{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L060","title":"Lesson 60","stage":"Kanji and everyday Japanese","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 60: dialogue, tokyo wards and commuter crowds · dialogue 2 of 3, tokyo population and rush hour · dialogue 3 of 3, expressing uncertainty between alternatives · perception drill, saying something is excessive · perception drill, saying what something seems like · perception drill, not knowing between alternatives · pattern 1 1 of 2, uncertainty about past events · pattern 1 2 of 2, describing excessive actions and qualities · pattern 2 1 of 2, consequences of doing too much · pattern 2 2 of 2, saying what things seem like · pattern 3 1 of 2, comparing people by appearance · pattern 3 2 of 2, reading selection, tokyo wards and overcrowding · reading selection 2 of 2, tokyo's names and early history · questions 1 of 2, tokyo's wards and population · questions 2 of 2, words for capitals and palaces · word list 1 of 4, words for uncertainty and appearance · word list 2 of 4, population and prefecture words · word list 3 of 4, cities.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/60","lines":163},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/59","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/61","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Dialogue","teaching":[{"title":"From Edo to Tokyo","paragraphs":["*ええ、1868年七月に東京と言う名をつけたのです* means \"They named it Tokyo in July 1868.\" Until then, the city was called Edo.","Tokyo became Japan's capital that October. In 1943, Tokyo City and Tokyo Prefecture ended, and Tokyo Metropolis was created."]},{"title":"Four kinds of prefecture","paragraphs":["Japan has 46 prefectures. They are administrative divisions similar to states in the United States.","There is one *DOO*, one *TO*, two *FU*, and 42 *KEN*. Tokyo is the one *TO*."]},{"title":"Kanji: 都 to 府","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L060.dlg.001","source":"東京と言うのは ひかくてき 新しい 名しょうだそうですね。","translation":"As I understand it, Tokyo is a comparatively new name, isn't that right?","reading":"とうきょうというのはひかくてきあたらしいめいしょうだそうですね。","words":[{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ひかく","gloss":"comparatively"},{"text":"てき","gloss":"comparatively"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"名","gloss":"name","reading":"めい"},{"text":"しょう","gloss":"name"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L060.dlg.002","source":"ええ、1868年七月に東京と言う名をつけたのです。 それまでは「えど」と言っていました。","translation":"Yes, it is. They named it Tokyo in July 1868. Up until then, it was called Edo.","reading":"ええ、せんはっぴゃくろくじゅうはちねんしちがつにとうきょうというなをつけたのです。それまでは「えど」といっていました。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"1868","gloss":"1868"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year"},{"text":"七","gloss":"July"},{"text":"月","gloss":"July"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called"},{"text":"名","gloss":"name"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つけ","gloss":"name"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"「えど」","gloss":"Edo"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"was called"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was called"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was called"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L060.dlg.003","source":"今の宮城は とくがわの お城だったそうですね。","translation":"As I understand it, the present Imperial Palace was the Tokugawa castle, isn't that right?","reading":"いまのきゅうじょうはとくがわのおしろだったそうですね。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"present","reading":"いま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"宮城","gloss":"Imperial Palace"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"とく","gloss":"Tokugawa"},{"text":"がわ","gloss":"Tokugawa"},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"城","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"だっ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L060.dlg.004","source":"ええ、そして、1868年十月に その城を こうきょと きめたのです。 その時から 東京は 日本の首府に なりました。 それまでは、こうきょは 御所と言って 京都に ありました。","translation":"Yes, and in October 1868 they decided to make that castle the Imperial Palace. From that time on, Tokyo became the capital of Japan. Up until then the Imperial Palace was called GOSHO and was located in Kyoto.","reading":"ええ、そして、せんはっぴゃくろくじゅうはちねんじゅうがつにそのしろをこうきょときめたのです。そのときからとうきょうはにほんのしゅふになりました。それまでは、こうきょはごしょといってきょうとにありました。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"そして、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"1868","gloss":"1868"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year"},{"text":"十","gloss":"October"},{"text":"月","gloss":"October"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"城","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"Imperial Palace"},{"text":"きょ","gloss":"Imperial Palace"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"きめ","gloss":"decide"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan"},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"首府","gloss":"capital"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"Imperial Palace"},{"text":"きょ","gloss":"Imperial Palace"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"御所","gloss":"Gosho"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"was called"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was called"},{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"be located"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L060.dlg.005","source":"東京と言うのは 一たい 何ですか。","translation":"What is so-called Tokyo, anyhow?","reading":"とうきょうというのはいったいなんですか。","words":[{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一","gloss":"on earth","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"on earth"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L060.dlg.006","source":"それが ちょっと あいまいなのです。 1943年に 東京市と東京府が なくなって、東京都と言うのが 出来たのです。","translation":"It's slightly ambiguous. In 1943, they did away with the name City of Tokyo and the prefecture of Tokyo and came out with TOKYO-TO.","reading":"それがちょっとあいまいなのです。せんきゅうひゃくよんじゅうさんねんにとうきょうしととうきょうふがなくなって、とうきょうとというのができたのです。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ちょっと","gloss":"slightly"},{"text":"あいまい","gloss":"ambiguous"},{"text":"な","gloss":"being"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"1943","gloss":"1943"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo"},{"text":"市","gloss":"city"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo"},{"text":"府","gloss":"prefecture"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"なくなっ","gloss":"were abolished"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"were abolished"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo"},{"text":"都","gloss":"metropolis"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"was established"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"--KA--KA WAKARANAI can't tell whether --- or ---\n\nAlternate questions \"A ka and B ka \" occur in the informal style and precede inflected words like WAKARIMASEN, 'don't understand' or 'isn't clear' or SHIRANAI, 'don't know' or WASUREMASHITA, 'forgot,' etc. In the above pattern A and B can be substituted with nouns, basic form of I-adjectives (both past and non-past), basic form of verbs (either affirmative or negative), or clauses.\n\nExamples:\n\nIKU KA IKANAI KA SHIRIMASEN. I don't know whether he will go or won't go.\n\nYASASHII KA MUZUKASHII KA SHIRIMASEN. I don't know whether it is easy or difficult.\n\nAME DATTA KA YUKI DATTA KA OBOETE IMASEN. I don't remember whether it was rain or snow.\n\nANO HITO NO JIDOOSHA WA FOODO KA KYADERAKKU KA OBOETE IMASEN. I don't remember whether his car is a Ford or a Cadillac."},{"section":2,"text":"--SUGIRU\n\nFollowing the second base (the MASU form minus MASU) of verbs, basic form minus final -i of I-adjectives, and the nominal form of NA-adjectives, the terminal verb SUGIRU indicates excessive degree.\n\nExamples:\n\nTABESUGIRU overeat\n\nNOMISUGIRU drink too much\n\nTSUKAISUGIRU overuse\n\nTAKASUGIRU be too expensive\n\nATSUSUGIRU be too hot\n\nOOSUGIRU be too many\n\nGENKISUGIRU be too peppy\n\nJOOZUSUGIRU be too good"},{"section":3,"text":"--MITAI\n\nFollowing nouns, MITAI NA means 'like ---,' 'sort of,' 'similar to,' and MITAI NI means 'like.'\n\nAlso following the basic form of verbs and I-adjectives, MITAI expresses the idea of 'seem,' 'look,' 'sort of,' and 'kind of.'\n\nExamples:\n\nANO HITO WA KODOMO MITAI NA KOTO O IIMASU. He says things like a child.\n\nANO HITO WA ONNA MITAI NI HANASHIMASU. He talks like a woman.\n\nANO HITO WA TSUKARETEIRU MITAI DESU. He looks tired.\n\nANO HITO WA URESHII MITAI DESU. He seems glad.\n\nANO HITO WA OKOTTEIRU MITAI DA NE. He seems angry, doesn't he? / Looks like he is angry, doesn't it?"},{"section":4,"text":"--- NO YOO NA\n\nNO YOO NA precedes nouns and means 'nouns that seem,' 'nouns like ---.'\n\nExamples:\n\nGINZA NO YOO NA TOKORO. A place like Ginza.\n\nTANAKA-SAN NO YOO NA TOMODACHI WA SUKUNAI DESU. Friends like Mr. Tanaka are rare.\n\nThe adverbial form of YOO NA is YOO NI and it precedes verbs and adjectives and means 'do --- like ---,' '--- is --- like ---.' The predicate form of YOO NA is YOO DESU.\n\nExamples:\n\nANO HITO WA NIHONJIN NO YOO NI NIHONGO O HANASHIMASU. He speaks Japanese like a Japanese.\n\nKYOO WA HARU NO YOO DESU. It's like spring today."},{"section":5,"text":"DOO, TO, FU, KEN\n\nJapan is divided into 46 prefectures, namely one DOO (Hokkaidoo), one TO (Tokyo-To), 2 FU (Osaka-FU and Kyoto-FU), and 42 KEN. These prefectures are similar to the states of the United States from an administrative standpoint."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"名","gloss":"name"},{"word":"しょう","gloss":"award, reward"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"word":"月","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"「えど」","gloss":"former name of Tokyo"},{"word":"宮城","gloss":"Imperial Palace in Tokyo"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"首府","gloss":"capital (city)"},{"word":"御所","gloss":"an Imperial Palace"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ちょっと","gloss":"a little"},{"word":"あいまい","gloss":"vague, ambiguous"},{"word":"都","gloss":"capital"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Tokyo wards and commuter crowds · Dialogue 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Wards and daytime crowds","paragraphs":["Tokyo City no longer exists. *今 それを区部と言って、二十三区 あります* means \"They now call it the ward section, and there are 23 wards.\"","About 600,000 people enter Tokyo for work during the day. Most gather in places such as Marunouchi and Ginza."]},{"title":"A place like Ginza","paragraphs":["*銀ざの様な所* means \"places like Ginza.\" A noun followed by *の様な* describes the next noun as being like the first.","In *区部の事か、都の事か わからない*, *か* marks two alternatives whose answer is unclear.","*多すぎるみたい* means \"it seems there are too many.\" *すぎる* marks excess, and *みたい* presents it as an appearance."]},{"title":"Kanji: 県","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L060.dlg.007","source":"東京市と言うのは もうないのですね。","translation":"The so-called city of Tokyo doesn't exist any more, isn't that right?","reading":"とうきょうしというのはもうないのですね。","words":[{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"市","gloss":"city","reading":"し"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"anymore"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"does not exist"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L060.dlg.008","source":"そうです。 今 それを区部と言って、二十三区 あります。","translation":"That's right. They now call it the ward section, and there are 23 wards.","reading":"そうです。いまそれをくぶといって、にじゅうさんくあります。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"it"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"区部","gloss":"ward section","reading":"くぶ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"call","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"call"},{"text":"二十","gloss":"twenty","reading":"にじゅう"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"区","gloss":"wards","reading":"く"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L060.dlg.009","source":"それで東京と言えば 区部の事か、都の事か わからないのですね。","translation":"Then, if you say Tokyo, you can't tell whether you mean KU or TO, isn't that right?","reading":"それでとうきょうといえばくぶのことか、とのことかわからないのですね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"then"},{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"say","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"区部","gloss":"ward section","reading":"くぶ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"都","gloss":"metropolis","reading":"と"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"わから","gloss":"cannot tell"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"cannot tell"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L060.dlg.010","source":"そうなんです。","translation":"That's right.","reading":"そうなんです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is so"},{"text":"な","gloss":"that is so"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"that is so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L060.dlg.011","source":"それにしても、東京は 人が 多すぎるみたいですね。","translation":"Nevertheless, it seems that there are too many people in Tokyo, doesn't it?","reading":"それにしても、とうきょうはひとがおおすぎるみたいですね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"nevertheless"},{"text":"に","gloss":"nevertheless"},{"text":"し","gloss":"nevertheless"},{"text":"て","gloss":"nevertheless"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"nevertheless"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多","gloss":"too many","reading":"おお"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too many"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L060.dlg.012","source":"ええ、昼間 近くの県から 東京に 仕事に はいって 来る人だけでも 六十万ぐらいで、その多くは まるのうちや 銀ざの様な所に あつまりますからね。","translation":"Yes, even just the people who come in to Tokyo from nearby prefectures for work during the daytime alone number about 600 thousand, and most of them gather in places like Marunouchi and Ginza, you see.","reading":"ええ、ひるまちかくのけんからとうきょうにしごとにはいってくるひとだけでもろくじゅうまんぐらいで、そのおおくはまるのうちやぎんざのようなところにあつまりますからね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"昼間","gloss":"daytime","reading":"ひるま"},{"text":"近く","gloss":"nearby","reading":"ちかく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"県","gloss":"prefectures","reading":"けん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"はいっ","gloss":"come in"},{"text":"て","gloss":"come in"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"come in","reading":"くる"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"で","gloss":"even"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"六十","gloss":"600,000","reading":"ろくじゅう"},{"text":"万","gloss":"600,000","reading":"まん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"その","gloss":"those"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"most","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まる","gloss":"Marunouchi"},{"text":"の","gloss":"Marunouchi"},{"text":"うち","gloss":"Marunouchi"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"銀","gloss":"Ginza","reading":"ぎん"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"Ginza"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"様","gloss":"like","reading":"よう"},{"text":"な","gloss":"like"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あつまり","gloss":"gather"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"区部","gloss":"the ward sections of Tokyo"},{"word":"二十","gloss":"20"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"区","gloss":"ward (See Cultural Notes)"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"か、","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"昼間","gloss":"daytime"},{"word":"近く","gloss":"vicinity"},{"word":"県","gloss":"prefecture (See Cultural Notes)"},{"word":"だけ","gloss":"only, just (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"六十","gloss":"60"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"多く","gloss":"many of them"},{"word":"うち","gloss":"home, house"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Tokyo population and rush hour · Dialogue 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Crowds and population","paragraphs":["*東京に 人が あつまりすぎて 困っているのです* means \"People over-concentrate in Tokyo, so they are troubled.\"","*ことに ラッシュの時などは 大変ですね* means \"It's terrible, especially during rush hours, isn't it?\"","Tokyo Metropolis has about eleven and a half million people. Its ward section has more than nine million."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L060.dlg.013","source":"ことに ラッシュの時などは 大変ですね。","translation":"It's terrible, especially during rush hours, isn't it?","reading":"ことにラッシュのときなどはたいへんですね。","words":[{"text":"こと","gloss":"especially"},{"text":"に","gloss":"especially"},{"text":"ラッシュ","gloss":"rush hour"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"など","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"terrible","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L060.dlg.014","source":"そうですよ。 東京に 人が あつまりすぎて 困っているのです。","translation":"That's right. People over-concentrate in Tokyo, so they are troubled.","reading":"そうですよ。とうきょうにひとがあつまりすぎてこまっているのです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あつまり","gloss":"gather"},{"text":"すぎ","gloss":"too much"},{"text":"て","gloss":"so"},{"text":"困っ","gloss":"are troubled","reading":"こまっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are troubled"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are troubled"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L060.dlg.015","source":"で 東京都の人口は。","translation":"And what is the population of Tokyo-TO?","reading":"でとうきょうとのじんこうは。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"都","gloss":"metropolis","reading":"と"},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"人口","gloss":"population","reading":"じんこう"},{"text":"は。","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L060.dlg.016","source":"一千百五十万ぐらいです。 区部の人口は 九百万 いじょうです。","translation":"It's about eleven million, five hundred thousand. The population of the ward section is over 9 million.","reading":"いっせんひゃくごじゅうまんぐらいです。くぶのじんこうはきゅうひゃくまんいじょうです。","words":[{"text":"一千","gloss":"11,500,000","reading":"いっせん"},{"text":"百","gloss":"11,500,000","reading":"ひゃく"},{"text":"五十","gloss":"11,500,000","reading":"ごじゅう"},{"text":"万","gloss":"11,500,000","reading":"まん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"区部","gloss":"ward section","reading":"くぶ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"人口","gloss":"population","reading":"じんこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"九百","gloss":"9,000,000","reading":"きゅうひゃく"},{"text":"万","gloss":"9,000,000","reading":"まん"},{"text":"いじょう","gloss":"more than"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.dlg.016.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ラッシュ","gloss":"rush hour"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"すぎ","gloss":"past, after"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"人口","gloss":"population"},{"word":"百","gloss":"100"},{"word":"五十","gloss":"50"},{"word":"九百","gloss":"900"},{"word":"いじょう","gloss":"more than"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Expressing uncertainty between alternatives · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"Two uncertain alternatives","paragraphs":["*区の事か、都の事か わからない* means \"I cannot tell whether it means KU or TO.\" The two *か* phrases give the alternatives."]},{"title":"What comes after the alternatives","paragraphs":["The alternatives use informal forms. They can be nouns, verbs, I-adjectives, or clauses in affirmative or negative forms.","*私は日本へ行くか、行かないか わかりません* means \"I do not know whether I will go to Japan or not.\"","Expressions such as *わかりません*, *知りません*, and *おぼえていません* state uncertainty, lack of information, or lack of memory."]}],"lines":[{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp1.01","source":"区の事か、都の事か わからない。","translation":"I can't tell whether it means 'KU' or 'TO'.","reading":"くのことか、とのことかわからない。","words":[{"text":"区","gloss":"ward","reading":"く"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"都","gloss":"metropolis","reading":"と"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"わから","gloss":"cannot tell"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"cannot tell"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp1.02","source":"あの人は 日本人かアメリカ人か わかりません。","translation":"I do not know whether that person is Japanese or American.","reading":"あのひとはにほんじんかアメリカじんかわかりません。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"アメリカ","gloss":"American"},{"text":"人","gloss":"American","reading":"じん"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"know"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp1.03","source":"うしろから見ると、あの人は男か女か わかりません。","translation":"Seen from behind, I cannot tell whether that person is a man or a woman.","reading":"うしろからみると、あのひとはおとこかおんなかわかりません。","words":[{"text":"うしろ","gloss":"behind"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"see","reading":"みる"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"男","gloss":"man","reading":"おとこ"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"女","gloss":"woman","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"can tell"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"cannot, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"cannot, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp1.04","source":"私は日本へ行くか、行かないか わかりません。","translation":"I do not know whether I will go to Japan or not.","reading":"わたくしはにほんへいくか、いかないかわかりません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"know"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp1.05","source":"田中さんは今晩来るか来ないか 知りません。","translation":"I do not know whether Mr. Tanaka will come tonight or not.","reading":"たなかさんはこんばんくるかこないかしりません。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"come","reading":"くる"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"こ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"知り","gloss":"know","reading":"しり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp1.06","source":"月給日は 四日だったか五日だったか おぼえていません。","translation":"I do not remember whether payday was the fourth or the fifth.","reading":"げっきゅうびはよっかだったかいつかだったかおぼえていません。","words":[{"text":"月給","gloss":"payday","reading":"げっきゅう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"payday","reading":"び"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"四","gloss":"fourth"},{"text":"日","gloss":"fourth"},{"text":"だっ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"五","gloss":"fifth"},{"text":"日","gloss":"fifth"},{"text":"だっ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"おぼえ","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"て","gloss":"do not remember"},{"text":"い","gloss":"do not remember"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp1.07","source":"あそこの すきやきは おいしいか まずいか 知りません。","translation":"I do not know whether the sukiyaki there is good or bad.","reading":"あそこのすきやきはおいしいかまずいかしりません。","words":[{"text":"あそこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"すきやき","gloss":"sukiyaki"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おいしい","gloss":"delicious"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"まずい","gloss":"bad"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"知り","gloss":"know","reading":"しり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp1.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"アメリカ","gloss":"America; U.S.A."},{"word":"うしろ","gloss":"back, behind, rear"},{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"男","gloss":"male"},{"word":"女","gloss":"female"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"月給","gloss":"monthly wage"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"あそこ","gloss":"over there"},{"word":"すきやき","gloss":"SUKIYAKI"},{"word":"おいしい","gloss":"tasty, delicious"},{"word":"まずい","gloss":"poor, tasteless"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying something is excessive · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"An action done too much","paragraphs":["*私は今朝 少し食べすぎました* means \"I overate a little this morning.\" *すぎる* adds the meaning of excess."]},{"title":"Forms that express excess","paragraphs":["For a verb, remove *ます* from its polite form before *すぎる*. *話します* becomes *話しすぎる*, \"speak too much.\"","An I-adjective loses its final *い*. *大きい* becomes *大きすぎる*, \"too big.\"","A NA-adjective loses *な* before *すぎる*. *上手な* becomes *上手すぎる*, \"too skillful.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp2.01","source":"私は今朝 少し食べすぎました。","translation":"I overate a little this morning.","reading":"わたくしはけさすこしたべすぎました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今朝","gloss":"this morning","reading":"けさ"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"ate too much","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"すぎ","gloss":"ate too much"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"ate too much"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"ate too much"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp2.01.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp2.02","source":"今日は 少し暑 すぎます。","translation":"It's a little too hot today.","reading":"きょうはすこしあつすぎます。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"暑","gloss":"hot","reading":"あつ"},{"text":"すぎ","gloss":"too"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp2.02.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp2.03","source":"話す —— 話します —— 話しすぎる","translation":"to speak — speak — speak too much","reading":"はなす——はなします——はなしすぎる","words":[{"text":"話す——","gloss":"to speak","reading":"はなす"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too much"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp2.03.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp2.04","source":"使う —— 使います —— 使いすぎる","translation":"to use — use — use too much","reading":"つかう——つかいます——つかいすぎる","words":[{"text":"使う——","gloss":"to use","reading":"つかう"},{"text":"使い","gloss":"use","reading":"つかい"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"使い","gloss":"use","reading":"つかい"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too much"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp2.04.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp2.05","source":"あそぶ —— あそびます —— あそびすぎる","translation":"to play — play — play too much","reading":"あそぶ——あそびます——あそびすぎる","words":[{"text":"あそぶ——","gloss":"to play"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"play"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"play"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too much"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp2.05.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp2.06","source":"出来る —— 出来ます —— 出来すぎる","translation":"can do — can do — can do too much","reading":"できる——できます——できすぎる","words":[{"text":"出来る——","gloss":"can do","reading":"できる"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can do","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can do","reading":"でき"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too much"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp2.06.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp2.07","source":"勉強する —— 勉強します —— 勉強しすぎる","translation":"to study — study — study too much","reading":"べんきょうする——べんきょうします——べんきょうしすぎる","words":[{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する——","gloss":"do"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます——","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too much"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp2.07.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp2.08","source":"大きい —— 大きすぎる","translation":"big — too big","reading":"おおきい——おおきすぎる","words":[{"text":"大きい——","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"大き","gloss":"big","reading":"おおき"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp2.08.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp2.09","source":"小さい —— 小さすぎる","translation":"small — too small","reading":"ちいさい——ちいさすぎる","words":[{"text":"小さい——","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさい"},{"text":"小さ","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさ"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp2.09.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp2.10","source":"長い —— 長すぎる","translation":"long — too long","reading":"ながい——ながすぎる","words":[{"text":"長い——","gloss":"long","reading":"ながい"},{"text":"長","gloss":"long","reading":"なが"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp2.10.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp2.11","source":"むずかしい —— むずかしすぎる","translation":"difficult — too difficult","reading":"むずかしい——むずかしすぎる","words":[{"text":"むずかしい——","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"むずかし","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp2.11.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp2.12","source":"上手な —— 上手すぎる","translation":"skillful — too skillful","reading":"じょうずな——じょうずすぎる","words":[{"text":"上手","gloss":"skillful","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"な——","gloss":"is"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"skillful","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp2.12.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp2.13","source":"元気な —— 元気すぎる","translation":"healthy — too healthy","reading":"げんきな——げんきすぎる","words":[{"text":"元気","gloss":"healthy","reading":"げんき"},{"text":"な——","gloss":"is"},{"text":"元気","gloss":"healthy","reading":"げんき"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp2.13.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp2.14","source":"あまり ふとりすぎると 体に悪い。","translation":"Getting too fat is bad for your health.","reading":"あまりふとりすぎるとからだにわるい。","words":[{"text":"あまり","gloss":"too much"},{"text":"ふとり","gloss":"get fat"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too much"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"体","gloss":"health","reading":"からだ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"悪い。","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp2.14.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp2.15","source":"昨晩 少し 飲みすぎた。","translation":"I drank a little too much last night.","reading":"さくばんすこしのみすぎた。","words":[{"text":"昨晩","gloss":"last night","reading":"さくばん"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"飲み","gloss":"drank","reading":"のみ"},{"text":"すぎ","gloss":"too much"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp2.15.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp2.16","source":"今日の 試験は 少し むずかしすぎた。","translation":"Today's test was a little too difficult.","reading":"きょうのしけんはすこしむずかしすぎた。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"試験","gloss":"test","reading":"しけん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"むずかし","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"すぎ","gloss":"too"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp2.16.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp2.17","source":"あの人は 話すのが 少し早すぎる。","translation":"That person speaks a little too fast.","reading":"あのひとははなすのがすこしはやすぎる。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"話す","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなす"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"早","gloss":"fast","reading":"はや"},{"text":"すぎる。","gloss":"too"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp2.17.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp2.18","source":"あの生徒は 少し のん気すぎる。","translation":"That student is a little too carefree.","reading":"あのせいとはすこしのんきすぎる。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"のん気","gloss":"carefree","reading":"のんき"},{"text":"すぎる。","gloss":"too"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp2.18.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"今朝","gloss":"this morning"},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"},{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"使う——","gloss":"to use, employ"},{"word":"あそぶ——","gloss":"to play (v.i.)"},{"word":"出来る——","gloss":"to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)"},{"word":"むずかしい——","gloss":"difficult"},{"word":"上手","gloss":"skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"体","gloss":"body, health"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying what something seems like · Perception drill, Block 3","teaching":[{"title":"What something seems to be","paragraphs":["*東京には 人が 多すぎる みたいです* means \"It seems there are too many people in Tokyo.\" After a verb or I-adjective, *みたい* expresses seeming.","After a noun, *みたいです* expresses resemblance. *あの人は 日本人 みたいです* means \"He looks like a Japanese.\""]},{"title":"Before a verb or noun","paragraphs":["*あの人は 日本人みたいに 話します* means \"He talks like a Japanese.\" *みたいに* comes before the verb.","*アメリカ みたいな 所は ありません* means \"There is no place like America.\" *みたいな* comes before the noun."]}],"lines":[{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp3.01","source":"東京には 人が 多すぎる みたいです。","translation":"It seems there are too many people in Tokyo.","reading":"とうきょうにはひとがおおすぎるみたいです。","words":[{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多","gloss":"many","reading":"おお"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp3.01.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp3.02","source":"あの人は 日本人 みたいです。","translation":"He looks like a Japanese.","reading":"あのひとはにほんじんみたいです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"looks like"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp3.02.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp3.03","source":"これは とても おいしい みたいです。","translation":"This looks very delicious.","reading":"これはとてもおいしいみたいです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"おいしい","gloss":"delicious"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"looks"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp3.03.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp3.04","source":"あの人は 日本人みたいに 話します。","translation":"He talks like a Japanese.","reading":"あのひとはにほんじんみたいにはなします。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"like"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp3.04.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp3.05","source":"アメリカ みたいな 所は ありません。","translation":"There is no place like America.","reading":"アメリカみたいなところはありません。","words":[{"text":"アメリカ","gloss":"America"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"like"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp3.05.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp3.06","source":"田中さんは つかれているみたいです。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka seems to be tired.","reading":"たなかさんはつかれているみたいです。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"つか","gloss":"is tired"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"is tired"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is tired"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is tired"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp3.06.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp3.07","source":"今朝のきりは 雨みたいです。","translation":"The fog this morning looks like rain.","reading":"けさのきりはあめみたいです。","words":[{"text":"今朝","gloss":"this morning","reading":"けさ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"きり","gloss":"fog"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"looks like"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp3.07.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp3.08","source":"あの人は 耳が 遠いみたいです。","translation":"That person seems to be hard of hearing.","reading":"あのひとはみみがとおいみたいです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"hearing","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"遠い","gloss":"hard of hearing","reading":"とおい"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp3.08.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp3.09","source":"今朝 雨が 降ったみたいです。","translation":"It seems to have rained this morning.","reading":"けさあめがふったみたいです。","words":[{"text":"今朝","gloss":"this morning","reading":"けさ"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降っ","gloss":"rained","reading":"ふっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp3.09.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp3.10","source":"ジョンズさんは 女みたいに 話します。","translation":"Mr. Jones talks like a woman.","reading":"ジョンズさんはおんなみたいにはなします。","words":[{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"女","gloss":"woman","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"like"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp3.10.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L060.gp3.11","source":"今日は 春みたいな日です。","translation":"Today is a springlike day.","reading":"きょうははるみたいなひです。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"春","gloss":"spring","reading":"はる"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"like"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.gp3.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"とても","gloss":"very, indeed"},{"word":"きり","gloss":"fog"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"遠い","gloss":"far"},{"word":"春","gloss":"spring"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Not knowing between alternatives · Pattern 1 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Different kinds of alternatives","paragraphs":["*この自動車が よいか 悪いか 私には わかりません* means \"I do not know whether this car is good or bad.\" The two *か* phrases contain I-adjectives.","*明日 働くか 働かないか まだ わかりません* means \"I still do not know whether I will work tomorrow or not.\" Affirmative and negative verbs form the pair."]}],"lines":[{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt1.01","source":"あの人は 男か 女か わかりません。","translation":"I can't tell whether that person is a man or a woman.","reading":"あのひとはおとこかおんなかわかりません。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"男","gloss":"man","reading":"おとこ"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"女","gloss":"woman","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"can tell"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"cannot, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"cannot, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt1.02","source":"行く(の)か、行かない(の)か まだわかりません。","translation":"I can't tell whether I go or not.","reading":"いく(の)か、いかない(の)かまだわかりません。","words":[{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"(の)","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"(の)","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"can tell"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"cannot, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"cannot, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt1.03","source":"これは 雨か きりか わかりません。","translation":"I do not know whether this is rain or fog.","reading":"これはあめかきりかわかりません。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"きり","gloss":"fog"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"know"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt1.04","source":"それを 買うのか 買わないのか わかりません。","translation":"I do not know whether I will buy it or not.","reading":"それをかうのかかわないのかわかりません。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"it"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"買わ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かわ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"know"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt1.05","source":"明日 働くか 働かないか まだ わかりません。","translation":"I still do not know whether I will work tomorrow or not.","reading":"あしたはたらくかはたらかないかまだわかりません。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"働く","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらく"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"働か","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"know"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt1.06","source":"この自動車が よいか 悪いか 私には わかりません。","translation":"I do not know whether this car is good or bad.","reading":"このじどうしゃがよいかわるいかわたくしにはわかりません。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"know"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt1.07","source":"田村さんが 来たか 来なかったか おぼえていません。","translation":"I do not remember whether Mr. Tamura came or not.","reading":"たむらさんがきたかこなかったかおぼえていません。","words":[{"text":"田村","gloss":"Tamura","reading":"たむら"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"こ"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"did not"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did not"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"おぼえ","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"て","gloss":"do not remember"},{"text":"い","gloss":"do not remember"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt1.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"(の)","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"},{"word":"買う","gloss":"to buy"},{"word":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"word":"車","gloss":"vehicle, car"},{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Uncertainty about past events · Pattern 1 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Uncertain past events","paragraphs":["*降ったか 降らなかったか 知りませんね* means \"I do not know whether it rained or not.\" Both alternatives use past forms.","*二日だったか、三日だったか おぼえていません* means \"I do not remember whether it was the second or the third.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt1.08","source":"スミスさんが ゴルフが 上手か 下手か 私は 知りません。","translation":"I do not know whether Mr. Smith is good or bad at golf.","reading":"スミスさんがゴルフがじょうずかへたかわたくしはしりません。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"が","gloss":"at"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"skillful","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"下手","gloss":"unskilled","reading":"へた"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"知り","gloss":"know","reading":"しり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt1.09","source":"昨晩 雨が 降ったのでしょうか。","translation":"Do you suppose it rained last night?","reading":"さくばんあめがふったのでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"昨晩","gloss":"last night","reading":"さくばん"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降っ","gloss":"rained","reading":"ふっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt1.10","source":"さあ、降ったか 降らなかったか 知りませんね。","translation":"Well, I do not know whether it rained or not.","reading":"さあ、ふったかふらなかったかしりませんね。","words":[{"text":"さあ、","gloss":"well"},{"text":"降っ","gloss":"rained","reading":"ふっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"降ら","gloss":"rained","reading":"ふら"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"did not"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did not"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"知り","gloss":"know","reading":"しり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt1.11","source":"かきは おいしいですか。","translation":"Are persimmons good?","reading":"かきはおいしいですか。","words":[{"text":"かき","gloss":"persimmons"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おいしい","gloss":"delicious"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt1.12","source":"さあ、私は かきを 食べた事は ありませんから、おいしいか まずいか 知りません。","translation":"Well, I have never eaten a persimmon, so I do not know whether they are good or bad.","reading":"さあ、わたくしはかきをたべたことはありませんから、おいしいかまずいかしりません。","words":[{"text":"さあ、","gloss":"well"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かき","gloss":"persimmon"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eaten","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"事","gloss":"experience","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"おいしい","gloss":"delicious"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"まずい","gloss":"bad"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"知り","gloss":"know","reading":"しり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt1.13","source":"先週の土曜日は 二日でしたか 三日でしたか。","translation":"Was last Saturday the second or the third?","reading":"せんしゅうのどようびはふつかでしたかみっかでしたか。","words":[{"text":"先週","gloss":"last week","reading":"せんしゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"土曜","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"どよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"び"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"二","gloss":"second"},{"text":"日","gloss":"second"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"三","gloss":"third"},{"text":"日","gloss":"third"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt1.14","source":"さあ、二日だったか、三日だったか おぼえていません。","translation":"Well, I do not remember whether it was the second or the third.","reading":"さあ、ふつかだったか、みっかだったかおぼえていません。","words":[{"text":"さあ、","gloss":"well"},{"text":"二","gloss":"second"},{"text":"日","gloss":"second"},{"text":"だっ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"三","gloss":"third"},{"text":"日","gloss":"third"},{"text":"だっ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"おぼえ","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"て","gloss":"do not remember"},{"text":"い","gloss":"do not remember"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt1.14.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"word":"下手","gloss":"unskilled, poor in doing things"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"さあ、","gloss":"well, now, here, come"},{"word":"かき","gloss":"persimmon"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"先週","gloss":"last week"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Describing excessive actions and qualities · Pattern 2 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Excess and its result","paragraphs":["*あんまり 働きすぎると、つかれます* means \"If you work too much, you get tired.\" The *すぎる* form describes the excessive action.","The same form describes an excessive quality. *このくつは 私には 少し大きすぎる* means \"These shoes are a little too big for me.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt2.01","source":"私は 昨晩 さけを 飲みすぎた。","translation":"I drank too much sake last night.","reading":"わたくしはさくばんさけをのみすぎた。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"昨晩","gloss":"last night","reading":"さくばん"},{"text":"さけ","gloss":"sake"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"飲み","gloss":"drank","reading":"のみ"},{"text":"すぎ","gloss":"too much"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt2.02","source":"今日は 少し さむ すぎます。","translation":"It's a little too cold today.","reading":"きょうはすこしさむすぎます。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"さむ","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"すぎ","gloss":"too"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt2.03","source":"あんまり 働きすぎると、つかれます。","translation":"If you work too much, you get tired.","reading":"あんまりはたらきすぎると、つかれます。","words":[{"text":"あんまり","gloss":"too much"},{"text":"働き","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらき"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too much"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"つかれ","gloss":"get tired"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt2.04","source":"あんまり 勉強しすぎると 体に悪い。","translation":"Studying too much is bad for your health.","reading":"あんまりべんきょうしすぎるとからだにわるい。","words":[{"text":"あんまり","gloss":"too much"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too much"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"体","gloss":"health","reading":"からだ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"悪い。","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt2.05","source":"このくつは 私には 少し大きすぎる。","translation":"These shoes are a little too big for me.","reading":"このくつはわたくしにはすこしおおきすぎる。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"these"},{"text":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"私","gloss":"me","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"大き","gloss":"big","reading":"おおき"},{"text":"すぎる。","gloss":"too much"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt2.05.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt2.06","source":"歩いて 行くのには 少し 遠すぎる。","translation":"It is a little too far to walk there.","reading":"あるいていくのにはすこしとおすぎる。","words":[{"text":"歩い","gloss":"walk","reading":"あるい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"遠","gloss":"far","reading":"とお"},{"text":"すぎる。","gloss":"too much"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt2.07","source":"このへやは くらすぎるから、むこうのへやに 行きましょう。","translation":"This room is too dark, so let us go to the room over there.","reading":"このへやはくらすぎるから、むこうのへやにいきましょう。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"へや","gloss":"room"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"くら","gloss":"dark"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too much"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"むこう","gloss":"over there"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"へや","gloss":"room"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"let us"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt2.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"word":"へや","gloss":"room"},{"word":"むこう","gloss":"destination, yonder"},{"word":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Consequences of doing too much · Pattern 2 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"What excess causes","paragraphs":["*お昼に あまり 食べすぎて、まだ おなかが すいていないのです* means \"I ate too much at lunch, and I am still not hungry.\"","The TE-form of *食べすぎて* connects the excess to the present condition. *勉強しすぎて、病気に なった* connects excessive study to becoming ill."]}],"lines":[{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt2.08","source":"今晩は あまり 食べないのですね。","translation":"You are not eating very much tonight, are you?","reading":"こんばんはあまりたべないのですね。","words":[{"text":"今晩は","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばんは"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt2.09","source":"ええ、お昼に あまり 食べすぎて、まだ おなかが すいていないのです。","translation":"No, I ate too much at lunch, and I am still not hungry.","reading":"ええ、おひるにあまりたべすぎて、まだおなかがすいていないのです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"お","gloss":"lunch"},{"text":"昼","gloss":"lunch","reading":"ひる"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"too much"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"すぎ","gloss":"too much"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"おなか","gloss":"stomach"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"すい","gloss":"hungry"},{"text":"て","gloss":"hungry"},{"text":"い","gloss":"hungry"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt2.10","source":"この家は あなたの 御家族には 少し せますぎるでしょうね。","translation":"This house is a little too small for your family, isn’t it?","reading":"このいえはあなたのごかぞくにはすこしせますぎるでしょうね。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"your"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"御","gloss":"family","reading":"ご"},{"text":"家族","gloss":"family","reading":"かぞく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"せま","gloss":"small"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too much"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt2.11","source":"ええ、五人家族ですから、どうしても 寝室が 三ついりますね。","translation":"Yes, since we are a family of five, we really need three bedrooms.","reading":"ええ、ごにんかぞくですから、どうしてもしんしつがみっついりますね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"五","gloss":"family of five"},{"text":"人","gloss":"family of five"},{"text":"家族","gloss":"family of five"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"really"},{"text":"し","gloss":"really"},{"text":"て","gloss":"really"},{"text":"も","gloss":"really"},{"text":"寝室","gloss":"bedroom","reading":"しんしつ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three","reading":"みっ"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"count"},{"text":"いり","gloss":"need"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt2.11.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt2.12","source":"スミスさんは 学校を 休んでいるが、病気ですか。","translation":"Mr. Smith is absent from school; is he sick?","reading":"スミスさんはがっこうをやすんでいるが、びょうきですか。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"休ん","gloss":"be absent","reading":"やすん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"be absent"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"be absent"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"sick","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt2.12.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt2.13","source":"ええ、あんまり 勉強しすぎて、病気に なったそうです。","translation":"Yes, I hear he studied too much and became ill.","reading":"ええ、あんまりべんきょうしすぎて、びょうきになったそうです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"あんまり","gloss":"too much"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"すぎ","gloss":"too much"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"sick","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt2.13.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"おなか","gloss":"stomach"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"寝室","gloss":"bedroom"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying what things seem like · Pattern 3 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Seeming and resemblance","paragraphs":["*日本には 人が 多すぎる みたいです* means \"It seems there are too many people in Japan.\" Here *みたいです* states an apparent fact.","*ここの けしきは 日本のけしきみたいです* means \"The scenery here looks like Japanese scenery.\" Here *みたいです* states resemblance.","*あの人は 日本人みたいに 話します* means \"He talks like a Japanese.\" *みたいに* comes before the verb.","*今日は 春みたいな天気です* means \"The weather today is like spring.\" *みたいな* comes before the noun."]}],"lines":[{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt3.01","source":"ここの けしきは 日本のけしきみたいです。","translation":"The scenery here looks like Japanese scenery.","reading":"ここのけしきはにほんのけしきみたいです。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"けしき","gloss":"scenery"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"けしき","gloss":"scenery"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"looks like"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt3.01.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt3.02","source":"日本には 人が 多すぎる みたいです。","translation":"It seems there are too many people in Japan.","reading":"にほんにはひとがおおすぎるみたいです。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多","gloss":"many","reading":"おお"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too many"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt3.02.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt3.03","source":"これは とても おいしい みたいです。","translation":"This looks very delicious.","reading":"これはとてもおいしいみたいです。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"おいしい","gloss":"delicious"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"looks"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt3.03.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt3.04","source":"あの人は 日本人みたいに 話します。","translation":"He talks like a Japanese.","reading":"あのひとはにほんじんみたいにはなします。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"like"},{"text":"に","gloss":"like"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"talk","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt3.04.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt3.05","source":"あの人みたいな人は 居ません。","translation":"There is no person like him.","reading":"あのひとみたいなひとはいません。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"like"},{"text":"な","gloss":"like"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"居","gloss":"exist","reading":"い"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt3.05.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt3.06","source":"あの方は 映画の女ゆう みたいです。","translation":"That lady looks like a movie actress.","reading":"あのかたはえいがのじょゆうみたいです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"lady","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"女","gloss":"actress","reading":"じょ"},{"text":"ゆう","gloss":"actress"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"looks like"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt3.06.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt3.07","source":"あの人は 日本人 みたいです。","translation":"That person looks Japanese.","reading":"あのひとはにほんじんみたいです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"looks"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt3.07.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt3.08","source":"今朝は しもが 降っているみたいです。","translation":"It looks as though there is frost this morning.","reading":"けさはしもがふっているみたいです。","words":[{"text":"今朝","gloss":"this morning","reading":"けさ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"しも","gloss":"frost"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降っ","gloss":"there is frost","reading":"ふっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"there is frost"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"there is frost"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt3.08.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt3.09","source":"今日は 春みたいな天気です。","translation":"The weather today is like spring.","reading":"きょうははるみたいなてんきです。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"春","gloss":"spring","reading":"はる"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"like"},{"text":"な","gloss":"like"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt3.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"word":"けしき","gloss":"scenery"},{"word":"映画","gloss":"movie"},{"word":"しも","gloss":"frost"},{"word":"天気","gloss":"weather"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Comparing people by appearance · Pattern 3 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Appearance and resemblance","paragraphs":["*田中さんは 今日 かお色が 少し 悪いみたい* means \"Mr. Tanaka looks a little pale today.\" Here *みたい* states an apparent condition.","*あの子供は 大人みたいな事を 言いますね* means \"That child talks like an adult.\" *大人みたいな* describes the things the child says."]}],"lines":[{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt3.10","source":"そんな事を するのは きまりが 悪いみたいです。","translation":"It seems embarrassing to do such a thing.","reading":"そんなことをするのはきまりがわるいみたいです。","words":[{"text":"そんな","gloss":"such"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きまり","gloss":"embarrassing"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"embarrassing","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt3.10.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt3.11","source":"あの生徒みたいに よく勉強する生徒は 居ません。","translation":"There is no other student who studies as hard as that student.","reading":"あのせいとみたいによくべんきょうするせいとはいません。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"like"},{"text":"に","gloss":"like"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"hard"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"居","gloss":"exist","reading":"い"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt3.11.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt3.12","source":"田中さんは 今日 かお色が 少し 悪いみたいですが、病気でしょうか。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka looks a little pale today; do you suppose he is sick?","reading":"たなかさんはきょうかおいろがすこしわるいみたいですが、びょうきでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"か","gloss":"complexion"},{"text":"お","gloss":"complexion"},{"text":"色","gloss":"complexion","reading":"いろ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"poor","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"looks"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"sick","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt3.12.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt3.13","source":"ええ、かぜを ひいたらしいです。","translation":"Yes, it seems he has caught a cold.","reading":"ええ、かぜをひいたらしいです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ひい","gloss":"caught"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt3.13.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt3.14","source":"あの女の人は きれいですね。","translation":"That woman is pretty, isn’t she?","reading":"あのおんなのひとはきれいですね。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"女","gloss":"woman","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"の","gloss":"woman"},{"text":"人","gloss":"woman","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"pretty"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt3.14.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt3.15","source":"本とうに。 映画の女ゆうみたいですね。","translation":"She really does look like a movie actress, doesn’t she?","reading":"ほんとうに。えいがのじょゆうみたいですね。","words":[{"text":"本","gloss":"really","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"とう","gloss":"really"},{"text":"に。","gloss":"really"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"女","gloss":"actress","reading":"じょ"},{"text":"ゆう","gloss":"actress"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"looks like"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt3.15.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt3.16","source":"あの子供は 大人みたいな事を 言いますね。","translation":"That child talks like an adult, doesn’t he?","reading":"あのこどもはおとなみたいなことをいいますね。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大人","gloss":"adult","reading":"おとな"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"like"},{"text":"な","gloss":"like"},{"text":"事","gloss":"things","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"say","reading":"いい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt3.16.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L060.pt3.17","source":"ええ、言う事だけは 大人みたいですが、する事は まだ子供ですよ。","translation":"Yes, what he says is adult-like, but what he does is still childish.","reading":"ええ、いうことだけはおとなみたいですが、することはまだこどもですよ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"says","reading":"いう"},{"text":"事","gloss":"things","reading":"こと"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大人","gloss":"adult","reading":"おとな"},{"text":"みたい","gloss":"like"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"する","gloss":"does"},{"text":"事","gloss":"things","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"childish","reading":"こども"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.pt3.17.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"かぜ","gloss":"wind"},{"word":"本","gloss":"numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Reading Selection","teaching":[{"title":"From Edo to Tokyo Metropolis","paragraphs":["*「えど」が東京にかわったのは千八百六十八年の七月でした* says that Edo changed to Tokyo in July 1868. Tokyo became the capital that October.","Edo Castle became the Imperial Palace. In 1943, Tokyo City and Tokyo Prefecture ended, and Tokyo Metropolis was created."]}],"lines":[{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L060.rd.001","source":"東京はむかしは「えど」とよばれていました。","translation":"Tokyo used to be called Edo.","reading":"とうきょうはむかしは「えど」とよばれていました。","words":[{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むかし","gloss":"formerly"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"「えど」","gloss":"Edo"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"よば","gloss":"called"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"called"},{"text":"て","gloss":"called"},{"text":"い","gloss":"called"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"called"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L060.rd.002","source":"「えど」が東京にかわったのは千八百六十八年の七月でした。","translation":"It was in July 1868 that Edo was changed to Tokyo.","reading":"「えど」がとうきょうにかわったのはせんはっぴゃくろくじゅうはちねんのしちがつでした。","words":[{"text":"「えど」","gloss":"Edo"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かわっ","gloss":"changed"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"千","gloss":"1868","reading":"せん"},{"text":"八百","gloss":"1868","reading":"はっぴゃく"},{"text":"六十","gloss":"1868","reading":"ろくじゅう"},{"text":"八","gloss":"1868","reading":"はち"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"七","gloss":"July"},{"text":"月","gloss":"July"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L060.rd.003","source":"ですから、東京はひかくてき新しい名しょうです。","translation":"Therefore, Tokyo is a comparatively new name.","reading":"ですから、とうきょうはひかくてきあたらしいめいしょうです。","words":[{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ひかく","gloss":"comparatively"},{"text":"てき","gloss":"comparatively"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"名","gloss":"name","reading":"めい"},{"text":"しょう","gloss":"name"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L060.rd.004","source":"そして同じ年の十月に首府を東京に移しました。","translation":"Then, in October of the same year, the capital was moved to Tokyo.","reading":"そしておなじとしのじゅうがつにしゅふをとうきょうにうつしました。","words":[{"text":"そして","gloss":"then"},{"text":"同じ","gloss":"same","reading":"おなじ"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"とし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"十","gloss":"October","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"月","gloss":"October","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"首府","gloss":"capital","reading":"しゅふ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"移し","gloss":"moved","reading":"うつし"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"moved"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L060.rd.005","source":"それまでは、首府は都と言って、京都にありました。","translation":"Until then, the capital was called Miyako and was located in Kyoto.","reading":"それまでは、しゅふはみやこといって、きょうとにありました。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"首府","gloss":"capital","reading":"しゅふ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"都","gloss":"Miyako"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"called","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"called"},{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"located"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"located"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L060.rd.006","source":"それから、長い間とくがわのお城だったえど城を宮城としました。","translation":"Then Edo Castle, which had long been the Tokugawa castle, was made the Imperial Palace.","reading":"それから、ながいあいだとくがわのおしろだったえどじょうをきゅうじょうとしました。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"after"},{"text":"長い","gloss":"long","reading":"ながい"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time","reading":"あいだ"},{"text":"とく","gloss":"Tokugawa"},{"text":"がわ","gloss":"Tokugawa"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"お","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"城","gloss":"castle","reading":"しろ"},{"text":"だっ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"えど","gloss":"Edo Castle"},{"text":"城","gloss":"Edo Castle","reading":"じょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"宮城","gloss":"Imperial Palace"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"made"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"made"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L060.rd.007","source":"このえど城は千四百五十七年にたてられたものです。","translation":"This Edo Castle was built in 1457.","reading":"このえどじょうはせんよんひゃくごじゅうしちねんにたてられたものです。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"えど","gloss":"Edo Castle"},{"text":"城","gloss":"Edo Castle","reading":"じょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"千","gloss":"1457"},{"text":"四百","gloss":"1457"},{"text":"五十","gloss":"1457"},{"text":"七","gloss":"1457"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"たて","gloss":"built"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"built"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L060.rd.008","source":"千九百四十三年に東京市と東京府がなくなって、東京都が出来ました。","translation":"In 1943, Tokyo City and Tokyo Prefecture ceased to exist, and Tokyo Metropolis was created.","reading":"せんきゅうひゃくよんじゅうさんねんにとうきょうしととうきょうふがなくなって、とうきょうとができました。","words":[{"text":"千","gloss":"1943","reading":"せん"},{"text":"九百","gloss":"1943","reading":"きゅうひゃく"},{"text":"四十","gloss":"1943","reading":"よんじゅう"},{"text":"三","gloss":"1943","reading":"さん"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo City","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"市","gloss":"Tokyo City","reading":"し"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo Prefecture","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"府","gloss":"Tokyo Prefecture","reading":"ふ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"なくなっ","gloss":"ceased"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo Metropolis","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"都","gloss":"Tokyo Metropolis","reading":"と"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"created","reading":"でき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"created"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.rd.008.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"むかし","gloss":"ancient, old"},{"word":"千","gloss":"1,000"},{"word":"八百","gloss":"800"},{"word":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"word":"四百","gloss":"400"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"},{"word":"四十","gloss":"40"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Tokyo wards and overcrowding · Reading Selection 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Two meanings of Tokyo","paragraphs":["*東京と言えば、東京都の事か、東京の区部の事かわかりません* means that Tokyo can mean the metropolis or its ward section. The ward section has 23 wards.","The metropolis has about eleven and a half million people. The ward section has more than nine million."]},{"title":"Places like Ginza","paragraphs":["*その多くは銀ざのような所にあつまるのです* means \"Many of them gather in places like Ginza.\" The *のような* phrase describes the kind of place.","About 600,000 people enter Tokyo for work during the day. Ginza and Marunouchi have so many people that they seem overcrowded."]}],"lines":[{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L060.rd.009","source":"ですから、今では東京市","translation":"Therefore, nowadays, Tokyo City","reading":"ですから、いまではとうきょうし","words":[{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo City","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"市","gloss":"Tokyo City","reading":"し"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L060.rd.010","source":"と言うものはないのです。","translation":"does not exist.","reading":"というものはないのです。","words":[{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"does not exist"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L060.rd.011","source":"むかしの東京市は今では区部と言って、今日では区が二十三あります。","translation":"The former Tokyo City is now called the ward section, and today there are twenty-three wards.","reading":"むかしのとうきょうしはいまではくぶといって、こんにちではくがにじゅうさんあります。","words":[{"text":"むかし","gloss":"former"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo City","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"市","gloss":"Tokyo City","reading":"し"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"区部","gloss":"ward section","reading":"くぶ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"called","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"called"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"こんにち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"区","gloss":"wards","reading":"く"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"二十","gloss":"twenty-three","reading":"にじゅう"},{"text":"三","gloss":"twenty-three","reading":"さん"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L060.rd.012","source":"それで、東京と言えば、東京都の事か、東京の区部の事かわかりません。","translation":"Therefore, when someone says Tokyo, it is not clear whether they mean Tokyo Metropolis or the ward section of Tokyo.","reading":"それで、とうきょうといえば、とうきょうとのことか、とうきょうのくぶのことかわかりません。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"say","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo Metropolis","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"都","gloss":"Tokyo Metropolis","reading":"と"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"meaning","reading":"こと"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"or"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"区部","gloss":"ward section","reading":"くぶ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"meaning","reading":"こと"},{"text":"か","gloss":"or"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.rd.012.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L060.rd.013","source":"東京都の人口は一千百五十万ぐらいで、区部の人口は九百万いじょうあります。","translation":"Tokyo Metropolis has a population of about 11.5 million, and the ward section has a population of more than nine million.","reading":"とうきょうとのじんこうはいっせんひゃくごじゅうまんぐらいで、くぶのじんこうはきゅうひゃくまんいじょうあります。","words":[{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo Metropolis","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"都","gloss":"Tokyo Metropolis","reading":"と"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"人口","gloss":"population","reading":"じんこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一千","gloss":"11.5 million","reading":"いっせん"},{"text":"百","gloss":"11.5 million","reading":"ひゃく"},{"text":"五十","gloss":"11.5 million","reading":"ごじゅう"},{"text":"万","gloss":"11.5 million","reading":"まん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"区部","gloss":"ward section","reading":"くぶ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"人口","gloss":"population","reading":"じんこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"九百","gloss":"nine million","reading":"きゅうひゃく"},{"text":"万","gloss":"nine million","reading":"まん"},{"text":"いじょう","gloss":"more than"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.rd.013.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L060.rd.014","source":"ことに銀ざやまるのうちの方は人が多すぎるくらいです。","translation":"There are especially so many people in places like Ginza and Marunouchi that they seem overcrowded.","reading":"ことにぎんざやまるのうちのほうはひとがおおすぎるくらいです。","words":[{"text":"こと","gloss":"especially"},{"text":"に","gloss":"especially"},{"text":"銀","gloss":"Ginza","reading":"ぎん"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"Ginza"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"まる","gloss":"Marunouchi"},{"text":"の","gloss":"Marunouchi"},{"text":"うち","gloss":"Marunouchi"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"area","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多","gloss":"many","reading":"おお"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too many"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"to the extent"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.rd.014.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L060.rd.015","source":"昼間東京へ仕事にはいって来る人たちだけでも六十万ぐらいで、その多くは銀ざのような所にあつまるのです。","translation":"About 600,000 people come into Tokyo to work during the day, and many of them gather in places like Ginza.","reading":"ひるまとうきょうへしごとにはいってくるひとたちだけでもろくじゅうまんぐらいで、そのおおくはぎんざのようなところにあつまるのです。","words":[{"text":"昼間","gloss":"daytime","reading":"ひるま"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"はいっ","gloss":"come into"},{"text":"て","gloss":"come into"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"come into","reading":"くる"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"plural"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"alone"},{"text":"で","gloss":"even"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"六十","gloss":"600,000","reading":"ろくじゅう"},{"text":"万","gloss":"600,000","reading":"まん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"その","gloss":"their"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"銀","gloss":"Ginza","reading":"ぎん"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"Ginza"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"like"},{"text":"な","gloss":"like"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あつまる","gloss":"gather"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.rd.015.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L060.rd.016","source":"日本へあそびに行く外国人が日本に着いて一番始めにかんじる事は、人が多い事だそうです。","translation":"The first thing foreigners visiting Japan for pleasure notice when they arrive is how many people there are.","reading":"にほんへあそびにいくがいこくじんがにほんについていちばんはじめにかんじることは、ひとがおおいことだそうです。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"pleasure"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreigners"},{"text":"人","gloss":"foreigners"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"着い","gloss":"arrive","reading":"つい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"first","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"始め","gloss":"beginning","reading":"はじめ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"かんじる","gloss":"notice"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"事","gloss":"fact","reading":"こと"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.rd.016.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"くらい","gloss":"dark"},{"word":"あつまる","gloss":"to gather"},{"word":"一番","gloss":"number one (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"かんじる","gloss":"to feel"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Tokyo's names and early history · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Tokyo's early history","paragraphs":["The questions ask for names, dates, locations, and buildings. *東京は むかしは 何と よばれていましたか* means \"What was Tokyo called in the old days?\"","An answer supplies the requested name, date, place, or owner."]}],"lines":[{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L060.q.001","source":"東京は むかしは 何と よばれていましたか。","translation":"What was Tokyo called in the old days?","reading":"とうきょうはむかしはなんとよばれていましたか。","words":[{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むかし","gloss":"old days"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"よば","gloss":"called"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"called"},{"text":"て","gloss":"called"},{"text":"い","gloss":"called"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"called"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.q.001.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L060.q.002","source":"えどが 東京に かわったのは いつでしたか。","translation":"When was Edo changed to Tokyo?","reading":"えどがとうきょうにかわったのはいつでしたか。","words":[{"text":"えど","gloss":"Edo"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かわっ","gloss":"changed"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.q.002.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L060.q.003","source":"それまでは 首府は 何と 言っていましたか。","translation":"Until then, what was the capital called?","reading":"それまではしゅふはなんといっていましたか。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"首府","gloss":"capital","reading":"しゅふ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"called","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"called"},{"text":"い","gloss":"called"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"called"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.q.003.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L060.q.004","source":"都は どこに ありましたか。","translation":"Where was Miyako located?","reading":"みやこはどこにありましたか。","words":[{"text":"都","gloss":"Miyako"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"located"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"located"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.q.004.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L060.q.005","source":"首府が 東京に 移ったのは いつですか。","translation":"When was the capital moved to Tokyo?","reading":"しゅふがとうきょうにうつったのはいつですか。","words":[{"text":"首府","gloss":"capital","reading":"しゅふ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"移っ","gloss":"moved","reading":"うつっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.q.005.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L060.q.006","source":"宮城は だれの お城でしたか。","translation":"Whose castle was the Imperial Palace?","reading":"きゅうじょうはだれのおしろでしたか。","words":[{"text":"宮城","gloss":"Imperial Palace"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"whose"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"お","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"城","gloss":"castle"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.q.006.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L060.q.007","source":"えど城は いつ 出来たものですか。","translation":"When was Edo Castle built?","reading":"えどじょうはいつできたものですか。","words":[{"text":"えど","gloss":"Edo"},{"text":"城","gloss":"Castle","reading":"じょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"built","reading":"でき"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.q.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"えど","gloss":"former name of Tokyo"},{"word":"いつ","gloss":"when?"},{"word":"だれ","gloss":"who?"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Tokyo's wards and population · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Tokyo Metropolis and its wards","paragraphs":["The questions ask when Tokyo Metropolis began, what its ward section is called, and how many people each area has.","*昼間 東京へ 仕事に 来る 人のかずは、どのぐらいですか* asks \"About how many people come to Tokyo to work during the day?\"","An answer supplies a date, a name, a population, or the reported daytime number."]}],"lines":[{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L060.q.008","source":"東京都が 出来たのは いつですか。","translation":"When was Tokyo Metropolis created?","reading":"とうきょうとができたのはいつですか。","words":[{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo Metropolis","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"都","gloss":"Tokyo Metropolis","reading":"と"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"created","reading":"でき"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.q.008.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L060.q.009","source":"むかしの 東京市は 今では 何と 言いますか。","translation":"What is the former Tokyo City called now?","reading":"むかしのとうきょうしはいまではなんといいますか。","words":[{"text":"むかし","gloss":"former"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"市","gloss":"City","reading":"し"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"call","reading":"いい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.q.009.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L060.q.010","source":"今日、東京と 言えば、東京都の 事ですか、東京の区部の事ですか。","translation":"Today, when someone says Tokyo, do they mean Tokyo Metropolis or the ward section of Tokyo?","reading":"こんにち、とうきょうといえば、とうきょうとのことですか、とうきょうのくぶのことですか。","words":[{"text":"今日、","gloss":"today","reading":"こんにち"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"say","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo Metropolis","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"都","gloss":"Tokyo Metropolis","reading":"と"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"meaning","reading":"こと"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"question"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"区部","gloss":"ward section","reading":"くぶ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"meaning","reading":"こと"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.q.010.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L060.q.011","source":"東京都の人口は どのぐらいですか。","translation":"What is the population of Tokyo Metropolis?","reading":"とうきょうとのじんこうはどのぐらいですか。","words":[{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo Metropolis","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"都","gloss":"Tokyo Metropolis","reading":"と"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"人口","gloss":"population","reading":"じんこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.q.011.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L060.q.012","source":"東京の区部の人口は どのぐらい ですか。","translation":"What is the population of the ward section of Tokyo?","reading":"とうきょうのくぶのじんこうはどのぐらいですか。","words":[{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"区部","gloss":"ward section","reading":"くぶ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"人口","gloss":"population","reading":"じんこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.q.012.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L060.q.013","source":"昼間 東京へ 仕事に 来る 人のかずは、どのぐらいですか。","translation":"About how many people come to Tokyo to work during the day?","reading":"ひるまとうきょうへしごとにくるひとのかずは、どのぐらいですか。","words":[{"text":"昼間","gloss":"during the day","reading":"ひるま"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"come","reading":"くる"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"かず","gloss":"number"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.q.013.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L060.q.014","source":"日本へ あそびに来る 外国人が 日本に着いて 一番始めに かんじる 事は 何ですか。","translation":"What is the first thing foreigners visiting Japan for pleasure notice when they arrive in Japan?","reading":"にほんへあそびにくるがいこくじんがにほんについていちばんはじめにかんじることはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"あそび","gloss":"pleasure"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"come"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreigners"},{"text":"人","gloss":"foreigners"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"着い","gloss":"arrive","reading":"つい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"arrive"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"始め","gloss":"first","reading":"はじめ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"かんじる","gloss":"notice"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.q.014.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"今日、","gloss":"today"},{"word":"どの","gloss":"which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)"},{"word":"かず","gloss":"number"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Words for capitals and palaces · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Names, castles, and capitals","paragraphs":["These words cover Tokyo's names, castles, palaces, and capitals.","*宮城* is the Imperial Palace in Tokyo. *こうきょ* means \"Imperial residence\" or \"Palace,\" and *首府* means \"capital city.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.001","source":"ひかくてき","translation":"comparatively, relatively","reading":"ひかくてき","words":[{"text":"ひかくてき","gloss":"comparatively"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.001.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.002","source":"名しょう","translation":"name, designation","reading":"めいしょう","words":[{"text":"名しょう","gloss":"designation","reading":"めいしょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.002.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.003","source":"名をつける","translation":"to name","reading":"なをつける","words":[{"text":"名をつける","gloss":"to name","reading":"なをつける"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.003.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.004","source":"えど","translation":"former name of Tokyo","reading":"えど","words":[{"text":"えど","gloss":"former Tokyo name"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.004.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.005","source":"宮城","translation":"Imperial Palace in Tokyo","reading":"きゅうじょう","words":[{"text":"宮城","gloss":"Imperial Palace in Tokyo","reading":"きゅうじょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.005.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.006","source":"(お)城","translation":"castle","reading":"(お)しろ","words":[{"text":"(お)城","gloss":"castle","reading":"(お)しろ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.006.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.007","source":"こうきょ","translation":"Imperial residence, Palace","reading":"こうきょ","words":[{"text":"こうきょ","gloss":"Imperial residence"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.007.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.008","source":"--ときめる","translation":"to choose as, decided upon as","reading":"--ときめる","words":[{"text":"--ときめる","gloss":"choose as"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.008.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.009","source":"首府","translation":"capital (city)","reading":"しゅふ","words":[{"text":"首府","gloss":"capital city","reading":"しゅふ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.009.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.010","source":"御所","translation":"an Imperial Palace","reading":"ごしょ","words":[{"text":"御所","gloss":"Imperial Palace","reading":"ごしょ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ひかくてき","gloss":"comparatively, relatively"},{"word":"名しょう","gloss":"name, designation"},{"word":"名をつける","gloss":"to name"},{"word":"(お)城","gloss":"castle"},{"word":"こうきょ","gloss":"Imperial residence, Palace"},{"word":"--ときめる","gloss":"to choose as, decided upon as"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Words for uncertainty and appearance · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Administration, excess, and appearance","paragraphs":["These words cover Tokyo administration and expressions for uncertainty, excess, and appearance.","*東京都* means \"Tokyo Metropolitan Prefecture.\" *多すぎる* means \"too many\" or \"too much,\" and *--みたい* means \"looks like,\" \"seems,\" or \"appears.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.011","source":"都","translation":"capital","reading":"みやこ","words":[{"text":"都","gloss":"capital","reading":"みやこ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.011.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.012","source":"一たい","translation":"anyway, -- on earth","reading":"いったい","words":[{"text":"一たい","gloss":"on earth","reading":"いったい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.012.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.013","source":"あいまい","translation":"vague, ambiguous","reading":"あいまい","words":[{"text":"あいまい","gloss":"vague"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.013.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.014","source":"区部","translation":"the ward sections of Tokyo","reading":"くぶ","words":[{"text":"区部","gloss":"Tokyo ward sections","reading":"くぶ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.014.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.015","source":"東京府","translation":"Tokyo Metropolitan Prefecture","reading":"とうきょうふ","words":[{"text":"東京府","gloss":"Tokyo Metropolitan Prefecture","reading":"とうきょうふ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.015.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.016","source":"東京都","translation":"Tokyo Metropolitan Prefecture (See Cultural Notes)","reading":"とうきょうと","words":[{"text":"東京都","gloss":"Tokyo Metropolitan Prefecture","reading":"とうきょうと"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.016.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.017","source":"--か--か わからない","translation":"can't tell whether -- or -- (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--か--かわからない","words":[{"text":"--か--かわからない","gloss":"cannot tell whether"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.017.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.018","source":"多すぎる","translation":"too many, too much","reading":"おおすぎる","words":[{"text":"多すぎる","gloss":"too many","reading":"おおすぎる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.018.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.019","source":"--すぎる","translation":"suffix meaning excess (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--すぎる","words":[{"text":"--すぎる","gloss":"excessively"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.019.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.020","source":"--みたい","translation":"looks like, seems, appears (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--みたい","words":[{"text":"--みたい","gloss":"seems like"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"一たい","gloss":"anyway, -- on earth"},{"word":"東京府","gloss":"Tokyo Metropolitan Prefecture"},{"word":"東京都","gloss":"Tokyo Metropolitan Prefecture (See Cultural Notes)"},{"word":"--か--かわからない","gloss":"can't tell whether -- or -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"多すぎる","gloss":"too many, too much"},{"word":"--すぎる","gloss":"suffix meaning excess (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"--みたい","gloss":"looks like, seems, appears (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Population and prefecture words · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Population and crowded places","paragraphs":["These words cover prefectures, population, gathering, and likeness.","*県* means \"prefecture.\" *人口* means \"population,\" and *--のような* means \"like\" or \"such\" before a noun."]}],"lines":[{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.021","source":"昼間","translation":"daytime","reading":"ひるま","words":[{"text":"昼間","gloss":"daytime","reading":"ひるま"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.021.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.022","source":"県","translation":"prefecture (See Cultural Notes)","reading":"けん","words":[{"text":"県","gloss":"prefecture","reading":"けん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.022.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.023","source":"多く","translation":"many of them","reading":"おおく","words":[{"text":"多く","gloss":"many of them","reading":"おおく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.023.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.024","source":"--のような","translation":"like, such (See Grammar Notes)","reading":"--のような","words":[{"text":"--のような","gloss":"like"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.024.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.025","source":"それにしても","translation":"even then, at any rate","reading":"それにしても","words":[{"text":"それにしても","gloss":"at any rate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.025.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.026","source":"あつまる","translation":"to gather","reading":"あつまる","words":[{"text":"あつまる","gloss":"to gather"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.026.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.027","source":"ラッシュ","translation":"rush hour","reading":"ラッシュ","words":[{"text":"ラッシュ","gloss":"rush hour"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.027.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.028","source":"人口","translation":"population","reading":"じんこう","words":[{"text":"人口","gloss":"population","reading":"じんこう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.028.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.029","source":"いじょう","translation":"more than","reading":"いじょう","words":[{"text":"いじょう","gloss":"more than"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.029.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.030","source":"たてる","translation":"to build","reading":"たてる","words":[{"text":"たてる","gloss":"to build"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.030.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"--のような","gloss":"like, such (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"それにしても","gloss":"even then, at any rate"},{"word":"たてる","gloss":"to build"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Cities, buildings and quantities · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Cities, size, and quantity","paragraphs":["These words cover cities, buildings, quantities, and enlargement. *京都府* means \"Kyoto urban prefecture.\"","*---たらず* means \"slightly short of\" or \"less than.\" *日本語を 習っている 生徒は 百人たらずです* means \"Students who are learning Japanese are less than a hundred.\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 問","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":157,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.031","source":"---たらず","translation":"slightly short of, not quite, less than","reading":"---たらず","words":[{"text":"---たらず","gloss":"slightly short of"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.031.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.032","source":"大きくする","translation":"to enlarge","reading":"おおきくする","words":[{"text":"大きくする","gloss":"to enlarge","reading":"おおきくする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.032.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.033","source":"京都府","translation":"Kyoto urban prefecture","reading":"きょうとふ","words":[{"text":"京都府","gloss":"Kyoto urban prefecture","reading":"きょうとふ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.033.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.034","source":"大きな市では 交通の事が いつも 問題に なります。","translation":"In a big city the matter of transportation is always a problem.","reading":"おおきなしではこうつうのことがいつももんだいになります。","words":[{"text":"大きな市では交通の事がいつも問題になります。","gloss":"transportation is always problematic","reading":"おおきなしではこうつうのことがいつももんだいになります。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.034.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.035","source":"えど城は 1457年に たてられました。","translation":"Edo castle was built in 1457.","reading":"えどじょうはせんよんひゃくごじゅうしちねんにたてられました。","words":[{"text":"えど城は1457年にたてられました。","gloss":"Edo Castle built 1457","reading":"えどじょうはせんよんひゃくごじゅうしちねんにたてられました。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.035.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.036","source":"日本語を 習っている 生徒は 百人たらずです。","translation":"Students who are learning Japanese are less than a hundred.","reading":"にほんごをならっているせいとはひゃくにんたらずです。","words":[{"text":"日本語を習っている生徒は百人たらずです。","gloss":"under one hundred students","reading":"にほんごをならっているせいとはひゃくにんたらずです。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.036.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"ja.dli.L060.w.037","source":"私は 家を 大きくしました。","translation":"I enlarged my house.","reading":"わたくしはいえをおおきくしました。","words":[{"text":"私は家を大きくしました。","gloss":"I enlarged my house","reading":"わたくしはいえをおおきくしました。"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L060.w.037.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":6,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\n1 Look at the map of Tokyo area on page 75 and talk about it.\n\n2 Look at the detailed map of Tokyo on page 75 and talk about it.\n\n3 Talk about the following:\n\na Visiting Tokyo--carry on a question and answer session with your fellow students.\n\nb Brief history of Tokyo.\n\nc History of the Imperial Palace.\n\nd Population, etc."},{"section":7,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Memorize the Dialogue and study the vocabulary.\n\n2 Study the Pattern Drills.\n\n3 Learn to read and write the new kanji.\n\n4 Read the Explanatory Notes.\n\n5 Use the guide given for practice in free conversation."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"---たらず","gloss":"slightly short of, not quite, less than"},{"word":"大きくする","gloss":"to enlarge"},{"word":"京都府","gloss":"Kyoto urban prefecture"},{"word":"大きな市では交通の事がいつも問題になります。","gloss":"\"In a big city the matter of transportation is always a problem.\""},{"word":"えど城は1457年にたてられました。","gloss":"\"Edo castle was built in 1457.\""},{"word":"日本語を習っている生徒は百人たらずです。","gloss":"Students who are learning Japanese are less than a hundred."},{"word":"私は家を大きくしました。","gloss":"I enlarged my house."}],"paradigms":[]}]}