{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L075","title":"Lesson 75","stage":"Reading Japan","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 75: making limited land productive · dialogue 1 of 4, crops and farming scale · dialogue 2 of 4, rice and wheat imports · dialogue 3 of 4, why food imports continue · dialogue 4 of 4, doing things as expected · perception drill, following words and plans · pattern 1 1 of 3, matching descriptions and directions · pattern 1 2 of 3, confirming things went as expected · pattern 1 3 of 3, continuing changes over time · pattern 2 1 of 2, ongoing growth and change · pattern 2 2 of 2, japanese crops and farming methods · questions 1 of 2, future food imports · questions 2 of 2, limits, grains, imports.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/73","lines":139},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/72","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/74","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Making limited land productive · Dialogue 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"More food from limited land","paragraphs":["Two speakers discuss the problem facing Japanese farmers. *日本の 百しょうが かぎられた 土地で 食糧を じゅう分に 作る事は むずかしい事ですね* means \"It is difficult for Japanese farmers to produce enough food on limited land, isn't it?\"","The need to use limited land helped agricultural technology develop. *かぎられた 土地を もっとも ゆうこうに 利用する事です* means \"I mean making the most effective use of the limited land.\""]},{"title":"Technology beyond Japan","paragraphs":["The conversation then considers whether these methods can help American farming. *その ぎじゅつは 米国でも 役に立つと 思いますか* means \"Do you think that technology would also be useful in the United States?\""]},{"title":"Kanji: ","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 米","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 糧","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L075.dlg.001","source":"「農業」 (二)","translation":"Agriculture (2)","reading":"「のうぎょう」(に)","words":[{"text":"「農業」","gloss":"agriculture","reading":"のうぎょう"},{"text":"(二)","gloss":"two","reading":"に"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L075.dlg.002","source":"日本の 百しょうが かぎられた 土地で 食糧を じゅう分に 作る事は むずかしい事ですね。","translation":"It is difficult for Japanese farmers to produce enough food on limited land, isn't it?","reading":"にほんのひゃくしょうがかぎられたとちでしょくりょうをじゅうぶんにつくることはむずかしいことですね。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"百しょう","gloss":"farmers","reading":"ひゃくしょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"かぎら","gloss":"limited"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"limited"},{"text":"た","gloss":"limited"},{"text":"土地","gloss":"land","reading":"とち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"on"},{"text":"食糧","gloss":"food","reading":"しょくりょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"じゅう","gloss":"enough"},{"text":"分","gloss":"enough","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"enough"},{"text":"作る","gloss":"produce","reading":"つくる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L075.dlg.003","source":"そう。それが ぎじゅつの 発達を たすけたのです。","translation":"Yes. That is what helped technology develop.","reading":"そう。それがぎじゅつのはったつをたすけたのです。","words":[{"text":"そう。","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ぎじゅつ","gloss":"technology"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"発達","gloss":"development","reading":"はったつ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たすけ","gloss":"help"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"what"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L075.dlg.004","source":"と 言うと。","translation":"What do you mean?","reading":"というと。","words":[{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"と。","gloss":"if"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L075.dlg.005","source":"かぎられた 土地を もっとも ゆうこうに 利用する事です。","translation":"I mean making the most effective use of the limited land.","reading":"かぎられたとちをもっともゆうこうにりようすることです。","words":[{"text":"かぎら","gloss":"limited"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"limited"},{"text":"た","gloss":"limited"},{"text":"土地","gloss":"land","reading":"とち"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もっとも","gloss":"most"},{"text":"ゆうこう","gloss":"effective"},{"text":"に","gloss":"effectively"},{"text":"利用","gloss":"use","reading":"りよう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L075.dlg.006","source":"で、その ぎじゅつは 米国でも 役に立つと 思いますか。","translation":"So, do you think that technology would also be useful in the United States?","reading":"で、そのぎじゅつはべいこくでもやくにたつとおもいますか。","words":[{"text":"で、","gloss":"so"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"ぎじゅつ","gloss":"technology"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"役","gloss":"use","reading":"やく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"立つ","gloss":"be useful","reading":"たつ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"NO TOORI\n\n”as, \"like\"\n\nFollowing noun plus NO and also following basic\n\nform of either past or non-past verbs NO TOCH^I or TOCRI\n\nexpresses an idea of \"as\", \"like\".\n\nof YOO (See Lesson 39).\n\nTOORI has a resemblance\n\nHowever, YOO means \"way\" or\n\n“manner” with emphasis on resemblance; whereas, TOORI means\n\n’’way\" or \"manner\" in the sense of accordance or agreement.\n\nCompare:\n\nYAKUSOKU NO YOO DRSTT.\n\nt\n\n\"It»s like (i.e. resembles) a promise.\"\n\ni\n\nYAKUSOKU NO TOORI DESU.\n\nI\n\n\"It’s as (someone) promised.\"\n\nI\n\n\"It’s in accordance with a promise.\"\n\nI\n\nTOCRI usually occurs without a particle following it when\n\nit modifies an inflected word or phrase, although at times\n\nit is followed by a particle NI.\n\nWhen TOORI is used as a\n\nmodifier of nouns, a particle NO follows it.\n\nI.\n\nExplanatory Notes, continued.\n\nExamples:\n\nHON NO TOORI DESU.\n\n\"It’s in accordance with a book.”\n\nKIITA TOORI DESU.\n\n”It»s as you have heard.”\n\nMITA TOORI DESU.\n\n”It«s as you have seen.”\n\nKOJO TOOR I DESU.\n\n”It»s just like this.”"},{"section":2,"text":"-----IPPOO DESU\n\n“keeps on-----”, “continues to---- ”\n\nFollowing a basic form (dictionary form) of verbs,\n\nIPPOO DESU expresses an idea of “keeps on doing such-and-\n\nsuch” or “continues to do such-and-such”.\n\nExamples;\n\nZOOKA SURU IPPOO DESU.\n\n“It keeps on increasing.”\n\nNIHONGO WA MUZUKASHIKU NARU IPPOO DESU.\n\n“Japanese continues to become difficult.”\n\nExplanatory Notes, continued,\n\nI.\n\nBYOOKI GA WARUKU NARU IPPOO DESU.\n\nI\n\n“Sickness keeps on getting worse,”\n\nI\n\nJINKOO GA FUERU IPPOO DESU.\n\ni\n\n“Population continues to increase,”\n\nANO SEITO WA NIPPONGO GA JOOZU NI NARU IPPOO\n\nDESU,\n\n“That student keeps on becoming better in\n\nJapanese\n\n3,\n\nNotes on\n\n’’and”, ”in addition to”\n\n-NI — NI\n\n. Following nominals (nouns and pronouns) NI expresses\n\nI\n\nan idea of ’’and” or ”in addition to”.\n\nThis NI can be\n\nused two or more in a sentence.\n\nExamples;\n\nI\n\nKOME NT MUGI\n\nI\n\n“There are wheat and potatoes in addition to\n\n■\n\nrice,”\n\nIMO GA ARIMASU,\n\nI,\n\nExplanatory Notes, continued,\n\nNIHONGO NIWA HIRAGANA NI KATAKANA NI, KANJI GA\n\nARIMASU.\n\n“In Japanese there are HIRAGANA, KATAKANA, and\n\nKANJI.”"},{"section":3,"text":"Mugi is an all inclusive term and it includes\n\nOOMUGI (barley), KOMUGI (wheat), and EMBAKU (oats).\n\nHowever, when Japanese say Mugi, they usually mean KOMUGI."},{"section":4,"text":"KOME, GOH^,\n\nINE is a rice plant.\n\nKOME is uncooked rice.\n\nGOHAN is boiled rice and at times it means a\n\nmeal.\n\nFor example, if you say GOHAN DESU\n\nYO, it means\n\n“Breakfast (Dinner, Supper) is ready,” or GOHAN O\n\nTABEMASHITA means “I had a meal.”\n\nI."},{"section":5,"text":"Explanatory Notes, continued.\n\nRYOO is a suffix and it means quantity, amount,\n\nvolume and in many occasions it is attached to other nouns\n\nto form compound nouns.\n\nFor examples:"},{"section":6,"text":"KOOTSUU RYOO\n\n\"traffic volume\"\n\nYUNYUURYOQ\n\n\"amount of import\"\n\nSEISAN RYOO\n\n\"amount of production\"\n\nW\n\nThere are three different tons; namely, the\n\nlong ton, the short ton, and the metric ton.\n\nis used in England and it is 2,240 pounds.\n\nThe long ton\n\nThe short ton\n\nis used in the United States and is 2,000 pounds,\n\nuses the metric ton which is 2,205 pounds.\n\nton is called KIRO-TON in Japanese,\n\njapan\n\nThis metric"}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"「農業」","gloss":"agriculture"},{"word":"(二)","gloss":"two"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"土地","gloss":"land, lot"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"食糧","gloss":"food"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"分","gloss":"minute"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"作る","gloss":"to raise, to make"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"そう。","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Crops and farming scale · Dialogue 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Small farms and their crops","paragraphs":["Japan's small farms produce several crops, but their methods do not transfer unchanged to large-scale American agriculture.","*日本の 農業は きぼが小さいので 米国のような 大きぼの 農業には てきしないでしょう* means \"Since Japanese agriculture is small in scale, it probably would not suit large-scale American agriculture.\"","*米に 麦に さつまいも など 色々あります* lists rice, wheat, and sweet potatoes. *麦* includes barley, wheat, and oats, and usually means \"wheat\"."]},{"title":"Rice at each stage","paragraphs":["The crop list includes *米*. Japanese uses separate words for rice at different stages: *INE* is \"the rice plant\", and *KOME* is \"uncooked rice\".","*GOHAN* is \"boiled rice\" and can also mean \"a meal\". *GOHAN DESU YO* means \"the meal is ready\"."]},{"title":"Kanji: 産, 麦, 輸","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L075.dlg.007","source":"ある 程度までは そのまま 米国農業に 使えると 思います。","translation":"I think it could be used as it is in American agriculture to a certain extent.","reading":"あるていどまではそのままべいこくのうぎょうにつかえるとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"ある","gloss":"certain"},{"text":"程度","gloss":"extent","reading":"ていど"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"to"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"まま","gloss":"as is"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"農業","gloss":"agriculture","reading":"のうぎょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"使える","gloss":"can be used","reading":"つかえる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L075.dlg.008","source":"しかし、日本の 農業は きぼが小さいので 米国のような 大きぼの 農業には てきしないでしょう。","translation":"However, since Japanese agriculture is small in scale, it probably would not be suitable for large-scale agriculture like that in the United States.","reading":"しかし、にほんののうぎょうはきぼがちいさいのでべいこくのようなだいきぼののうぎょうにはてきしないでしょう。","words":[{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほんの"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"農業","gloss":"agriculture","reading":"うぎょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"き","gloss":"scale"},{"text":"ぼ","gloss":"scale"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"小さい","gloss":"small","reading":"ちいさい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"because"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"like"},{"text":"な","gloss":"linking"},{"text":"大","gloss":"large-scale","reading":"だい"},{"text":"き","gloss":"large-scale"},{"text":"ぼ","gloss":"large-scale"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"農業","gloss":"agriculture","reading":"のうぎょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"てきし","gloss":"suitable"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L075.dlg.009","source":"まあ、大きぼの 農業には てきしないですね。","translation":"Well, it would not be suitable for large-scale agriculture.","reading":"まあ、だいきぼののうぎょうにはてきしないですね。","words":[{"text":"まあ、","gloss":"well"},{"text":"大","gloss":"large-scale","reading":"だい"},{"text":"き","gloss":"large-scale"},{"text":"ぼ","gloss":"large-scale"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"農業","gloss":"agriculture","reading":"のうぎょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"てきし","gloss":"suitable"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L075.dlg.010","source":"日本の 農産物には どんなのが ありますか。","translation":"What kinds of agricultural products does Japan have?","reading":"にほんののうさんぶつにはどんなのがありますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほんの"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"農産","gloss":"agricultural products"},{"text":"物","gloss":"agricultural products"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L075.dlg.011","source":"米に 麦に さつまいも など 色々あります。くだもの、茶などの さいばいも さかんです。","translation":"There are various products, such as rice, wheat, and sweet potatoes. Fruit, tea, and the like are also widely cultivated.","reading":"こめにむぎにさつまいもなどいろいろあります。くだもの、ちゃなどのさいばいもさかんです。","words":[{"text":"米","gloss":"rice","reading":"こめ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"and"},{"text":"麦","gloss":"wheat","reading":"むぎ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"and"},{"text":"さつま","gloss":"sweet potatoes"},{"text":"いも","gloss":"sweet potatoes"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"色々","gloss":"various","reading":"いろいろ"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"くだもの、","gloss":"fruit"},{"text":"茶","gloss":"tea","reading":"ちゃ"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"さいばい","gloss":"cultivation"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"さかん","gloss":"widespread"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L075.dlg.012","source":"日本では もう 米などは 輸入しなくても よいと 聞きましたが。","translation":"I heard that Japan no longer has to import rice and such.","reading":"にほんではもうこめなどはゆにゅうしなくてもよいとききましたが。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"no longer"},{"text":"米","gloss":"rice","reading":"こめ"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"import","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"even if"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"okay"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"聞き","gloss":"heard","reading":"きき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"が。","gloss":"but"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"農業","gloss":"agriculture"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"しかし、","gloss":"however, but"},{"word":"き","gloss":"counter for airplanes (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"まあ、","gloss":"Well! Oh, my!"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"麦","gloss":"wheat, barley, oats (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"茶","gloss":"tea"},{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Rice and wheat imports · Dialogue 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Wheat imports and their amount","paragraphs":["*近年 小麦の 輸入が ひじょうに ぞうかしています* means \"In recent years, wheat imports have increased greatly.\"","*小麦の 輸入量は 年々 二千五百万トンを こえています* gives the yearly amount. *量* means \"quantity\", \"amount\", or \"volume\" and can end a compound noun.","*輸入量* is \"amount of import\"."]},{"title":"The ton used in Japan","paragraphs":["*二千五百万トン* means \"twenty-five million tons\". Japan uses the metric ton, which is 2,205 pounds."]},{"title":"Kanji: 足","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 量","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L075.dlg.013","source":"米の 輸入は ほとんどありませんが、それで 食糧が 足りているという 訳じゃ ないんです。","translation":"There are hardly any rice imports, but that does not mean there is enough food.","reading":"こめのゆにゅうはほとんどありませんが、それでしょくりょうがたりているというわけじゃないんです。","words":[{"text":"米","gloss":"rice","reading":"こめ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"imports","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ほとんど","gloss":"hardly"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"食糧","gloss":"food","reading":"しょくりょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"足り","gloss":"is enough","reading":"たり"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is enough"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is enough"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"mean"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"じゃ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L075.dlg.014","source":"それでは、米いがいの 食料品を 輸入しているんですね。","translation":"Then Japan imports food other than rice, doesn't it?","reading":"それでは、こめいがいのしょくりょうひんをゆにゅうしているんですね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米","gloss":"rice","reading":"こめ"},{"text":"いがい","gloss":"other than"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"食料","gloss":"food products","reading":"しょくりょう"},{"text":"品","gloss":"food products","reading":"ひん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"import","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"is importing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is importing"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is importing"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L075.dlg.015","source":"そう。近年 小麦の 輸入が ひじょうに ぞうかしています。","translation":"Yes. In recent years, wheat imports have increased greatly.","reading":"そう。きんねんむぎのゆにゅうがひじょうにぞうかしています。","words":[{"text":"そう。","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"近年","gloss":"recent years","reading":"きんねん"},{"text":"小麦","gloss":"wheat","reading":"むぎ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"imports","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ひじょう","gloss":"greatly"},{"text":"に","gloss":"greatly"},{"text":"ぞう","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"か","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"い","gloss":"continuing"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L075.dlg.016","source":"そうですか。","translation":"Is that so?","reading":"そうですか。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L075.dlg.017","source":"ええ。小麦の 輸入量は 年々 二千五百万トンを こえています。","translation":"Yes. The amount of wheat imported exceeds twenty-five million tons each year.","reading":"ええ。むぎのゆにゅうりょうはねんねんにせんごひゃくまんトンをこえています。","words":[{"text":"ええ。","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"小麦","gloss":"wheat","reading":"むぎ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"import amount","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"量","gloss":"import amount","reading":"りょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"年々","gloss":"each year","reading":"ねんねん"},{"text":"二千","gloss":"two thousand","reading":"にせん"},{"text":"五百","gloss":"five hundred","reading":"ごひゃく"},{"text":"万","gloss":"ten thousand","reading":"まん"},{"text":"トン","gloss":"tons"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"こえ","gloss":"exceed"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"い","gloss":"continuing"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L075.dlg.018","source":"それでは 米の 輸入が げんしょうして、小麦の 輸入が ぞうかした訳ですね。","translation":"So rice imports decreased, and wheat imports increased.","reading":"それではこめのゆにゅうがげんしょうして、むぎのゆにゅうがぞうかしたわけですね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米","gloss":"rice","reading":"こめ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"imports","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"げんしょう","gloss":"decrease"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"小麦","gloss":"wheat","reading":"むぎ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"imports","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ぞう","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"か","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ほとんど","gloss":"almost (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"近年","gloss":"recent years"},{"word":"小麦","gloss":"wheat"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ええ。","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"量","gloss":"amount (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"年々","gloss":"yearly"},{"word":"二千","gloss":"2,000"},{"word":"五百","gloss":"500"},{"word":"トン","gloss":"ton (See Cult. Notes"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Why food imports continue · Dialogue 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Why food imports continue","paragraphs":["*食料品の 輸入は ずっと つづきますね* means \"Then food imports will continue for a long time, won't they?\"","Farmland cannot increase, while the population keeps increasing. The speakers also do not expect production to increase suddenly."]},{"title":"Agreement with the conclusion","paragraphs":["*その通りです* means \"That is right.\" Here *通り* confirms agreement with the other speaker."]},{"title":"Kanji: 方","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L075.dlg.019","source":"その通りです。","translation":"That is right.","reading":"そのとおりです。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"way","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L075.dlg.020","source":"それでは 食料品の 輸入は ずっと つづきますね。","translation":"Then food imports will continue for a long time, won't they?","reading":"それではしょくりょうひんのゆにゅうはずっとつづきますね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"食料","gloss":"food products","reading":"しょくりょう"},{"text":"品","gloss":"food products","reading":"ひん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"imports","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ずっと","gloss":"for long"},{"text":"つづき","gloss":"continue"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L075.dlg.021","source":"農業用地の ぞうかも かんがえられませんし、人口も ぞうかする一方ですから。","translation":"Yes, because an increase in farmland is out of the question, while the population keeps increasing.","reading":"のうぎょうようちのぞうかもかんがえられませんし、じんこうもぞうかするいっぽうですから。","words":[{"text":"農業","gloss":"farmland","reading":"のうぎょう"},{"text":"用","gloss":"farmland","reading":"よう"},{"text":"地","gloss":"farmland","reading":"ち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ぞう","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"か","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"かんがえ","gloss":"consider"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"人口","gloss":"population","reading":"じんこう"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ぞう","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"か","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"continually","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.dlg.021.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L075.dlg.022","source":"そうですね。","translation":"That is true.","reading":"そうですね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"true"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.dlg.022.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L075.dlg.023","source":"それかと 言って、生産が 急に ぞうかする訳も ありますまいしね。","translation":"But on the other hand, there is probably no reason to expect production to increase suddenly, either.","reading":"それかといって、せいさんがきゅうにぞうかするわけもありますまいしね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"か","gloss":"or"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"生産","gloss":"production","reading":"せいさん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"急","gloss":"sudden","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"suddenly"},{"text":"ぞう","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"か","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"reason","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"まい","gloss":"probably not"},{"text":"し","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.dlg.023.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"通り","gloss":"street"},{"word":"ずっと","gloss":"by far; very much"},{"word":"かんがえ","gloss":"idea, thinking"},{"word":"し、","gloss":"city"},{"word":"人口","gloss":"population"},{"word":"から。","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"生産","gloss":"production"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Doing things as expected · Perception drill","teaching":[{"title":"As stated or planned","paragraphs":["*あなたが おっしゃった 通り 雨に なりましたね* means \"Just as you said, it started raining, didn't it?\" *通り* marks accordance with what someone said.","*計画の 通りに やります* means \"I will do it according to the plan.\" A noun takes *の* before *通り*, while a verb stands directly before it.","*思った 通りの 物が 三越に ありましたよ* means \"Mitsukoshi had what I had in mind.\" Here *の* follows *通り* before *物*."]},{"title":"A change that keeps continuing","paragraphs":["*日本は 人口が ふえる一方だそうですね* means \"I hear Japan's population keeps increasing.\"","*一方です* follows the dictionary form of a verb. It says that an action or change keeps continuing.","*今から あつくなる 一方です* means \"From now on, it will keep getting hotter.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L075.gp1.01","source":"あの人の 言う 通りです。","translation":"Translation, Grammar Perception Drill, continued.","reading":"あのひとのいうとおりです。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"way","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L075.gp1.02","source":"計画の 通りに やります。","translation":"I will do it according to the plan.","reading":"けいかくのとおりにやります。","words":[{"text":"計画","gloss":"plan","reading":"けいかく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"way","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"やり","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L075.gp1.03","source":"あなたが おっしゃった 通り 雨に なりましたね。","translation":"Just as you said, it started raining, didn't it?","reading":"あなたがおっしゃったとおりあめになりましたね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"おっしゃっ","gloss":"said"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"just as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L075.gp1.04","source":"変な 雲が 出ていたから、雨に なると 思ったのです。","translation":"There were some strange clouds, so I thought it would rain.","reading":"へんなくもがでていたから、あめになるとおもったのです。","words":[{"text":"変","gloss":"strange","reading":"へん"},{"text":"な","gloss":"strange"},{"text":"雲","gloss":"clouds","reading":"くも"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出","gloss":"appear","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"い","gloss":"continuing"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"thought","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L075.gp1.05","source":"今日も いつもの 通り 変な 天気ですね。","translation":"The weather is strange today too, as usual, isn't it?","reading":"きょうもいつものとおりへんなてんきですね。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"usual"},{"text":"も","gloss":"usual"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"way","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"変","gloss":"strange","reading":"へん"},{"text":"な","gloss":"strange"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L075.gp1.06","source":"ええ、一月は 大抵 こんな天気ですよ。","translation":"Yes, January usually has weather like this.","reading":"ええ、いちがつはたいていこんなてんきですよ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"一","gloss":"January","reading":"いち"},{"text":"月","gloss":"January","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"こんな","gloss":"this kind of"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L075.gp1.07","source":"僕は どうしても 言葉が おぼえられないので、困っているんだ。","translation":"I am having trouble because I just cannot learn the words.","reading":"ぼくはどうしてもことばがおぼえられないので、こまっているんだ。","words":[{"text":"僕","gloss":"I","reading":"ぼく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"simply cannot"},{"text":"し","gloss":"simply cannot"},{"text":"て","gloss":"simply cannot"},{"text":"も","gloss":"simply cannot"},{"text":"言葉","gloss":"words","reading":"ことば"},{"text":"が","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おぼえ","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"困っ","gloss":"having trouble","reading":"こまっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"having trouble"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"having trouble"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L075.gp1.08","source":"思った 通りの 物が 三越に ありましたよ。","translation":"Mitsukoshi had just what I had in mind.","reading":"おもったとおりのものがみつこしにありましたよ。","words":[{"text":"思っ","gloss":"had in mind","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"just as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"物","gloss":"thing","reading":"もの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"三越","gloss":"Mitsukoshi","reading":"みつこし"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"had"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L075.gp1.09","source":"そうですか。それは よかったですね。","translation":"Is that so? That was good.","reading":"そうですか。それはよかったですね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よかっ","gloss":"good"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L075.gp1.10","source":"あの店は ずい分 こんでいたでしょう。","translation":"That store was very crowded, wasn't it?","reading":"あのみせはずいぶんこんでいたでしょう。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"店","gloss":"store","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"very"},{"text":"こん","gloss":"was crowded"},{"text":"で","gloss":"was crowded"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was crowded"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was crowded"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"wasn’t it?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L075.gp1.11","source":"ええ、本とうに あなたが おっしゃった通りでした。三十分ぐらい 待たされましたよ。","translation":"Yes, it was exactly as you said. I was made to wait for about thirty minutes.","reading":"ええ、ほんとうにあなたがおっしゃったとおりでした。さんじゅっぷんぐらいまたされましたよ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"本","gloss":"exactly","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"とう","gloss":"exactly"},{"text":"に","gloss":"exactly"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"おっしゃっ","gloss":"said"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"just as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"},{"text":"三十","gloss":"thirty"},{"text":"分","gloss":"minutes"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"待たさ","gloss":"made to wait","reading":"またさ"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"made to wait"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.gp1.11.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L075.gp1.12","source":"今から あつくなる 一方です。","translation":"From now on, it will just keep getting hotter.","reading":"いまからあつくなるいっぽうです。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"あつく","gloss":"hotter"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.gp1.12.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L075.gp1.13","source":"スミスさんは 日本語が 上手になる一方ですね。","translation":"Mr. Smith's Japanese keeps getting better, doesn't it?","reading":"スミスさんはにほんごがじょうずになるいっぽうですね。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"better","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.gp1.13.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L075.gp1.14","source":"ええ、あの人は よく勉強しますからね。","translation":"Yes, because he studies hard.","reading":"ええ、あのひとはよくべんきょうしますからね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"hard"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.gp1.14.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L075.gp1.15","source":"六か月ぐらい 勉強すれば 日本語も 少し やさしくなると 思いましたが、むずかしくなる一方ですね。","translation":"I thought Japanese would get a little easier if I studied for about six months, but it just keeps getting harder.","reading":"ろっかげつぐらいべんきょうすればにほんごもすこしやさしくなるとおもいましたが、むずかしくなるいっぽうですね。","words":[{"text":"六","gloss":"six","reading":"ろっ"},{"text":"か月","gloss":"months","reading":"かげつ"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"やさしく","gloss":"easier"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"thought","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"むずかしく","gloss":"harder"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.gp1.15.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L075.gp1.16","source":"勉強は 何でも 同じですよ。習えば 習うほど むずかしくなるものです。","translation":"It is the same with anything you study. The more you learn, the harder it gets.","reading":"べんきょうはなんでもおなじですよ。ならえばならうほどむずかしくなるものです。","words":[{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"anything"},{"text":"も","gloss":"anything"},{"text":"同じ","gloss":"same","reading":"おなじ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"習え","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならえ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"習う","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならう"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"the more"},{"text":"むずかしく","gloss":"harder"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"naturally"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.gp1.16.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L075.gp1.17","source":"日本は 人口が ふえる一方だそうですね。","translation":"I hear Japan's population keeps increasing.","reading":"にほんはじんこうがふえるいっぽうだそうですね。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"人口","gloss":"population","reading":"じんこう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ふえる","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.gp1.17.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L075.gp1.18","source":"そうです。二三十年ぐらい後では 日本も 人口が 多すぎて 困る事でしょう。","translation":"That is right. In twenty or thirty years, Japan will probably have trouble because its population is too large.","reading":"そうです。にさんじゅうねんぐらいあとではにほんもじんこうがおおすぎてこまることでしょう。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that’s right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"二三十","gloss":"twenty or thirty","reading":"にさんじゅう"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"後","gloss":"later","reading":"あと"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"人口","gloss":"population","reading":"じんこう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多","gloss":"large","reading":"おお"},{"text":"すぎ","gloss":"too"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"困る","gloss":"have trouble","reading":"こまる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"situation","reading":"こと"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.gp1.18.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L075.gp1.19","source":"山田さんの 病気は 悪くなる一方だそうですね。","translation":"I hear Mr. Yamada's illness keeps getting worse.","reading":"やまださんのびょうきはわるくなるいっぽうだそうですね。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"悪く","gloss":"worse","reading":"わるく"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.gp1.19.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L075.gp1.20","source":"ええ、お医者さんの 話によると、あの人の 病気は なおらないそうですから、もう 長くないのでしょう。","translation":"Yes, according to the doctor, his illness cannot be cured, so he probably does not have long to live.","reading":"ええ、おいしゃさんのはなしによると、あのひとのびょうきはなおらないそうですから、もうながくないのでしょう。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"医者","gloss":"doctor","reading":"いしゃ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"話","gloss":"account","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"に","gloss":"according"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"according"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なおら","gloss":"be cured"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"any longer"},{"text":"長く","gloss":"long","reading":"ながく"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.gp1.20.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L075.gp1.21","source":"このごろは 日が 長くなる一方ですね。","translation":"The days have just been getting longer lately, haven't they?","reading":"このごろはひがながくなるいっぽうですね。","words":[{"text":"このごろ","gloss":"lately"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"長く","gloss":"longer","reading":"ながく"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.gp1.21.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L075.gp1.22","source":"ええ、六月の 終りごろまでは 日が 長くなる一方です。","translation":"Yes, the days will keep getting longer until around the end of June.","reading":"ええ、ろくがつのおわりごろまではひがながくなるいっぽうです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"六","gloss":"June","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"月","gloss":"June","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"終りごろ","gloss":"around the end","reading":"おわりごろ"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"長く","gloss":"longer","reading":"ながく"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.gp1.22.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L075.gp1.23","source":"先生から 言われた 通りに 勉強して みたまえ。そうすれば きっと おぼえられると 思うよ。","translation":"Try studying just as the teacher told you. If you do that, I am sure you will be able to learn it.","reading":"せんせいからいわれたとおりにべんきょうしてみたまえ。そうすればきっとおぼえられるとおもうよ。","words":[{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"言わ","gloss":"was told","reading":"いわ"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was told"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was told"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"just as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"み","gloss":"try"},{"text":"た","gloss":"imperative"},{"text":"まえ。","gloss":"imperative"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"that way"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"きっと","gloss":"surely"},{"text":"おぼえ","gloss":"learn"},{"text":"られる","gloss":"can"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思う","gloss":"think","reading":"おもう"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.gp1.23.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"雲","gloss":"cloud"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"いつ","gloss":"when?"},{"word":"天気","gloss":"weather"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"月","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"僕","gloss":"I (see notes)"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"だ。","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"店","gloss":"store, shop"},{"word":"ずい分","gloss":"very much"},{"word":"本","gloss":"numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)"},{"word":"三十","gloss":"30"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"上手","gloss":"skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"六","gloss":"six"},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"},{"word":"ほど","gloss":"to the extent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"},{"word":"ふえる","gloss":"to increase (v.i.)"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"すぎ","gloss":"past, after"},{"word":"医者","gloss":"medical doctor"},{"word":"話","gloss":"story, talk"},{"word":"まえ。","gloss":"front"},{"word":"きっと","gloss":"surely"},{"word":"思う","gloss":"to think"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Following words and plans · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"As promised or stated","paragraphs":["*約束の 通り 七時に 参りました* means \"I came at seven as promised.\" The promise appears before *の 通り*.","*私の 言う 通りに すれば 間違いは ありません* means \"If you do as I say, you will not make a mistake.\" The verb stands directly before *通りに*."]}],"lines":[{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.m1","source":"約束の 通り 七時に 参りました。","translation":"I came at seven as promised.","reading":"やくそくのとおりしちじにまいりました。","words":[{"text":"約束","gloss":"promise","reading":"やくそく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"as promised"},{"text":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"参り","gloss":"came","reading":"まいり"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.m2","source":"私の 言う 通りに すれば 間違いは ありません。","translation":"If you do as I say, you will not make a mistake.","reading":"わたくしのいうとおりにすればまちがいはありません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"just as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"間違い","gloss":"mistake","reading":"まちがい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.m2.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.01","source":"言われた 通りに します。","translation":"I will do as I was told.","reading":"いわれたとおりにします。","words":[{"text":"言わ","gloss":"was told","reading":"いわ"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was told"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was told"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"just as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.02","source":"僕の 言った 通りだ。","translation":"It is just as I said.","reading":"ぼくのいったとおりだ。","words":[{"text":"僕","gloss":"I","reading":"ぼく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"said","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"just as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.03","source":"私の 言う 通りに すれば 間違いは ない。","translation":"If you do as I say, you will not make a mistake.","reading":"わたくしのいうとおりにすればまちがいはない。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"just as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"すれ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"間違い","gloss":"mistake","reading":"まちがい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.04","source":"本とうに その 通りです。","translation":"That is really so.","reading":"ほんとうにそのとおりです。","words":[{"text":"本","gloss":"really","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"とう","gloss":"really"},{"text":"に","gloss":"really"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"way","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.05","source":"あなたから聞いた通り 日本は いい所です。","translation":"Just as I heard from you, Japan is a nice place.","reading":"あなたからきいたとおりにほんはいいところです。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"聞い","gloss":"heard","reading":"きい"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"just as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.06","source":"本の 通りに 書きたまえ。","translation":"Write it just as it is in the book.","reading":"ほんのとおりにかきたまえ。","words":[{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"just as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"書き","gloss":"write","reading":"かき"},{"text":"たまえ。","gloss":"imperative"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.07","source":"約束の 通り 五時に 参りました。","translation":"I came at five as promised.","reading":"やくそくのとおりごじにまいりました。","words":[{"text":"約束","gloss":"promise","reading":"やくそく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"as promised","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"五","gloss":"five","reading":"ご"},{"text":"時","gloss":"o’clock","reading":"じ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"参り","gloss":"came","reading":"まいり"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"七","gloss":"seven"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Matching descriptions and directions · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Directions that produce a result","paragraphs":["*あなたに 教えて もらった通り 行ったので、すぐ わかりました* means \"I went the way you told me, so I found it right away.\"","The action follows the directions expressed by the past verb before *通り*."]},{"title":"Progress according to plan","paragraphs":["*計画の 通りに じゅんびが すすんでいるそうです* means \"I hear the preparations are proceeding according to plan.\" The noun pattern *の 通りに* marks agreement with the plan."]}],"lines":[{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.08","source":"ヨセミテの けしきは この絵の 通り、すばらしいものです。","translation":"The scenery in Yosemite is as magnificent as it is in this picture.","reading":"ヨセミテのけしきはこのえのとおり、すばらしいものです。","words":[{"text":"ヨセミテ","gloss":"Yosemite"},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"けしき","gloss":"scenery"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"絵","gloss":"picture","reading":"え"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"通り、","gloss":"just as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"すばらしい","gloss":"magnificent"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.09","source":"スミスさん、あの 日本映画を 見に 行きましたか。","translation":"Mr. Smith, did you go to see that Japanese movie?","reading":"スミスさん、あのにほんえいがをみにいきましたか。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん、","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"went","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.10","source":"ええ、行きました。あなたが おっしゃった通り、とてもいい映画でした。","translation":"Yes, I did. Just as you said, it was a very good movie.","reading":"ええ、いきました。あなたがおっしゃったとおり、とてもいいえいがでした。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"went","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"おっしゃっ","gloss":"said"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"通り、","gloss":"just as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.11","source":"パーカーさんの 家が すぐわかりましたか。","translation":"Did you find Mr. Parker's house right away?","reading":"パーカーさんのいえがすぐわかりましたか。","words":[{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"object"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"right away"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"found"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.12","source":"ええ、あなたに 教えて もらった通り 行ったので、すぐ わかりました。","translation":"Yes, I went the way you told me, so I found it right away.","reading":"ええ、あなたにおしえてもらったとおりいったので、すぐわかりました。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"に","gloss":"from"},{"text":"教え","gloss":"taught","reading":"おしえ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"もらっ","gloss":"received"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"way","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"went","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"right away"},{"text":"わかり","gloss":"found"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.13","source":"ミラーさん、日光へ 遊びに 行きましたか。","translation":"Mr. Miller, did you go to Nikko for pleasure?","reading":"ミラーさん、にっこうへあそびにいきましたか。","words":[{"text":"ミラー","gloss":"Miller"},{"text":"さん、","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"日光","gloss":"Nikko","reading":"にっこう"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"遊び","gloss":"pleasure","reading":"あそび"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"went","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.14","source":"ええ、行きましたよ。日本語の 本に 書いて あった通りです。本とうに きれいな 所ですね。","translation":"Yes, I went.\nIt was just as it said in the Japanese book.\nIt really is a beautiful place, isn’t it?","reading":"ええ、いきましたよ。にほんごのほんにかいてあったとおりです。ほんとうにきれいなところですね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"went","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"written","reading":"かい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"あっ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"just as","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"本","gloss":"really","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"とう","gloss":"really"},{"text":"に","gloss":"really"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"beautiful"},{"text":"な","gloss":"describing"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.15","source":"千九百六十四年の オリンピックは 日本で あるのですが、オリンピックの じゅんびは どうですか。","translation":"The 1964 Olympics will be held in Japan, but how are the preparations for the Olympics going?","reading":"せんきゅうひゃくろくじゅうよねんのオリンピックはにほんであるのですが、オリンピックのじゅんびはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"千","gloss":"one thousand"},{"text":"九百","gloss":"nine hundred"},{"text":"六十","gloss":"sixty"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"オリンピック","gloss":"Olympics"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"be held"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"オリンピック","gloss":"Olympics"},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"じゅんび","gloss":"preparations"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.15.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.16","source":"計画の 通りに じゅんびが すすんでいるそうです。","translation":"I hear the preparations are proceeding according to plan.","reading":"けいかくのとおりにじゅんびがすすんでいるそうです。","words":[{"text":"計画","gloss":"plan","reading":"けいかく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"according to","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"じゅんび","gloss":"preparations"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"すすん","gloss":"proceeding"},{"text":"で","gloss":"proceeding"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"proceeding"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.16.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"けしき","gloss":"scenery"},{"word":"通り、","gloss":"street"},{"word":"すばらしい","gloss":"splendid, great, grand"},{"word":"映画","gloss":"movie"},{"word":"とても","gloss":"very, indeed"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"すぐ","gloss":"right away, immediately"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"千","gloss":"1,000"},{"word":"九百","gloss":"900"},{"word":"六十","gloss":"60"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"じゅんび","gloss":"preparation"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Confirming things went as expected · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Exactly as stated","paragraphs":["*本とうに その通りです* means \"That is exactly right.\" Here *その通り* confirms that the preceding description matches the fact.","*約束の 時間に 来ましたか* means \"Did you come at the agreed time?\" An answer with *通り* says that the arrival matched the promise."]}],"lines":[{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.17","source":"ジョンズさんは よく 働きますが、よく 勉強も しますね。","translation":"Mr. Jones works hard, and he studies hard too, doesn’t he?","reading":"ジョンズさんはよくはたらきますが、よくべんきょうもしますね。","words":[{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"hard"},{"text":"働き","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"hard"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.17.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.18","source":"本とうに その通りです。","translation":"That is exactly right.","reading":"ほんとうにそのとおりです。","words":[{"text":"本","gloss":"exactly","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"とう","gloss":"exactly"},{"text":"に","gloss":"exactly"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"通り","gloss":"way","reading":"とおり"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.19","source":"日光は きれいですか。（映画で見ました）","translation":"Is Nikko beautiful?\n(I saw it in a movie.)","reading":"にっこうはきれいですか。（えいがでみました）","words":[{"text":"日光","gloss":"Nikko","reading":"にっこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"beautiful"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"（映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"見","gloss":"saw","reading":"み"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た）","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.20","source":"いい天気に なりましたか。（あなたが言いました）","translation":"Did the weather turn fine?\n(You said it would.)","reading":"いいてんきになりましたか。（あなたがいいました）","words":[{"text":"いい","gloss":"fine"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"（あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"said","reading":"いい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た）","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.20.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.21","source":"雨に なりましたか。（ラジオで聞きました）","translation":"Did it start raining?\n(I heard it on the radio.)","reading":"あめになりましたか。（ラジオでききました）","words":[{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"（ラジオ","gloss":"radio"},{"text":"で","gloss":"on"},{"text":"聞き","gloss":"heard","reading":"きき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た）","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.21.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.22","source":"オリンピックの じゅんびは どうですか。（計画）","translation":"How are the preparations for the Olympics going?\n(According to plan.)","reading":"オリンピックのじゅんびはどうですか。（けいかく）","words":[{"text":"オリンピック","gloss":"Olympics"},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"じゅんび","gloss":"preparations"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"（計画）","gloss":"plan","reading":"けいかく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.22.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt1.23","source":"約束の 時間に 来ましたか。（約束しました）","translation":"Did you come at the agreed time?\n(As you promised.)","reading":"やくそくのじかんにきましたか。（やくそくしました）","words":[{"text":"約束","gloss":"promise","reading":"やくそく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"time","reading":"じかん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"（約束","gloss":"promise","reading":"やくそく"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た）","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt1.23.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"（映画","gloss":"movie"},{"word":"（ラジオ","gloss":"radio"},{"word":"時間","gloss":"hour, time"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Continuing changes over time · Pattern 2 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Change that continues","paragraphs":["*日本の人口は ぞうかする 一方です* means \"Japan's population keeps on increasing.\" The dictionary form *ぞうかする* comes before *一方です*.","The same pattern presents many continuing changes. *輸入量が ぞうかする一方です* means \"The volume of imports keeps on increasing.\""]},{"title":"Different directions","paragraphs":["The direction can be growth or decline. *品物は 高くなる一方です* says goods keep getting more expensive. *日が みじかくなる一方です* says the days keep getting shorter."]}],"lines":[{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt2.m1","source":"日本の人口は ぞうかする 一方です。","translation":"Japan’s population keeps on increasing.","reading":"にほんのじんこうはぞうかするいっぽうです。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"人口","gloss":"population","reading":"じんこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ぞう","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"か","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt2.01","source":"品物は 高くなる一方です。","translation":"Goods keep on getting more expensive.","reading":"しなものはたかくなるいっぽうです。","words":[{"text":"品物","gloss":"goods","reading":"しなもの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"高く","gloss":"more expensive","reading":"たかく"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt2.02","source":"人口は ふえる一方です。","translation":"The population keeps on growing.","reading":"じんこうはふえるいっぽうです。","words":[{"text":"人口","gloss":"population","reading":"じんこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ふえる","gloss":"grow"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt2.03","source":"病人は 悪くなる一方です。","translation":"The patient keeps on getting worse.","reading":"びょうにんはわるくなるいっぽうです。","words":[{"text":"病人","gloss":"patient","reading":"びょうにん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"悪く","gloss":"worse","reading":"わるく"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt2.04","source":"僕の 自動車は 古くなる一方です。","translation":"My car keeps on getting older.","reading":"ぼくのじどうしゃはふるくなるいっぽうです。","words":[{"text":"僕","gloss":"I","reading":"ぼく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"古く","gloss":"older","reading":"ふるく"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt2.05","source":"六月の 終りごろから 日が みじかくなる一方です。","translation":"From around the end of June, the days keep on getting shorter.","reading":"ろくがつのおわりごろからひがみじかくなるいっぽうです。","words":[{"text":"六","gloss":"June","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"月","gloss":"June","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"終りごろ","gloss":"around the end","reading":"おわりごろ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"みじかく","gloss":"shorter"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt2.05.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt2.06","source":"日本語は むずかしくなる一方です。","translation":"Japanese keeps on getting more difficult.","reading":"にほんごはむずかしくなるいっぽうです。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかしく","gloss":"more difficult"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt2.07","source":"うちの 子供は ふとる一方です。","translation":"Our child keeps on gaining weight.","reading":"うちのこどもはふとるいっぽうです。","words":[{"text":"うち","gloss":"our"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ふとる","gloss":"gain weight"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt2.07.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt2.08","source":"輸入量が ぞうかする一方です。","translation":"The volume of imports keeps on increasing.","reading":"ゆにゅうりょうがぞうかするいっぽうです。","words":[{"text":"輸入","gloss":"imports","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"量","gloss":"volume","reading":"りょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ぞう","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"か","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"する","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt2.09","source":"日本は 人口が ふえる一方ですから、今から 二三十年後には 困るでしょうね。","translation":"Since Japan’s population keeps on growing, there will probably be problems twenty or thirty years from now.","reading":"にほんはじんこうがふえるいっぽうですから、いまからにさんじゅうねんごにはこまるでしょうね。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"人口","gloss":"population","reading":"じんこう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ふえる","gloss":"grow"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"二三十","gloss":"twenty or thirty"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years"},{"text":"後","gloss":"later"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"困る","gloss":"have problems","reading":"こまる"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt2.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"品物","gloss":"goods, merchandise"},{"word":"病人","gloss":"sick person, patient"},{"word":"車","gloss":"vehicle, car"},{"word":"うち","gloss":"home, house"},{"word":"ふとる","gloss":"to become stout (v.i.)"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Ongoing growth and change · Pattern 2 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"From now on","paragraphs":["*日本語は これから むずかしくなる一方だよ* means \"From now on, Japanese will keep getting harder.\" *これから* sets the starting period for the continuing change.","*これから クリスマスまで いそがしくなる一方です* sets both ends of the period. The store will keep getting busier until Christmas."]},{"title":"Development that continues","paragraphs":["*この町は はってんする一方ですね* means \"This town keeps on developing, doesn't it?\" The new factories provide the reason for that continuing development."]}],"lines":[{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt2.10","source":"そうですね。めんせきは ふえないが、人口が ふえる一方ですからね。","translation":"That’s right.\nThe land area does not increase, but the population keeps on growing.","reading":"そうですね。めんせきはふえないが、じんこうがふえるいっぽうですからね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is right"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"めんせき","gloss":"land area"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ふえ","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"人口","gloss":"population","reading":"じんこう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ふえる","gloss":"grow"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt2.11","source":"お子さんは いくつですか。","translation":"How old is your child?","reading":"おこさんはいくつですか。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"your child"},{"text":"子","gloss":"your child","reading":"こ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"your child"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いく","gloss":"how old"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"how old"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt2.11.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt2.12","source":"十三です。","translation":"Thirteen.","reading":"じゅうさんです。","words":[{"text":"十","gloss":"thirteen","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"三","gloss":"thirteen","reading":"さん"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt2.12.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt2.13","source":"それでは まだ大きくなる一方ですね。","translation":"Then your child still has a lot of growing to do.","reading":"それではまだおおきくなるいっぽうですね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"then"},{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は","gloss":"then"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"大きく","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt2.13.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt2.14","source":"先生、私は 日本語を もう六か月勉強していますが、ちっとも やさしくなりません。","translation":"Teacher, I have been studying Japanese for six months now, but it has not gotten any easier at all.","reading":"せんせい、わたくしはにほんごをもうろっかげつべんきょうしていますが、ちっともやさしくなりません。","words":[{"text":"先生、","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"now"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six"},{"text":"か月","gloss":"months"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"い","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ちっとも","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"やさしく","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt2.14.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt2.15","source":"日本語は これから むずかしくなる一方だよ。","translation":"From now on, Japanese will just keep getting harder.","reading":"にほんごはこれからむずかしくなるいっぽうだよ。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"むずかしく","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt2.15.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt2.16","source":"あなたの お店は いそがしそうですね。","translation":"Your store looks busy, doesn’t it?","reading":"あなたのおみせはいそがしそうですね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"お","gloss":"store"},{"text":"店","gloss":"store","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いそがし","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"looks"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt2.16.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt2.17","source":"ええ、少し いそがしくなりました。これから クリスマスまで いそがしくなる一方です。","translation":"Yes, it has gotten a little busy.\nFrom now until Christmas, it will just keep getting busier.","reading":"ええ、すこしいそがしくなりました。これからクリスマスまでいそがしくなるいっぽうです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"いそがしく","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"クリスマス","gloss":"Christmas"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"いそがしく","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt2.17.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt2.18","source":"この町は はってんする一方ですね。","translation":"This town keeps on developing, doesn’t it?","reading":"このまちははってんするいっぽうですね。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"町","gloss":"town","reading":"まち"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"はってん","gloss":"develop"},{"text":"する","gloss":"develop"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt2.18.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L075.pt2.19","source":"ええ、新しい工場が 沢山 出来ましたからね。","translation":"Yes, because many new factories have been built.","reading":"ええ、あたらしいこうじょうがたくさんできましたからね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"工場","gloss":"factories","reading":"こうじょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"built","reading":"でき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.pt2.19.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"めんせき","gloss":"area, dimension"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"},{"word":"ちっとも","gloss":"not even a little (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"町","gloss":"town"},{"word":"工場","gloss":"factory"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Japanese crops and farming methods · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Farming methods and products","paragraphs":["The passage links limited land to the development of agricultural methods. It says those methods suit small-scale vegetable farming, but not large-scale farming.","*日本の おもな 農産物には どんな物が ありますか* means \"What are Japan's principal agricultural products?\" An answer names *米、麦、さつまいも、くだ物、茶など*."]}],"lines":[{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L075.q.001","source":"日本の 百しょうにとって 一番 むずかしい事は かぎられた土地で 食糧を じゅう分 作らなければ ならない事です。しかし、それが 日本農業の ぎじゅつの 発達を たすけたのです。このぎじゅつは 米国でも やさいさいばいの 小きぼの 農業には 役に立つでしょうが、大きぼの 農業には てきしません。日本の おもな 農産物には、米、麦、さつまいも、くだ物、茶などが あります。米は 前には 外国から 沢山 輸入していましたが、今日では、米の 輸入は ほとんどありません。","translation":"The most difficult thing for Japanese farmers is having to produce enough food on a limited amount of land.\nHowever, this helped Japanese agricultural technology develop.\nThis technology would also be useful in the United States for small-scale farming that grows vegetables, but it is not suited to large-scale farming.\nJapan’s principal agricultural products include rice, wheat, sweet potatoes, fruit, and tea.\nA great deal of rice used to be imported from abroad, but today there are almost no rice imports.","reading":"にほんのひゃくしょうにとっていちばんむずかしいことはかぎられたとちでしょくりょうをじゅうぶんつくらなければならないことです。しかし、それがにほんのうぎょうのぎじゅつのはったつをたすけたのです。このぎじゅつはべいこくでもやさいさいばいのしょうきぼののうぎょうにはやくにたつでしょうが、だいきぼののうぎょうにはてきしません。にほんのおもなのうさんぶつには、こめ、むぎ、さつまいも、くだもの、ちゃなどがあります。こめはまえにはがいこくからたくさんゆにゅうしていましたが、こんにちでは、こめのゆにゅうはほとんどありません。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"百しょう","gloss":"farmers","reading":"ひゃくしょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かぎら","gloss":"limited"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"limited"},{"text":"た","gloss":"limited"},{"text":"土地","gloss":"land","reading":"とち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"on"},{"text":"食糧","gloss":"food","reading":"しょくりょう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"じゅう","gloss":"enough"},{"text":"分","gloss":"enough","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"作ら","gloss":"produce","reading":"つくら"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"must"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"must"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"農業","gloss":"agriculture","reading":"のうぎょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ぎじゅつ","gloss":"technology"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"発達","gloss":"development","reading":"はったつ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たすけ","gloss":"helped"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"ぎじゅつ","gloss":"technology"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"やさい","gloss":"vegetable"},{"text":"さいばい","gloss":"cultivation"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"小","gloss":"small-scale","reading":"しょう"},{"text":"き","gloss":"small-scale"},{"text":"ぼ","gloss":"small-scale"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"農業","gloss":"farming","reading":"のうぎょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"役","gloss":"useful","reading":"やく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"useful"},{"text":"立つ","gloss":"useful","reading":"たつ"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"大","gloss":"large-scale","reading":"だい"},{"text":"き","gloss":"large-scale"},{"text":"ぼ","gloss":"large-scale"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"農業","gloss":"farming","reading":"のうぎょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"てきし","gloss":"suited"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"おもな","gloss":"principal"},{"text":"農産","gloss":"agricultural products","reading":"のうさん"},{"text":"物","gloss":"agricultural products","reading":"ぶつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米、","gloss":"rice","reading":"こめ"},{"text":"麦、","gloss":"wheat","reading":"むぎ"},{"text":"さつま","gloss":"sweet potatoes"},{"text":"いも、","gloss":"sweet potatoes"},{"text":"くだ","gloss":"fruit"},{"text":"物、","gloss":"fruit","reading":"もの"},{"text":"茶","gloss":"tea","reading":"ちゃ"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and so on"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"米","gloss":"rice","reading":"こめ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"前","gloss":"formerly","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"abroad","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"much","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"import","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"い","gloss":"be"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"こんにち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米","gloss":"rice","reading":"こめ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"imports","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ほとんど","gloss":"almost none"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.q.001.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L075.q.002","source":"日本の 百しょうにとって 一番むずかしい事は 何ですか。","translation":"What is the most difficult thing for Japanese farmers?","reading":"にほんのひゃくしょうにとっていちばんむずかしいことはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"百しょう","gloss":"farmers","reading":"ひゃくしょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.q.002.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L075.q.003","source":"それは 何を たすけましたか。","translation":"What did that help?","reading":"それはなにをたすけましたか。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たすけ","gloss":"help"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.q.003.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L075.q.004","source":"この ぎじゅつは 米国でも 役に立ちますか。","translation":"Is this technology useful in the United States too?","reading":"このぎじゅつはべいこくでもやくにたちますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"ぎじゅつ","gloss":"technology"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"役","gloss":"useful","reading":"やく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"useful"},{"text":"立ち","gloss":"useful","reading":"たち"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.q.004.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L075.q.005","source":"日本の おもな 農産物には どんな物が ありますか。","translation":"What are Japan’s principal agricultural products?","reading":"にほんのおもなのうさんぶつにはどんなものがありますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"おもな","gloss":"principal"},{"text":"農産","gloss":"agricultural products","reading":"のうさん"},{"text":"物","gloss":"agricultural products","reading":"ぶつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"物","gloss":"products","reading":"もの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.q.005.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L075.q.006","source":"米は 前には 外国から 沢山 輸入していましたか。","translation":"Was a great deal of rice imported from abroad in the past?","reading":"こめはまえにはがいこくからたくさんゆにゅうしていましたか。","words":[{"text":"米","gloss":"rice","reading":"こめ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"前","gloss":"past","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"外国","gloss":"abroad","reading":"がいこく"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"much","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"import","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"い","gloss":"be"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.q.006.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L075.q.007","source":"今日では どうですか。","translation":"How is it today?","reading":"こんにちではどうですか。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"こんにち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.q.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"一番","gloss":"number one (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"なら","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"やさい","gloss":"vegetable"},{"word":"麦、","gloss":"wheat, barley, oats (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"前","gloss":"before, front"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Future food imports · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Reasons for future imports","paragraphs":["The questions ask why food imports continue although rice imports have declined. Wheat imports are rising, farmland cannot expand, and population growth continues.","*なぜ 食料品の 輸入が これからも つづきますか* means \"Why will food imports continue from now on?\" The answer joins the limits on farmland with *人口も ぞうかする 一方ですから*."]}],"lines":[{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L075.q.008","source":"今日では 食糧が 足りているから、米を 輸入していないのですか。","translation":"Is rice not imported today because there is enough food?","reading":"こんにちではしょくりょうがたりているから、こめをゆにゅうしていないのですか。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"こんにち"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"食糧","gloss":"food","reading":"しょくりょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"足り","gloss":"enough","reading":"たり"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"be"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"米","gloss":"rice","reading":"こめ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"import","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"い","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.q.008.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L075.q.009","source":"では、なぜですか。","translation":"Then why not?","reading":"では、なぜですか。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.q.009.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L075.q.010","source":"小麦の 輸入は どうですか。","translation":"What about wheat imports?","reading":"むぎのゆにゅうはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"小麦","gloss":"wheat","reading":"むぎ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"imports","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.q.010.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L075.q.011","source":"食料品の 輸入は これから どうなりますか。","translation":"What will happen to food imports from now on?","reading":"しょくりょうひんのゆにゅうはこれからどうなりますか。","words":[{"text":"食料","gloss":"food products","reading":"しょくりょう"},{"text":"品","gloss":"food products","reading":"ひん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"imports","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.q.011.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L075.q.012","source":"なぜ 食料品の 輸入が これからも つづきますか。","translation":"Why will food imports continue from now on?","reading":"なぜしょくりょうひんのゆにゅうがこれからもつづきますか。","words":[{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"食料","gloss":"food products","reading":"しょくりょう"},{"text":"品","gloss":"food products","reading":"ひん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"imports","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"つづき","gloss":"continue"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.q.012.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L075.q.013","source":"それで、食糧が 足りているという訳じゃないんですが、米いがいの 食料品を 輸入しているからです。米の 輸入は げんしょうしましたが、近年 小麦の 輸入が ひじょうに ぞうかしています。日本は 農業用地の ぞうかも かんがえられないし、人口も ぞうかする 一方ですから、食料品の 輸入は これからずっと つづく事でしょう。","translation":"So it does not mean that there is enough food; it is because food products other than rice are being imported.\nRice imports have decreased, but in recent years wheat imports have increased greatly.\nSince Japan cannot expect an increase in farmland and its population keeps on growing, food imports will probably continue for a long time to come.","reading":"それで、しょくりょうがたりているというわけじゃないんですが、こめいがいのしょくりょうひんをゆにゅうしているからです。こめのゆにゅうはげんしょうしましたが、きんねんむぎのゆにゅうがひじょうにぞうかしています。にほんはのうぎょうようちのぞうかもかんがえられないし、じんこうもぞうかするいっぽうですから、しょくりょうひんのゆにゅうはこれからずっとつづくことでしょう。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"so"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"so"},{"text":"食糧","gloss":"food","reading":"しょくりょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"足り","gloss":"enough","reading":"たり"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"be"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"say"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"じゃ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"米","gloss":"rice","reading":"こめ"},{"text":"いがい","gloss":"other than"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"食料","gloss":"food products","reading":"しょくりょう"},{"text":"品","gloss":"food products","reading":"ひん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"import","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"be"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"米","gloss":"rice","reading":"こめ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"imports","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"げんしょう","gloss":"decrease"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"近年","gloss":"recent years","reading":"きんねん"},{"text":"小麦","gloss":"wheat","reading":"むぎ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"imports","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ひじょう","gloss":"greatly"},{"text":"に","gloss":"greatly"},{"text":"ぞう","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"か","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"い","gloss":"be"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"農業","gloss":"agricultural","reading":"のうぎょう"},{"text":"用","gloss":"use","reading":"よう"},{"text":"地","gloss":"land","reading":"ち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ぞう","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"か","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"かんがえ","gloss":"expect"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"人口","gloss":"population","reading":"じんこう"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ぞう","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"か","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"する","gloss":"increase"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"食料","gloss":"food products","reading":"しょくりょう"},{"text":"品","gloss":"food products","reading":"ひん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"輸入","gloss":"imports","reading":"ゆにゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"ずっと","gloss":"for long"},{"text":"つづく","gloss":"continue"},{"text":"事","gloss":"fact","reading":"こと"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.q.013.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"なぜ","gloss":"why?"},{"word":"つづく","gloss":"to last, continue"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Limits, usefulness and scale · Word list 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Land, food, and farming scale","paragraphs":["This set covers limited land, food, usefulness, cultivation, and farming scale. *食糧* means \"food\".","*きぼ* means \"scale\" or \"scope\", while *大きぼ* means \"large scale\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.001","source":"かぎられた","translation":"limited","reading":"かぎられた","words":[{"text":"かぎられた","gloss":"limited"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.001.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.002","source":"かぎる","translation":"limit (v.t,)","reading":"かぎる","words":[{"text":"かぎる","gloss":"limit"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.002.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.003","source":"食糧","translation":"food","reading":"しょくりょう","words":[{"text":"食糧","gloss":"food","reading":"しょくりょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.003.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.004","source":"たすける","translation":"aid, help, rescue(Vt)","reading":"たすける","words":[{"text":"たすける","gloss":"help"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.004.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.005","source":"役に立つ","translation":"be useful","reading":"やくにたつ","words":[{"text":"役に立つ","gloss":"be useful","reading":"やくにたつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.005.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.006","source":"--というと","translation":"I don’t quite understand, what do you mean by that?","reading":"--というと","words":[{"text":"--というと","gloss":"what do you mean"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.006.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.007","source":"きぼ","translation":"scale, scope","reading":"きぼ","words":[{"text":"きぼ","gloss":"scale"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.007.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.008","source":"で","translation":"therefore","reading":"で","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"therefore"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.008.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.009","source":"大きぼ","translation":"large scale","reading":"だいきぼ","words":[{"text":"大きぼ","gloss":"large scale","reading":"だいきぼ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.009.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.010","source":"てきする","translation":"be suited; suit; be becoming (vi)","reading":"てきする","words":[{"text":"てきする","gloss":"be suited"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.010.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.011","source":"さいばい(する)","translation":"cultivation, culture (grow, raise, cultivate (v.t.)","reading":"さいばい(する)","words":[{"text":"さいばい(する)","gloss":"cultivation"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.011.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.012","source":"農産物","translation":"agricultural products; farm produce, rice; (See Cult. Note)","reading":"のうさんぶつ","words":[{"text":"農産物","gloss":"agricultural products","reading":"のうさんぶつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"かぎられた","gloss":"limited"},{"word":"かぎる","gloss":"limit (v.t,)"},{"word":"たすける","gloss":"aid, help, rescue(Vt)"},{"word":"役に立つ","gloss":"be useful"},{"word":"--というと","gloss":"I don’t quite understand, what do you mean by that?"},{"word":"きぼ","gloss":"scale, scope"},{"word":"大きぼ","gloss":"large scale"},{"word":"てきする","gloss":"be suited; suit; be becoming (vi)"},{"word":"さいばい(する)","gloss":"cultivation, culture (grow, raise, cultivate (v.t.)"},{"word":"農産物","gloss":"agricultural products; farm produce, rice; (See Cult. Note)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Grains, crops and recent trends · Word list 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Crops and recent changes","paragraphs":["This set covers grains, crops, recent increases, and amounts. *麦* includes wheat, barley, and oats, while *小麦* means \"wheat\".","*量* means \"amount\" and can end a compound noun."]}],"lines":[{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.013","source":"--に --に","translation":"and (See Note)","reading":"--に--に","words":[{"text":"--に--に","gloss":"and"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.013.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.014","source":"麦","translation":"wheat, barley, oats (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"むぎ","words":[{"text":"麦","gloss":"wheat","reading":"むぎ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.014.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.015","source":"さつまいも","translation":"sweet potatoes-","reading":"さつまいも","words":[{"text":"さつまいも","gloss":"sweet potatoes"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.015.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.016","source":"茶","translation":"tea","reading":"ちゃ","words":[{"text":"茶","gloss":"tea","reading":"ちゃ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.016.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.017","source":"ゆうこうに","translation":"effectively","reading":"ゆうこうに","words":[{"text":"ゆうこうに","gloss":"effectively"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.017.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.018","source":"今日","translation":"these days; today","reading":"こんにち","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"こんにち"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.018.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.019","source":"いがい(の)","translation":"other than","reading":"いがい(の)","words":[{"text":"いがい(の)","gloss":"other than"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.019.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.020","source":"近年","translation":"recent years","reading":"きんねん","words":[{"text":"近年","gloss":"recent years","reading":"きんねん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.020.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.021","source":"小麦","translation":"wheat","reading":"こむぎ","words":[{"text":"小麦","gloss":"wheat","reading":"こむぎ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.021.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.022","source":"ひじょうに","translation":"very much, greatly","reading":"ひじょうに","words":[{"text":"ひじょうに","gloss":"greatly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.022.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.023","source":"ぞうか(する)","translation":"increase (increase) (vi)","reading":"ぞうか(する)","words":[{"text":"ぞうか(する)","gloss":"increase"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.023.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.024","source":"量","translation":"amount (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"りょう","words":[{"text":"量","gloss":"amount","reading":"りょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"--に--に","gloss":"and (See Note)"},{"word":"さつまいも","gloss":"sweet potatoes-"},{"word":"ゆうこうに","gloss":"effectively"},{"word":"いがい(の)","gloss":"other than"},{"word":"ひじょうに","gloss":"very much, greatly"},{"word":"ぞうか(する)","gloss":"increase (increase) (vi)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Imports, production and change · Word list 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Import amounts and change","paragraphs":["This set covers import amounts, annual change, accordance, continuing increase, production, and decrease. *輸入量* means \"amount of import\".","*ぞうかする一方です* means \"keeps on increasing\", while *げんしょう* means \"reduction\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.025","source":"輸入量","translation":"amount of import","reading":"ゆにゅうりょう","words":[{"text":"輸入量","gloss":"import volume","reading":"ゆにゅうりょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.025.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.026","source":"年々","translation":"yearly","reading":"ねんねん","words":[{"text":"年々","gloss":"yearly","reading":"ねんねん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.026.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.027","source":"トン","translation":"ton (See Cult. Notes","reading":"トン","words":[{"text":"トン","gloss":"ton"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.027.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.028","source":"---の通りです","translation":"as”, ”like” (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"---のとおりです","words":[{"text":"---の通りです","gloss":"as","reading":"---のとおりです"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.028.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.029","source":"ぞうかする一方です","translation":"keeps' on increasing","reading":"ぞうかするいっぽうです","words":[{"text":"ぞうかする一方です","gloss":"keeps increasing","reading":"ぞうかするいっぽうです"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.029.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.030","source":"---一方","translation":"keep on (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"---いっぽう","words":[{"text":"---一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"---いっぽう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.030.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.031","source":"それかと言って","translation":"but, on the other hand, even then","reading":"それかといって","words":[{"text":"それかと言って","gloss":"but even so","reading":"それかといって"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.031.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.032","source":"生産","translation":"production","reading":"せいさん","words":[{"text":"生産","gloss":"production","reading":"せいさん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.032.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.033","source":"ぞうかする訳もありますまい","translation":"there probably is no reason to believe that (it will) increase","reading":"ぞうかするわけもありますまい","words":[{"text":"ぞうかする訳もありますまい","gloss":"probably will not increase","reading":"ぞうかするわけもありますまい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.033.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.034","source":"げんしょう(する)","translation":"reduction (to decrease)","reading":"げんしょう(する)","words":[{"text":"げんしょう(する)","gloss":"decrease"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.034.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L075.w.035","source":"---一方","translation":"keep on (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"---いっぽう","words":[{"text":"---一方","gloss":"keep on","reading":"---いっぽう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L075.w.035.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":7,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\nF,\n\nGuide for Free Conversation,\n\nTopic Titles\n\na.\n\nTalk about vegetable farming in Japan—farm produce,\n\nwhat has to be imported, etc.\n\nb.\n\nCompare vegetable farming in Japan and that of the\n\nUnited States.\n\nTalk about the rice situation in Japan,\n\nVisual Cues\n\na.\n\nLook at the pictures on Pages 162 to 164\n\nand talk about them."},{"section":8,"text":"Homework\n\nJ.\n\nHomework\n\n1.\n\nMemorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.\n\n2.\n\nStudy Grammar Perception Drill.\n\n3.\n\nStudy Pattern Practice and do the exercises following\n\neach pattern.\n\n4.\n\nLearn to read and write new Kanji.\n\n5.\n\nRead the Reading Selection and answer the questions\n\ngiven based on the Reading Selection.\n\n6.\n\nRead the Explanatory Notes.\n\n7.\n\nRead the Guide for Free Conversation and practice\n\nexercises given."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"輸入量","gloss":"amount of import"},{"word":"---の通りです","gloss":"”as”, ”like” (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ぞうかする一方です","gloss":"keeps' on increasing"},{"word":"---一方","gloss":"keep on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"それかと言って","gloss":"but, on the other hand, even then"},{"word":"ぞうかする訳もありますまい","gloss":"there probably is no reason to believe that (it will) increase"},{"word":"げんしょう(する)","gloss":"reduction (to decrease)"}],"paradigms":[]}]}