{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L076","title":"Lesson 76","stage":"Reading Japan","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 76: rice crops and planting season · dialogue 1 of 4, transplanting rice seedlings · dialogue 2 of 4, planting rice in rainy weather · dialogue 3 of 4, celebrating the rice planting · dialogue 4 of 4, immediate everyday actions · perception drill, one event following another · pattern 1 1 of 3, immediate actions in conversation · pattern 1 2 of 3, immediate action cues · pattern 1 3 of 3, differences by place and person · pattern 2 1 of 3, saying what things depend on · pattern 2 2 of 3, how conditions vary · pattern 2 3 of 3, growing and planting rice · questions 1 of 2, harvests, rice plants, rain, celebrations.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/74","lines":145},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/73","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/75","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Rice crops and planting season · Dialogue 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Rice across Japan","paragraphs":["Two speakers discuss the crops grown throughout Japan and the season for planting rice.","*日本中いたる所で 作っている物と 言えば、米と麦ですか* means \"Speaking of things grown throughout Japan, are they rice and wheat?\"","Rice and wheat are the main crops, and sweet potatoes are also grown nationwide."]},{"title":"Planting rice in a paddy","paragraphs":["The first step in growing rice is to sow the seeds in a nursery in April.","Farmers prepare the paddy, then move the seedlings into it in May or June. This transplanting is *田植*, \"rice transplanting\".","*六月中旬から 下旬までです* means \"It is from the middle to the end of June.\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 植, 旬, 種","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 田, 下","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L076.dlg.001","source":"“田植”","translation":"Rice Planting","reading":"“うえ”","words":[{"text":"“","gloss":"opening quote"},{"text":"田植”","gloss":"rice planting","reading":"うえ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L076.dlg.002","source":"日本中いたる所で 作っている物と 言えば、米と麦ですか。","translation":"Speaking of things grown throughout Japan, are they rice and wheat?","reading":"にほんじゅういたるところでつくっているものといえば、こめとむぎですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"throughout Japan"},{"text":"中","gloss":"throughout Japan"},{"text":"いたる","gloss":"everywhere"},{"text":"所","gloss":"everywhere","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"作っ","gloss":"are grown","reading":"つくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are grown"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are grown"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"speaking of","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"speaking of"},{"text":"米","gloss":"rice","reading":"こめ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"麦","gloss":"wheat","reading":"むぎ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L076.dlg.003","source":"ええ、おもな物では 米と麦です。さつまいもも 全国てきです。","translation":"Yes, the main ones are rice and wheat. Sweet potatoes are also grown nationwide.","reading":"ええ、おもなものではこめとむぎです。さつまいももぜんこくてきです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"おもな","gloss":"main"},{"text":"物","gloss":"ones","reading":"もの"},{"text":"で","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米","gloss":"rice","reading":"こめ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"麦","gloss":"wheat","reading":"むぎ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"},{"text":"さつま","gloss":"sweet potatoes"},{"text":"いも","gloss":"sweet potatoes"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"全国","gloss":"nationwide","reading":"ぜんこく"},{"text":"てき","gloss":"nationwide"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are grown"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L076.dlg.004","source":"田植は 何月ですか。","translation":"What month is rice planting?","reading":"うえはなんがつですか。","words":[{"text":"田植","gloss":"rice planting","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what month","reading":"なん"},{"text":"月","gloss":"what month","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L076.dlg.005","source":"六月中旬から 下旬までです。","translation":"It is from the middle to the end of June.","reading":"ろくがつちゅうじゅんからげじゅんまでです。","words":[{"text":"六","gloss":"June"},{"text":"月","gloss":"June"},{"text":"中旬","gloss":"middle"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"下旬","gloss":"end","reading":"げじゅん"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"to"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L076.dlg.006","source":"その時に 種を まくのですか。","translation":"Do they sow the seeds then?","reading":"そのときにたねをまくのですか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"種","gloss":"seeds","reading":"たね"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"まく","gloss":"sow"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"do"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"I,\n\nExplanatory Notes, continued.\n\n—-NI YCrPTE\n\n’* depending on----- ”\n\nFollowing nouns NI YOTTE expresses an idea of\n\n’’depending on —”, or ’’depending upon\n\nExamples:\n\nHI NI YOTTE ATSUI DESU.\n\n’’Depending upon the day, it is hot.”\n\nHITO NI YOTTE HAYAKU NARAIMASU.\n\n’’Depending upon the person, he learns fast.”\n\nMISE NI YOTTE SHINAMONO GA TAKAI DESU.\n\n’’Depending upon the store, goods are expensive.”\n\nTOSHI NI YOTTE. ATSUI TOKI MO ARIMASU.\n\n’’Depending on the year, there are times when it\n\nis hot.”\n\nI.\n\nExplanatory Notes, continued.\n\nCultural Notes:\n\nwhile it is 37,700 lbs. in Japan.\n\nTSUYU or Rainy season.\n\nFrom the early part of June to the early part of\n\nJuly is known as the rainy season in Japan.\n\nHowever, this\n\nrainy season comes early in the southern part of Japan\n\nand later in the northern part of Japan.\n\nI.\n\nExplanatory Notes, continued.\n\nTypical weather during this season is a cloudy\n\nsky, high humidity and intermittent rain.\n\nRain during\n\nthis season is very important for rice transplanting and\n\nhydro-electricity.\n\nHowever, the heavy rain toward the end\n\nof the rainy season may cause floods, mountain slides, and\n\nother disasters."},{"section":2,"text":"*\n\nTAUE.\n\nThe first step in rice cultivation is the sowing\n\nof rice seeds in a nursery in April.\n\nThe farmers then\n\nprepare the rice paddy using a hand tractor or plough\n\npulled by oxen.\n\nIn May or June the seedlings are trans-\n\nplanted in the paddy fields.\n\nIn most South-East Asian\n\ncountries, the rice is sown directly in the paddies.\n\nBecause of transplanting, however, the rice yield per unit\n\narea is very high in Japan.\n\nTo be more specific, the\n\naverage yield of rice per acre is about 15,000 lbs. in\n\nJava, about 13,000 lbs. in Thailand, 11,000 lbs. in the\n\nPhilippines"},{"section":3,"text":"NEKO NO TE DEMO KARITAI.\n\nNEKO NO TE means ’’paws of a cat”, so the ex-\n\npression NEKO NO TE DEMO KARITAI literally means ’’want to\n\nborrow even paws of a cat.”\n\nThis expression is used when\n\nyou are so busy and short-handed that you want to borrow\n\neven the paws of a cat which are considered to be very\n\nuseless."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"田植”","gloss":"rice transplanting (See Cult Notes)"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"麦","gloss":"wheat, barley, oats (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"月","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"六","gloss":"six"},{"word":"中旬","gloss":"middle 10 days of a month"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"下旬","gloss":"last 10 days of a month"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"まく","gloss":"to spread, scatter, sow seeds"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Transplanting rice seedlings · Dialogue 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"From nursery to paddy","paragraphs":["*田植というのは 大抵 なわしろに そだった いねの なえを 水田に 植えかえる事です* means \"Rice planting usually means transplanting rice seedlings grown in a nursery bed into a rice paddy.\"","*四月の 下旬から 五月上旬に かけてです* means \"From late April through early May.\" Farmers sow the seed rice during this period.","Rice planting begins as soon as the barley and wheat harvest ends."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L076.dlg.007","source":"いいえ、そうじゃ ありません。田植というのは 大抵 なわしろに そだった いねの なえを 水田に 植えかえる事です。","translation":"No, that isn't so. Rice planting usually means transplanting rice seedlings grown in a nursery bed into a rice paddy.","reading":"いいえ、そうじゃありません。うえというのはたいていなわしろにそだったいねのなえをすいでんにうえかえることです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"じゃ","gloss":"is not"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is not"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"is not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"is not"},{"text":"田植","gloss":"rice planting","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"の","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"なわ","gloss":"nursery bed"},{"text":"しろ","gloss":"nursery bed"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"そだっ","gloss":"grown"},{"text":"た","gloss":"grown"},{"text":"いね","gloss":"rice plants"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"なえ","gloss":"seedlings"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"水田","gloss":"rice paddy","reading":"すいでん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"植えかえる","gloss":"transplanting","reading":"うえかえる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L076.dlg.008","source":"そうですか。それでは なわしろに 種もみを まくのは。","translation":"I see. Then when do they sow the seed rice in the nursery bed?","reading":"そうですか。それではなわしろにたねもみをまくのは。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"I see"},{"text":"です","gloss":"I see"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"I see"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"then"},{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は","gloss":"then"},{"text":"なわ","gloss":"nursery bed"},{"text":"しろ","gloss":"nursery bed"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"種もみ","gloss":"seed rice","reading":"たねもみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"まく","gloss":"sow"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act"},{"text":"は。","gloss":"as for"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L076.dlg.009","source":"四月の 下旬から 五月上旬に かけてです。","translation":"From late April through early May.","reading":"しがつのげじゅんからごがつじょうじゅんにかけてです。","words":[{"text":"四","gloss":"April"},{"text":"月","gloss":"April"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"下旬","gloss":"late","reading":"げじゅん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"五","gloss":"May"},{"text":"月","gloss":"May"},{"text":"上旬","gloss":"early"},{"text":"に","gloss":"through"},{"text":"かけ","gloss":"through"},{"text":"て","gloss":"through"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L076.dlg.010","source":"そのころには まだ 大麦や小麦は かってありませんね。","translation":"By that time, the barley and wheat have not been harvested yet, have they?","reading":"そのころにはまだおおむぎやこむぎはかってありませんね。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"ころ","gloss":"time"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"大麦","gloss":"barley","reading":"おおむぎ"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"小麦","gloss":"wheat","reading":"こむぎ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かっ","gloss":"have not been harvested"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have not been harvested"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have not been harvested"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"have not been harvested"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"have not been harvested"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L076.dlg.011","source":"そうです。そのしゅうかくが 五月の 中旬に 始まります。しゅうかくが 終る やいなや 田植が 始まるのです。","translation":"That's right. Their harvest begins in the middle of May. As soon as the harvest is over, rice planting begins.","reading":"そうです。そのしゅうかくがごがつのちゅうじゅんにはじまります。しゅうかくがおわるやいなやうえがはじまるのです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that's right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"that's right"},{"text":"その","gloss":"their"},{"text":"しゅうかく","gloss":"harvest"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"五","gloss":"May","reading":"ご"},{"text":"月","gloss":"May","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中旬","gloss":"middle","reading":"ちゅうじゅん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"始まり","gloss":"begins","reading":"はじまり"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"しゅうかく","gloss":"harvest"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"終る","gloss":"is over","reading":"おわる"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"いな","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"田植","gloss":"rice planting","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"始まる","gloss":"begins","reading":"はじまる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L076.dlg.012","source":"では、お百しょうさんは そのころは 大変いそがしいですね。","translation":"Then farmers are very busy around that time, aren't they?","reading":"では、おひゃくしょうさんはそのころはたいへんいそがしいですね。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorific"},{"text":"百しょう","gloss":"farmers","reading":"ひゃくしょう"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"people"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"ころ","gloss":"time"},{"text":"は","gloss":"around"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"田植","gloss":"rice transplanting (See Cult Notes)"},{"word":"いね","gloss":"rice plant"},{"word":"なえ","gloss":"seedling, young shoot, sapling"},{"word":"水田","gloss":"rice field, paddy"},{"word":"植えかえる","gloss":"transplant"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"種もみ","gloss":"seed rice"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"上旬","gloss":"first 10 days of a month"},{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"},{"word":"大麦","gloss":"barley"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"小麦","gloss":"wheat"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"しゅうかく","gloss":"harvest (harvest v.t.)"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Planting rice in rainy weather · Dialogue 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Work in the rainy season","paragraphs":["The speakers describe rice planting as demanding work during the rainy season.","*そう。だから、どろまみれになる上に びしょぬれに ぬれるんです* means \"Yes. So, besides getting covered in mud, they get soaking wet.\"","Some workers now wear rubber boots instead of working barefoot."]},{"title":"A cat's paw","paragraphs":["*「ねこの 手でも かりたい」というほど いそがしい 時きです* describes a time when farmers are very busy and short-handed.","*ねこの手でも かりたい* means \"want to borrow even the paws of a cat\" word for word.","The fixed saying describes someone so busy and short-handed that even a cat's useless paws would help."]},{"title":"Kanji: 活","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L076.dlg.013","source":"「ねこの 手でも かりたい」というほど いそがしい 時きです。","translation":"It is such a busy time that they say they would even like to borrow a cat's paw.","reading":"「ねこのてでもかりたい」というほどいそがしいときです。","words":[{"text":"「ねこ","gloss":"a cat"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"手","gloss":"paw","reading":"て"},{"text":"で","gloss":"even"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"かり","gloss":"would like to borrow"},{"text":"たい」","gloss":"would like to borrow"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"say"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"so much that"},{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"と"},{"text":"き","gloss":"time"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L076.dlg.014","source":"私は まだ 田植を するところを 見たことが ありませんが、植える人は 皆 はだしですか。","translation":"I have never seen rice being planted, but are all the people who plant it barefoot?","reading":"わたくしはまだうえをするところをみたことがありませんが、うえるひとはみなはだしですか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"never"},{"text":"田植","gloss":"rice planting","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"being done"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"scene"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"have never seen","reading":"み"},{"text":"た","gloss":"have never seen"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"have never seen"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have never seen"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"have never seen"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"have never seen"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"植える","gloss":"plant","reading":"うえる"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"はだし","gloss":"barefoot"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L076.dlg.015","source":"今でも くつや ぞうりを ぬいでやる人も ありますが、ゴムの 長ぐつを はいて 田植を する人が 多く なりました。生活が らくになったんですね。","translation":"Even now, some people take off their shoes or sandals to do it, but more people have begun wearing rubber boots to plant rice. Life has become easier, hasn't it?","reading":"いまでもくつやぞうりをぬいでやるひともありますが、ゴムのながぐつをはいてうえをするひとがおおくなりました。せいかつがらくになったんですね。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"even"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"text":"や","gloss":"or"},{"text":"ぞうり","gloss":"sandals"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ぬい","gloss":"take off"},{"text":"で","gloss":"take off"},{"text":"やる","gloss":"do it"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ゴム","gloss":"rubber"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"長ぐつ","gloss":"boots","reading":"ながぐつ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はい","gloss":"wearing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"wearing"},{"text":"田植","gloss":"rice planting","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"more","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"have become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"have become"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"have become"},{"text":"生活","gloss":"life","reading":"せいかつ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"らく","gloss":"easier"},{"text":"に","gloss":"became"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"became"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L076.dlg.016","source":"そのころは 丁度 つゆですね。","translation":"That time is right in the rainy season, isn't it?","reading":"そのころはちょうどつゆですね。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"ころ","gloss":"time"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"丁度","gloss":"right in","reading":"ちょうど"},{"text":"つゆ","gloss":"rainy season"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L076.dlg.017","source":"そう。だから、どろまみれになる上に びしょぬれに ぬれるんです。","translation":"Yes. So, besides getting covered in mud, they get soaking wet.","reading":"そう。だから、どろまみれになるうえにびしょぬれにぬれるんです。","words":[{"text":"そう。","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"so"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"どろ","gloss":"mud"},{"text":"まみれ","gloss":"covered"},{"text":"に","gloss":"become"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"上","gloss":"besides","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"besides"},{"text":"びしょぬれ","gloss":"soaking wet"},{"text":"に","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ぬれる","gloss":"get wet"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L076.dlg.018","source":"では、田植が 終ると 安心ですね。","translation":"Then it is a relief when the rice planting is over, isn't it?","reading":"では、うえがおわるとあんしんですね。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"田植","gloss":"rice planting","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"終る","gloss":"is over","reading":"おわる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"安心","gloss":"a relief","reading":"あんしん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ほど","gloss":"to the extent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"き","gloss":"counter for airplanes (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ところ","gloss":"place (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"はだし","gloss":"bare feet"},{"word":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"word":"ぞうり","gloss":"sandal, slipper"},{"word":"やる","gloss":"to do"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"ゴム","gloss":"rubber"},{"word":"長ぐつ","gloss":"boots"},{"word":"多く","gloss":"many of them"},{"word":"つゆ","gloss":"rainy season (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"そう。","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"どろ","gloss":"mud"},{"word":"びしょぬれ","gloss":"soaking wet"},{"word":"ぬれる","gloss":"get wet; become wet (vi)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Celebrating the rice planting · Dialogue 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Rest and a good harvest","paragraphs":["The speakers discuss celebrations held after rice planting in some places.","*そうです。それと ほうさくを いのるのと 両方ですよ* means \"That's right. It is both that and a prayer for a good harvest.\"","The celebration gives farm families a rest and includes a prayer for a good harvest."]},{"title":"Differences from place to place","paragraphs":["*所によって ちがいます* means \"It differs from place to place.\"","Here, the noun *所* before *によって* identifies the place according to which the custom differs."]},{"title":"Kanji: 祝","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L076.dlg.019","source":"そう。所によって ちがいますが、田植が 終ると お祝いを する所も あります。","translation":"Yes. It differs from place to place, but in some places they hold a celebration when the rice planting is over.","reading":"そう。ところによってちがいますが、うえがおわるとおいわいをするところもあります。","words":[{"text":"そう。","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"ちがい","gloss":"differs"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"田植","gloss":"rice planting","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"終る","gloss":"is over","reading":"おわる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorific"},{"text":"祝い","gloss":"celebration","reading":"いわい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"hold"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"some"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L076.dlg.020","source":"農家に とっては いきぬきの 祝いですね。","translation":"For farm families, it is a celebration and a chance to take a break, isn't it?","reading":"のうかにとってはいきぬきのいわいですね。","words":[{"text":"農家","gloss":"farm families","reading":"のうか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いき","gloss":"a break"},{"text":"ぬき","gloss":"a break"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"祝い","gloss":"celebration","reading":"いわい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L076.dlg.021","source":"そうです。それと ほうさくを いのるのと 両方ですよ。","translation":"That's right. It is both that and a prayer for a good harvest.","reading":"そうです。それとほうさくをいのるのとりょうほうですよ。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that's right"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"that's right"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"good harvest"},{"text":"さく","gloss":"good harvest"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"いのる","gloss":"pray for"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"両方","gloss":"both","reading":"りょうほう"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.dlg.021.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"祝い","gloss":"celebration, congratulation"},{"word":"さく","gloss":"to bloom (v.i.)"},{"word":"いのる","gloss":"pray (vt)"},{"word":"両方","gloss":"both"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Immediate everyday actions · Perception drill","teaching":[{"title":"As soon as one event happens","paragraphs":["*私は それを 聞く やいなや すぐ来た* means \"As soon as I heard that, I came right away.\"","A plain verb followed by *やいなや* presents the next event as happening as soon as the first event occurs."]},{"title":"Depending on the noun","paragraphs":["*いいえ、年によって 大変 あつい事も あります* means \"No, in some years it is very hot.\"","A noun followed by *によって* means \"depending on that noun\". The noun identifies what the condition varies by.","In *生徒によって 勉強の仕方が 皆 違います*, the students are the source of variation in how they study."]}],"lines":[{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L076.gp1.01","source":"私は それを 聞く やいなや すぐ来た。","translation":"As soon as I heard that, I came right away.","reading":"わたくしはそれをきくやいなやすぐきた。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"聞く","gloss":"heard","reading":"きく"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"いな","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"right away"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L076.gp1.02","source":"昨晩 早く ねたんですね。","translation":"You went to bed early last night, didn't you?","reading":"さくばんはやくねたんですね。","words":[{"text":"昨晩","gloss":"last night","reading":"さくばん"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"ね","gloss":"went to bed"},{"text":"た","gloss":"went to bed"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L076.gp1.03","source":"ええ、つかれていましたので、一時ごろ とこに はいるやいなや ねてしまいました。","translation":"Yes, because I was tired, I fell asleep as soon as I went to bed around one o'clock.","reading":"ええ、つかれていましたので、いちじごろとこにはいるやいなやねてしまいました。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"つか","gloss":"was tired"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was tired"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was tired"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was tired"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was tired"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was tired"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"一時","gloss":"one o'clock","reading":"いちじ"},{"text":"ごろ","gloss":"around"},{"text":"とこ","gloss":"bed"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"は","gloss":"into"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"went"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"いな","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"ね","gloss":"fell asleep"},{"text":"て","gloss":"fell asleep"},{"text":"しまい","gloss":"fell asleep"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"fell asleep"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"fell asleep"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L076.gp1.04","source":"お子さんは 家には 居ないのですね。","translation":"Your child isn't at home, is he?","reading":"おこさんはいえにはいないのですね。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"your"},{"text":"子","gloss":"child","reading":"こ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"child"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"居","gloss":"is not","reading":"い"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"is not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L076.gp1.05","source":"ええ、学校から 帰るやいなや 遊びに 出て行きます。","translation":"No. As soon as he comes home from school, he goes out to play.","reading":"ええ、がっこうからかえるやいなやあそびにでていきます。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"帰る","gloss":"comes home","reading":"かえる"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"いな","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"遊び","gloss":"play","reading":"あそび"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"出","gloss":"goes out","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"goes out"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"goes out","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L076.gp1.06","source":"あなたは 魚つりが 好きらしいですね。","translation":"It seems that you like fishing.","reading":"あなたはさかなつりがすきらしいですね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"魚つり","gloss":"fishing","reading":"さかなつり"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"like","reading":"すき"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"it seems"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L076.gp1.07","source":"ええ、毎晩 仕事から 帰るやいなや 夕飯も 食べないで 魚つりに 出て行きます。","translation":"Yes, every evening, as soon as I get home from work, I go fishing without even eating dinner.","reading":"ええ、まいばんしごとからかえるやいなやゆうはんもたべないでさかなつりにでていきます。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"毎晩","gloss":"every evening","reading":"まいばん"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"帰る","gloss":"get home","reading":"かえる"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"いな","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"夕飯","gloss":"dinner","reading":"ゆうはん"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"without eating","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"without eating"},{"text":"で","gloss":"without eating"},{"text":"魚つり","gloss":"fishing","reading":"さかなつり"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"出","gloss":"go out","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go out"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go out","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L076.gp1.08","source":"あなたは けさ 起きるのが おそかったらしいですね。","translation":"It seems that you got up late this morning.","reading":"あなたはけさおきるのがおそかったらしいですね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"けさ","gloss":"this morning"},{"text":"起きる","gloss":"got up","reading":"おきる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"おそかっ","gloss":"late"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"it seems"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L076.gp1.09","source":"ええ、起きるやいなや したくをして 朝飯も 食べずに 仕事に 行きました。","translation":"Yes, as soon as I got up, I got ready and went to work without even eating breakfast.","reading":"ええ、おきるやいなやしたくをしてあさめしもたべずにしごとにいきました。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"起きる","gloss":"got up","reading":"おきる"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"いな","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"したく","gloss":"preparations"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"made"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"朝飯","gloss":"breakfast","reading":"あさめし"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"without eating","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"without eating"},{"text":"に","gloss":"without eating"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"went","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"went"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"went"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L076.gp1.10","source":"あなたは いつ 病気に なったのですか。","translation":"When did you get sick?","reading":"あなたはいつびょうきになったのですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"sick","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"became"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"became"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"did"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L076.gp1.11","source":"日本から 帰って来るやいなや 病気に なりました。","translation":"I got sick as soon as I came back from Japan.","reading":"にほんからかえってくるやいなやびょうきになりました。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"came back","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"came back"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"came back","reading":"くる"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"いな","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"sick","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"became"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"became"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.gp1.11.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L076.gp1.12","source":"所によって 違います。","translation":"It differs from place to place.","reading":"ところによってちがいます。","words":[{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"differs","reading":"ちがい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.gp1.12.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L076.gp1.13","source":"モントレーでは 毎年 夏は すずしいのですか。","translation":"Is the summer cool every year in Monterey?","reading":"モントレーではまいねんなつはすずしいのですか。","words":[{"text":"モントレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎年","gloss":"every year","reading":"まいねん"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"すずしい","gloss":"cool"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.gp1.13.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L076.gp1.14","source":"いいえ、年によって 大変 あつい事も あります。","translation":"No, in some years it is very hot.","reading":"いいえ、ねんによってたいへんあついこともあります。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"あつい","gloss":"hot"},{"text":"事","gloss":"times","reading":"こと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.gp1.14.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L076.gp1.15","source":"かん字は 皆 こんなに むずかしいのですか。","translation":"Are all Chinese characters this difficult?","reading":"かんじはみなこんなにむずかしいのですか。","words":[{"text":"かん字","gloss":"Chinese characters"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"こんな","gloss":"this"},{"text":"に","gloss":"much"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.gp1.15.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L076.gp1.16","source":"いいえ、かん字によって やさしいのも あります。","translation":"No, some Chinese characters are easy.","reading":"いいえ、かんじによってやさしいのもあります。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"Chinese characters"},{"text":"に","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"も","gloss":"some"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.gp1.16.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L076.gp1.17","source":"モントレーは いつも 朝 こんなに きりが あるのですか。","translation":"Is it always this foggy in Monterey in the morning?","reading":"モントレーはいつもあさこんなにきりがあるのですか。","words":[{"text":"モントレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"こんな","gloss":"this"},{"text":"に","gloss":"much"},{"text":"きり","gloss":"fog"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"there is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.gp1.17.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L076.gp1.18","source":"いいえ、いつもでは ありません。日によって 違います。時々 きりのない 日も あります。","translation":"No, not always. It differs from day to day. Sometimes there are days without fog.","reading":"いいえ、いつもではありません。ひによってちがいます。ときどききりのないひもあります。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is not"},{"text":"は","gloss":"is not"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is not"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"is not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"is not"},{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"differs","reading":"ちがい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"きり","gloss":"fog"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"without"},{"text":"日","gloss":"days","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"some"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.gp1.18.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L076.gp1.19","source":"米国の 夏は いつも こんなに すずしいのですか。","translation":"Are summers in the United States always this cool?","reading":"べいこくのなつはいつもこんなにすずしいのですか。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"こんな","gloss":"this"},{"text":"に","gloss":"much"},{"text":"すずしい","gloss":"cool"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.gp1.19.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L076.gp1.20","source":"米国は 大きい国ですから、所によって 違います。ある所は 大変 あついです。又 ある所は 大変 すずしいです。","translation":"The United States is a large country, so it differs from place to place. Some places are very hot. Other places are very cool.","reading":"べいこくはおおきいくにですから、ところによってちがいます。あるところはたいへんあついです。またあるところはたいへんすずしいです。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大きい","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきい"},{"text":"国","gloss":"country","reading":"くに"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"differs","reading":"ちがい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"あつい","gloss":"hot"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"又","gloss":"other","reading":"また"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"すずしい","gloss":"cool"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.gp1.20.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L076.gp1.21","source":"この学校の 生徒は 皆 同じ様に 勉強するのですか。","translation":"Do all the students at this school study in the same way?","reading":"このがっこうのせいとはみなおなじようにべんきょうするのですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"同じ","gloss":"same","reading":"おなじ"},{"text":"様","gloss":"way","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.gp1.21.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L076.gp1.22","source":"いいえ、生徒によって 勉強の仕方が 皆 違います。","translation":"No, every student has a different way of studying.","reading":"いいえ、せいとによってべんきょうのしかたがみなちがいます。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"studying","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"仕方","gloss":"method","reading":"しかた"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"differ","reading":"ちがい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.gp1.22.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"すぐ","gloss":"right away, immediately"},{"word":"ね","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"とこ","gloss":"bed"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"好き","gloss":"to like, be fond of (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"したく","gloss":"preparation"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"いつ","gloss":"when?"},{"word":"毎年","gloss":"every year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"夏","gloss":"summer"},{"word":"すずしい","gloss":"cool"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"あつい","gloss":"hot"},{"word":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"word":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"word":"朝","gloss":"morning"},{"word":"きり","gloss":"fog"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"時々","gloss":"sometimes, occasionally"},{"word":"国","gloss":"country, nation"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"One event following another · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"The next event begins at once","paragraphs":["*麦の しゅうかくが 終る やいなや 田植が 始まります* means \"As soon as the wheat harvest is over, rice planting begins.\"","The plain verb *終る* comes before *やいなや*. The next clause states the event that begins immediately.","*家を 出るやいなや 雨が 降り出しました* uses the same pattern when rain begins as soon as someone leaves home."]}],"lines":[{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.m1","source":"麦の しゅうかくが 終る やいなや 田植が 始まります。","translation":"As soon as the wheat harvest is over, rice planting begins.","reading":"むぎのしゅうかくがおわるやいなやたうえがはじまります。","words":[{"text":"麦","gloss":"wheat","reading":"むぎ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"しゅうかく","gloss":"harvest"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"終る","gloss":"ends","reading":"おわる"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"いな","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"田植","gloss":"rice planting","reading":"たうえ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"始まり","gloss":"begins","reading":"はじまり"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.01","source":"自動車を なおすやいなや 又 こわしました。","translation":"As soon as I repaired the car, I broke it again.","reading":"じどうしゃをなおすやいなやまたこわしました。","words":[{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃをな"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"なおす","gloss":"repair"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"いな","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"又","gloss":"again"},{"text":"こわし","gloss":"break"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.02","source":"あの人は 大学を 出るやいなや ある会社に やとわれました。","translation":"As soon as he graduated from college, he was hired by a company.","reading":"あのひとはだいがくをでるやいなやあるかいしゃにやとわれました。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大学","gloss":"college","reading":"だいがく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出る","gloss":"graduate","reading":"でる"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"いな","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"a certain"},{"text":"会社","gloss":"company","reading":"かいしゃ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"やとわ","gloss":"hired"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.03","source":"駅に 着くやいなや 汽車が 出て行きました。","translation":"As soon as I arrived at the station, the train left.","reading":"えきにつくやいなやきしゃがでていきました。","words":[{"text":"駅","gloss":"station","reading":"えき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"着く","gloss":"arrive","reading":"つく"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"いな","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"汽車","gloss":"train","reading":"きしゃ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出","gloss":"left","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"left"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"left","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.04","source":"私を 見るやいなや あの人は 出て行きました。","translation":"As soon as he saw me, that person left.","reading":"わたくしをみるやいなやあのひとはでていきました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"me","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"see","reading":"みる"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"いな","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"出","gloss":"left","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"left"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"left","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.05","source":"家を 出るやいなや 雨が 降り出しました。","translation":"As soon as I left the house, it began to rain.","reading":"いえをでるやいなやあめがふりだしました。","words":[{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出る","gloss":"leave","reading":"でる"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"いな","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"began raining","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"出し","gloss":"began raining","reading":"だし"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.06","source":"日本から 帰るやいなや 病気に なりました。","translation":"I got sick as soon as I returned from Japan.","reading":"にほんからかえるやいなやびょうきになりました。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"帰る","gloss":"return","reading":"かえる"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"いな","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"sick","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"became"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.07","source":"新しい時計を 買うやいなや こわしました。","translation":"As soon as I bought a new watch, I broke it.","reading":"あたらしいとけいをかうやいなやこわしました。","words":[{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"時計","gloss":"watch","reading":"とけい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"いな","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"こわし","gloss":"break"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.08","source":"けさ 起きるやいなや せきが 出始めました。","translation":"As soon as I got up this morning, I began to cough.","reading":"けさおきるやいなやせきがではじめました。","words":[{"text":"けさ","gloss":"this morning"},{"text":"起きる","gloss":"get up","reading":"おきる"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"いな","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"せき","gloss":"cough"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出","gloss":"began coughing","reading":"で"},{"text":"始め","gloss":"began coughing","reading":"はじめ"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"車","gloss":"vehicle, car"},{"word":"なおす","gloss":"to correct, mend, repair (v.t.)"},{"word":"出る","gloss":"come out to the phone, go out, come out (vi)"},{"word":"会社","gloss":"company, firm"},{"word":"駅","gloss":"railroad station"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"買う","gloss":"to buy"},{"word":"せき","gloss":"seat"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Immediate actions in conversation · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Immediate results in conversation","paragraphs":["*ええ、ずい分 つかれていたので、夕飯を 食べるやいなや とこにはいりました* means \"Yes, because I was very tired, I went to bed as soon as I ate dinner.\"","The plain verb *食べる* before *やいなや* gives the first event. Going to bed follows immediately.","The conversations use the same pattern for an action or result that follows a completed event at once."]}],"lines":[{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.09","source":"いつ 病気に なったのですか。","translation":"When did you get sick?","reading":"いつびょうきになったのですか。","words":[{"text":"いつ","gloss":"when"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"sick","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"became"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.10","source":"日本へ 着くやいなや 病気になって 一週間ばかり ねていました。","translation":"As soon as I arrived in Japan, I became ill and was in bed for about a week.","reading":"にほんへつくやいなやびょうきになっていっしゅうかんばかりねていました。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"着く","gloss":"arrive","reading":"つく"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"いな","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"ill","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"became"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"週間","gloss":"week","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"about"},{"text":"ね","gloss":"was in bed"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was in bed"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was in bed"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.11","source":"あなたが 入院していらっしゃると 言う事を 聞くやいなや やって来たのですが、御病気は いかがですか。","translation":"I came as soon as I heard that you were in the hospital. How are you feeling?","reading":"あなたがにゅういんしていらっしゃるということをきくやいなややってきたのですが、ごびょうきはいかがですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"入院","gloss":"hospital","reading":"にゅういん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"いらっしゃる","gloss":"are staying"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"事","gloss":"fact","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"聞く","gloss":"hear","reading":"きく"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"いな","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"came"},{"text":"て","gloss":"came"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"御","gloss":"your illness","reading":"ご"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"your illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いかが","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.12","source":"ありがとう御ざいます。お医者さんの 話によると、あまり 悪くは ないそうです。","translation":"Thank you. According to the doctor, it is apparently not very serious.","reading":"ありがとうございます。おいしゃさんのはなしによると、あまりわるくはないそうです。","words":[{"text":"ありがとう","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"御","gloss":"thank you","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"い","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"医者","gloss":"doctor","reading":"いしゃ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"title"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"話","gloss":"account","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"に","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very"},{"text":"悪く","gloss":"serious","reading":"わるく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.13","source":"あなたは 昨晩 早く ねたらしいですね。","translation":"It seems that you went to bed early last night.","reading":"あなたはさくばんはやくねたらしいですね。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"昨晩","gloss":"last night","reading":"さくばん"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"ねた","gloss":"went to bed"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.14","source":"ええ、ずい分 つかれていたので、夕飯を 食べるやいなや とこにはいりました。","translation":"Yes, because I was very tired, I went to bed as soon as I ate dinner.","reading":"ええ、ずいぶんつかれていたので、ゆうはんをたべるやいなやとこにはいりました。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"very"},{"text":"つか","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"て","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"い","gloss":"tired"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"夕飯","gloss":"dinner","reading":"ゆうはん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"いな","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"とこ","gloss":"bed"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"はいり","gloss":"entered"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.15","source":"田中さんの むすこさんは 大学を 出るやいなや けっこんしたそうですね。","translation":"I hear that Mr. Tanaka's son got married as soon as he graduated from college.","reading":"たなかさんのむすこさんはだいがくをでるやいなやけっこんしたそうですね。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"むすこ","gloss":"son"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"title"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大学","gloss":"college","reading":"だいがく"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出る","gloss":"graduate","reading":"でる"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"いな","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"けっこん","gloss":"marriage"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.15.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.16","source":"ええ、そうらしいです。そして、これから 仕事を さがすのだそうです。","translation":"Yes, it seems so. And I hear that he is going to look for a job now.","reading":"ええ、そうらしいです。そして、これからしごとをさがすのだそうです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そして、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"now"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"job","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"さがす","gloss":"look for"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.17","source":"あなたの むすめさんは 仕事をして いらっしゃるそうですが、少しぐらい ちょ金が 出来ますか。","translation":"I hear that your daughter is working; is she able to save even a little money?","reading":"あなたのむすめさんはしごとをしていらっしゃるそうですが、すこしぐらいちょきんができますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"むすめ","gloss":"daughter"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"title"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"いらっしゃる","gloss":"is working"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"ちょ","gloss":"savings"},{"text":"金","gloss":"savings","reading":"きん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can save","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.17.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"ばかり","gloss":"about"},{"word":"いらっしゃる","gloss":"to come, go (honorific verb)"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"医者","gloss":"medical doctor"},{"word":"話","gloss":"story, talk"},{"word":"ずい分","gloss":"very much"},{"word":"さがす","gloss":"to search, look for"},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Immediate action cues · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Everyday events as the first action","paragraphs":["*いいえ、月給を もらうやいなや 使ってしまうのです* means \"No, as soon as she gets her salary, she spends it all.\"","The first event remains in the plain form before *やいなや*.","The remaining lines give plain-form events such as *家へ 帰る*, \"go home\", and *朝 起きる*, \"get up in the morning\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.18","source":"いいえ、月給を もらうやいなや 使ってしまうのです。","translation":"No, as soon as she gets her salary, she spends it all.","reading":"いいえ、げっきゅうをもらうやいなやつかってしまうのです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"月給","gloss":"salary","reading":"げっきゅう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もらう","gloss":"receive"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"いな","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"使っ","gloss":"spend","reading":"つかっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"しまう","gloss":"completely"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.19","source":"家へ 帰る","translation":"go home","reading":"いえへかえる","words":[{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"帰る","gloss":"return","reading":"かえる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.20","source":"朝 起きる","translation":"get up in the morning","reading":"あさおきる","words":[{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"起きる","gloss":"get up","reading":"おきる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.20.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.21","source":"家を 出る","translation":"leave home","reading":"いえをでる","words":[{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出る","gloss":"leave","reading":"でる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.21.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.22","source":"学校を そつぎょうする","translation":"graduate from school","reading":"がっこうをそつぎょうする","words":[{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"そつぎょう","gloss":"graduate"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.22.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.23","source":"私を 見る","translation":"see me","reading":"わたくしをみる","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"me","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"see","reading":"みる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.23.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt1.24","source":"日本から帰る","translation":"return from Japan","reading":"にほんからかえる","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"帰る","gloss":"return","reading":"かえる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt1.24.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"月給","gloss":"monthly wage"},{"word":"もらう","gloss":"to receive (tangible things)"},{"word":"しまう","gloss":"to put away"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Differences by place and person · Pattern 2 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"What a difference depends on","paragraphs":["*気候は 所によって 違います* means \"The climate differs from place to place.\"","The noun before *によって* identifies what the difference depends on.","*人によって 話し方が 違います* makes the person the basis of the difference and means \"The way people speak differs from person to person.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.m1","source":"気候は 所によって 違います。","translation":"The climate differs from place to place.","reading":"きこうはところによってちがいます。","words":[{"text":"気候","gloss":"climate","reading":"きこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"differs","reading":"ちがい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.01","source":"モンテレーの 天気は 日によって 違います。","translation":"The weather in Monterey varies from day to day.","reading":"モンテレーのてんきはひによってちがいます。","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"varies","reading":"ちがい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.02","source":"習かんは 国によって 違います。","translation":"Customs differ from country to country.","reading":"しゅうかんはくにによってちがいます。","words":[{"text":"習","gloss":"customs"},{"text":"かん","gloss":"customs"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"国","gloss":"country"},{"text":"に","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"differ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.03","source":"年によって あんまり雨が 降らない事が あります。","translation":"In some years, it does not rain very much.","reading":"ねんによってあんまりあめがふらないことがあります。","words":[{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"あんまり","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降ら","gloss":"rain","reading":"ふら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"事","gloss":"times","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.04","source":"人によって 話し方が 違います。","translation":"The way people speak differs from person to person.","reading":"ひとによってはなしかたがちがいます。","words":[{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"speaking","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"方","gloss":"way","reading":"かた"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"differs","reading":"ちがい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.05","source":"生徒によって 勉強のし方が 違います。","translation":"The way students study differs from student to student.","reading":"せいとによってべんきょうのしかたがちがいます。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"studying","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"し方","gloss":"method"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"differs","reading":"ちがい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.05.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.06","source":"銀行によって 利りつが 違います。","translation":"Interest rates differ from bank to bank.","reading":"ぎんこうによってりりつがちがいます。","words":[{"text":"銀行","gloss":"bank","reading":"ぎんこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"利","gloss":"interest rate","reading":"り"},{"text":"りつ","gloss":"interest rate"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"differs","reading":"ちがい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.07","source":"学校によって 教え方が 違います。","translation":"Teaching methods differ from school to school.","reading":"がっこうによっておしえかたがちがいます。","words":[{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"教え","gloss":"teaching","reading":"おしえ"},{"text":"方","gloss":"method","reading":"かた"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"differs","reading":"ちがい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.07.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.08","source":"モンテレーでは 日によって 冬でも あつい事が あります。","translation":"In Monterey, on some days it is hot even in winter.","reading":"モンテレーではひによってふゆでもあついことがあります。","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"冬","gloss":"winter","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"あつい","gloss":"hot"},{"text":"事","gloss":"times","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"word":"天気","gloss":"weather"},{"word":"銀行","gloss":"bank"},{"word":"冬","gloss":"winter"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying what things depend on · Pattern 2 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A general question with a varied answer","paragraphs":["*かん字によって 違います* means \"It depends on the kanji.\" The noun before *によって* narrows the answer to each item.","The questions ask whether a broad statement applies in every case.","*生徒によって 違います* gives the same kind of answer when Japanese varies in difficulty by student."]}],"lines":[{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.09","source":"米国の 夏は どうですか。","translation":"What are summers like in the United States?","reading":"べいこくのなつはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.10","source":"米国は 広い国ですから、所によって 違います。ある所は 夏 あついですが、ある所は すずしいです。","translation":"The United States is a large country, so it differs from place to place. Some places are hot in summer, while others are cool.","reading":"べいこくはひろいくにですから、ところによってちがいます。あるところはなつあついですが、あるところはすずしいです。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"広い","gloss":"large","reading":"ひろい"},{"text":"国","gloss":"country","reading":"くに"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"differs","reading":"ちがい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"あつい","gloss":"hot"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"while"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"other"},{"text":"所","gloss":"places","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"すずしい","gloss":"cool"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.11","source":"かん字は むずかしいですか。","translation":"Are kanji difficult?","reading":"かんじはむずかしいですか。","words":[{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.11.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.12","source":"かん字によって 違います。あるかん字は 大変やさしいです。","translation":"It depends on the kanji. Some kanji are very easy.","reading":"かんじによってちがいます。あるかんじはたいへんやさしいです。","words":[{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"に","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"differs","reading":"ちがい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.12.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.13","source":"日本では つゆには いつも 雨が 沢山 降りますか。","translation":"Does it always rain a lot during the rainy season in Japan?","reading":"にほんではつゆにはいつもあめがたくさんふりますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"つゆ","gloss":"rainy season"},{"text":"に","gloss":"during"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"a lot","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"fall","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.13.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.14","source":"年によって あんまり 降らない事も あります。","translation":"In some years, it does not rain very much.","reading":"ねんによってあんまりふらないこともあります。","words":[{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"あんまり","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"降ら","gloss":"rain","reading":"ふら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"事","gloss":"times","reading":"こと"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.14.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.15","source":"日本語は やさしいですか。","translation":"Is Japanese easy?","reading":"にほんごはやさしいですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.15.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.16","source":"生徒によって 違います。ある生徒は むずかしいと言うし、又ある生徒は やさしいと言います。","translation":"It depends on the student. Some students say it is difficult, while others say it is easy.","reading":"せいとによってちがいます。あるせいとはむずかしいというし、またあるせいとはやさしいといいます。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"differs","reading":"ちがい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むずかしい","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"又","gloss":"other","reading":"また"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"say","reading":"いい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.16.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.17","source":"この学校の 生徒は 皆同じように 勉強するのですか。","translation":"Do all the students at this school study in the same way?","reading":"このがっこうのせいとはみなおなじようにべんきょうするのですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"同じ","gloss":"same","reading":"おなじ"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"way"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the case"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.17.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"し、","gloss":"city"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"How conditions vary · Pattern 2 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Conditions that are not uniform","paragraphs":["*いいえ、生徒によって 勉強のし方が 違います* means \"No, the way they study differs from student to student.\"","The questions ask whether people, weather, seasons, or climate are the same in every case.","An answer with *によって* names the source of the difference, such as the student, year, or place."]}],"lines":[{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.18","source":"いいえ、生徒によって 勉強のし方が 違います。","translation":"No, the way they study differs from student to student.","reading":"いいえ、せいとによってべんきょうのしかたがちがいます。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending on"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"studying","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"し方","gloss":"method"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"differ","reading":"ちがい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.18.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.19","source":"人々は 皆 同じ様に 話しますか。","translation":"Does everyone speak in the same way?","reading":"ひとびとはみなおなじようにはなしますか。","words":[{"text":"人々","gloss":"everyone","reading":"ひとびと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"同じ","gloss":"same","reading":"おなじ"},{"text":"様","gloss":"way","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.19.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.20","source":"日本では つゆには いつも 雨が 沢山 降りますか。","translation":"Does it always rain a lot during the rainy season in Japan?","reading":"にほんではつゆにはいつもあめがたくさんふりますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"つゆ","gloss":"rainy season"},{"text":"に","gloss":"during"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"a lot","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"fall","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.20.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.21","source":"生徒は 皆 同じ様に 勉強しますか。","translation":"Do all the students study in the same way?","reading":"せいとはみなおなじようにべんきょうしますか。","words":[{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"同じ","gloss":"same","reading":"おなじ"},{"text":"様","gloss":"way","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.21.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.22","source":"モンテレーでは 毎年 夏は すずしいですか。","translation":"Are summers in Monterey cool every year?","reading":"モンテレーではまいねんなつはすずしいですか。","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎年","gloss":"every year","reading":"まいねん"},{"text":"夏","gloss":"summer","reading":"なつ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"すずしい","gloss":"cool"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.22.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.23","source":"米国の 冬は 皆 同じですか。","translation":"Are winters the same everywhere in the United States?","reading":"べいこくのふゆはみなおなじですか。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"冬","gloss":"winter","reading":"ふゆ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"everywhere","reading":"みな"},{"text":"同じ","gloss":"same","reading":"おなじ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.23.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L076.pt2.24","source":"気候は どこでも 同じですか。","translation":"Is the climate the same everywhere?","reading":"きこうはどこでもおなじですか。","words":[{"text":"気候","gloss":"climate","reading":"きこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"同じ","gloss":"same","reading":"おなじ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.pt2.24.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"人々","gloss":"people"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Growing and planting rice · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"From seed rice to planting","paragraphs":["The passage follows rice cultivation from sowing seed rice in a nursery to transplanting seedlings in June.","It also describes farmers as very busy during rainy-season planting.","*米を 作るのには まず何を しますか* means \"What do they do first to grow rice?\" An answer names sowing seed rice in a nursery."]}],"lines":[{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L076.q.001","source":"日本中いたる所で 作っている物と 言えば 米、麦、さつまいも などです。その中で 日本人にとって 一番大切な物は 米です。米を 作るのには、まず、種もみを なわしろに まくのです。種もみを まくのは 四月の下旬から 五月の上旬に かけてです。この なわしろに そだった いねの なえを 今度は 水田に 植えかえるのです。これを 田植と言って、大抵 六月中旬から 下旬に かけて やります。大麦や小麦の しゅうかくが 五月の中旬に 始まりますから、この しゅうかくが 終るやいなや 田植が 始まるのです。ですから、百姓に","translation":"Among the things grown everywhere in Japan are rice, barley, wheat, and sweet potatoes. Of these, rice is the most important to the Japanese. To grow rice, the seed rice is first sown in a nursery bed. The seed rice is sown from late April through early May. The rice seedlings grown in this nursery bed are then transplanted to a paddy field. This is called rice planting and is usually done from the middle to the end of June. The harvest of barley and wheat begins in the middle of May, and as soon as this harvest is over, rice planting begins. Therefore, for farmers,","reading":"にほんじゅういたるところでつくっているものといえばこめ、むぎ、さつまいもなどです。そのなかでにほんじんにとっていちばんたいせつなものはこめです。こめをつくるのには、まず、たねもみをなわしろにまくのです。たねもみをまくのはしがつのげじゅんからごがつのじょうじゅんにかけてです。このなわしろにそだったいねのなえをこんどはすいでんにうえかえるのです。これをたうえといって、たいていろくがつちゅうじゅんからげじゅんにかけてやります。おおむぎやこむぎのしゅうかくがごがつのちゅうじゅんにはじまりますから、このしゅうかくがおわるやいなやたうえがはじまるのです。ですから、ひゃくしょうに","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"throughout Japan"},{"text":"中","gloss":"throughout Japan"},{"text":"いたる","gloss":"everywhere"},{"text":"所","gloss":"everywhere","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"作っ","gloss":"are grown","reading":"つくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are grown"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are grown"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"speaking of","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"speaking of"},{"text":"米、","gloss":"rice","reading":"こめ"},{"text":"麦、","gloss":"barley","reading":"むぎ"},{"text":"さつま","gloss":"sweet potatoes"},{"text":"いも","gloss":"sweet potatoes"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"},{"text":"その","gloss":"these"},{"text":"中","gloss":"among","reading":"なか"},{"text":"で","gloss":"among"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"大切","gloss":"important","reading":"たいせつ"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"物","gloss":"thing","reading":"もの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米","gloss":"rice","reading":"こめ"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"米","gloss":"rice","reading":"こめ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"作る","gloss":"grow","reading":"つくる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まず、","gloss":"first"},{"text":"種もみ","gloss":"seed rice","reading":"たねもみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"なわ","gloss":"nursery bed"},{"text":"しろ","gloss":"nursery bed"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"まく","gloss":"sow"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"種もみ","gloss":"seed rice","reading":"たねもみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"まく","gloss":"sow"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"四","gloss":"April"},{"text":"月","gloss":"April"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"下旬","gloss":"late month","reading":"げじゅん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"五","gloss":"May","reading":"ご"},{"text":"月","gloss":"May","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"上旬","gloss":"early month","reading":"じょうじゅん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かけ","gloss":"through"},{"text":"て","gloss":"through"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"なわ","gloss":"nursery bed"},{"text":"しろ","gloss":"nursery bed"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"そだっ","gloss":"grown"},{"text":"た","gloss":"grown"},{"text":"いね","gloss":"rice plant"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"なえ","gloss":"seedling"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"今度","gloss":"then","reading":"こんど"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"水田","gloss":"paddy field","reading":"すいでん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"植えかえる","gloss":"transplant","reading":"うえかえる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"田植","gloss":"rice planting","reading":"たうえ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"is called","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"is called"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually"},{"text":"六","gloss":"June"},{"text":"月","gloss":"June"},{"text":"中旬","gloss":"middle month"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"下旬","gloss":"late month","reading":"げじゅん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かけ","gloss":"through"},{"text":"て","gloss":"through"},{"text":"やり","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"大麦","gloss":"barley","reading":"おおむぎ"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"小麦","gloss":"wheat","reading":"こむぎ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しゅうかく","gloss":"harvest"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"五","gloss":"May","reading":"ご"},{"text":"月","gloss":"May","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中旬","gloss":"middle month","reading":"ちゅうじゅん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"始まり","gloss":"begins","reading":"はじまり"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"しゅうかく","gloss":"harvest"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"終る","gloss":"ends","reading":"おわる"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"いな","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"田植","gloss":"rice planting","reading":"たうえ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"始まる","gloss":"begins","reading":"はじまる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"百姓","gloss":"farmers","reading":"ひゃくしょう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.q.001.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L076.q.002","source":"とっては、このごろは「ねこの手でも かりたい」ほど いそがしい 時きです。田植を する 時には なえを 植える人は くつや ぞうりを ぬいで やるのですが、このごろでは 生活が らくに なったと 見えて、ゴムの 長ぐつを はいて 田植を する人が 多く なりました。このごろは 丁度 つゆ時ですから、田植を する人は どろまみれに なる上に びしょぬれに なって 仕事を しなければ なりません。田植が 終ると 百姓は 安心です。所によって 違いますが、田植が 終ると、大抵 お祝いを します。この お祝いは いきぬきの 祝と ほうさくを いのるのと 両方の ためです。","translation":"this is the time of year when they are so busy that they could use even a cat's help. When planting rice, the people who plant the seedlings take off their shoes or sandals, but nowadays, perhaps because life has become easier, more people plant rice wearing tall rubber boots. Since this is right in the rainy season, the people planting rice must work while not only covered in mud but also soaking wet. When the rice planting is over, the farmers feel relieved. It differs from place to place, but when the rice planting is over, they usually hold a celebration. This celebration is both a chance to relax and a prayer for a good harvest.","reading":"とっては、このごろは「ねこのてでもかりたい」ほどいそがしいとききです。たうえをするときにはなえをうえるひとはくつやぞうりをぬいでやるのですが、このごろではせいかつがらくになったとみえて、ゴムのながぐつをはいてたうえをするひとがおおくなりました。このごろはちょうどつゆどきですから、たうえをするひとはどろまみれになるうえにびしょぬれになってしごとをしなければなりません。たうえがおわるとひゃくしょうはあんしんです。ところによってちがいますが、たうえがおわると、たいていおいわいをします。このおいわいはいきぬきのいわいとほうさくをいのるのとりょうほうのためです。","words":[{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"このごろ","gloss":"nowadays"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"「ねこ","gloss":"cat"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"手","gloss":"help","reading":"て"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"かり","gloss":"borrow"},{"text":"たい」","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"so much that"},{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time of year","reading":"と"},{"text":"き","gloss":"time of year"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"田植","gloss":"rice planting","reading":"たうえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"時","gloss":"when","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なえ","gloss":"seedling"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"植える","gloss":"plant","reading":"うえる"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"text":"や","gloss":"or"},{"text":"ぞうり","gloss":"sandals"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ぬい","gloss":"take off"},{"text":"で","gloss":"take off"},{"text":"やる","gloss":"do"},{"text":"の","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"このごろ","gloss":"nowadays"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"生活","gloss":"life","reading":"せいかつ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"らく","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"became"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"見え","gloss":"'s","reading":"みえ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"ゴム","gloss":"rubber"},{"text":"の","gloss":"s"},{"text":"長ぐつ","gloss":"tall boots","reading":"ながぐつ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はい","gloss":"wear"},{"text":"て","gloss":"wear"},{"text":"田植","gloss":"rice planting","reading":"たうえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"became"},{"text":"このごろ","gloss":"nowadays"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"丁度","gloss":"right now","reading":"ちょうど"},{"text":"つゆ","gloss":"rainy season"},{"text":"時","gloss":"season","reading":"どき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"田植","gloss":"rice planting","reading":"たうえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どろ","gloss":"covered in mud"},{"text":"まみれ","gloss":"covered in mud"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"上","gloss":"besides","reading":"うえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"also"},{"text":"びしょぬれ","gloss":"soaking wet"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"become"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"},{"text":"田植","gloss":"rice planting","reading":"たうえ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"終る","gloss":"ends","reading":"おわる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"百姓","gloss":"farmers","reading":"ひゃくしょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"安心","gloss":"relieved","reading":"あんしん"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"よっ","gloss":"depending"},{"text":"て","gloss":"depending"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"differ","reading":"ちがい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"田植","gloss":"rice planting","reading":"たうえ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"終る","gloss":"ends","reading":"おわる"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"お","gloss":"celebration"},{"text":"祝い","gloss":"celebration","reading":"いわい"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"お","gloss":"celebration"},{"text":"祝い","gloss":"celebration","reading":"いわい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いき","gloss":"a break"},{"text":"ぬき","gloss":"a break"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"祝","gloss":"celebration","reading":"いわい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ほう","gloss":"good harvest"},{"text":"さく","gloss":"good harvest"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"いのる","gloss":"pray for"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"両方","gloss":"both","reading":"りょうほう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"purpose"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.q.002.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L076.q.003","source":"日本中いたる所で 作っている物と 言えば 何ですか。","translation":"What things are grown everywhere in Japan?","reading":"にほんじゅういたるところでつくっているものといえばなんですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"throughout Japan"},{"text":"中","gloss":"throughout Japan"},{"text":"いたる","gloss":"everywhere"},{"text":"所","gloss":"everywhere","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"作っ","gloss":"are grown","reading":"つくっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are grown"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are grown"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"speaking of","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"speaking of"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.q.003.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L076.q.004","source":"その中で 日本人にとって 一番大切な物は 何ですか。","translation":"Of these, what is the most important thing to the Japanese?","reading":"そのなかでにほんじんにとっていちばんたいせつなものはなんですか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"these"},{"text":"中","gloss":"among","reading":"なか"},{"text":"で","gloss":"among"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"人","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"大切","gloss":"important","reading":"たいせつ"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"物","gloss":"thing","reading":"もの"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.q.004.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L076.q.005","source":"米を 作るのには まず何を しますか。","translation":"What do they do first to grow rice?","reading":"こめをつくるのにはまずなにをしますか。","words":[{"text":"米","gloss":"rice","reading":"こめ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"作る","gloss":"grow","reading":"つくる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まず","gloss":"first"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.q.005.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L076.q.006","source":"種もみを まくのは いつごろですか。","translation":"About when is the seed rice sown?","reading":"たねもみをまくのはいつごろですか。","words":[{"text":"種もみ","gloss":"seed rice","reading":"たねもみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"まく","gloss":"sow"},{"text":"の","gloss":"act of"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつごろ","gloss":"about when"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.q.006.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L076.q.007","source":"なわしろに そだったいねを どうしますか。","translation":"What do they do with the rice plants grown in the nursery bed?","reading":"なわしろにそだったいねをどうしますか。","words":[{"text":"なわ","gloss":"nursery bed"},{"text":"しろ","gloss":"nursery bed"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"そだっ","gloss":"grown"},{"text":"た","gloss":"grown"},{"text":"いね","gloss":"rice plants"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.q.007.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L076.q.008","source":"田植は 何月ごろですか。","translation":"About what month is rice planting done?","reading":"たうえはなんがつごろですか。","words":[{"text":"田植","gloss":"rice planting","reading":"たうえ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"月","gloss":"month","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"ごろ","gloss":"about"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.q.008.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"麦、","gloss":"wheat, barley, oats (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"一番","gloss":"number one (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"作る","gloss":"to raise, to make"},{"word":"まず、","gloss":"first, first of all"},{"word":"今度","gloss":"this time, next time"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Harvests, rain and celebrations · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"After the harvest and planting","paragraphs":["The questions cover the barley and wheat harvest, rainy-season planting, and celebrations after the work.","*この お祝いは 何のためですか* means \"What is this celebration for?\"","An answer names its two purposes: a rest for farm families and a prayer for a good harvest."]}],"lines":[{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L076.q.009","source":"大麦や小麦の しゅうかくは いつごろ始まりますか。","translation":"About when does the harvest of barley and wheat begin?","reading":"おおむぎやこむぎのしゅうかくはいつごろはじまりますか。","words":[{"text":"大麦","gloss":"barley","reading":"おおむぎ"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"小麦","gloss":"wheat","reading":"こむぎ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しゅうかく","gloss":"harvest"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつごろ","gloss":"about when"},{"text":"始まり","gloss":"begins","reading":"はじまり"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.q.009.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L076.q.010","source":"このしゅうかくが 終るやいなや 何が始まりますか。","translation":"What begins as soon as this harvest is over?","reading":"このしゅうかくがおわるやいなやなにがはじまりますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"しゅうかく","gloss":"harvest"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"終る","gloss":"ends","reading":"おわる"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"いな","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"や","gloss":"as soon as"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"始まり","gloss":"begins","reading":"はじまり"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.q.010.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L076.q.011","source":"田植を する時には なえを 植える人は くつやぞうりを はいてやりますか。","translation":"When planting rice, do the people who plant the seedlings wear shoes or sandals?","reading":"たうえをするときにはなえをうえるひとはくつやぞうりをはいてやりますか。","words":[{"text":"田植","gloss":"rice planting","reading":"たうえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"時","gloss":"when","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なえ","gloss":"seedlings"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"植える","gloss":"plant","reading":"うえる"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"text":"や","gloss":"or"},{"text":"ぞうり","gloss":"sandals"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"はい","gloss":"wear"},{"text":"て","gloss":"wear"},{"text":"やり","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.q.011.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L076.q.012","source":"このごろでは どうですか。","translation":"How is it nowadays?","reading":"このごろではどうですか。","words":[{"text":"このごろ","gloss":"nowadays"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.q.012.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L076.q.013","source":"日本のつゆは いつごろですか。","translation":"About when is the rainy season in Japan?","reading":"にほんのつゆはいつごろですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"つゆ","gloss":"rainy season"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつごろ","gloss":"about when"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.q.013.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L076.q.014","source":"田植が 終ると 百姓は どうしますか。","translation":"What do the farmers do when the rice planting is over?","reading":"たうえがおわるとひゃくしょうはどうしますか。","words":[{"text":"田植","gloss":"rice planting","reading":"たうえ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"終る","gloss":"ends","reading":"おわる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"百姓","gloss":"farmers","reading":"ひゃくしょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.q.014.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L076.q.015","source":"この お祝いは 何のためですか。","translation":"What is this celebration for?","reading":"このおいわいはなんのためですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"お","gloss":"celebration"},{"text":"祝い","gloss":"celebration","reading":"いわい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"for"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"purpose"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.q.015.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Rice plants, seedlings and paddies · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Rice from nursery to paddy","paragraphs":["These words cover the places, plants, and dates involved in rice transplanting.","*なわしろ* is \"a bed for growing rice sprouts\", *なえ* is \"seedling\", and *水田* is \"paddy\".","Together they name the movement of a young rice plant from its nursery bed into the paddy."]}],"lines":[{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.001","source":"田植","translation":"rice transplanting (See Cult Notes)","reading":"たうえ","words":[{"text":"田植","gloss":"rice planting","reading":"たうえ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.001.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.002","source":"いたる所","translation":"all over, wherever one goes","reading":"いたるところ","words":[{"text":"いたる所","gloss":"everywhere","reading":"いたるところ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.002.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.003","source":"全国てき","translation":"country wide, all over a country","reading":"ぜんこくてき","words":[{"text":"全国てき","gloss":"countrywide","reading":"ぜんこくてき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.003.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.004","source":"中旬","translation":"middle 10 days of a month","reading":"ちゅうじゅん","words":[{"text":"中旬","gloss":"middle ten days","reading":"ちゅうじゅん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.004.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.005","source":"下旬","translation":"last 10 days of a month","reading":"げじゅん","words":[{"text":"下旬","gloss":"last ten days","reading":"げじゅん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.005.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.006","source":"なわしろ","translation":"a bed for growing rice sprouts","reading":"なわしろ","words":[{"text":"なわしろ","gloss":"rice nursery bed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.006.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.007","source":"そだつ","translation":"grow, be brought up (vi)","reading":"そだつ","words":[{"text":"そだつ","gloss":"grow"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.007.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.008","source":"いね","translation":"rice plant","reading":"いね","words":[{"text":"いね","gloss":"rice plant"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.008.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.009","source":"なえ","translation":"seedling, young shoot, sapling","reading":"なえ","words":[{"text":"なえ","gloss":"seedling"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.009.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.010","source":"水田","translation":"paddy","reading":"すいでん","words":[{"text":"水田","gloss":"paddy field","reading":"すいでん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"いたる所","gloss":"all over, wherever one goes"},{"word":"全国てき","gloss":"country wide, all over a country"},{"word":"なわしろ","gloss":"a bed for growing rice sprouts"},{"word":"そだつ","gloss":"grow, be brought up (vi)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Harvests, timing and fieldwork · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Harvest and fieldwork","paragraphs":["These words cover transplanting, seed rice, harvest time, and work in the fields.","*種もみ* is \"seed rice\", while *しゅうかく* is \"harvest\".","*ねこの手でも かりたい* means \"very busy and short handed\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.011","source":"植えかえる","translation":"transplant","reading":"うえかえる","words":[{"text":"植えかえる","gloss":"transplant","reading":"うえかえる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.011.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.012","source":"種もみ","translation":"seed rice","reading":"たねもみ","words":[{"text":"種もみ","gloss":"seed rice","reading":"たねもみ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.012.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.013","source":"上旬","translation":"first 10 days of a month","reading":"じょうじゅん","words":[{"text":"上旬","gloss":"first ten days","reading":"じょうじゅん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.013.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.014","source":"しゅうかく","translation":"harvest (harvest v.t.)","reading":"しゅうかく","words":[{"text":"しゅうかく","gloss":"harvest"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.014.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.015","source":"ねこの手でも かりたい","translation":"very busy and short handed (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"ねこのてでもかりたい","words":[{"text":"ねこの手でもかりたい","gloss":"desperate for help","reading":"ねこのてでもかりたい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.015.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.016","source":"--やいなや","translation":"-- no sooner than (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"--やいなや","words":[{"text":"--やいなや","gloss":"as soon as"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.016.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.017","source":"時き","translation":"time, season","reading":"ときき","words":[{"text":"時き","gloss":"time; season","reading":"ときき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.017.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.018","source":"はだし","translation":"bare feet","reading":"はだし","words":[{"text":"はだし","gloss":"bare feet"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.018.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.019","source":"ぞうり","translation":"straw sandal, thong","reading":"ぞうり","words":[{"text":"ぞうり","gloss":"straw sandals"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.019.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.020","source":"ぬぐ","translation":"take off, undress, uncover","reading":"ぬぐ","words":[{"text":"ぬぐ","gloss":"take off"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ねこの手でもかりたい","gloss":"very busy and short handed (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"--やいなや","gloss":"-- no sooner than (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"時き","gloss":"season, time"},{"word":"ぬぐ","gloss":"take off, undress, uncover"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Rain, mud and wet weather · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Mud and rain","paragraphs":["These words describe fieldwork during the rainy season and the relief that follows it.","*長ぐつ* is \"boots\", *どろまみれ* is \"covered with mud\", and *びしょぬれ* is \"soaking wet\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.021","source":"ゴム","translation":"rubber","reading":"ゴム","words":[{"text":"ゴム","gloss":"rubber"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.021.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.022","source":"長ぐつ","translation":"boots","reading":"ながぐつ","words":[{"text":"長ぐつ","gloss":"boots","reading":"ながぐつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.022.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.023","source":"生活(する)","translation":"livelihood, (live (v.i.))","reading":"せいかつ(する)","words":[{"text":"生活(する)","gloss":"livelihood; live","reading":"せいかつ(する)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.023.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.024","source":"つゆ","translation":"rainy season (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"つゆ","words":[{"text":"つゆ","gloss":"rainy season"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.024.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.025","source":"どろまみれ","translation":"covered with mud (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"どろまみれ","words":[{"text":"どろまみれ","gloss":"covered with mud"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.025.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.026","source":"どろ","translation":"mud","reading":"どろ","words":[{"text":"どろ","gloss":"mud"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.026.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.027","source":"びしょぬれ","translation":"soaking wet","reading":"びしょぬれ","words":[{"text":"びしょぬれ","gloss":"soaking wet"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.027.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.028","source":"ぬれる","translation":"get wet; become wet (vi)","reading":"ぬれる","words":[{"text":"ぬれる","gloss":"get wet"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.028.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.029","source":"安心(する)","translation":"ease of mind; tranquility of mind (feel at ease (vi) )","reading":"あんしん(する)","words":[{"text":"安心(する)","gloss":"peace of mind","reading":"あんしん(する)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.029.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.030","source":"所によって","translation":"depending on place (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"ところによって","words":[{"text":"所によって","gloss":"depending on place","reading":"ところによって"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.030.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"生活(する)","gloss":"livelihood, (live (v.i.))"},{"word":"どろまみれ","gloss":"covered with mud (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"安心(する)","gloss":"ease of mind; tranquility of mind (feel at ease (vi) )"},{"word":"所によって","gloss":"depending on place (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Celebrations, rest and good harvests · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"A celebration after planting","paragraphs":["These words name a celebration after rice planting and its two purposes.","*いきぬき* is \"breather, rest\", while *ほうさく* is \"bumper crop\" and *いのる* is \"pray\".","*両方* means \"both\", linking a rest and a prayer for a bumper crop."]}],"lines":[{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.031","source":"お祝い(する)","translation":"celebration, (celebrate (vi))","reading":"おいわい(する)","words":[{"text":"お祝い(する)","gloss":"celebration","reading":"おいわい(する)"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.031.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.032","source":"いきぬき","translation":"breather, rest","reading":"いきぬき","words":[{"text":"いきぬき","gloss":"breather"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.032.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.033","source":"ほうさく","translation":"bumper crop","reading":"ほうさく","words":[{"text":"ほうさく","gloss":"bumper crop"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.033.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.034","source":"いのる","translation":"pray (vt)","reading":"いのる","words":[{"text":"いのる","gloss":"pray"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.034.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.035","source":"祝い","translation":"celebration, congratulation","reading":"いわい","words":[{"text":"祝い","gloss":"celebration","reading":"いわい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.035.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.036","source":"両方","translation":"both","reading":"りょうほう","words":[{"text":"両方","gloss":"both","reading":"りょうほう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.036.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L076.w.037","source":"大麦","translation":"barley","reading":"おおむぎ","words":[{"text":"大麦","gloss":"barley","reading":"おおむぎ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L076.w.037.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":4,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\nF.\n\n1.\n\nGuide for Free Conversation.\n\nVisual Cues.\n\na.\n\nLook at the picture on Pages 198\n\nto 204\n\nand\n\ntalk about how the rice fields are prepared, rice\n\ntransplanting, harvesting, etc.\n\n2.\n\nTopic Titles.\n\na.\n\nTalk about the work involved before rice trans-\n\nplanting.\n\nb.\n\nTalk about rice transplanting.\n\nc.\n\nCompare rice transplanting of Japan and that of\n\nother countries.\n\nTalk about the rainy season."},{"section":5,"text":"Homework\n\nJ,\n\nHomev/ork.\n\n1.\n\nMemorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.\n\n2.\n\nStudy Grammar Perception Drill,\n\n3.\n\nStudy Pattern Practice and do the exercise at the\n\nend of each pattern.\n\n4.\n\nLearn to read and write new Kanji.\n\n5.\n\nRead the Explanatory Notes.\n\n6.\n\nRead the Guide for Free Conversation and do the\n\nexercises following the instructions given.\n\n-A i\n\n\"\n\nI '.O'"}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"お祝い(する)","gloss":"celebration, (celebrate (vi))"},{"word":"いきぬき","gloss":"breather, rest"},{"word":"ほうさく","gloss":"bumper crop"}],"paradigms":[]}]}