{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L079","title":"Lesson 79","stage":"Reading Japan","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 79: types of magazine publishing · dialogue 1 of 4, press freedom and responsibility · dialogue 2 of 4, changing magazine readership · dialogue 3 of 4, magazines reflecting population change · dialogue 4 of 4, listing examples and excuses · perception drill, lists, listing people, listing food and study topics · pattern 1 3 of 3, saying nothing at all · pattern 2 1 of 3, leaving matters undecided · pattern 2 2 of 3, asking what was said · pattern 2 3 of 3, magazine publishing and vulgarity · questions 1 of 2, responsibility and changing readership · questions 2 of 2, publications, freedom, people, birth control and rarity · word list 4 of 4.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/77","lines":152},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/76","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/78","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Types of magazine publishing · Dialogue 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Weekly, monthly and yearly magazines","paragraphs":["Two speakers discuss the kinds of magazines that Japanese newspaper firms publish.","*色々 あります。週刊 雑誌、月刊 雑誌も ありますし、年刊のも かなり 出ています* means \"There are all kinds. There are weekly, monthly and quite a few yearly publications.\"","Some weekly magazines are published by newspaper firms and others by independent magazine companies."]},{"title":"A class of magazines","paragraphs":["In *日本の 雑誌るいには 下品なのが ありますね*, *るい* marks magazines as a class or variety.","The line means \"There are some vulgar Japanese magazines, are there not?\"","In *言ろんの 自由 だの 出ぱんの 自由 だの*, repeated *だの* gives freedom of speech and publication as examples."]},{"title":"Kanji: 雑, 誌, 由","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 言, 下","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L079.dlg.001","source":"日本の 新聞社は 雑誌を 沢山 出すと おっしゃいましたが、どんな 雑誌ですか。","translation":"You said that the Japanese newspaper firms put out a lot of magazines, but what kind of magazines are they?","reading":"にほんのしんぶんしゃはざっしをたくさんだすとおっしゃいましたが、どんなざっしですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper company","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"社","gloss":"newspaper company","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"出す","gloss":"put out","reading":"だす"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"おっしゃい","gloss":"said"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L079.dlg.002","source":"色々 あります。週刊 雑誌、月刊 雑誌も ありますし、年刊のも かなり 出ています。","translation":"There are all kinds. There are weekly magazines and monthly magazines and quite a few yearly publications are out too.","reading":"いろいろあります。しゅうかんざっし、げっかんざっしもありますし、ねんかんのもかなりでています。","words":[{"text":"色々","gloss":"various kinds","reading":"いろいろ"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"週刊","gloss":"weekly","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"雑誌、","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"月刊","gloss":"monthly","reading":"げっかん"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"年刊","gloss":"yearly","reading":"ねんかん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"かなり","gloss":"quite a few"},{"text":"出","gloss":"are out","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are out"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are out"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"are out"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L079.dlg.003","source":"その 外にも 特別に ルポを 出す そうですね。","translation":"I understand they put out special reports in addition to those, but is that true?","reading":"そのほかにもとくべつにルポをだすそうですね。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"those"},{"text":"外","gloss":"addition","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"特別","gloss":"specially","reading":"とくべつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ルポ","gloss":"reports"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出す","gloss":"put out","reading":"だす"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L079.dlg.004","source":"出しますが、それは 少いです。ある社では 四半き毎に 出している ようです。又ある社では 何か 大きな 問題が あると、そのつど 出します。","translation":"They do, but only a few. It seems some companies put out one quarterly, and some companies publish one every time some big problem comes up.","reading":"だしますが、それはすくないです。あるしゃではしはんきごとにだしているようです。またあるしゃではなにかおおきなもんだいがあると、そのつどだします。","words":[{"text":"出し","gloss":"publish","reading":"だし"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少い","gloss":"few","reading":"すくない"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"社","gloss":"company","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"四半","gloss":"quarter","reading":"しはん"},{"text":"き","gloss":"quarter"},{"text":"毎","gloss":"every","reading":"ごと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"time"},{"text":"出し","gloss":"put out","reading":"だし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"put out"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"put out"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"又","gloss":"also","reading":"また"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"some"},{"text":"社","gloss":"company","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"something","reading":"なに"},{"text":"か","gloss":"something"},{"text":"大きな","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきな"},{"text":"問題","gloss":"problem","reading":"もんだい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"arises"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"つど","gloss":"occasion"},{"text":"出し","gloss":"publish","reading":"だし"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L079.dlg.005","source":"日本の 雑誌るいには 下品なのが ありますね。","translation":"There are some vulgar Japanese magazines, aren’t there?","reading":"にほんのざっしるいにはげひんなのがありますね。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"るい","gloss":"kinds"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"下品","gloss":"vulgar","reading":"げひん"},{"text":"な","gloss":"that are"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L079.dlg.006","source":"戦後、言ろんの 自由 だの 出ぱんの 自由 だの 言って、飛んでもない事を 言ったり 書いたりしています。","translation":"After the war they said and wrote outrageous things in the name of freedom of speech and freedom of the press and so forth.","reading":"せんご、げんろんのじゆうだのしゅっぱんのじゆうだのいって、とんでもないことをいったりかいたりしています。","words":[{"text":"戦後、","gloss":"after the war","reading":"せんご"},{"text":"言","gloss":"speech","reading":"げん"},{"text":"ろ","gloss":"speech"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"speech"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"自由","gloss":"freedom","reading":"じゆう"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"出","gloss":"publication"},{"text":"ぱん","gloss":"publication"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"自由","gloss":"freedom","reading":"じゆう"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"claiming","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"claiming"},{"text":"飛ん","gloss":"outrageous","reading":"とん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"も","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"事","gloss":"things","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"things like"},{"text":"書い","gloss":"write","reading":"かい"},{"text":"たり","gloss":"things like"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do such things"},{"text":"て","gloss":"do such things"},{"text":"い","gloss":"do such things"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"do such things"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"A 1 ---DANO---DANO ”and”, ”or”, ”and the like”, ”and so forth”, ”and what not.” Following nominals, interrogative pronouns and the basic form of i-adjectives and verbs, both in affirmative and negative, DANO--DANO expresses an idea of ”such-and-such and so forth”, ”such-and-such and the like”, etc. Note: The accusative ”O” is generally not used. Example: KANJI DANO HIRAGANA DANO. ”Kanji and Hiragana and so forth.” ANO HITO WA NAN DANO KAN DANO ITTE KAERIMASEN. ”He is saying this and that and doesn’t go home.” RINGO DANO MOMO DANO KAIMASHITA. ”I bought apples and peaches and so forth.” ISOGASHII DANO ATAMA GA ITAI DANO ITTE KIMASEN DESHITA. ”He didn’t come, saying he is busy and has a headache and the like.” ANO HITO WA KURU DANO KONAI DANO ITTE HAKKIRI SHIMASEN. ”He is not very definite saying he is coming and not coming and so forth.”"},{"section":2,"text":"NANTOMO --- NAI ”not a bit”; ”not at all” or ”nothing” NANTOMO followed by a negative expression expresses an idea of ”nothing (or anything)”, ”not a bit”, or ”not at all.” Examples: NANTOMO IEMASEN. ”can’t say anything.” ”indescribable” ”Inexpressible” NANTOMO OMOWANAI ”make nothing of” ”Do not hesitate” ”make no scruple of” SONO MONDAI NI TSUITEWA NANTOMO MOOSAREMASEN. ”I cannot say anything definite on that question.” IIE, NANTOMO ARIMASEN. ”No, nothing (I am all right).” NANTOMO IENAI YOI KESHIKI DESU. ”It is an indescribably beautiful scene.”"},{"section":3,"text":"Shuukan Zasshi Some of the weekly magazines are published by newspaper firms and some by independent magazine companies. There were about 60 different weekly magazines in 1960 which was the peak year , but this number has been reduced to about 30. Some of the popular weekly magazines are; SHUUKAN MAINICHI, SHUUKAN YOMIURI, SHUUKAN ASAHI, SHUUKAN MYOOJOO, SHUUKAN ASAHI GEINOO, SHUUKAN MAAGARETTO, SHUUKAN YANGU REDEI, SHUUKAN SEBUN, ASAHI GURAFU, MAINICHI GURAFU, etc."},{"section":4,"text":"--- RUI RUI alone means ”a sort”, a kind”, or ”a variety.” However, RUI at times is used as a suffix and is used with some common nouns to indicate ”---- class”, ”--- family”, ”---- species”, or ”variety of----.” Examples: ZASSHIRUI ”variety of magazine” or ’magazines” KUDAMONORUI ”fruits” or ”fruits family” KIKAIRUI ”all kinds of machinery”"},{"section":5,"text":"----MUKI MUKI alone means ”suitable”, or ”becoming”, but it is used, in most cases, as a suffix with nouns to mean ”suitable for”, ”for”, or ”suited for”. Examples; NATSU-MUKI NO YOOFUKU ”suits for summer wear” TAISHUU-MUKI NO EIGA. ”movies suitable for the general public” FUJIN-MUKI NO ZASSHI ”magazines suited for ladies” JIMUSHO-MUKI NO IE ”house suitable for an office.”"}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"出す","gloss":"to mail, send, take out"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"し、","gloss":"city"},{"word":"年刊","gloss":"yearly publication"},{"word":"かなり","gloss":"fairly"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ルポ","gloss":"report"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"き","gloss":"counter for airplanes (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"大きな","gloss":"big, large (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"るい","gloss":"sort, kin^J (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"下品","gloss":"vulgar, unrefined"},{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"戦後、","gloss":"after a war"},{"word":"自由","gloss":"freedom"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Press freedom and responsibility · Dialogue 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Freedom with responsibility","paragraphs":["The speakers discuss freedom of expression, responsibility and the self-restraint of magazine firms.","*そういう 表現の 自由は 責任を ともなわないと 困りますね* means \"If such freedom of expression does not accompany responsibility, it will be embarrassing.\"","In *何とも することが 出来なかったんです*, *何とも* joins a negative expression. The police \"could not do anything about it.\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 育","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 青, 全, 現","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L079.dlg.007","source":"そういう 表現の 自由は 責任を ともなわないと 困りますね。","translation":"If such freedom of expression does not go hand-in-hand with responsibility, it will be embarrassing, won’t it?","reading":"そういうひょうげんのじゆうはせきにんをともなわないとこまりますね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"such"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"such"},{"text":"表現","gloss":"expression","reading":"ひょうげん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"自由","gloss":"freedom","reading":"じゆう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"責任","gloss":"responsibility","reading":"せきにん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ともなわ","gloss":"accompany"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"if"},{"text":"困り","gloss":"be troublesome","reading":"こまり"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L079.dlg.008","source":"そうですとも。しかし、一時は けいさつの 方でも 何とも することが 出来なかったんです。","translation":"Of course it is. However, for a time even the police couldn’t do anything about it.","reading":"そうですとも。しかし、いちじはけいさつのほうでもなんともすることができなかったんです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"も。","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"一時","gloss":"for a time","reading":"いちじ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"けいさつ","gloss":"police"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"方","gloss":"side","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"among"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"at"},{"text":"も","gloss":"all"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"could","reading":"でき"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L079.dlg.009","source":"今では けいさつが やかましいんですか。","translation":"Are the police strict now?","reading":"いまではけいさつがやかましいんですか。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"けいさつ","gloss":"police"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"やかましい","gloss":"strict"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L079.dlg.010","source":"別に どうとか 言うのでは ないんでしょうが、社の 方で 自しゅくする ように なったんでしょう。","translation":"Probably they haven’t said anything specially but eventually the magazine firms have become self-restrained.","reading":"べつにどうとかいうのではないんでしょうが、しゃのほうでじしゅくするようになったんでしょう。","words":[{"text":"別","gloss":"particularly","reading":"べつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"particularly"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"anything"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"か","gloss":"or something"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"社","gloss":"company","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"方","gloss":"side","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"自","gloss":"self-restrain","reading":"じ"},{"text":"しゅくする","gloss":"self-restrain"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"way"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L079.dlg.011","source":"あまり ひどいのは どうとくにも 悪いし、青年や 少年少女の 教育にも 悪いですからね。","translation":"Magazines that are too outrageous are bad for morality and also bad for youth education, so ---","reading":"あまりひどいのはどうとくにもわるいし、せいねんやしょうねんしょうじょのきょういくにもわるいですからね。","words":[{"text":"あまり","gloss":"too"},{"text":"ひどい","gloss":"outrageous"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"for morality"},{"text":"とくに","gloss":"for morality"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"青年","gloss":"young people","reading":"せいねん"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"少年","gloss":"boys","reading":"しょうねん"},{"text":"少女","gloss":"girls","reading":"しょうじょ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"教育","gloss":"education","reading":"きょういく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L079.dlg.012","source":"全くです。しかし、表現の 自由ということは 大切ですね。","translation":"Absolutely. However, freedom of expression is an important thing, no doubt.","reading":"まったくです。しかし、ひょうげんのじゆうということはたいせつですね。","words":[{"text":"全く","gloss":"absolutely","reading":"まったく"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"表現","gloss":"expression","reading":"ひょうげん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"自由","gloss":"freedom","reading":"じゆう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大切","gloss":"important","reading":"たいせつ"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"表現","gloss":"expression"},{"word":"責任","gloss":"responsibility"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"しかし、","gloss":"however, but"},{"word":"一時","gloss":"for a time"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"やかましい","gloss":"noisy"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"青年","gloss":"young man, adolescent"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"少年","gloss":"youth, boy, juvenile"},{"word":"少女","gloss":"young (little) girl"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"全く","gloss":"truly, entirely"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Changing magazine readership · Dialogue 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Magazines for a group","paragraphs":["The speakers compare magazines for children, women and the general public.","*子供の 雑誌、女性の 雑誌、たいしゅう向きの 雑誌など 色々 あります* means \"There are magazines for children, women and the general public, among others.\"","*向き* follows a noun and means \"suitable for\" or \"suited for.\" *たいしゅう向きの 雑誌* is a magazine suited for the general public."]},{"title":"Kanji: 性","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L079.dlg.013","source":"ふつう どんな 雑誌が ありますか。","translation":"What kinds of magazines are there normally?","reading":"ふつうどんなざっしがありますか。","words":[{"text":"ふつう","gloss":"normally"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kinds"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L079.dlg.014","source":"子供の 雑誌、女性の 雑誌、たいしゅう向きの 雑誌など 色々 あります。","translation":"There are all sorts of magazines, like children’s magazines, women’s magazines, popular magazines, etc.","reading":"こどものざっし、じょせいのざっし、たいしゅうむきのざっしなどいろいろあります。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"雑誌、","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"女性","gloss":"women","reading":"じょせい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"雑誌、","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"general public"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"general public"},{"text":"向き","gloss":"intended for","reading":"むき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"色々","gloss":"various kinds","reading":"いろいろ"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L079.dlg.015","source":"では 下品な くせものというのは たいしゅう 雑誌ですね。","translation":"Then, so-called vulgar villains are the popular magazines, are they not?","reading":"ではげひんなくせものというのはたいしゅうざっしですね。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"then"},{"text":"は","gloss":"then"},{"text":"下品","gloss":"vulgar","reading":"げひん"},{"text":"な","gloss":"that are"},{"text":"くせもの","gloss":"villains"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"popular"},{"text":"しゅう","gloss":"popular"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L079.dlg.016","source":"そうです。しかし、下品な 雑誌は つづかず、千九百六十二年ごろから 見ると、ずい分 へっています。","translation":"That’s right. However, vulgar magazines don’t last long and when compared to the year 1962, they decreased quite a bit.","reading":"そうです。しかし、げひんなざっしはつづかず、せんきゅうひゃくろくじゅうにねんごろからみると、ずいぶんへっています。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"下品","gloss":"vulgar","reading":"げひん"},{"text":"な","gloss":"that are"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"つづか","gloss":"last"},{"text":"ず、","gloss":"not"},{"text":"千","gloss":"one thousand","reading":"せん"},{"text":"九百","gloss":"nine hundred","reading":"きゅうひゃく"},{"text":"六十","gloss":"sixty","reading":"ろくじゅう"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"ごろ","gloss":"around"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"見る","gloss":"comparing","reading":"みる"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"considerably"},{"text":"へっ","gloss":"have decreased"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have decreased"},{"text":"い","gloss":"have decreased"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"have decreased"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L079.dlg.017","source":"さい近 人気のある 雑誌というのは どんな 雑誌ですか。","translation":"What kind of magazines have been so-called popular magazines in recent years?","reading":"さいきんにんきのあるざっしというのはどんなざっしですか。","words":[{"text":"さい","gloss":"recently"},{"text":"近","gloss":"recently","reading":"きん"},{"text":"人気","gloss":"popularity","reading":"にんき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"having"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L079.dlg.018","source":"ぎじゅつ的な せんもんの 雑誌、女性の 雑誌などです。","translation":"They are the technical magazines, women’s magazines, and so forth.","reading":"ぎじゅつてきなせんもんのざっし、じょせいのざっしなどです。","words":[{"text":"ぎじゅつ","gloss":"technical"},{"text":"的","gloss":"technical","reading":"てき"},{"text":"な","gloss":"technical"},{"text":"せんもん","gloss":"specialty"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"雑誌、","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"女性","gloss":"women","reading":"じょせい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"女性","gloss":"female, women"},{"word":"しゅう","gloss":"state"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."},{"word":"くせもの","gloss":"villain, suspect"},{"word":"千","gloss":"1,000"},{"word":"九百","gloss":"900"},{"word":"六十","gloss":"60"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ずい分","gloss":"very much"},{"word":"人気","gloss":"popularity"},{"word":"せんもん","gloss":"specialty"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Magazines reflecting population change · Dialogue 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Fewer magazines for young children","paragraphs":["The speakers connect magazine readership with changes in the population of Japan.","*おさない 子供のための 雑誌が へって来たのも おもしろい 現しょうです* means \"The decline in magazines for young children is also an interesting phenomenon.\"","*人口の うつりかわりが 現われて いるんですね* adds that population changes are being revealed."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L079.dlg.019","source":"さい近の 社会の うつりかわりが よく 現われていますね。","translation":"They show the changes of recent society very well, don’t they?","reading":"さいきんのしゃかいのうつりかわりがよくあらわれていますね。","words":[{"text":"さい","gloss":"recent"},{"text":"近","gloss":"recent","reading":"きん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"社会","gloss":"society","reading":"しゃかい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"うつりかわり","gloss":"changes"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"現われ","gloss":"are reflected","reading":"あらわれ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are reflected"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are reflected"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are reflected"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L079.dlg.020","source":"そうです。それと同じ様に、おさない 子供のための 雑誌が へって来たのも おもしろい 現しょうです。","translation":"Yes, they do. Similarly, it is an interesting phenomenon that the magazines for young children have decreased in number.","reading":"そうです。それとおなじように、おさないこどものためのざっしがへってきたのもおもしろいげんしょうです。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"と","gloss":"with"},{"text":"同じ","gloss":"same","reading":"おなじ"},{"text":"様","gloss":"way","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に、","gloss":"in"},{"text":"おさない","gloss":"young"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"の","gloss":"for"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"benefit"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"へっ","gloss":"have decreased"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have decreased"},{"text":"来","gloss":"have decreased","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"have decreased"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"おもしろい","gloss":"interesting"},{"text":"現","gloss":"phenomenon","reading":"げん"},{"text":"しょう","gloss":"phenomenon"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L079.dlg.021","source":"人口の うつりかわりが 現われて いるんですね。","translation":"Population changes are revealed, aren’t they?","reading":"じんこうのうつりかわりがあらわれているんですね。","words":[{"text":"人口","gloss":"population","reading":"じんこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"うつりかわり","gloss":"changes"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"現われ","gloss":"are revealed","reading":"あらわれ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are revealed"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are revealed"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.dlg.021.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L079.dlg.022","source":"そうです。かこ 十五、六年 さんじ せいげんを やっていますから。","translation":"That’s right. Since they have been practicing birth control for the past 15 or 16 years.","reading":"そうです。かこじゅうご、ろくねんさんじせいげんをやっていますから。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"かこ","gloss":"past"},{"text":"十","gloss":"ten","reading":"じゅう"},{"text":"五、六","gloss":"five or six","reading":"ごろく"},{"text":"年","gloss":"years","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"さんじ","gloss":"birth control"},{"text":"せいげん","gloss":"birth control"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やっ","gloss":"have practiced"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have practiced"},{"text":"い","gloss":"have practiced"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"have practiced"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.dlg.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"社会","gloss":"society"},{"word":"うつりかわり","gloss":"changes"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"に、","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"おさない","gloss":"young, of tender age"},{"word":"おもしろい","gloss":"interesting, to be fun"},{"word":"しょう","gloss":"award, reward"},{"word":"人口","gloss":"population"},{"word":"かこ","gloss":"past"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"から。","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Listing examples and excuses · Perception drill","teaching":[{"title":"Several excuses, with more unstated","paragraphs":["*いいえ、かぜを 引いただの、あたまがいたい だの 言って 来ませんでした* means \"No, he did not come, saying he had a cold and a headache, and so forth.\"","Repeated *だの* presents loose examples. The list leaves other possible excuses unstated."]},{"title":"Examples joined by repeated だの","paragraphs":["*だの* follows each item and means \"and so forth,\" \"and the like\" or \"and what not.\"","It can follow nouns, question words, I-adjectives or verbs in the basic affirmative or negative form.","*かん字 だの ひらがな だの 習わなければ なりません* means \"I have to learn kanji, hiragana and so forth.\" *を* is generally omitted before *だの*."]},{"title":"Nothing or indescribable","paragraphs":["*何とも* before a negative expression means \"nothing,\" \"not a bit\" or \"not at all.\"","*何とも 言わないで 帰って行きましたよ* means \"He went home without saying anything.\"","In *何とも 言えない 美しい けしきです*, the same combination means that the beautiful scenery is indescribable."]}],"lines":[{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L079.gp1.01","source":"かん字 だの ひらがな だの 習わなければ なりません。","translation":"I have to learn Kanjl and Hiragana and so forth","reading":"かんじだのひらがなだのならわなければなりません。","words":[{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"ひらがな","gloss":"hiragana"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"習わ","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならわ"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L079.gp1.02","source":"きらい だの まずい だの 言って 食べません。","translation":"He doesn’t eat, saying that he doesn’t like it and that it is poor and so forth.","reading":"きらいだのまずいだのいってたべません。","words":[{"text":"きらい","gloss":"dislike"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"まずい","gloss":"tasteless"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"say"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L079.gp1.03","source":"かぜを 引いた だの なんだ だの 言っていました。","translation":"He was saying that he has caught a cold and what not.","reading":"かぜをひいただのなんだだのいっていました。","words":[{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"a cold"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"引い","gloss":"caught","reading":"ひい"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"what"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"was saying","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was saying"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was saying"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was saying"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"was saying"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L079.gp1.04","source":"あなたは 今晩 何をしますか。","translation":"What are you going to do tonight?","reading":"あなたはこんばんなにをしますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L079.gp1.05","source":"ダイアログだの かん字だの 勉強しなければ なりません。","translation":"I have to study the Dialogue, Kanji, and so forth.","reading":"ダイアログだのかんじだのべんきょうしなければなりません。","words":[{"text":"ダイアログ","gloss":"dialogue"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L079.gp1.06","source":"あの店では 何を 売っていますか。","translation":"What do they sell at that store?","reading":"あのみせではなにをうっていますか。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"店","gloss":"store","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"売っ","gloss":"sell","reading":"うっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"sell"},{"text":"い","gloss":"sell"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"sell"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L079.gp1.07","source":"なんだの かんだの 売っています。","translation":"They sell this and that.","reading":"なんだのかんだのうっています。","words":[{"text":"なん","gloss":"this"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"かん","gloss":"that"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"売っ","gloss":"sell","reading":"うっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"sell"},{"text":"い","gloss":"sell"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"sell"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L079.gp1.08","source":"田中さんは きのう ピクニックに 行きましたか。","translation":"Did Mr. Tanaka go to a picnic yesterday?","reading":"たなかさんはきのうピクニックにいきましたか。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きのう","gloss":"yesterday"},{"text":"ピクニック","gloss":"picnic"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L079.gp1.09","source":"いいえ、かぜを 引いただの、あたまがいたい だの 言って 来ませんでした。","translation":"No, he didn’t come, saying that he has caught a cold and that he has a headache and so forth.","reading":"いいえ、かぜをひいただの、あたまがいたいだのいってきませんでした。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"引い","gloss":"catch","reading":"ひい"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"の、","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"あたま","gloss":"head"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いたい","gloss":"hurts"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"saying","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"saying"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L079.gp1.10","source":"今日は雨が降る だの なんだの ラジオで 言っていましたが、いい天気になりましたね。","translation":"They were saying on the radio that it is going to rain today and so forth, but it turned out to be nice weather, didn’t it?","reading":"きょうはあめがふるだのなんだのラジオでいっていましたが、いいてんきになりましたね。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"rain","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"this and that"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"ラジオ","gloss":"radio"},{"text":"で","gloss":"on"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"were saying","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"were saying"},{"text":"い","gloss":"were saying"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"were saying"},{"text":"た","gloss":"were saying"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L079.gp1.11","source":"ええ、ラジオの 言う事は 時々 信用出来ませんよ。","translation":"Yes, sometimes you can’t trust what they say on the radio.","reading":"ええ、ラジオのいうことはときどきしんようできませんよ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"ラジオ","gloss":"radio"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"say","reading":"いう"},{"text":"事","gloss":"things","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"信用","gloss":"trust","reading":"しんよう"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.gp1.11.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L079.gp1.12","source":"知っている人が 来ていましたか。","translation":"Was there anyone that you knew?","reading":"しっているひとがきていましたか。","words":[{"text":"知っ","gloss":"knew","reading":"しっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"knew"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"knew"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"来","gloss":"was there","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was there"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was there"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was there"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was there"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.gp1.12.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L079.gp1.13","source":"ええ、スミス だの 田中だの 知っている人が 沢山 来ていました。","translation":"Yes, Smith and Tanaka and many others that I knew were there.","reading":"ええ、スミスだのたなかだのしっているひとがたくさんきていました。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"知っ","gloss":"knew","reading":"しっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"knew"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"knew"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"来","gloss":"were there","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"were there"},{"text":"い","gloss":"were there"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"were there"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"were there"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.gp1.13.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L079.gp1.14","source":"何とも 言えません。","translation":"I can’t say anything.","reading":"なんともいえません。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"in any way"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"can say","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.gp1.14.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L079.gp1.15","source":"田中さんは 帰る 前に 何か 言っていましたか。","translation":"Was Mr. Tanaka saying something before he went home?","reading":"たなかさんはかえるまえになにかいっていましたか。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"帰る","gloss":"go home","reading":"かえる"},{"text":"前","gloss":"before","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"何","gloss":"some","reading":"なに"},{"text":"か","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"was saying","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was saying"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was saying"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"was saying"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was saying"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.gp1.15.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L079.gp1.16","source":"いいえ、何とも 言わないで 帰って行きましたよ。","translation":"No, he went home without saying anything.","reading":"いいえ、なんともいわないでかえっていきましたよ。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"in any way"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"言わ","gloss":"say","reading":"いわ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"without"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"went home","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"went home"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"went home","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.gp1.16.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L079.gp1.17","source":"昨晩は お手つだい 出来なくて 失礼 いたしました。","translation":"I am sorry for not being able to help you last night.","reading":"さくばんはおてつだいできなくてしつれいいたしました。","words":[{"text":"昨晩","gloss":"last night","reading":"さくばん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorable"},{"text":"手つだい","gloss":"help","reading":"てつだい"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"because"},{"text":"失礼","gloss":"rudeness","reading":"しつれい"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"humbly do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.gp1.17.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L079.gp1.18","source":"いいえ、そんな事は 何とも 思っていません。","translation":"No, I think nothing ill of that matter.","reading":"いいえ、そんなことはなんともおもっていません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"そんな","gloss":"such"},{"text":"事","gloss":"matter","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"in any way"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"do not think","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"do not think"},{"text":"い","gloss":"do not think"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"do not think"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"do not think"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.gp1.18.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L079.gp1.19","source":"あなたは かおの色が 少し悪いようですが、病気では ないのですか。","translation":"It seems you are pale, but aren’t you sick?","reading":"あなたはかおのいろがすこしわるいようですが、びょうきではないのですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"かお","gloss":"face"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"色","gloss":"color","reading":"いろ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"poor","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"sick","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.gp1.19.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L079.gp1.20","source":"いいえ、何とも ないのです。昨晩 あんまり ねていない からでしょう。","translation":"No, nothing is the natter with me. Probably it’s because I haven’t slept much last night.","reading":"いいえ、なんともないのです。さくばんあんまりねていないからでしょう。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"in any way"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"wrong"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"昨晩","gloss":"last night","reading":"さくばん"},{"text":"あんまり","gloss":"much"},{"text":"ね","gloss":"have not slept"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have not slept"},{"text":"い","gloss":"have not slept"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"have not slept"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.gp1.20.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L079.gp1.21","source":"ここからの ながめは いいですね。","translation":"The view from here is nice, isn’t it?","reading":"ここからのながめはいいですね。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ながめ","gloss":"view"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.gp1.21.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L079.gp1.22","source":"ええ、天気のいい日に ここから 海を ながめると、何とも 言えない 美しい けしきです。","translation":"Yes, if you view the ocean from here on a nice day, it is indescribably beautiful.","reading":"ええ、てんきのいいひにここからうみをながめると、なんともいえないうつくしいけしきです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"海","gloss":"ocean","reading":"うみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ながめる","gloss":"view"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"in any way"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"can describe","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"美しい","gloss":"beautiful","reading":"うつくしい"},{"text":"けしき","gloss":"scenery"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.gp1.22.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L079.gp1.23","source":"明日の 試験には どんな問題が 出るでしょうか。","translation":"What kind of problems do you suppose we’ll have in tomorrow’s examination?","reading":"あしたのしけんにはどんなもんだいがでるでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"試験","gloss":"exam","reading":"しけん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"問題","gloss":"problems","reading":"もんだい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出る","gloss":"appear","reading":"でる"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.gp1.23.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L079.gp1.24","source":"そうですね。その事については 何とも 申されませんね。","translation":"Well, I can’t say anything regarding that.","reading":"そうですね。そのことについてはなんとももうされませんね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"事","gloss":"matter","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"about"},{"text":"つい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"て","gloss":"about"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"in any way"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"申さ","gloss":"say","reading":"もうさ"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.gp1.24.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ひらがな","gloss":"HIRAGANA syllabary"},{"word":"きらい","gloss":"dislike (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"まずい","gloss":"poor, tasteless"},{"word":"かぜ","gloss":"wind"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"ダイアログ","gloss":"dialogue"},{"word":"店","gloss":"store, shop"},{"word":"あたま","gloss":"head"},{"word":"いたい","gloss":"painful"},{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"降る","gloss":"to fall (rain) (v.i.)"},{"word":"ラジオ","gloss":"radio"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"天気","gloss":"weather"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"時々","gloss":"sometimes, occasionally"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"前","gloss":"before, front"},{"word":"かお","gloss":"face"},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"},{"word":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"word":"ながめ","gloss":"view (n)"},{"word":"海","gloss":"sea, ocean"},{"word":"ながめる","gloss":"view, see (vt)"},{"word":"けしき","gloss":"scenery"},{"word":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"word":"出る","gloss":"come out to the phone, go out, come out (vi)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lists, complaints and excuses · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Lists, complaints and alternatives","paragraphs":["*りんご だの もも だの 買いました* means \"I bought apples, peaches, and so forth.\"","Repeated *だの* also links complaints in *きらい だの おいしくない だの 言って 食べませんでした*.","*行く だの 行かない だの 言って はっきりしていません* presents opposing alternatives from someone who has not decided."]}],"lines":[{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.m1","source":"りんご だの もも だの 買いました。","translation":"I bought apples, peaches, and so forth.","reading":"りんごだのももだのかいました。","words":[{"text":"りんご","gloss":"apples"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"are"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"もも","gloss":"peaches"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"are"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.m2","source":"きらい だの おいしくない だの 言って 食べませんでした。","translation":"They said they did not like it and that it was not good, and did not eat it.","reading":"きらいだのおいしくないだのいってたべませんでした。","words":[{"text":"きらい","gloss":"dislike"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"おいしく","gloss":"delicious"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"saying","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"saying"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.m2.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.m3","source":"行く だの 行かない だの 言って はっきりしていません。","translation":"They keep saying they will go and they will not go, and have not made up their mind.","reading":"いくだのいかないだのいってはっきりしていません。","words":[{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"saying","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"saying"},{"text":"はっきり","gloss":"clearly"},{"text":"し","gloss":"have not decided"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have not decided"},{"text":"い","gloss":"have not decided"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"have not decided"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"have not decided"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.m3.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.01","source":"かん字だの、ひらがなだの 習わなければなりません。","translation":"We have to learn kanji, hiragana, and so forth.","reading":"かんじだの、ひらがなだのならわなければなりません。","words":[{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"are"},{"text":"の、","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"ひらがな","gloss":"hiragana"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"are"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"習わ","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならわ"},{"text":"なけれ","gloss":"if not"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"must"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.02","source":"きのうは くつだの、ネクタイだの 買いました。","translation":"Yesterday I bought shoes, neckties, and so forth.","reading":"きのうはくつだの、ネクタイだのかいました。","words":[{"text":"きのう","gloss":"yesterday"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"are"},{"text":"の、","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"ネクタイ","gloss":"neckties"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"are"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.03","source":"なんだの、かんだの 言って 来ませんでした。","translation":"They gave one excuse after another and did not come.","reading":"なんだの、かんだのいってきませんでした。","words":[{"text":"なん","gloss":"one thing"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の、","gloss":"and another"},{"text":"かん","gloss":"another thing"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and another"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"saying","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"saying"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.04","source":"赤い花だの、きいろい花だので きれいです。","translation":"It is beautiful with red flowers, yellow flowers, and so forth.","reading":"あかいはなだの、きいろいはなだのできれいです。","words":[{"text":"赤い","gloss":"red","reading":"あかい"},{"text":"花","gloss":"flowers","reading":"はな"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"are"},{"text":"の、","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"きいろい","gloss":"yellow"},{"text":"花","gloss":"flowers","reading":"はな"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"are"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"beautiful"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.05","source":"おなかがすいていないだの、きらいだの 言って 食べませんでした。","translation":"They said they were not hungry and did not like it, and did not eat it.","reading":"おなかがすいていないだの、きらいだのいってたべませんでした。","words":[{"text":"おなか","gloss":"stomach"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"すい","gloss":"not hungry"},{"text":"て","gloss":"not hungry"},{"text":"い","gloss":"not hungry"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not hungry"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の、","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"きらい","gloss":"dislike"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"saying","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"saying"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.06","source":"きたないだの、家ちんが高すぎるだの 言って、あの家を借りませんでした。","translation":"They said it was dirty and the rent was too high, and did not rent that house.","reading":"きたないだの、いえちんがたかすぎるだのいって、あのいえをかりませんでした。","words":[{"text":"きたない","gloss":"dirty"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の、","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"家","gloss":"rent","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ちん","gloss":"rent"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"高","gloss":"too high","reading":"たか"},{"text":"すぎる","gloss":"too high"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"saying","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"saying"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"借り","gloss":"rent","reading":"かり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.06.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"りんご","gloss":"apple"},{"word":"もも","gloss":"peach"},{"word":"はっきり","gloss":"clearly"},{"word":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"word":"ネクタイ","gloss":"necktie"},{"word":"きいろい","gloss":"yellow"},{"word":"おなか","gloss":"stomach"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Listing people, colours and complaints · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"People, kinds and reasons","paragraphs":["*赤いのだの、青いのだの 色々あります* means \"There are all kinds, such as red ones and blue ones.\"","Repeated *だの* can also list people. *山田さんだの、大木さんだの、スミスさんだのに あいました* names three people and others.","In *色が 悪いだの、高いだの 言って 買いませんでした*, the two complaints give reasons for not buying the car."]}],"lines":[{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.07","source":"せきが出るだの、のどがいたいだの 言って、話しませんでした。","translation":"They said they had a cough and a sore throat, and did not speak.","reading":"せきがでるだの、のどがいたいだのいって、はなしませんでした。","words":[{"text":"せき","gloss":"cough"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出る","gloss":"have","reading":"でる"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の、","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"のど","gloss":"throat"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いたい","gloss":"hurts"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"saying","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"saying"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.07.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.08","source":"いそがしいだの、あたまがいたいだの 言って、手つだってくれませんでした。","translation":"They said they were busy and had a headache, and would not help me.","reading":"いそがしいだの、あたまがいたいだのいって、てつだってくれませんでした。","words":[{"text":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の、","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"あたま","gloss":"head"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いたい","gloss":"hurts"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"saying","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"saying"},{"text":"手つだっ","gloss":"help me","reading":"てつだっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"help me"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"help me"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.09","source":"どんな色の えんぴつが ありますか。","translation":"What colors of pencils are there?","reading":"どんないろのえんぴつがありますか。","words":[{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of"},{"text":"色","gloss":"colors","reading":"いろ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"えんぴつ","gloss":"pencils"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.10","source":"赤いのだの、青いのだの 色々あります。","translation":"There are all kinds, such as red ones and blue ones.","reading":"あかいのだの、あおいのだのいろいろあります。","words":[{"text":"赤い","gloss":"red","reading":"あかい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"are"},{"text":"の、","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"青い","gloss":"blue","reading":"あおい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"are"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"色々","gloss":"various kinds","reading":"いろいろ"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.11","source":"きのう 空港で 知った人にあいましたか。","translation":"Did you meet anyone you knew at the airport yesterday?","reading":"きのうくうこうでしったひとにあいましたか。","words":[{"text":"きのう","gloss":"yesterday"},{"text":"空港","gloss":"airport","reading":"くうこう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"知っ","gloss":"know","reading":"しっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"あい","gloss":"meet"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.12","source":"ええ、山田さんだの、大木さんだの、スミスさんだのに あいました。","translation":"Yes, I met Mr. Yamada, Mr. Oki, Mr. Smith, and others.","reading":"ええ、やまださんだの、おおきさんだの、スミスさんだのにあいました。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の、","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"大木","gloss":"Oki","reading":"おおき"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の、","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"に","gloss":"with"},{"text":"あい","gloss":"meet"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.13","source":"田中さんは 新しい 自動車を 買ったんですか。","translation":"Did Mr. Tanaka buy a new car?","reading":"たなかさんはあたらしいじどうしゃをかったんですか。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.14","source":"色が 悪いだの、高いだの 言って 買いませんでした。","translation":"He said the color was bad and it was expensive, and did not buy it.","reading":"いろがわるいだの、たかいだのいってかいませんでした。","words":[{"text":"色","gloss":"color","reading":"いろ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の、","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"saying","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"saying"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.15","source":"あの店では 魚を 売っていますか。","translation":"Do they sell fish at that store?","reading":"あのみせではさかなをうっていますか。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"店","gloss":"store","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"魚","gloss":"fish","reading":"さかな"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"売っ","gloss":"sell","reading":"うっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"sell"},{"text":"い","gloss":"sell"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"sell"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"せき","gloss":"seat"},{"word":"の、","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"のど","gloss":"throat"},{"word":"いそがしい","gloss":"busy"},{"word":"空港","gloss":"airport"},{"word":"車","gloss":"vehicle, car"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Listing food and study topics · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Representative items in a larger set","paragraphs":["*やさいだの、くだ物だの、魚だの 食べ物は 何でも 売っています* means \"They sell all kinds of food, including vegetables, fruit, and fish.\"","The repeated *だの* marks representative examples within a larger set.","*かん字だの、新しい 言葉だの 習う事が 多くて 困っています* gives kanji and new words as examples of many study topics."]}],"lines":[{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.16","source":"ええ、やさいだの、くだ物だの、魚だの 食べ物は 何でも 売っています。","translation":"Yes, they sell all kinds of food, including vegetables, fruit, and fish.","reading":"ええ、やさいだの、くだものだの、さかなだのたべものはなんでもうっています。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"やさい","gloss":"vegetables"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"are"},{"text":"の、","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"くだ","gloss":"fruit"},{"text":"物","gloss":"fruit","reading":"もの"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"are"},{"text":"の、","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"魚","gloss":"fish","reading":"さかな"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"are"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"食べ物","gloss":"food"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"everything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"も","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"売っ","gloss":"sell","reading":"うっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"sell"},{"text":"い","gloss":"sell"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"sell"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.17","source":"あなたは 今日 日本語を 勉強して おられる そうですが、勉強する事が 多いでしょう。","translation":"I understand you are studying Japanese now, but you must have a lot to study.","reading":"あなたはきょうにほんごをべんきょうしておられるそうですが、べんきょうすることがおおいでしょう。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"now"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"are studying","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"are studying"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are studying"},{"text":"おら","gloss":"are studying"},{"text":"れる","gloss":"are studying"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"する","gloss":"study"},{"text":"事","gloss":"things","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.17.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.18","source":"ええ、かん字だの、新しい 言葉だの 習う事が 多くて 困っています。","translation":"Yes, I have so many things to learn, such as kanji and new words, that I am having a hard time.","reading":"ええ、かんじだの、あたらしいことばだのならうことがおおくてこまっています。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"are"},{"text":"の、","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"言葉","gloss":"words","reading":"ことば"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"are"},{"text":"の","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"習う","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならう"},{"text":"事","gloss":"things","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多く","gloss":"so many","reading":"おおく"},{"text":"て","gloss":"so many"},{"text":"困っ","gloss":"having difficulty","reading":"こまっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"having difficulty"},{"text":"い","gloss":"having difficulty"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"having difficulty"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.19","source":"魚や ぶた肉 など きらいな物が 多い。","translation":"There are many things I dislike, such as fish and pork.","reading":"さかなやぶたにくなどきらいなものがおおい。","words":[{"text":"魚","gloss":"fish","reading":"さかな"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ぶた肉","gloss":"pork"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"きらい","gloss":"disliked"},{"text":"な","gloss":"that are"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"多い。","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.20","source":"やさい や くだ物 や なんでも 売っています。","translation":"They sell everything, including vegetables and fruit.","reading":"やさいやくだものやなんでもうっています。","words":[{"text":"やさい","gloss":"vegetables"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"くだ","gloss":"fruit"},{"text":"物","gloss":"fruit","reading":"もの"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"なん","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"で","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"も","gloss":"everything"},{"text":"売っ","gloss":"sell","reading":"うっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"sell"},{"text":"い","gloss":"sell"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"sell"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.20.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.21","source":"行くとか 行かないとか 言っていました。","translation":"They were saying that they would go and that they would not go.","reading":"いくとかいかないとかいっていました。","words":[{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"か","gloss":"or"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"か","gloss":"or"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"were saying","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"were saying"},{"text":"い","gloss":"were saying"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"were saying"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"were saying"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.21.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.22","source":"赤いの や 青いの や 黒いのが あります。","translation":"There are red ones, blue ones, and black ones.","reading":"あかいのやあおいのやくろいのがあります。","words":[{"text":"赤い","gloss":"red","reading":"あかい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"青い","gloss":"blue","reading":"あおい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and"},{"text":"黒い","gloss":"black","reading":"くろい"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.22.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt1.23","source":"きたない とか 家ちんが 高い とか 言って、その家を 借りませんでした。","translation":"They said it was dirty and the rent was high, and did not rent that house.","reading":"きたないとかやちんがたかいとかいって、そのいえをかりませんでした。","words":[{"text":"きたない","gloss":"dirty"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"か","gloss":"or"},{"text":"家","gloss":"rent","reading":"や"},{"text":"ちん","gloss":"rent"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"high","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"か","gloss":"or"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"saying","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"saying"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"家","gloss":"house","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"借り","gloss":"rent","reading":"かり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt1.23.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"やさい","gloss":"vegetable"},{"word":"食べ物","gloss":"food"},{"word":"れる","gloss":"to be able to --\n(See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"多く","gloss":"many of them"},{"word":"ぶた肉","gloss":"pork"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying nothing at all · Pattern 2 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Nothing said, thought or answered","paragraphs":["*何とも 言わずに 出かけました* means \"They went out without saying anything.\"","*何とも* before a negative expression also works with thought, condition and answers. *何とも 答えることは 出来ません* means \"I cannot give any answer.\"","*何とも 言えない よい ながめです* means \"It is an indescribably beautiful view.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.m1","source":"何とも 言って 来ません。","translation":"They do not say anything and do not come.","reading":"なんともいってきません。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"in any way"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.01","source":"何とも 言わずに 出かけました。","translation":"They went out without saying anything.","reading":"なんともいわずにでかけました。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"in any way"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"言わ","gloss":"say","reading":"いわ"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"without"},{"text":"に","gloss":"and"},{"text":"出かけ","gloss":"go out","reading":"でかけ"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.02","source":"そんな事は 何とも 思っていません。","translation":"I do not think anything of that.","reading":"そんなことはなんともおもっていません。","words":[{"text":"そんな","gloss":"such"},{"text":"事","gloss":"matter","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"in any way"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"do not think","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"do not think"},{"text":"い","gloss":"do not think"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"do not think"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"do not think"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.03","source":"その事については 何とも 申されません。","translation":"Nothing can be said about that matter.","reading":"そのことについてはなんとももうされません。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"事","gloss":"matter","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"about"},{"text":"つい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"て","gloss":"about"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"in any way"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"申さ","gloss":"say","reading":"もうさ"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.04","source":"何とも ありません。","translation":"There is nothing wrong.","reading":"なんともありません。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"in any way"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.05","source":"何とも 答えることは 出来ません。","translation":"I cannot give any answer.","reading":"なんともこたえることはできません。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"答える","gloss":"answer","reading":"こたえる"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"act"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"can","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.05.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.06","source":"何とも 言えない よい ながめです。","translation":"It is an indescribably beautiful view.","reading":"なんともいえないよいながめです。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"beyond words","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"beyond words"},{"text":"も","gloss":"beyond words"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"describe","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"cannot"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"beautiful"},{"text":"ながめ","gloss":"view"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.07","source":"何とも かんがえて いません。","translation":"I have not thought anything about it.","reading":"なんともかんがえていません。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"かんがえ","gloss":"have thought"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have thought"},{"text":"い","gloss":"have thought"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.07.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.08","source":"田中さんは 何とも おっしゃいませんでした。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka did not say anything.","reading":"たなかさんはなんともおっしゃいませんでした。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"おっしゃい","gloss":"say"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"polite past"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.08.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"かんがえ","gloss":"idea, thinking"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Leaving matters undecided · Pattern 2 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"No answer or opinion","paragraphs":["*行くか 行かないか、まだ 何とも 答えていません* means \"I have not yet said whether I will go.\"","Here *何とも* with the negative answer leaves the decision unstated.","*何とも 言えない すばらしい 天気ですね* means \"The weather today is indescribably wonderful.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.09","source":"今週の 日曜日の ピクニックに まねかれましたか。","translation":"Were you invited to the picnic this Sunday?","reading":"こんしゅうのにちようびのピクニックにまねかれましたか。","words":[{"text":"今週","gloss":"this week","reading":"こんしゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"日曜","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"にちよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Sunday","reading":"び"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ピクニック","gloss":"picnic"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"まねか","gloss":"invited"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"invited"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.10","source":"ええ、しかし、行くか 行かないか、まだ 何とも 答えていません。","translation":"Yes, but I have not yet said whether I will go or not.","reading":"ええ、しかし、いくかいかないか、まだなんともこたえていません。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"or"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"答え","gloss":"have said","reading":"こたえ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have said"},{"text":"い","gloss":"have said"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.11","source":"あなたは けっこんしようと 思ったことが ありますか。","translation":"Have you ever thought of getting married?","reading":"あなたはけっこんしようとおもったことがありますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"けっこん","gloss":"marry"},{"text":"しよう","gloss":"get married"},{"text":"と","gloss":"of"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"thought","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"ever"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.11.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.12","source":"いいえ、まだ その事については、何とも かんがえていません。","translation":"No, I have not thought anything about that yet.","reading":"いいえ、まだそのことについては、なんともかんがえていません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"yet"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"事","gloss":"matter","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"about"},{"text":"つい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"て","gloss":"about"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"かんがえ","gloss":"have thought"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have thought"},{"text":"い","gloss":"have thought"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.12.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.13","source":"田中さんは むすこさんの 学校の事について 何か 言っていましたか。","translation":"Did Mr. Tanaka say anything about his son’s school?","reading":"たなかさんはむすこさんのがっこうのことについてなにかいっていましたか。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"むすこ","gloss":"son"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"son"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"matter","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"about"},{"text":"つい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"て","gloss":"about"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なに"},{"text":"か","gloss":"anything"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"was saying","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was saying"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was saying"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.13.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.14","source":"いいえ、何とも おっしゃいませんでしたよ。","translation":"No, he did not say anything.","reading":"いいえ、なんともおっしゃいませんでしたよ。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"も","gloss":"at all"},{"text":"おっしゃい","gloss":"say"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でし","gloss":"polite past"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.14.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.15","source":"今日は 何とも 言えない すばらしい 天気ですね。","translation":"The weather today is wonderful beyond words, isn’t it?","reading":"きょうはなんともいえないすばらしいてんきですね。","words":[{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"beyond words","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"beyond words"},{"text":"も","gloss":"beyond words"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"describe","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"cannot"},{"text":"すばらしい","gloss":"wonderful"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.15.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.16","source":"ええ、モンテレーには めずらしい天気です。","translation":"Yes, this weather is unusual for Monterey.","reading":"ええ、モンテレーにはめずらしいてんきです。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"めずらしい","gloss":"unusual"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.16.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.17","source":"めずらしい","translation":"rare; unusual","reading":"めずらしい","words":[{"text":"めずらしい","gloss":"unusual"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.17.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"今週","gloss":"this week"},{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"},{"word":"すばらしい","gloss":"splendid, great, grand"},{"word":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"word":"めずらしい","gloss":"rare, unusual"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking what was said · Pattern 2 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Nothing is wrong","paragraphs":["A speaker asks whether a day of garden work has left the other person sore.","*いいえ、何とも ありません* answers \"No, there is nothing wrong.\"","In *何とも ありません*, *何とも* before the negative expression states that no physical problem exists."]}],"lines":[{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.18","source":"あなたは きのう 一日中 にわの仕事を していましたが、今日 体が いたくは ありませんか。","translation":"You worked in the garden all day yesterday, but isn’t your body sore today?","reading":"あなたはきのういちにちじゅうにわのしごとをしていましたが、きょうからだがいたくはありませんか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"きのう","gloss":"yesterday"},{"text":"一","gloss":"all day"},{"text":"日","gloss":"all day"},{"text":"中","gloss":"all day"},{"text":"に","gloss":"garden"},{"text":"わ","gloss":"garden"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"were working"},{"text":"て","gloss":"were working"},{"text":"い","gloss":"were working"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"were working"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"体","gloss":"body","reading":"からだ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いたく","gloss":"sore"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.18.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.19","source":"いいえ、何とも ありません。","translation":"No, there is nothing wrong.","reading":"いいえ、なんともありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"何","gloss":"nothing","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"wrong"},{"text":"も","gloss":"wrong"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.19.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.20","source":"本当に いい ながめですね。","translation":"It really is a beautiful view, isn’t it?","reading":"ほんとうにいいながめですね。","words":[{"text":"本当","gloss":"really","reading":"ほんとう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"really"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"beautiful"},{"text":"ながめ","gloss":"view"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.20.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.21","source":"田中さんは 何か 言って 出て行きましたか。","translation":"Did Mr. Tanaka say anything before he left?","reading":"たなかさんはなにかいってでていきましたか。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なに"},{"text":"か","gloss":"anything"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"said","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"said"},{"text":"出","gloss":"left","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"left"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"left","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.21.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.22","source":"あなたは けっこんしようと 思っていますか。","translation":"Are you thinking of getting married?","reading":"あなたはけっこんしようとおもっていますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"けっこん","gloss":"marry"},{"text":"しよう","gloss":"get married"},{"text":"と","gloss":"of"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"are thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are thinking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are thinking"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are thinking"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.22.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.23","source":"スミスさんは 明日の ピクニックの事について あなたに 何か 言いましたか。","translation":"Did Mr. Smith say anything to you about tomorrow’s picnic?","reading":"スミスさんはあしたのピクニックのことについてあなたになにかいいましたか。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ピクニック","gloss":"picnic"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"事","gloss":"matter","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"about"},{"text":"つい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"て","gloss":"about"},{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"何","gloss":"anything","reading":"なに"},{"text":"か","gloss":"anything"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"say","reading":"いい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.23.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L079.pt2.24","source":"この 問題について 話して くださいませんか。","translation":"Would you please talk about this problem?","reading":"このもんだいについてはなしてくださいませんか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"問題","gloss":"problem","reading":"もんだい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"about"},{"text":"つい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"て","gloss":"about"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"talk","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"て","gloss":"talk"},{"text":"ください","gloss":"please"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.pt2.24.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"わ","gloss":"counter for birds (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"体","gloss":"body, health"},{"word":"ください","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Magazine publishing and vulgarity · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Kinds and names of publications","paragraphs":["The questions ask what newspaper companies publish and which weekly magazines exist.","*新聞ノ 外ニ 何ヲ 発行シマスカ* means \"What do they publish besides newspapers?\" An answer names weekly, monthly, yearly or special publications.","*週刊雑誌ニハ、ドンナノガ アリマスカ。四ツ グライ ソノ名前ヲ 言ッテクダサイ* asks for about four weekly magazine names."]}],"lines":[{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L079.q.001","source":"日本ノ新聞社ハ雑誌ヲ沢山発行シマス。ソノ中ニハ週刊雑誌モアルシ、月刊雑誌モアリマス。又年刊ノモカナリ出テイマス。アル社デハ何カ大キナ問題ガオコルツドニ特別ルポヲ出スコトガアリマス。週刊雑誌ニハ週刊朝日、週刊読売、週刊毎日、朝日グラフ、毎日グラフナドガアリマス。戦後週刊雑誌ノ数ガヒジョウニフエテ来テ、中ニハ下品ナノガ沢山アリマス。コレハ言ロンノ自由、出パンノ自由ニトモナッタ現ショウデス。シカシ、アマリ","translation":"Japanese newspaper companies publish many magazines.\nAmong them are weekly magazines and monthly magazines.\nQuite a few annual publications also come out.\nSome companies publish a special report whenever a major issue arises.\nWeekly magazines include Weekly Asahi, Weekly Yomiuri, Weekly Mainichi, Asahi Graph, and Mainichi Graph.\nSince the war, the number of weekly magazines has increased greatly, and many of them are vulgar.\nThis is a phenomenon that has accompanied freedom of speech and freedom of the press.\nHowever, when they are too","reading":"にほんノしんぶんしゃハざっしヲたくさんはっこうシマス。ソノなかニハしゅうかんざっしモアルシ、げっかんざっしモアリマス。またねんかんノモカナリでテイマス。アルしゃデハなにカおおキナもんだいガオコルツドニとくべつルポヲだスコトガアリマス。しゅうかんざっしニハしゅうかんあさひ、しゅうかんよみうり、しゅうかんまいにち、あさひグラフ、まいにちグラフナドガアリマス。せんごしゅうかんざっしノかずガヒジョウニフエテきテ、なかニハげひんナノガたくさんアリマス。コレハげんロンノじゆう、しゅっパンノじゆうニトモナッタげんショウデス。シカシ、アマリ","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper companies","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"社","gloss":"newspaper companies","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"ハ","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"ヲ","gloss":"object"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"発行","gloss":"publish","reading":"はっこう"},{"text":"シ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"マス。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ソノ","gloss":"those"},{"text":"中","gloss":"among","reading":"なか"},{"text":"ニ","gloss":"among"},{"text":"ハ","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"週刊","gloss":"weekly magazines","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"weekly magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"モアルシ、","gloss":"also exist, and"},{"text":"月刊","gloss":"monthly magazines","reading":"げっかん"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"monthly magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"モアリマス。","gloss":"also exist"},{"text":"又","gloss":"also","reading":"また"},{"text":"年刊","gloss":"annual publications","reading":"ねんかん"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"of"},{"text":"モ","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"カナリ","gloss":"quite a few"},{"text":"出","gloss":"come out","reading":"で"},{"text":"テイマス。","gloss":"come out"},{"text":"アル","gloss":"some"},{"text":"社","gloss":"companies","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"デ","gloss":"at"},{"text":"ハ","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"some","reading":"なに"},{"text":"カ","gloss":"some"},{"text":"大","gloss":"major","reading":"おお"},{"text":"キナ","gloss":"major"},{"text":"問題","gloss":"issue","reading":"もんだい"},{"text":"ガオコルツドニ","gloss":"whenever one arises"},{"text":"特別","gloss":"special","reading":"とくべつ"},{"text":"ルポ","gloss":"report"},{"text":"ヲ","gloss":"object"},{"text":"出","gloss":"publish","reading":"だ"},{"text":"スコトガアリマス。","gloss":"sometimes publish"},{"text":"週刊","gloss":"weekly magazines","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"weekly magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"ニ","gloss":"among"},{"text":"ハ","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"週刊","gloss":"Weekly Asahi","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"朝日、","gloss":"Weekly Asahi","reading":"あさひ"},{"text":"週刊","gloss":"Weekly Yomiuri","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"読売、","gloss":"Weekly Yomiuri","reading":"よみうり"},{"text":"週刊","gloss":"Weekly Mainichi","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"毎日、","gloss":"Weekly Mainichi","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"朝日","gloss":"Asahi Graph","reading":"あさひ"},{"text":"グラフ、","gloss":"Asahi Graph"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"Mainichi Graph","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"グラフナドガアリマス。","gloss":"Mainichi Graph and others"},{"text":"戦後","gloss":"since the war","reading":"せんご"},{"text":"週刊","gloss":"weekly magazines","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"weekly magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"of"},{"text":"数","gloss":"number","reading":"かず"},{"text":"ガヒジョウニフエテ","gloss":"increased greatly"},{"text":"来","gloss":"increased greatly","reading":"き"},{"text":"テ、","gloss":"increased greatly"},{"text":"中","gloss":"among","reading":"なか"},{"text":"ニ","gloss":"among"},{"text":"ハ","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"下品","gloss":"vulgar","reading":"げひん"},{"text":"ナノ","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"ガ","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"アリ","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"マス。","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"コレ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"ハ","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"言","gloss":"speech","reading":"げん"},{"text":"ロン","gloss":"speech"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"of"},{"text":"自由、","gloss":"freedom","reading":"じゆう"},{"text":"出","gloss":"publication","reading":"しゅっ"},{"text":"パン","gloss":"publication"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"of"},{"text":"自由","gloss":"freedom","reading":"じゆう"},{"text":"ニトモナッタ","gloss":"accompanied"},{"text":"現","gloss":"phenomenon","reading":"げん"},{"text":"ショウ","gloss":"phenomenon"},{"text":"デス。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"シカ","gloss":"however"},{"text":"シ、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"アマ","gloss":"too"},{"text":"リ","gloss":"too"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.q.001.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L079.q.002","source":"ヒドイノハドウトクニモ悪イシ、青年ヤ少年少女ノ教育ニモ悪イモノデスカラ、発行社ノ方デ自シュクスル様ニセネバナラナイノデス。表現ノ自由、責任ヲトモナワナイト困リマス。シカシ、下品ナ雑誌ハアマリ長クツヅカズ、千九百六十二年ゴロカラ見ルト、ズイ分ヘッテイマス。サイ近人気ノアル雑誌ハギジュツ的ナ、センモンノ雑誌、女性ノ雑誌ナドデス。ソシテ子供ノタメノ雑誌ガヘッテ来テイマス。サイ近ノ社会ノウツリカワリ、人口ノウツリカワリナドガヨク現レテイマス。","translation":"extreme, they are morally harmful and are also harmful to the education of young men, boys, and girls, so publishers must exercise self-restraint.\nFreedom of expression is a problem if it is not accompanied by responsibility.\nHowever, vulgar magazines do not last very long, and there are far fewer of them than there were around 1962.\nRecently, popular magazines include technical and specialized magazines and magazines for women.\nMeanwhile, the number of magazines for children has been decreasing.\nRecent changes in society and in the population are clearly reflected in this.","reading":"ヒドイノハドウトクニモわるイシ、せいねんヤしょうねんしょうじょノきょういくニモわるイモノデスカラ、はっこうしゃノほうデじしゅくスルようニセネバナラナイノデス。ひょうげんノじゆう、せきにんヲトモナワナイトこまリマス。シカシ、げひんナざっしハアマリながクツヅカズ、せんきゅうひゃくろくじゅうにねんゴロカラみルト、ズイぶんヘッテイマス。サイきんにんきノアルざっしハギジュツてきナ、センモンノざっし、じょせいノざっしナドデス。ソシテこどもノタメノざっしガヘッテきテイマス。サイきんノしゃかいノウツリカワリ、じんこうノウツリカワリナドガヨクあらわレテイマス。","words":[{"text":"ヒドイノハドウトクニモ","gloss":"extreme ones morally"},{"text":"悪","gloss":"harmful","reading":"わる"},{"text":"イシ、","gloss":"harmful"},{"text":"青年","gloss":"young men","reading":"せいねん"},{"text":"ヤ","gloss":"and"},{"text":"少年","gloss":"boys","reading":"しょうねん"},{"text":"少女","gloss":"girls","reading":"しょうじょ"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"教育","gloss":"education","reading":"きょういく"},{"text":"ニモ","gloss":"also to"},{"text":"悪","gloss":"harmful","reading":"わる"},{"text":"イモノデスカラ、","gloss":"harmful because"},{"text":"発行","gloss":"publishers","reading":"はっこう"},{"text":"社","gloss":"publishers","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"side","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"デ","gloss":"by"},{"text":"自","gloss":"exercise self-restraint","reading":"じ"},{"text":"シュクスル","gloss":"exercise self-restraint"},{"text":"様","gloss":"way","reading":"よう"},{"text":"ニセネバナラナイノデス。","gloss":"must do so"},{"text":"表現","gloss":"expression","reading":"ひょうげん"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"of"},{"text":"自由、","gloss":"freedom","reading":"じゆう"},{"text":"責任","gloss":"responsibility","reading":"せきにん"},{"text":"ヲトモナワナイト","gloss":"without accompanying"},{"text":"困","gloss":"is a problem","reading":"こま"},{"text":"リ","gloss":"is a problem"},{"text":"マス。","gloss":"is a problem"},{"text":"シカ","gloss":"however"},{"text":"シ、","gloss":"however"},{"text":"下品","gloss":"vulgar","reading":"げひん"},{"text":"ナ","gloss":"vulgar"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"ハアマリ","gloss":"not very"},{"text":"長","gloss":"long","reading":"なが"},{"text":"クツヅカズ、","gloss":"do not last"},{"text":"千","gloss":"one thousand","reading":"せん"},{"text":"九百","gloss":"nine hundred","reading":"きゅうひゃく"},{"text":"六十","gloss":"sixty","reading":"ろくじゅう"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"ゴロ","gloss":"around"},{"text":"カラ","gloss":"from"},{"text":"見","gloss":"viewed","reading":"み"},{"text":"ル","gloss":"viewed"},{"text":"ト、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"ズイ","gloss":"far"},{"text":"分","gloss":"far","reading":"ぶん"},{"text":"ヘッテイマス。","gloss":"far fewer"},{"text":"サイ","gloss":"recently"},{"text":"近","gloss":"recently","reading":"きん"},{"text":"人気","gloss":"popular","reading":"にんき"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"of"},{"text":"アル","gloss":"having"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"ハギジュツ","gloss":"are technical"},{"text":"的","gloss":"technical","reading":"てき"},{"text":"ナ、","gloss":"technical"},{"text":"センモンノ","gloss":"specialized"},{"text":"雑誌、","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"女性","gloss":"women","reading":"じょせい"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"ナドデス。","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"ソシテ","gloss":"meanwhile"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"タメ","gloss":"benefit"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"of"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"ガヘッテ","gloss":"decreasing"},{"text":"来","gloss":"decreasing","reading":"き"},{"text":"テイマス。","gloss":"decreasing"},{"text":"サイ","gloss":"recent"},{"text":"近","gloss":"recent","reading":"きん"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"of"},{"text":"社会","gloss":"society","reading":"しゃかい"},{"text":"ノウツリカワリ、","gloss":"changes in"},{"text":"人口","gloss":"population","reading":"じんこう"},{"text":"ノウツリカワリナドガヨク","gloss":"changes clearly"},{"text":"現","gloss":"are reflected","reading":"あらわ"},{"text":"レテイマス。","gloss":"are reflected"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.q.002.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L079.q.003","source":"日本ノ 新聞社ハ 新聞ダケ 発行シマスカ。","translation":"Do Japanese newspaper companies publish only newspapers?","reading":"にほんノしんぶんしゃハしんぶんダケはっこうシマスカ。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspaper companies","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"社","gloss":"newspaper companies","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"ハ","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"ダケ","gloss":"only"},{"text":"発行","gloss":"publish","reading":"はっこう"},{"text":"シマ","gloss":"publish"},{"text":"スカ。","gloss":"polite question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.q.003.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L079.q.004","source":"新聞ノ 外ニ 何ヲ 発行シマスカ。","translation":"What do they publish besides newspapers?","reading":"しんぶんノほかニなにヲはっこうシマスカ。","words":[{"text":"新聞","gloss":"newspapers","reading":"しんぶん"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"of"},{"text":"外","gloss":"besides","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"ニ","gloss":"besides"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"ヲ","gloss":"object"},{"text":"発行","gloss":"publish","reading":"はっこう"},{"text":"シマ","gloss":"publish"},{"text":"スカ。","gloss":"polite question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.q.004.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L079.q.005","source":"ドンナ 雑誌ヲ 発行シマスカ。","translation":"What kind of magazines do they publish?","reading":"ドンナざっしヲはっこうシマスカ。","words":[{"text":"ドンナ","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"ヲ","gloss":"object"},{"text":"発行","gloss":"publish","reading":"はっこう"},{"text":"シマ","gloss":"publish"},{"text":"スカ。","gloss":"polite question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.q.005.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L079.q.006","source":"週刊雑誌ニハ、ドンナノガ アリマスカ。四ツ グライ ソノ名前ヲ 言ッテクダサイ。","translation":"What weekly magazines are there?\nPlease name about four of them.","reading":"しゅうかんざっしニハ、ドンナノガアリマスカ。よっツグライソノなまえヲいッテクダサイ。","words":[{"text":"週刊","gloss":"weekly magazines","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"weekly magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"ニ","gloss":"among"},{"text":"ハ、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ドンナ","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"ガ","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"アリマスカ。","gloss":"are there?"},{"text":"四","gloss":"four","reading":"よっ"},{"text":"ツ","gloss":"counter"},{"text":"グライ","gloss":"about"},{"text":"ソノ","gloss":"their"},{"text":"名前","gloss":"names","reading":"なまえ"},{"text":"ヲ","gloss":"object"},{"text":"言","gloss":"say","reading":"い"},{"text":"ッテクダサイ。","gloss":"please say"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.q.006.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L079.q.007","source":"戦後ノ 週刊雑誌ニハ、下品ナノガ アリマスカ。","translation":"Are any of the postwar weekly magazines vulgar?","reading":"せんごノしゅうかんざっしニハ、げひんナノガアリマスカ。","words":[{"text":"戦後","gloss":"postwar","reading":"せんご"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"postwar"},{"text":"週刊","gloss":"weekly magazines","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"weekly magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"ニ","gloss":"among"},{"text":"ハ、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"下品","gloss":"vulgar","reading":"げひん"},{"text":"ナノ","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"ガ","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"アリマスカ。","gloss":"are there?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.q.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"朝日、","gloss":"Asahi Newspaper Co."},{"word":"読売、","gloss":"Yomiuri Newspaper Co."},{"word":"毎日、","gloss":"Mainichi Newspaper Co."},{"word":"戦後","gloss":"after a war"},{"word":"自由、","gloss":"freedom"},{"word":"分","gloss":"minute"},{"word":"四","gloss":"four"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Responsibility and changing readership · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Responsibility and changing readership","paragraphs":["The questions ask how publishers should respond to vulgar magazines and which magazines are now popular.","*コンナ下品ナ雑誌ノ発行社ハドウシナケレバナリマセンカ* means \"What must the publishers of such vulgar magazines do?\" The answer calls for self-restraint.","*サイ近 人気ノアル雑誌ト言エバ、ドンナモノデスカ* asks for current popular types, including technical, specialized and women's magazines."]}],"lines":[{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L079.q.008","source":"ナゼ コンナ下品ナ雑誌ガ 発行サレル様ニナリマシタカ。","translation":"Why did such vulgar magazines come to be published?","reading":"ナゼコンナげひんナざっしガはっこうサレルようニナリマシタカ。","words":[{"text":"ナゼ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"コンナ","gloss":"such"},{"text":"下品","gloss":"vulgar","reading":"げひん"},{"text":"ナ","gloss":"vulgar"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"ガ","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"発行","gloss":"publish","reading":"はっこう"},{"text":"サレル","gloss":"be published"},{"text":"様","gloss":"way","reading":"よう"},{"text":"ニナリマシタカ。","gloss":"came to be"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.q.008.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L079.q.009","source":"アマリ下品ナ雑誌ハ、ドウトクニモ、青年ヤ少年少女ノ教育ニモ 悪イデスカ。","translation":"Are excessively vulgar magazines morally harmful and also harmful to the education of young men, boys, and girls?","reading":"アマリげひんナざっしハ、ドウトクニモ、せいねんヤしょうねんしょうじょノきょういくニモわるイデスカ。","words":[{"text":"アマ","gloss":"excessively"},{"text":"リ","gloss":"excessively"},{"text":"下品","gloss":"vulgar","reading":"げひん"},{"text":"ナ","gloss":"vulgar"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"ハ、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ドウトクニモ、","gloss":"morally too"},{"text":"青年","gloss":"young men","reading":"せいねん"},{"text":"ヤ","gloss":"and"},{"text":"少年","gloss":"boys","reading":"しょうねん"},{"text":"少女","gloss":"girls","reading":"しょうじょ"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"教育","gloss":"education","reading":"きょういく"},{"text":"ニモ","gloss":"also to"},{"text":"悪","gloss":"harmful","reading":"わる"},{"text":"イデスカ。","gloss":"harmful question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.q.009.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L079.q.010","source":"コンナ下品ナ雑誌ノ発行社ハドウシナケレバナリマセンカ。","translation":"What must the publishers of such vulgar magazines do?","reading":"コンナげひんナざっしノはっこうしゃハドウシナケレバナリマセンカ。","words":[{"text":"コンナ","gloss":"such"},{"text":"下品","gloss":"vulgar","reading":"げひん"},{"text":"ナ","gloss":"vulgar"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"of"},{"text":"発行","gloss":"publishers","reading":"はっこう"},{"text":"社","gloss":"publishers","reading":"しゃ"},{"text":"ハドウシナケレバナリマセンカ。","gloss":"what must they do?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.q.010.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L079.q.011","source":"下品ナ雑誌ハ 長クツヅキマスカ。","translation":"Do vulgar magazines last long?","reading":"げひんナざっしハながクツヅキマスカ。","words":[{"text":"下品","gloss":"vulgar","reading":"げひん"},{"text":"ナ","gloss":"vulgar"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"ハ","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"長","gloss":"long","reading":"なが"},{"text":"クツヅキマスカ。","gloss":"last long?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.q.011.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L079.q.012","source":"サイ近 人気ノアル雑誌ト言エバ、ドンナモノデスカ。","translation":"Speaking of magazines that have been popular recently, what kind are they?","reading":"サイきんにんきノアルざっしトいエバ、ドンナモノデスカ。","words":[{"text":"サイ","gloss":"recently"},{"text":"近","gloss":"recently","reading":"きん"},{"text":"人気","gloss":"popular","reading":"にんき"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"of"},{"text":"アル","gloss":"having"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"ト","gloss":"speaking of"},{"text":"言","gloss":"say","reading":"い"},{"text":"エバ、","gloss":"speaking of"},{"text":"ドンナモノデスカ。","gloss":"what kind are they?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.q.012.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L079.q.013","source":"サイ近 子供ノタメノ雑誌ガフエテイマスカ。","translation":"Have magazines for children been increasing recently?","reading":"サイきんこどもノタメノざっしガフエテイマスカ。","words":[{"text":"サイ","gloss":"recently"},{"text":"近","gloss":"recently","reading":"きん"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"for"},{"text":"タメ","gloss":"benefit"},{"text":"ノ","gloss":"of"},{"text":"雑誌","gloss":"magazines","reading":"ざっし"},{"text":"ガフエテイマスカ。","gloss":"have been increasing?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.q.013.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L079.q.014","source":"何ガ 現ワレテイマスカ。","translation":"What is appearing?","reading":"なにガあらわレテイマスカ。","words":[{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"ガ","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"現","gloss":"appearing","reading":"あら"},{"text":"ワレテイマスカ。","gloss":"appearing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.q.014.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Publications, reports and speech · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Publishing schedules and types","paragraphs":["These words cover publication schedules, reports, magazine classes, loose lists and speech after a war.","*週刊雑誌* is \"weekly magazine,\" *月刊雑誌* is \"monthly magazine\" and *年刊* is \"yearly publication.\"","The three words distinguish weekly, monthly and yearly publication schedules."]}],"lines":[{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.001","source":"週刊雑誌","translation":"weekly magazine (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"しゅうかんざっし","words":[{"text":"週刊雑誌","gloss":"weekly magazine","reading":"しゅうかんざっし"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.001.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.002","source":"月刊雑誌","translation":"monthly magazine","reading":"げっかんざっし","words":[{"text":"月刊雑誌","gloss":"monthly magazine","reading":"げっかんざっし"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.002.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.003","source":"年刊","translation":"yearly publication","reading":"ねんかん","words":[{"text":"年刊","gloss":"yearly publication","reading":"ねんかん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.003.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.004","source":"ルポ","translation":"report","reading":"ルポ","words":[{"text":"ルポ","gloss":"report"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.004.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.005","source":"四半き","translation":"quarter","reading":"しはんき","words":[{"text":"四半き","gloss":"quarter","reading":"しはんき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.005.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.006","source":"四半き毎に","translation":"quarterly","reading":"しはんきごとに","words":[{"text":"四半き毎に","gloss":"quarterly","reading":"しはんきごとに"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.006.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.007","source":"るい","translation":"sort, kin^J (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"るい","words":[{"text":"るい","gloss":"sort"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.007.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.008","source":"－－だの－－だの","translation":"and so forth (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"－－だの－－だの","words":[{"text":"－－だの－－だの","gloss":"and so forth"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.008.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.009","source":"下品","translation":"vulgar, unrefined","reading":"げひん","words":[{"text":"下品","gloss":"vulgar","reading":"げひん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.009.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.010","source":"言ろん","translation":"speech","reading":"げんろん","words":[{"text":"言ろん","gloss":"speech","reading":"げんろん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.010.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.011","source":"戦後","translation":"after a war","reading":"せんご","words":[{"text":"戦後","gloss":"after a war","reading":"せんご"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.011.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"週刊雑誌","gloss":"weekly magazine (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"月刊雑誌","gloss":"monthly magazine"},{"word":"四半き","gloss":"quarter"},{"word":"四半き毎に","gloss":"quarterly"},{"word":"－－だの－－だの","gloss":"and so forth (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"言ろん","gloss":"speech"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Freedom, expression and restraint · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Freedom and restraint","paragraphs":["These words cover public expression, responsibility, restraint, morality and negative expressions.","*自由* is \"freedom\" and *表現* is \"expression.\"","*何とも－－ない* means \"nothing\" or \"not a bit.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.012","source":"自由","translation":"freedom","reading":"じゆう","words":[{"text":"自由","gloss":"freedom","reading":"じゆう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.012.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.013","source":"出ぱん","translation":"printing, publication","reading":"しゅっぱん","words":[{"text":"出ぱん","gloss":"publication","reading":"しゅっぱん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.013.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.014","source":"表現","translation":"expression","reading":"ひょうげん","words":[{"text":"表現","gloss":"expression","reading":"ひょうげん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.014.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.015","source":"ともなう","translation":"go hand in hand with; accompany (v.t.)","reading":"ともなう","words":[{"text":"ともなう","gloss":"accompany"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.015.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.016","source":"一時","translation":"for a time","reading":"いちじ","words":[{"text":"一時","gloss":"for a time","reading":"いちじ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.016.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.017","source":"何ともすることが 出来なかった","translation":"couldn’t do anything","reading":"なんともすることができなかった","words":[{"text":"何ともすることが出来なかった","gloss":"couldn't do anything","reading":"なんともすることができなかった"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.017.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.018","source":"何とも－－ない","translation":"nothing, not a bit (See Gram Notes)","reading":"なんとも－－ない","words":[{"text":"何とも－－ない","gloss":"nothing at all","reading":"なんとも－－ない"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.018.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.019","source":"やかましい","translation":"strict, noisy","reading":"やかましい","words":[{"text":"やかましい","gloss":"strict or noisy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.019.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.020","source":"どうとか言う","translation":"say something, say this and that","reading":"どうとかいう","words":[{"text":"どうとか言う","gloss":"say something","reading":"どうとかいう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.020.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.021","source":"自しゅく","translation":"self-restraint, self-discipline","reading":"じしゅく","words":[{"text":"自しゅく","gloss":"self-restraint","reading":"じしゅく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.021.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.022","source":"どうとく","translation":"morality, moral character","reading":"どうとく","words":[{"text":"どうとく","gloss":"morality"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"出ぱん","gloss":"printing, publication"},{"word":"ともなう","gloss":"go hand in hand with; accompany (v.t.)"},{"word":"何ともすることが出来なかった","gloss":"couldn’t do anything"},{"word":"何とも－－ない","gloss":"nothing, not a bit (See Gram Notes)"},{"word":"どうとか言う","gloss":"say something, say this and that"},{"word":"自しゅく","gloss":"self-restraint, self-discipline"},{"word":"どうとく","gloss":"morality, moral character"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"People, magazines and society · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"People, audiences and change","paragraphs":["These words cover social groups, popular magazines, suitable audiences and social change.","*青年* is \"young man\" or \"adolescent,\" while *女性* is \"female\" or \"women.\"","*むき* means \"becoming\" or \"suitable.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.023","source":"青年","translation":"young man, adolescent","reading":"せいねん","words":[{"text":"青年","gloss":"young man","reading":"せいねん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.023.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.024","source":"少年","translation":"youth, boy, juvenile","reading":"しょうねん","words":[{"text":"少年","gloss":"young boy","reading":"しょうねん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.024.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.025","source":"少女","translation":"young (little) girl","reading":"しょうじょ","words":[{"text":"少女","gloss":"young girl","reading":"しょうじょ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.025.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.026","source":"大しゅう","translation":"general public","reading":"たいしゅう","words":[{"text":"大しゅう","gloss":"general public","reading":"たいしゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.026.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.027","source":"むき","translation":"becoming, suitable (See cult. notes)","reading":"むき","words":[{"text":"むき","gloss":"suitable"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.027.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.028","source":"女性","translation":"female, women","reading":"じょせい","words":[{"text":"女性","gloss":"women","reading":"じょせい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.028.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.029","source":"くせもの","translation":"villain, suspect","reading":"くせもの","words":[{"text":"くせもの","gloss":"suspect"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.029.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.030","source":"大しゅう雑誌","translation":"popular magazine, magazines for the mass","reading":"たいしゅうざっし","words":[{"text":"大しゅう雑誌","gloss":"popular magazine","reading":"たいしゅうざっし"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.030.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.031","source":"社会","translation":"society","reading":"しゃかい","words":[{"text":"社会","gloss":"society","reading":"しゃかい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.031.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.032","source":"うつりかわり","translation":"changes","reading":"うつりかわり","words":[{"text":"うつりかわり","gloss":"changes"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.032.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.033","source":"現われる","translation":"reveal, appears, shows (vi)","reading":"あらわれる","words":[{"text":"現われる","gloss":"appears","reading":"あらわれる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.033.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"大しゅう","gloss":"general public"},{"word":"むき","gloss":"becoming, suitable (See cult. notes)"},{"word":"大しゅう雑誌","gloss":"popular magazine, magazines for the mass"},{"word":"現われる","gloss":"reveal, appears, shows (vi)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Birth control and rarity · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Population and recurring events","paragraphs":["These words cover phenomena, birth control, young age, rarity and recurring events.","*現しょう* is \"phenomenon.\"","*sanji seigen* and *さんじせいげん* both mean \"birth control\" and show the same entry in two scripts."]}],"lines":[{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.034","source":"現しょう","translation":"phenomenon","reading":"げんしょう","words":[{"text":"現しょう","gloss":"phenomenon","reading":"げんしょう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.034.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.035","source":"sanji seigen","translation":"birth control","reading":"さんじせいげん","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.035.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.036","source":"osanai","translation":"young, of tender age","reading":"おさない","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.036.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.037","source":"mezurashii","translation":"rare, unusual","reading":"めずらしい","words":null,"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.037.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.038","source":"(その)つど","translation":"everytime","reading":"(その)つど","words":[{"text":"(その)つど","gloss":"every time"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.038.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.039","source":"さんじせいげん","translation":"birth control","reading":"さんじせいげん","words":[{"text":"さんじせいげん","gloss":"birth control"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.039.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.040","source":"おさない","translation":"young, of tender age","reading":"おさない","words":[{"text":"おさない","gloss":"young"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.040.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L079.w.041","source":"めずらしい","translation":"rare, unusual","reading":"めずらしい","words":[{"text":"めずらしい","gloss":"unusual"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L079.w.041.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":6,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\na Influence of ’’freedom of expression” on the publications in Japan.\n\nb Talk about various magazine publications—weekly, monthly, quarterly or yearly in Japan. Name a few of them.\n\nc Compare magazine publications before the war and after the war."},{"section":7,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.\n\n2 Study Grammar Perception Drill.\n\n3 Study Pattern Practice and do the exercise after each pattern.\n\n4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.\n\n5 Read the Explanatory Notes.\n\n6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercise given."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"現しょう","gloss":"phenomenon"},{"word":"(その)つど","gloss":"everytime"},{"word":"さんじせいげん","gloss":"birth control"}],"paradigms":[]}]}