{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L078","title":"Lesson 78","stage":"Reading Japan","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 78: reuniting with an old acquaintance · dialogue 1 of 5, newspaper firms and circulation · dialogue 2 of 5, major newspapers and neutrality · dialogue 3 of 5, editions, advertising, let alone books · perception drill, far from cheap · perception drill, far from expected conditions · perception drill, an outrageous mistake · perception drill, unexpected people and situations · perception drill, far from one extreme · pattern 1 1 of 3, contrasting reality with expectations · pattern 1 2 of 3, answering with strong contrasts · pattern 1 3 of 3, outrageous things and events · pattern 2 1 of 3, unexpected questions, things described as outrageous · pattern 2 3 of 3, japanese newspapers compared · questions 1 of 2, deliveries, circulation and newspaper company words · word list 1 of 4, politics, publishing and television words · word list 4 of 4.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/76","lines":174},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/75","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/77","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Reuniting with an old acquaintance · Dialogue 1 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"An old acquaintance visits","paragraphs":["Maeda welcomes Miller after a long absence. *おお、ミラーさんでは 御ざいませんか。おひさしぶりですね。さあ、どうぞ お上りください* means \"Oh, if it isn't Mr. Miller. It has been a long time. Please come in.\"","After the greetings, Maeda asks why Miller has come. *今日は 又 何か 御用で* means \"Do you have personal business today?\""]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.001","source":"今日は、前田さん。","translation":"Hello, Mr, Maeda,","reading":"こんにちは、まえださん。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"こんにち"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"前田","gloss":"Maeda","reading":"まえだ"},{"text":"さん。","gloss":"Mr."}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.002","source":"おお、ミラーさんでは 御ざいませんか。おひさしぶりですね。さあ、どうぞ お上りください。","translation":"Oh, if it isn’t Mr, Miller. It’s been a long time, hasn’t it? Please come in.","reading":"おお、ミラーさんではございませんか。おひさしぶりですね。さあ、どうぞおあがりください。","words":[{"text":"おお、","gloss":"oh"},{"text":"ミラー","gloss":"Miller"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"御","gloss":"is not","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"is not"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is not"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"is not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"is not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"お","gloss":"long time"},{"text":"ひさし","gloss":"long time"},{"text":"ぶり","gloss":"long time"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"さあ、","gloss":"well then"},{"text":"どうぞ","gloss":"please"},{"text":"お","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"上り","gloss":"come in","reading":"あがり"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.003","source":"長い 間 御ぶさたいたして おります。","translation":"I haven’t been keeping in touch with you for a long time.","reading":"ながいあいだごぶさたいたしております。","words":[{"text":"長い","gloss":"long"},{"text":"間","gloss":"time"},{"text":"御","gloss":"keeping in touch"},{"text":"ぶ","gloss":"keeping in touch"},{"text":"さた","gloss":"keeping in touch"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"have neglected"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have neglected"},{"text":"おり","gloss":"have been"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.004","source":"いいえ、私こそ。皆さん お元気な ようですね。","translation":"No, it’s I, indeed,","reading":"いいえ、わたくしこそ。みなさんおげんきなようですね。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"こそ。","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"皆","gloss":"everyone","reading":"みな"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"everyone"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"元気","gloss":"well","reading":"げんき"},{"text":"な","gloss":"being"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.005","source":"はあ、おかげ様で。","translation":"Yes, thank you.","reading":"はあ、おかげさまで。","words":[{"text":"はあ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"おかげ","gloss":"thanks to you"},{"text":"様","gloss":"thanks to you","reading":"さま"},{"text":"で。","gloss":"by"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.006","source":"今日は 又 何か 御用で。","translation":"Do you have personal business today?","reading":"こんにちはまたなにかごようで。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"こんにち"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"又","gloss":"again","reading":"また"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"御","gloss":"personal business","reading":"ご"},{"text":"用","gloss":"personal business","reading":"よう"},{"text":"で。","gloss":"is it"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"A1 -—DOKORO KA *'far from’, ’’instead of”, ’’anything but” Following nominals, basic form of i-adjectives and verbs, DOKORO KA expresses an idea of far from being such-and-such, but on the contrary such-and-such and is best translated as ’’far from’, ’Anything but”, ’’instead of”, ’’not only but also”, etc. Examples; NIHONGO DOKORO KA EIGO MO SHIRANAI. ”He knows no English, to say nothing of Japanese.” SUKI DOKORO KA DAIKIRAI DESU. ’’Far from liking it, I dislike it.” HIROI DOKORO KA SEMASUGIMASU. ”It is far from being spacious; it is too small.” NIHONGO GA KAKERU DOKORO KA YOMU KOTO MO DEKIMASEN. ”He can even read, to say nothing of his being able to write.”\n\nA1 ANO HITO WA YOROKOBU DOKORO KA OKOTTE IMASHITA, ’’Far from being glad, he was angry."},{"section":2,"text":"A2 TONDE-MO-NAI Preceding nouns TONDE-MO-NAI expresses the meaning of absurd, preposterous, serious, terrible, outrageous, monstrous, unexpected, fantastic”, and so forth. At times TONDE-MO-NAI or its polite form TONDE-MO-ARIMASEN is used as an emphatic rejection of what has been said and its common English equivalents are ’’Ridiculous!”, ’’Far from it ’’Nothing of the kind*”, ’’Don’t be silly’”, etc. Examples: TONDEMONAI NEDAN ’’exorbitant price” TONDEMONAI MACHIGAI ’’fatal mistake”, ’’silly mistake” TONDEMONAI TOKI ’’unexpected time” TONDEMONAI KANGAE ’’fantastic idea” TONDEMONAI HITO ’’absurd person, unexpected person” TONDEMONAI KOTO ’’outrageous thing” TONDEMONAI HANASHI ’’absurd story”"},{"section":3,"text":"Prefix DAI Prefix DAI precedes Japanese numerals of Chinese origin ICHI, NI, SAN, YON, etc, and expresses the meaning of No, 1, No, 2, No. 3, No. 4, or first, second, third, fourth, etc."},{"section":4,"text":"B2 TEN to Indicate a decimal in a series of numbers. For examples: 3.5 is SAN TEN GO, 11.36 is JUU ITTEN SAN ROKU, 8.8 is HACHITEN HACHI, etc."},{"section":5,"text":"B3 CHIN, RYOO, DAI CHIN Is a reward for work, or a fee for using or borrowing other people’s things. For example: YACHIN \"house rent\" JOOSHACHIN \"train fare\" DENSHACHIN \"streetcar fare\" KARICHIN \"fee for borrowing\" UNCHIN \"freight fee\" etc.\n\nB3 RYOO is a fee for receiving benefit from others or fee for using something. For example: DEMPOORYOO ’’telegram fee” SHIYOORYOO ’’fee for using something* SOOKINRYOO ’’fee for sending money” YUUBINRYOO ’’fee for mailing” etc. DAI is a price for something. For example: SHIMBUNDAI ’’newspaper price” OCHADAI ’’price for drinking tea” HONDAI ’’book price” KIPPUDAI ’’price of ticket” etc."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"は、","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"さあ、","gloss":"well, now, here, come"},{"word":"上り","gloss":"up train (See Cultural Notes)"},{"word":"ください。","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"こそ。","gloss":"indeed, certainly\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Newspaper firms and circulation · Dialogue 2 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"Newspapers and their circulation","paragraphs":["Miller asks about Japanese newspaper companies and their circulation. The discussion moves from about 120 companies to copies issued each day."]},{"title":"The decimal point","paragraphs":["*三・五人に 対して 一部ぐらいの わりあいです* means \"It is the ratio of about one copy per 3.5 persons.\"","*三・五人* is spoken as *三てん五人*, \"3.5 persons.\" *てん* marks the decimal point between the whole number and the digit after it."]},{"title":"Kanji: 数","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.007","source":"実は 日本の 新聞について、少し おうかがい いたしたいと 思いまして。","translation":"As a matter of fact, I hoped to ask you about the Japanese newspaper a little bit.","reading":"じつはにほんのしんぶんについて、すこしおうかがいいたしたいとおもいまして。","words":[{"text":"実","gloss":"fact","reading":"じつ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"about"},{"text":"つい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"about"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"お","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"うかがい","gloss":"ask"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"do"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"thought","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"て。","gloss":"and so"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.008","source":"左様で 御ざいますか。何でも 出来る 事でしたら、お答え しましょう。","translation":"Is that so? If It’s anything that I can answer. I’ll be glad to answer.","reading":"さようでございますか。なんでもできることでしたら、おこたえしましょう。","words":[{"text":"左様","gloss":"so","reading":"さよう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"御","gloss":"is","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"anything"},{"text":"も","gloss":"anything"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"can do","reading":"できる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"if it is"},{"text":"たら、","gloss":"if it is"},{"text":"お","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"答え","gloss":"answer","reading":"こたえ"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"will"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.009","source":"日本には 新聞社が 多いですね。","translation":"There are many newspaper firms in japan, right?","reading":"にほんにはしんぶんしゃがおおいですね。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper company","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"社","gloss":"newspaper company","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.010","source":"まったく 多いです。百二十社ぐらい ありますね。英字紙も ありますよ。","translation":"There are truly many. There are about 120 firms. There are .also English papers.","reading":"まったくおおいです。ひゃくにじゅうしゃぐらいありますね。えいじしもありますよ。","words":[{"text":"まったく","gloss":"truly"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"},{"text":"百","gloss":"one hundred","reading":"ひゃく"},{"text":"二十","gloss":"twenty","reading":"にじゅう"},{"text":"社","gloss":"companies","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"英字","gloss":"English-language paper","reading":"えいじ"},{"text":"紙","gloss":"English-language paper","reading":"し"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.011","source":"発行部数は どのくらいですか。","translation":"What is the number of circulation?","reading":"はっこうぶすうはどのくらいですか。","words":[{"text":"発行","gloss":"circulation count","reading":"はっこう"},{"text":"部数","gloss":"circulation count","reading":"ぶすう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"much"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.012","source":"三・五人に 対して 一部ぐらいの わりあいです。毎日 二千六百万部ぐらい 出ています。","translation":"It is the ratio of about one copy per three and a half persons. They circulate about twenty six million copies every day.","reading":"さん・ごにんにたいしていちぶぐらいのわりあいです。まいにちにせんろっぴゃくまんぶぐらいでています。","words":[{"text":"三・","gloss":"three point"},{"text":"五","gloss":"five"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"対し","gloss":"per","reading":"たいし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"per"},{"text":"一部","gloss":"one copy","reading":"いちぶ"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"わりあい","gloss":"ratio"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"二千","gloss":"twenty-six million","reading":"にせん"},{"text":"六百","gloss":"twenty-six million","reading":"ろっぴゃく"},{"text":"万","gloss":"twenty-six million","reading":"まん"},{"text":"部","gloss":"copies","reading":"ぶ"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"出","gloss":"circulate","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"circulate"},{"text":"い","gloss":"circulate"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"出来る","gloss":"to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"まったく","gloss":"truly, entirely"},{"word":"百","gloss":"100"},{"word":"二十","gloss":"20"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"どの","gloss":"which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)"},{"word":"くらい","gloss":"dark"},{"word":"三・","gloss":"three"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"一部","gloss":"a copy"},{"word":"毎日","gloss":"Mainichi Newspaper Co."},{"word":"二千","gloss":"2,000"},{"word":"六百","gloss":"600"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Major newspapers and neutrality · Dialogue 3 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"The first difference","paragraphs":["Miller asks how Japanese and American newspapers differ. *第一は、日本の 新聞は 政治的に 中立で、どの政とうにも ぞくしていない 事です* gives the first difference: political neutrality."]},{"title":"Numbers in an order","paragraphs":["*第一* means \"No. 1\" or \"the first\". *第* comes before a numeral of Chinese origin and makes the number a place in order."]},{"title":"Kanji: 第, 政, 治","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 的, 朝, 読","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.013","source":"大きな 新聞と言うと どれですか。","translation":"What are the big newspaper firms?","reading":"おおきなしんぶんというとどれですか。","words":[{"text":"大きな","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"どれ","gloss":"which"},{"text":"です","gloss":"are"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.014","source":"朝日、毎日、読売、産業経済新聞（ふつう 産経といいます）などです。朝日が一番大きくて、毎日 六百万部ぐらい 出ています。","translation":"They are Asahi, Mainichi, Yomiuri, SangyooKeizai newspaper (ordinarily called Sankei) and others. Asahi is the largest and it circulates six million copies everyday.","reading":"あさひ、まいにち、よみうり、さんぎょうけいざいしんぶん（ふつうさんけいといいます）などです。あさひがいちばんおおきくて、まいにちろっぴゃくまんぶぐらいでています。","words":[{"text":"朝日、","gloss":"Asahi","reading":"あさひ"},{"text":"毎日、","gloss":"Mainichi","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"読売、","gloss":"Yomiuri","reading":"よみうり"},{"text":"産業","gloss":"Sangyo Keizai newspaper","reading":"さんぎょう"},{"text":"経済","gloss":"Sangyo Keizai newspaper","reading":"けいざい"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"Sangyo Keizai newspaper","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"（ふつう","gloss":"ordinarily"},{"text":"産経","gloss":"Sankei","reading":"さんけい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"called"},{"text":"ます）","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"},{"text":"朝日","gloss":"Asahi","reading":"あさひ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"大きく","gloss":"large","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"六百","gloss":"six million","reading":"ろっぴゃく"},{"text":"万","gloss":"six million","reading":"まん"},{"text":"部","gloss":"copies","reading":"ぶ"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"出","gloss":"circulates","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"circulates"},{"text":"い","gloss":"circulates"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.015","source":"日本の 新聞と 米国の 新聞を くらべて、違う ところは どこでしょうか。","translation":"Comparing Japanese newspapers and American newspapers^what are the different points?","reading":"にほんのしんぶんとべいこくのしんぶんをくらべて、ちがうところはどこでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"くらべ","gloss":"compare"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"compare"},{"text":"違う","gloss":"different","reading":"ちがう"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"points"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.016","source":"第一は、日本の 新聞は 政治的に 中立で、どの政とうにも ぞくしていない 事です。","translation":"In the first place, Japanese newspapers are politically independent and they don’t belong to any certain political party.","reading":"だいいちは、にほんのしんぶんはせいじてきにちゅうりつで、どのせいとうにもぞくしていないことです。","words":[{"text":"第","gloss":"first","reading":"だい"},{"text":"一","gloss":"first","reading":"いち"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"政治","gloss":"politically","reading":"せいじ"},{"text":"的","gloss":"politically","reading":"てき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"politically"},{"text":"中立","gloss":"neutral","reading":"ちゅうりつ"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"any"},{"text":"政","gloss":"political party","reading":"せい"},{"text":"とう","gloss":"political party"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"ぞくし","gloss":"belong"},{"text":"て","gloss":"belong"},{"text":"い","gloss":"belong"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"事","gloss":"fact","reading":"こと"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.017","source":"政治色が ないのですか。","translation":"Don’t they have political color?","reading":"せいじしょくがないのですか。","words":[{"text":"政治","gloss":"political character","reading":"せいじ"},{"text":"色","gloss":"political character","reading":"しょく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"none"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.018","source":"そうです。いつも 中立の 立場にあります。","translation":"No, they don’t. They always take a neutral attitude.","reading":"そうです。いつもちゅうりつのたちばにあります。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"中立","gloss":"neutral","reading":"ちゅうりつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"立場","gloss":"position","reading":"たちば"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"大きな","gloss":"big, large (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"どれ","gloss":"which (of three or more) (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"朝日、","gloss":"Asahi Newspaper Co."},{"word":"毎日、","gloss":"Mainichi Newspaper Co."},{"word":"読売、","gloss":"Yomiuri Newspaper Co."},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます）","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"一番","gloss":"number one (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"ところ","gloss":"place (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"中立","gloss":"neutral"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"いつ","gloss":"when?"},{"word":"立場","gloss":"position, standpoint, attitude"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Editions, deliveries and prices · Dialogue 4 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"Two editions and one monthly fee","paragraphs":["Each newspaper issues a morning and an evening edition. When Miller asks the price, *こう 読料ですか。一か月 四百五十円です* means \"You mean the subscription fee? It is 450 yen per month.\""]},{"title":"Three kinds of payment","paragraphs":["*RYOO* names a fee for receiving a benefit or using something, as in *こう 読料*. *CHIN* names a reward for work or a fee for use or borrowing.","*DAI* names a price for something. *新聞代* means \"newspaper price\"."]},{"title":"Kanji: 刊","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.019","source":"それは 知りませんでした。","translation":"I didn’t know that,","reading":"それはしりませんでした。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"知り","gloss":"did not know","reading":"しり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"did not know"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"did not know"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"did not know"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did not know"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.020","source":"第二は、かく 新聞が 朝刊と 夕刊を 出す 事です。ですから 市内では 一日に 配達が 二度あります。","translation":"In the second place, each newspaper puts out a morning edition and an evening edition. Consequently, within a city there are two deliveries a day.","reading":"だいには、かくしんぶんがちょうかんとゆうかんをだすことです。ですからしないではいちにちにはいたつがにどあります。","words":[{"text":"第","gloss":"second","reading":"だい"},{"text":"二","gloss":"second","reading":"に"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かく","gloss":"each"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"朝刊","gloss":"morning edition","reading":"ちょうかん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"夕刊","gloss":"evening edition","reading":"ゆうかん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出す","gloss":"publishes","reading":"だす"},{"text":"事","gloss":"fact","reading":"こと"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"市","gloss":"within the city","reading":"し"},{"text":"内","gloss":"within the city","reading":"ない"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一日","gloss":"one day","reading":"いちにち"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"配達","gloss":"delivery","reading":"はいたつ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"度","gloss":"times","reading":"ど"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.021","source":"米国でも 朝刊と 夕刊が ありますが、会社が 違うか、新聞の 名が 違います。","translation":"In America, too, we have a morning edition and an evening edition; but in that case, either the firm names are different or the names of the newspaper are different.","reading":"べいこくでもちょうかんとゆうかんがありますが、かいしゃがちがうか、しんぶんのながちがいます。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"朝刊","gloss":"morning edition","reading":"ちょうかん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"夕刊","gloss":"evening edition","reading":"ゆうかん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"会社","gloss":"company","reading":"かいしゃ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"違う","gloss":"different","reading":"ちがう"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"or"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"名","gloss":"name","reading":"な"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"differs","reading":"ちがい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.021.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.022","source":"そうですか。日本では サービスが よいという 訳ですね。","translation":"Is that right? It means that in Japan the service is better, doesn’t it?","reading":"そうですか。にほんではサービスがよいというわけですね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"サービス","gloss":"service"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"say"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"meaning","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.022.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.023","source":"それで ねだんは。","translation":"And what about the price?","reading":"それでねだんは。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ねだん","gloss":"price"},{"text":"は。","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.023.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.024","source":"こう 読料ですか。一か月 四百五十円です。","translation":"You mean subscription fee? It’s 450 yen per month.","reading":"こうどくりょうですか。いっかげつよんひゃくごじゅうえんです。","words":[{"text":"こう","gloss":"subscription fee"},{"text":"読","gloss":"subscription fee","reading":"どく"},{"text":"料","gloss":"subscription fee","reading":"りょう"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one"},{"text":"か月","gloss":"month"},{"text":"四百","gloss":"four hundred"},{"text":"五十","gloss":"fifty"},{"text":"円","gloss":"yen"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"かく","gloss":"each (prefix)"},{"word":"朝刊","gloss":"morning edition"},{"word":"夕刊","gloss":"evening edition"},{"word":"出す","gloss":"to mail, send, take out"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"一日","gloss":"first day of the month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"会社","gloss":"company, firm"},{"word":"か、","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"名","gloss":"name"},{"word":"サービス","gloss":"service"},{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ねだん","gloss":"price"},{"word":"四百","gloss":"400"},{"word":"五十","gloss":"50"},{"word":"円","gloss":"yen (unit of money)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Advertising, subscriptions and magazines · Dialogue 5 of 5","teaching":[{"title":"Far from cheap","paragraphs":["Miller calls the newspaper price cheap. The reply begins *飛んでもない*, a strong rejection meaning \"Nothing of the kind.\"","*日本人に とっては 安い どころか 高すぎる ぐらいです* replaces \"cheap\" with the contrary judgment: \"For Japanese it is far from cheap. It is too expensive.\"","The discussion continues with advertising and subscription income, then ends with Japanese newspaper companies publishing many magazines."]}],"lines":[{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.025","source":"新聞代は 安いですね。","translation":"The newspaper price is cheap, isn’t it?","reading":"しんぶんだいはやすいですね。","words":[{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper price","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"代","gloss":"newspaper price","reading":"だい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"安い","gloss":"cheap","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.025.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.026","source":"飛んでもない。日本人に とっては 安い どころか 高すぎる ぐらいです。特に 農家に とっては ね。","translation":"Nothing of the kind. For Japanese it’s far from cheap, it is rather too expensive. Especially for farmers.","reading":"とんでもない。にほんじんにとってはやすいどころかたかすぎるぐらいです。とくにのうかにとってはね。","words":[{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"nothing of the kind","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"nothing of the kind"},{"text":"も","gloss":"nothing of the kind"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"nothing of the kind"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"安い","gloss":"cheap","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"か","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"高","gloss":"too expensive","reading":"たか"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too expensive"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"rather"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"特に","gloss":"especially","reading":"とくに"},{"text":"農家","gloss":"farmers","reading":"のうか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you know"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.026.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.027","source":"新聞は こうこくで もうける のだから、こう 読料は 安く出来ると 思いますが。","translation":"Since newspapers make money on advertisement, I should think that the subscription fee could be made cheaper.","reading":"しんぶんはこうこくでもうけるのだから、こうどくりょうはやすくできるとおもいますが。","words":[{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"advertising"},{"text":"こく","gloss":"advertising"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"もうける","gloss":"make money"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"subscription fee"},{"text":"読","gloss":"subscription fee","reading":"どく"},{"text":"料","gloss":"subscription fee","reading":"りょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"安く","gloss":"cheaper","reading":"やすく"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"can be made","reading":"できる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が。","gloss":"but"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.027.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.028","source":"日本の新聞では、さい近 こうこく料の しゅう入が まして来て、こう読料からの しゅう入と 半々ぐらいになりました。それで とう分は こう読料は これい上は 上りますまい。","translation":"As for Japanese newspapers, income from advertisement fees has increased recently and the income from subscription and from advertisement became about half and half. So, the subscription fee will probably not go up for some time.","reading":"にほんのしんぶんでは、さいきんこうこくりょうのしゅうにゅうがましてきて、こうどくりょうからのしゅうにゅうとはんはんぐらいになりました。それでとうぶんはこうどくりょうはこれいじょうはあがりますまい。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"さい","gloss":"recently"},{"text":"近","gloss":"recently","reading":"きん"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"advertising fees"},{"text":"こく","gloss":"advertising fees"},{"text":"料","gloss":"advertising fees","reading":"りょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"income"},{"text":"入","gloss":"income","reading":"にゅう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"まして","gloss":"has increased"},{"text":"来","gloss":"has increased","reading":"き"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"has increased"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"subscription fees"},{"text":"読","gloss":"subscription fees","reading":"どく"},{"text":"料","gloss":"subscription fees","reading":"りょう"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"income"},{"text":"入","gloss":"income","reading":"にゅう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"半々","gloss":"half and half","reading":"はんはん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"とう分","gloss":"for some time"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"subscription fees"},{"text":"読","gloss":"subscription fees","reading":"どく"},{"text":"料","gloss":"subscription fees","reading":"りょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"any"},{"text":"い","gloss":"any"},{"text":"上","gloss":"more","reading":"じょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"上り","gloss":"go up","reading":"あがり"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"まい。","gloss":"probably not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.028.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.029","source":"外に 違う ところが ありますか。","translation":"Is there any other difference?","reading":"ほかにちがうところがありますか。","words":[{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"違う","gloss":"different","reading":"ちがう"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"point"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.029.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L078.dlg.030","source":"日本の 新聞社は ざっしを 沢山 発行しています。このてん 米国の 新聞社と 違います。","translation":"Japanese newspaper firms publish a lot of magazines. In this respect they are different from those of the United States.","reading":"にほんのしんぶんしゃはざっしをたくさんはっこうしています。このてんべいこくのしんぶんしゃとちがいます。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper companies","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"社","gloss":"newspaper companies","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazines"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"発行","gloss":"publish","reading":"はっこう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"publish"},{"text":"て","gloss":"publish"},{"text":"い","gloss":"publish"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"て","gloss":"respect"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"respect"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper companies","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"社","gloss":"newspaper companies","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"from"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"differ","reading":"ちがい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.dlg.030.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"もうける","gloss":"make profit (y, t.)"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が。","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"しゅう","gloss":"state"},{"word":"半々","gloss":"half and half"},{"word":"とう分","gloss":"for the time being"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Let alone books · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"Not even the lesser thing","paragraphs":["*本 どころか 紙も 買えません* means \"I cannot even buy papers, to say nothing of books.\" The speaker cannot afford the lesser item, paper.","*どころか* follows the first noun and rejects that possibility. The second part gives a contrary fact or denies something still more basic."]}],"lines":[{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp1.01","source":"本 どころか 紙も 買えません。","translation":"I can’t even buy papers, say nothing of books.","reading":"ほんどころかかみもかえません。","words":[{"text":"本","gloss":"books","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"か","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"紙","gloss":"paper","reading":"かみ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"買え","gloss":"cannot buy","reading":"かえ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"cannot buy"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"cannot buy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp1.01.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"本","gloss":"numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Far from cheap · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"The opposite quality","paragraphs":["*安い どころか 高すぎる ぐらいです* means \"It is far from cheap. It is rather too expensive.\"","The *どころか* contrast rejects *安い* and replaces it with the opposite extreme, *高すぎる*."]}],"lines":[{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp2.01","source":"安い どころか 高すぎる ぐらいです。","translation":"It is far from cheap; it is rather too expensive.","reading":"やすいどころかたかすぎるぐらいです。","words":[{"text":"安い","gloss":"cheap","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"か","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"高","gloss":"too expensive","reading":"たか"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too expensive"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"rather"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp2.01.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Far from expected conditions · Perception drill, Block 3","teaching":[{"title":"Expectation and reality","paragraphs":["*いいえ、かん字 どころか、ひらがなさえ 読めないんですよ* means \"No, he cannot even read hiragana, to say nothing of kanji.\"","*どころか* follows a noun or the basic form of an I-adjective or verb."]},{"title":"A change in the other direction","paragraphs":["*いいえ、やせる どころか、ふとる 一方です* means \"No, she is far from getting thin. She keeps getting fat.\"","The expected change is rejected. The rest of the line states the contrary change."]}],"lines":[{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp3.01","source":"よろこぶ どころか おこっていました。","translation":"Far from being glad, he was mad.","reading":"よろこぶどころかおこっていました。","words":[{"text":"よろこぶ","gloss":"being glad"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"か","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"おこっ","gloss":"was angry"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was angry"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was angry"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was angry"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was angry"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp3.01.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp3.02","source":"あなたは 新しい 自動車を 買うのでは ないのですか。","translation":"Aren’t you going to buy a new car?","reading":"あなたはあたらしいじどうしゃをかうのではないのですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp3.02.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp3.03","source":"新しい 自動車 どころか 古い 自動車も 買えませんよ。","translation":"I can’t even buy an old car let alone a new car.","reading":"あたらしいじどうしゃどころかふるいじどうしゃもかえませんよ。","words":[{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"let alone"},{"text":"か","gloss":"let alone"},{"text":"古い","gloss":"old"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"買え","gloss":"cannot buy","reading":"かえ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"cannot buy"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"cannot buy"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp3.03.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp3.04","source":"スミスさんは かん字が 読めるのですか。","translation":"Can Mr, Smith read Kanji?","reading":"スミスさんはかんじがよめるのですか。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"が","gloss":"object"},{"text":"読める","gloss":"can read","reading":"よめる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp3.04.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp3.05","source":"いいえ、かん字 どころか、ひらがなさえ 読めないんですよ。","translation":"No, he can’t even read Hiragana, say nothing of Kanji.","reading":"いいえ、かんじどころか、ひらがなさえよめないんですよ。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"let alone"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"let alone"},{"text":"ひらがな","gloss":"hiragana"},{"text":"さえ","gloss":"even"},{"text":"読め","gloss":"cannot read","reading":"よめ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"cannot read"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp3.05.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp3.06","source":"このへやは 少し あつすぎませんか。","translation":"Isn’t this room too hot?","reading":"このへやはすこしあつすぎませんか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"へや","gloss":"room"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"あつ","gloss":"too hot"},{"text":"すぎ","gloss":"too hot"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp3.06.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp3.07","source":"あつすぎる どころか、さむいくらいです。","translation":"It is far from too hot; it is rather cool.","reading":"あつすぎるどころか、さむいくらいです。","words":[{"text":"あつ","gloss":"too hot"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too hot"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"rather"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp3.07.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp3.08","source":"奥さんは お体が じょうぶですね。","translation":"Your wife is healthy, isn’t she?","reading":"おくさんはおからだがじょうぶですね。","words":[{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"体","gloss":"body","reading":"からだ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"じょうぶ","gloss":"healthy"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp3.08.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp3.09","source":"じょうぶ どころか、かぜばかり 引いています。","translation":"Far from healthy, she is always catching cold.","reading":"じょうぶどころか、かぜばかりひいています。","words":[{"text":"じょうぶ","gloss":"healthy"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"colds"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"always"},{"text":"引い","gloss":"keeps catching","reading":"ひい"},{"text":"て","gloss":"keeps catching"},{"text":"い","gloss":"keeps catching"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"keeps catching"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp3.09.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp3.10","source":"奥さんは このごろ 少し やせて 来ましたね。","translation":"Your wife has gotten a little thinner these days, hasn’t she?","reading":"おくさんはこのごろすこしやせてきましたね。","words":[{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"このごろ","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"やせ","gloss":"has gotten thinner"},{"text":"て","gloss":"has gotten thinner"},{"text":"来","gloss":"has gotten thinner","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"has gotten thinner"},{"text":"た","gloss":"has gotten thinner"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp3.10.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp3.11","source":"いいえ、やせる どころか、ふとる 一方です。","translation":"No, she is far from getting skinny; she keeps on getting fat.","reading":"いいえ、やせるどころか、ふとるいっぽうです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"やせる","gloss":"getting thin"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"ふとる","gloss":"getting fat"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"keeps on","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp3.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"よろこぶ","gloss":"to rejoice, be delighted"},{"word":"車","gloss":"vehicle, car"},{"word":"買う","gloss":"to buy"},{"word":"古い","gloss":"old, antique"},{"word":"ひらがな","gloss":"HIRAGANA syllabary"},{"word":"へや","gloss":"room"},{"word":"すぎ","gloss":"past, after"},{"word":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"word":"体","gloss":"body, health"},{"word":"かぜ","gloss":"wind"},{"word":"ばかり","gloss":"about"},{"word":"やせる","gloss":"to lose weight (v.i.)"},{"word":"ふとる","gloss":"to become stout (v.i.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"An outrageous mistake · Perception drill, Block 4","teaching":[{"title":"A gross mistake","paragraphs":["*私は 飛んでもない 間違を しました* means \"I made a gross mistake.\" *飛んでもない* comes before the noun *間違*.","Before a noun, *飛んでもない* gives a strong judgment such as \"absurd\", \"outrageous\", \"terrible\", or \"unexpected\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp4.01","source":"私は 飛んでもない 間違を しました。","translation":"I made a gross mistake.","reading":"わたくしはとんでもないまちがいをしました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"gross","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"gross"},{"text":"も","gloss":"gross"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"gross"},{"text":"間","gloss":"mistake","reading":"まちが"},{"text":"違","gloss":"mistake","reading":"い"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"made"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"made"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"made"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp4.01.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Unexpected people and situations · Perception drill, Block 5","teaching":[{"title":"A rejection by itself","paragraphs":["*いいえ、飛んでもない。友だちのを 借りたのです* means \"No, do not be silly. I borrowed my friend's.\"","Here *飛んでもない* stands alone and firmly rejects the suggestion that the Cadillac belongs to the speaker."]},{"title":"A strong judgment before a noun","paragraphs":["*いいえ、飛んでもない ねだんを 言っていたから、買いませんでした* means \"No, they quoted outrageous prices, so I did not buy it.\"","Before *ねだん*, *飛んでもない* describes the prices as outrageous. It can also describe an unexpected time or person."]}],"lines":[{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp5.01","source":"いいえ、飛んでも ない。","translation":"No, it»s nothing of the kind.","reading":"いいえ、とんでもない。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"nothing of the kind","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"nothing of the kind"},{"text":"も","gloss":"nothing of the kind"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"nothing of the kind"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp5.01.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp5.02","source":"この キャデラックは あなたのですか。","translation":"Is this Cadillac yours?","reading":"このキャデラックはあなたのですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"キャデラック","gloss":"Cadillac"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"yours"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp5.02.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp5.03","source":"いいえ、飛んでもない。友だちのを 借りたのです。","translation":"No, don’t be silly, i borrowed my friend’s.","reading":"いいえ、とんでもない。ともだちのをかりたのです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"do not be silly","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"do not be silly"},{"text":"も","gloss":"do not be silly"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"do not be silly"},{"text":"友だち","gloss":"friend","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"借り","gloss":"borrowed","reading":"かり"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp5.03.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp5.04","source":"昨晩 おそくまで 起きていましたね。","translation":"You were up late last night, weren’t you?","reading":"さくばんおそくまでおきていましたね。","words":[{"text":"昨晩","gloss":"last night","reading":"さくばん"},{"text":"おそく","gloss":"late"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"起き","gloss":"were awake","reading":"おき"},{"text":"て","gloss":"were awake"},{"text":"い","gloss":"were awake"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"were awake"},{"text":"た","gloss":"were awake"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp5.04.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp5.05","source":"ええ、昨晩 飛んでもない 時に 友だちが 遊びに 来て、おそくまで 話していたのです。","translation":"Yes, my friend came visiting at an unexpected time and we were talking until late hours.","reading":"ええ、さくばんとんでもないときにともだちがあそびにきて、おそくまではなしていたのです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"昨晩","gloss":"last night","reading":"さくばん"},{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"unexpected","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"unexpected"},{"text":"も","gloss":"unexpected"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"unexpected"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"友だち","gloss":"friend","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"遊び","gloss":"visit","reading":"あそび"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"came"},{"text":"おそく","gloss":"late"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"were talking","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"were talking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"were talking"},{"text":"た","gloss":"were talking"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp5.05.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp5.06","source":"昨日 カラーテレビを 見ていましたが、買いましたか。","translation":"You were watching color television yesterday, but did you buy it?","reading":"きのうカラーテレビをみていましたが、かいましたか。","words":[{"text":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday","reading":"きのう"},{"text":"カラー","gloss":"color television"},{"text":"テレビ","gloss":"color television"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"were watching","reading":"み"},{"text":"て","gloss":"were watching"},{"text":"い","gloss":"were watching"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"were watching"},{"text":"た","gloss":"were watching"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"bought","reading":"かい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"bought"},{"text":"た","gloss":"bought"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp5.06.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp5.07","source":"いいえ、飛んでもない ねだんを 言っていたから、買いませんでした。","translation":"No, they were quoting outrageous prices, so I didn’t buy it.","reading":"いいえ、とんでもないねだんをいっていたから、かいませんでした。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"outrageous","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"も","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"ねだん","gloss":"price"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"were quoting","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"were quoting"},{"text":"い","gloss":"were quoting"},{"text":"た","gloss":"were quoting"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"did not buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"did not buy"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"did not buy"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"did not buy"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"did not buy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp5.07.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp5.08","source":"私は きのう 空港で 飛んでもない 人に 会いましたよ。","translation":"I met an unexpected person at the airport yesterday.","reading":"わたくしはきのうくうこうでとんでもないひとにあいましたよ。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きのう","gloss":"yesterday"},{"text":"空港","gloss":"airport","reading":"くうこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"unexpected","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"unexpected"},{"text":"も","gloss":"unexpected"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"unexpected"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"会い","gloss":"met","reading":"あい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp5.08.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp5.09","source":"だれでしたか。","translation":"Who was it?","reading":"だれでしたか。","words":[{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp5.09.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp5.10","source":"ミラーさんですよ。","translation":"It was Mr. Miller.","reading":"ミラーさんですよ。","words":[{"text":"ミラー","gloss":"Miller"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"です","gloss":"was"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp5.10.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp5.11","source":"ミラーさんは 日本に 居たと 思いましたが。","translation":"I thought Mr. Miller was in Japan.","reading":"ミラーさんはにほんにいたとおもいましたが。","words":[{"text":"ミラー","gloss":"Miller"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"居","gloss":"was","reading":"い"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"thought","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"が。","gloss":"but"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp5.11.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp5.12","source":"二週間の 休を もらって 帰って来た そうです。","translation":"I understand he came back with two-week’s vacation.","reading":"にしゅうかんのきゅうをもらってかえってきたそうです。","words":[{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"週間","gloss":"weeks","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"休","gloss":"vacation","reading":"きゅう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もらっ","gloss":"received"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"returned","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"returned"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp5.12.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp5.13","source":"スミス君、君は きのうの 試験に 飛んでもない 間違を していたね。","translation":"Mr. Smith, you made a gross mistake in yesterday’s examination.","reading":"スミスくん、きみはきのうのしけんにとんでもないまちがいをしていたね。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"君、","gloss":"Mr.","reading":"くん"},{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きのう","gloss":"yesterday"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"試験","gloss":"exam","reading":"しけん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"gross","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"gross"},{"text":"も","gloss":"gross"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"gross"},{"text":"間","gloss":"mistake","reading":"まちが"},{"text":"違","gloss":"mistake","reading":"い"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"made"},{"text":"て","gloss":"made"},{"text":"い","gloss":"made"},{"text":"た","gloss":"made"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp5.13.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp5.14","source":"どんな 間違ですか。","translation":"What kind of mistake was it?","reading":"どんなまちがいですか。","words":[{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"間","gloss":"mistake","reading":"まちが"},{"text":"違","gloss":"mistake","reading":"い"},{"text":"です","gloss":"was"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp5.14.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L078.gp5.15","source":"“てんじょう”を electric light と 訳していたよ。","translation":"You translated ’’TENJOO” as ’’electric light.","reading":"“てんじょう”をelectriclightとやくしていたよ。","words":[{"text":"“","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"てんじょう”","gloss":"ceiling"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"electric","gloss":"electric"},{"text":"light","gloss":"light"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"訳し","gloss":"translated","reading":"やくし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"translated"},{"text":"い","gloss":"translated"},{"text":"た","gloss":"translated"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.gp5.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"おそく","gloss":"late (adverbial form of OSOI, be late, be slow)"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"昨日","gloss":"yesterday"},{"word":"テレビ","gloss":"television"},{"word":"空港","gloss":"airport"},{"word":"だれ","gloss":"who?"},{"word":"君、","gloss":"suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Far from one extreme · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Not even a simpler object","paragraphs":["*まんねんひつ どころか えんぴつも ありません* means \"Far from having a fountain pen, I do not even have a pencil.\"","The first object is rejected because the more basic object is also absent."]},{"title":"Qualities and actions also contrast","paragraphs":["*ひらがなが 書ける どころか 読めもしません* means \"Far from being able to write hiragana, I cannot even read it.\"","The same *どころか* contrast follows a quality or an action and supplies the opposite or a more basic failure."]}],"lines":[{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.m1","source":"まんねんひつ どころか えんぴつも ありません。","translation":"Far from having a fountain pen, I do not even have a pencil.","reading":"まんねんひつどころかえんぴつもありません。","words":[{"text":"まんねん","gloss":"fountain pen"},{"text":"ひつ","gloss":"fountain pen"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"か","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencil"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.m2","source":"やさしい どころか むずかしすぎます。","translation":"Far from being easy, it is too difficult.","reading":"やさしいどころかむずかしすぎます。","words":[{"text":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"か","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"むずかし","gloss":"difficult"},{"text":"すぎ","gloss":"too"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.m2.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.m3","source":"ひらがなが 書ける どころか 読めもしません。","translation":"Far from being able to write hiragana, I cannot even read it.","reading":"ひらがながかけるどころかよめもしません。","words":[{"text":"ひらがな","gloss":"hiragana"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"書ける","gloss":"can write","reading":"かける"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"か","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"読め","gloss":"can read","reading":"よめ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.m3.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.01","source":"フランス語 どころか 英語も 出来ません。","translation":"Far from knowing French, I do not even know English.","reading":"フランスごどころかえいごもできません。","words":[{"text":"フランス","gloss":"French"},{"text":"語","gloss":"French","reading":"ご"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"か","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"know","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.02","source":"自動車 どころか テレビも 買えない。","translation":"Far from being able to buy a car, I cannot even buy a television.","reading":"じどうしゃどころかテレビもかえない。","words":[{"text":"自動","gloss":"car","reading":"じどう"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"か","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"テレビ","gloss":"television"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"買え","gloss":"can buy","reading":"かえ"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"cannot"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.03","source":"かん字 どころか ひらがなも 読めません。","translation":"Far from being able to read kanji, I cannot even read hiragana.","reading":"かんじどころかひらがなもよめません。","words":[{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"か","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"ひらがな","gloss":"hiragana"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"読め","gloss":"can read","reading":"よめ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.04","source":"早い どころか もう 終ってしまいました。","translation":"Far from being early, it is already over.","reading":"はやいどころかもうおわってしまいました。","words":[{"text":"早い","gloss":"early","reading":"はやい"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"か","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"終っ","gloss":"ended","reading":"おわっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"ended"},{"text":"しまい","gloss":"completely"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.05","source":"さむい どころか あつすぎます。","translation":"Far from being cold, it is too hot.","reading":"さむいどころかあつすぎます。","words":[{"text":"さむい","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"か","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"あつ","gloss":"hot"},{"text":"すぎ","gloss":"too"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.06","source":"やさしくなる どころか 毎日 むずかしくなって 行きます。","translation":"Far from becoming easier, it is getting more difficult every day.","reading":"やさしくなるどころかまいにちむずかしくなっていきます。","words":[{"text":"やさしく","gloss":"easier"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"か","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"むずかしく","gloss":"more difficult"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"becoming"},{"text":"て","gloss":"becoming"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"continues","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Contrasting reality with expectations · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"The proposed situation is not true","paragraphs":["The question asks whether money is saved each month. *貯金 どころか 毎日の 生活にも 困っています* answers, \"Far from saving money, I have trouble even meeting daily living expenses.\""]},{"title":"The contrary reality follows","paragraphs":["*しかし、雨が 降る どころか 日が てっていますよ* means \"But far from raining, the sun is shining.\"","A *どころか* answer rejects the proposed situation and gives a stronger contrary fact."]}],"lines":[{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.07","source":"日本語が わかる どころか ひらがなも 読めません。","translation":"Far from understanding Japanese, I cannot even read hiragana.","reading":"にほんごがわかるどころかひらがなもよめません。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"わかる","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"か","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"ひらがな","gloss":"hiragana"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"読め","gloss":"can read","reading":"よめ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.08","source":"映画を 見に行く どころか いそがしくて ひまが ありません。","translation":"Far from going to see a movie, I am so busy that I have no free time.","reading":"えいがをみにいくどころかいそがしくてひまがありません。","words":[{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"か","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"いそがしく","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"て","gloss":"so"},{"text":"ひま","gloss":"free time"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.09","source":"あなたは 毎月 貯金していますか。","translation":"Do you save money every month?","reading":"あなたはまいつきちょきんしていますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎月","gloss":"every month","reading":"まいつき"},{"text":"貯金","gloss":"save money","reading":"ちょきん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"do"},{"text":"い","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.10","source":"貯金 どころか 毎日の 生活にも 困っています。","translation":"Far from saving money, I am having trouble even meeting my daily living expenses.","reading":"ちょきんどころかまいにちのせいかつにもこまっています。","words":[{"text":"貯金","gloss":"saving money","reading":"ちょきん"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"か","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"daily","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"生活","gloss":"living expenses","reading":"せいかつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"困っ","gloss":"having trouble","reading":"こまっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"having trouble"},{"text":"い","gloss":"having trouble"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.11","source":"パーカーさんは フランス語が 話せますか。","translation":"Can Mr. Parker speak French?","reading":"パーカーさんはフランスごがはなせますか。","words":[{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"フランス","gloss":"French"},{"text":"語","gloss":"French","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"話せ","gloss":"can speak","reading":"はなせ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.12","source":"フランス語 どころか 英語も あまり 話せないのです。","translation":"Far from speaking French, he cannot even speak English very well.","reading":"フランスごどころかえいごもあまりはなせないのです。","words":[{"text":"フランス","gloss":"French"},{"text":"語","gloss":"French","reading":"ご"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"か","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"英語","gloss":"English","reading":"えいご"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very well"},{"text":"話せ","gloss":"can speak","reading":"はなせ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"cannot"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.13","source":"ラジオによると、今日は 雨が 降る そうですね。","translation":"According to the radio, it is supposed to rain today, isn’t it?","reading":"ラジオによると、きょうはあめがふるそうですね。","words":[{"text":"ラジオ","gloss":"radio"},{"text":"に","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"よる","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"according to"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"will fall","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"supposedly"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.14","source":"そうですか。しかし、雨が 降る どころか 日が てっていますよ。","translation":"Is that so? But far from raining, the sun is shining.","reading":"そうですか。しかし、あめがふるどころかひがてっていますよ。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"fall","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"か","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"日","gloss":"sun","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"てっ","gloss":"shining"},{"text":"て","gloss":"shining"},{"text":"い","gloss":"shining"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.15","source":"奥さんの 御病気は 少しよくなりましたか。","translation":"Has your wife’s illness gotten a little better?","reading":"おくさんのごびょうきはすこしよくなりましたか。","words":[{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"御","gloss":"honorable","reading":"ご"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"better"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"映画","gloss":"movie"},{"word":"ひま","gloss":"leisure time, free"},{"word":"ラジオ","gloss":"radio"},{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"降る","gloss":"to fall (rain) (v.i.)"},{"word":"しかし、","gloss":"however, but"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Answering with strong contrasts · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Two levels of rejection","paragraphs":["*飛んでも ない。広い どころか 私たちには せますぎますよ* means \"Not at all. Far from being large, it is too small for the residents.\"","*飛んでも ない* rejects the question emphatically. The *どころか* clause then replaces \"large\" with the contrary fact."]}],"lines":[{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.16","source":"いいえ、よくなる どころか 悪くなる一方です。","translation":"No, far from getting better, she is only getting worse.","reading":"いいえ、よくなるどころかわるくなるいっぽうです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"better"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"か","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"悪く","gloss":"worse","reading":"わるく"},{"text":"なる","gloss":"become"},{"text":"一方","gloss":"only","reading":"いっぽう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.17","source":"あなたの 借りている 家は 広いですか。","translation":"Is the house you are renting large?","reading":"あなたのかりているいえはひろいですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"借り","gloss":"renting","reading":"かり"},{"text":"て","gloss":"renting"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"renting"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"広い","gloss":"large","reading":"ひろい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.17.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.18","source":"飛んでも ない。広い どころか 私たちには せますぎますよ。","translation":"Not at all. Far from being large, it is too small for us.","reading":"とんでもない。ひろいどころかわたくしたちにはせますぎますよ。","words":[{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"not at all","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"not at all"},{"text":"も","gloss":"not at all"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not at all"},{"text":"広い","gloss":"large","reading":"ひろい"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"か","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"私","gloss":"us","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"us"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"せま","gloss":"small"},{"text":"すぎ","gloss":"too"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is, polite"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.19","source":"日本語は やさしいですか。","translation":"Is Japanese easy?","reading":"にほんごはやさしいですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"やさしい","gloss":"easy"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.20","source":"この へやは 広いですか。","translation":"Is this room large?","reading":"このへやはひろいですか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"へや","gloss":"room"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"広い","gloss":"large","reading":"ひろい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.20.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.21","source":"あなたは 毎月 貯金しますか。","translation":"Do you save money every month?","reading":"あなたはまいつきちょきんしますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎月","gloss":"every month","reading":"まいつき"},{"text":"貯金","gloss":"save money","reading":"ちょきん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.21.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.22","source":"新しい 自動車を 買いますか。","translation":"Will you buy a new car?","reading":"あたらしいじどうしゃをかいますか。","words":[{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.22.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt1.23","source":"日本語は だんだん やさしく なりますか。","translation":"Is Japanese gradually becoming easier?","reading":"にほんごはだんだんやさしくなりますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"だんだん","gloss":"gradually"},{"text":"やさしく","gloss":"easier"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt1.23.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"だんだん","gloss":"gradually, step by step"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Outrageous things and events · Pattern 2 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Outrageous things and events","paragraphs":["*きのうの 試験に 飛んでもない 問題が 出ていました* means \"There was an outrageous question on yesterday's examination.\"","Before a noun, *飛んでもない* describes the thing as outrageous, terrible, absurd, or unexpected."]},{"title":"The noun supplies the context","paragraphs":["*飛んでもない ひ用が かかりました* means \"It cost an outrageous amount of money.\"","The judgment can apply to a problem, mistake, story, time, person, question, or expense."]}],"lines":[{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.m1","source":"私は 飛んでもない 事を しました。","translation":"I did something outrageous.","reading":"わたくしはとんでもないことをしました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"outrageous","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"も","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"did"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.m2","source":"いいえ、飛んでもない。","translation":"No, not at all.","reading":"いいえ、とんでもない。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"not at all","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"not at all"},{"text":"も","gloss":"not at all"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not at all"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.m2.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.01","source":"きのうの 試験に 飛んでもない 問題が 出ていました。","translation":"There was an outrageous question on yesterday’s examination.","reading":"きのうのしけんにとんでもないもんだいがでていました。","words":[{"text":"きのう","gloss":"yesterday"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"試験","gloss":"exam","reading":"しけん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"outrageous","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"も","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"問題","gloss":"question","reading":"もんだい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出","gloss":"appeared","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"appeared"},{"text":"い","gloss":"appeared"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.02","source":"飛んでもない 間違を して、しかられました。","translation":"I made a terrible mistake and was scolded.","reading":"とんでもないまちがいをして、しかられました。","words":[{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"terrible","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"terrible"},{"text":"も","gloss":"terrible"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"terrible"},{"text":"間","gloss":"mistake","reading":"まちが"},{"text":"違","gloss":"mistake","reading":"い"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"made"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"しから","gloss":"scolded"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.03","source":"飛んでもない 話を 聞きました。","translation":"I heard an outrageous story.","reading":"とんでもないはなしをききました。","words":[{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"outrageous","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"も","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"話","gloss":"story","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"聞き","gloss":"heard","reading":"きき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.04","source":"田中さんは 時々 飛んでもない 事を 言います。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka sometimes says outrageous things.","reading":"たなかさんはときどきとんでもないことをいいます。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"outrageous","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"も","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"事","gloss":"things","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"say","reading":"いい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.05","source":"飛んでもない時に 友だちが 遊びに来ました。","translation":"A friend came to visit at a terrible time.","reading":"とんでもないときにともだちがあそびにきました。","words":[{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"terrible","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"terrible"},{"text":"も","gloss":"terrible"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"terrible"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"友だち","gloss":"friend","reading":"ともだち"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"遊び","gloss":"visit","reading":"あそび"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"came","reading":"き"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.05.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.06","source":"きのう 飛んでもない人に あいました。","translation":"Yesterday I met an outrageous person.","reading":"きのうとんでもないひとにあいました。","words":[{"text":"きのう","gloss":"yesterday"},{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"outrageous","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"も","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"あい","gloss":"met"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.07","source":"時々 子供に 飛んでもない しつ問を します。","translation":"Sometimes I ask children outrageous questions.","reading":"ときどきこどもにとんでもないしつもんをします。","words":[{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"outrageous","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"も","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"しつ問","gloss":"question"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"ask"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.07.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.08","source":"飛んでもない ひ用が かかりました。","translation":"It cost an outrageous amount of money.","reading":"とんでもないひようがかかりました。","words":[{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"outrageous","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"も","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"ひ","gloss":"cost"},{"text":"用","gloss":"cost","reading":"よう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"かかり","gloss":"cost"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"話","gloss":"story, talk"},{"word":"時々","gloss":"sometimes, occasionally"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Unexpected questions, people and costs · Pattern 2 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Outrageous or unexpected","paragraphs":["*子供は 時々 飛んでもない しつ問を しますね* means \"Children sometimes ask outrageous questions.\" Here the judgment is \"outrageous.\"","*時々 飛んでもない 所で、飛んでもない人に あうものですね* means \"Sometimes you meet the most unexpected people in the most unexpected places.\"","The noun and its situation determine whether *飛んでもない* means \"outrageous\" or \"unexpected.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.09","source":"このごろ 新しい 家を たてようと 思うと 飛んでもない ひ用が かかりますね。","translation":"These days, if you want to build a new house, it costs an outrageous amount of money, doesn’t it?","reading":"このごろあたらしいいえをたてようとおもうととんでもないひようがかかりますね。","words":[{"text":"このごろ","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"たてよう","gloss":"want to build"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思う","gloss":"think","reading":"おもう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"outrageous","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"も","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"ひ","gloss":"cost"},{"text":"用","gloss":"cost","reading":"よう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"かかり","gloss":"costs"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.10","source":"ええ、何でも 高く なりましたからね。","translation":"Yes, because everything has become expensive.","reading":"ええ、なんでもたかくなりましたからね。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"何","gloss":"everything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"も","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"高く","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかく"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.11","source":"子供は 時々 飛んでもない しつ問を しますね。","translation":"Children sometimes ask outrageous questions, don’t they?","reading":"こどもはときどきとんでもないしつもんをしますね。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"outrageous","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"も","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"しつ問","gloss":"questions"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"ask"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.11.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.12","source":"ええ、私も うちの 子供に 時々 変な しつ問を されて 困る 事が あるんですよ。","translation":"Yes, sometimes my children ask me strange questions and I do not know what to do.","reading":"ええ、わたくしもうちのこどもにときどきへんなしつもんをされてこまることがあるんですよ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"うち","gloss":"my family"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"変","gloss":"strange","reading":"へん"},{"text":"な","gloss":"strange"},{"text":"しつ問","gloss":"questions"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"asked"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"困る","gloss":"am troubled","reading":"こまる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"times","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.12.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.13","source":"ジョンズさんは 時々 教室で 飛んでもない 事を 言って 先生に しかられる そうですね。","translation":"I hear that Mr. Jones sometimes says outrageous things in class and gets scolded by the teacher.","reading":"ジョンズさんはときどききょうしつでとんでもないことをいってせんせいにしかられるそうですね。","words":[{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"教室","gloss":"classroom","reading":"きょうしつ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"outrageous","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"も","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"事","gloss":"things","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"says","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"しから","gloss":"scolded"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"gets"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.13.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.14","source":"ええ、あの生徒は ちょっと 変ですよ。","translation":"Yes, that student is a little strange.","reading":"ええ、あのせいとはちょっとへんですよ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ちょっと","gloss":"a little"},{"text":"変","gloss":"strange","reading":"へん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.14.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.15","source":"時々 飛んでもない 所で、飛んでもない人に あうものですね。","translation":"Sometimes you meet the most unexpected people in the most unexpected places, don’t you?","reading":"ときどきとんでもないところで、とんでもないひとにあうものですね。","words":[{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"unexpected","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"unexpected"},{"text":"も","gloss":"unexpected"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"unexpected"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"in"},{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"unexpected","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"unexpected"},{"text":"も","gloss":"unexpected"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"unexpected"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"あう","gloss":"meet"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"it happens"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.15.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.16","source":"なぜですか。","translation":"Why?","reading":"なぜですか。","words":[{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.16.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.17","source":"昨晩 銀座で パーカーさんに あいましたよ。","translation":"I met Mr. Parker in Ginza last night.","reading":"さくばんぎんざでパーカーさんにあいましたよ。","words":[{"text":"昨晩","gloss":"last night","reading":"さくばん"},{"text":"銀座","gloss":"Ginza","reading":"ぎんざ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"あい","gloss":"met"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"met"},{"text":"た","gloss":"met"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.17.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.18","source":"きのう 田中さんから 飛んでもない 話を 聞きましたよ。","translation":"Yesterday I heard an outrageous story from Mr. Tanaka.","reading":"きのうたなかさんからとんでもないはなしをききましたよ。","words":[{"text":"きのう","gloss":"yesterday"},{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"outrageous","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"も","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"話","gloss":"story","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"聞き","gloss":"heard","reading":"きき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"heard"},{"text":"た","gloss":"heard"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.18.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"思う","gloss":"to think"},{"word":"うち","gloss":"home, house"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"れる","gloss":"to be able to --\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ちょっと","gloss":"a little"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"},{"word":"なぜ","gloss":"why?"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Things described as outrageous · Pattern 2 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Nouns after a strong judgment","paragraphs":["*問題* means \"question\", and *ねだん* means \"price\". The other lines supply a place, mistake, story, thing, and person.","Each noun can follow *TONDE-MO-NAI*. The completed phrase gives a judgment such as \"outrageous\", \"terrible\", or \"unexpected.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.19","source":"どんな 話ですか。","translation":"What kind of story?","reading":"どんなはなしですか。","words":[{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"話","gloss":"story","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.19.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.20","source":"田中さんの 奥さんが 入院しているという 事を 聞きました。","translation":"I heard that Mr. Tanaka’s wife is in the hospital.","reading":"たなかさんのおくさんがにゅういんしているということをききました。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"’s"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"入院","gloss":"is hospitalized","reading":"にゅういん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"is hospitalized"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is hospitalized"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is hospitalized"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"事","gloss":"fact","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"聞き","gloss":"heard","reading":"きき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"heard"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"heard"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.20.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.21","source":"問題","translation":"Question.","reading":"もんだい","words":[{"text":"問題","gloss":"question","reading":"もんだい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.21.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.22","source":"所","translation":"Place.","reading":"ところ","words":[{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.22.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.23","source":"間違い","translation":"Mistake.","reading":"まちがい","words":[{"text":"間違い","gloss":"mistake","reading":"まちがい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.23.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.24","source":"話","translation":"Story.","reading":"はなし","words":[{"text":"話","gloss":"story","reading":"はなし"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.24.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.25","source":"事","translation":"Thing.","reading":"こと","words":[{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.25.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.26","source":"人","translation":"Person.","reading":"ひと","words":[{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.26.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L078.pt2.27","source":"ねだん","translation":"Price.","reading":"ねだん","words":[{"text":"ねだん","gloss":"price"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.pt2.27.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Japanese newspapers compared · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Companies, circulation, and differences","paragraphs":["The questions ask for the number of companies, the major newspapers, daily circulation, and numbered differences from American newspapers.","*それは 何人に 対して 一部の わり合ですか* means \"That is a ratio of one copy for how many people?\" The answer gives three and a half people.","*日本の 新聞は 米国の 新聞とくらべて、先づ 第一に どう違いますか* asks for the first difference. The answer gives political neutrality."]}],"lines":[{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L078.q.001","source":"日本には新聞社の数が多く、百二十社ぐらいあります。その中で大きな新聞社は朝日、毎日、読売、産経などです。発行部数は毎日二千六百万部ぐらいで、三人半に対して一部ぐらいのわり合です。発行部数の一番多いのは、朝日で、毎日六百万部ぐらいです。日本の新聞を米国のとくらべると、先づ第一に日本の新聞は政治的に中立で、どの政とうにもぞくしていません。つまり政治色がないのです。第二に、日本ではかく新聞が朝刊と夕刊を出します。ですから、市内では","translation":"Japan has many newspaper companies, about 120 of them. Among them, the major newspaper companies include the Asahi, Mainichi, Yomiuri, and Sankei. About 26 million copies are issued each day, which is about one copy for every three and a half people. The Asahi has the largest circulation, about six million copies a day. If we compare Japanese newspapers with those of the United States, first, Japanese newspapers are politically neutral and do not belong to any political party. In other words, they have no political coloring. Second, in Japan each newspaper publishes a morning and an evening edition. Therefore, in the cities...","reading":"にほんにはしんぶんしゃのかずがおおく、ひゃくにじゅうしゃぐらいあります。そのなかでおおきなしんぶんしゃはあさひ、まいにち、よみうり、さんけいなどです。はっこうぶすうはまいにちにせんろっぴゃくまんぶぐらいで、さんにんはんにたいしていちぶぐらいのわりあいです。はっこうぶすうのいちばんおおいのは、あさひで、まいにちろっぴゃくまんぶぐらいです。にほんのしんぶんをべいこくのとくらべると、まずだいいちににほんのしんぶんはせいじてきにちゅうりつで、どのせいとうにもぞくしていません。つまりせいじしょくがないのです。だいにに、にほんではかくしんぶんがちょうかんとゆうかんをだします。ですから、しないでは","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper company","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"社","gloss":"newspaper company","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"数","gloss":"number","reading":"かず"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多く、","gloss":"many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"百","gloss":"one hundred","reading":"ひゃく"},{"text":"二十","gloss":"twenty","reading":"にじゅう"},{"text":"社","gloss":"companies","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"その","gloss":"those"},{"text":"中","gloss":"among","reading":"なか"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"major","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper company","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"社","gloss":"newspaper company","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"朝日、","gloss":"Asahi","reading":"あさひ"},{"text":"毎日、","gloss":"Mainichi","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"読売、","gloss":"Yomiuri","reading":"よみうり"},{"text":"産経","gloss":"Sankei","reading":"さんけい"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"},{"text":"発行","gloss":"circulation","reading":"はっこう"},{"text":"部数","gloss":"circulation","reading":"ぶすう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"each day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"二千","gloss":"twenty million","reading":"にせん"},{"text":"六百","gloss":"six million","reading":"ろっぴゃく"},{"text":"万","gloss":"ten-thousand","reading":"まん"},{"text":"部","gloss":"copies","reading":"ぶ"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people"},{"text":"半","gloss":"half"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"対し","gloss":"per","reading":"たいし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"per"},{"text":"一部","gloss":"one copy","reading":"いちぶ"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"わり","gloss":"ratio"},{"text":"合","gloss":"ratio","reading":"あい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"発行","gloss":"circulation","reading":"はっこう"},{"text":"部数","gloss":"circulation","reading":"ぶすう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"numerous","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"朝日","gloss":"Asahi","reading":"あさひ"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"each day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"六百","gloss":"six hundred","reading":"ろっぴゃく"},{"text":"万","gloss":"ten-thousand","reading":"まん"},{"text":"部","gloss":"copies","reading":"ぶ"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"those"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"くらべる","gloss":"compare"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"先づ","gloss":"first"},{"text":"第","gloss":"first"},{"text":"一","gloss":"first"},{"text":"に","gloss":"first"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"政治","gloss":"politics","reading":"せいじ"},{"text":"的","gloss":"politically","reading":"てき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"politically"},{"text":"中立","gloss":"neutral","reading":"ちゅうりつ"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"any"},{"text":"政","gloss":"political party","reading":"せい"},{"text":"とう","gloss":"political party"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"も","gloss":"any"},{"text":"ぞくし","gloss":"do not belong"},{"text":"て","gloss":"do not belong"},{"text":"い","gloss":"do not belong"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"do not belong"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"do not belong"},{"text":"つまり","gloss":"in other words"},{"text":"政治","gloss":"political coloring","reading":"せいじ"},{"text":"色","gloss":"political coloring","reading":"しょく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"no"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"第","gloss":"second","reading":"だい"},{"text":"二","gloss":"second","reading":"に"},{"text":"に、","gloss":"second"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かく","gloss":"each"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"朝刊","gloss":"morning edition","reading":"ちょうかん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"夕刊","gloss":"evening edition","reading":"ゆうかん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出し","gloss":"publish","reading":"だし"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"です","gloss":"therefore"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"市","gloss":"city","reading":"し"},{"text":"内","gloss":"city","reading":"ない"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.q.001.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L078.q.002","source":"そうです。新聞は こうこくで もうける のだから、こう読料は 安く 出来る はずですが、まだ 安くは なりません。しかし、さい近 こうこく料の しゅう入が まして来て、こう読料からの しゅう入と 半々ぐらいに なりましたから、とう分は こう読料は これい上は 上らないでしょう。","translation":"That is right. Since newspapers make money from advertising, subscription rates ought to be low, but they have not become low yet. Recently, however, income from advertising fees has increased and has come to make up about half the revenue, alongside income from subscription fees, so subscription rates probably will not rise any further for the time being.","reading":"そうです。しんぶんはこうこくでもうけるのだから、こうどくりょうはやすくできるはずですが、まだやすくはなりません。しかし、さいきんこうこくりょうのしゅうにゅうがましてきて、こうどくりょうからのしゅうにゅうとはんはんぐらいになりましたから、とうぶんはこうどくりょうはこれいじょうはあがらないでしょう。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"advertising"},{"text":"こく","gloss":"advertising"},{"text":"で","gloss":"from"},{"text":"もうける","gloss":"make money"},{"text":"の","gloss":"reason"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"subscription fee"},{"text":"読","gloss":"subscription fee","reading":"どく"},{"text":"料","gloss":"subscription fee","reading":"りょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"安く","gloss":"low","reading":"やすく"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"can become","reading":"できる"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"should"},{"text":"です","gloss":"be"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"安く","gloss":"low","reading":"やすく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"emphasis"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"have not become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"have not become"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"have not become"},{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"さい","gloss":"recently"},{"text":"近","gloss":"recently","reading":"きん"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"advertising fee"},{"text":"こく","gloss":"advertising fee"},{"text":"料","gloss":"advertising fee","reading":"りょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"income"},{"text":"入","gloss":"income","reading":"にゅう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"まして","gloss":"has increased"},{"text":"来","gloss":"has increased","reading":"き"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"has increased"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"subscription fee"},{"text":"読","gloss":"subscription fee","reading":"どく"},{"text":"料","gloss":"subscription fee","reading":"りょう"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"income"},{"text":"入","gloss":"income","reading":"にゅう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"半々","gloss":"half and half","reading":"はんはん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"became"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"とう分","gloss":"for now"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"subscription fee"},{"text":"読","gloss":"subscription fee","reading":"どく"},{"text":"料","gloss":"subscription fee","reading":"りょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"any further"},{"text":"い","gloss":"any further"},{"text":"上","gloss":"any further","reading":"じょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"emphasis"},{"text":"上ら","gloss":"rise","reading":"あがら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.q.002.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L078.q.003","source":"日本には 新聞社の 数が いくつぐらい ありますか。","translation":"About how many newspaper companies are there in Japan?","reading":"にほんにはしんぶんしゃのかずがいくつぐらいありますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper company","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"社","gloss":"newspaper company","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"数","gloss":"number","reading":"かず"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いく","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.q.003.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L078.q.004","source":"その中で 大きな 新聞社は？","translation":"Which are the major newspaper companies among them?","reading":"そのなかでおおきなしんぶんしゃは？","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"those"},{"text":"中","gloss":"among","reading":"なか"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"major","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper company","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"社","gloss":"newspaper company","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"は？","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.q.004.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L078.q.005","source":"発行部数は 毎日 どのくらい ありますか。","translation":"How many copies are issued each day?","reading":"はっこうぶすうはまいにちどのくらいありますか。","words":[{"text":"発行","gloss":"circulation","reading":"はっこう"},{"text":"部数","gloss":"circulation","reading":"ぶすう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"each day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"much"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.q.005.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L078.q.006","source":"それは 何人に 対して 一部の わり合ですか。","translation":"That is a ratio of one copy for how many people?","reading":"それはなんにんにたいしていちぶのわりあいですか。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"にん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"対し","gloss":"per","reading":"たいし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"per"},{"text":"一部","gloss":"one copy","reading":"いちぶ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"わり","gloss":"ratio"},{"text":"合","gloss":"ratio","reading":"あい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.q.006.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L078.q.007","source":"発行部数の 一番 多いのは どの 新聞ですか。発行部数は どのくらい ありますか。","translation":"Which newspaper has the largest circulation? About how large is its circulation?","reading":"はっこうぶすうのいちばんおおいのはどのしんぶんですか。はっこうぶすうはどのくらいありますか。","words":[{"text":"発行","gloss":"circulation","reading":"はっこう"},{"text":"部数","gloss":"circulation","reading":"ぶすう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"numerous","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"which"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"発行","gloss":"circulation","reading":"はっこう"},{"text":"部数","gloss":"circulation","reading":"ぶすう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"large"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.q.007.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L078.q.008","source":"日本の 新聞は 米国の 新聞とくらべて、先づ 第一に どう違いますか。","translation":"First of all, how do Japanese newspapers differ from American newspapers?","reading":"にほんのしんぶんはべいこくのしんぶんとくらべて、まずだいいちにどうちがいますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"くらべ","gloss":"compare"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"compare"},{"text":"先づ","gloss":"first"},{"text":"第","gloss":"first"},{"text":"一","gloss":"first"},{"text":"に","gloss":"first"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"differ","reading":"ちがい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.q.008.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L078.q.009","source":"第二に どう違いますか。","translation":"How do they differ in the second place?","reading":"だいににどうちがいますか。","words":[{"text":"第","gloss":"second","reading":"だい"},{"text":"二","gloss":"second","reading":"に"},{"text":"に","gloss":"second"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"differ","reading":"ちがい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.q.009.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L078.q.010","source":"さい後に どう違いますか。","translation":"Finally, how do they differ?","reading":"さいごにどうちがいますか。","words":[{"text":"さい後","gloss":"finally"},{"text":"に","gloss":"finally"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"differ","reading":"ちがい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.q.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"多く、","gloss":"many of them"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"つまり","gloss":"in short, in another word"},{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"},{"word":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"さい後","gloss":"last"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Deliveries, prices and advertising · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Service, prices, and revenue","paragraphs":["The questions ask about deliveries, editions, the monthly subscription, and advertising income.","*日本人に とっては どうですか* means \"How is it for Japanese people?\" The answer says the subscription is far from cheap and almost too expensive."]}],"lines":[{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L078.q.011","source":"市内では 配達が 何度 ありますか。","translation":"How many deliveries are there within the city?","reading":"しないでははいたつがなんどありますか。","words":[{"text":"市","gloss":"city","reading":"し"},{"text":"内","gloss":"city","reading":"ない"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"配達","gloss":"deliveries","reading":"はいたつ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"度","gloss":"times","reading":"ど"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.q.011.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L078.q.012","source":"米国でも 朝刊と 夕刊が ありますか。","translation":"Are there morning and evening editions in the United States too?","reading":"べいこくでもちょうかんとゆうかんがありますか。","words":[{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"朝刊","gloss":"morning edition","reading":"ちょうかん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"夕刊","gloss":"evening edition","reading":"ゆうかん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.q.012.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L078.q.013","source":"日本では 新聞の こう読料は どのくらいですか。","translation":"How much is a newspaper subscription in Japan?","reading":"にほんではしんぶんのこうどくりょうはどのくらいですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"subscription fee"},{"text":"読","gloss":"subscription fee","reading":"どく"},{"text":"料","gloss":"subscription fee","reading":"りょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どの","gloss":"how"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"much"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.q.013.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L078.q.014","source":"四百五十円の こう読料は 米国人に とっては 安いですか。","translation":"Is a subscription fee of 450 yen inexpensive for Americans?","reading":"よんひゃくごじゅうえんのこうどくりょうはべいこくじんにとってはやすいですか。","words":[{"text":"四百","gloss":"four hundred","reading":"よんひゃく"},{"text":"五十","gloss":"fifty","reading":"ごじゅう"},{"text":"円","gloss":"yen","reading":"えん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"subscription fee"},{"text":"読","gloss":"subscription fee","reading":"どく"},{"text":"料","gloss":"subscription fee","reading":"りょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"American","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"じん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"安い","gloss":"inexpensive","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.q.014.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L078.q.015","source":"日本人に とっては どうですか。","translation":"How is it for Japanese people?","reading":"にほんじんにとってはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.q.015.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L078.q.016","source":"新聞は 何で もうけますか。","translation":"How do newspapers make money?","reading":"しんぶんはなんでもうけますか。","words":[{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"もうけ","gloss":"make money"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.q.016.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L078.q.017","source":"こう 読料からの しゅう入 と こうこくの しゅう入 は どうですか。","translation":"How do income from subscriptions and income from advertising compare?","reading":"こうどくりょうからのしゅうにゅうとこうこくのしゅうにゅうはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"こう","gloss":"subscription fee"},{"text":"読","gloss":"subscription fee","reading":"どく"},{"text":"料","gloss":"subscription fee","reading":"りょう"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"income"},{"text":"入","gloss":"income","reading":"にゅう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"advertising"},{"text":"こく","gloss":"advertising"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"income"},{"text":"入","gloss":"income","reading":"にゅう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.q.017.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L078.q.018","source":"配達が二度もあります。米国でも朝刊と夕刊がある事はありますが、会社が違うか、新聞の名が違います。つまり日本ではサービスがよいという事になります。それから、さい後に日本の新聞社はざっしを沢山発行しています。このてん米国の新聞社と違います。日本では新聞のこう読料は一か月四百五十円です。四百五十円と言えば、米国のお金になおせば一ドル二十五セントですから、米国人にとっては安い方です。しかし、日本人にとってはそれは安いどころか高すぎるくらいです。特に農家にとっては","translation":"There are even two deliveries. There are morning and evening editions in the United States too, but either the companies are different or the names of the newspapers are different. In other words, this means that service is good in Japan. Then, finally, Japanese newspaper companies publish many magazines. In this respect they differ from American newspaper companies. In Japan, a newspaper subscription is 450 yen a month. Speaking of 450 yen, that is one dollar and twenty-five cents when converted into American money, so it is relatively inexpensive for Americans. However, for Japanese people, far from being inexpensive, it is almost too expensive. This is especially true for farm families.","reading":"はいたつがにどもあります。べいこくでもあさかんとゆうかんがあることはありますが、かいしゃがちがうか、しんぶんのながちがいます。つまりにほんではサービスがよいということになります。それから、さいごににほんのしんぶんしゃはざっしをたくさんはっこうしています。このてんべいこくのしんぶんしゃとちがいます。にほんではしんぶんのこうどくりょうはいっかげつよんひゃくごじゅうえんです。よんひゃくごじゅうえんといえば、べいこくのおかねになおせばいちドルにじゅうごセントですから、べいこくじんにとってはやすいほうです。しかし、にほんじんにとってはそれはやすいどころかたかすぎるくらいです。とくにのうかにとっては","words":[{"text":"配達","gloss":"deliveries","reading":"はいたつ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"度","gloss":"times","reading":"ど"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"朝刊","gloss":"morning edition","reading":"あさかん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"夕刊","gloss":"evening edition","reading":"ゆうかん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"事","gloss":"fact","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"会社","gloss":"companies","reading":"かいしゃ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"違う","gloss":"differ","reading":"ちがう"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"or"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"名","gloss":"names","reading":"な"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"differ","reading":"ちがい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"つまり","gloss":"in other words"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"サービス","gloss":"service"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"事","gloss":"fact","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"means"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"then"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"from"},{"text":"さい後","gloss":"finally"},{"text":"に","gloss":"finally"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper company","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"社","gloss":"newspaper company","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ざっし","gloss":"magazines"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"発行","gloss":"publish","reading":"はっこう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"publish"},{"text":"て","gloss":"publish"},{"text":"い","gloss":"publish"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"publish"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"て","gloss":"respect"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"respect"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper company","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"社","gloss":"newspaper company","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"from"},{"text":"違い","gloss":"differ","reading":"ちがい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"subscription fee"},{"text":"読","gloss":"subscription fee","reading":"どく"},{"text":"料","gloss":"subscription fee","reading":"りょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one"},{"text":"か月","gloss":"month"},{"text":"四百","gloss":"four hundred"},{"text":"五十","gloss":"fifty"},{"text":"円","gloss":"yen"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"四百","gloss":"four hundred","reading":"よんひゃく"},{"text":"五十","gloss":"fifty","reading":"ごじゅう"},{"text":"円","gloss":"yen","reading":"えん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"say","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ば、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"United States","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"お","gloss":"polite prefix"},{"text":"金","gloss":"money","reading":"かね"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なおせ","gloss":"convert"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"ドル","gloss":"dollar"},{"text":"二十","gloss":"twenty","reading":"にじゅう"},{"text":"五","gloss":"five","reading":"ご"},{"text":"セント","gloss":"cents"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"American","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"じん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"安い","gloss":"inexpensive","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"方","gloss":"side","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"安い","gloss":"inexpensive","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"どころ","gloss":"far from"},{"text":"か","gloss":"instead"},{"text":"高","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たか"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"nearly"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"特に","gloss":"especially","reading":"とくに"},{"text":"農家","gloss":"farm families","reading":"のうか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"とっ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"て","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.q.018.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L078.q.019","source":"そうです。新聞はこうこくでもうけるのだから、こう読料は安く出来るはずですが、まだ安くはなりません。しかし、さい近こうこく料のしゅう入がまして来て、こう読料からのしゅう入と半々ぐらいになりましたから、とう分はこう読料はこれい上は上らないでしょう。","translation":"That is right. Since newspapers make money from advertising, subscription fees should be able to be kept low, but they have not come down yet. Recently, however, income from advertising has increased and become about equal to income from subscriptions, so subscription fees will probably not go any higher for the time being.","reading":"そうです。しんぶんはこうこくでもうけるのだから、こうどくりょうはやすくできるはずですが、まだやすくはなりません。しかし、さいきんこうこくりょうのしゅうにゅうがましてきて、こうどくりょうからのしゅうにゅうとはんはんぐらいになりましたから、とうぶんはこうどくりょうはこれいじょうはあがらないでしょう。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that is so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"advertising"},{"text":"こく","gloss":"advertising"},{"text":"で","gloss":"from"},{"text":"もうける","gloss":"make money"},{"text":"の","gloss":"reason"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"subscription fee"},{"text":"読","gloss":"subscription fee","reading":"どく"},{"text":"料","gloss":"subscription fee","reading":"りょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"安く","gloss":"low","reading":"やすく"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"can become","reading":"できる"},{"text":"はず","gloss":"should"},{"text":"です","gloss":"be"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"安く","gloss":"low","reading":"やすく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"emphasis"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"have not become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"have not become"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"have not become"},{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"さい","gloss":"recently"},{"text":"近","gloss":"recently","reading":"きん"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"advertising fee"},{"text":"こく","gloss":"advertising fee"},{"text":"料","gloss":"advertising fee","reading":"りょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"income"},{"text":"入","gloss":"income","reading":"にゅう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"まして","gloss":"has increased"},{"text":"来","gloss":"has increased","reading":"き"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"has increased"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"subscription fee"},{"text":"読","gloss":"subscription fee","reading":"どく"},{"text":"料","gloss":"subscription fee","reading":"りょう"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"income"},{"text":"入","gloss":"income","reading":"にゅう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"半々","gloss":"half and half","reading":"はんはん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"became"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"とう分","gloss":"for now"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"こう","gloss":"subscription fee"},{"text":"読","gloss":"subscription fee","reading":"どく"},{"text":"料","gloss":"subscription fee","reading":"りょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"any further"},{"text":"い","gloss":"any further"},{"text":"上","gloss":"any further","reading":"じょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"emphasis"},{"text":"上ら","gloss":"rise","reading":"あがら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.q.019.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ドル","gloss":"dollar"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Circulation and newspaper company words · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Companies and circulation","paragraphs":["This set covers newspaper companies, circulation, and decimal quantities. *新聞社* means \"newspaper company\", and *発行部数* means \"number of circulation\".","*三てん五人* means \"3.5 persons\". The *てん* between the whole number and the final digit marks the decimal point."]}],"lines":[{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.001","source":"御用","translation":"personal business","reading":"ごよう","words":[{"text":"御用","gloss":"personal business","reading":"ごよう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.001.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.002","source":"新聞社","translation":"newspaper company","reading":"しんぶんしゃ","words":[{"text":"新聞社","gloss":"newspaper company","reading":"しんぶんしゃ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.002.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.003","source":"全く","translation":"truly, entirely","reading":"まったく","words":[{"text":"全く","gloss":"entirely","reading":"まったく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.003.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.004","source":"百二十社","translation":"120 firms","reading":"ひゃくにじゅうしゃ","words":[{"text":"百二十社","gloss":"120 firms","reading":"ひゃくにじゅうしゃ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.004.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.005","source":"英字紙","translation":"English paper","reading":"えいじし","words":[{"text":"英字紙","gloss":"English paper","reading":"えいじし"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.005.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.006","source":"発行部数","translation":"number of circulation","reading":"はっこうぶすう","words":[{"text":"発行部数","gloss":"circulation","reading":"はっこうぶすう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.006.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.007","source":"三てん五人","translation":"3.5 persons","reading":"さんてんごにん","words":[{"text":"三てん五人","gloss":"3.5 people","reading":"さんてんごにん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.007.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.008","source":"一部","translation":"a copy","reading":"いちぶ","words":[{"text":"一部","gloss":"one copy","reading":"いちぶ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.008.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.009","source":"朝日","translation":"Asahi Newspaper Co.","reading":"あさひ","words":[{"text":"朝日","gloss":"Asahi Newspaper","reading":"あさひ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.009.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.010","source":"毎日","translation":"Mainichi Newspaper Co.","reading":"まいにち","words":[{"text":"毎日","gloss":"Mainichi Newspaper","reading":"まいにち"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.010.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.011","source":"読売","translation":"Yomiuri Newspaper Co.","reading":"よみうり","words":[{"text":"読売","gloss":"Yomiuri Newspaper","reading":"よみうり"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.011.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"御用","gloss":"personal business"},{"word":"新聞社","gloss":"newspaper company"},{"word":"全く","gloss":"truly, entirely"},{"word":"百二十社","gloss":"120 firms"},{"word":"英字紙","gloss":"English paper"},{"word":"発行部数","gloss":"number of circulation"},{"word":"三てん五人","gloss":"3.5 persons"},{"word":"朝日","gloss":"Asahi Newspaper Co."},{"word":"読売","gloss":"Yomiuri Newspaper Co."}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Politics, attitudes and proportions · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Politics and proportions","paragraphs":["This set covers political neutrality, numbered order, and proportions. *中立* means \"neutral\", and *わり合* means \"ratio, rate, proportion\".","*第一* means \"the number one\" or \"the first\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.012","source":"産業経済新聞","translation":"Sangyoo Keizai Newspaper Co.","reading":"さんぎょうけいざいしんぶん","words":[{"text":"産業経済新聞","gloss":"Sangyo Keizai Newspaper","reading":"さんぎょうけいざいしんぶん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.012.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.013","source":"第一","translation":"the number one, the first(See Cult. Notes)","reading":"だいいち","words":[{"text":"第一","gloss":"first","reading":"だいいち"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.013.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.014","source":"政治的に","translation":"politically","reading":"せいじてきに","words":[{"text":"政治的に","gloss":"politically","reading":"せいじてきに"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.014.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.015","source":"中立","translation":"neutral","reading":"ちゅうりつ","words":[{"text":"中立","gloss":"neutral","reading":"ちゅうりつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.015.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.016","source":"政とう","translation":"political party","reading":"せいとう","words":[{"text":"政とう","gloss":"political party","reading":"せいとう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.016.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.017","source":"ぞくする","translation":"belong (vi)","reading":"ぞくする","words":[{"text":"ぞくする","gloss":"belong"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.017.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.018","source":"政治色","translation":"political color","reading":"せいじしょく","words":[{"text":"政治色","gloss":"political coloring","reading":"せいじしょく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.018.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.019","source":"立場","translation":"position, standpoint, attitude","reading":"たちば","words":[{"text":"立場","gloss":"position","reading":"たちば"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.019.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.020","source":"対して","translation":"per, to, against","reading":"たいして","words":[{"text":"対して","gloss":"toward","reading":"たいして"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.020.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.021","source":"わり合","translation":"ratio; rate; proportion","reading":"わりあい","words":[{"text":"わり合","gloss":"proportion","reading":"わりあい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.021.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.022","source":"かく","translation":"each (prefix)","reading":"かく","words":[{"text":"かく","gloss":"each"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"産業経済新聞","gloss":"Sangyoo Keizai Newspaper Co."},{"word":"第一","gloss":"the number one, the first(See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"政治的に","gloss":"politically"},{"word":"政とう","gloss":"political party"},{"word":"ぞくする","gloss":"belong (vi)"},{"word":"政治色","gloss":"political color"},{"word":"対して","gloss":"per, to, against"},{"word":"わり合","gloss":"ratio; rate; proportion"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Editions, subscriptions and advertising · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Editions, prices, and contrasts","paragraphs":["This set covers newspaper editions, prices, fees, advertising, and strong contrasts. *朝刊* means \"morning edition\".","*新聞代* means \"newspaper price\". *安いどころか 高すぎる* means \"Cheap? On the contrary, it is too expensive.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":156,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.023","source":"朝刊","translation":"morning edition","reading":"あさかん","words":[{"text":"朝刊","gloss":"morning edition","reading":"あさかん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.023.m4a"},{"number":157,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.024","source":"夕刊","translation":"evening edition","reading":"ゆうかん","words":[{"text":"夕刊","gloss":"evening edition","reading":"ゆうかん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.024.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.025","source":"市内","translation":"within a city","reading":"しない","words":[{"text":"市内","gloss":"within the city","reading":"しない"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.025.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.026","source":"出す","translation":"produce, put out, print (v.t.)","reading":"だす","words":[{"text":"出す","gloss":"put out","reading":"だす"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.026.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.027","source":"ねだん","translation":"price","reading":"ねだん","words":[{"text":"ねだん","gloss":"price"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.027.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.028","source":"こう読料","translation":"subscription (charge)","reading":"こうどくりょう","words":[{"text":"こう読料","gloss":"subscription charge","reading":"こうどくりょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.028.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.029","source":"新聞代","translation":"newspaper price (See Cult, Notes)","reading":"しんぶんだい","words":[{"text":"新聞代","gloss":"newspaper price","reading":"しんぶんだい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.029.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.030","source":"飛んでもない","translation":"absurd, preposterous (See Cult, Notes)","reading":"とんでもない","words":[{"text":"飛んでもない","gloss":"preposterous","reading":"とんでもない"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.030.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.031","source":"安いどころか 高すぎる","translation":"cheap? On the contrary it is too expensive (See Gram, Notes)","reading":"やすいどころかたかすぎる","words":[{"text":"安いどころか高すぎる","gloss":"far from cheap","reading":"やすいどころかたかすぎる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.031.m4a"},{"number":165,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.032","source":"こうこく","translation":"advertisement","reading":"こうこく","words":[{"text":"こうこく","gloss":"advertisement"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.032.m4a"},{"number":166,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.033","source":"もうける","translation":"make profit (y, t.)","reading":"もうける","words":[{"text":"もうける","gloss":"make a profit"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.033.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"市内","gloss":"within a city"},{"word":"こう読料","gloss":"subscription (charge)"},{"word":"新聞代","gloss":"newspaper price (See Cult, Notes)"},{"word":"飛んでもない","gloss":"absurd, preposterous (See Cult, Notes)"},{"word":"安いどころか高すぎる","gloss":"cheap? On the contrary it is too expensive (See Gram, Notes)"},{"word":"こうこく","gloss":"advertisement"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Publishing and television words · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Publishing and television","paragraphs":["This set covers advertising fees, publishing, proportions, points, and television. *こうこく料* means \"advertisement charge\".","*カラー テレビ* and *カラー、テレビ* both mean \"color television\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":167,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.034","source":"こうこく料","translation":"advertisement charge","reading":"こうこくりょう","words":[{"text":"こうこく料","gloss":"advertising charge","reading":"こうこくりょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.034.m4a"},{"number":168,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.035","source":"半々","translation":"half and half","reading":"はんはん","words":[{"text":"半々","gloss":"half and half","reading":"はんはん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.035.m4a"},{"number":169,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.036","source":"とう分","translation":"for the time being","reading":"とうぶん","words":[{"text":"とう分","gloss":"for now","reading":"とうぶん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.036.m4a"},{"number":170,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.037","source":"発行する","translation":"to publish","reading":"はっこうする","words":[{"text":"発行する","gloss":"publish","reading":"はっこうする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.037.m4a"},{"number":171,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.038","source":"てん","translation":"point (See Cult, Notes)","reading":"てん","words":[{"text":"てん","gloss":"point"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.038.m4a"},{"number":172,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.039","source":"カラー テレビ","translation":"color television","reading":"カラーテレビ","words":[{"text":"カラーテレビ","gloss":"color television"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.039.m4a"},{"number":173,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.040","source":"カラー、テレビ","translation":"color television","reading":"カラー、テレビ","words":[{"text":"カラー、テレビ","gloss":"color television"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.040.m4a"},{"number":174,"id":"ja.dli.L078.w.041","source":"つまり","translation":"in short, in another word","reading":"つまり","words":[{"text":"つまり","gloss":"in short"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L078.w.041.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":6,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\n1a Name some of the big newspaper firms in Japan.\n\n1b Compare Japanese newspaper and American newspaper.\n\n1c Talk about number of subscription, subscription fee, etc.\n\n2a Look at the pictures on Pages 284 to 288 and talk about some of the advertisements."},{"section":7,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.\n\n2 Study Grammar Perception Drill.\n\n3 Study Pattern Practice and do the exercise following each pattern.\n\n4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.\n\n5 Read the Explanatory Notes.\n\n6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercises given."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"こうこく料","gloss":"advertisement charge"},{"word":"発行する","gloss":"to publish"},{"word":"てん","gloss":"point (See Cult, Notes)"},{"word":"カラーテレビ","gloss":"color television"}],"paradigms":[]}]}