{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L065","title":"Lesson 65","stage":"Kanji and everyday Japanese","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 65: asking for an introduction · dialogue 1 of 6, formal introductions and workplaces · dialogue 2 of 6, first visits and changed plans · dialogue 3 of 6, introducing two women · dialogue 4 of 6, praising language ability · dialogue 5 of 6, learning languages by listening · dialogue 6 of 6, gladness about past choices · perception drill, emphatic disbelief with reasons · perception drill, gladness about helpful actions · pattern 1 1 of 3, gladness about favorable results · pattern 1 2 of 3, relief about uncertain outcomes · pattern 1 3 of 3, rhetorical doubts about possibility · pattern 2 1 of 3, rejecting unlikely possibilities · pattern 2 2 of 3, rejecting predictions and expectations · pattern 2 3 of 3, greetings, introductions and language ability · reading selection 2 of 3, learning conversation through listening · reading selection 3 of 3, questions about introductions and work · questions 1 of 2, meeting and language learning · questions 2 of 2, introductions and polite greetings · word list 1 of 3, gladness and compliments · word list 2 of 3, emphasis.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/65","lines":164},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/64","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/66","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Asking for an introduction · Dialogue 1 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"A request for an introduction","paragraphs":["*あの方は どなたですか* means \"Who is he?\" The answer identifies the man as Mr. Miller.","The speaker then asks for an introduction, and the other speaker agrees."]},{"title":"A respectful word for a person","paragraphs":["In *あの方は どなたですか*, *方* is a respectful word for a person.","Here *あの方* refers respectfully to the man being discussed."]},{"title":"Kanji: 存","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.001","source":"あの方は どなたですか。","translation":"Who is he?","reading":"あのかたはどなたですか。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どなた","gloss":"who"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.002","source":"ミラーさんです。","translation":"He is Mr. Miller.","reading":"ミラーさんです。","words":[{"text":"ミラー","gloss":"Miller"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.003","source":"よく 御存じでしたら、 しょうかいして いただけませんか。","translation":"If you know him well, I wonder if you can introduce me to him.","reading":"よくごぞんじでしたら、しょうかいしていただけませんか。","words":[{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"御","gloss":"honorable","reading":"ご"},{"text":"存じ","gloss":"know","reading":"ぞんじ"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"is"},{"text":"たら、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"しょうかい","gloss":"introduce"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"いただけ","gloss":"can receive"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.004","source":"よろしゅう 御ざいますとも。","translation":"Why, certainly.","reading":"よろしゅうございますとも。","words":[{"text":"よろしゅう","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"御","gloss":"honorable","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"be"},{"text":"い","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"と","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"も。","gloss":"certainly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.005","source":"ミラーさん、 ちょっと。","translation":"Mr. Miller, may I see you just a moment?","reading":"ミラーさん、ちょっと。","words":[{"text":"ミラー","gloss":"Miller"},{"text":"さん、","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"ちょっと。","gloss":"a moment"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.006","source":"何か ------。","translation":"Do you want something?","reading":"なにか------。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"something","reading":"なに"},{"text":"か------。","gloss":"something"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"---TE YOKATTA (TO OMOU)\n\nFollowing the TE-form of verbs, both in the affirmative and negative, and i-adjectives YOKATTA TO OMOU expresses an idea of \"I am glad I did such-and-such\", or \"I am glad it was such-and-such\".\n\nExamples:\n\nHAYAKU KITE YOKATTA TO OMOIMASU. \"I am glad I came early.\"\n\nNIHONGO O NARATTE YOKATTA TO OMOIMASU. \"I am glad I learned Japanese.\"\n\nKYOO WA SUZUSHIKUTE YOKATTA TO OMOIMASU. \"I am glad it was cool today.\"\n\nHAYAKU ISHA NI KAKATTE YOKATTA TO OMOTTE IMASU. \"I am glad I consulted the doctor early.\"\n\nNote: TO OMOU can be omitted to express same idea."},{"section":2,"text":"2 MONO DESU KA \"emphatic negative\"\n\nFollowing the basic form of verbs, MONO DESU KA expresses a strong negative. Variations of MONO DESU KA are MON DESU KA, MONO KA. Actually, MONO DESU KA is an interrogative expression and you are asking yourself a question and answering it with an emphatic negative. \"Does he do such-and-such? Definitely not.\"\n\nExamples:\n\nANO HITO NI WAKARU MONO DESU KA. \"He certainly would not understand it.\"\n\nKYOO AME GA FURU MONO DESU KA. \"Do you think it will rain today? It certainly will not rain today.\"\n\nANO HITO GA KURU MON DESU KA. \"He certainly would not come.\""},{"section":3,"text":"--- MONO DESU YO. \"You should do---.\"\n\nFollowing the basic form of verbs, MONO DESU YO is used in an obligatory sense when addressing to the second person and is best translated as \"you should do ---\", \"you had better do ---\", or \"you ought to do ---.\" Compare N DESU NE introduced in Lesson 52 which gives similar meanings.\n\nExamples:\n\nMOTTO BENKYOO SURU MONO DESU YO. \"You should study more.\"\n\nHAYAKU NERU MONO DESU YO. \"You had better go to sleep early.\"\n\nTOKIDOKI ASOBU MONO DESU YO. \"You should enjoy yourself once in a while.\""},{"section":4,"text":"Notes on:\n\nMONO \"because\"\n\nThe particle MONO occurs as a more familiar, informal equivalent of KARA \"because\", in sentences where the emphasis is on the reason or justification for an action which is contrary to expectation. It occurs more commonly, though not exclusively, in the speech of women.\n\nExamples:\n\nARE O KAITAKATTA KEDO, YAMETA NO YO. --TAKAIN DESU MONO. \"I wanted to buy it but I gave up the idea---because it’s expensive.\"\n\nICHIJIKAN MO ARUKU NO NARA, IKANAI WA. --TSUKARERU MONO \"If it’s a matter of walking for all of an hour, I am not going --- because I’ll get tired.\"\n\nKONNA EIGA WA TSUMARANAI MONO, MOO DEYOO YO. \"This kind of movie is boring, so let’s leave now.\"\n\nIRASSHAI\n\nThere are a group of honorific verbs in Japanese. These are KUDASARU, OSSHARU, IRASSHARU, NASARU, and the familiar imperative forms of these verbs are KUDASAI, \"please give\"; OSSHAI, \"please say it\"; IRASSHAI, \"please come\", \"please go\"; and NASAI, \"please do\" respectively."},{"section":5,"text":"Sentence Particle WA\n\nThe sentence particle WA occurs as a sentence final, or pre-final before YO, NEE and NE in the speech for women. It regularly follows non-past and past inflected words in the informal style, plain and polite. It is a particle which indicates friendliness and assertiveness--in a gentle way--and some familiarity. Whereas SOO DA is abrupt and masculine, SOO DA WA is friendly and feminine.\n\nInformal patterns consisting of an informal non-past or past directly followed by YO, NEE, and NE are more typical of men’s speech. If sentence particle WA is inserted before YO, NEE, and NE in such sequences, they become typical of women’s speech.\n\n| Men’s Speech | Women’s Speech\n\"I understand\" | WAKARU YO | WAKARU WA YO\n\"I understood\" | WAKATTA YO | WAKATTA WA YO\n\"Isn’t it expensive! | TAKAI NEE | TAKAI WA NEE\n\"That’s right, isn’t it?\" | SOO DA NE? | SOO DESU WA NE?\n\"It was terrible, wasn’t it?\" | TAIHEN DATTA NE? | TAIHEN DATTA WA NE?"},{"section":6,"text":"KOTO.\n\nThe nominalizer KOTO occurs as a sentence final in the speech for women to express \"wonder\". It regularly follows DESU and at times the basic form of i-adjectives in honorific form.\n\nExamples:\n\nKIREI DESU KOTO. \"My, how pretty.\"\n\nOJOOZU DESU KOTO. \"My, how good!\"\n\nOHAYAI KOTO. \"My, how fast!\""},{"section":7,"text":"Omission of case particles.\n\nGA, WA, and O are frequently omitted, particularly in short sentences. The result is a slightly less formal alternant.\n\nExamples:\n\nWATAKUSHI SOO OMOIMASU WA. \"I think so.\"\n\nWA has been omitted after WATAKUSHI.\n\nKOMBAN NANI SURU? \"What are you going to do tonight?\"\n\nO has been omitted after NANI\n\nANATA DOKO E IKUN DESU KA. \"Where are you going?\"\n\nWA has been omitted after ANATA."},{"section":8,"text":"KATA.\n\nBesides KONO KATA, SONO KATA, ANO KATA, KATA is sometimes used with proper nouns and common nouns.\n\nExamples:\n\nOTOKO NO KATA \"man\"\n\nONNA NO KATA \"woman\"\n\nNIHON NO KATA \"Japanese\"\n\nAMERIKA NO KATA \"American\"\n\nTAISHIKAN NO KATA \"a person from embassy\""}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ちょっと。","gloss":"a little"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Formal introductions and workplaces · Dialogue 2 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"Formal greetings at a first meeting","paragraphs":["A friend introduces Mr. Minami, and the two men exchange formal greetings.","*初めて お目に かかります* means \"I am glad to make an acquaintance with you.\" It is a humble greeting."]},{"title":"What one man has heard","paragraphs":["*ミラーさんの 事は 西村さんから うけたまわっておりました* means \"I have heard about you from Mr. Nishimura, Mr. Miller.\"","He then says that he understands Mr. Miller works at an embassy."]},{"title":"Kanji: 初","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.007","source":"友人の 南さんを 御しょうかい いたしましょう。","translation":"May I introduce my friend, Mr. Minami.","reading":"ゆうじんのみなみさんをごしょうかいいたしましょう。","words":[{"text":"友人","gloss":"friend","reading":"ゆうじん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"南","gloss":"Minami","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"御","gloss":"honorable","reading":"ご"},{"text":"しょうかい","gloss":"introduction"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"shall"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.008","source":"それは それは。","translation":"Thank you very much.","reading":"それはそれは。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は。","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.009","source":"初めて お目に かかります。","translation":"I am glad to make an acquaintance with you.","reading":"はじめておめにかかります。","words":[{"text":"初めて","gloss":"for first time","reading":"はじめて"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"目","gloss":"meet","reading":"め"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かかり","gloss":"meet"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.010","source":"初めまして。 どうぞ よろしく。","translation":"Pleased to meet you. I hope you will honor me with your friendship.","reading":"はじめまして。どうぞよろしく。","words":[{"text":"初めまして。","gloss":"pleased to meet you","reading":"はじめまして"},{"text":"どうぞ","gloss":"please"},{"text":"よろしく。","gloss":"treat me kindly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.011","source":"こちらこそ。","translation":"Indeed, I am the one who should say that.","reading":"こちらこそ。","words":[{"text":"こちら","gloss":"I"},{"text":"こそ。","gloss":"indeed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.012","source":"ミラーさんの 事は 西村さんから うけたまわっておりました。 大使館で おつとめ だそうですね。","translation":"I have heard about you from Mr. Nishimura, Mr. Miller. I understand you are working at an embassy, isn’t that right?","reading":"ミラーさんのことはにしむらさんからうけたまわっておりました。たいしかんでおつとめだそうですね。","words":[{"text":"ミラー","gloss":"Miller"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"事","gloss":"matter","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"西村","gloss":"Nishimura","reading":"にしむら"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"うけたまわっ","gloss":"heard"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"おり","gloss":"have been"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"},{"text":"大使","gloss":"embassy","reading":"たいし"},{"text":"館","gloss":"embassy","reading":"かん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"つとめ","gloss":"work"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I understand"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"友人","gloss":"friend"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"南","gloss":"south"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"こちら","gloss":"this, here (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"こそ。","gloss":"indeed, certainly\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"大使","gloss":"ambassador"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"First visits and changed plans · Dialogue 3 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"A changed plan","paragraphs":["Mr. Miller describes a plan to go to England that changed suddenly and brought him to Japan.","*でも 日本へ 来て よかったと 思っております* means \"I am glad I came to Japan, though.\""]},{"title":"Gladness about what happened","paragraphs":["In *来て よかったと 思っております*, listen for *来て よかった* after the action that happened.","The full expression states his gladness about coming to Japan."]},{"title":"Kanji: 座","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.013","source":"はあ、 九月に こちらに 参ったばかりで、 まだ 皆様に お目に かかっておりません。","translation":"Yes, I have just come over here in September and I haven’t had the honor of meeting everyone.","reading":"はあ、くがつにこちらにまいったばかりで、まだみなさまにおめにかかっておりません。","words":[{"text":"はあ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"九","gloss":"September"},{"text":"月","gloss":"September"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"こちら","gloss":"here"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"参っ","gloss":"came"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"just"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"everyone"},{"text":"様","gloss":"everyone"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"目","gloss":"meet"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かかっ","gloss":"meet"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"おり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.014","source":"それは 中々 おいそがしい ことで 御ざいましょう。 で、 日本は 初めてで 御ざいますか。","translation":"You must indeed be very busy. And, is this your first visit to Japan?","reading":"それはなかなかおいそがしいことでございましょう。で、にほんははじめてでございますか。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"中々","gloss":"very","reading":"なかなか"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"situation"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"御","gloss":"honorable","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざい","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほんは"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"初めて","gloss":"first visit","reading":"じめて"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"御","gloss":"honorable","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"be"},{"text":"い","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.015","source":"はあ、 今度も 始めは 英国へ 行くように なっておりましたのが、 急に 変りまして、 こちらへ 参る ことに なったのです。 でも 日本へ 来て よかったと 思っております。","translation":"Yes, and this time I was supposed to go to England at first; but it has been changed suddenly and it so turned out that I came over here. I am glad I came to Japan, though.","reading":"はあ、こんどもはじめはえいこくへいくようになっておりましたのが、きゅうにかわりまして、こちらへまいることになったのです。でもにほんへきてよかったとおもっております。","words":[{"text":"はあ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"今度","gloss":"this time","reading":"こんど"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"始め","gloss":"at first","reading":"はじめ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"英国","gloss":"England","reading":"えいこく"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"supposed"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"おり","gloss":"had been"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"急","gloss":"sudden","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"suddenly"},{"text":"変り","gloss":"changed","reading":"かわり"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"こちら","gloss":"here"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"参る","gloss":"come","reading":"まいる"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も","gloss":"but"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"glad"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"think","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"おり","gloss":"have been"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.016","source":"左様で 御ざいますか。 私は 銀座の 松坂屋に おります。 今後とも よろしく お願い いたします。","translation":"Is that right? I am with the Matsuzakaya store in Ginza. I hope you will honor me with your friendship hereafter.","reading":"さようでございますか。わたくしはぎんざのまつざかやにおります。こんごともよろしくおねがいいたします。","words":[{"text":"左様","gloss":"so","reading":"さよう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"御","gloss":"honorable","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"be"},{"text":"い","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"銀座","gloss":"Ginza","reading":"ぎんざ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"松坂","gloss":"Matsuzakaya","reading":"まつざか"},{"text":"屋","gloss":"Matsuzakaya","reading":"や"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"おり","gloss":"work"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"今後","gloss":"from now on","reading":"こんご"},{"text":"とも","gloss":"from now on"},{"text":"よろしく","gloss":"treat me kindly"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"願い","gloss":"request","reading":"ねがい"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.017","source":"「しょうかい」(二)女","translation":"Introduction\" (2) Female","reading":"「しょうかい」(に)おんな","words":[{"text":"「しょうかい」","gloss":"Introduction"},{"text":"(二)","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"女","gloss":"Female","reading":"おんな"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.018","source":"南の 奥さん、 ミラー夫人を 御存じですか。","translation":"Mrs. Minami, do you know Mrs. Miller?","reading":"みなみのおくさん、ミラーふじんをごぞんじですか。","words":[{"text":"南","gloss":"Minami","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん、","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"ミラー","gloss":"Miller"},{"text":"夫人","gloss":"Mrs.","reading":"ふじん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"御","gloss":"honorable","reading":"ご"},{"text":"存じ","gloss":"know","reading":"ぞんじ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"九","gloss":"nine"},{"word":"月","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ばかり","gloss":"about"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"},{"word":"中々","gloss":"considerably, very"},{"word":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"word":"今度","gloss":"this time, next time"},{"word":"英国","gloss":"England"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"(二)","gloss":"two"},{"word":"女","gloss":"female"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Introducing two women · Dialogue 4 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"Gentle assertion at the end","paragraphs":["One woman brings Mrs. Minami to meet Mrs. Miller. *御しょうかい いたしますわ* means \"I'll introduce you to her.\"","The final *わ* adds friendly, gentle assertion in women's speech."]},{"title":"Wonder at the end","paragraphs":["*まあー、 日本語が お上手ですこと* means \"My, how fluent you are in Japanese!\"","Women use sentence-final *こと* after *です* to express wonder."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.019","source":"いいえ、 まだ お目に かかりません。","translation":"No, I haven’t met her yet.","reading":"いいえ、まだおめにかかりません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"目","gloss":"meet","reading":"め"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かかり","gloss":"meet"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.020","source":"では、 一緒に こちらへ いらっしゃい。 御しょうかい いたしますわ。","translation":"Then, please come over here with me. I’ll introduce you to her.","reading":"では、いっしょにこちらへいらっしゃい。ごしょうかいいたしますわ。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"一緒","gloss":"together","reading":"いっしょ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"こちら","gloss":"here"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"いらっしゃい。","gloss":"please come"},{"text":"御","gloss":"honorable","reading":"ご"},{"text":"しょうかい","gloss":"introduction"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"わ。","gloss":"I assure you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.021","source":"お願い いたします。","translation":"Please.","reading":"おねがいいたします。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"願い","gloss":"request","reading":"ねがい"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.021.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.022","source":"ミラーさん、 友人の 南さんを 御しょうかい いたします。","translation":"Mrs. Miller, I’d like to introduce my friend, Mrs. Minami.","reading":"ミラーさん、ゆうじんのみなみさんをごしょうかいいたします。","words":[{"text":"ミラー","gloss":"Miller"},{"text":"さん、","gloss":"Mrs."},{"text":"友人","gloss":"friend","reading":"ゆうじん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"南","gloss":"Minami","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mrs."},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"御","gloss":"honorable","reading":"ご"},{"text":"しょうかい","gloss":"introduction"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.022.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.023","source":"お目に かかれて うれしく 存じます。","translation":"I am glad I am able to meet you.","reading":"おめにかかれてうれしくぞんじます。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"目","gloss":"meet","reading":"め"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かかれ","gloss":"can meet"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"うれしく","gloss":"glad"},{"text":"存じ","gloss":"think","reading":"ぞんじ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.023.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.024","source":"こちらこそ。 まあー、 日本語が お上手ですこと。","translation":"Indeed, it’s I (who is glad to meet you.) My, how fluent you are in Japanese!","reading":"こちらこそ。まあー、にほんごがおじょうずですこと。","words":[{"text":"こちら","gloss":"I"},{"text":"こそ。","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"まあー、","gloss":"my"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"fluent","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"こと。","gloss":"how!"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は、","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"いらっしゃい。","gloss":"please come; please go (See Cult. notes)"},{"word":"わ。","gloss":"counter for birds (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"まあー、","gloss":"Well! I should say"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"上手","gloss":"skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Praising language ability · Dialogue 5 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"Praise and a modest answer","paragraphs":["The women praise each other's language ability and answer the praise modestly.","*ほんの 少ししか 出来ませんので* means \"because I know only a little.\""]},{"title":"A particle left out","paragraphs":["*私、 そう 思いますわ* means \"I really think so.\" The particle *は* is omitted after *私*.","The particles *が*, *は*, and *を* are often omitted in short sentences. This makes the sentence slightly less formal."]}],"lines":[{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.025","source":"いいえ、 おはずかしい 事です。 ほんの 少ししか 出来ませんので。","translation":"No, it’s embarrassing, because I only know just a little.","reading":"いいえ、おはずかしいことです。ほんのすこししかできませんので。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"はずかしい","gloss":"embarrassing"},{"text":"事","gloss":"matter","reading":"こと"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ほんの","gloss":"only"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"しか","gloss":"only"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can do","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.025.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.026","source":"いいえ、 どういたしまして。","translation":"Not at all.","reading":"いいえ、どういたしまして。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"not at all"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"not at all"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"not at all"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"not at all"},{"text":"て。","gloss":"not at all"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.026.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.027","source":"ミラーさんは ほんとに 日本語が お上手ですこと。","translation":"My, how fluent you are in Japanese, Mrs. Miller!","reading":"ミラーさんはほんとににほんごがおじょうずですこと。","words":[{"text":"ミラー","gloss":"Miller"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mrs."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ほんと","gloss":"really"},{"text":"に","gloss":"really"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"fluent","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"こと。","gloss":"how!"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.027.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.028","source":"私たちも 英語は 習ったんですけど。","translation":"We, too, learned English, but ----","reading":"わたくしたちもえいごはならったんですけど。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"we"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"learned","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"けど。","gloss":"but"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.028.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.029","source":"でも、 日本の 方は 皆 英語が お上手ですわ。 私、 そう 思いますわ。","translation":"But the Japanese people are all good in English. I really think so.","reading":"でも、にほんのかたはみなえいごがおじょうずですわ。わたくし、そうおもいますわ。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"方","gloss":"people","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"fluent","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"わ。","gloss":"I assure you"},{"text":"私、","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"わ。","gloss":"I assure you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.029.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.030","source":"英語を 習った ことは 習ったんですけどねえ。 会話は ちっとも ------。","translation":"We learned English all right, but we cannot converse at all.","reading":"えいごをならったことはならったんですけどねえ。かいわはちっとも------。","words":[{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"learned","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"learned","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"けど","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ねえ。","gloss":"you know"},{"text":"会話","gloss":"conversation","reading":"かいわ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ちっとも------。","gloss":"not at all"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.030.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"はずかしい","gloss":"embarrassing; feel awkard, feel ashamed."},{"word":"ほんの","gloss":"trivial, just slight, little"},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"},{"word":"で。","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"けど。","gloss":"abbrev. of KERE DOMO, however"},{"word":"ねえ。","gloss":"dear, look; say, listen"},{"word":"ちっとも------。","gloss":"not even a little (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Learning languages by listening · Dialogue 6 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"Why they cannot converse","paragraphs":["*英語の 会話など 出来るものですか* rejects the idea that they can converse in English.","*本で 習ったんですもの* gives learning from a book as the reason. Final *もの* gives an informal reason or justification."]},{"title":"What someone should do","paragraphs":["A teacher said *もっと 勉強する ものですよ*, which means \"You should study more.\"","*ものですよ* after the basic form of a verb tells the person addressed what they should do."]},{"title":"Kanji: 欲, 遊","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.031","source":"英語の 会話など 出来るものですか。 本で 習ったんですもの。","translation":"We certainly cannot converse in English, because we learned by book, you see.","reading":"えいごのかいわなどできるものですか。ほんでならったんですもの。","words":[{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"会話","gloss":"conversation","reading":"かいわ"},{"text":"など","gloss":"such as"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"can","reading":"できる"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"possible"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"本","gloss":"books","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"learned","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"もの。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.031.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.032","source":"外国語は 耳から 習わなくては 話せませんわ。","translation":"You cannot talk foreign languages unless you learn them through ears.","reading":"がいこくごはみみからならわなくてははなせませんわ。","words":[{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"語","gloss":"language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"ears","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"習わ","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならわ"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"話せ","gloss":"can speak","reading":"はなせ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"わ。","gloss":"I assure you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.032.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.033","source":"左様で 御ざいましょうね。 学校に 居たころ、 先生に 「もっと 勉強する ものですよ」と しかられたものです。 でも、 そのころは 欲が なかったのですから、 遊ぶ 方が よかったのですよ。","translation":"I suppose so. While we were still going to school, our teacher used to scold us saying, \"You should study more.\" But during those days, we had no desire, so we rather played.","reading":"さようでございましょうね。がっこうにいたころ、せんせいに「もっとべんきょうするものですよ」としかられたものです。でも、そのころはよくがなかったのですから、あそぶほうがよかったのですよ。","words":[{"text":"左様","gloss":"so","reading":"さよう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"御","gloss":"honorable","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざい","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ましょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"居","gloss":"was","reading":"い"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ころ、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"「もっと","gloss":"more"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"should"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ」","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"しから","gloss":"scolded"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"scolded"},{"text":"た","gloss":"scolded"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"used to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"その","gloss":"those"},{"text":"ころ","gloss":"days"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"欲","gloss":"desire","reading":"よく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"had none"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"遊ぶ","gloss":"play","reading":"あそぶ"},{"text":"方","gloss":"choice","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"better"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.033.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L065.dlg.034","source":"おたがい 様ですわ。","translation":"So am I. (The feeling is mutual).","reading":"おたがいさまですわ。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"たがい","gloss":"mutual"},{"text":"様","gloss":"same","reading":"さま"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"わ。","gloss":"I assure you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.dlg.034.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"出来る","gloss":"to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"},{"word":"本","gloss":"numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)"},{"word":"ましょう","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"「もっと","gloss":"more (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"欲","gloss":"desire, wish (n)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Gladness about past choices · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"Gladness after an action","paragraphs":["*早く 来てよかったと 思っています* means \"I am glad I came early.\" The TE-form *来て* is followed by *よかった*.","A verb's affirmative or negative TE-form followed by *よかった* expresses gladness about the action or its result."]},{"title":"The thought may be stated","paragraphs":["*早く 医者に かかって よかったのです* means \"I am glad I consulted my doctor early.\"","*と 思っています* may follow *よかった* to state the thought. It may also be omitted without changing the idea of gladness."]}],"lines":[{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L065.gp1.01","source":"早く 来てよかったと 思っています。","translation":"I am glad I came early.","reading":"はやくきてよかったとおもっています。","words":[{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"glad"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"am thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am thinking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L065.gp1.02","source":"今晩は 早く 来て よかったね。","translation":"I am glad we came early tonight, don’t you think?","reading":"こんばんははやくきてよかったね。","words":[{"text":"今晩は","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばんは"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"glad"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L065.gp1.03","source":"そうですよ。 もう 少し おそかったら、 こしかける ところが なかったかも 知れませんよ。","translation":"I certainly am. If we had come a little later, we might not have been able to find a place to sit.","reading":"そうですよ。もうすこしおそかったら、こしかけるところがなかったかもしれませんよ。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"another"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"おそかっ","gloss":"late"},{"text":"たら、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"こしかける","gloss":"sit"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"place"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"was none"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か","gloss":"might"},{"text":"も","gloss":"might"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"know","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L065.gp1.04","source":"雨が よく 降り出しましたね。","translation":"It certainly has started to rain hard, hasn’t it?","reading":"あめがよくふりだしましたね。","words":[{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"hard"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"started raining","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"出し","gloss":"started raining","reading":"だし"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L065.gp1.05","source":"ええ、 私も レーンコートを 持って来て よかったと 思っています。","translation":"Yes. I, too, am glad that I brought a raincoat.","reading":"ええ、わたくしもレーンコートをもってきてよかったとおもっています。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"レーンコート","gloss":"raincoat"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"brought","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"brought"},{"text":"来","gloss":"brought","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"brought"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"glad"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"am thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am thinking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L065.gp1.06","source":"今日は いい 天気に なって よかったですね。","translation":"I am glad it became nice weather today, aren’t you?","reading":"きょうはいいてんきになってよかったですね。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"glad"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L065.gp1.07","source":"ええ、 ほんとに。 けさの 天気では、 今日は 雨が 降ると 思っていたが、 いい 天気に なりましたね。","translation":"Yes, I sure am. According to the weather this morning, I thought it would rain today, but it surely turned out to be nice weather.","reading":"ええ、ほんとに。けさのてんきでは、きょうはあめがふるとおもっていたが、いいてんきになりましたね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ほんと","gloss":"really"},{"text":"に。","gloss":"really"},{"text":"けさ","gloss":"this morning"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"で","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"rain","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"thought","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"thought"},{"text":"い","gloss":"thought"},{"text":"た","gloss":"thought"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"became"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L065.gp1.08","source":"早く 病気が よくなって よかったですね。","translation":"I am glad you got over your illness so quickly.","reading":"はやくびょうきがよくなってよかったですね。","words":[{"text":"早く","gloss":"quickly","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"got better"},{"text":"て","gloss":"got better"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"am glad"},{"text":"た","gloss":"am glad"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L065.gp1.09","source":"ええ、 早く 医者に かかって よかったのです。 もう 少し 待っていたら、 この 病気は なおらなかったかも 知れないのです。","translation":"Yes, I am glad I consulted my doctor early. If I had waited a little longer, I might not have recovered from this illness.","reading":"ええ、はやくいしゃにかかってよかったのです。もうすこしまっていたら、このびょうきはなおらなかったかもしれないのです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"医者","gloss":"doctor","reading":"いしゃ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かかっ","gloss":"consulted"},{"text":"て","gloss":"consulted"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"am glad"},{"text":"た","gloss":"am glad"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"longer"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"待っ","gloss":"waited","reading":"まっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"waited"},{"text":"い","gloss":"waited"},{"text":"たら、","gloss":"if waited"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なおら","gloss":"recover"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か","gloss":"perhaps"},{"text":"も","gloss":"perhaps"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"might","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L065.gp1.10","source":"あなたは 昨晩の 日本映画を 見に 行きましたか。","translation":"Did you go to see the Japanese movie last night?","reading":"あなたはさくばんのにほんえいがをみにいきましたか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"昨晩","gloss":"last night","reading":"さくばん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"went","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"went"},{"text":"た","gloss":"went"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L065.gp1.11","source":"ええ、 行きました。 始めは 行かない つもりでしたが、 行って よかったと 思っています。 とても いい 映画でしたよ。","translation":"Yes, I did. At first I had no intention of going, but I was glad I went. It was a very nice movie.","reading":"ええ、いきました。はじめはいかないつもりでしたが、いってよかったとおもっています。とてもいいえいがでしたよ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"went","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"went"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"went"},{"text":"始め","gloss":"at first","reading":"はじめ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intention"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"went","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"went"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"was glad"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was glad"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"am thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.gp1.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ところ","gloss":"place (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"天気","gloss":"weather"},{"word":"降る","gloss":"to fall (rain) (v.i.)"},{"word":"医者","gloss":"medical doctor"},{"word":"映画","gloss":"movie"},{"word":"とても","gloss":"very, indeed"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Emphatic disbelief with reasons · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"A question with a strong negative answer","paragraphs":["*読めるものですか* means \"Absolutely not.\" The speaker asks whether reading is possible and answers with a strong negative.","*ものですか* follows the basic form of a verb. *もんですか* has the same emphatic negative meaning."]},{"title":"The reason supports the rejection","paragraphs":["*あの人が やめるもんですか* means \"He certainly would not quit.\"","*ただ そう 言う だけですよ* then gives the reason: \"He only says so.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L065.gp2.01","source":"あの人に それが わかるものですか(もんですか)。","translation":"He would not understand it.","reading":"あのひとにそれがわかるものですか(もんですか)。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"it"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"わかる","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"really"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"(もん","gloss":"really"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か)。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.gp2.01.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L065.gp2.02","source":"あなたは 日本語の 新聞が 読めますか。","translation":"Can you read a Japanese newspaper?","reading":"あなたはにほんごのしんぶんがよめますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読め","gloss":"can read","reading":"よめ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.gp2.02.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L065.gp2.03","source":"読めるものですか。 一年しか 日本語を 勉強していないんですから。","translation":"Absolutely not, since I only studied Japanese for one year.","reading":"よめるものですか。いちねんしかにほんごをべんきょうしていないんですから。","words":[{"text":"読める","gloss":"can read","reading":"よめる"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"really"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"しか","gloss":"only"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"have not studied"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have not studied"},{"text":"い","gloss":"have not studied"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"have not studied"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.gp2.03.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L065.gp2.04","source":"パーカーさんは さかなを 食べるでしょうか。","translation":"Do you suppose Mr. Parker eats fish?","reading":"パーカーさんはさかなをたべるでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eats","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.gp2.04.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L065.gp2.05","source":"食べるものですか。 さかなは きらいだから。","translation":"He would not eat it, since he doesn’t like fish.","reading":"たべるものですか。さかなはきらいだから。","words":[{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"really"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きらい","gloss":"dislikes"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.gp2.05.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L065.gp2.06","source":"スミスさんは もう 日本に 着いたでしょうか。","translation":"Do you suppose Mr. Smith arrived in Japan already?","reading":"スミスさんはもうにほんについたでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"着い","gloss":"arrived","reading":"つい"},{"text":"た","gloss":"arrived"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.gp2.06.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L065.gp2.07","source":"着くものですか。 サンフランシスコを 出て まだ 八時間しか たたないんですから。","translation":"Definitely not, since it has been only 8 hours since he left San Francisco.","reading":"つくものですか。サンフランシスコをでてまだはちじかんしかたたないんですから。","words":[{"text":"着く","gloss":"arrive","reading":"つく"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"really"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"text":"を","gloss":"from"},{"text":"出","gloss":"left","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"left"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"八","gloss":"eight","reading":"はち"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"しか","gloss":"only"},{"text":"たた","gloss":"elapsed"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.gp2.07.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L065.gp2.08","source":"この 仕事が 四時までに すませますか。","translation":"Can you complete this work by 4 o’clock?","reading":"このしごとがよじまでにすませますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"object"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four","reading":"よ"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"by"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"すま","gloss":"complete"},{"text":"せ","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.gp2.08.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L065.gp2.09","source":"すませるものですか、 まだ これだけ のこっているんですから。","translation":"I certainly cannot, since this much work is still left to be done.","reading":"すませるものですか、まだこれだけのこっているんですから。","words":[{"text":"すま","gloss":"finish"},{"text":"せる","gloss":"can"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"really"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"question"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"much"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"こっ","gloss":"remains"},{"text":"て","gloss":"remains"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"remains"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.gp2.09.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L065.gp2.10","source":"田中さんは たばこを やめると 言って いましたが、 ほんとに やめるのでしょうか。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka was saying that he will quit smoking, but do you think he really will quit?","reading":"たなかさんはたばこをやめるといっていましたが、ほんとにやめるのでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"たばこ","gloss":"smoking"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やめる","gloss":"quit"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"was saying","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was saying"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was saying"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was saying"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was saying"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ほんと","gloss":"really"},{"text":"に","gloss":"really"},{"text":"やめる","gloss":"quit"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.gp2.10.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L065.gp2.11","source":"あの人が やめるもんですか。 ただ そう 言う だけですよ。","translation":"He certainly would not quit. He only says so.","reading":"あのひとがやめるもんですか。ただそういうだけですよ。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"やめる","gloss":"quit"},{"text":"もん","gloss":"really"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ただ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"says","reading":"いう"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.gp2.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"から。","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"さかな","gloss":"fish"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"きらい","gloss":"dislike (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"word":"八","gloss":"eight"},{"word":"時間","gloss":"hour, time"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"だけ","gloss":"only, just (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"たばこ","gloss":"tobacco, cigarette"},{"word":"やめる","gloss":"to quit"},{"word":"ただ","gloss":"merely"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Gladness about helpful actions · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Gladness about a helpful action","paragraphs":["*あなたに 手つだって もらって よかったと 思っています* means \"I am glad you helped me.\"","The *て よかった* pattern states that the help was a welcome past action."]},{"title":"Gladness about a changed condition","paragraphs":["*晴れて よかったですね* means \"I am glad it cleared up.\"","The same pattern covers a condition that changed favorably, as well as an action someone took."]}],"lines":[{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt1.m1","source":"昨晩 勉強してよかったと 思っています。","translation":"I am glad I studied last night.","reading":"さくばんべんきょうしてよかったとおもっています。","words":[{"text":"昨晩","gloss":"last night","reading":"さくばん"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"studied"},{"text":"て","gloss":"studied"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"am glad"},{"text":"た","gloss":"am glad"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"am thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am thinking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt1.01","source":"あなたに 手つだって もらって よかったと 思っています。","translation":"I am glad you helped me.","reading":"あなたにてつだってもらってよかったとおもっています。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"に","gloss":"from"},{"text":"手つだっ","gloss":"helped","reading":"てつだっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"helped"},{"text":"もらっ","gloss":"received help"},{"text":"て","gloss":"received help"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"am glad"},{"text":"た","gloss":"am glad"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"am thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am thinking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt1.02","source":"早く 医者に かかって よかったと 思います。","translation":"I think it was good that I saw a doctor early.","reading":"はやくいしゃにかかってよかったとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"医者","gloss":"doctor","reading":"いしゃ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かかっ","gloss":"consulted"},{"text":"て","gloss":"consulted"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"was good"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was good"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt1.03","source":"かん字を 習っておいて よかったと 思います。","translation":"I am glad I learned the kanji beforehand.","reading":"かんじをならっておいてよかったとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"learned beforehand","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"learned beforehand"},{"text":"おい","gloss":"learned beforehand"},{"text":"て","gloss":"learned beforehand"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"am glad"},{"text":"た","gloss":"am glad"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt1.04","source":"今日 レーンコートを 持って来て よかったと 思っています。","translation":"I am glad I brought a raincoat today.","reading":"きょうレーンコートをもってきてよかったとおもっています。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"レーンコート","gloss":"raincoat"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"brought","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"brought"},{"text":"来","gloss":"brought","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"brought"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"am glad"},{"text":"た","gloss":"am glad"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"am thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am thinking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt1.05","source":"今晩 早く 帰って よかったね。","translation":"It was good that you came home early tonight, wasn’t it?","reading":"こんばんはやくかえってよかったね。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"came home","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"came home"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"was good"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was good"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt1.06","source":"今日は 雨かも 知れないと 思ったが、 晴れて よかったですね。","translation":"I thought it might rain today, but I am glad it cleared up.","reading":"きょうはあめかもしれないとおもったが、はれてよかったですね。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"か","gloss":"perhaps"},{"text":"も","gloss":"perhaps"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"might","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"thought","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"thought"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"晴れ","gloss":"cleared up","reading":"はれ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"cleared up"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"am glad"},{"text":"た","gloss":"am glad"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt1.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"おい","gloss":"nephew"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Gladness about favorable results · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Gladness that something did not happen","paragraphs":["*今日は 雨が 降らなくて よかったですね* means \"It is good that it did not rain today.\"","The negative TE-form *降らなくて* places the avoided outcome before *よかった*."]},{"title":"Gladness about a quality","paragraphs":["*今日の 試験は やさしくて よかったですね* means \"It is good that today's test was easy.\"","An I-adjective changes its final *い* to *くて* before *よかった*."]}],"lines":[{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt1.07","source":"私は ちょ金しておいて よかったと 思っています。","translation":"I am glad I saved some money.","reading":"わたくしはちょきんしておいてよかったとおもっています。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ちょ","gloss":"saved money"},{"text":"金","gloss":"saved money","reading":"きん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"saved beforehand"},{"text":"て","gloss":"saved beforehand"},{"text":"おい","gloss":"saved beforehand"},{"text":"て","gloss":"saved beforehand"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"am glad"},{"text":"た","gloss":"am glad"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"am thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"am thinking"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"am thinking"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt1.08","source":"今日は 雨が 降らなくて よかったですね。","translation":"It is good that it did not rain today, isn’t it?","reading":"きょうはあめがふらなくてよかったですね。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降ら","gloss":"did not rain","reading":"ふら"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"did not rain"},{"text":"て","gloss":"did not rain"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"is good"},{"text":"た","gloss":"is good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt1.09","source":"今日は あつくなくて よかったですね。","translation":"It is good that it is not hot today, isn’t it?","reading":"きょうはあつくなくてよかったですね。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あつく","gloss":"not hot"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not hot"},{"text":"て","gloss":"not hot"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"is good"},{"text":"た","gloss":"is good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt1.10","source":"今日の 試験は やさしくて よかったですね。","translation":"It is good that today’s test was easy, isn’t it?","reading":"きょうのしけんはやさしくてよかったですね。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"試験","gloss":"test","reading":"しけん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やさしく","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"て","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"is good"},{"text":"た","gloss":"is good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt1.11","source":"あなたは 日本語を 勉強して よかったと 思いませんか。","translation":"Don’t you think it was good that you studied Japanese?","reading":"あなたはにほんごをべんきょうしてよかったとおもいませんか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"studied"},{"text":"て","gloss":"studied"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"was good"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was good"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt1.12","source":"ええ、 ほんとに そう 思いますよ。 今の 私の 仕事には 日本語が ひじょうに 大切なんです。","translation":"Yes, I really do think so. Japanese is extremely important in my present job.","reading":"ええ、ほんとにそうおもいますよ。いまのわたくしのしごとにはにほんごがひじょうにたいせつなんです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ほんと","gloss":"really"},{"text":"に","gloss":"really"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"今","gloss":"present","reading":"いま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"私","gloss":"my","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"job","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ひじょう","gloss":"extremely"},{"text":"に","gloss":"extremely"},{"text":"大切","gloss":"important","reading":"たいせつ"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt1.13","source":"田中さん、 この間は いい 物を ありがとう 御ざいました。 家内は とても 気に 入ったらしいです。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka, thank you for the nice gift the other day. My wife seems to have liked it very much.","reading":"たなかさん、このあいだはいいものをありがとうございました。かないはとてもきにいったらしいです。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん、","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"この","gloss":"the other day"},{"text":"間","gloss":"the other day"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"物","gloss":"gift","reading":"もの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ありがとう","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"御","gloss":"thank you","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"い","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"家内","gloss":"my wife","reading":"かない"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"気","gloss":"liked it","reading":"き"},{"text":"に","gloss":"liked it"},{"text":"入っ","gloss":"liked it","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"liked it"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt1.13.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Relief about uncertain outcomes · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Relief after worry","paragraphs":["*気に 入って よかったですね* means \"I am glad she liked it.\" The speaker had worried whether she would like the gift.","Here *て よかった* expresses relief after an uncertain result became clear."]},{"title":"Relief about a less serious result","paragraphs":["*あまり 悪くなくて よかったですね* means \"I am glad it was not too serious.\"","The negative form before *よかった* expresses relief that the illness was not too serious."]}],"lines":[{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt1.14","source":"気に 入って よかったですね。 実は、 気に 入るか どうか、 ちょっと 心配していたんです。","translation":"I am glad she liked it. To tell the truth, I was a little worried about whether she would like it.","reading":"きにいってよかったですね。じつは、きにいるかどうか、ちょっとしんぱいしていたんです。","words":[{"text":"気","gloss":"liked it","reading":"き"},{"text":"に","gloss":"liked it"},{"text":"入っ","gloss":"liked it","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"liked it"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"am glad"},{"text":"た","gloss":"am glad"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"実","gloss":"the truth","reading":"じつ"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"気","gloss":"like it","reading":"き"},{"text":"に","gloss":"like it"},{"text":"入る","gloss":"like it","reading":"いる"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"ちょっと","gloss":"a little"},{"text":"心配","gloss":"worried","reading":"しんぱい"},{"text":"し","gloss":"was worried"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was worried"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was worried"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was worried"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt1.15","source":"奥さんが 御病気で 入院されたそうですが、 あまり 悪くなくて よかったですね。","translation":"I hear your wife was hospitalized because she was ill, but I am glad it was not too serious.","reading":"おくさんがごびょうきでにゅういんされたそうですが、あまりわるくなくてよかったですね。","words":[{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"御","gloss":"illness","reading":"ご"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"で","gloss":"because of"},{"text":"入院","gloss":"was hospitalized","reading":"にゅういん"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"was hospitalized"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was hospitalized"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was hospitalized"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"too"},{"text":"悪く","gloss":"serious","reading":"わるく"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"not"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"am glad"},{"text":"た","gloss":"am glad"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt1.15.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt1.16","source":"ええ、 おかげさまで。 二三日 あとで 家へ 帰れる そうです。","translation":"Yes, thank you. They say she will be able to come home in two or three days.","reading":"ええ、おかげさまで。にさんにちあとでいえへかえれるそうです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"おかげ","gloss":"thanks to you"},{"text":"さま","gloss":"thanks to you"},{"text":"で。","gloss":"thanks to you"},{"text":"二三","gloss":"two or three","reading":"にさん"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days","reading":"にち"},{"text":"あと","gloss":"later"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"帰れる","gloss":"can return home","reading":"かえれる"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt1.17","source":"早く 一けん かりることが 出来て よかったですね。","translation":"It is good that you were able to rent a house so quickly.","reading":"はやくいっけんかりることができてよかったですね。","words":[{"text":"早く","gloss":"quickly","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"けん","gloss":"house"},{"text":"かりる","gloss":"rent"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"could","reading":"でき"},{"text":"て","gloss":"could"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"is good"},{"text":"た","gloss":"is good"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt1.17.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt1.18","source":"ええ、 中々 よい 家が ありませんでしたので、 ちょっと 困っていましたが、 ---","translation":"Yes, there were hardly any good houses, so I was having a little trouble, but—","reading":"ええ、なかなかよいいえがありませんでしたので、ちょっとこまっていましたが、---","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"中々","gloss":"hardly","reading":"なかなか"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"家","gloss":"houses","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there were not"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"there were not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"there were not"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"there were not"},{"text":"た","gloss":"there were not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ちょっと","gloss":"a little"},{"text":"困っ","gloss":"had trouble","reading":"こまっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"had trouble"},{"text":"い","gloss":"had trouble"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"had trouble"},{"text":"た","gloss":"had trouble"},{"text":"が、---","gloss":"but"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt1.19","source":"けさ 曇っていたので 雨かも 知れないと 思っておりましたが、 晴れて よかったですね。","translation":"It was cloudy this morning, so I thought it might rain, but I am glad it cleared up.","reading":"けさくもっていたのであめかもしれないとおもっておりましたが、はれてよかったですね。","words":[{"text":"けさ","gloss":"this morning"},{"text":"曇っ","gloss":"was cloudy","reading":"くもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was cloudy"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was cloudy"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was cloudy"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で","gloss":"because"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"か","gloss":"perhaps"},{"text":"も","gloss":"perhaps"},{"text":"知れ","gloss":"might","reading":"しれ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"thought","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"thought"},{"text":"おり","gloss":"thought"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"thought"},{"text":"た","gloss":"thought"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"晴れ","gloss":"cleared up","reading":"はれ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"cleared up"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"am glad"},{"text":"た","gloss":"am glad"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt1.20","source":"ほんとに。 雨が 降ったら 困るんでしたが---。","translation":"Indeed. It would have been a problem if it had rained, but—","reading":"ほんとに。あめがふったらこまるんでしたが---。","words":[{"text":"ほんと","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"に。","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降っ","gloss":"had rained","reading":"ふっ"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"if"},{"text":"困る","gloss":"would be trouble","reading":"こまる"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was"},{"text":"が---。","gloss":"but"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt1.20.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ちょっと","gloss":"a little"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"帰れる","gloss":"to be able to go home"},{"word":"けん","gloss":"numerical counter for houses (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"かりる","gloss":"to borrow, rent"},{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Rhetorical doubts about possibility · Pattern 2 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A question that means no","paragraphs":["*あの人が そんな事を 言うものですか* means \"Do you really think that person would say such a thing?\"","The *ものですか* question supplies its own emphatic negative answer."]},{"title":"The contracted form","paragraphs":["*こんなに 沢山 食べられるもんですか* means \"Do you really think I can eat this much?\"","*もんですか* is the contracted form of *ものですか* and carries the same strong rejection."]}],"lines":[{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt2.m1","source":"あの人に この日本語が わかるものですか(もんですか)。","translation":"Do you really think that person can understand this Japanese?","reading":"あのひとにこのにほんごがわかるものですか(もんですか)。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"object"},{"text":"わかる","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"really"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"(もん","gloss":"really"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か)。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt2.01","source":"あの人が そんな事を 言うものですか。","translation":"Do you really think that person would say such a thing?","reading":"あのひとがそんなことをいうものですか。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"そんな","gloss":"such"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"really"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt2.02","source":"二月に さくらの 花が さくものですか。","translation":"Do cherry blossoms really bloom in February?","reading":"にがつにさくらのはながさくものですか。","words":[{"text":"二","gloss":"February","reading":"に"},{"text":"月","gloss":"February","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"さくら","gloss":"cherry"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"花","gloss":"blossoms","reading":"はな"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"さく","gloss":"bloom"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"really"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt2.03","source":"あの人が そんな事を 知っているものですか。","translation":"Do you really think that person knows such a thing?","reading":"あのひとがそんなことをしっているものですか。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"そんな","gloss":"such"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"知っ","gloss":"knows","reading":"しっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"knows"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"knows"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"really"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt2.04","source":"あの生徒が 試験に 通るものですか。","translation":"Do you really think that student will pass the examination?","reading":"あのせいとがしけんにとおるものですか。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"試験","gloss":"exam","reading":"しけん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"通る","gloss":"pass","reading":"とおる"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"really"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt2.05","source":"あの病気が そんなに 早く なおるものですか。","translation":"Can that illness really be cured so quickly?","reading":"あのびょうきがそんなにはやくなおるものですか。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"そんな","gloss":"so"},{"text":"に","gloss":"so"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"quickly","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"なおる","gloss":"be cured"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"really"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt2.05.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt2.06","source":"こんなに 沢山 食べられるもんですか。","translation":"Do you really think I can eat this much?","reading":"こんなにたくさんたべられるもんですか。","words":[{"text":"こんな","gloss":"this"},{"text":"に","gloss":"this"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"much","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"can eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"られる","gloss":"can eat"},{"text":"もん","gloss":"really"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt2.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"さくら","gloss":"cherry (flower)"},{"word":"さく","gloss":"to bloom (v.i.)"},{"word":"通る","gloss":"to pass"},{"word":"なおる","gloss":"to get well, to be repaired"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Rejecting unlikely possibilities · Pattern 2 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"An unlikely ability","paragraphs":["*田中さんに こんな仕事が 出来るもんですか* means \"Do you really think Mr. Tanaka can do this kind of work?\"","The contracted *もんですか* strongly rejects the stated ability."]},{"title":"An unlikely time estimate","paragraphs":["*二時間で 行けるものですか* rejects a two-hour travel estimate.","*百二十五マイルも あるのですよ* supplies the reason for rejecting that estimate."]}],"lines":[{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt2.07","source":"田中さんに こんな仕事が 出来るもんですか。","translation":"Do you really think Mr. Tanaka can do this kind of work?","reading":"たなかさんにこんなしごとができるもんですか。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"こんな","gloss":"this kind of"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"can do","reading":"できる"},{"text":"もん","gloss":"really"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt2.07.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt2.08","source":"こんな物を あの人に 見せられるもんですか。","translation":"Do you really think I can show something like this to that person?","reading":"こんなものをあのひとにみせられるもんですか。","words":[{"text":"こんな","gloss":"this kind of"},{"text":"物","gloss":"thing","reading":"もの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"見せ","gloss":"can show","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"られる","gloss":"can show"},{"text":"もん","gloss":"really"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt2.09","source":"山本さんが さけを やめるもんですか。","translation":"Do you really think Mr. Yamamoto will give up drinking?","reading":"やまもとさんがさけをやめるもんですか。","words":[{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"さけ","gloss":"drinking"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やめる","gloss":"quit"},{"text":"もん","gloss":"really"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt2.10","source":"スミスさんの 家へ 歩いて 行けるもんですか。","translation":"Do you really think we can walk to Mr. Smith’s house?","reading":"スミスさんのいえへあるいていけるもんですか。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"歩い","gloss":"walk","reading":"あるい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"walk"},{"text":"行ける","gloss":"can go","reading":"いける"},{"text":"もん","gloss":"really"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt2.11","source":"モンテレーから サンフランシスコへ 二時間で 行けるでしょうか。","translation":"Can we get from Monterey to San Francisco in two hours?","reading":"モンテレーからサンフランシスコへにじかんでいけるでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"サンフランシスコ","gloss":"San Francisco"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"行ける","gloss":"can get","reading":"いける"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt2.11.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt2.12","source":"二時間で 行けるものですか。 百二十五マイルも あるのですよ。","translation":"Can we really get there in two hours? It is as much as 125 miles.","reading":"にじかんでいけるものですか。ひゃくにじゅうごマイルもあるのですよ。","words":[{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"hours","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"行ける","gloss":"can get there","reading":"いける"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"really"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"百","gloss":"one hundred","reading":"ひゃく"},{"text":"二十","gloss":"twenty","reading":"にじゅう"},{"text":"五","gloss":"five","reading":"ご"},{"text":"マイル","gloss":"miles"},{"text":"も","gloss":"as many as"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt2.12.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt2.13","source":"ここから ニューヨークまで こうくうびんで 二日ぐらい かかりますか。","translation":"Does airmail take about two days from here to New York?","reading":"ここからニューヨークまでこうくうびんでふつかぐらいかかりますか。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"ニューヨーク","gloss":"New York"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"to"},{"text":"こうくう","gloss":"airmail"},{"text":"びん","gloss":"airmail"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two days"},{"text":"日","gloss":"two days"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"かかり","gloss":"take"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt2.13.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"word":"百","gloss":"100"},{"word":"二十","gloss":"20"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"マイル","gloss":"mile"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"word":"ニューヨーク","gloss":"New York"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Rejecting predictions and expectations · Pattern 2 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Evidence against a prediction","paragraphs":["*読めるものですか* means \"Do you really think he can read it?\"","*かん字が あまり 多すぎますよ* gives the contrary evidence: \"There are far too many kanji.\""]},{"title":"A later return","paragraphs":["*そんなに 早く 帰るもんですか* means \"Do you really think he will be back so soon?\"","The expected return at the end of next week contradicts the earlier prediction."]}],"lines":[{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt2.14","source":"そんなに かかるものですか。 一日で 行きますよ。","translation":"Does it really take that long? It gets there in one day.","reading":"そんなにかかるものですか。いちにちでいきますよ。","words":[{"text":"そんな","gloss":"that"},{"text":"に","gloss":"much"},{"text":"かかる","gloss":"take"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"really"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"一日","gloss":"one day","reading":"いちにち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"get there","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt2.14.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt2.15","source":"パーカーさんに これが 読めるでしょうか。","translation":"Do you think Mr. Parker can read this?","reading":"パーカーさんにこれがよめるでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Mr. Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr. Parker"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"読める","gloss":"can read","reading":"よめる"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt2.15.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt2.16","source":"読めるものですか。 かん字が あまり 多すぎますよ。","translation":"Do you really think he can read it? There are far too many kanji.","reading":"よめるものですか。かんじがあまりおおすぎますよ。","words":[{"text":"読める","gloss":"can read","reading":"よめる"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"really"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"far too"},{"text":"多","gloss":"too many","reading":"おお"},{"text":"すぎ","gloss":"too many"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt2.16.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt2.17","source":"明日ごろ この雨が やむでしょうか。","translation":"Do you think this rain will stop by about tomorrow?","reading":"あしたごろこのあめがやむでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"ごろ","gloss":"around"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"やむ","gloss":"stop"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt2.17.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt2.18","source":"やむものですか。 ラジオに よると もう 一週間ぐらい 降るそうですから。","translation":"Do you really think it will stop? According to the radio, it is supposed to rain for about another week.","reading":"やむものですか。ラジオによるともういっしゅうかんぐらいふるそうですから。","words":[{"text":"やむ","gloss":"stop"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"really"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ラジオ","gloss":"radio"},{"text":"に","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"と","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"another"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one week","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"週間","gloss":"one week","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"rain","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"supposed to"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt2.18.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt2.19","source":"田中さんは 明日ごろ 帰って 来るんでしょう。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka will be back around tomorrow, won’t he?","reading":"たなかさんはあしたごろかえってくるんでしょう。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Mr. Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr. Tanaka"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"ごろ","gloss":"around"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"come back","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"come back"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"come back","reading":"くる"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably, right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt2.19.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L065.pt2.20","source":"そんなに 早く 帰るもんですか。 来週の 終りごろ 帰るはずです。","translation":"Do you really think he will be back so soon? He is supposed to return around the end of next week.","reading":"そんなにはやくかえるもんですか。らいしゅうのおわりごろかえるはずです。","words":[{"text":"そんな","gloss":"that"},{"text":"に","gloss":"soon"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"soon","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"帰る","gloss":"come back","reading":"かえる"},{"text":"もん","gloss":"really"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"来週","gloss":"next week","reading":"らいしゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"終りごろ","gloss":"around the end","reading":"おわりごろ"},{"text":"帰る","gloss":"return","reading":"かえる"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"supposed to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.pt2.20.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"かかる","gloss":"to consult, to contract, to be attacked by"},{"word":"一日","gloss":"first day of the month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"すぎ","gloss":"past, after"},{"word":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"word":"ラジオ","gloss":"radio"},{"word":"来週","gloss":"next week"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Greetings, work and first visits · Reading Selection 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"An introduction and formal greetings","paragraphs":["*ミラーさんは南さんにしょうかいされました* means \"Mr. Miller was introduced to Mr. Minami.\"","The men exchange *初めてお目にかかります* and *どうぞ、よろしく*, then talk about various things."]},{"title":"Work and a first visit","paragraphs":["*南さんは銀座の松坂屋につとめておられます* says that Mr. Minami works at the Matsuzakaya department store in Ginza.","The passage also says that this is Mr. Miller's first time in Japan."]}],"lines":[{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L065.rd.001","source":"ミラーさんは南さんにしょうかいされました。","translation":"Mr. Miller was introduced to Mr. Minami.","reading":"ミラーさんはみなみさんにしょうかいされました。","words":[{"text":"ミラー","gloss":"Mr. Miller"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr. Miller"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"南","gloss":"Mr. Minami","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr. Minami"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"しょうかい","gloss":"was introduced"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"was introduced"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was introduced"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was introduced"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was introduced"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L065.rd.002","source":"二人は「初めてお目にかかります。","translation":"The two said, “How do you do?","reading":"ふたりは「はじめておめにかかります。","words":[{"text":"二人","gloss":"the two","reading":"ふたり"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"「初めて","gloss":"first time","reading":"はじめて"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorific"},{"text":"目","gloss":"meet you","reading":"め"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かかり","gloss":"meet you"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L065.rd.003","source":"どうぞ、よろしく。","translation":"Pleased to meet you.”","reading":"どうぞ、よろしく。","words":[{"text":"どうぞ、","gloss":"please"},{"text":"よろしく。","gloss":"pleased to meet you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L065.rd.004","source":"」とあいさつして、そのあとで色々と話し合いました。","translation":"After exchanging greetings, they talked about various things.","reading":"」とあいさつして、そのあとでいろいろとはなしあいました。","words":[{"text":"」","gloss":"closing quote"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"あいさつ","gloss":"greet"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"あと","gloss":"after"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"色々","gloss":"various things","reading":"いろいろ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"about"},{"text":"話し合い","gloss":"talk together","reading":"はなしあい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"talked"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L065.rd.005","source":"南さんは銀座の松坂屋につとめておられます。","translation":"Mr. Minami works at the Matsuzakaya department store in Ginza.","reading":"みなみさんはぎんざのまつざかやにつとめておられます。","words":[{"text":"南","gloss":"Mr. Minami","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr. Minami"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"銀座","gloss":"Ginza","reading":"ぎんざ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"松坂","gloss":"Matsuzakaya store","reading":"まつざか"},{"text":"屋","gloss":"Matsuzakaya store","reading":"や"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"つとめ","gloss":"work"},{"text":"て","gloss":"work"},{"text":"おら","gloss":"work"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"work"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L065.rd.006","source":"ミラーさんは日本は今度が初めてです。","translation":"This is Mr. Miller’s first time in Japan.","reading":"ミラーさんはにほんはこんどがはじめてです。","words":[{"text":"ミラー","gloss":"Mr. Miller"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr. Miller"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"as for"},{"text":"今度","gloss":"this time","reading":"こんど"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"初めて","gloss":"first time","reading":"はじめて"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.rd.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"二人","gloss":"2 people"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Introductions and language ability · Reading Selection 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"England changed to Japan","paragraphs":["*今度も始めは英国へ行くようになっていたのが急に日本へ来るようになったのだそうです* says the original plan changed from England to Japan.","Mr. Miller now works at the American Embassy."]},{"title":"An introduction between two women","paragraphs":["Mrs. Minami asks Mrs. Nishimura to introduce her to Mrs. Miller.","*ミラー夫人が日本語が上手なので、南夫人もおどろいておられました* says Mrs. Minami was surprised by Mrs. Miller's skill in Japanese."]}],"lines":[{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L065.rd.007","source":"今度も始めは英国へ行くようになっていたのが急に日本へ来るようになったのだそうです。","translation":"It seems that he was originally supposed to go to England this time, but the plans suddenly changed and he came to Japan.","reading":"こんどもはじめはえいこくへいくようになっていたのがきゅうににほんへくるようになったのだそうです。","words":[{"text":"今度","gloss":"this time","reading":"こんど"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"始め","gloss":"originally","reading":"はじめ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"英国","gloss":"England","reading":"えいこく"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"supposed to"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"was arranged"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was arranged"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was arranged"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"が","gloss":"but"},{"text":"急","gloss":"suddenly","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"suddenly"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"come","reading":"くる"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"ended up"},{"text":"に","gloss":"ended up"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"ended up"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L065.rd.008","source":"そして今米国大使館につとめておられます。","translation":"He now works at the American Embassy.","reading":"そしていまべいこくたいしかんにつとめておられます。","words":[{"text":"そして","gloss":"and"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"American"},{"text":"大使","gloss":"embassy"},{"text":"館","gloss":"embassy"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"つとめ","gloss":"work"},{"text":"て","gloss":"work"},{"text":"おら","gloss":"work"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"work"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L065.rd.009","source":"南夫人はまだミラー夫人にお目にかかった事がないので、西村夫人にたのんで、ミラー夫人にしょうかいして","translation":"Mrs. Minami had not yet met Mrs. Miller, so she asked Mrs. Nishimura to introduce her to Mrs. Miller,","reading":"みなみふじんはまだミラーふじんにおめにかかったことがないので、にしむらふじんにたのんで、ミラーふじんにしょうかいして","words":[{"text":"南","gloss":"Mrs. Minami","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"夫人","gloss":"Mrs. Minami","reading":"ふじん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"ミラー","gloss":"Mrs. Miller"},{"text":"夫人","gloss":"Mrs. Miller","reading":"ふじん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorific"},{"text":"目","gloss":"meet","reading":"め"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かかっ","gloss":"met"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"事","gloss":"experience","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not have"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"西村","gloss":"Mrs. Nishimura","reading":"にしむら"},{"text":"夫人","gloss":"Mrs. Nishimura","reading":"ふじん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"たのん","gloss":"asked"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ミラー","gloss":"Mrs. Miller"},{"text":"夫人","gloss":"Mrs. Miller","reading":"ふじん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"しょうかい","gloss":"introduce"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L065.rd.010","source":"もらいました。","translation":"and Mrs. Nishimura did so.","reading":"もらいました。","words":[{"text":"もらい","gloss":"had it done"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"had it done"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"had it done"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L065.rd.011","source":"ミラー夫人が日本語が上手なので、南夫人もおどろいておられました。","translation":"Mrs. Minami was surprised that Mrs. Miller spoke Japanese so well.","reading":"ミラーふじんがにほんごがじょうずなので、みなみふじんもおどろいておられました。","words":[{"text":"ミラー","gloss":"Mrs. Miller"},{"text":"夫人","gloss":"Mrs. Miller","reading":"ふじん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"fluent","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"な","gloss":"being"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"南","gloss":"Mrs. Minami","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"夫人","gloss":"Mrs. Minami","reading":"ふじん"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"おどろい","gloss":"was surprised"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was surprised"},{"text":"おら","gloss":"was surprised"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was surprised"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was surprised"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was surprised"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.rd.011.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L065.rd.012","source":"南夫人はミラー夫人が日本語を話されるぐらい上手に英語を話したいと言っておられました。","translation":"Mrs. Minami said that she wanted to speak English as well as Mrs. Miller spoke Japanese.","reading":"みなみふじんはミラーふじんがにほんごをはなされるぐらいじょうずにえいごをはなしたいといっておられました。","words":[{"text":"南","gloss":"Mrs. Minami","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"夫人","gloss":"Mrs. Minami","reading":"ふじん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ミラー","gloss":"Mrs. Miller"},{"text":"夫人","gloss":"Mrs. Miller","reading":"ふじん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"話さ","gloss":"speaks","reading":"はなさ"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"speaks"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"as well as"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"skillfully","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"said","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"said"},{"text":"おら","gloss":"said"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"said"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"said"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"said"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.rd.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"れる","gloss":"to be able to --\n(See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Learning conversation through listening · Reading Selection 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Conversation through listening","paragraphs":["*外国語は耳から習わなければ話すのは上手になれません* says that speaking improves only when a foreign language is learned through listening.","The passage contrasts listening with learning only through reading and writing."]},{"title":"A teacher's advice","paragraphs":["Mrs. Minami recalls a teacher who scolded her with *もっと勉強するものですよ*.","In this line, *勉強するものですよ* means \"You should study more.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L065.rd.013","source":"南夫人は英語を習った事は習ったのですが、会話の方はあまり出来ないのです。","translation":"Mrs. Minami did study English, but she cannot converse in it very well.","reading":"みなみふじんはえいごをならったことはならったのですが、かいわのほうはあまりできないのです。","words":[{"text":"南","gloss":"Mrs. Minami","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"夫人","gloss":"Mrs. Minami","reading":"ふじん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"studied","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"事","gloss":"fact","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"studied","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"会話","gloss":"conversation","reading":"かいわ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"ability","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can do","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.rd.013.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L065.rd.014","source":"外国語は耳から習わなければ話すのは上手になれません。","translation":"You cannot become good at speaking a foreign language unless you learn it by listening.","reading":"がいこくごはみみからならわなければはなすのはじょうずになれません。","words":[{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign language","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"語","gloss":"foreign language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"listening","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"習わ","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならわ"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"unless"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"unless"},{"text":"話す","gloss":"speaking","reading":"はなす"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"なれ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.rd.014.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L065.rd.015","source":"読んだり書いたりして習ってはどうしても会話は上手になれません。","translation":"If you learn only by reading and writing, you simply cannot become good at conversation.","reading":"よんだりかいたりしてならってはどうしてもかいわはじょうずになれません。","words":[{"text":"読ん","gloss":"read","reading":"よん"},{"text":"だり","gloss":"things like"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"things like"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"by"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"no matter"},{"text":"し","gloss":"no matter"},{"text":"て","gloss":"no matter"},{"text":"も","gloss":"no matter"},{"text":"会話","gloss":"conversation","reading":"かいわ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"なれ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.rd.015.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L065.rd.016","source":"南夫人も学校で英語を勉強していたころは先生に「もっと勉強するものですよ」としかられたものだそうです。","translation":"When Mrs. Minami was studying English in school, her teacher would scold her and say, “You should study more.”","reading":"みなみふじんもがっこうでえいごをべんきょうしていたころはせんせいに「もっとべんきょうするものですよ」としかられたものだそうです。","words":[{"text":"南","gloss":"Mrs. Minami","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"夫人","gloss":"Mrs. Minami","reading":"ふじん"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"was studying"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was studying"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was studying"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ころ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"「もっと","gloss":"more"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"should do"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"should"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ」","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"しから","gloss":"was scolded"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was scolded"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was scolded"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"used to happen"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"used to happen"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.rd.016.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L065.rd.017","source":"でもそのころは欲がなかったのですから、遊ぶ方がよかったそうです。","translation":"But she had no ambition in those days, so she preferred playing.","reading":"でもそのころはよくがなかったのですから、あそぶほうがよかったそうです。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も","gloss":"but"},{"text":"その","gloss":"those"},{"text":"ころ","gloss":"days"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"欲","gloss":"ambition","reading":"よく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"did not have"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"遊ぶ","gloss":"playing","reading":"あそぶ"},{"text":"方","gloss":"choice","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"was better"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.rd.017.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Questions about introductions and work · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Facts about the two men","paragraphs":["The questions ask who introduced Mr. Miller, what the men said, where they work, and where Mr. Miller first planned to go.","*ミラーさんは どこに つとめていますか* means \"Where does Mr. Miller work?\" An answer gives the workplace from the reading."]}],"lines":[{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L065.q.001","source":"ミラーさんは だれに しょうかいされましたか。","translation":"Who introduced Mr. Miller?","reading":"ミラーさんはだれにしょうかいされましたか。","words":[{"text":"ミラー","gloss":"Mr. Miller"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr. Miller"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"しょうかい","gloss":"was introduced"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"was introduced"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was introduced"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was introduced"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was introduced"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.q.001.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L065.q.002","source":"二人は 何と 言って あいさつしましたか。","translation":"What did the two of them say to greet each other?","reading":"ふたりはなんといってあいさつしましたか。","words":[{"text":"二人","gloss":"the two","reading":"ふたり"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"said","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"said"},{"text":"あいさつ","gloss":"greet"},{"text":"し","gloss":"did"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.q.002.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L065.q.003","source":"あいさつしてから どうしましたか。","translation":"What did they do after greeting each other?","reading":"あいさつしてからどうしましたか。","words":[{"text":"あいさつ","gloss":"greet"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"から","gloss":"after"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"し","gloss":"did"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.q.003.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L065.q.004","source":"南さんは どこに つとめていますか。","translation":"Where does Mr. Minami work?","reading":"みなみさんはどこにつとめていますか。","words":[{"text":"南","gloss":"Mr. Minami","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr. Minami"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"つとめ","gloss":"work"},{"text":"て","gloss":"work"},{"text":"い","gloss":"work"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.q.004.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L065.q.005","source":"ミラーさんは どこに つとめていますか。","translation":"Where does Mr. Miller work?","reading":"ミラーさんはどこにつとめていますか。","words":[{"text":"ミラー","gloss":"Mr. Miller"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr. Miller"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"つとめ","gloss":"work"},{"text":"て","gloss":"work"},{"text":"い","gloss":"work"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.q.005.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L065.q.006","source":"ミラーさんは 日本は 今度が 初めてですか。","translation":"Is this Mr. Miller's first time in Japan?","reading":"ミラーさんはにほんはこんどがはじめてですか。","words":[{"text":"ミラー","gloss":"Mr. Miller"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr. Miller"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"as for"},{"text":"今度","gloss":"this time","reading":"こんど"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"初めて","gloss":"first time","reading":"はじめて"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.q.006.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L065.q.007","source":"始めは どこへ 行くように なっていましたか。","translation":"Where was he originally supposed to go?","reading":"はじめはどこへいくようになっていましたか。","words":[{"text":"始め","gloss":"originally","reading":"はじめ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"supposed to"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"was arranged"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was arranged"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was arranged"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was arranged"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.q.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"だれ","gloss":"who?"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Meeting and language learning · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"The meeting and the lesson about listening","paragraphs":["The questions ask who arranged the women's meeting, why Mrs. Minami was surprised, and how she studied English.","*南夫人は なぜ おどろいていましたか* means \"Why was Mrs. Minami surprised?\" An answer gives the reason from the reading."]}],"lines":[{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L065.q.008","source":"南夫人は ミラー夫人に お目に かかった 事が ありますか。","translation":"Has Mrs. Minami ever met Mrs. Miller?","reading":"みなみふじんはミラーふじんにおめにかかったことがありますか。","words":[{"text":"南","gloss":"Mrs. Minami","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"夫人","gloss":"Mrs. Minami","reading":"ふじん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ミラー","gloss":"Mrs. Miller"},{"text":"夫人","gloss":"Mrs. Miller","reading":"ふじん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorific"},{"text":"目","gloss":"meet","reading":"め"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かかっ","gloss":"met"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"事","gloss":"experience","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.q.008.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L065.q.009","source":"南夫人は だれに たのんで しょうかいして もらいましたか。","translation":"Whom did Mrs. Minami ask to introduce her?","reading":"みなみふじんはだれにたのんでしょうかいしてもらいましたか。","words":[{"text":"南","gloss":"Mrs. Minami","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"夫人","gloss":"Mrs. Minami","reading":"ふじん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"たのん","gloss":"asked"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"しょうかい","gloss":"introduce"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"もらい","gloss":"got her to do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"got her to do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.q.009.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L065.q.010","source":"南夫人は なぜ おどろいていましたか。","translation":"Why was Mrs. Minami surprised?","reading":"みなみふじんはなぜおどろいていましたか。","words":[{"text":"南","gloss":"Mrs. Minami","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"夫人","gloss":"Mrs. Minami","reading":"ふじん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"おどろい","gloss":"was surprised"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was surprised"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was surprised"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was surprised"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.q.010.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L065.q.011","source":"南夫人は 英語を 習った 事が ありますか。","translation":"Has Mrs. Minami ever studied English?","reading":"みなみふじんはえいごをならったことがありますか。","words":[{"text":"南","gloss":"Mrs. Minami","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"夫人","gloss":"Mrs. Minami","reading":"ふじん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"studied","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"事","gloss":"experience","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.q.011.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L065.q.012","source":"読んだり、 書いたりして 外国語を 習うと、 会話が 上手に なれますか。","translation":"If you learn a foreign language by reading and writing, can you become good at conversation?","reading":"よんだり、かいたりしてがいこくごをならうと、かいわがじょうずになれますか。","words":[{"text":"読ん","gloss":"read","reading":"よん"},{"text":"だり、","gloss":"things like"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"things like"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"foreign language","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"語","gloss":"foreign language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習う","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならう"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"会話","gloss":"conversation","reading":"かいわ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"good","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"なれ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.q.012.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L065.q.013","source":"南夫人は 学校で 英語を 勉強していたころ、 先生に 何と 言って しかられましたか。","translation":"When Mrs. Minami was studying English at school, what did her teacher say when scolding her?","reading":"みなみふじんはがっこうでえいごをべんきょうしていたころ、せんせいになんといってしかられましたか。","words":[{"text":"南","gloss":"Mrs. Minami","reading":"みなみ"},{"text":"夫人","gloss":"Mrs. Minami","reading":"ふじん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"was studying"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was studying"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was studying"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ころ、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"said","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"said"},{"text":"しから","gloss":"was scolded"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was scolded"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was scolded"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.q.013.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L065.q.014","source":"そのころは なぜ 遊ぶ 方が よかったのですか。","translation":"Why was it better to play in those days?","reading":"そのころはなぜあそぶほうがよかったのですか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"those"},{"text":"ころ","gloss":"days"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"遊ぶ","gloss":"playing","reading":"あそぶ"},{"text":"方","gloss":"choice","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"was better"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.q.014.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"なぜ","gloss":"why?"},{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Introductions and polite greetings · Word list 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Introductions and first meetings","paragraphs":["These words cover introductions, humble meeting expressions, polite greetings, and work.","*しょうかいして いただけませんか* means \"I wonder if you can introduce me.\" *初めて お目に かかります* is the humble greeting \"I'm glad to meet you.\"","*うけたまわって おりました* means \"I have heard about you.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.001","source":"しょうかい(する)","translation":"introduction(to introduce)","reading":"しょうかい(する)","words":[{"text":"しょうかい(する)","gloss":"introduce"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.001.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.002","source":"しょうかいして いただけませんか","translation":"I wonder if you can introduce me.","reading":"しょうかいしていただけませんか","words":[{"text":"しょうかいしていただけませんか","gloss":"could you introduce me"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.002.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.003","source":"いただける","translation":"can receive","reading":"いただける","words":[{"text":"いただける","gloss":"can receive"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.003.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.004","source":"ちょっと","translation":"one moment","reading":"ちょっと","words":[{"text":"ちょっと","gloss":"one moment"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.004.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.005","source":"御しょうかい いたしましょう","translation":"I’ll introduce-- May I introduce","reading":"ごしょうかいいたしましょう","words":[{"text":"御しょうかいいたしましょう","gloss":"may I introduce","reading":"ごしょうかいいたしましょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.005.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.006","source":"初めて お目に かかります","translation":"Pleased to make an acquaintance with you. I’m glad to meet you.","reading":"はじめておめにかかります","words":[{"text":"初めてお目にかかります","gloss":"pleased to meet you","reading":"はじめておめにかかります"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.006.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.007","source":"お目に かかる","translation":"meet some one (humble) (vi)","reading":"おめにかかる","words":[{"text":"お目にかかる","gloss":"meet","reading":"おめにかかる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.007.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.008","source":"どうぞ よろしく お願い いたします","translation":"I hope you will honor me with your friendship. I beg you kind regard.","reading":"どうぞよろしくおねがいいたします","words":[{"text":"どうぞよろしくお願いいたします","gloss":"pleased to meet you","reading":"どうぞよろしくおねがいいたします"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.008.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.009","source":"こちらこそ","translation":"Indeed, I’m the one who -----","reading":"こちらこそ","words":[{"text":"こちらこそ","gloss":"likewise"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.009.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.010","source":"うけたまわって おりました","translation":"I have heard about you.","reading":"うけたまわっておりました","words":[{"text":"うけたまわっておりました","gloss":"have heard about you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.010.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.011","source":"うけたまわる","translation":"hear (vt)","reading":"うけたまわる","words":[{"text":"うけたまわる","gloss":"hear"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.011.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.012","source":"(お)つとめ","translation":"duty, service, work","reading":"(お)つとめ","words":[{"text":"(お)つとめ","gloss":"work"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"しょうかい(する)","gloss":"introduction(to introduce)"},{"word":"しょうかいしていただけませんか","gloss":"I wonder if you can introduce me."},{"word":"いただける","gloss":"can receive"},{"word":"御しょうかいいたしましょう","gloss":"I’ll introduce-- May I introduce"},{"word":"初めてお目にかかります","gloss":"Pleased to make an acquaintance with you. I’m glad to meet you."},{"word":"お目にかかる","gloss":"meet some one (humble) (vi)"},{"word":"どうぞよろしくお願いいたします","gloss":"I hope you will honor me with your friendship. I beg you kind regard."},{"word":"こちらこそ","gloss":"Indeed, I’m the one who -----"},{"word":"うけたまわっておりました","gloss":"I have heard about you."},{"word":"うけたまわる","gloss":"hear (vt)"},{"word":"(お)つとめ","gloss":"duty, service, work"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Gladness and compliments · Word list 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Gladness and compliments","paragraphs":["These words cover gladness, an honorific invitation, praise, and a modest response.","*来て よかったと 思っています* means \"I'm glad I came here.\" *いらっしゃい* means \"please come\" or \"please go\".","*お上手ですこと* expresses admiring wonder."]}],"lines":[{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.013","source":"こちら","translation":"here","reading":"こちら","words":[{"text":"こちら","gloss":"here"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.013.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.014","source":"来て よかったと 思っています","translation":"I’m glad I came here","reading":"きてよかったとおもっています","words":[{"text":"来てよかったと思っています","gloss":"glad I came","reading":"きてよかったとおもっています"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.014.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.015","source":"--て よかったと 思う","translation":"I think it was nice that; I’m glad that (See Grammar notes)","reading":"--てよかったとおもう","words":[{"text":"--てよかったと思う","gloss":"glad that","reading":"--てよかったとおもう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.015.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.016","source":"今後とも","translation":"hereafter, from now on","reading":"こんごとも","words":[{"text":"今後とも","gloss":"from now on","reading":"こんごとも"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.016.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.017","source":"いらっしゃい","translation":"please come; please go (See Cult. notes)","reading":"いらっしゃい","words":[{"text":"いらっしゃい","gloss":"please come"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.017.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.018","source":"お目に かかれて うれしく 存じます","translation":"I’m glad that I am able to meet you.","reading":"おめにかかれてうれしくぞんじます","words":[{"text":"お目にかかれてうれしく存じます","gloss":"glad to meet you","reading":"おめにかかれてうれしくぞんじます"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.018.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.019","source":"うれしく 存じます","translation":"I’m glad (that---)","reading":"うれしくぞんじます","words":[{"text":"うれしく存じます","gloss":"I am glad","reading":"うれしくぞんじます"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.019.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.020","source":"まあー","translation":"Well! I should say","reading":"まあー","words":[{"text":"まあー","gloss":"well indeed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.020.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.021","source":"お上手ですこと","translation":"My, how fluent you are. You are indeed skilled. (see cult notes)","reading":"おじょうずですこと","words":[{"text":"お上手ですこと","gloss":"how skilled you are","reading":"おじょうずですこと"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.021.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.022","source":"はずかしい","translation":"embarrassing; feel awkard, feel ashamed.","reading":"はずかしい","words":[{"text":"はずかしい","gloss":"embarrassed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.022.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.023","source":"ほんの 少し","translation":"just a little","reading":"ほんのすこし","words":[{"text":"ほんの少し","gloss":"just a little","reading":"ほんのすこし"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.023.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.024","source":"ほんの","translation":"trivial, just slight, little","reading":"ほんの","words":[{"text":"ほんの","gloss":"just"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"来てよかったと思っています","gloss":"I’m glad I came here"},{"word":"--てよかったと思う","gloss":"I think it was nice that; I’m glad that (See Grammar notes)"},{"word":"今後とも","gloss":"hereafter, from now on"},{"word":"いらっしゃい","gloss":"please come; please go (See Cult. notes)"},{"word":"お目にかかれてうれしく存じます","gloss":"I’m glad that I am able to meet you."},{"word":"うれしく存じます","gloss":"I’m glad (that---)"},{"word":"まあー","gloss":"Well! I should say"},{"word":"お上手ですこと","gloss":"My, how fluent you are. You are indeed skilled. (see cult notes)"},{"word":"ほんの少し","gloss":"just a little"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Emphasis, obligation and scolding · Word list 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Respect, rejection, and advice","paragraphs":["These entries cover gentle assertion, respectful reference, emphatic rejection, informal reasons, advice, and scolding.","*日本の方* means \"people in Japan.\" *出来るものですか* means \"You cannot do it.\"","*勉強するものですよ* means \"you should study.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.025","source":"--わ","translation":"emphatic ending (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"--わ","words":[{"text":"--わ","gloss":"emphasis"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.025.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.026","source":"けど","translation":"abbrev. of KERE DOMO, however","reading":"けど","words":[{"text":"けど","gloss":"however"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.026.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.027","source":"日本の方","translation":"people in Japan (see cult. notes)","reading":"にほんのかた","words":[{"text":"日本の方","gloss":"Japanese people","reading":"にほんのかた"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.027.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.028","source":"出来るものですか","translation":"How can you do it? You cannot do it. (See Grammar notes)","reading":"できるものですか","words":[{"text":"出来るものですか","gloss":"can you really?","reading":"できるものですか"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.028.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.029","source":"習ったのですもの","translation":"we learned it, you see","reading":"ならったのですもの","words":[{"text":"習ったのですもの","gloss":"we learned it","reading":"ならったのですもの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.029.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.030","source":"---もの","translation":"emphatic ending (See cult. notes)","reading":"---もの","words":[{"text":"---もの","gloss":"emphasis"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.030.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.031","source":"勉強するものですよ","translation":"you should study you must study. (See Grammar notes)","reading":"べんきょうするものですよ","words":[{"text":"勉強するものですよ","gloss":"must study","reading":"べんきょうするものですよ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.031.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.032","source":"しかられた","translation":"was scolded","reading":"しかられた","words":[{"text":"しかられた","gloss":"was scolded"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.032.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.033","source":"しかる","translation":"scold (vt)","reading":"しかる","words":[{"text":"しかる","gloss":"scold"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.033.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.034","source":"そのころ","translation":"those days","reading":"そのころ","words":[{"text":"そのころ","gloss":"those days"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.034.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"ja.dli.L065.w.035","source":"欲","translation":"desire, wish (n)","reading":"よく","words":[{"text":"欲","gloss":"desire","reading":"よく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L065.w.035.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":9,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\n1 Take turns among fellow students and practice introducing one another. (man to man)\n\n2 Go through the same procedure as above, except this time one student take the part of female and one student take the part of male.\n\n3 Go through the same procedure, this time involving \"female to female\" introduction."},{"section":10,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.\n\n2 Study Grammar Perception Drill and Pattern Practice and also do the exercises at the end of each Pattern.\n\n3 Learn to read and write Kanji.\n\n4 Read the Explanatory Notes and the Guide for Free Conversation."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"--わ","gloss":"emphatic ending (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"けど","gloss":"abbrev. of KERE DOMO, however"},{"word":"日本の方","gloss":"people in Japan (see cult. notes)"},{"word":"出来るものですか","gloss":"How can you do it? You cannot do it. (See Grammar notes)"},{"word":"習ったのですもの","gloss":"we learned it, you see"},{"word":"---もの","gloss":"emphatic ending (See cult. notes)"},{"word":"勉強するものですよ","gloss":"you should study you must study. (See Grammar notes)"},{"word":"しかられた","gloss":"was scolded"},{"word":"しかる","gloss":"scold (vt)"},{"word":"そのころ","gloss":"those days"}],"paradigms":[]}]}