{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L057","title":"Lesson 57","stage":"Kanji and everyday Japanese","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 57: shopping for furniture · dialogue 1 of 3, browsing a department store · dialogue 2 of 3, visiting several furniture stores · dialogue 3 of 3, saying neither one nor another · perception drill, denying an assumed meaning · perception drill, explaining what something means · perception drill, neither objects nor qualities · pattern 1 1 of 2, neither plans nor conditions · pattern 1 2 of 2, denying a stated conclusion · pattern 2 1 of 2, correcting mistaken reasons · pattern 2 2 of 2, stating what something means · pattern 3 1 of 2, confirming what someone means · pattern 3 2 of 2, furnishing an empty japanese home · reading selection 1 of 2, shopping at tokyo department stores · reading selection 2 of 2, questions about furniture shopping · questions, furniture and meaning words · word list 1 of 4, shopping and accompanying expressions · word list 2 of 4, traditional and modern furnishings · word list 3 of 4, bedding and household furniture · word list 4 of 4.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/57","lines":160},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/56","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/58","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Shopping for furniture · Dialogue 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"An empty house needs furniture","paragraphs":["A couple has rented a Japanese-style house and wants to buy furniture. Their friend asks, *どんな 物が いるのですか*, \"What kind of things do you need?\"","The answer says, *いすも なければ 食たくも ないし*, \"We have neither a chair nor a dining table.\" The repeated *も* marks the two missing items."]},{"title":"A question ending","paragraphs":["In *どんな 物が いるのですか*, the particle *の* helps ask what things are needed. Interrogative *の* can ask a question like *か*.","The voice usually rises on interrogative *の*."]},{"title":"Kanji: 借, 具, 置","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 有","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L057.dlg.001","source":"今日は おそろいで 買物ですか。","translation":"Are you shopping together today?","reading":"きょうはおそろいでかいものですか。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"お","gloss":"together"},{"text":"そろい","gloss":"together"},{"text":"で","gloss":"together"},{"text":"買物","gloss":"shopping","reading":"かいもの"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L057.dlg.002","source":"実は 日本風の 家を 借りる 事にしたので、 家具を 買いたいと 思って。","translation":"The fact is that since we decided to rent a Japanese-style house, we thought we would buy furniture, so ----","reading":"じつはにほんふうのいえをかりることにしたので、かぐをかいたいとおもって。","words":[{"text":"実","gloss":"the fact","reading":"じつ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese style"},{"text":"風","gloss":"Japanese style"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"借りる","gloss":"rent","reading":"かりる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"decision","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"家具","gloss":"furniture","reading":"かぐ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"thought","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て。","gloss":"thought"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L057.dlg.003","source":"ああ、 そうですか。","translation":"Oh, is that right?","reading":"ああ、そうですか。","words":[{"text":"ああ、","gloss":"oh"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"right"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L057.dlg.004","source":"よい 家具屋を 御ぞんじですか。","translation":"Do you know a good furniture store?","reading":"よいかぐやをごぞんじですか。","words":[{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"家具","gloss":"furniture store","reading":"かぐ"},{"text":"屋","gloss":"furniture store","reading":"や"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"御","gloss":"know","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ぞんじ","gloss":"know"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L057.dlg.005","source":"どんな 物が いるのですか。","translation":"What kind of things do you need?","reading":"どんなものがいるのですか。","words":[{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"need"},{"text":"の","gloss":"that"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L057.dlg.006","source":"いすも なければ 食たくも ないし、 床の間の 置き物も なければ かけ物も ない 有様ですよ。","translation":"It is such that we have neither a chair nor eating table and furthermore, neither decorative articles nor hanging scrolls for the alcove.","reading":"いすもなければしょくたくもないし、とこのまのおきものもなければかけものもないありさまですよ。","words":[{"text":"いす","gloss":"chair"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not have"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"not have"},{"text":"食","gloss":"dining table","reading":"しょく"},{"text":"たく","gloss":"dining table"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not have"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"furthermore"},{"text":"床の間","gloss":"alcove"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"置き物","gloss":"decorative article"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not have"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"not have"},{"text":"かけ物","gloss":"hanging scroll"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not have"},{"text":"有様","gloss":"situation","reading":"ありさま"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"---MO NAKEREBA --- MO NAI\n\nThe sentence pattern A + MO NAKEREBA + B + MO NAI expresses the idea of 'there is neither A nor B' where A and B represent nouns.\n\nExamples:\n\nHON MO NAKEREBA ZASSHI MO NAI. \"There is neither a book nor a magazine.\"\n\nKAKEMONO MO NAKEREBA OKIMONO MO NAI. \"We have neither a hanging scroll nor a decorative article.\"\n\nKU-form of I-adjective + MO NAKEREBA + KU-form of I-adjective + MO NAI expresses the idea of \"It is neither --- nor ---.\"\n\nExamples:\n\nATSUKU MO NAKEREBA SAMUKU MO NAI. \"It is neither hot nor cold.\"\n\nHAYAKU MO NAKEREBA OSOKU MO NAI. \"It is neither early nor late.\"\n\nNoun + MO TABENAKEREBA + noun + MO TABENAI.\n\n\"I eat neither such-and-such nor such-and-such.\"\n\nExamples:\n\nWATAKUSHI WA SAKANA MO TABENAKEREBA NIKU MO TABENAI. \"I eat neither fish nor meat.\"\n\nHON MO YOMANAKEREBA ZASSHI MO YOMANAI. \"I read neither books nor magazines.\"\n\nNote:\n\nTo make the expression into past tense, just change the final adjective or the verb into past tense."},{"section":2,"text":"--TO IU NO DEWA ARIMASEN(NAI)\n\nFollowing the basic form of verbs both negative and affirmative, the basic form of I-adjectives, NA-adjectives, and pronouns, TO IU NO DEWA ARIMASEN expresses the idea of \"It doesn't mean that ---,\" or \"I don't mean that I do (or don't do) such-and-such,\" or \"It isn't that ---.\"\n\nExamples:\n\nIMA KAWANAKEREBA NARANAI TO IU NO DEWA ARIMASEN. \"It doesn't mean that I have to buy it now.\"\n\nIMA IKU TO IU NO DEWA NAI. \"It doesn't mean that I am going now.\"\n\nANATA TO IU NO DEWA ARIMASEN. \"I don't mean you.\"\n\nNIHONGO WA YASASHII TO IU NO DEWA ARIMASEN. \"It doesn't mean that Japanese is easy.\""},{"section":3,"text":"--TO IU WAKE\n\nFollowing the basic form of verbs and I-adjectives, NA-adjectives, and pronouns, TO IU WAKE means \"It means that ---,\" \"It means ---.\"\n\nExamples:\n\nMOO AITAKUNAI TO IU WAKE DESHOO. \"It probably means that he doesn't want to see you any more.\"\n\nANATA WA NAN DEMO TABERU TO IU WAKE DESU NE. \"It means that you eat anything, isn't that right?\"\n\nNIHONGO WA YASASHII TO IU WAKE DESU KA. \"Does it mean that Japanese is easy?\"\n\nIE NO NAKA WA KARA TO IU WAKE DESU. \"It means that the house is empty.\""},{"section":4,"text":"Emphatic NO\n\nThe particle NO is sometimes used by women in mild insistence. This NO is pronounced in a falling tone.\n\nKIREI DESU NO. \"It is pretty.\"\n\nSOO NAN DESU NO. \"It is so, you see.\"\n\nKYOO WA MIRU DAKE NI SHITEMO IIN DESU NO. \"We may just look today.\""},{"section":5,"text":"Interrogative NO\n\nThe particle NO is sometimes used as an interrogative particle just like KA. This NO is usually pronounced in a rising tone.\n\nExamples:\n\nDOKO E IKU NO. \"Where are you going?\"\n\nNANI O SHITERU NO. \"What are you doing?\"\n\nKYOO MACHI E IKU NO. \"Are you going to town today?\"\n\nNote:\n\nDepending on the intonation of NO, KYOO MACHI E IKU NO could mean \"I'm going to town today\" if NO falls and \"Are you going to town today\" if NO rises."},{"section":6,"text":"KOTATSU\n\nKOTATSU, a foot warmer, is constructed by cutting open a TATAMI and the boarded floor beneath it, making a space of about 1.5 feet to 3 feet square and lining it with stone or other materials to hold a sort of firebox which will contain ash and charcoal. Over this \"built-in\" hearth is put a\n\nwooden frame supported by four pillars, which is in turn covered with a large quilt. KOTATSU are convenient because at least four persons can sit in it with their feet on the boarded floor, as if sitting on chairs. During the warm seasons the wooden frame is removed and the opening is neatly covered with a small mat or lid made to fit it. However, electric and infrared lamp KOTATSU are found in many homes in present day Japan."},{"section":7,"text":"HIBACHI\n\nWhile foreign-style houses are heated with a stove or fireplace, the Japanese normally do not warm their houses. Strictly speaking, they have no heaters for their rooms. The HIBACHI (literally, fire-basin) or fire-brazier is the only heater provided in a Japanese room, but it is used more for warming the hands than the room itself. The HIBACHI looks cozy and it is considered to be typically home-like in Japan to have all members of a home seated around a big HIBACHI and talk while their hands are held over the live charcoals in it.\n\nHIBACHI come in various shapes--square, round, or oblong. Its materials may be wood, porcelain or bronze according to individual taste."},{"section":8,"text":"ZABUTON\n\nThe visitor in a Japanese-style room is generally asked to sit on a ZABUTON, a cushion about 2 feet square. In some cases the ZABUTON is offered after he has been shown into the room. The ZABUTON has seams on three sides and is so placed that he may sit on it with the knees facing the seamless side of it. In any case, it is the custom for the visitor to sit first either behind or beside the ZABUTON, and then sit on it when the host asks him to, saying \"DOOZO OSHIKI KUDASAI.\""}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"買物","gloss":"shopping"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"家具","gloss":"furniture, household goods"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ああ、","gloss":"Oh, yes"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"床の間","gloss":"alcove (See Cultural Notes)"},{"word":"置き物","gloss":"a decorative article"},{"word":"かけ物","gloss":"hanging scroll"},{"word":"有様","gloss":"condition, situation, appearance"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Browsing a department store · Dialogue 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"What the empty house means","paragraphs":["A friend concludes, *では 家の中は からだと言う 訳ですね*, \"Then, it means that your house is empty, doesn't it?\"","Later, *今買わなければ ならないと 言うのでは ないし* rejects the idea that they must buy everything now."]},{"title":"Mild insistence at the end","paragraphs":["In *そうなんですの*, a woman uses sentence-final *の* for mild insistence. The voice falls on this *の*.","*今日は 見るだけに してもいいんですの* means \"It is all right to look only today.\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 訳, 器","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L057.dlg.007","source":"では 家の中は からだと言う 訳ですね。","translation":"Then, it means that your house is empty, doesn't it?","reading":"ではいえのなかはからだというわけですね。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は","gloss":"then"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中","gloss":"inside","reading":"なか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"から","gloss":"empty"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L057.dlg.008","source":"そうなんですの。","translation":"You are so right.","reading":"そうなんですの。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"right"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の。","gloss":"you see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L057.dlg.009","source":"電気器具、 せと物、 時計などを 売る せんもんの 店も ありますが、 デパートへ 行けば 何でも 手に はいりますよ。","translation":"There are specialty shops that sell electric appliances, chinaware, clocks, and so on; but if you go to a department store, you can get anything there.","reading":"でんききぐ、せともの、とけいなどをうるせんもんのみせもありますが、デパートへいけばなんでもてにはいりますよ。","words":[{"text":"電気","gloss":"electric appliances","reading":"でんき"},{"text":"器具、","gloss":"electric appliances","reading":"きぐ"},{"text":"せ","gloss":"chinaware"},{"text":"と","gloss":"chinaware"},{"text":"物、","gloss":"chinaware","reading":"もの"},{"text":"時計","gloss":"clocks","reading":"とけい"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and so on"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"売る","gloss":"sell","reading":"うる"},{"text":"せんもん","gloss":"specialty"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"店","gloss":"shops","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"デパート","gloss":"department store"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行け","gloss":"go","reading":"いけ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"anything"},{"text":"も","gloss":"anything"},{"text":"手","gloss":"obtain","reading":"て"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"はいり","gloss":"obtain"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L057.dlg.010","source":"家具などは 私は 家内に まかせています。 私は ただ 家内に ついて 行って、 お金を はらうだけです。","translation":"For buying household furniture, I have left everything up to my wife. I merely tag along with my wife and pay the bill.","reading":"かぐなどはわたくしはかないにまかせています。わたくしはただかないについていって、おかねをはらうだけです。","words":[{"text":"家具","gloss":"furniture","reading":"かぐ"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and so on"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"家内","gloss":"my wife","reading":"かない"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"まかせ","gloss":"have left up to"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have left up to"},{"text":"い","gloss":"have left up to"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"have left up to"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ただ","gloss":"merely"},{"text":"家内","gloss":"my wife","reading":"かない"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"つい","gloss":"tag along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"tag along"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"tag along","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"tag along"},{"text":"お","gloss":"money"},{"text":"金","gloss":"money","reading":"かね"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はらう","gloss":"pay"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L057.dlg.011","source":"デパートへ 先に 行って 御らんなさいよ。","translation":"Go to a department store first and see.","reading":"デパートへさきにいってごらんなさいよ。","words":[{"text":"デパート","gloss":"department store"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"先","gloss":"first","reading":"さき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"first"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go"},{"text":"御","gloss":"try it","reading":"ご"},{"text":"らん","gloss":"try it"},{"text":"なさい","gloss":"please"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L057.dlg.012","source":"そうしましょうよ。 そこに 気に 入ったのが あれば、 そこで 買いますわ。 今買わなければ ならないと 言うのでは ないし、 今日は 見るだけに してもいいんですの。","translation":"Let's do that. I'll buy things there if I find things that I like. It isn't that I have to buy them now, so it's all right if we just look today.","reading":"そうしましょうよ。そこにきにはいったのがあれば、そこでかいますわ。いまかわなければならないというのではないし、きょうはみるだけにしてもいいんですの。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ましょう","gloss":"let's"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"気","gloss":"liked","reading":"き"},{"text":"に","gloss":"liked"},{"text":"入っ","gloss":"liked","reading":"はいっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"liked"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あれ","gloss":"there is"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"わ。","gloss":"you know"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"買わ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"look","reading":"みる"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"do"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"all right"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の。","gloss":"you know"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"電気","gloss":"electricity"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"せんもん","gloss":"specialty"},{"word":"店","gloss":"store, shop"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ただ","gloss":"merely"},{"word":"はらう","gloss":"to pay"},{"word":"だけ","gloss":"only, just (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ましょう","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"word":"わ。","gloss":"counter for birds (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"なら","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Visiting several furniture stores · Dialogue 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Three stores on the way home","paragraphs":["The shoppers decide that *二三げん 見て 歩く方が いいですよ*, \"You had better look around in two or three places.\"","They will visit Matsuya first, then Mitsukoshi and Matsuzakaya *帰りがけに*, \"on the way home.\" They then take their leave."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L057.dlg.013","source":"そうですよ。 二三げん 見て 歩く方が いいですよ。","translation":"That's right. You had better look around in two or three places.","reading":"そうですよ。にさんげんみてあるくほうがいいですよ。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"です","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"げん","gloss":"places"},{"text":"見","gloss":"look around","reading":"み"},{"text":"て","gloss":"look around"},{"text":"歩く","gloss":"look around","reading":"あるく"},{"text":"方","gloss":"way","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"better"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L057.dlg.014","source":"では、 まず まつ屋に 行って 見ますわ。 それから 帰りがけに みつこし、 まつざか屋に よって 見ましょう。","translation":"Well, then, we'll go to Matsuya first. And then, we'll drop in at Mitsukoshi and Matsuzakaya on our way home.","reading":"では、まずまつやにいってみますわ。それからかえりがけにみつこし、まつざかやによってみましょう。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"well then"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"well then"},{"text":"まず","gloss":"first"},{"text":"まつ","gloss":"Matsuya"},{"text":"屋","gloss":"Matsuya","reading":"や"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go"},{"text":"見","gloss":"try","reading":"み"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"わ。","gloss":"you know"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"and then"},{"text":"から","gloss":"and then"},{"text":"帰りがけ","gloss":"on the way home","reading":"かえりがけ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on the way home"},{"text":"みつ","gloss":"Mitsukoshi"},{"text":"こし、","gloss":"Mitsukoshi"},{"text":"まつ","gloss":"Matsuzakaya"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"Matsuzakaya"},{"text":"か","gloss":"Matsuzakaya"},{"text":"屋","gloss":"Matsuzakaya","reading":"や"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"drop in"},{"text":"て","gloss":"drop in"},{"text":"見","gloss":"try","reading":"み"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L057.dlg.015","source":"では 山田さん、 今日は これで しつれい いたします。","translation":"Well, then, Mr. Yamada, please excuse us today.","reading":"ではやまださん、きょうはこれでしつれいいたします。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"well then"},{"text":"は","gloss":"well then"},{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん、","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"しつれい","gloss":"excuse ourselves"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"do humbly"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L057.dlg.016","source":"では 御ゆっくり。 さよなら。","translation":"Well, enjoy yourselves. Goodbye.","reading":"ではごゆっくり。さよなら。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"well then"},{"text":"は","gloss":"well then"},{"text":"御","gloss":"enjoy yourselves","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ゆっくり。","gloss":"enjoy yourselves"},{"text":"さよなら。","gloss":"goodbye"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L057.dlg.017","source":"さよなら。","translation":"Goodbye.","reading":"さよなら。","words":[{"text":"さよなら。","gloss":"goodbye"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.dlg.017.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"は、","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"まず","gloss":"first, first of all"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ゆっくり。","gloss":"slowly; deliberately; leisurely"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying neither one nor another · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"Neither one noun nor another","paragraphs":["*新聞も なければ ざっしも ない* means \"There are neither newspapers nor magazines.\" Each noun takes *も*.","The first noun ends in *も なければ*. The second ends in *も ない*. Together they mean \"neither one nor the other.\""]},{"title":"Neither one quality nor another","paragraphs":["*暑くもなければ さむくもない* means \"It is neither hot nor cold.\"","With two I-adjectives, each adjective takes its KU-form before the two endings."]},{"title":"Neither one action nor another","paragraphs":["*あの人は ぶた肉も 食べなければ 牛肉も 食べない* means \"That person eats neither pork nor beef.\"","With actions, the first verb ends in *なければ* and the second in *ない*. For past time, only the final verb changes to past tense."]}],"lines":[{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp1.01","source":"えんぴつ もなければ 紙 もない。","translation":"There are neither pencils nor papers.","reading":"えんぴつもなければかみもない。","words":[{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencils"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"紙","gloss":"paper","reading":"かみ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"none"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp1.02","source":"暑くもなければ さむくもない。","translation":"It is neither hot nor cold.","reading":"あつくもなければさむくもない。","words":[{"text":"暑く","gloss":"hot","reading":"あつく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"さむく","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp1.03","source":"コーヒーも飲まなければ お茶も飲まない。","translation":"I drink neither coffee nor tea.","reading":"コーヒーものまなければおちゃものまない。","words":[{"text":"コーヒー","gloss":"coffee"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"飲ま","gloss":"drink","reading":"のま"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"お","gloss":"tea"},{"text":"茶","gloss":"tea","reading":"ちゃ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"飲ま","gloss":"drink","reading":"のま"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp1.04","source":"新聞も ざっしも ない。","translation":"There are neither newspapers nor magazines.","reading":"しんぶんもざっしもない。","words":[{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazines"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"none"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp1.05","source":"新聞も なければ ざっしも ない。","translation":"There are neither newspapers nor magazines.","reading":"しんぶんもなければざっしもない。","words":[{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazines"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"none"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp1.06","source":"私は 車も お金も ありません。","translation":"I have neither a car nor money.","reading":"わたくしはくるまもおかねもありません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"くるま"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"お","gloss":"money"},{"text":"金","gloss":"money","reading":"かね"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"do not have"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp1.07","source":"私は 車も なければ お金も ありません。","translation":"I have neither a car nor money.","reading":"わたくしはくるまもなければおかねもありません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"くるま"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"お","gloss":"money"},{"text":"金","gloss":"money","reading":"かね"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"do not have"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp1.08","source":"この家は 大きくも 小さくも ない。","translation":"This house is neither large nor small.","reading":"このいえはおおきくもちいさくもない。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大きく","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"小さく","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp1.09","source":"この家は 大きくも なければ 小さくも ない。","translation":"This house is neither large nor small.","reading":"このいえはおおきくもなければちいさくもない。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大きく","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"小さく","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp1.10","source":"あの人は ぶた肉も 牛肉も 食べない。","translation":"That person eats neither pork nor beef.","reading":"あのひとはぶたにくもぎゅうにくもたべない。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ぶた肉","gloss":"pork"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"牛肉","gloss":"beef","reading":"ぎゅうにく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp1.11","source":"あの人は ぶた肉も 食べなければ 牛肉も 食べない。","translation":"That person eats neither pork nor beef.","reading":"あのひとはぶたにくもたべなければぎゅうにくもたべない。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ぶた肉","gloss":"pork"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"牛肉","gloss":"beef","reading":"ぎゅうにく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp1.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"コーヒー","gloss":"coffee"},{"word":"車","gloss":"vehicle, car"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"ぶた肉","gloss":"pork"},{"word":"牛肉","gloss":"beef"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Denying an assumed meaning · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"Not what the speaker means","paragraphs":["*今買わなければならないと言うのではありません* means \"It doesn't mean that I have to buy it now.\"","The words before *と言うのではありません* state an interpretation. The ending rejects that interpretation."]},{"title":"The statement before the denial","paragraphs":["*と言うのではありません* follows the plain form of a verb, I-adjective, NA-adjective, or pronoun. It means \"It doesn't mean that\" or \"It isn't that.\"","In *きらいだと言うのではありませんが*, the rejected interpretation is \"I dislike it.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp2.01","source":"今買わなければならないと言うのではありません。","translation":"It doesn't mean that I have to buy it now.","reading":"いまかわなければならないというのではありません。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"買わ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp2.01.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp2.02","source":"あなたは さけを やめたそうですね。","translation":"I hear you have given up drinking.","reading":"あなたはさけをやめたそうですね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さけ","gloss":"alcohol"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やめ","gloss":"give up"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp2.02.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp2.03","source":"いいえ、 やめたと言うのでは ありません。 ただ あんまり 飲まない 事にしたのです。","translation":"No, it is not that I have given it up. I have just decided not to drink very much.","reading":"いいえ、やめたというのではありません。ただあんまりのまないことにしたのです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"やめ","gloss":"give up"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ただ","gloss":"just"},{"text":"あんまり","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"飲ま","gloss":"drink","reading":"のま"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"事","gloss":"decision","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"し","gloss":"decide"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp2.03.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp2.04","source":"これを 食べませんが、 きらいなんですか。","translation":"You are not eating this; do you dislike it?","reading":"これをたべませんが、きらいなんですか。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"きらい","gloss":"dislike"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp2.04.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp2.05","source":"きらいだと言うのではありませんが、 今 おなかが すいていないのです。","translation":"It is not that I dislike it; I am just not hungry now.","reading":"きらいだというのではありませんが、いまおなかがすいていないのです。","words":[{"text":"きらい","gloss":"dislike"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"おなか","gloss":"hungry"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"すい","gloss":"not hungry"},{"text":"て","gloss":"not hungry"},{"text":"い","gloss":"not hungry"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not hungry"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp2.05.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp2.06","source":"あなたは 日本語学校を そつぎょうしたのですから、 日本語が お上手でしょう。","translation":"Since you graduated from a Japanese language school, you must be good at Japanese.","reading":"あなたはにほんごがっこうをそつぎょうしたのですから、にほんごがおじょうずでしょう。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"そつぎょう","gloss":"graduate"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"お","gloss":"skilled"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"skilled","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp2.06.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp2.07","source":"そつぎょうしたのですが、 日本語で 何でも 話せると 言うのではありません。","translation":"I did graduate, but that does not mean I can say anything I want in Japanese.","reading":"そつぎょうしたのですが、にほんごでなんでもはなせるというのではありません。","words":[{"text":"そつぎょう","gloss":"graduate"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"anything"},{"text":"も","gloss":"anything"},{"text":"話せる","gloss":"can say","reading":"はなせる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp2.07.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp2.08","source":"新しい車を 買うそうですね。","translation":"I hear you are going to buy a new car.","reading":"あたらしいくるまをかうそうですね。","words":[{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"くるま"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp2.08.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp2.09","source":"ええ、 買うのですが、 今すぐ 買うと 言うのでは ありません。","translation":"Yes, I am going to buy one, but that does not mean I am going to buy it right away.","reading":"ええ、かうのですが、いますぐかうというのではありません。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"right away"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp2.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"きらい","gloss":"dislike (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"おなか","gloss":"stomach"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"上手","gloss":"skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"話せる","gloss":"to be able to speak"},{"word":"買う","gloss":"to buy"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"すぐ","gloss":"right away, immediately"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Explaining what something means · Perception drill, Block 3","teaching":[{"title":"What a fact means","paragraphs":["*家の中は からだと言う訳です* means \"It means that the house is empty.\"","The statement before *と言う訳です* supplies the meaning or conclusion."]},{"title":"A conclusion after a reason","paragraphs":["*と言う訳です* follows the plain form of a verb, I-adjective, NA-adjective, or pronoun. It means \"It means that.\"","*あの人は 病気を しないから、 体が じょうぶだと言う訳です* concludes that the person is healthy because he never gets sick."]}],"lines":[{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp3.01","source":"家の中は からだと言う訳です。","translation":"It means that the house is empty.","reading":"いえのなかはからだというわけです。","words":[{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中","gloss":"inside","reading":"なか"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"から","gloss":"empty"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp3.01.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp3.02","source":"日本語は むずかしいと言う訳です。","translation":"It means that Japanese is difficult.","reading":"にほんごはむずかしいというわけです。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp3.02.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp3.03","source":"そんな事を されると 困ると言う訳です。","translation":"It means that I'll be embarrassed if somebody does such a thing to me.","reading":"そんなことをされるとこまるというわけです。","words":[{"text":"そんな","gloss":"such"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"be done"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"be done"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"困る","gloss":"be troubled","reading":"こまる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp3.03.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp3.04","source":"あの人は 病気を しないから、 体が じょうぶだと言う訳です。","translation":"That person never gets sick, so that means he is healthy.","reading":"あのひとはびょうきをしないから、からだがじょうぶだというわけです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"get"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"体","gloss":"body","reading":"からだ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"じょうぶ","gloss":"healthy"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp3.04.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp3.05","source":"あの生徒は 勉強しないから、 出来ないと言う訳です。","translation":"That student does not study, so that is why he cannot do it.","reading":"あのせいとはべんきょうしないから、できないというわけです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can do","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"reason","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp3.05.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp3.06","source":"語学は おもしろくないから、 勉強しないと言う訳です。","translation":"So you do not study languages because they are not interesting.","reading":"ごがくはおもしろくないから、べんきょうしないというわけです。","words":[{"text":"語学","gloss":"language study","reading":"ごがく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おもしろく","gloss":"interesting"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"reason","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp3.06.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp3.07","source":"いいえ、 そう言う訳では ありません。","translation":"No, that is not the reason.","reading":"いいえ、そういうわけではありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"that"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"reason","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp3.07.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp3.08","source":"よく食べるから ふとると言う訳ではない。","translation":"Eating a lot does not necessarily mean you will gain weight.","reading":"よくたべるからふとるというわけではない。","words":[{"text":"よく","gloss":"a lot"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ふとる","gloss":"gain weight"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"necessarily means","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp3.08.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L057.gp3.09","source":"子供を つれて 日本へ 行きたいと言う訳ではない。","translation":"It is not that I want to take the children with me to Japan.","reading":"こどもをつれてにほんへいきたいというわけではない。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.gp3.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"word":"れる","gloss":"to be able to --\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"体","gloss":"body, health"},{"word":"語学","gloss":"language study"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"ふとる","gloss":"to become stout (v.i.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Neither objects nor qualities · Pattern 1 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Three uses of neither nor","paragraphs":["*本もなければ ざっしもない* means \"There are neither books nor magazines.\" The same pattern appears with qualities and actions.","*大きくも なければ 小さくもない* means \"It is neither big nor small.\"","*私は さかなも食べなければ 肉も食べない* means \"I eat neither fish nor meat.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt1.01","source":"本もなければ ざっしもない。","translation":"There are neither books nor magazines.","reading":"ほんもなければざっしもない。","words":[{"text":"本","gloss":"books","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazines"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"none"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt1.02","source":"大きくも なければ 小さくもない。","translation":"It is neither big nor small.","reading":"おおきくもなければちいさくもない。","words":[{"text":"大きく","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"小さく","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt1.03","source":"私は さかなも食べなければ 肉も食べない。","translation":"I eat neither fish nor meat.","reading":"わたくしはさかなもたべなければにくもたべない。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"肉","gloss":"meat","reading":"にく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt1.04","source":"この へやには いすも なければ つくえも ない。","translation":"There is neither a chair nor a desk in this room.","reading":"このへやにはいすもなければつくえもない。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"へや","gloss":"room"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いす","gloss":"chair"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"つくえ","gloss":"desk"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"none"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt1.05","source":"この 家には ガレージも なければ カーポートも ない。","translation":"This house has neither a garage nor a carport.","reading":"このいえにはガレージもなければカーポートもない。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ガレージ","gloss":"garage"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"カーポート","gloss":"carport"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"none"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt1.06","source":"モンテレーは さむくも なければ 暑くも ない。","translation":"Monterey is neither cold nor hot.","reading":"モンテレーはさむくもなければあつくもない。","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さむく","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"暑く","gloss":"hot","reading":"あつく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt1.07","source":"この車は 高くも なければ あまり 安くも ない。","translation":"This car is neither expensive nor very cheap.","reading":"このくるまはたかくもなければあまりやすくもない。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"くるま"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"高く","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very"},{"text":"安く","gloss":"cheap","reading":"やすく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt1.08","source":"あの人は 日本語も 出来なければ 英語も 出来ない。","translation":"That person knows neither Japanese nor English.","reading":"あのひとはにほんごもできなければえいごもできない。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"know","reading":"でき"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"know","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt1.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"本","gloss":"numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)"},{"word":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"word":"肉","gloss":"meat, flesh"},{"word":"へや","gloss":"room"},{"word":"ガレージ","gloss":"garage"},{"word":"カーポート","gloss":"carport"},{"word":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Neither plans nor conditions · Pattern 1 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Neither nor as a reason","paragraphs":["*車も なければ お金も ないので、 参りません* means \"I am not going, because I have neither a car nor money.\"","Here, the *もなければ* and *もない* pattern supplies the reason for not going."]},{"title":"Neither nor in descriptions","paragraphs":["*暑くも なければ さむくも ないし* describes a day as \"neither hot nor cold.\"","*おなかも すいていなければ、 のども かわいていない* means the speaker is neither hungry nor thirsty."]}],"lines":[{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt1.09","source":"スミスさんは しばいにも 行かなければ 映画にも 行かない。","translation":"Mr. Smith goes neither to plays nor to movies.","reading":"スミスさんはしばいにもいかなければえいがにもいかない。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"しばい","gloss":"plays"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movies","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt1.10","source":"今週 まつ サンフランシスコへ あそびに いらっしゃいますか。","translation":"Are you going to San Francisco for pleasure this weekend?","reading":"こんしゅうまつサンフランシスコへあそびにいらっしゃいますか。","words":[{"text":"今週","gloss":"this week","reading":"こんしゅう"},{"text":"まつ","gloss":"weekend"},{"text":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"for pleasure"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"いらっしゃい","gloss":"go"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt1.11","source":"いいえ、 車も なければ お金も ないので、 参りません。","translation":"No, I am not going, because I have neither a car nor money.","reading":"いいえ、くるまもなければおかねもないので、まいりません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"くるま"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"お","gloss":"money"},{"text":"金","gloss":"money","reading":"かね"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"none"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"参り","gloss":"go","reading":"まいり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt1.12","source":"昨日は 本とうに いい お天気でしたね。","translation":"The weather was really nice yesterday, wasn’t it?","reading":"きのうはほんとうにいいおてんきでしたね。","words":[{"text":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday","reading":"きのう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"本","gloss":"really","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"とう","gloss":"really"},{"text":"に","gloss":"really"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"お","gloss":"weather"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt1.13","source":"ええ、 暑くも なければ さむくも ないし、 大変 いい 日でした。","translation":"Yes, it was neither hot nor cold, and it was a very pleasant day.","reading":"ええ、あつくもなければさむくもないし、たいへんいいひでした。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"暑く","gloss":"hot","reading":"あつく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"さむく","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"pleasant"},{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt1.14","source":"何か 食べませんか。","translation":"Would you like something to eat?","reading":"なにかたべませんか。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"か","gloss":"something"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt1.15","source":"今 おなかも すいていなければ、 のども かわいていないから、 何も ほしくは ありません。","translation":"I am neither hungry nor thirsty now, so I do not want anything.","reading":"いまおなかもすいていなければ、のどもかわいていないから、なにもほしくはありません。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"おなか","gloss":"stomach"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"すい","gloss":"hungry"},{"text":"て","gloss":"hungry"},{"text":"い","gloss":"hungry"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"のど","gloss":"throat"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"かわい","gloss":"thirsty"},{"text":"て","gloss":"thirsty"},{"text":"い","gloss":"thirsty"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なに"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ほしく","gloss":"want"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt1.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"しばい","gloss":"play, drama"},{"word":"映画","gloss":"movie"},{"word":"今週","gloss":"this week"},{"word":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday"},{"word":"天気","gloss":"weather"},{"word":"し、","gloss":"city"},{"word":"のど","gloss":"throat"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Denying a stated conclusion · Pattern 2 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A conclusion rejected","paragraphs":["*今行くと言うのでは ありません* means \"It doesn't mean that I am going now.\" The ending rejects the conclusion stated before it.","*今すぐしなければ ならないと 言うのでは ありません* rejects an obligation to act immediately.","*ちっとも 聞こえないと 言うのでは ありません* rejects the conclusion that the speaker cannot hear at all."]}],"lines":[{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt2.01","source":"今行くと言うのでは ありません。","translation":"It doesn't mean that I am going now.","reading":"いまいくというのではありません。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"meaning"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt2.02","source":"それが 悪いと言うのでは ありません。","translation":"It doesn't mean that that is bad.","reading":"それがわるいというのではありません。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"meaning"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt2.03","source":"今すぐしなければ ならないと 言うのでは ありません。","translation":"It is not that you have to do it right away.","reading":"いますぐしなければならないというのではありません。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"right away"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"meaning"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt2.04","source":"私は 耳が 遠いけれど、 ちっとも 聞こえないと 言うのでは ありません。","translation":"I am hard of hearing, but that does not mean I cannot hear at all.","reading":"わたくしはみみがとおいけれど、ちっともきこえないというのではありません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"hearing","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"遠い","gloss":"poor","reading":"とおい"},{"text":"けれど、","gloss":"although"},{"text":"ちっとも","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"聞こえ","gloss":"hear","reading":"きこえ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"meaning"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt2.05","source":"行きたくないと 言うのでは ありません。","translation":"It is not that I do not want to go.","reading":"いきたくないというのではありません。","words":[{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"たく","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"meaning"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt2.05.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt2.06","source":"それは 高いと 言いますが、 私は 買わないと 言うのでは ありません。","translation":"They say it is expensive, but that does not mean I will not buy it.","reading":"それはたかいといいますが、わたくしはかわないというのではありません。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"it"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"say","reading":"いい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"買わ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"meaning"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt2.07","source":"おもしろくないから 学校を やめると 言うのではない。","translation":"It is not that I am quitting school because it is not interesting.","reading":"おもしろくないからがっこうをやめるというのではない。","words":[{"text":"おもしろく","gloss":"interesting"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やめる","gloss":"quit"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"meaning"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt2.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"遠い","gloss":"far"},{"word":"ちっとも","gloss":"not even a little (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"やめる","gloss":"to quit"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Correcting mistaken reasons · Pattern 2 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The rejected reason comes first","paragraphs":["*きらいだから 食べないと 言うのでは ありません* means \"It is not that I do not eat it because I dislike it.\"","*まずいから 食べないと 言うのではないよ* rejects bad taste as the reason. *きらいだから 食べないんだ* then gives dislike as the actual reason.","*頭が 悪いから 出来ないと 言うのでは ありません* rejects lack of intelligence. The next sentence gives lack of study as the reason."]}],"lines":[{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt2.08","source":"きらいだから 食べないと 言うのでは ありません。","translation":"It is not that I do not eat it because I dislike it.","reading":"きらいだからたべないというのではありません。","words":[{"text":"きらい","gloss":"dislike"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"meaning"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt2.09","source":"まずいから これを 食べないのですか。","translation":"Are you not eating this because it tastes bad?","reading":"まずいからこれをたべないのですか。","words":[{"text":"まずい","gloss":"tastes bad"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"reason"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt2.10","source":"いいえ、 まずいから 食べないと 言うのではないよ。 きらいだから 食べないんだ。","translation":"No, it is not that I am not eating it because it tastes bad. I am not eating it because I dislike it.","reading":"いいえ、まずいからたべないというのではないよ。きらいだからたべないんだ。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"まずい","gloss":"tastes bad"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"meaning"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"きらい","gloss":"dislike"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"reason"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt2.11","source":"奥さんを つれて 行きたくないのですか。","translation":"Do you not want to take your wife with you?","reading":"おくさんをつれていきたくないのですか。","words":[{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"たく","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"reason"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt2.11.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt2.12","source":"つれて 行きたくないと 言うのでは ないんだが、 家内は いそがしくて 行けないんだ。","translation":"It is not that I do not want to take her, but my wife is busy and cannot go.","reading":"つれていきたくないというのではないんだが、かないはいそがしくていけないんだ。","words":[{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"たく","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"meaning"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"reason"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"家内","gloss":"wife","reading":"かない"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いそがしく","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"行け","gloss":"can go","reading":"いけ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"reason"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt2.12.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt2.13","source":"あの生徒は 日本語が 出来ませんが、 頭が 悪いのですか。","translation":"That student cannot speak Japanese; is it because he is not very bright?","reading":"あのせいとはにほんごができませんが、あたまがわるいのですか。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can speak","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"頭","gloss":"intelligence","reading":"あたま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"poor","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"reason"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt2.13.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt2.14","source":"いいえ、 頭が 悪いから 出来ないと 言うのでは ありません。 勉強しないから、 出来ないのです。","translation":"No, it is not that he cannot speak it because he is not very bright. He cannot speak it because he does not study.","reading":"いいえ、あたまがわるいからできないというのではありません。べんきょうしないから、できないのです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"頭","gloss":"intelligence","reading":"あたま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"poor","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can speak","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"meaning"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can speak","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"reason"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt2.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"まずい","gloss":"poor, tasteless"},{"word":"頭","gloss":"head, mind"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Stating what something means · Pattern 3 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A conclusion from a condition","paragraphs":["*勉強すれば 上手に なると言う訳です* means \"It means that you become good if you study.\"","The statement before *と言う訳です* supplies the meaning or conclusion."]},{"title":"Preferences and general claims","paragraphs":["*勉強は きらいだと言う訳です* concludes that someone dislikes studying.","*やさいなら 何でも 食べると言う訳です* means \"That means you eat any kind of vegetable.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt3.01","source":"勉強すれば 上手に なると言う訳です。","translation":"It means that you become good if you study.","reading":"べんきょうすればじょうずになるというわけです。","words":[{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"skilled","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"に","gloss":"become"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt3.01.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt3.02","source":"勉強しなくても いいと言う訳です。","translation":"It means that you don't have to study.","reading":"べんきょうしなくてもいいというわけです。","words":[{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"okay"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt3.02.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt3.03","source":"勉強は きらいだと言う訳です。","translation":"It means that he dislikes studying.","reading":"べんきょうはきらいだというわけです。","words":[{"text":"勉強","gloss":"studying","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きらい","gloss":"dislike"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt3.03.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt3.04","source":"あしの 長い人は 歩くのが 早いと言う訳です。","translation":"That means people with long legs walk fast.","reading":"あしのながいひとはあるくのがはやいというわけです。","words":[{"text":"あし","gloss":"legs"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"長い","gloss":"long","reading":"ながい"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"歩く","gloss":"walk","reading":"あるく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"早い","gloss":"fast","reading":"はやい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt3.04.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt3.05","source":"話す事が 一番 大切だと言う訳です。","translation":"That means speaking is the most important thing.","reading":"はなすことがいちばんたいせつだというわけです。","words":[{"text":"話す","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなす"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"大切","gloss":"important","reading":"たいせつ"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt3.05.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt3.06","source":"早く ねなくても いいと言う訳です。","translation":"That means you do not have to go to bed early.","reading":"はやくねなくてもいいというわけです。","words":[{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"ね","gloss":"go to bed"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"okay"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt3.06.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt3.07","source":"やさいなら 何でも 食べると言う訳です。","translation":"That means you eat any kind of vegetable.","reading":"やさいならなんでもたべるというわけです。","words":[{"text":"やさい","gloss":"vegetables"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"if"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"any"},{"text":"も","gloss":"any"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt3.07.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt3.08","source":"たばこは 体に 悪いと言う訳です。","translation":"That means tobacco is bad for your health.","reading":"たばこはからだにわるいというわけです。","words":[{"text":"たばこ","gloss":"tobacco"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"体","gloss":"health","reading":"からだ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt3.08.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt3.09","source":"あなたは あまり 日本語を 勉強しないが、 日本語は やさしいと言う訳ですか。","translation":"You do not study Japanese very much; does that mean Japanese is easy?","reading":"あなたはあまりにほんごをべんきょうしないが、にほんごはやさしいというわけですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt3.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"一番","gloss":"number one (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ね","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"やさい","gloss":"vegetable"},{"word":"たばこ","gloss":"tobacco, cigarette"},{"word":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Confirming what someone means · Pattern 3 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Checking an inferred meaning","paragraphs":["*日本風の 家が 気に 入ったと言う訳ですね* means \"So that means you liked the Japanese-style house, doesn't it?\"","With *ですね* or *ですか*, *と言う訳* checks whether an inferred meaning is correct.","*きまりが 悪いと言う訳ですか* asks whether embarrassment is the reason for avoiding the subject."]}],"lines":[{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt3.10","source":"いいえ、 やさしいと言う訳では ありません。 勉強が きらいなんです。","translation":"No, it does not mean it is easy. I dislike studying.","reading":"いいえ、やさしいというわけではありません。べんきょうがきらいなんです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"studying","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"きらい","gloss":"dislike"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"reason"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt3.10.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt3.11","source":"この仕事は 男の人に たのみたいのですが。","translation":"I would like to ask a man to do this job.","reading":"このしごとはおとこのひとにたのみたいのですが。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"job","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"男","gloss":"man","reading":"おとこ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"man"},{"text":"人","gloss":"man","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"たのみ","gloss":"ask"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"の","gloss":"reason"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が。","gloss":"but"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt3.11.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt3.12","source":"そうですか。 女の人には むりだと言う訳ですね。","translation":"I see. So you mean it is too difficult for a woman.","reading":"そうですか。おんなのひとにはむりだというわけですね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"女","gloss":"woman","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"の","gloss":"woman"},{"text":"人","gloss":"woman","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むり","gloss":"too difficult"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt3.12.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt3.13","source":"ええ、 まあ そうですね。","translation":"Yes, I suppose so.","reading":"ええ、まあそうですね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"まあ","gloss":"well"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt3.13.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt3.14","source":"これは 女の人の 前では 話したくないのです。","translation":"I do not want to talk about this in front of women.","reading":"これはおんなのひとのまえでははなしたくないのです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"女","gloss":"women","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"の","gloss":"women"},{"text":"人","gloss":"women","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"前","gloss":"front","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"talk","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"たく","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"reason"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt3.14.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt3.15","source":"女の人の 前で 話すのは、 きまりが 悪いと言う訳ですか。","translation":"Do you mean you feel embarrassed talking about it in front of women?","reading":"おんなのひとのまえではなすのは、きまりがわるいというわけですか。","words":[{"text":"女","gloss":"women","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"の","gloss":"women"},{"text":"人","gloss":"women","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"前","gloss":"front","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"話す","gloss":"talk","reading":"はなす"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きまり","gloss":"embarrassed"},{"text":"が","gloss":"embarrassed"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"embarrassed","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt3.15.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt3.16","source":"そうなんです。","translation":"That is right.","reading":"そうなんです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"な","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"that is right"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt3.16.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt3.17","source":"スミスさんは 日本風の 家を 買う事にした そうです。","translation":"I hear Mr. Smith has decided to buy a Japanese-style house.","reading":"スミスさんはにほんふうのいえをかうことにしたそうです。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese-style"},{"text":"風","gloss":"Japanese-style"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"事","gloss":"decision","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt3.17.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L057.pt3.18","source":"日本風の 家が 気に 入ったと言う訳ですね。","translation":"So that means you liked the Japanese-style house, doesn't it?","reading":"にほんふうのいえがきにはいったというわけですね。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese-style"},{"text":"風","gloss":"Japanese-style"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"気","gloss":"like","reading":"き"},{"text":"に","gloss":"like"},{"text":"入っ","gloss":"like","reading":"はいっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.pt3.18.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"男","gloss":"male"},{"word":"女","gloss":"female"},{"word":"まあ","gloss":"Well! Oh, my!"},{"word":"前","gloss":"before, front"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Furnishing an empty Japanese home · Reading Selection 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Furniture for an empty home","paragraphs":["The passage names furniture used in a Japanese-style house, including *食たく*, *たんす*, *洋服だんす*, and *ひばち*.","The Clarks' house is empty. The *もなければ* and *もない* pattern in *食たくもなければひばちもない* says what it lacks."]},{"title":"The fire basin","paragraphs":["A *ひばち* is a brazier and the only heater provided in a Japanese room. It warms the hands more than the room.","A family can gather around a large *ひばち* and warm their hands over live charcoal. Its shape can be square, round, or oblong.","A *ひばち* can be made of wood, porcelain, or bronze."]}],"lines":[{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L057.rd.001","source":"日本風の家で使っている家具には食たく、たんす、洋服だんす、ひばちなどがあります。","translation":"Furniture used in a Japanese-style house includes dining tables, chests of drawers, wardrobes, braziers, and so on.","reading":"にほんふうのいえでつかっているかぐにはしょくたく、たんす、ようふくだんす、ひばちなどがあります。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese-style"},{"text":"風","gloss":"Japanese-style"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"使っ","gloss":"used","reading":"つかっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"used"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"used"},{"text":"家具","gloss":"furniture","reading":"かぐ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"食","gloss":"dining table","reading":"しょく"},{"text":"たく、","gloss":"dining table"},{"text":"たんす、","gloss":"chest of drawers"},{"text":"洋服","gloss":"wardrobe","reading":"ようふく"},{"text":"だんす、","gloss":"wardrobe"},{"text":"ひ","gloss":"brazier"},{"text":"ばち","gloss":"brazier"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and so on"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L057.rd.002","source":"この頃では、ソファー、ひじかけいすなどを使っている家も沢山あります。","translation":"These days, there are also many homes that use sofas, armchairs, and the like.","reading":"このごろでは、ソファー、ひじかけいすなどをつかっているいえもたくさんあります。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"these days","reading":"ごろ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ソファー、","gloss":"sofas"},{"text":"ひじかけ","gloss":"armchair"},{"text":"いす","gloss":"armchair"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and so on"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"使っ","gloss":"use","reading":"つかっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"use"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"use"},{"text":"家","gloss":"homes","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L057.rd.003","source":"又日本風の家には床の間がありますから、床の間にかけるかけ物や置き物もいります。","translation":"Also, since a Japanese-style house has an alcove, you need hanging scrolls and ornaments for it.","reading":"またにほんふうのいえにはとこのまがありますから、とこのまにかけるかけものやおきものもいります。","words":[{"text":"又","gloss":"also"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese-style"},{"text":"風","gloss":"Japanese-style"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"床の間","gloss":"alcove"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"床の間","gloss":"alcove"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"かける","gloss":"hang"},{"text":"かけ物","gloss":"hanging scrolls"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"置き物","gloss":"ornaments"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いり","gloss":"need"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L057.rd.004","source":"クラークふさいは日本風の家を一けん借りる事にしましたが、借りた家は中がからで、食たくもなければひばちもないと言う有様でした。","translation":"Mr. and Mrs. Clark decided to rent a Japanese-style house, but the house they rented was empty inside, without even a dining table or a brazier.","reading":"クラークふさいはにほんふうのいえをいっけんかりることにしましたが、かりたいえはなかがからで、しょくたくもなければひばちもないというありさまでした。","words":[{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"ふさい","gloss":"Mr. and Mrs."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese-style"},{"text":"風","gloss":"Japanese-style"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"けん","gloss":"house"},{"text":"借りる","gloss":"rent","reading":"かりる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"decision","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"借り","gloss":"rent","reading":"かり"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"中","gloss":"inside","reading":"なか"},{"text":"がから","gloss":"empty"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"was"},{"text":"食","gloss":"dining table","reading":"しょく"},{"text":"たく","gloss":"dining table"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"ひ","gloss":"brazier"},{"text":"ばち","gloss":"brazier"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"有様","gloss":"condition","reading":"ありさま"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L057.rd.005","source":"それで、家具は一さい買わなければなりませんでした。","translation":"So they had to buy all their furniture.","reading":"それで、かぐはいっさいかわなければなりませんでした。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"so"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"so"},{"text":"家具","gloss":"furniture","reading":"かぐ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一","gloss":"all","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"さい","gloss":"all"},{"text":"買わ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.rd.005.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"たんす、","gloss":"chest of drawers"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"頃","gloss":"approximate point of time (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ソファー、","gloss":"sofa"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ふさい","gloss":"Mr. and Mrs."},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"けん","gloss":"numerical counter for houses (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Shopping at Tokyo department stores · Reading Selection 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Many goods in one place","paragraphs":["Tokyo has specialty stores for electrical appliances, chinaware, clocks, and similar goods. Its many department stores usually offer almost anything the couple needs.","The Clarks first visit Matsuya to look at various goods. They plan to visit Mitsukoshi and Matsuzakaya *帰りがけに*, \"on their way home.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L057.rd.006","source":"電気器具、せと物、時計などを","translation":"Electrical appliances, chinaware, clocks, and so on.","reading":"でんききぐ、せともの、とけいなどを","words":[{"text":"電気","gloss":"electrical appliances","reading":"でんき"},{"text":"器具、","gloss":"electrical appliances","reading":"きぐ"},{"text":"せ","gloss":"chinaware"},{"text":"と","gloss":"chinaware"},{"text":"物、","gloss":"chinaware","reading":"もの"},{"text":"時計","gloss":"clocks","reading":"とけい"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and so on"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L057.rd.007","source":"売るせんもんの店もありますが、とうきょうにはデパートが沢山ありますから、そこへ行けば大抵何でも手にはいります。","translation":"There are specialty stores that sell them, but since there are many department stores in Tokyo, you can usually get almost anything if you go to one.","reading":"うるせんもんのみせもありますが、とうきょうにはデパートがたくさんありますから、そこへいけばたいていなんでもてにはいります。","words":[{"text":"売る","gloss":"sell","reading":"うる"},{"text":"せんもん","gloss":"specialty"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"店","gloss":"stores","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"とうきょう","gloss":"Tokyo"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"デパート","gloss":"department stores"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"そこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行け","gloss":"go","reading":"いけ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"any"},{"text":"も","gloss":"any"},{"text":"手","gloss":"obtain","reading":"て"},{"text":"に","gloss":"obtain"},{"text":"はいり","gloss":"obtain"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L057.rd.008","source":"クラークふさいもまず まつ屋 デパートに行って、色々の物を見て歩く事にしました。","translation":"Mr. and Mrs. Clark decided to go first to the Matsuya department store and look around at various things.","reading":"クラークふさいもまずまつやデパートにいって、いろいろのものをみてあるくことにしました。","words":[{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"ふさい","gloss":"Mr. and Mrs."},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"まず","gloss":"first"},{"text":"まつ","gloss":"Matsuya"},{"text":"屋","gloss":"Matsuya","reading":"や"},{"text":"デパート","gloss":"department store"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"色々","gloss":"various","reading":"いろいろ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"look around","reading":"み"},{"text":"て","gloss":"look around"},{"text":"歩く","gloss":"look around","reading":"あるく"},{"text":"事","gloss":"decision","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L057.rd.009","source":"それから帰りがけに、みつこし、まつざか屋へ行って見る事にしました。","translation":"Then, on their way home, they decided to try going to Mitsukoshi and Matsuzakaya.","reading":"それからかえりがけに、みつこし、まつざかやへいってみることにしました。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"then"},{"text":"から","gloss":"then"},{"text":"帰りがけ","gloss":"way home","reading":"かえりがけ"},{"text":"に、","gloss":"on"},{"text":"みつこ","gloss":"Mitsukoshi"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"Mitsukoshi"},{"text":"まつ","gloss":"Matsuzakaya"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"Matsuzakaya"},{"text":"か","gloss":"Matsuzakaya"},{"text":"屋","gloss":"Matsuzakaya","reading":"や"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"try going","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"try going"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"try going","reading":"みる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"decision","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.rd.009.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Questions about furniture shopping · Questions","teaching":[{"title":"The house and the shopping plan","paragraphs":["The questions ask what belongs in a Japanese-style house, what the Clarks found there, and where they plan to shop.","*日本風の 家で 使っている 家具には どんな物が ありますか* means \"What kinds of furniture are used in a Japanese-style house?\"","An answer names items from the passage, such as dining tables, chests of drawers, wardrobes, and braziers."]}],"lines":[{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L057.q.001","source":"日本風の 家で 使っている 家具には どんな物が ありますか。","translation":"What kinds of furniture are used in a Japanese-style house?","reading":"にほんふうのいえでつかっているかぐにはどんなものがありますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese-style"},{"text":"風","gloss":"Japanese-style"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"使っ","gloss":"use","reading":"つかっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"use"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"use"},{"text":"家具","gloss":"furniture","reading":"かぐ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.q.001.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L057.q.002","source":"ソファーや ひじかけいすなどを 使っている 家が ありますか。","translation":"Are there homes that use sofas, armchairs, and the like?","reading":"ソファーやひじかけいすなどをつかっているいえがありますか。","words":[{"text":"ソファー","gloss":"sofas"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ひじかけ","gloss":"armchairs"},{"text":"いす","gloss":"armchairs"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and so on"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"使っ","gloss":"use","reading":"つかっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"use"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"use"},{"text":"家","gloss":"homes","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.q.002.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L057.q.003","source":"床の間には どんな物を 置いたり、 かけたり しますか。","translation":"What kinds of things do people put or hang in the alcove?","reading":"とこのまにはどんなものをおいたり、かけたりしますか。","words":[{"text":"床の間","gloss":"alcove"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"置い","gloss":"put","reading":"おい"},{"text":"たり、","gloss":"things like"},{"text":"かけ","gloss":"hang"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"things like"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.q.003.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L057.q.004","source":"クラークふさいは どんな 家を 借りる 事に しましたか。","translation":"What kind of house did Mr. and Mrs. Clark decide to rent?","reading":"クラークふさいはどんないえをかりることにしましたか。","words":[{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"ふさい","gloss":"Mr. and Mrs."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"借りる","gloss":"rent","reading":"かりる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"decision","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.q.004.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L057.q.005","source":"借りた 家には 家具は 一さい ありましたか。","translation":"Was there any furniture at all in the house they rented?","reading":"かりたいえにはかぐはいっさいありましたか。","words":[{"text":"借り","gloss":"rent","reading":"かり"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"家具","gloss":"furniture","reading":"かぐ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一","gloss":"any","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"さい","gloss":"any"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.q.005.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L057.q.006","source":"どんな 有様でしたか。","translation":"What condition was it in?","reading":"どんなありさまでしたか。","words":[{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"有様","gloss":"condition","reading":"ありさま"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.q.006.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L057.q.007","source":"とうきょうには 電気器具 せんもんの 店が ありますか。","translation":"Are there stores in Tokyo that specialize in electrical appliances?","reading":"とうきょうにはでんききぐせんもんのみせがありますか。","words":[{"text":"とうきょう","gloss":"Tokyo"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"電気","gloss":"electrical appliances","reading":"でんき"},{"text":"器具","gloss":"electrical appliances","reading":"きぐ"},{"text":"せんもん","gloss":"specializing"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"店","gloss":"stores","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.q.007.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L057.q.008","source":"クラークふさいは まず どこへ 行く 事に しましたか。","translation":"Where did Mr. and Mrs. Clark decide to go first?","reading":"クラークふさいはまずどこへいくことにしましたか。","words":[{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"ふさい","gloss":"couple"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まず","gloss":"first"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"事","gloss":"the act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.q.008.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L057.q.009","source":"なぜ デパートへ 行く 事に しましたか。","translation":"Why did they decide to go to a department store?","reading":"なぜデパートへいくことにしましたか。","words":[{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"デパート","gloss":"department store"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"事","gloss":"the act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.q.009.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L057.q.010","source":"どの デパートへ 行く 事に しましたか。","translation":"Which department stores did they decide to go to?","reading":"どのデパートへいくことにしましたか。","words":[{"text":"どの","gloss":"which"},{"text":"デパート","gloss":"department stores"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"事","gloss":"the act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.q.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ソファー","gloss":"sofa"},{"word":"なぜ","gloss":"why?"},{"word":"どの","gloss":"which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Furniture and meaning words · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Furniture and an empty condition","paragraphs":["The entries cover furniture, an empty condition, and expressions for meaning and emphasis.","*家具* means \"furniture\" or \"household goods.\" *食たく* means \"dining table,\" and *から* means \"empty.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.001","source":"家具","translation":"furniture, household goods","reading":"かぐ","words":[{"text":"家具","gloss":"furniture","reading":"かぐ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.001.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.002","source":"おそろいで","translation":"together","reading":"おそろいで","words":[{"text":"おそろいで","gloss":"together"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.002.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.003","source":"家具屋","translation":"furniture store","reading":"かぐや","words":[{"text":"家具屋","gloss":"furniture store","reading":"かぐや"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.003.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.004","source":"--もなければ\n--もない","translation":"--neither -- nor (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--もなければ--もない","words":[{"text":"--もなければ--もない","gloss":"neither nor"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.004.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.005","source":"食たく","translation":"dining table","reading":"しょくたく","words":[{"text":"食たく","gloss":"dining table","reading":"しょくたく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.005.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.006","source":"置き物","translation":"a decorative article","reading":"おきもの","words":[{"text":"置き物","gloss":"decorative article","reading":"おきもの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.006.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.007","source":"かけ物","translation":"hanging scroll","reading":"かけもの","words":[{"text":"かけ物","gloss":"hanging scroll","reading":"かけもの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.007.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.008","source":"有様","translation":"condition, situation, appearance","reading":"ありさま","words":[{"text":"有様","gloss":"condition","reading":"ありさま"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.008.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.009","source":"から","translation":"empty","reading":"から","words":[{"text":"から","gloss":"empty"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.009.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.010","source":"--と言う訳","translation":"it means that -- (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--というわけ","words":[{"text":"--と言う訳","gloss":"it means that","reading":"--というわけ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.010.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.011","source":"そうなんですの","translation":"It surely is.","reading":"そうなんですの","words":[{"text":"そうなんですの","gloss":"it surely is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.011.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.012","source":"--の","translation":"emphatic ending (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--の","words":[{"text":"--の","gloss":"indeed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"おそろいで","gloss":"together"},{"word":"家具屋","gloss":"furniture store"},{"word":"食たく","gloss":"dining table"},{"word":"--と言う訳","gloss":"it means that -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"そうなんですの","gloss":"It surely is."},{"word":"--の","gloss":"emphatic ending (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Shopping and accompanying expressions · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Shopping and going along","paragraphs":["The entries cover shopping, accompanying someone, departure, and household storage.","*手にはいる* means \"to obtain.\" *帰りがけに* means \"on the way home,\" and *寝具* means \"bedding.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.013","source":"手にはいる","translation":"to come into one's possession, obtain","reading":"てにはいる","words":[{"text":"手にはいる","gloss":"obtain","reading":"てにはいる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.013.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.014","source":"電気器具","translation":"electric appliance","reading":"でんききぐ","words":[{"text":"電気器具","gloss":"electric appliance","reading":"でんききぐ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.014.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.015","source":"せと物","translation":"chinaware","reading":"せともの","words":[{"text":"せと物","gloss":"chinaware","reading":"せともの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.015.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.016","source":"せんもん","translation":"specialty","reading":"せんもん","words":[{"text":"せんもん","gloss":"specialty"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.016.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.017","source":"--にまかせる","translation":"to leave up to ---","reading":"--にまかせる","words":[{"text":"--にまかせる","gloss":"leave up to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.017.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.018","source":"ついて行く","translation":"to go along, tag along","reading":"ついていく","words":[{"text":"ついて行く","gloss":"go along","reading":"ついていく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.018.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.019","source":"見るだけにする","translation":"just to see","reading":"みるだけにする","words":[{"text":"見るだけにする","gloss":"just to see","reading":"みるだけにする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.019.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.020","source":"帰りがけに","translation":"on the way home","reading":"かえりがけに","words":[{"text":"帰りがけに","gloss":"on the way home","reading":"かえりがけに"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.020.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.021","source":"これでしつれい いたします","translation":"Please excuse me.","reading":"これでしつれいいたします","words":[{"text":"これでしつれいいたします","gloss":"please excuse me"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.021.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.022","source":"御ゆっくり","translation":"enjoy yourself","reading":"おゆっくり","words":[{"text":"御ゆっくり","gloss":"enjoy yourself","reading":"おゆっくり"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.022.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.023","source":"寝具","translation":"bedding","reading":"しんぐ","words":[{"text":"寝具","gloss":"bedding","reading":"しんぐ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.023.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.024","source":"たんす","translation":"chest of drawers","reading":"たんす","words":[{"text":"たんす","gloss":"chest of drawers"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"手にはいる","gloss":"to come into one's possession, obtain"},{"word":"電気器具","gloss":"electric appliance"},{"word":"せと物","gloss":"chinaware"},{"word":"--にまかせる","gloss":"to leave up to ---"},{"word":"ついて行く","gloss":"to go along, tag along"},{"word":"見るだけにする","gloss":"just to see"},{"word":"帰りがけに","gloss":"on the way home"},{"word":"これでしつれいいたします","gloss":"Please excuse me."},{"word":"御ゆっくり","gloss":"enjoy yourself"},{"word":"寝具","gloss":"bedding"},{"word":"たんす","gloss":"chest of drawers"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Traditional and modern furnishings · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"The foot warmer","paragraphs":["The furnishings range from *ソファー*, \"sofa,\" to *こたつ*, \"foot warmer.\" A *こたつ* has a frame over a space cut in the floor.","A firebox containing ash and charcoal occupies the floor space. A large quilt covers the wooden structure above it.","At least four people can place their feet inside. The wooden structure is removed in warm seasons. Many homes also have an electric *こたつ*."]},{"title":"The cushion for a guest","paragraphs":["A *ざぶとん* is a cushion about two feet wide. A visitor in a Japanese-style room is generally asked to use it.","The visitor first sits behind or beside the *ざぶとん*. The host then offers it with *DOOZO OSHIKI KUDASAI*."]}],"lines":[{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.025","source":"洋服だんす","translation":"wardrobe","reading":"ようふくだんす","words":[{"text":"洋服だんす","gloss":"wardrobe","reading":"ようふくだんす"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.025.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.026","source":"ソファー","translation":"sofa","reading":"ソファー","words":[{"text":"ソファー","gloss":"sofa"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.026.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.027","source":"ひじかけいす","translation":"armchair","reading":"ひじかけいす","words":[{"text":"ひじかけいす","gloss":"armchair"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.027.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.028","source":"ひばち","translation":"brazier (See Cultural Notes)","reading":"ひばち","words":[{"text":"ひばち","gloss":"brazier"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.028.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.029","source":"こたつ","translation":"foot warmer (See Cultural Notes)","reading":"こたつ","words":[{"text":"こたつ","gloss":"foot warmer"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.029.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.030","source":"カーペット","translation":"carpet, rug","reading":"カーペット","words":[{"text":"カーペット","gloss":"carpet"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.030.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.031","source":"ふとん","translation":"bedding, quilt","reading":"ふとん","words":[{"text":"ふとん","gloss":"bedding"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.031.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.032","source":"もうふ","translation":"blanket","reading":"もうふ","words":[{"text":"もうふ","gloss":"blanket"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.032.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.033","source":"ざぶとん","translation":"cushion (See Cultural Notes)","reading":"ざぶとん","words":[{"text":"ざぶとん","gloss":"cushion"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.033.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.034","source":"帰り道","translation":"on the way back, return trip","reading":"かえりみち","words":[{"text":"帰り道","gloss":"way back","reading":"かえりみち"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.034.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.035","source":"一さい","translation":"everything, the whole","reading":"いっさい","words":[{"text":"一さい","gloss":"everything","reading":"いっさい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.035.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.036","source":"家具","translation":"furniture, household goods","reading":"かぐ","words":[{"text":"家具","gloss":"furniture","reading":"かぐ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.036.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"洋服だんす","gloss":"wardrobe"},{"word":"ひじかけいす","gloss":"armchair"},{"word":"ひばち","gloss":"brazier (See Cultural Notes)"},{"word":"こたつ","gloss":"foot warmer (See Cultural Notes)"},{"word":"カーペット","gloss":"carpet, rug"},{"word":"ふとん","gloss":"bedding, quilt"},{"word":"もうふ","gloss":"blanket"},{"word":"ざぶとん","gloss":"cushion (See Cultural Notes)"},{"word":"帰り道","gloss":"on the way back, return trip"},{"word":"一さい","gloss":"everything, the whole"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Bedding and household furniture · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Furniture for storage and rest","paragraphs":["The entries cover bedding, storage, seating, floor coverings, and traditional furnishings.","*寝具* means \"bedding.\" *たんす* means \"chest of drawers,\" and *ざぶとん* means \"cushion.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.037","source":"寝具","translation":"bedding","reading":"しんぐ","words":[{"text":"寝具","gloss":"bedding","reading":"しんぐ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.037.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.038","source":"たんす","translation":"chest of drawers","reading":"たんす","words":[{"text":"たんす","gloss":"chest of drawers"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.038.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.039","source":"洋服だんす","translation":"wardrobe","reading":"ようふくだんす","words":[{"text":"洋服だんす","gloss":"wardrobe","reading":"ようふくだんす"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.039.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.040","source":"ソファー","translation":"sofa","reading":"ソファー","words":[{"text":"ソファー","gloss":"sofa"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.040.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.041","source":"ひじかけいす","translation":"armchair","reading":"ひじかけいす","words":[{"text":"ひじかけいす","gloss":"armchair"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.041.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.042","source":"ひばち","translation":"brazier","reading":"ひばち","words":[{"text":"ひばち","gloss":"brazier"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.042.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.043","source":"こたつ","translation":"foot warmer","reading":"こたつ","words":[{"text":"こたつ","gloss":"foot warmer"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.043.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.044","source":"カーペット","translation":"carpet","reading":"カーペット","words":[{"text":"カーペット","gloss":"carpet"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.044.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.045","source":"ふとん","translation":"bedding, quilt","reading":"ふとん","words":[{"text":"ふとん","gloss":"bedding"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.045.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.046","source":"もうふ","translation":"blanket","reading":"もうふ","words":[{"text":"もうふ","gloss":"blanket"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.046.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.047","source":"ざぶとん","translation":"cushion","reading":"ざぶとん","words":[{"text":"ざぶとん","gloss":"cushion"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.047.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"ja.dli.L057.w.048","source":"帰り道","translation":"on the way back, return trip","reading":"かえりみち","words":[{"text":"帰り道","gloss":"way back","reading":"かえりみち"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L057.w.048.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":9,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\n1. Look at the pictures on pages 10 and 12 and name every item that you see.\n\n2. Talk about the following:\n\na. Furniture and fixtures in the Japanese-style home.\n\nb. Shopping for furniture and fixtures."},{"section":10,"text":"Homework\n\n1. Memorize the Dialogue and study the vocabulary.\n\n2. Study the Pattern Drills.\n\n3. Learn to read and write the new kanji.\n\n4. Read the Explanatory Notes.\n\n5. Use the guide given for practice in free conversation."}],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]}]}