{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L058","title":"Lesson 58","stage":"Kanji and everyday Japanese","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 58: arranging help with moving · dialogue 1 of 3, directing movers around the house · dialogue 2 of 3, avoiding mistakes while moving · dialogue 3 of 3, asking negative questions · perception drill, mistaking one thing for another · perception drill, trying and being about to · perception drill, saying what is sufficient · perception drill, checking assumptions about actions · pattern 1 1 of 2, checking health and unfinished work · pattern 1 2 of 2, mistaking objects and people · pattern 2 1 of 2, explaining mistaken identities · pattern 2 2 of 2, trying difficult actions · pattern 3 1 of 2, trying but failing · pattern 3 2 of 2, saying what is enough · pattern 4 1 of 2, asking what must be done · pattern 4 2 of 2, moving with military help · reading selection 1 of 2, preventing misplaced belongings · reading selection 2 of 2, questions about moving arrangements · questions 1 of 2, questions about moving responsibilities · questions 2 of 2, moving services and workers · word list 1 of 3, loading, packing and military transfers · word list 3 of 3.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/58","lines":164},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/57","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/59","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Arranging help with moving · Dialogue 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Help with the move","paragraphs":["One speaker is moving after an upstairs addition is completed. The other offers help with *お手つだい いたしましょうか*, meaning \"Shall I give you a hand?\"","About ten workers will come from the quartermaster depot. Army trucks will carry the belongings."]},{"title":"An assumption about the plan","paragraphs":["The question *運送店に たのむのではないんですか* means \"Aren't you going to ask the transfer company?\"","The ending *のではないんですか* checks the speaker's assumption. The reply corrects it by naming the army trucks."]},{"title":"Kanji: 末","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 送, 運, 夫","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L058.dlg.001","source":"いよいよ ひっこしだ そうですね。","translation":"I understand you are moving at last, isn't that so?","reading":"いよいよひっこしだそうですね。","words":[{"text":"いよいよ","gloss":"at last"},{"text":"ひっこし","gloss":"moving"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L058.dlg.002","source":"ええ、 二階の たてましが 終りましたから、 今週末 頃 ひっこすつもりです。","translation":"Yes, since the addition of a room upstairs is completed, I intend to move this weekend.","reading":"ええ、にかいのたてましがおわりましたから、こんしゅうまつごろひっこすつもりです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"二","gloss":"second floor","reading":"に"},{"text":"階","gloss":"second floor","reading":"かい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"たて","gloss":"addition"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"addition"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"終り","gloss":"finish","reading":"おわり"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"今週","gloss":"this weekend"},{"text":"末","gloss":"this weekend"},{"text":"頃","gloss":"around"},{"text":"ひっこす","gloss":"move"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L058.dlg.003","source":"お手つだい いたしましょうか。","translation":"Shall I give you a hand?","reading":"おてつだいいたしましょうか。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"手つだい","gloss":"help","reading":"てつだい"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"humbly do"},{"text":"ましょう","gloss":"shall"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L058.dlg.004","source":"ありがとう 御ざいますが、 ほきゅうしょうの方から 人夫が 十名ばかり 来る事に なっています。","translation":"Thank you, but about ten laborers are supposed to come from the quartermaster depot.","reading":"ありがとうございますが、ほきゅうしょうのほうからにんぷがじゅうめいばかりくることになっています。","words":[{"text":"ありがとう","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"御","gloss":"thank you","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"い","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ほ","gloss":"quartermaster depot"},{"text":"きゅう","gloss":"quartermaster depot"},{"text":"しょう","gloss":"quartermaster depot"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"方","gloss":"direction","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"人夫","gloss":"laborer","reading":"にんぷ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"十","gloss":"ten","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"名","gloss":"people","reading":"めい"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"about"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"come","reading":"くる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"arrangement","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"are supposed to"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are supposed to"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are supposed to"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"are supposed to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L058.dlg.005","source":"運送店に たのむのではないんですか。","translation":"Aren't you going to ask the transfer company?","reading":"うんそうてんにたのむのではないんですか。","words":[{"text":"運送","gloss":"transfer company","reading":"うんそう"},{"text":"店","gloss":"transfer company","reading":"てん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"たのむ","gloss":"ask"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L058.dlg.006","source":"いいえ、 軍の トラックで 運んでくれます。","translation":"No, they'll transfer them for me by army trucks.","reading":"いいえ、ぐんのトラックではこんでくれます。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"軍","gloss":"army","reading":"ぐん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"トラック","gloss":"truck"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"運ん","gloss":"carry","reading":"はこん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"--NO DEWA NAIN DESU KA\n\nFollowing the abrupt non-past and past tense of verbs, I-adjectives, and inflected suffixes like TAI and NAI, etc., NO DEWA NAIN DESU KA expresses the idea of 'aren't you ---,' 'didn't you ---,' 'weren't you,' 'isn't it ---,' 'don't you want to ---,' etc.\n\nExamples:\n\nIKU NO DEWA NAIN DESU KA. \"Aren't you going?\"\n\nITTA NO DEWA NAIN DESU KA. \"Didn't you go?\"\n\nTAKAI NO DEWA NAIN DESU KA. \"Isn't it expensive?\"\n\nIKITAI NO DEWA NAIN DESU KA. \"Don't you want to go?\""},{"section":2,"text":"A O B TO MACHIGAERU\n\nThe expression A O B TO MACHIGAERU means you mistake A for B where you can replace A or B with any word.\n\nExamples:\n\nWATAKUSHI WA ANO HITO O ONNA TO MACHIGAEMASHITA. \"I mistook him for a girl.\"\n\nSEITO WA YOKU KURU O IKU TO MACHIGAEMASU. \"Students often mistake KURU (to come) for IKU (to go).\"\n\nKESA ROKUJI O SHICHIJI TO MACHIGAETE ICHIJIKAN HAYAKU OKIMASHITA. \"This morning I mistook 6 o'clock for 7 o'clock and got up one hour earlier.\""},{"section":3,"text":"Tentative form + TO SURU*\n\nAn informal tentative form of verbs + TO SURU means 'be about to ---,' 'to try to ---,' or 'make as if to ---.' It often occurs in the middle of a sentence, followed by a statement of what prevented the completion of the action.\n\nExamples:\n\nDEYOO TO SHITA TOKI NI, AME GA FURI-HAJIMEMASHITA. \"It started to rain just as I was about to go out.\"\n\nMADO O AKEYOO TO SHIMASHITA GA, AKIMASEN DESHITA. \"I tried to open the window, but it didn't open.\"\n\nJIBUN DAKE DE TSUKUROO TO SURU TO, MUZUKASHII DESU. \"It will be difficult, if you try to make it by yourself alone.\"\n\nFollowing is the TENTATIVE form of the verbs for your reference.\n\nTo make the informal equivalent:\n\nVowel verbs: drop the final -ru of the basic form and add -yoo\n\nConsonant Verbs: drop the final -u of the basic form and add -oo.\n\nIrregular verbs: kuru - koyoo; suru - shiyoo\n\n* Note: The tentative form is another term for the conjectural form.\n\nInformal Non-Past: Basic Form | Tentative: Informal | Tentative: Formal\nakeru (to open) | akeyoo | akemashoo\ntaberu (to eat) | tabeyoo | tabemashoo\niru (to be) | iyoo | imashoo\n\nInformal Non-Past: Basic Form | Tentative: Informal | Tentative: Formal\nyomu (to read) | yomoo | yomimashoo\nkau (to buy) | kaoo | kaimashoo\nkaeru (to return) | kaeroo | kaerimashoo"},{"section":4,"text":"TADA --- SUREBA II\n\nThe expression TADA plus BA-form of verbs or conditional form plus II, expresses the idea of 'the only thing one has to do is ---' or 'one only has to do ---.'\n\nExamples:\n\nSEITO WA TADA BENKYOO SUREBA II NO DESU. \"The only thing students have to do is to study.\"\n\nANATAGATA WA TADA KIITE IREBA II NO DESU. \"You only have to listen.\"\n\nTADA SHIKEN NI TOOREBA II NO DESU. \"You only have to pass the examination.\"\n\nTADA OKANE O OKUREBA II NO DESU. \"The only thing you have to do is to send the money.\""},{"section":5,"text":"Expressions involving two or more interrogative pronouns.\n\nDORE GA DOKO NI IKU KA. \"Which one goes where?\"\n\nDARE GA ITSU KURU KA. \"Who comes when?\"\n\nNANJI NI DOKO E IKU KA. \"Go where at what time?\""},{"section":6,"text":"Notes on TAIHEN DESU (DA)\n\nTAIHEN DA or TAIHEN DESU is used as a predicate. Some English equivalents are '--- is a nuisance,' 'What a fix to be in!' 'What a mess!,' '---is terrible,' etc. TAIHEN is also used as an adverb meaning 'awfully,' 'very,' 'terribly.'"}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"いよいよ","gloss":"at last, finally"},{"word":"ひっこし","gloss":"moving, change of address"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"今週","gloss":"this week"},{"word":"頃","gloss":"approximate point of time (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ひっこす","gloss":"to move (v.i.)"},{"word":"ましょう","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"しょう","gloss":"award, reward"},{"word":"人夫","gloss":"laborer, coolie"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"名","gloss":"name"},{"word":"ばかり","gloss":"about"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"店","gloss":"store, shop"},{"word":"たのむ","gloss":"to ask, request"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"軍","gloss":"army, military"},{"word":"トラック","gloss":"truck"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Directing movers around the house · Dialogue 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Directions inside the house","paragraphs":["The person in charge will unpack. The family must remain nearby and direct the workers.","*ただ 人夫に さしずすれば いいのですね* means \"you only have to give instructions to the workers, isn't that so?\""]},{"title":"Two details in one question","paragraphs":["*どれが どこに 行くか* means \"what goes where\". The two interrogatives ask which item and which destination.","One embedded question can contain two or more interrogatives. Each asks for its own part of the information."]},{"title":"Kanji: 積, 責, 任","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L058.dlg.007","source":"それでは、 荷を トラックに 積んだり、 トラックから おろしたりする 心配は ないんですね。","translation":"Then, you'll have no worry about loading ＿ the truck and unloading ＿ the truck, will you?","reading":"それでは、にをトラックにつんだり、トラックからおろしたりするしんぱいはないんですね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"being"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"荷","gloss":"luggage","reading":"に"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"トラック","gloss":"truck"},{"text":"に","gloss":"onto"},{"text":"積ん","gloss":"load","reading":"つん"},{"text":"だり、","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"トラック","gloss":"truck"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"おろし","gloss":"unload"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"among other things"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"心配","gloss":"worry","reading":"しんぱい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"none"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L058.dlg.008","source":"かかりの人が 責任を 持って やってくれます。","translation":"The person in charge will take the responsibility for doing it.","reading":"かかりのひとがせきにんをもってやってくれます。","words":[{"text":"かかり","gloss":"charge"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"責任","gloss":"responsibility","reading":"せきにん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"take","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L058.dlg.009","source":"荷を とくのも その人の 責任ですか。","translation":"Is it his responsibility to unpack?","reading":"にをとくのもそのひとのせきにんですか。","words":[{"text":"荷","gloss":"luggage","reading":"に"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"とく","gloss":"unpack"},{"text":"の","gloss":"doing so"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"責任","gloss":"responsibility","reading":"せきにん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L058.dlg.010","source":"そうですが、 それは 私が そばに 居て さしずします。","translation":"That's right, but I will stand by him and give instructions myself.","reading":"そうですが、それはわたくしがそばにいてさしずします。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"そば","gloss":"nearby"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"居","gloss":"stay","reading":"い"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"さしず","gloss":"instructions"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L058.dlg.011","source":"奥さんか あなたが 居て、 どれが どこに 行くか、 ただ 人夫に さしずすれば いいのですね。","translation":"Either you or your wife will have to stay home and give instructions to the workers about what goes where, isn't that so?","reading":"おくさんかあなたがいて、どれがどこにいくか、ただにんぶにさしずすればいいのですね。","words":[{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"か","gloss":"or"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"居","gloss":"stay","reading":"い"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"どれ","gloss":"which one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"ただ","gloss":"just"},{"text":"人夫","gloss":"laborers","reading":"にんぶ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"さしず","gloss":"instructions"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"give"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"enough"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L058.dlg.012","source":"そうです。 居間、 書さい、 食堂、 二階と 言うようにね。","translation":"That's right. Like living room, study, dining room, and upstairs, and so on.","reading":"そうです。いま、しょさい、しょくどう、にかいというようにね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"居間、","gloss":"living room","reading":"いま"},{"text":"書","gloss":"study","reading":"しょ"},{"text":"さい、","gloss":"study"},{"text":"食堂、","gloss":"dining room","reading":"しょくどう"},{"text":"二","gloss":"upstairs","reading":"に"},{"text":"階","gloss":"upstairs","reading":"かい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"way"},{"text":"に","gloss":"like"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you know"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は、","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"荷","gloss":"load, luggage, cargo"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"責任","gloss":"responsibility"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"そば","gloss":"vicinity"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"どれ","gloss":"which (of three or more) (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ただ","gloss":"merely"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"居間、","gloss":"parlor, living room"},{"word":"食堂、","gloss":"dining hall, dining room"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Avoiding mistakes while moving · Dialogue 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A moving mistake","paragraphs":["The speakers warn against sending an upstairs item to the downstairs living room. Moving it again without help would be difficult.","One speaker therefore offers help for the weekend. The other accepts with *では お願いいたします*, meaning \"Please.\""]},{"title":"A terrible result","paragraphs":["*そうなると 大変ですよ* means \"If it turns out like that, it will be terrible.\" Here *大変* is the predicate."]},{"title":"Kanji: 移","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 願","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L058.dlg.013","source":"二階に 行くのを 下の 居間に 行くのと まちがえると、 後で 困りますからね。","translation":"Because if you mistake the one that goes upstairs for the one that goes to the parlor downstairs, you'll be in an awkward position later.","reading":"にかいにいくのをしたのいまにいくのとまちがえると、あとでこまりますからね。","words":[{"text":"二","gloss":"upstairs","reading":"に"},{"text":"階","gloss":"upstairs","reading":"かい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"下","gloss":"downstairs","reading":"した"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"居間","gloss":"living room","reading":"いま"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"と","gloss":"for"},{"text":"まちがえる","gloss":"mistake"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"後","gloss":"later","reading":"あと"},{"text":"で","gloss":"later"},{"text":"困り","gloss":"be in trouble","reading":"こまり"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L058.dlg.014","source":"そうです。 そうなると 大変ですよ。 後で 自分たち だけで 移そうとすると 大変ですよ。","translation":"That's right. If it turns out like that, it will be terrible. It will be terrible if you try to move it just by yourself later on.","reading":"そうです。そうなるとたいへんですよ。あとでじぶんたちだけでうつそうとするとたいへんですよ。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"that way"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"becomes"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"terrible","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"後","gloss":"later","reading":"あと"},{"text":"で","gloss":"later"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"yourself","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"people"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"移そう","gloss":"try moving","reading":"うつそう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"terrible","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L058.dlg.015","source":"とにかく 今週末は 何も していないのですから、 お手つだいしますよ。","translation":"Well, anyway, since I am not doing anything this weekend, I'll give you a hand.","reading":"とにかくこんしゅうまつはなにもしていないのですから、おてつだいしますよ。","words":[{"text":"とにかく","gloss":"anyway"},{"text":"今週","gloss":"this weekend","reading":"こんしゅう"},{"text":"末","gloss":"this weekend","reading":"まつ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なに"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"し","gloss":"am not doing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am not doing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am not doing"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"am not doing"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"手つだい","gloss":"help","reading":"てつだい"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L058.dlg.016","source":"すみませんね。 では お願いいたします。","translation":"Much obliged. Please.","reading":"すみませんね。ではおねがいいたします。","words":[{"text":"すみ","gloss":"much obliged"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"much obliged"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"much obliged"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"願い","gloss":"request","reading":"ねがい"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"humbly do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.dlg.016.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"居間","gloss":"parlor, living room"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"自分","gloss":"self"},{"word":"だけ","gloss":"only, just (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"すみ","gloss":"inside corner"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking negative questions · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"A question that checks an assumption","paragraphs":["*学校へ 行くのではないんですか* means \"Aren't you going to school?\" The ending checks an assumption about the action.","*のではないんですか* follows the plain non-past or past form of a verb, an I-adjective, or endings such as *TAI* and *NAI*."]},{"title":"Present and past assumptions","paragraphs":["*今日は いそがしいのではないんですか* means \"Aren't you busy today?\" The ending follows the I-adjective *いそがしい*.","For a past action, the verb takes its plain past form. *あなたは 昨日 田村さんに あったのではないんですか* means \"Didn't you meet Mr. Tamura yesterday?\""]}],"lines":[{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp1.01","source":"学校へ 行くのではないんですか。","translation":"Aren't you going to school?","reading":"がっこうへいくのではないんですか。","words":[{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp1.02","source":"あの方は もう ねたのではないんですか。","translation":"Hasn't he gone to sleep already?","reading":"あのかたはもうねたのではないんですか。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"ね","gloss":"sleep"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp1.03","source":"今日は いそがしいのではないんですか。","translation":"Aren't you busy today?","reading":"きょうはいそがしいのではないんですか。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp1.04","source":"ジョンズさんは 日本へ 行くのではないんですか。","translation":"Isn't Mr. Jones going to Japan?","reading":"ジョンズさんはにほんへいくのではないんですか。","words":[{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp1.05","source":"新しい車を 買うのではないんですか。","translation":"Aren't you going to buy a new car?","reading":"あたらしいくるまをかうのではないんですか。","words":[{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"くるま"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp1.06","source":"あなたは 昨日 田村さんに あったのではないんですか。","translation":"Didn't you meet Mr. Tamura yesterday?","reading":"あなたはきのうたむらさんにあったのではないんですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday","reading":"きのう"},{"text":"田村","gloss":"Tamura","reading":"たむら"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"meet"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp1.07","source":"もう 食べたのではないんですか。","translation":"Haven't you eaten already?","reading":"もうたべたのではないんですか。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp1.08","source":"おそく 帰ると 悪いのではないんですか。","translation":"Isn't it bad to come home late?","reading":"おそくかえるとわるいのではないんですか。","words":[{"text":"おそく","gloss":"late"},{"text":"帰る","gloss":"come home","reading":"かえる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp1.09","source":"もう 帰らなければ ならないのではないんですか。","translation":"Don't you have to go home now?","reading":"もうかえらなければならないのではないんですか。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"now"},{"text":"帰ら","gloss":"go home","reading":"かえら"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp1.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ね","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"word":"車","gloss":"vehicle, car"},{"word":"買う","gloss":"to buy"},{"word":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday"},{"word":"おそく","gloss":"late (adverbial form of OSOI, be late, be slow)"},{"word":"なら","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Mistaking one thing for another · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"Mistaking A for B","paragraphs":["*私は A を B と まちがえました* means \"I mistook A for B.\" The pattern is A *を* B *と まちがえる*.","A and B can be words or actions. A is the item identified incorrectly, and B is the mistaken identity."]},{"title":"The result of a mistake","paragraphs":["*私は 六時を 七時と まちがえて、 一時間 早く おきました* means \"I mistook six o'clock for seven o'clock and got up an hour early.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp2.01","source":"二階へ 持って 行くのを 下の 居間へ 持って 行くのと まちがえました。","translation":"I mistook taking it upstairs for taking it to the parlor downstairs.","reading":"にかいへもっていくのをしたのいまへもっていくのとまちがえました。","words":[{"text":"二","gloss":"upstairs","reading":"に"},{"text":"階","gloss":"upstairs","reading":"かい"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"take","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"take","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"下","gloss":"downstairs","reading":"した"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"居間","gloss":"living room","reading":"いま"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"take","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"take","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act"},{"text":"と","gloss":"for"},{"text":"まちがえ","gloss":"mistake"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp2.01.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp2.02","source":"私は A を B と まちがえました。","translation":"I mistook A for B.","reading":"わたくしはAをBとまちがえました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"A","gloss":"A"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"B","gloss":"B"},{"text":"と","gloss":"for"},{"text":"まちがえ","gloss":"mistake"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp2.02.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp2.03","source":"私は A を B と 思いました。","translation":"I thought A was B.","reading":"わたくしはAをBとおもいました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"A","gloss":"A"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"B","gloss":"B"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp2.03.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp2.04","source":"私は 金曜日を 土曜日と まちがえました。","translation":"I mistook Friday for Saturday.","reading":"わたくしはきんようびをどようびとまちがえました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"金曜","gloss":"Friday","reading":"きんよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Friday","reading":"び"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"土曜","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"どよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"び"},{"text":"と","gloss":"for"},{"text":"まちがえ","gloss":"mistake"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp2.04.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp2.05","source":"私は 金曜日を 土曜日と 思いました。","translation":"I thought Friday was Saturday.","reading":"わたくしはきんようびをどようびとおもいました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"金曜","gloss":"Friday","reading":"きんよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Friday","reading":"び"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"土曜","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"どよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"び"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp2.05.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp2.06","source":"私は 女の便所を 男の便所と まちがえました。","translation":"I mistook the women's restroom for the men's restroom.","reading":"わたくしはおんなのべんじょをおとこのべんじょとまちがえました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"女","gloss":"women's","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"便所","gloss":"restroom","reading":"べんじょ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"男","gloss":"men's","reading":"おとこ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"便所","gloss":"restroom","reading":"べんじょ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"for"},{"text":"まちがえ","gloss":"mistake"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp2.06.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp2.07","source":"私は 女の便所を 男の便所と 思いました。","translation":"I thought the women's restroom was the men's restroom.","reading":"わたくしはおんなのべんじょをおとこのべんじょとおもいました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"女","gloss":"women's","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"便所","gloss":"restroom","reading":"べんじょ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"男","gloss":"men's","reading":"おとこ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"便所","gloss":"restroom","reading":"べんじょ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp2.07.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp2.08","source":"私は 六時を 七時と まちがえて、 一時間 早く おきました。","translation":"I mistook six o'clock for seven o'clock and got up an hour early.","reading":"わたくしはろくじをしちじとまちがえて、いちじかんはやくおきました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six o'clock","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"時","gloss":"six o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven o'clock","reading":"しち"},{"text":"時","gloss":"seven o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"for"},{"text":"まちがえ","gloss":"mistake"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hour","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp2.08.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp2.09","source":"私は 六時を 七時と 思って、 一時間 早く おきました。","translation":"I thought six o'clock was seven o'clock and got up an hour early.","reading":"わたくしはろくじをしちじとおもって、いちじかんはやくおきました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six o'clock","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"時","gloss":"six o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven o'clock","reading":"しち"},{"text":"時","gloss":"seven o'clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"think","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hour","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp2.09.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp2.10","source":"生徒は ひらがなの「る」を「ろ」と よく まちがえます。","translation":"Students often mistake the hiragana 'ru' for 'ro.'","reading":"せいとはひらがなの「る」を「ろ」とよくまちがえます。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ひらがな","gloss":"hiragana"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"「る」","gloss":"letter ru"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"「ろ」","gloss":"letter ro"},{"text":"と","gloss":"for"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"often"},{"text":"まちがえ","gloss":"mistake"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp2.10.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp2.11","source":"生徒は よく ひらがなの「る」を「ろ」と 思います。","translation":"Students often think the hiragana 'ru' is 'ro.'","reading":"せいとはよくひらがなの「る」を「ろ」とおもいます。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"often"},{"text":"ひらがな","gloss":"hiragana"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"「る」","gloss":"letter ru"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"「ろ」","gloss":"letter ro"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp2.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"女","gloss":"female"},{"word":"便所","gloss":"toilet"},{"word":"男","gloss":"male"},{"word":"六","gloss":"six"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"時間","gloss":"hour, time"},{"word":"ひらがな","gloss":"HIRAGANA syllabary"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Trying and being about to · Perception drill, Block 3","teaching":[{"title":"Trying an action","paragraphs":["*まどを あけようとしたが、 あかなかった* means \"I tried to open the window, but it would not open.\"","The informal tentative form plus *と する* means \"try to do\" or \"be about to do\". A later clause often states what prevented completion."]},{"title":"About to act","paragraphs":["*昨晩 ねようとした 時に、 友だちが 来ました* means \"A friend came when I was about to go to sleep.\"","A vowel verb drops final *ru* and adds *yoo*. A consonant verb drops final *u* and adds *oo*."]}],"lines":[{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp3.01","source":"自分だけで 移そうとすると 大変です。","translation":"It's terrible if you attempt to move just by yourself.","reading":"じぶんだけでうつそうとするとたいへんです。","words":[{"text":"自分","gloss":"yourself","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"移そう","gloss":"try moving","reading":"うつそう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"terrible","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp3.01.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp3.02","source":"昨晩 ねようとした 時に、 友だちが 来ました。","translation":"A friend came when I was about to go to sleep.","reading":"さくばんねようとしたときに、ともだちがきました。","words":[{"text":"昨晩","gloss":"last night","reading":"さくばん"},{"text":"ね","gloss":"sleep"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"about to"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に、","gloss":"at"},{"text":"友だち","gloss":"friend","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp3.02.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp3.03","source":"自分一人で 外国語を 習おうとすると、 大変 むずかしいです。","translation":"It is very difficult if you try to learn a foreign language by yourself.","reading":"じぶんひとりでがいこくごをならおうとすると、たいへんむずかしいです。","words":[{"text":"自分","gloss":"yourself","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"一人","gloss":"alone","reading":"ひとり"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign language","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"語","gloss":"foreign language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習おう","gloss":"try to learn","reading":"ならおう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp3.03.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp3.04","source":"まどを あけようとしたが、 あかなかった。","translation":"I tried to open the window, but it would not open.","reading":"まどをあけようとしたが、あかなかった。","words":[{"text":"まど","gloss":"window"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あけよう","gloss":"try to open"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"あか","gloss":"open"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp3.04.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp3.05","source":"日本の 新聞を 読もうとしたが、 読めませんでした。","translation":"I tried to read a Japanese newspaper, but I could not read it.","reading":"にほんのしんぶんをよもうとしたが、よめませんでした。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読もう","gloss":"try to read","reading":"よもう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"読め","gloss":"can read","reading":"よめ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp3.05.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp3.06","source":"昨晩 家を 出ようとした 時、 友だちが あそびに 来た。","translation":"Last night, just as I was about to leave the house, a friend came to visit.","reading":"さくばんいえをでようとしたとき、ともだちがあそびにきた。","words":[{"text":"昨晩","gloss":"last night","reading":"さくばん"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"from"},{"text":"出よう","gloss":"about to leave","reading":"でよう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"時、","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"友だち","gloss":"friend","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"visit"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp3.06.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp3.07","source":"夕御はんを 食べようとした 時、 田中さんが 来た。","translation":"Just as I was about to eat dinner, Mr. Tanaka came.","reading":"ゆうごはんをたべようとしたとき、たなかさんがきた。","words":[{"text":"夕","gloss":"dinner","reading":"ゆう"},{"text":"御","gloss":"dinner","reading":"ご"},{"text":"はん","gloss":"dinner"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べよう","gloss":"about to eat","reading":"たべよう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"時、","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp3.07.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp3.08","source":"家へ 帰ろうとした 時に 雨が 降り始めた。","translation":"Just as I was about to go home, it began to rain.","reading":"いえへかえろうとしたときにあめがふりはじめた。","words":[{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"帰ろう","gloss":"about to return","reading":"かえろう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"fall","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"始め","gloss":"begin","reading":"はじめ"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp3.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"に、","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"一人","gloss":"one person"},{"word":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying what is sufficient · Perception drill, Block 4","teaching":[{"title":"The only necessary action","paragraphs":["*ただ さしずすればいいのです* means \"You only have to give instructions.\"","*ただ* plus a conditional verb form and *いい* states that the named action is all that is necessary."]},{"title":"Different sufficient actions","paragraphs":["*あなたは ただ 見ていればいいのです* means \"You only have to watch.\"","The action can also be payment. *私は ただ お金を はらえばいいのです* means \"I only have to pay the money.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp4.01","source":"ただ さしずすればいいのです。","translation":"You only have to give instructions.","reading":"たださしずすればいいのです。","words":[{"text":"ただ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"さしず","gloss":"instructions"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"give"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"enough"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp4.01.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp4.02","source":"あなたは ただ こしかけて 聞いていればいいのです。","translation":"You only have to sit down and listen.","reading":"あなたはただこしかけてきいていればいいのです。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ただ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"こしかけ","gloss":"sit down"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"聞い","gloss":"keep listening","reading":"きい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"keep listening"},{"text":"いれ","gloss":"keep listening"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"enough"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp4.02.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp4.03","source":"この学校の 生徒は ただ 勉強すればいいのです。","translation":"The students at this school only have to study.","reading":"このがっこうのせいとはただべんきょうすればいいのです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ただ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"enough"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp4.03.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp4.04","source":"あなた方は ただ 日本語を 習えばいいのです。","translation":"You only have to learn Japanese.","reading":"あなたがたはただにほんごをならえばいいのです。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"方","gloss":"people","reading":"がた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ただ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習え","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならえ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"enough"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp4.04.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp4.05","source":"あなたは ただ 見ていればいいのです。","translation":"You only have to watch.","reading":"あなたはただみていればいいのです。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ただ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"見","gloss":"watch","reading":"み"},{"text":"て","gloss":"watch"},{"text":"いれ","gloss":"watch"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"enough"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp4.05.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L058.gp4.06","source":"私は ただ お金を はらえばいいのです。","translation":"I only have to pay the money.","reading":"わたくしはただおかねをはらえばいいのです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ただ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"お","gloss":"money"},{"text":"金","gloss":"money","reading":"かね"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はらえ","gloss":"pay"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"enough"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.gp4.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Checking assumptions about actions · Pattern 1 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Assumptions about actions","paragraphs":["The ending *のではないんですか* checks an action in *それを 持って 行くのではないんですか*, \"Aren't you taking that with you?\"","A plain past verb checks a completed action. *日本へ 行ったのではないんですか* means \"Didn't you go to Japan?\""]},{"title":"Assumptions about wishes and states","paragraphs":["*それが ほしいのではないんですか* means \"Don't you want it?\" The ending follows the I-adjective *ほしい*.","It also follows another I-adjective in *まだ 少し 早いのでは ないんですか*, meaning \"Isn't it still a little early?\""]}],"lines":[{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt1.01","source":"それを 持って 行くのではないんですか。","translation":"Aren't you taking that with you?","reading":"それをもっていくのではないんですか。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"take","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt1.02","source":"日本へ 行ったのではないんですか。","translation":"Didn't you go to Japan?","reading":"にほんへいったのではないんですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt1.03","source":"それが ほしいのではないんですか。","translation":"Don't you want it?","reading":"それがほしいのではないんですか。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"it"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ほしい","gloss":"want"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt1.04","source":"今晩も 働くのでは ないんですか。","translation":"Aren't you working tonight too?","reading":"こんばんもはたらくのではないんですか。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"働く","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt1.05","source":"あの人に たのんだのでは ないんですか。","translation":"Didn't you ask that person?","reading":"あのひとにたのんだのではないんですか。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"たのん","gloss":"ask"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt1.06","source":"お子さんを つれて 行くのでは ないんですか。","translation":"Aren't you taking your child with you?","reading":"おこさんをつれていくのではないんですか。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"child"},{"text":"子","gloss":"child","reading":"こ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"child"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt1.07","source":"田中さんは 日本へ いらっしゃったのでは ないんですか。","translation":"Didn't Mr. Tanaka go to Japan?","reading":"たなかさんはにほんへいらっしゃったのではないんですか。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"いらっしゃっ","gloss":"go"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt1.08","source":"まだ 少し 早いのでは ないんですか。","translation":"Isn't it still a little early?","reading":"まだすこしはやいのではないんですか。","words":[{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"早い","gloss":"early","reading":"はやい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt1.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ほしい","gloss":"want, wish (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Checking health and unfinished work · Pattern 1 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A suspected condition","paragraphs":["*あなたは かおが 少し 赤いが、 ねつが ある のではないんですか* means \"Your face is a little red. Don't you have a fever?\"","The ending *のではないんですか* checks the suspected fever. The reply says that a slight fever seems likely."]},{"title":"A suspected completion","paragraphs":["*明日の 宿題を すませたのでは ないんですか* means \"Haven't you finished tomorrow's homework?\" The plain past form checks an assumed completion.","The reply *今から 始めるところです* rejects the assumption. The speaker is only starting now."]}],"lines":[{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt1.09","source":"それは 体に 悪いのでは ないんですか。","translation":"Isn't that bad for your health?","reading":"それはからだにわるいのではないんですか。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"体","gloss":"health","reading":"からだ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt1.10","source":"あなたは かおが 少し 赤いが、 ねつが ある のではないんですか。","translation":"Your face is a little red; don't you have a fever?","reading":"あなたはかおがすこしあかいが、ねつがあるのではないんですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かお","gloss":"face"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"赤い","gloss":"red","reading":"あかい"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ねつ","gloss":"fever"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"have"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt1.11","source":"ええ、 少し ねつが あるらしいです。","translation":"Yes, it seems I have a slight fever.","reading":"ええ、すこしねつがあるらしいです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"slight","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"ねつ","gloss":"fever"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"have"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt1.12","source":"明日の 宿題を すませたのでは ないんですか。","translation":"Haven't you finished tomorrow's homework?","reading":"あしたのしゅくだいをすませたのではないんですか。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"宿題","gloss":"homework","reading":"しゅくだい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"すま","gloss":"finish"},{"text":"せ","gloss":"finish"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt1.13","source":"いいえ、 今から 始めるところです。","translation":"No, I am just about to start it.","reading":"いいえ、いまからはじめるところです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"始める","gloss":"start","reading":"はじめる"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"just about to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"am"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt1.14","source":"あの人は 耳が 遠いのでは ないんですか。","translation":"Isn't that person hard of hearing?","reading":"あのひとはみみがとおいのではないんですか。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"hearing","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"遠い","gloss":"poor","reading":"とおい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt1.15","source":"遠いんですよ。 だから、 大きい声で 話さないと、 聞こえないんです。","translation":"He is hard of hearing. So if you don't speak in a loud voice, he can't hear you.","reading":"とおいんですよ。だから、おおきいこえではなさないと、きこえないんです。","words":[{"text":"遠い","gloss":"hard of hearing","reading":"とおい"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"loud","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"声","gloss":"voice","reading":"こえ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"話さ","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなさ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"聞こえ","gloss":"hear","reading":"きこえ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"cannot"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt1.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"体","gloss":"body, health"},{"word":"かお","gloss":"face"},{"word":"ねつ","gloss":"fever"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"word":"宿題","gloss":"homework"},{"word":"ところ","gloss":"place (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"遠い","gloss":"far"},{"word":"声","gloss":"voice"},{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Mistaking objects and people · Pattern 2 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Mistaken people and objects","paragraphs":["*私は 山田さんの 奥さんを 山本さんの 奥さんと まちがえました* means \"I mistook Mrs. Yamada for Mrs. Yamamoto.\"","The A *を* B *と まちがえる* pattern applies here to two people."]},{"title":"Mistaken characters and actions","paragraphs":["*「休」と 言う かん字を 「体」と 言う かん字と まちがえた* means \"I mistook the kanji 'rest' for the kanji 'body.'\"","The same pattern applies to actions in *たすのを ひくのと まちがえた*, meaning \"I mistook addition for subtraction.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt2.m1","source":"二階へ 行くのを 下の 居間へ 行くのと まちがえました。","translation":"I mistook going upstairs for going to the living room downstairs.","reading":"にかいへいくのをしたのいまへいくのとまちがえました。","words":[{"text":"二","gloss":"second floor","reading":"に"},{"text":"階","gloss":"second floor","reading":"かい"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"going","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"下","gloss":"downstairs","reading":"した"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"居間","gloss":"living room","reading":"いま"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"going","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act"},{"text":"と","gloss":"for"},{"text":"まちがえ","gloss":"mistook"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt2.01","source":"私は 山田さんの 奥さんを 山本さんの 奥さんと まちがえました。","translation":"I mistook Mrs. Yamada for Mrs. Yamamoto.","reading":"わたくしはやまださんのおくさんをやまもとさんのおくさんとまちがえました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mrs."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mrs."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"と","gloss":"for"},{"text":"まちがえ","gloss":"mistook"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt2.02","source":"「休」と 言う かん字を 「体」と 言う かん字と まちがえた。","translation":"I mistook the kanji 'rest' for the kanji 'body.'","reading":"「きゅう」というかんじを「たい」というかんじとまちがえた。","words":[{"text":"「休」","gloss":"rest","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"か","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"字","gloss":"kanji","reading":"じ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"「体」","gloss":"body","reading":"たい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"か","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"字","gloss":"kanji","reading":"じ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"for"},{"text":"まちがえ","gloss":"mistook"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt2.03","source":"たすのを ひくのと まちがえた。","translation":"I mistook addition for subtraction.","reading":"たすのをひくのとまちがえた。","words":[{"text":"たす","gloss":"addition"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ひく","gloss":"subtraction"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act"},{"text":"と","gloss":"for"},{"text":"まちがえ","gloss":"mistook"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt2.04","source":"生徒は よく 「行く」を 「来る」と まちがえる。","translation":"Students often mistake 'go' for 'come.'","reading":"せいとはよく「いく」を「くる」とまちがえる。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"often"},{"text":"「行く」","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"「来る」","gloss":"come","reading":"くる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"for"},{"text":"まちがえる。","gloss":"mistake"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt2.05","source":"私は あの人の おべんとうを 私のと まちがえて 食べた。","translation":"I mistook that person's boxed lunch for mine and ate it.","reading":"わたくしはあのひとのおべんとうをわたくしのとまちがえてたべた。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"お","gloss":"boxed lunch"},{"text":"べんとう","gloss":"boxed lunch"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"と","gloss":"for"},{"text":"まちがえ","gloss":"mistook"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"ate","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt2.05.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt2.06","source":"すきやきを りょうりする 時、 おしおを さとうと まちがえた。","translation":"When I was cooking sukiyaki, I mistook the salt for sugar.","reading":"すきやきをりょうりするとき、おしおをさとうとまちがえた。","words":[{"text":"すきやき","gloss":"sukiyaki"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"りょうり","gloss":"cook"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"時、","gloss":"when","reading":"とき"},{"text":"お","gloss":"salt"},{"text":"しお","gloss":"salt"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"さとう","gloss":"sugar"},{"text":"と","gloss":"for"},{"text":"まちがえ","gloss":"mistook"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt2.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"「体」","gloss":"body, health"},{"word":"たす","gloss":"to add (v.t.)"},{"word":"ひく","gloss":"to subtract (v.t.)"},{"word":"べんとう","gloss":"box lunch"},{"word":"すきやき","gloss":"SUKIYAKI"},{"word":"時、","gloss":"time"},{"word":"しお","gloss":"salt"},{"word":"さとう","gloss":"sugar"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Explaining mistaken identities · Pattern 2 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A mistaken time","paragraphs":["*ええ、 実は 六時半を 七時半と まちがえて、 一時間 早く 来たんです* means \"Yes, as a matter of fact, I mistook six-thirty for seven-thirty and came an hour early.\"","The mistake pattern identifies the two times. The TE-form connects the mistake to its result."]},{"title":"A mistaken possession","paragraphs":["*私は 昨日 友だちの えんぴつを 私のと まちがえて、 家へ 持って帰ったんです* means \"Yesterday I mistook my friend's pencil for mine and took it home.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt2.07","source":"私は スミスさんを 日本人と まちがえた。","translation":"I mistook Mr. Smith for a Japanese person.","reading":"わたくしはスミスさんをにほんじんとまちがえた。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese person"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese person"},{"text":"と","gloss":"for"},{"text":"まちがえ","gloss":"mistook"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt2.07.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt2.08","source":"そうですか。 あの人は 日本人に よく にているからね。","translation":"Is that so? He looks very much like a Japanese person.","reading":"そうですか。あのひとはにほんじんによくにているからね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese person"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese person"},{"text":"に","gloss":"like"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"に","gloss":"resemble"},{"text":"て","gloss":"resemble"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"resemble"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt2.09","source":"あなたは 今朝 ずい分 早く 学校へ 来たんですね。","translation":"You came to school very early this morning, didn't you?","reading":"あなたはけさずいぶんはやくがっこうへきたんですね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今朝","gloss":"this morning","reading":"けさ"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"very","reading":"ずいぶん"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt2.10","source":"ええ、 実は 六時半を 七時半と まちがえて、 一時間 早く 来たんです。","translation":"Yes, as a matter of fact, I mistook six-thirty for seven-thirty and came an hour early.","reading":"ええ、じつはろくじはんをしちじはんとまちがえて、いちじかんはやくきたんです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"実","gloss":"fact","reading":"じつ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six-thirty","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"時","gloss":"six-thirty","reading":"じ"},{"text":"半","gloss":"six-thirty","reading":"はん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven-thirty"},{"text":"時","gloss":"seven-thirty"},{"text":"半","gloss":"seven-thirty"},{"text":"と","gloss":"for"},{"text":"まちがえ","gloss":"mistook"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one hour","reading":"いち"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"one hour","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt2.11","source":"私は 昨日 友だちの えんぴつを 私のと まちがえて、 家へ 持って帰ったんです。","translation":"Yesterday I mistook my friend's pencil for mine and took it home.","reading":"わたくしはきのうともだちのえんぴつをわたくしのとまちがえて、いえへもってかえったんです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday","reading":"きのう"},{"text":"友だち","gloss":"friend","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"と","gloss":"for"},{"text":"まちがえ","gloss":"mistook"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"took","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"took"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"returned","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt2.11.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt2.12","source":"私も そんな 事を した 事が あります。","translation":"I have done that kind of thing too.","reading":"わたくしもそんなことをしたことがあります。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"そんな","gloss":"that kind of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"事","gloss":"experience","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt2.12.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"今朝","gloss":"this morning"},{"word":"ずい分","gloss":"very much"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Trying difficult actions · Pattern 3 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"An attempt that fails","paragraphs":["*まどを あけようとしたが、 あける事が 出来なかった* means \"I tried to open the window, but I could not.\"","The tentative form plus *とする* marks the attempt. The rest of the sentence states its failure."]},{"title":"An attempt that is difficult","paragraphs":["*一日に かん字を 二十 習おうとすると 大変です* means \"It is hard if you try to learn twenty kanji a day.\"","Here *大変です* describes the difficult result of the attempt."]}],"lines":[{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt3.m1","source":"自分だけで 習おうとすると、 大変です。","translation":"If you try to learn by yourself, it will be terrible.","reading":"じぶんだけでならおうとすると、たいへんです。","words":[{"text":"自分","gloss":"yourself","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"習おう","gloss":"try to learn","reading":"ならおう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"する","gloss":"try"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"hard","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt3.m1.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt3.01","source":"一日に かん字を 二十 習おうとすると 大変です。","translation":"It is hard if you try to learn twenty kanji a day.","reading":"いちにちにかんじをにじゅうならおうとするとたいへんです。","words":[{"text":"一","gloss":"one day","reading":"いち"},{"text":"日","gloss":"one day","reading":"にち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"二十","gloss":"twenty","reading":"にじゅう"},{"text":"習おう","gloss":"try to learn","reading":"ならおう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"する","gloss":"try"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"hard","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt3.01.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt3.02","source":"おきようとしたが、 おきる事は 出来なかった。","translation":"I tried to get up, but I could not.","reading":"おきようとしたが、おきることはできなかった。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"きよう","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"おきる","gloss":"get up"},{"text":"事","gloss":"the act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt3.02.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt3.03","source":"まどを あけようとしたが、 あける事が 出来なかった。","translation":"I tried to open the window, but I could not.","reading":"まどをあけようとしたが、あけることができなかった。","words":[{"text":"まど","gloss":"window"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あけよう","gloss":"try to open"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"あける","gloss":"open"},{"text":"事","gloss":"the act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt3.03.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt3.04","source":"たとうとしたが、 たてなかった。","translation":"I tried to stand up, but I could not.","reading":"たとうとしたが、たてなかった。","words":[{"text":"たとう","gloss":"try to stand"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"たて","gloss":"stand"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt3.04.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt3.05","source":"一人で 外国語を 勉強しようとするのは むりです。","translation":"It is impossible to try to study a foreign language by yourself.","reading":"ひとりでがいこくごをべんきょうしようとするのはむりです。","words":[{"text":"一人","gloss":"alone","reading":"ひとり"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign language","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"語","gloss":"foreign language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"しよう","gloss":"try to"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"する","gloss":"try"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むり","gloss":"impossible"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt3.05.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"二十","gloss":"20"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"おきる","gloss":"to rise, get up (v.i.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Trying but failing · Pattern 3 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Trying but not succeeding","paragraphs":["*家の中に はいろうとしましたが、 ドアが しまっていて、 はいれませんでした* means \"I tried to enter the house, but the door was closed and I could not get in.\"","The tentative form plus *としました* marks the attempt. The closed door prevents its completion."]},{"title":"Not making the effort","paragraphs":["*あの生徒は 言葉を おぼえようとしないのですね* means \"That student isn't trying to learn the language, is he?\"","The negative *しない* states that the student makes no attempt."]}],"lines":[{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt3.06","source":"家の中に はいろうとしましたが、 ドアが しまっていて、 はいれませんでした。","translation":"I tried to enter the house, but the door was closed and I could not get in.","reading":"いえのなかにはいろうとしましたが、ドアがしまっていて、はいれませんでした。","words":[{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"中","gloss":"inside","reading":"なか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"はいろう","gloss":"try to enter"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ドア","gloss":"door"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"しまっ","gloss":"closed"},{"text":"て","gloss":"closed"},{"text":"い","gloss":"closed"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"はいれ","gloss":"enter"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt3.06.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt3.07","source":"かぎを 持っていなかったのですね。","translation":"You didn't have a key, did you?","reading":"かぎをもっていなかったのですね。","words":[{"text":"かぎ","gloss":"key"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"have","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have"},{"text":"い","gloss":"have"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt3.07.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt3.08","source":"まだ 宿題を すませていないのですか。","translation":"Haven't you finished your homework yet?","reading":"まだしゅくだいをすませていないのですか。","words":[{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"宿題","gloss":"homework","reading":"しゅくだい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"すま","gloss":"finish"},{"text":"せ","gloss":"finish"},{"text":"て","gloss":"finish"},{"text":"い","gloss":"finish"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt3.08.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt3.09","source":"ええ、 今朝までに すませようとしましたが、 すませる 事が 出来ませんでした。","translation":"Yes, I tried to finish it by this morning, but I could not finish it.","reading":"ええ、けさまでにすませようとしましたが、すませることができませんでした。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"今朝","gloss":"this morning","reading":"けさ"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"すま","gloss":"finish"},{"text":"せよう","gloss":"try to finish"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"すま","gloss":"finish"},{"text":"せる","gloss":"finish"},{"text":"事","gloss":"the act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt3.09.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt3.10","source":"あの生徒は 言葉を おぼえようとしないのですね。","translation":"That student isn't trying to learn the language, is he?","reading":"あのせいとはことばをおぼえようとしないのですね。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"言葉","gloss":"language","reading":"ことば"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おぼえよう","gloss":"try to learn"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt3.10.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt3.11","source":"ええ、 言葉を おぼえていないから、 先生の しつもんが わからないのです。","translation":"No, since he hasn't learned the language, he doesn't understand the teacher's questions.","reading":"ええ、ことばをおぼえていないから、せんせいのしつもんがわからないのです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"言葉","gloss":"language","reading":"ことば"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おぼえ","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"て","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"い","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"しつもん","gloss":"questions"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"わから","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt3.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"しつもん","gloss":"question"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying what is enough · Pattern 4 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"One sufficient action","paragraphs":["*あなたは ただ ついて 行けば いい* means \"You only have to follow along.\"","The *ただ* pattern presents following along as the only necessary action."]},{"title":"One sufficient ability","paragraphs":["*いいえ、 ただ 読めれば いい* means \"No, you only have to be able to read it.\"","The answer limits the requirement to reading and excludes writing."]}],"lines":[{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt4.m1","source":"ただ 見ていればいいのです。","translation":"You only have to watch.","reading":"ただみていればいいのです。","words":[{"text":"ただ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"見","gloss":"watch","reading":"み"},{"text":"て","gloss":"watch"},{"text":"いれ","gloss":"watch"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"enough"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt4.m1.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt4.01","source":"あなたは ただ 聞いていれば いい。","translation":"You only have to listen.","reading":"あなたはただきいていればいい。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ただ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"聞い","gloss":"listen","reading":"きい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"listen"},{"text":"いれ","gloss":"listen"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いい。","gloss":"enough"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt4.01.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt4.02","source":"生徒は ただ 勉強すれば いい。","translation":"The students only have to study.","reading":"せいとはただべんきょうすればいい。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ただ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"study"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いい。","gloss":"enough"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt4.02.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt4.03","source":"あなたは ただ ついて 行けば いい。","translation":"You only have to follow along.","reading":"あなたはただついていけばいい。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ただ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"つい","gloss":"follow"},{"text":"て","gloss":"follow"},{"text":"行け","gloss":"go","reading":"いけ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いい。","gloss":"enough"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt4.03.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt4.04","source":"あなたは ただ 話す事が 出来れば いいのです。","translation":"You only have to be able to speak.","reading":"あなたはただはなすことができればいいのです。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ただ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"話す","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなす"},{"text":"事","gloss":"the act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来れ","gloss":"can","reading":"できれ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"enough"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt4.04.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt4.05","source":"ただ あの人に あえば いい。","translation":"You only have to meet that person.","reading":"ただあのひとにあえばいい。","words":[{"text":"ただ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"あえ","gloss":"meet"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いい。","gloss":"enough"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt4.05.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt4.06","source":"子供は ただ あそべば いい。","translation":"Children only have to play.","reading":"こどもはただあそべばいい。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ただ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"あそべ","gloss":"play"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いい。","gloss":"enough"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt4.06.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt4.07","source":"私たちは この かん字を 書くのを 習わなければ ならないのですか。","translation":"Do we have to learn to write this kanji?","reading":"わたくしたちはこのかんじをかくのをならわなければならないのですか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"we"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"書く","gloss":"write","reading":"かく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the act"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習わ","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならわ"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt4.07.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt4.08","source":"いいえ、 ただ 読めれば いい。","translation":"No, you only have to be able to read it.","reading":"いいえ、ただよめればいい。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"ただ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"読めれ","gloss":"can read","reading":"よめれ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いい。","gloss":"sufficient"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt4.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking what must be done · Pattern 4 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"A limited obligation","paragraphs":["The question *私も 手つだわなければ なりませんか* asks whether the speaker must also help.","The reply uses the *ただ* pattern. *あなたは ただ さしずしていれば いいのです* limits the duty to giving directions."]},{"title":"Listening is enough","paragraphs":["*私も たって 話さなければ ならないのですか* asks whether standing and speaking are required.","In *ただ こしかけて 聞いていれば いい*, remaining seated and listening are enough."]}],"lines":[{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt4.09","source":"私も 手つだわなければ なりませんか。","translation":"Do I have to help too?","reading":"わたくしもてつだわなければなりませんか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"手つだわ","gloss":"help","reading":"てつだわ"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt4.09.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt4.10","source":"いいえ、 あなたは ただ さしずしていれば いいのです。","translation":"No, you only have to give directions.","reading":"いいえ、あなたはたださしずしていればいいのです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ただ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"さしず","gloss":"directions"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"いれ","gloss":"remain"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"sufficient"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt4.10.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt4.11","source":"私も たって 話さなければ ならないのですか。","translation":"Do I have to stand up and speak too?","reading":"わたくしもたってはなさなければならないのですか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"たっ","gloss":"stand"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"話さ","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなさ"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt4.11.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt4.12","source":"いいえ、 ただ こしかけて 聞いていれば いい。","translation":"No, you only have to sit and listen.","reading":"いいえ、ただこしかけてきいていればいい。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"ただ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"こしかけ","gloss":"sit"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"聞い","gloss":"listen","reading":"きい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"いれ","gloss":"remain"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いい。","gloss":"sufficient"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt4.12.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt4.13","source":"日本語を 習う 生徒は かん字を 千ぐらい 習わなければ なりませんか。","translation":"Do students learning Japanese have to learn about a thousand kanji?","reading":"にほんごをならうせいとはかんじをせんぐらいならわなければなりませんか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習う","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならう"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"千","gloss":"thousand","reading":"せん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"習わ","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならわ"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt4.13.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt4.14","source":"小さい 子供は 毎日 働かなければ ならないのですか。","translation":"Do small children have to work every day?","reading":"ちいさいこどもはまいにちはたらかなければならないのですか。","words":[{"text":"小さい","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさい"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"働か","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらか"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt4.14.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt4.15","source":"あなた方は 毎晩 五時間 勉強しなければ なりませんか。","translation":"Do you have to study five hours every night?","reading":"あなたがたはまいばんごじかんべんきょうしなければなりませんか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you all"},{"text":"方","gloss":"you all","reading":"がた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎晩","gloss":"every night","reading":"まいばん"},{"text":"五","gloss":"five","reading":"ご"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt4.15.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt4.16","source":"あなた方は 一週間に 七日 学校へ 行かなければ なりませんか。","translation":"Do you have to go to school seven days a week?","reading":"あなたがたはいっしゅうかんになのかがっこうへいかなければなりませんか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you all"},{"text":"方","gloss":"you all","reading":"がた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"週間","gloss":"week","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt4.16.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L058.pt4.17","source":"軍人は 移転する 時には、 自分で 荷作りしなければ なりませんか。","translation":"When military personnel move, do they have to pack their belongings themselves?","reading":"ぐんじんはいてんするときには、じぶんでにづくりしなければなりませんか。","words":[{"text":"軍人","gloss":"military personnel","reading":"ぐんじん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"移転","gloss":"move","reading":"いてん"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"self","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"荷作り","gloss":"pack","reading":"にづくり"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.pt4.17.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"千","gloss":"1,000"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Moving with military help · Reading Selection 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Military help with the move","paragraphs":["Colonel Clark will move after the upstairs addition is completed. Military workers and trucks will handle loading, transport, unloading, and unpacking.","The person in charge has responsibility for the work. Colonel Clark or his wife remains nearby to give directions."]},{"title":"Which item goes where","paragraphs":["The two interrogatives in *どの荷物がどこに行くか* ask which belonging goes where.","Their only task is to identify each belonging and its destination for the workers."]}],"lines":[{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L058.rd.001","source":"クラーク大佐は借りた家の二階のたてましが、終ったのでいよ〱今週末ひっこす事になりました。","translation":"Since the addition to the second floor of the house Colonel Clark rented has been completed, he is finally going to move this weekend.","reading":"クラークたいさはかりたいえのにかいのたてましが、おわったのでいよいよこんしゅうまつひっこすことになりました。","words":[{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"大佐","gloss":"Colonel","reading":"たいさ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"借り","gloss":"rent","reading":"かり"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"二","gloss":"second floor","reading":"に"},{"text":"階","gloss":"second floor","reading":"かい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"たて","gloss":"addition"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"addition"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"終っ","gloss":"finish","reading":"おわっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"で","gloss":"because"},{"text":"いよ","gloss":"finally"},{"text":"〱","gloss":"finally"},{"text":"今週","gloss":"this week"},{"text":"末","gloss":"end"},{"text":"ひっこす","gloss":"move"},{"text":"事","gloss":"fact","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L058.rd.002","source":"クラークさんは軍人ですから運送店にたのまなくてもいいのです。","translation":"Since Mr. Clark is in the military, he does not have to hire a moving company.","reading":"クラークさんはぐんじんですからうんそうてんにたのまなくてもいいのです。","words":[{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"軍人","gloss":"military personnel","reading":"ぐんじん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"運送","gloss":"moving company","reading":"うんそう"},{"text":"店","gloss":"moving company","reading":"てん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"たのま","gloss":"hire"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"necessary"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L058.rd.003","source":"ほきゅうしょうの方から人夫を十名ばかりつれて来て、軍のトラックで運んでくれるのですから、自分で荷物を積んだり、トラックからおろしたりする心配はないのです。","translation":"Since about ten laborers will be brought from the quartermaster depot and will move his belongings in army trucks, he does not have to worry about loading or unloading them himself.","reading":"ほきゅうしょうのほうからにんぷをじゅうめいばかりつれてきて、ぐんのトラックではこんでくれるのですから、じぶんでにもつをつんだり、トラックからおろしたりするしんぱいはないのです。","words":[{"text":"ほ","gloss":"quartermaster depot"},{"text":"きゅう","gloss":"quartermaster depot"},{"text":"しょう","gloss":"quartermaster depot"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"方","gloss":"direction","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"人夫","gloss":"laborers","reading":"にんぷ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"十","gloss":"ten","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"名","gloss":"people","reading":"めい"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"about"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"bring"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"軍","gloss":"army","reading":"ぐん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"トラック","gloss":"trucks"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"運ん","gloss":"transport","reading":"はこん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"くれる","gloss":"for him"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"self","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"荷物","gloss":"belongings","reading":"にもつ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"積ん","gloss":"load","reading":"つん"},{"text":"だり、","gloss":"such things as"},{"text":"トラック","gloss":"trucks"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"おろし","gloss":"unload"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"such things as"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"心配","gloss":"worry","reading":"しんぱい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"none"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L058.rd.004","source":"このたびはそうこから運ぶ荷物が多いので、荷をとくのがおもな仕事です。","translation":"This time there are many belongings to be brought from the warehouse, so unpacking is the main job.","reading":"このたびはそうこからはこぶにもつがおおいので、にをとくのがおもなしごとです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"たび","gloss":"time"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"そうこ","gloss":"warehouse"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"運ぶ","gloss":"transport","reading":"はこぶ"},{"text":"荷物","gloss":"belongings","reading":"にもつ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"荷","gloss":"load","reading":"に"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"とく","gloss":"unpack"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"おもな","gloss":"main"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"job","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L058.rd.005","source":"荷をとくのもかかりの人が責任を持ってやってくれるので、クラークさんか奥さんがそばに居て、どの荷物がどこに行くか、ただ さしず","translation":"Since the person in charge will also take responsibility for unpacking, either Mr. Clark or his wife only has to stay nearby and give directions about where each item should go.","reading":"にをとくのもかかりのひとがせきにんをもってやってくれるので、クラークさんかおくさんがそばにいて、どのにもつがどこにいくか、たださしず","words":[{"text":"荷","gloss":"load","reading":"に"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"とく","gloss":"unpack"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"かかり","gloss":"in charge"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"責任","gloss":"responsibility","reading":"せきにん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"take","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"くれる","gloss":"for them"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"か","gloss":"or"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"そば","gloss":"nearby"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"居","gloss":"stay","reading":"い"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"which"},{"text":"荷物","gloss":"belongings","reading":"にもつ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"ただ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"さしず","gloss":"directions"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.rd.005.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"荷物","gloss":"luggage, baggage, load"},{"word":"そうこ","gloss":"warehouse"},{"word":"運ぶ","gloss":"to transport, carry"},{"word":"どの","gloss":"which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Preventing misplaced belongings · Reading Selection 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Careful directions prevent trouble","paragraphs":["A belonging for upstairs might be mistaken for one meant for the downstairs living room. The mistake pattern appears in *まちがえたり*.","The Clarks must therefore take care when directing the workers."]},{"title":"Moving the item again","paragraphs":["*後で自分たちだけで荷物を移そうとすると、大変です* means \"It would be very difficult if they tried to move the belongings by themselves later.\"","The tentative form plus *と する* marks the attempted action."]}],"lines":[{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L058.rd.006","source":"すればいいのです。","translation":"That is all they have to do.","reading":"すればいいのです。","words":[{"text":"すれ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"sufficient"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L058.rd.007","source":"もし二階へ行くのを下の居間へ行くのとまちがえたりすると、後で大変困るので、さしずする時には、気をつけなければなりません。","translation":"If they mistake something meant for upstairs for something meant for the downstairs living room, it will cause a great deal of trouble later, so they must be careful when giving directions.","reading":"もしにかいへいくのをしたのいまへいくのとまちがえたりすると、あとでたいへんこまるので、さしずするときには、きをつけなければなりません。","words":[{"text":"もし","gloss":"if"},{"text":"二","gloss":"upstairs","reading":"に"},{"text":"階","gloss":"upstairs","reading":"かい"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"下","gloss":"downstairs","reading":"した"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"居間","gloss":"living room","reading":"いま"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"まちがえ","gloss":"mistake"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"such things as"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"後","gloss":"later","reading":"あと"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"困る","gloss":"be troubled","reading":"こまる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"さしず","gloss":"directions"},{"text":"する","gloss":"give"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"気","gloss":"care","reading":"き"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つけ","gloss":"take"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L058.rd.008","source":"後で自分たちだけで荷物を移そうとすると、大変です。","translation":"It would be very difficult if they tried to move the belongings by themselves later.","reading":"あとでじぶんたちだけでにもつをうつそうとすると、たいへんです。","words":[{"text":"後","gloss":"later","reading":"あと"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"self","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"group"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"荷物","gloss":"belongings","reading":"にもつ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"移そう","gloss":"try to move","reading":"うつそう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"する","gloss":"try"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"difficult","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L058.rd.009","source":"クラークさんたちは長い間軍に居て、移転にはなれていますから、多分そんなまちがいはないでしょう。","translation":"The Clarks have been in the military for a long time and are used to moving, so they probably will not make that kind of mistake.","reading":"クラークさんたちはながいあいだぐんにいて、いてんにはなれていますから、たぶんそんなまちがいはないでしょう。","words":[{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"たち","gloss":"family"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"長い","gloss":"long"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time"},{"text":"軍","gloss":"military"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"居","gloss":"be","reading":"い"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"移転","gloss":"moving","reading":"いてん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"はなれ","gloss":"accustomed"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"い","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"多分","gloss":"probably","reading":"たぶん"},{"text":"そんな","gloss":"that kind of"},{"text":"まちがい","gloss":"mistake"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"none"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.rd.009.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"もし","gloss":"if"},{"word":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Questions about moving arrangements · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The moving arrangements","paragraphs":["These questions ask when Colonel Clark moves, whether the addition is complete, who transports the belongings, and which work is central.","*このたびは どんな 仕事が おもですか* means \"What is the main job this time?\" An answer names unpacking as the main job."]}],"lines":[{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L058.q.001","source":"クラーク大佐は いつ ひっこす 事に なりましたか。","translation":"When is Colonel Clark going to move?","reading":"クラークたいさはいつひっこすことになりましたか。","words":[{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"大佐","gloss":"Colonel","reading":"たいさ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"ひっこす","gloss":"move"},{"text":"事","gloss":"fact","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.q.001.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L058.q.002","source":"クラーク大佐の 借りた 家の 二階の たてましは 終りましたか。","translation":"Has the addition to the second floor of the house Colonel Clark rented been completed?","reading":"クラークたいさのかりたいえのにかいのたてましはおわりましたか。","words":[{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"大佐","gloss":"Colonel","reading":"たいさ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"借り","gloss":"rent","reading":"かり"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"二","gloss":"second floor","reading":"に"},{"text":"階","gloss":"second floor","reading":"かい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"たて","gloss":"addition"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"addition"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"終り","gloss":"finish","reading":"おわり"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.q.002.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L058.q.003","source":"クラークさんは 運送店に たのまなくては なりませんでしたか。","translation":"Did Mr. Clark have to hire a moving company?","reading":"クラークさんはうんそうてんにたのまなくてはなりませんでしたか。","words":[{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"運送","gloss":"moving company","reading":"うんそう"},{"text":"店","gloss":"moving company","reading":"てん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"たのま","gloss":"hire"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.q.003.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L058.q.004","source":"だれが 荷物を 運んでくれますか。","translation":"Who will move his belongings for him?","reading":"だれがにもつをはこんでくれますか。","words":[{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"荷物","gloss":"belongings","reading":"にもつ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"運ん","gloss":"transport","reading":"はこん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for him"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.q.004.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L058.q.005","source":"クラークさんは 自分で 荷物を トラックに 積んだり、 トラックから おろしたりする 心配は ありませんか。","translation":"Does Mr. Clark have to worry about loading his belongings onto the truck and unloading them himself?","reading":"クラークさんはじぶんでにもつをトラックにつんだり、トラックからおろしたりするしんぱいはありませんか。","words":[{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"self","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"荷物","gloss":"belongings","reading":"にもつ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"トラック","gloss":"truck"},{"text":"に","gloss":"onto"},{"text":"積ん","gloss":"load","reading":"つん"},{"text":"だり、","gloss":"such things as"},{"text":"トラック","gloss":"truck"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"おろし","gloss":"unload"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"such things as"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"心配","gloss":"worry","reading":"しんぱい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.q.005.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L058.q.006","source":"このたびは どんな 仕事が おもですか。","translation":"What is the main job this time?","reading":"このたびはどんなしごとがおもですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"たび","gloss":"time"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"job","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"おも","gloss":"main"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.q.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"いつ","gloss":"when?"},{"word":"だれ","gloss":"who?"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Questions about moving responsibilities · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Responsibilities during the move","paragraphs":["These questions ask who unpacks, what the Clarks must do, and why they must direct the workers carefully.","*クラークふさいは どうすれば いいのですか* means \"What do Mr. and Mrs. Clark have to do?\" An answer names staying nearby and giving directions.","Another answer explains that moving misplaced belongings without help would be difficult."]}],"lines":[{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L058.q.007","source":"荷を とくのは だれが 責任を 持って やりますか。","translation":"Who will take responsibility for unpacking?","reading":"にをとくのはだれがせきにんをもってやりますか。","words":[{"text":"荷","gloss":"load","reading":"に"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"とく","gloss":"unpack"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"責任","gloss":"responsibility","reading":"せきにん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"take","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"やり","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.q.007.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L058.q.008","source":"クラークふさいは どうすれば いいのですか。","translation":"What do Mr. and Mrs. Clark have to do?","reading":"クラークふさいはどうすればいいのですか。","words":[{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"ふさい","gloss":"married couple"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"sufficient"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.q.008.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L058.q.009","source":"なぜ さしずする 時に 気を つけなければ なりませんか。","translation":"Why must they be careful when giving directions?","reading":"なぜさしずするときにきをつけなければなりませんか。","words":[{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"さしず","gloss":"directions"},{"text":"する","gloss":"give"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"気","gloss":"care","reading":"き"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つけ","gloss":"take"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.q.009.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L058.q.010","source":"後で 自分たちだけで 荷物を 移そうとすると 大変ですか。","translation":"Would it be difficult if they tried to move the belongings by themselves later?","reading":"あとでじぶんたちだけでにもつをうつそうとするとたいへんですか。","words":[{"text":"後","gloss":"later","reading":"あと"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"self","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"group"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"荷物","gloss":"belongings","reading":"にもつ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"移そう","gloss":"try to move","reading":"うつそう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"する","gloss":"try"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"difficult","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.q.010.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L058.q.011","source":"クラークさんたちは そんな まちがいは ないでしょうか。","translation":"The Clarks probably will not make that kind of mistake, will they?","reading":"クラークさんたちはそんなまちがいはないでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"クラーク","gloss":"Clark"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"たち","gloss":"family"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"そんな","gloss":"that kind of"},{"text":"まちがい","gloss":"mistake"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"none"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.q.011.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L058.q.012","source":"なぜでしょうか。","translation":"Why not?","reading":"なぜでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.q.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ふさい","gloss":"Mr. and Mrs."},{"word":"なぜ","gloss":"why?"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Moving services and workers · Word list 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"People and transport for a move","paragraphs":["These words cover moving services, military help, workers, and transport.","*運送店* means \"transfer company\", *人夫* means \"laborer\", and *トラック* means \"truck\".","The related pair *ひっこし* and *ひっこす* names moving and the action \"to move\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.001","source":"移転(する)","translation":"moving (to move)","reading":"いてん(する)","words":[{"text":"移転(する)","gloss":"moving","reading":"いてん(する)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.001.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.002","source":"ひっこし","translation":"moving, change of address","reading":"ひっこし","words":[{"text":"ひっこし","gloss":"moving"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.002.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.003","source":"ひっこす","translation":"to move (v.i.)","reading":"ひっこす","words":[{"text":"ひっこす","gloss":"move"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.003.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.004","source":"ほきゅうしょう","translation":"quartermaster depot","reading":"ほきゅうしょう","words":[{"text":"ほきゅうしょう","gloss":"quartermaster depot"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.004.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.005","source":"人夫","translation":"laborer, coolie","reading":"にんぷ","words":[{"text":"人夫","gloss":"laborer","reading":"にんぷ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.005.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.006","source":"--名","translation":"counter for counting men","reading":"--めい","words":[{"text":"--名","gloss":"people counter","reading":"--めい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.006.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.007","source":"ばかり","translation":"about","reading":"ばかり","words":[{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"about"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.007.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.008","source":"運送店","translation":"transfer company","reading":"うんそうてん","words":[{"text":"運送店","gloss":"moving company","reading":"うんそうてん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.008.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.009","source":"たのむ","translation":"to ask, request","reading":"たのむ","words":[{"text":"たのむ","gloss":"ask"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.009.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.010","source":"--のではないんですか","translation":"aren't you --- (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--のではないんですか","words":[{"text":"--のではないんですか","gloss":"aren't you doing so?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.010.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.011","source":"軍","translation":"army, military","reading":"ぐん","words":[{"text":"軍","gloss":"military","reading":"ぐん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.011.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.012","source":"トラック","translation":"truck","reading":"トラック","words":[{"text":"トラック","gloss":"truck"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"移転(する)","gloss":"moving (to move)"},{"word":"ほきゅうしょう","gloss":"quartermaster depot"},{"word":"--名","gloss":"counter for counting men"},{"word":"運送店","gloss":"transfer company"},{"word":"--のではないんですか","gloss":"aren't you --- (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Loading, unpacking and directing · Word list 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Handling and directing a load","paragraphs":["These words cover carrying, loading, unloading, unpacking, and directing workers.","*積む* means \"to load\", *おろす* means \"to unload\", and *荷をとく* means \"to unpack\".","The entries also collect the expressions for sufficient action, mistaken identity, attempted action, and *大変です*, meaning \"It's terrible.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.013","source":"運ぶ","translation":"to transport, carry","reading":"はこぶ","words":[{"text":"運ぶ","gloss":"transport","reading":"はこぶ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.013.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.014","source":"荷","translation":"load, luggage, cargo","reading":"に","words":[{"text":"荷","gloss":"load","reading":"に"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.014.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.015","source":"積む","translation":"to load, pile up","reading":"つむ","words":[{"text":"積む","gloss":"load","reading":"つむ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.015.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.016","source":"おろす","translation":"to unload, take down","reading":"おろす","words":[{"text":"おろす","gloss":"unload"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.016.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.017","source":"責任","translation":"responsibility","reading":"せきにん","words":[{"text":"責任","gloss":"responsibility","reading":"せきにん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.017.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.018","source":"荷をとく","translation":"to unpack","reading":"にをとく","words":[{"text":"荷をとく","gloss":"unpack","reading":"にをとく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.018.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.019","source":"さしずする","translation":"to direct, instruct, order","reading":"さしずする","words":[{"text":"さしずする","gloss":"give directions"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.019.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.020","source":"ただ--すればいい","translation":"The only thing you have to do is ---, You only have to --- (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"ただ--すればいい","words":[{"text":"ただ--すればいい","gloss":"just do this"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.020.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.021","source":"--を--とまちがえる","translation":"to mistake --- for --- (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"--を--とまちがえる","words":[{"text":"--を--とまちがえる","gloss":"mistake one for another"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.021.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.022","source":"どれがどこに行くか","translation":"What goes where (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"どれがどこにいくか","words":[{"text":"どれがどこに行くか","gloss":"what goes where","reading":"どれがどこにいくか"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.022.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.023","source":"大変です","translation":"It's terrible, it's catastrophic (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"たいへんです","words":[{"text":"大変です","gloss":"it is terrible","reading":"たいへんです"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.023.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.024","source":"--そうとする","translation":"to try to, about to (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--そうとする","words":[{"text":"--そうとする","gloss":"try to do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"積む","gloss":"to load, pile up"},{"word":"おろす","gloss":"to unload, take down"},{"word":"荷をとく","gloss":"to unpack"},{"word":"さしずする","gloss":"to direct, instruct, order"},{"word":"ただ--すればいい","gloss":"The only thing you have to do is ---, You only have to --- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"--を--とまちがえる","gloss":"to mistake --- for --- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"どれがどこに行くか","gloss":"What goes where (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"大変です","gloss":"It's terrible, it's catastrophic (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"--そうとする","gloss":"to try to, about to (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Packing and military transfers · Word list 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Packing and repeated transfers","paragraphs":["These words cover packing, becoming accustomed to moves, and changing military posts.","*荷作りする* means \"to pack\", *なれる* means \"to get accustomed\", and *転任* means \"transfer\".","*私は 移転には なれています* means \"I am used to moving.\" The remaining lines describe frequent military transfers and quick packing."]}],"lines":[{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.025","source":"移す","translation":"to move, relocate, shift","reading":"うつす","words":[{"text":"移す","gloss":"move","reading":"うつす"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.025.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.026","source":"すみません","translation":"I am sorry, much obliged","reading":"すみません","words":[{"text":"すみません","gloss":"I am sorry"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.026.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.027","source":"なれる","translation":"to get used to, get accustomed","reading":"なれる","words":[{"text":"なれる","gloss":"get used to"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.027.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.028","source":"荷作りする","translation":"to pack","reading":"にづくりする","words":[{"text":"荷作りする","gloss":"pack","reading":"にづくりする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.028.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.029","source":"どうしても","translation":"whether willing or not, by all means","reading":"どうしても","words":[{"text":"どうしても","gloss":"by all means"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.029.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.030","source":"どちらかと言うと","translation":"If I may say so, rather","reading":"どちらかというと","words":[{"text":"どちらかと言うと","gloss":"rather","reading":"どちらかというと"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.030.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.031","source":"転任(する)","translation":"change of post, transfer (to transfer)","reading":"てんにん(する)","words":[{"text":"転任(する)","gloss":"transfer posts","reading":"てんにん(する)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.031.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.032","source":"私は 移転には なれています。","translation":"I am used to moving.","reading":"わたくしはいてんにはなれています。","words":[{"text":"私は移転にはなれています。","gloss":"used to moving","reading":"わたくしはいてんにはなれています。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.032.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.033","source":"私は 荷作りするのも、 とくのも 早いです。","translation":"I am quick at packing and unpacking.","reading":"わたくしはにづくりするのも、とくのもはやいです。","words":[{"text":"私は荷作りするのも、とくのも早いです。","gloss":"packs and unpacks quickly","reading":"わたくしはにづくりするのも、とくのもはやいです。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.033.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.034","source":"軍に 居ると、 二三年に 一度は どうしても 転任です。","translation":"I have to change posts once in two or three years whether willing or not, if I stay in the Army.","reading":"ぐんにいると、にさんねんにいちどはどうしてもてんにんです。","words":[{"text":"軍に居ると、二三年に一度はどうしても転任です。","gloss":"Army posts change regularly","reading":"ぐんにいると、にさんねんにいちどはどうしてもてんにんです。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.034.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"ja.dli.L058.w.035","source":"日本では、 どちらかと言うと、 転任は 少ない方です。","translation":"In Japan, changing of posts is rather rare.","reading":"にほんでは、どちらかというと、てんにんはすくないほうです。","words":[{"text":"日本では、どちらかと言うと、転任は少ない方です。","gloss":"Japan has few transfers","reading":"にほんでは、どちらかというと、てんにんはすくないほうです。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L058.w.035.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":7,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\n1. Talk about your experience in moving from one post to another.\n\n2. Converse with your classmates about moving from one post to another.\n\na. transferred from where to where\n\nb. means of transportation\n\nc. how household goods are transferred\n\nd. about packing and unpacking, etc."},{"section":8,"text":"Homework\n\n1. Memorize the Dialogue and study the vocabulary.\n\n2. Study the Pattern Drills.\n\n3. Learn to read and write the new kanji.\n\n4. Read the Explanatory Notes.\n\n5. Use the guide given for practice in free conversation."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"移す","gloss":"to move, relocate, shift"},{"word":"すみません","gloss":"I am sorry, much obliged"},{"word":"なれる","gloss":"to get used to, get accustomed"},{"word":"荷作りする","gloss":"to pack"},{"word":"どうしても","gloss":"whether willing or not, by all means"},{"word":"どちらかと言うと","gloss":"If I may say so, rather"},{"word":"転任(する)","gloss":"change of post, transfer (to transfer)"},{"word":"私は移転にはなれています。","gloss":"\"I am used to moving.\""},{"word":"私は荷作りするのも、とくのも早いです。","gloss":"\"I am quick at packing and unpacking.\""},{"word":"軍に居ると、二三年に一度はどうしても転任です。","gloss":"\"I have to change posts once in two or three years whether willing or not, if I stay in the Army.\""},{"word":"日本では、どちらかと言うと、転任は少ない方です。","gloss":"\"In Japan, changing of posts is rather rare.\""}],"paradigms":[]}]}