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt4.01","source":"もっと 大きな 声で しつもん するんですね。","translation":"You should ask the question in a louder voice.","reading":"もっとおおきなこえでしつもんするんですね。","words":[{"text":"もっと","gloss":"more"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"louder","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"声","gloss":"voice","reading":"こえ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"しつもん","gloss":"ask a question"},{"text":"する","gloss":"ask a question"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"should"},{"text":"です","gloss":"should"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt4.01.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt4.02","source":"今晩は くすりを 飲んで 早く ねるんですね。","translation":"You should take some medicine and go to bed early tonight.","reading":"こんばんはくすりをのんではやくねるんですね。","words":[{"text":"今晩は","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばんは"},{"text":"くすり","gloss":"medicine"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"飲ん","gloss":"take","reading":"のん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"take"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"ねる","gloss":"go to bed"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"should"},{"text":"です","gloss":"should"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt4.02.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt4.03","source":"早く 仕事を すませて 家へ 帰るんですね。","translation":"You should finish your work quickly and go home.","reading":"はやくしごとをすませていえへかえるんですね。","words":[{"text":"早く","gloss":"quickly","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"すま","gloss":"finish"},{"text":"せ","gloss":"finish"},{"text":"て","gloss":"finish"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"帰る","gloss":"go home","reading":"かえる"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"should"},{"text":"です","gloss":"should"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt4.03.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt4.04","source":"もう 少し 食べて ふとるんですね。","translation":"You should eat a little more and gain weight.","reading":"もうすこしたべてふとるんですね。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"more"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"eat"},{"text":"ふとる","gloss":"gain weight"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"should"},{"text":"です","gloss":"should"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt4.04.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt4.05","source":"一生けんめいに 日本語を 勉強するんですね。","translation":"You should study Japanese hard.","reading":"いっしょうけんめいににほんごをべんきょうするんですね。","words":[{"text":"一生","gloss":"very hard","reading":"いっしょう"},{"text":"けんめい","gloss":"very hard"},{"text":"に","gloss":"very hard"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"study"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"should"},{"text":"です","gloss":"should"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt4.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"おきる","gloss":"to rise, get up (v.i.)"},{"word":"大きな","gloss":"big, large (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"声","gloss":"voice"},{"word":"しつもん","gloss":"question"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Advice for everyday balance · Pattern 4 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Advice based on the situation","paragraphs":["*降るかも 知れないから、 レーンコートを 持って 行くんですね* means \"Yes, since it may rain, you should take a raincoat with you.\"","The *んですね* advice pattern recommends an action that fits the stated situation.","*時々 あそびに 出るんですね* advises someone who studies constantly to go out sometimes."]}],"lines":[{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt4.06","source":"今日は 曇っていて、 雨が 降りそうですね。","translation":"It's cloudy today, and it looks like rain.","reading":"きょうはくもっていて、あめがふりそうですね。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"曇っ","gloss":"is cloudy","reading":"くもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is cloudy"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is cloudy"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"is cloudy"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"looks like rain","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looks like rain"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt4.06.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt4.07","source":"ええ、 降るかも 知れないから、 レーンコートを 持って 行くんですね。","translation":"Yes, since it may rain, you should take a raincoat with you.","reading":"ええ、ふるかもしれないから、レーンコートをもっていくんですね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"rain","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"か","gloss":"may"},{"text":"も","gloss":"may"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"may","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"may"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"レーンコート","gloss":"raincoat"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"take along","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"take along","reading":"いく"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"should"},{"text":"です","gloss":"should"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt4.07.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt4.08","source":"あなたは いつも 一人で 映画に 行きますが、 時々 奥さんを つれて 行くんですね。","translation":"You always go to the movies alone, but sometimes you should take your wife with you.","reading":"あなたはいつもひとりでえいがにいきますが、ときどきおくさんをつれていくんですね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"一人","gloss":"alone","reading":"ひとり"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"go"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"take along","reading":"いく"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"should"},{"text":"です","gloss":"should"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt4.08.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt4.09","source":"ええ、 でも 家内は 映画は きらいだと 言うんですよ。","translation":"Yes, but my wife says she doesn't like movies.","reading":"ええ、でもかないはえいがはきらいだというんですよ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も","gloss":"but"},{"text":"家内","gloss":"my wife","reading":"かない"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きらい","gloss":"dislikes"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"says","reading":"いう"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt4.09.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt4.10","source":"あなたは いつも 勉強ばかり していますが、 時々 あそびに 出るんですね。","translation":"You are always studying, but sometimes you should go out and have some fun.","reading":"あなたはいつもべんきょうばかりしていますが、ときどきあそびにでるんですね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"studying","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"nothing but"},{"text":"し","gloss":"are studying"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are studying"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are studying"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are studying"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"have fun"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"出る","gloss":"go out","reading":"でる"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"should"},{"text":"です","gloss":"should"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt4.10.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L052.pt4.11","source":"ええ、 でも 勉強が 好きですから、 仕方が ないんですよ。","translation":"Yes, but I like studying, so I can't help it.","reading":"ええ、でもべんきょうがすきですから、しかたがないんですよ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も","gloss":"but"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"studying","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"仕方","gloss":"help","reading":"しかた"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"cannot"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.pt4.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"降る","gloss":"to fall (rain) (v.i.)"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"一人","gloss":"one person"},{"word":"時々","gloss":"sometimes, occasionally"},{"word":"きらい","gloss":"dislike (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"好き","gloss":"to like, be fond of (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"A visit and new grandchild · Reading Selection 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A visit between old friends","paragraphs":["*ある日の午後、 クラーク大佐は 山本一佐をほうもんしました* means \"One afternoon, Colonel Clark visited Colonel Yamamoto.\"","The men have been friends since Clark lived in Japan six years earlier. Jones planned to join the visit but was busy.","Yamamoto has one grandchild. His eldest daughter Akiko had a son about three months earlier."]}],"lines":[{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L052.rd.001","source":"ある日の午後、 クラーク大佐は 山本一佐をほうもんしました。","translation":"One afternoon, Colonel Clark visited Colonel Yamamoto.","reading":"あるひのごご、クラークたいさはやまもといっさをほうもんしました。","words":[{"text":"ある","gloss":"one"},{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"午後、","gloss":"afternoon","reading":"ごご"},{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"大佐","gloss":"Colonel","reading":"たいさ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"一佐","gloss":"Colonel","reading":"いっさ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"visited"},{"text":"も","gloss":"visited"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"visited"},{"text":"し","gloss":"visited"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"visited"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"visited"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L052.rd.002","source":"山本一佐は、 クラーク大佐が六年前に日本に居た時からの友だちで、 たびたび手紙のやり取りをしていました。","translation":"Colonel Yamamoto had been Colonel Clark's friend since Clark was in Japan six years earlier, and they had often exchanged letters.","reading":"やまもといっさは、クラークたいさがろくねんまえににほんにいたときからのともだちで、たびたびてがみのやりとりをしていました。","words":[{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"一佐","gloss":"Colonel","reading":"いっさ"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"大佐","gloss":"Colonel","reading":"たいさ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"前","gloss":"earlier","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"居","gloss":"was","reading":"い"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"から","gloss":"since"},{"text":"の","gloss":"from"},{"text":"友だち","gloss":"friend","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"たびたび","gloss":"often"},{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letters","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"やり取り","gloss":"exchange","reading":"やりとり"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"had exchanged"},{"text":"て","gloss":"had exchanged"},{"text":"い","gloss":"had exchanged"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"had exchanged"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"had exchanged"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L052.rd.003","source":"クラーク大佐の友だちのジョンズ大佐も一緒に行くはずでしたが、 仕事がいそがしくて、 一緒に行く事が出来なかったのです。","translation":"Colonel Clark's friend Colonel Jones was also supposed to go with him, but he was busy with work and could not go along.","reading":"クラークたいさのともだちのジョンズたいさもいっしょにいくはずでしたが、しごとがいそがしくて、いっしょにいくことができなかったのです。","words":[{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"大佐","gloss":"Colonel","reading":"たいさ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"友だち","gloss":"friend","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"大佐","gloss":"Colonel","reading":"たいさ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"一緒","gloss":"together","reading":"いっしょ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"supposed to"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いそがしく","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"一緒","gloss":"together","reading":"いっしょ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"could","reading":"でき"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"could not"},{"text":"た","gloss":"could not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L052.rd.004","source":"クラーク大佐は山本さんのへやへ案内されました。","translation":"Colonel Clark was shown to Mr. Yamamoto's room.","reading":"クラークたいさはやまもとさんのへやへあんないされました。","words":[{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"大佐","gloss":"Colonel","reading":"たいさ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"へや","gloss":"room"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"案内","gloss":"shown","reading":"あんない"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"shown"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"shown"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"shown"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"shown"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L052.rd.005","source":"山本さんには孫が一人あります。","translation":"Mr. Yamamoto has one grandchild.","reading":"やまもとさんにはまごがひとりあります。","words":[{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"孫","gloss":"grandchild","reading":"まご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一人","gloss":"one","reading":"ひとり"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"has"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"has"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L052.rd.006","source":"長女の秋子さんに三か月ほど前に男の子が生れました。","translation":"His eldest daughter, Akiko, had a baby boy about three months ago.","reading":"ちょうじょのあきこさんにさんかげつほどまえにおとこのこがうまれました。","words":[{"text":"長女","gloss":"eldest daughter","reading":"ちょうじょ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"秋子","gloss":"Akiko","reading":"あきこ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Miss"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"か月","gloss":"months","reading":"かげつ"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"about"},{"text":"前","gloss":"ago","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"男の子","gloss":"baby boy"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"生れ","gloss":"was born","reading":"うまれ"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was born"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was born"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L052.rd.007","source":"それで山本さんもおじいさんになったのです。","translation":"That is how Mr. Yamamoto became a grandfather.","reading":"それでやまもとさんもおじいさんになったのです。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"thus"},{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"お","gloss":"grandfather"},{"text":"じい","gloss":"grandfather"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"grandfather"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"became"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.rd.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"午後、","gloss":"p.m., afternoon"},{"word":"たびたび","gloss":"often, frequently"},{"word":"手紙","gloss":"letter (correspondence)"},{"word":"へや","gloss":"room"},{"word":"男の子","gloss":"boy"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Waiting to become a grandfather · Reading Selection 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Dear to grandparents","paragraphs":["In *おじいさんとおばあさんにとって、 孫ほど*, *にとって* marks the grandparents for whom the judgment holds.","*おじいさんとおばあさんにとって、 孫ほど かわいいものはないと言います* means \"For grandfathers and grandmothers, there is nothing as dear as a grandchild, they say.\"","Clark's son is still in college, and his daughter is sixteen. Clark therefore has years to wait before becoming a grandfather."]}],"lines":[{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L052.rd.008","source":"おじいさんとおばあさんにとって、 孫ほど","translation":"For grandfathers and grandmothers, there is nothing","reading":"おじいさんとおばあさんにとって、まごほど","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"grandfathers"},{"text":"じい","gloss":"grandfathers"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"grandfathers"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"お","gloss":"grandmothers"},{"text":"ばあ","gloss":"grandmothers"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"grandmothers"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"for"},{"text":"孫","gloss":"grandchild","reading":"まご"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"as"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L052.rd.009","source":"かわいいものはないと言います。","translation":"as dear as a grandchild, they say.","reading":"かわいいものはないといいます。","words":[{"text":"かわいい","gloss":"dear"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"nothing"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"they say","reading":"いい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"they say"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L052.rd.010","source":"クラーク大佐にも今年二十のむすこさんがありますが、 また大学に行っているので、 けっこんするのはまだ四五年先の事だそうです。","translation":"Colonel Clark also has a twenty-year-old son, but he is still in college, so it seems that he will not get married for another four or five years.","reading":"クラークたいさにもことしはたちのむすこさんがありますが、まだいがくにいっているので、けっこんするのはまだしごねんさきのことだそうです。","words":[{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"大佐","gloss":"Colonel","reading":"たいさ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"今年","gloss":"this year","reading":"ことし"},{"text":"二十","gloss":"twenty","reading":"はたち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"year old"},{"text":"むすこ","gloss":"son"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"son"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"has"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"has"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"また","gloss":"still"},{"text":"大学","gloss":"college"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"attends"},{"text":"て","gloss":"attends"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"attends"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"けっこん","gloss":"marry"},{"text":"する","gloss":"marry"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"四五","gloss":"four or five"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years"},{"text":"先","gloss":"away"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"matter"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"seems"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L052.rd.011","source":"むすめさんはまだ十六さいです。","translation":"His daughter is only sixteen.","reading":"むすめさんはまだじゅうろくさいです。","words":[{"text":"むすめ","gloss":"daughter"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"daughter"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"十","gloss":"sixteen","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"六","gloss":"sixteen","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"さい","gloss":"years old"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L052.rd.012","source":"ですから、 クラーク大佐はおじいさんになれるまでには、 まだ先が長いのです。","translation":"So Colonel Clark still has a long time to wait before he can become a grandfather.","reading":"ですから、クラークたいさはおじいさんになれるまでには、まださきがながいのです。","words":[{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"so"},{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"大佐","gloss":"Colonel","reading":"たいさ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"お","gloss":"grandfather"},{"text":"じい","gloss":"grandfather"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"grandfather"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なれる","gloss":"can become"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"先","gloss":"time ahead","reading":"さき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"長い","gloss":"long","reading":"ながい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.rd.012.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L052.rd.013","source":"クラークさんは山本さんと長い間色々話して、 夕はんの前に家へ帰りました。","translation":"Mr. Clark talked with Mr. Yamamoto about various things for a long time and went home before dinner.","reading":"クラークさんはやまもとさんとながいあいだいろいろはなして、ゆうはんのまえにいえへかえりました。","words":[{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"長い","gloss":"long"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time"},{"text":"色々","gloss":"various things"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"talked"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"talked"},{"text":"夕はん","gloss":"dinner","reading":"ゆうはん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"前","gloss":"before","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"帰り","gloss":"returned","reading":"かえり"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"returned"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"returned"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.rd.013.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"今年","gloss":"this year"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking about a friend's visit · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Details of the visit","paragraphs":["The questions ask where Clark went, how long the men were friends, and why Jones did not join them.","*ある日 クラーク大佐は どこへ 行きましたか* means \"Where did Colonel Clark go one day?\" An answer gives the place he visited.","Other answers identify Yamamoto's eldest daughter and state when her baby was born."]}],"lines":[{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L052.q.001","source":"ある日 クラーク大佐は どこへ 行きましたか。","translation":"Where did Colonel Clark go one day?","reading":"あるひクラークたいさはどこへいきましたか。","words":[{"text":"ある","gloss":"one"},{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"大佐","gloss":"Colonel","reading":"たいさ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"went","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"went"},{"text":"た","gloss":"went"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.q.001.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L052.q.002","source":"山本一佐は いつから クラーク大佐の友だちでしたか。","translation":"Since when had Colonel Yamamoto been Colonel Clark's friend?","reading":"やまもといっさはいつからクラークたいさのともだちでしたか。","words":[{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"一佐","gloss":"Colonel","reading":"いっさ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"から","gloss":"since"},{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"大佐","gloss":"Colonel","reading":"たいさ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"友だち","gloss":"friend","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.q.002.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L052.q.003","source":"山本一佐は クラーク大佐と 手紙の やり取りを していましたか。","translation":"Did Colonel Yamamoto exchange letters with Colonel Clark?","reading":"やまもといっさはクラークたいさとてがみのやりとりをしていましたか。","words":[{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"一佐","gloss":"Colonel","reading":"いっさ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"大佐","gloss":"Colonel","reading":"たいさ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letters","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"やり取り","gloss":"exchange","reading":"やりとり"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"exchanged"},{"text":"て","gloss":"exchanged"},{"text":"い","gloss":"exchanged"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"exchanged"},{"text":"た","gloss":"exchanged"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.q.003.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L052.q.004","source":"ジョンズ大佐も 行きましたか。","translation":"Did Colonel Jones go too?","reading":"ジョンズたいさもいきましたか。","words":[{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"大佐","gloss":"Colonel","reading":"たいさ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"went","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"went"},{"text":"た","gloss":"went"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.q.004.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L052.q.005","source":"なぜ ジョンズ大佐は 行きませんでしたか。","translation":"Why didn't Colonel Jones go?","reading":"なぜジョンズたいさはいきませんでしたか。","words":[{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"大佐","gloss":"Colonel","reading":"たいさ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"did not go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"did not go"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"did not go"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"did not go"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did not go"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.q.005.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L052.q.006","source":"クラーク大佐は だれに 山本さんの へやへ 案内されましたか。","translation":"Who showed Colonel Clark to Mr. Yamamoto's room?","reading":"クラークたいさはだれにやまもとさんのへやへあんないされましたか。","words":[{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"大佐","gloss":"Colonel","reading":"たいさ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"へや","gloss":"room"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"案内","gloss":"shown","reading":"あんない"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"shown"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"shown"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"shown"},{"text":"た","gloss":"shown"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.q.006.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L052.q.007","source":"山本さんには 孫が ありますか。 何人 ありますか。","translation":"Does Mr. Yamamoto have any grandchildren? How many does he have?","reading":"やまもとさんにはまごがありますか。なんにんありますか。","words":[{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"孫","gloss":"grandchildren","reading":"まご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"has"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"has"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"にん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"has"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"has"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.q.007.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L052.q.008","source":"山本さんの 長女は だれですか。","translation":"Who is Mr. Yamamoto's eldest daughter?","reading":"やまもとさんのちょおじょはだれですか。","words":[{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"長女","gloss":"eldest daughter","reading":"ちょおじょ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.q.008.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L052.q.009","source":"秋子さんには いつ 赤ちゃんが 生れましたか。","translation":"When did Akiko have her baby?","reading":"あきこさんにはいつあかちゃんがうまれましたか。","words":[{"text":"秋子","gloss":"Akiko","reading":"あきこ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Miss"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"赤ちゃん","gloss":"baby","reading":"あかちゃん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"生れ","gloss":"was born","reading":"うまれ"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was born"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was born"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.q.009.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"なぜ","gloss":"why?"},{"word":"だれ","gloss":"who?"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking about children and grandchildren · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Children and grandchildren","paragraphs":["The questions ask about Yamamoto's grandchild, Clark's children, their ages, and Clark's prospects of becoming a grandfather.","*おじいさんや おばあさんに とっては 何が 一番 かわいいですか* means \"What is dearest of all to grandfathers and grandmothers?\"","An answer names what grandparents find dearest. Other answers give ages, activities, and the time Clark went home."]}],"lines":[{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L052.q.010","source":"その 赤ちゃんは 女の子ですか。","translation":"Is the baby a girl?","reading":"そのあかちゃんはおんなのこですか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"赤ちゃん","gloss":"baby","reading":"あかちゃん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"女の子","gloss":"girl"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.q.010.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L052.q.011","source":"おじいさんや おばあさんに とっては 何が 一番 かわいいですか。","translation":"What is dearest of all to grandfathers and grandmothers?","reading":"おじいさんやおばあさんにとってはなにがいちばんかわいいですか。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"grandfathers"},{"text":"じい","gloss":"grandfathers"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"grandfathers"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"お","gloss":"grandmothers"},{"text":"ばあ","gloss":"grandmothers"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"grandmothers"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"かわいい","gloss":"dearest"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.q.011.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L052.q.012","source":"クラークさんには 子供が ありますか。 何人 ありますか。","translation":"Does Mr. Clark have any children? How many does he have?","reading":"クラークさんにはこどもがありますか。なんにんありますか。","words":[{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"has"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"has"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"にん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"has"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"has"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.q.012.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L052.q.013","source":"むすこさんは いくつですか。","translation":"How old is his son?","reading":"むすこさんはいくつですか。","words":[{"text":"むすこ","gloss":"son"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"son"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いく","gloss":"how old"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"how old"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.q.013.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L052.q.014","source":"むすこさんは どうしていますか。","translation":"What is his son doing?","reading":"むすこさんはどうしていますか。","words":[{"text":"むすこ","gloss":"son"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"honorific"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"し","gloss":"doing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"doing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"doing"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"doing"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.q.014.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L052.q.015","source":"むすめさんは いくつですか。","translation":"How old is his daughter?","reading":"むすめさんはいくつですか。","words":[{"text":"むすめ","gloss":"daughter"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"honorific"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いく","gloss":"how"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"old"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.q.015.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L052.q.016","source":"クラーク大佐は もうすぐ おじいさんに なりますか。","translation":"Will Colonel Clark become a grandfather soon?","reading":"クラークたいさはもうすぐおじいさんになりますか。","words":[{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"大佐","gloss":"Colonel","reading":"たいさ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"very"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"soon"},{"text":"お","gloss":"grandfather"},{"text":"じい","gloss":"grandfather"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"grandfather"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.q.016.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L052.q.017","source":"クラーク大佐は いつ頃 家へ 帰りましたか。","translation":"About what time did Colonel Clark go home?","reading":"クラークたいさはいつごろいえへかえりましたか。","words":[{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"大佐","gloss":"Colonel","reading":"たいさ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ頃","gloss":"about when","reading":"いつごろ"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"帰り","gloss":"return","reading":"かえり"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.q.017.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"女の子","gloss":"girl"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"すぐ","gloss":"right away, immediately"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Honorific words for visiting · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Respectful language for a visit","paragraphs":["This set covers a visit, asking whether someone is home, identifying a caller, and conveying a message.","*御めんください* means \"Hello, is anyone in?\" *おたくですか* means \"Is he or she at home?\"","The suffix *--様* follows a personal noun or pronoun and raises the person named. *どなた 様* is the formal word for \"who.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.001","source":"ほうもん(する)","translation":"visit (to visit)","reading":"ほうもん(する)","words":[{"text":"ほうもん(する)","gloss":"visit; to visit"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.001.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.002","source":"御めんください","translation":"Hello, is anyone in?; Excuse me.","reading":"ごめんください","words":[{"text":"御めんください","gloss":"excuse me","reading":"ごめんください"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.002.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.003","source":"一佐","translation":"Colonel, Captain (Navy) (Japanese rank)","reading":"いっさ","words":[{"text":"一佐","gloss":"colonel or captain","reading":"いっさ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.003.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.004","source":"おたくですか","translation":"Is he (she) at home? (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"おたくですか","words":[{"text":"おたくですか","gloss":"is he home?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.004.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.005","source":"女中","translation":"maid","reading":"じょちゅう","words":[{"text":"女中","gloss":"maid","reading":"じょちゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.005.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.006","source":"いらっしゃる","translation":"is, are (honorific) (See Notes on Conv. Expressions)","reading":"いらっしゃる","words":[{"text":"いらっしゃる","gloss":"is, honorific"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.006.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.007","source":"どなた 様","translation":"who (See Notes on Conversational Expressions)","reading":"どなたさま","words":[{"text":"どなた様","gloss":"who","reading":"どなたさま"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.007.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.008","source":"--様","translation":"Mr., Mrs., Esq. (See Notes)","reading":"--さま","words":[{"text":"--様","gloss":"honorific title","reading":"--さま"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.008.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.009","source":"--でいらっしゃいます","translation":"is, are (honorific copula, same as DESU in meaning)","reading":"--でいらっしゃいます","words":[{"text":"--でいらっしゃいます","gloss":"is, honorific"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.009.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.010","source":"もうす","translation":"to say (humble) (See Notes)","reading":"もうす","words":[{"text":"もうす","gloss":"say, humble"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.010.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.011","source":"つたえる","translation":"to convey, tell","reading":"つたえる","words":[{"text":"つたえる","gloss":"convey; tell"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.011.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.012","source":"やあ","translation":"Oh, well","reading":"やあ","words":[{"text":"やあ","gloss":"oh, well"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ほうもん(する)","gloss":"visit (to visit)"},{"word":"御めんください","gloss":"Hello, is anyone in?; Excuse me."},{"word":"おたくですか","gloss":"Is he (she) at home? (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"女中","gloss":"maid"},{"word":"いらっしゃる","gloss":"to come, go (honorific verb)"},{"word":"どなた様","gloss":"who (See Notes on Conversational Expressions)"},{"word":"--様","gloss":"Mr., Mrs., Esq. (See Notes)"},{"word":"--でいらっしゃいます","gloss":"is, are (honorific copula, same as DESU in meaning)"},{"word":"つたえる","gloss":"to convey, tell"},{"word":"やあ","gloss":"Oh!"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Babies, birth and congratulations · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"A guest and a new baby","paragraphs":["This set covers making a guest comfortable and speaking about a birth.","*おらくに なさってください* means \"Please make yourself comfortable.\" It uses honorific *なさる*.","The humble *しつれい いたします* means \"Excuse me. Pardon me.\"","*赤ちゃん* means \"baby,\" *孫* means \"grandchild,\" and *お目出とう 御ざいます* means \"congratulations.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":156,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.013","source":"おひさしぶりですね","translation":"It's been a long time since I last saw you.","reading":"おひさしぶりですね","words":[{"text":"おひさしぶりですね","gloss":"long time no see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.013.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.014","source":"おらくに なさってください","translation":"Please make yourself comfortable.","reading":"おらくになさってください","words":[{"text":"おらくになさってください","gloss":"please make yourself comfortable"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.014.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.015","source":"なさる","translation":"to do (honorific verb) (See Notes)","reading":"なさる","words":[{"text":"なさる","gloss":"do, honorific"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.015.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.016","source":"しつれい いたします","translation":"Excuse me. Pardon me.","reading":"しつれいいたします","words":[{"text":"しつれいいたします","gloss":"excuse me"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.016.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.017","source":"赤ちゃん","translation":"baby (an affectionate way of referring to a baby)","reading":"あかちゃん","words":[{"text":"赤ちゃん","gloss":"baby","reading":"あかちゃん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.017.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.018","source":"おたくの","translation":"your","reading":"おたくの","words":[{"text":"おたくの","gloss":"your"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.018.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.019","source":"孫","translation":"grandchild","reading":"まご","words":[{"text":"孫","gloss":"grandchild","reading":"まご"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.019.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.020","source":"長女","translation":"eldest daughter","reading":"ちょおじょ","words":[{"text":"長女","gloss":"eldest daughter","reading":"ちょおじょ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.020.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.021","source":"生まれる","translation":"to be born","reading":"うまれる","words":[{"text":"生まれる","gloss":"be born","reading":"うまれる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.021.m4a"},{"number":165,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.022","source":"お目出とう 御ざいます","translation":"congratulations","reading":"おめでとうございます","words":[{"text":"お目出とう御ざいます","gloss":"congratulations","reading":"おめでとうございます"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.022.m4a"},{"number":166,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.023","source":"おじいさん","translation":"grandfather","reading":"おじいさん","words":[{"text":"おじいさん","gloss":"grandfather"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.023.m4a"},{"number":167,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.024","source":"かわいい","translation":"dear, lovely, charming","reading":"かわいい","words":[{"text":"かわいい","gloss":"lovely"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"おひさしぶりですね","gloss":"It's been a long time since I last saw you."},{"word":"おらくになさってください","gloss":"Please make yourself comfortable."},{"word":"なさる","gloss":"to do (honorific verb) (See Notes)"},{"word":"しつれいいたします","gloss":"Excuse me. Pardon me."},{"word":"おたくの","gloss":"your"},{"word":"生まれる","gloss":"to be born"},{"word":"お目出とう御ざいます","gloss":"congratulations"},{"word":"おじいさん","gloss":"grandfather"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Family and marriage terms · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Family, advice, and regards","paragraphs":["This set covers family relationships, age, marriage, judgments for people, and respectful words for conveying regards.","*長男* means \"eldest son,\" *二十* means \"twenty years old,\" and *けっこん* means \"marriage.\"","*--にとって* marks the person affected by a judgment. *なるんですね* gives advice, while *よろしくおっしゃって ください* conveys best regards."]}],"lines":[{"number":168,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.025","source":"おばあさん","translation":"grandmother","reading":"おばあさん","words":[{"text":"おばあさん","gloss":"grandmother"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.025.m4a"},{"number":169,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.026","source":"いや","translation":"no","reading":"いや","words":[{"text":"いや","gloss":"no"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.026.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.027","source":"--にとって","translation":"for, to, with (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--にとって","words":[{"text":"--にとって","gloss":"for"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.027.m4a"},{"number":171,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.028","source":"こればかりは どうにもなりません","translation":"This is something beyond my control.","reading":"こればかりはどうにもなりません","words":[{"text":"こればかりはどうにもなりません","gloss":"beyond my control"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.028.m4a"},{"number":172,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.029","source":"なるんですね","translation":"You should become (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"なるんですね","words":[{"text":"なるんですね","gloss":"you should become"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.029.m4a"},{"number":173,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.030","source":"長男","translation":"eldest son","reading":"ちょおなん","words":[{"text":"長男","gloss":"eldest son","reading":"ちょおなん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.030.m4a"},{"number":174,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.031","source":"二十","translation":"twenty years old","reading":"にじゅう","words":[{"text":"二十","gloss":"twenty years old","reading":"にじゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.031.m4a"},{"number":175,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.032","source":"けっこん(する)","translation":"marriage (to marry)","reading":"けっこん(する)","words":[{"text":"けっこん(する)","gloss":"marriage; to marry"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.032.m4a"},{"number":176,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.033","source":"---さい","translation":"age (counter for age)","reading":"---さい","words":[{"text":"---さい","gloss":"age counter"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.033.m4a"},{"number":177,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.034","source":"先が長い","translation":"a long way to go","reading":"さきがながい","words":[{"text":"先が長い","gloss":"a long way ahead","reading":"さきがながい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.034.m4a"},{"number":178,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.035","source":"御---","translation":"honorific prefix","reading":"ご---","words":[{"text":"御---","gloss":"honorific prefix","reading":"ご---"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.035.m4a"},{"number":179,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.036","source":"よろしくおっしゃって ください","translation":"Please convey my best regards.","reading":"よろしくおっしゃってください","words":[{"text":"よろしくおっしゃってください","gloss":"please give my regards"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.036.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"おばあさん","gloss":"grandmother"},{"word":"いや","gloss":"no"},{"word":"--にとって","gloss":"for, to, with (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"こればかりはどうにもなりません","gloss":"This is something beyond my control."},{"word":"なるんですね","gloss":"You should become (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"けっこん(する)","gloss":"marriage (to marry)"},{"word":"---さい","gloss":"age (counter for age)"},{"word":"先が長い","gloss":"a long way to go"},{"word":"御---","gloss":"honorific prefix"},{"word":"よろしくおっしゃってください","gloss":"Please convey my best regards."}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Humble travel and farewells · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Receiving by status","paragraphs":["*MORAU* means \"to receive\" from an inferior person. Its humble equivalent *ITADAKU* applies when the giver is a superior.","*WATAKUSHI WA SENSEI NI HON O ITADAKIMASHITA* means \"I received a book from my teacher.\"","After a verb's TE-form, either word means that the subject receives the favor of another person's action."]},{"title":"The farewell when leaving home","paragraphs":["*行ってまいります* is the humble expression for *ITTE KIMASU*. A person says it when leaving home to someone who remains there.","*一人で 行ってまいります* states that the speaker will go alone and return.","The set also recalls first-person *まい* in *私は 今日は 行きますまい*, \"I won't go today.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":180,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.037","source":"おっしゃる","translation":"to say (honorific verb) (See Notes)","reading":"おっしゃる","words":[{"text":"おっしゃる","gloss":"say, honorific"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.037.m4a"},{"number":181,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.038","source":"やり取りする","translation":"to exchange, to give and receive","reading":"やりとりする","words":[{"text":"やり取りする","gloss":"give and receive","reading":"やりとりする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.038.m4a"},{"number":182,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.039","source":"居なくては","translation":"if I'm not around","reading":"いなくては","words":[{"text":"居なくては","gloss":"if I am absent","reading":"いなくては"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.039.m4a"},{"number":183,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.040","source":"行ってまいります","translation":"I'll go (and return), goodbye (See Notes)","reading":"いってまいります","words":[{"text":"行ってまいります","gloss":"go and return","reading":"いってまいります"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.040.m4a"},{"number":184,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.041","source":"私は ---まい","translation":"I will not --- (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"わたくしは---まい","words":[{"text":"私は---まい","gloss":"I will not","reading":"わたくしは---まい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.041.m4a"},{"number":185,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.042","source":"まいる","translation":"to go, come (humble verb) (See Notes)","reading":"まいる","words":[{"text":"まいる","gloss":"go or come, humble"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.042.m4a"},{"number":186,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.043","source":"私は 田中さんと 手紙の やりとりを しています。","translation":"I have been corresponding with Mr. Tanaka.","reading":"わたくしはたなかさんとてがみのやりとりをしています。","words":[{"text":"私は田中さんと手紙のやりとりをしています。","gloss":"I correspond with Tanaka","reading":"わたくしはたなかさんとてがみのやりとりをしています。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.043.m4a"},{"number":187,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.044","source":"いつも 私が 居なくては、 困ります。","translation":"There is always trouble if I am not around.","reading":"いつもわたくしがいなくては、こまります。","words":[{"text":"いつも私が居なくては、困ります。","gloss":"trouble if I’m absent","reading":"いつもわたくしがいなくては、こまります。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.044.m4a"},{"number":188,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.045","source":"一人で 行ってまいります。","translation":"I'll go by myself (and come back).","reading":"ひとりでいってまいります。","words":[{"text":"一人で行ってまいります。","gloss":"I’ll go by myself","reading":"ひとりでいってまいります。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.045.m4a"},{"number":189,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.046","source":"私は 今日は 行きますまい。","translation":"I won't go today.","reading":"わたくしはきょうはいきますまい。","words":[{"text":"私は今日は行きますまい。","gloss":"I won’t go today","reading":"わたくしはきょうはいきますまい。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.046.m4a"},{"number":190,"id":"ja.dli.L052.w.047","source":"今日は 暑いです。","translation":"It's hot today.","reading":"きょうはあついです。","words":[{"text":"今日は暑いです。","gloss":"it is hot today","reading":"きょうはあついです。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L052.w.047.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":11,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\n1 Visual Cue\n\nOn a separate sheet you will find a family tree of Uchiyama Haruo.\n\n2 Talk about it.\n\nDescription of life situation A pays a visit to B. Students take turns playing both roles."},{"section":12,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Memorize the Dialogue and know the vocabulary.\n\n2 Study the Pattern Drill.\n\n3 Learn to read and write the new kanji.\n\n4 Read the Explanatory Notes.\n\n5 Use the Guide given for practice in free conversation."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"おっしゃる","gloss":"to say (honorific verb) (See Notes)"},{"word":"やり取りする","gloss":"to exchange, to give and receive"},{"word":"居なくては","gloss":"if I'm not around"},{"word":"行ってまいります","gloss":"I'll go (and return), goodbye (See Notes)"},{"word":"私は---まい","gloss":"I will not --- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"まいる","gloss":"to go, come (humble verb) (See Notes)"},{"word":"私は田中さんと手紙のやりとりをしています。","gloss":"\"I have been corresponding with Mr. Tanaka.\""},{"word":"いつも私が居なくては、困ります。","gloss":"\"There is always trouble if I am not around.\""},{"word":"一人で行ってまいります。","gloss":"\"I'll go by myself (and come back).\""},{"word":"私は今日は行きますまい。","gloss":"\"I won't go today.\""},{"word":"今日は暑いです。","gloss":"\"It's hot today.\""}],"paradigms":[]}]}