# Japanese Basic Course, Lesson 6 Sounds, kana, and the first conversations Source: https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/6. Data: https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/6.json. ## Asking where objects are · Dialogue 1 of 3 ### Where the box is A class begins with two speakers locating a box. One asks *Hako wa doko ni arimasu ka*: "Where is the box?" The reply is *Hako wa tsukue no ue ni arimasu*: "The box is on top of the desk." ### The place before the verb In *Hako wa doko ni arimasu ka*, *doko ni* asks where the box is. The particle *ni* marks its place. The answer uses *tsukue no ue ni*, "on top of the desk," before *arimasu*. The word *no* links *tsukue* to *ue*. ### Hiragana: きゃ to じょ Each kana is one syllable. Read the kana, then its sound in romaji. **1** Ohayoo gozaimasu. おはよおございます Good morning. **2** Ohayoo gozaimasu. おはよおございます Good morning. **3** Saa, hajimemashoo. さあはじめましょお Well, let’s begin. **4** Hai, hajimemashoo. はいはじめましょお Yes, let’s begin. **5** Hako wa doko ni arimasu ka? はこわどこにありますか Where is the box? **6** Hako wa tsukue no ue ni arimasu. はこわつくえのうえにあります The box is on top of the desk. ``` NI The particle NI is placed immediately after place nouns in sentences with the existential verbs ARIMASU to indicate the place of existence. Some of the place nouns used in this lesson are: koko here soko there asoko over there ue top naka inside shita underneath ``` ``` Locative phrases to indicate specific places of existence are formed by the pattern: Noun or pronoun + NO + place noun + NI HAKO NO UE NI on top of the box HAKO NO NAKA NI inside of the box TSUKUE NO SHITA NI underneath the desk Place noun + NI KOKO NI here SOKO NI there ASOKO NI over there GAKKOO NI in school KYOOSHITSU NI in the classroom Examples: HON WA TSUKUE NO UE NI ARIMASU. 'The book is on top of the desk.' TSUKUE WA SOKO NI ARIMASU. 'The desk is there.' HAKO WA TSUKUE NO SHITA NI ARIMASU. 'The box is under the desk.' HON WA KOKO NI ARIMASEN. 'The book is not here.' KABAN WA KYOOSHITSU NI ARIMASEN. 'The briefcase is not in the classroom.' ``` ## Locating classroom belongings · Dialogue 2 of 3 ### Inside, under, and nearby The speakers locate chalk, a briefcase, and a textbook. *Hakuboku wa hako no naka ni arimasu* means "The chalk is inside the box." The speakers also look for a briefcase. *Hai, soko ni arimasu* means "Yes, it is there," answering the question about the textbook. **7** Hakuboku wa doko ni arimasu ka? はくぼくわどこにありますか Where is the chalk? **8** Hakuboku wa hako no naka ni arimasu. はくぼくわはこのなかにあります The chalk is inside the box. **9** Watakushi no kaban wa doko ni arimasu ka? わたくしのかばんわどこにありますか Where is my briefcase? **10** Anata no kaban wa tsukue no shita ni arimasu. あなたのかばんわつくえのしたにあります Your briefcase is under the box. **11** Watakushi no kyookasho wa koko ni arimasu ka? わたくしのきょおかしょわここにありますか Is my textbook here? **12** Hai, soko ni arimasu. はいそこにあります Yes, it’s there. ## Finding a misplaced hat · Dialogue 3 of 3 ### Not there, but over there One speaker asks *Watakushi no booshi mo koko ni arimasu ka*: "Is my hat here, too?" *Iie, anata no booshi wa soko ni arimasen* means "No, your hat is not there." The correction is *Asoko ni arimasu*: "It's over there." **13** Watakushi no booshi mo koko ni arimasu ka? わたくしのぼおしもここにありますか Is my hat here, too? **14** Iie, anata no booshi wa soko ni arimasen. Asoko ni arimasu. いいえあなたのぼおしわそこにありませんあそこにあります No, your hat is not there. It’s over there. **15** Hai, yoku dekimashita. はいよくできました Yes, well done. **16** Doomo arigatoo gozaimasu. どおもありがとおございます Thank you very much. **17** Doo itashimashite. どおいたしまして Not at all. ## Boxes, chalk and briefcases · Perception Drill 1 ### Three classroom objects *hako* means "box," *hakuboku* means "chalk," and *kaban* means "briefcase." *Kore wa nan desu ka* asks "What is this?" One answer is *Sore wa hako desu*: "That is a box." **18** hako はこ box **19** hakuboku はくぼく chalk **20** kaban かばん briefcase **21** Saa, hajimemashoo. さあはじめましょお Well, let's begin. **22** Hai, hajimemashoo. はいはじめましょお Yes, let's begin. **23** Saa, hajimemashoo. さあはじめましょお Well, let's begin. **24** Hai, hajimemashoo. はいはじめましょお Yes, let's begin. **25** Kore wa nan desu ka? これわなんですか What is this? **26** Sore wa hako desu. それわはこです That is a box. **27** Kore wa nan desu ka? これわなんですか What is this? ## Position words around a box · Perception Drill 2 ### Places and positions *koko*, *soko*, and *asoko* mean "here," "there," and "over there." *doko* asks "where?" *naka* means "inside," as in *hako no naka*. *hako no ue* means "the top of the box." *hako no shita* means "under the box." **28** Sore wa hakuboku desu. それわはくぼくです That is chalk. **29** Kore wa nan desu ka? これわなんですか What is this? **30** Sore wa kaban desu. それわかばんです That is a briefcase. **31** koko ここ here **32** soko そこ there **33** asoko あそこ over there **34** doko? どこ where? **35** naka -- hako no naka なかはこのなか inside—the inside of the box **36** ue -- hako no ue うえはこのうえ on top—the top of the box **37** shita -- hako no shita したはこのした underneath—under the box ## Here, there and inside · Perception Drill 3 ### A place before the verb *koko ni* means "here." The particle *ni* follows the place word *koko*. In *koko ni arimasu*, *ni* marks the place where something is. The same pattern gives *soko ni arimasu*, "It is there." ### A place made from two nouns *hako no naka ni* means "inside the box." The noun *hako* comes first, followed by *no*, *naka*, and *ni*. The same pattern gives *hako no ue ni*, "on top of the box," and *hako no shita ni*, "underneath the box." **38** koko ni ここに here **39** soko ni そこに there **40** asoko ni あそこに over there **41** doko ni? どこに Where? **42** hako no naka ni はこのなかに inside the box **43** hako no ue ni はこのうえに on top of the box **44** hako no shita ni はこのしたに underneath the box **45** Doko ni arimasu ka? どこにありますか Where is it? **46** koko ni arimasu ここにあります It is here. **47** soko ni arimasu そこにあります It is there. ## Locating desks, chairs and windows · Perception Drill 4 ### Where classroom objects are *Tsukue wa doko ni arimasu ka* means "Where is the desk?" The reply *Tsukue wa koko ni arimasu* means "The desk is here." The particle *ni* after a place, as in *koko ni*, also gives *soko ni* for the chair and *asoko ni* for the window. **48** asoko ni arimasu あそこにあります It is over there. **49** naka ni arimasu なかにあります It is inside. **50** ue ni arimasu うえにあります It is on top. **51** shita ni arimasu したにあります It is underneath. **52** Tsukue wa doko ni arimasu ka? つくえわどこにありますか Where is the desk? **53** Tsukue wa koko ni arimasu. つくえわここにあります The desk is here. **54** Isu wa doko ni arimasu ka? いすわどこにありますか Where is the chair? **55** Isu wa soko ni arimasu. いすわそこにあります The chair is there. **56** Mado wa doko ni arimasu ka? まどわどこにありますか Where is the window? **57** Mado wa asoko ni arimasu. まどわあそこにあります The window is over there. ## Objects on, in and under · Perception Drill 5 ### Objects in specific places *Kyookasho wa tsukue no ue ni arimasu* means "The textbook is on the desk." Its location is *tsukue no ue ni*, like *hako no naka ni* for the pencil and *tsukue no shita ni* for the briefcase. *arimasen* denies *soko ni* before *Asoko ni arimasu* gives the correct place. **58** Kokuban wa koko ni arimasu ka? こくばんわここにありますか Is the blackboard here? **59** Iie, kokuban wa soko ni arimasen. Asoko ni arimasu. いいえこくばんわそこにありませんあそこにあります No, the blackboard is not there. It is over there. **60** Kyookasho wa doko ni arimasu ka? きょおかしょわどこにありますか Where is the textbook? **61** Kyookasho wa tsukue no ue ni arimasu. きょおかしょわつくえのうえにあります The textbook is on the desk. **62** Enpitsu wa doko ni arimasu ka? えんぴつわどこにありますか Where is the pencil? **63** Enpitsu wa hako no naka ni arimasu. えんぴつわはこのなかにあります The pencil is in the box. **64** Kaban wa doko ni arimasu ka? かばんわどこにありますか Where is the briefcase? **65** Kaban wa tsukue no shita ni arimasu. かばんわつくえのしたにあります The briefcase is under the desk. ## Classroom objects and locations · Word list 1 of 12 ### Objects and their locations The objects include *hako*, "box," *hakuboku*, "chalk," and *kaban*, "briefcase." The place words range from *koko*, "here," to *asoko*, "over there." The positions include *naka*, "inside," *ue*, "top," and *shita*, "underneath." **66** hako はこ box **67** hakuboku はくぼく chalk **68** kaban かばん briefcase **69** doko どこ where? **70** koko ここ here **71** soko そこ there **72** asoko あそこ over there **73** naka なか inside **74** ue うえ top **75** shita した underneath **76** ni に on, in, to, etc. **77** saa さあ well ## Box positions and possession words · Word list 2 of 12 ### Positions and possession The box phrases are *hako no naka ni*, "inside the box," and *hako no ue ni*, "on top of the box." *anata* means "you," while *anata no* means "your, yours." *ano-kata* means "that person over there." The two entries spelled *-ame* mean "rain" and "candy." **78** hajimemashoo はじめましょお let’s begin **79** hako no naka ni はこのなかに inside the box **80** hako no ue ni はこのうえに on top of the box **81** hako no shita ni はこのしたに underneath the box **82** -ame あめ rain **83** -ame あめ candy **84** anata あなた you **85** anata-gata あなたがた you **86** anata-gata no あなたがたの your, yours **87** anata no あなたの your, yours **88** ano あの that **89** ano-kata あのかた that person over there ## Descriptions, body and health words · Word list 3 of 12 ### Descriptions and existence This group covers descriptions, health, the body, a hat, a map, and a light. *byooki* means "sick," while *ashi* means "feet, leg." The same word *atsui* means either "hot" or "thick." *arimasu* means "is, are," and *arimasen* means "is not, are not." **90** ano-kata no あのかたの his **91** arimasen ありません is not, are not **92** arimasu あります is, are **93** atsui あつい hot **94** atsui あつい thick **95** ashi あし feet, leg **96** booshi ぼおし hat **97** byooki びょおき sick **98** chiisai ちいさい small **99** chizu ちず map **100** dentoo でんとお electric light **101** desu です is, are, am ## Questions, thanks and stationery · Word list 4 of 12 ### Where, whose, and thanks This group covers question words, thanks, stationery, school, and payday. *doko* means "where?" and *donata no* means "whose?" *Doomo arigatoo gozaimasu* means "Thank you very much." The stationery includes *enpitsu*, "pencil." **102** dewa でわ then **103** dewa arimasen でわありません is not, are not **104** dewa mata ashita でわまたあした I’ll see you tomorrow, then. **105** doko どこ where? **106** donata どなた who? **107** donata no どなたの whose? **108** doo itashimashite どおいたしまして Don’t mention it. **109** Doomo arigatoo gozaimasu どおもありがとおございます Thank you very much. **110** e え picture **111** enpitsu えんぴつ pencil **112** gakkoo がっこお school **113** gekkyuubi げっきゅうび payday ## Soldiers, weapons and common nouns · Word list 5 of 12 ### People, weapons, and objects This group covers soldiers, weapons, classroom objects, and common nouns. *gun jin* means "soldier," while *heiki* means "weapon." The objects include *hako*, "box." The two entries spelled *hi* mean "fire" and "sun." **114** genki desu げんきです I am fine. **115** gun jin ぐんじん soldier **116** hai はい yes **117** hajimemashoo はじめましょお Let’s begin. **118** hako はこ box **119** hakuboku はくぼく chalk **120** hana はな nose **121** hashi はし bridge **122** heiki へいき weapon **123** heisotsu へいそつ private **124** hi ひ fire **125** hi ひ sun ## Books, furniture and question words · Word list 6 of 12 ### Books, furniture, and questions This group covers books, furniture, people, classroom objects, and questions. *hon* means "book," and *isu* means "chair." The particle *ka* marks a question. *Ikaga desu ka* means "How are you?" **126** hi ひ day **127** hon ほん book **128** iie いいえ no **129** Ikaga desu ka? いかがですか How are you? **130** isu いす chair **131** ka か question particle **132** ka -- ka? かか --is -- or? **133** kaban かばん briefcase **134** kabe かべ wall **135** kami かみ paper **136** kanai かない my wife **137** kashikan かしかん NCO ## Tickets, people and pointing words · Word list 7 of 12 ### Pointing to things and people This group covers tickets, pointing words, people, and classroom objects. *kippu* means "ticket," while *kokuban* means "blackboard." *kono* and *kore* both mean "this." *kono-kata* means "this person, he, she." **138** kippu きっぷ ticket **139** kitte きって stamp **140** kokuban こくばん blackboard **141** konnichi wa こんにちわ hello **142** kono この this **143** kono-kata このかた this person, he, she **144** kono-kata no このかたの his, her, hers **145** kore これ this **146** kuchi くち mouth **147** kyoo きょお today **148** kyookasho きょおかしょ textbook **149** kyooshitsu きょおしつ classroom ## Body, dimensions and location words · Word list 8 of 12 ### Body, size, and location This group covers body parts, dimensions, and location words. *me* means "eye," while *mimi* means "ear." The descriptions are *mijikai*, "short," and *nagai*, "long." *naka ni* means "in." **150** matchi まっち matches **151** mado まど window **152** me め eye **153** mimi みみ ear **154** mijikai みじかい short **155** mo も also **156** moo jikan desu もおじかんです It’s time already. **157** nagai ながい long **158** naka なか inside **159** nan なん what? **160** ni に to, on, in, etc. **161** naka ni なかに in ## Position, greetings and descriptions · Word list 9 of 12 ### Positions, greetings, and descriptions This group covers position phrases, greetings, and descriptions. *ue ni* means "on," while *shita ni* means "under." *Ohayoo gozaimasu* means "Good morning." The two entries spelled *sake* mean "salmon" and "Japanese rice wine." **162** ue ni うえに on **163** shita ni したに under **164** nippongo にっぽんご Japanese language **165** Ogenki desu ka? おげんきですか Are you fine? **166** Ohayoo gozaimasu. おはよおございます Good morning. **167** Okagesama de. おかげさまで Thanks to you. **168** okusan おくさん madam, Mrs. (others) **169** ookii おおきい large **170** saa さあ well **171** samui さむい cold **172** sake さけ salmon **173** sake さけ Japanese rice wine ## People, farewells and military words · Word list 10 of 12 ### People, farewells, and military words This group covers people, farewells, military terms, and location words. *seito* means "student," while *sensei* means "teacher." *Sayonara* and *Sayoonara* both mean "Goodbye." The military words include *shoojuu*, "rifle," and *shookoo*, "officer." **174** --san さん Mr., Mrs., Miss, etc. **175** Sayonara. さよなら Goodbye. **176** Sayoonara. さよおなら Goodbye. **177** seito せいと student **178** sensei せんせい teacher **179** shinbun しんぶん newspaper **180** Shirimasen. しりません I don’t know. **181** Shirimasen ka? しりませんか Don’t you know? **182** shita した underneath **183** shoojuu しょおじゅう rifle **184** shookoo しょおこお officer **185** soko そこ there ## People, furniture and body words · Word list 11 of 12 ### People, furniture, and objects This group covers people, furniture, body words, and common objects. *sono-kata* means "that person," and *te* means "hand." Furniture and room words include *teeburu*, "table," and *tenjoo*, "ceiling." *tsuchi* means "hammer." **186** sono その that **187** sono-kata そのかた that person; he; she **188** sono-kata no そのかたの his; her, hers **189** sore それ that **190** sukoshi すこし a little **191** tanoshii たのしい happy **192** te て hand **193** teeburu てえぶる table **194** tenjoo てんじょお ceiling **195** to と door **196** tokei とけい watch, clock **197** tsuchi つち hammer ## Possession, furniture and position words · Word list 12 of 12 ### Possession and nearby objects This group covers possession, furniture, positions, descriptions, and common objects. *tsukue* means "desk," while *ue* means "top, above." *watakushi* means "I," and *watakushi no* means "my, mine." Other entries include *yuka*, "floor," and *zasshi*, "magazine." **198** tsuchi つち earth, dirt **199** tsukue つくえ desk **200** ue うえ top, above **201** usui うすい thin **202** watakushi わたくし I **203** watakushi no わたくしの my, mine **204** watakushi-tachi わたくしたち we **205** watakushi-tachi no わたくしたちの our, ours **206** Yoku dekimashita. よくできました You did well. **207** yuka ゆか floor **208** zasshi ざっし magazine ``` Homework Assignment 1 Memorize the Dialogue. 2 Memorize the vocabulary. 3 Listen to the tape and practice pronunciation. 4 Read the Explanatory Notes. 5 Practice reading and writing of contracted sounds in Hiragana. ```