{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L081","title":"Lesson 81","stage":"Reading Japan","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 81: choosing a cloisonné gift · dialogue 1 of 6, wired and wireless cloisonné · dialogue 2 of 6, bargaining over expensive cloisonné · dialogue 3 of 6, buying and wrapping two gifts · dialogue 4 of 6, adding an antique platter · dialogue 5 of 6, arranging home delivery · dialogue 6 of 6, expressing feelings and desires · perception drill, saying something seldom happens · perception drill, describing people’s feelings · pattern 1 1 of 3, explaining embarrassment and affection · pattern 1 2 of 3, recognizing emotional adjectives · pattern 1 3 of 3, saying what rarely happens · pattern 2 1 of 3, discussing rare occurrences · pattern 2 2 of 3, asking about habitual activities · pattern 2 3 of 3, comparing two cloisonné styles · reading selection 1 of 2, buying gifts for delivery · reading selection 2 of 2, cloisonné types and origins · questions 1 of 2, purchases, cloisonné, wires, discounts, desires.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/79","lines":164},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/78","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/80","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Choosing a cloisonné gift · Dialogue 1 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"A gift of cloisonne","paragraphs":["A customer says, *七宝焼が ほしいんだが*, \"I want some cloisonne, but do you have any?\" The clerk offers several kinds.","The customer wants a gift that is not too large. A vase about twenty centimeters high has the right size but lacks gold and silver designs."]},{"title":"Cloisonne ware","paragraphs":["*七宝焼* is \"cloisonne ware\". *七宝* means \"Seven Treasures\".","Gold or silver wire outlines a design on silver or copper. Colored enamel fills the spaces before repeated baking and polishing complete the ware."]},{"title":"Kanji: 宝, 贈","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.001","source":"いらっしゃいませ。","translation":"Welcome!","reading":"いらっしゃいませ。","words":[{"text":"いらっしゃい","gloss":"welcome"},{"text":"ませ。","gloss":"welcome"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.002","source":"七宝焼が ほしいんだが。","translation":"I want some cloisonne, but (do you have any?)","reading":"しっぽうやきがほしいんだが。","words":[{"text":"七宝","gloss":"cloisonne ware","reading":"しっぽう"},{"text":"焼","gloss":"cloisonne ware","reading":"やき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ほしい","gloss":"want"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が。","gloss":"but"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.003","source":"はい、色々 御ざいますから、どうぞ 御覧になってください。","translation":"Yes, I have all kinds, so please take a look at them.","reading":"はい、いろいろございますから、どうぞごらんになってください。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"色々","gloss":"all kinds","reading":"いろいろ"},{"text":"御","gloss":"have","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"have"},{"text":"い","gloss":"have"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"have"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"どうぞ","gloss":"please"},{"text":"御覧","gloss":"take a look","reading":"ごらん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"take a look"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"take a look"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take a look"},{"text":"ください。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.004","source":"贈り物にしたいのだから、あまり 大きくない方が いい。","translation":"I want to make it a gift, so I don't want it too big.","reading":"おくりものにしたいのだから、あまりおおきくないほうがいい。","words":[{"text":"贈り物","gloss":"gift"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"make"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"not too"},{"text":"大きく","gloss":"big","reading":"おおきく"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"方","gloss":"one","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい。","gloss":"good"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.005","source":"かしこまりました。これくらいの 大きさでは いかがで 御ざいましょう。高さは 二十センチぐらいです。","translation":"Certainly. How about this size? The height is about twenty centimeters.","reading":"かしこまりました。これくらいのおおきさではいかがでございましょう。たかさはにじゅうセンチぐらいです。","words":[{"text":"かしこまり","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"大き","gloss":"size","reading":"おおき"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"size"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いかが","gloss":"how"},{"text":"で","gloss":"being"},{"text":"御","gloss":"would it be","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざい","gloss":"would it be"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"would it be"},{"text":"高","gloss":"height","reading":"たか"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"height"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"二十","gloss":"twenty","reading":"にじゅう"},{"text":"センチ","gloss":"centimeters"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.006","source":"そうだね。大きさは そのくらいで よろしいが、それには 金 銀の もようが はいっていないね。","translation":"Well, that's about the right size, but it doesn't have a gold and silver design, does it?","reading":"そうだね。おおきさはそのくらいでよろしいが、それにはきんぎんのもようがはいっていないね。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"大き","gloss":"size","reading":"おおき"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"size"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"くらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"よろしい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"it"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"金","gloss":"gold","reading":"きん"},{"text":"銀","gloss":"silver","reading":"ぎん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"もよう","gloss":"design"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"はいっ","gloss":"does not contain"},{"text":"て","gloss":"does not contain"},{"text":"い","gloss":"does not contain"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"does not contain"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"GARU\nGARU is a suffix and it is attached to the stem of i-adjectives which express feelings or emotions such as HAZUKASHII, OMOSHIROI, ATSUI, etc. and describes the feelings or emotions of the second or the third person.\nGARU has the same inflection as consonant verbs (regular). For example, GARANAI, GATTEIMASU, GAREBA, etc.\nOMOSHIROGARU “be amused at”, “enjoy”\nATSUGARU “feel the heat”, “be sensitive to the heat.”\nSAMUGARU “feel cold”, “be sensitive to the cold.”\nITAGARU “be in pain”, “complain of pain”\nURESHIGARU “be glad”, “be pleased”, rejoice over”\nKAWAIGARU “love”, “be affectionate to”\nURUSAGARU “feel annoyed”, “find troublesome”\n\nHOSHIGARU “crave for”, “desire”\nHAZUKASHIGARU “feel bashful”, “be shy”\nKIMARI GA WARUGARU “feel awkward”"},{"section":2,"text":"METTA NI--NAI “rarely”, “seldom”\nFollowed by negative verbs both polite and non-polite, METTA NI expresses an idea of “rarely do such-and-such”, “seldom do such-and-such”, or “such-and-such are rare.”\nExamples:\nSONNA HITO WA METTA NI ARIMASEN. “such persons are rare”\nKOKO DEWA YUKI WA METTA NI FURIMASEN. “It seldom snows here.”\nMACHI DEWA METTA NI TABEMASEN. “I seldom eat in town.”\nMETTA NI IKANAI. “I seldom go.”"},{"section":3,"text":"SHIPPOO YAKI “cloisonne”\nSHIPPOO, the Japanese name for cloisonne, means Seven Treasures. This beautiful and artistic iron work ornamented with gold, silver, ruby, crystal, coral, pearl and agate glitters with jeweled splendor. Gorgeous cloisonne vases make the best of all indoor ornaments. In making cloisonne ware, the design is put on a body of silver or copper and then long thin pieces of gold or silver are planted on the outline of the design. Then, the spaces between the wires are filled with enamel glazes of various colors. After that, in an electric furnace, it is baked at least three times. And lastly, the polishing which is done with many different kinds of whetstones begins and it is completed.\nThe technique dates back to more than 1,000 years ago. Nagoya and Kyoto are the production centers. ANDO is a great name in cloisonne and the ANDO store in Tokyo displays some rare examples of this ancient art. In addition to flower vases, there are fine cloisonne jewel boxes, cigarette boxes, lamp stands, ornaments, and other works.\nThe following are the seven kinds of cloisonne:\n\nYuusen Shippoo (cloisonne enamel)\n\nMusen Shippoo (cloisonne enamel without wiring)\n\nZoogan Shippoo (champleve enamel)\n\nTsuiki, Shippoo (embossed metal and enamelled)\n\nTootai Shippoo (enamel with transparent insets)\n\nShootai Shippoo (transparent enamel)\n\nToomeiyu Shippoo (transparent enamel)"},{"section":4,"text":"IMARI-YAKI\nMost of the Imari wares are Arita wares. Arita wares were shipped out from the port of Imari. Consequently, they were called Imari wares. Imari wares specialize in dishes, bowls and rice bowls, etc. Characteristics of Imari wares is its color--predominantly in red color design or blue color design."},{"section":5,"text":"3 Meishi “calling card”\nMeishi are used in Japan in professional circles to a much greater extent than calling cards are used in America. They are regularly exchanged by new acquaintances. They usually include name, title, business affiliation, address, and telephone number."},{"section":6,"text":"KA NE\nNE is often used after the interrogative particle KA in the abrupt form of question to give a little softness or to make it less abrupt.\n\nabrupt | less abrupt | translation\nIKU KA | IKU KA NE | ”are you going?”\nIKURA KA | IKURA KA NE | ”How much is it?”\nKAERU NO KA | KAERU NO KA NE | ”Are you going home”"}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"いらっしゃい","gloss":"please come; please go (See Cult. notes)"},{"word":"七宝","gloss":"abbrev. of SHIPPOO-YAKI"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ほしい","gloss":"want, wish (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ください。","gloss":"please give me (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"贈り物","gloss":"present"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"いい。","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"くらい","gloss":"dark"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"ましょう。","gloss":"let's (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"二十","gloss":"20"},{"word":"センチ","gloss":"centimeter"},{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"よろしい","gloss":"good!"},{"word":"金","gloss":"gold"},{"word":"銀","gloss":"silver"},{"word":"もよう","gloss":"design, pattern"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Wired and wireless cloisonné · Dialogue 2 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"Wire and painted designs","paragraphs":["The clerk explains, *有線ですと、金や 銀の はり金で もようが 入れてあります*, \"With wire design, gold and silver wires form the design.\"","*無線* has no wire. Its design looks like a painted picture, while the wired example has a butterfly and a brilliant peony."]},{"title":"A softer informal question","paragraphs":["The customer asks, *有線もようのも あるかね*, \"Do you have one with a wire design, too?\"","An informal question ending in *か* can sound abrupt. Adding *ね* after *か* makes it less abrupt without changing its meaning."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.007","source":"はい、はいって おりません。御しょうちの様に 七宝には 有線と 無線が ありまして ----。","translation":"No, it doesn't. As you know, in cloisonne, we have one with wire design and one without wire design.","reading":"はい、はいっておりません。ごしょうちのようにしっぽうにはゆうせんとむせんがありまして----。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"はいっ","gloss":"does not contain"},{"text":"て","gloss":"does not contain"},{"text":"おり","gloss":"does not contain"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"does not contain"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"does not contain"},{"text":"御","gloss":"know","reading":"ご"},{"text":"しょうち","gloss":"know"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"様","gloss":"way","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as"},{"text":"七宝","gloss":"cloisonne","reading":"しっぽう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"有線","gloss":"wire design","reading":"ゆうせん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"無線","gloss":"wireless design","reading":"むせん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"there are"},{"text":"て----。","gloss":"there are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.008","source":"なるほど。","translation":"I see.","reading":"なるほど。","words":[{"text":"なるほど。","gloss":"I see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.009","source":"それで 有線ですと、金や 銀の はり金で もようが 入れてあります。これは 無線ですから、絵を かいた様です。","translation":"And if it is with the wire design, the design is put in it with gold and silver wires. Since this is wireless, it looks like a picture is painted on it.","reading":"それでゆうせんですと、きんやぎんのはりがねでもようがいれてあります。これはむせんですから、えをかいたようです。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"and"},{"text":"で","gloss":"so"},{"text":"有線","gloss":"wire design","reading":"ゆうせん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"金","gloss":"gold","reading":"きん"},{"text":"や","gloss":"and such"},{"text":"銀","gloss":"silver","reading":"ぎん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"はり金","gloss":"wire"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"もよう","gloss":"design"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"入れ","gloss":"is put in","reading":"いれ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is put in"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"is put in"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is put in"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"無線","gloss":"wireless design","reading":"むせん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"絵","gloss":"picture","reading":"え"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かい","gloss":"painted"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"様","gloss":"appearance","reading":"よう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.010","source":"美しいね。有線もようのも あるかね。","translation":"It is pretty, isn't it? Do you have one with a wire design, too?","reading":"うつくしいね。ゆうせんもようのもあるかね。","words":[{"text":"美しい","gloss":"beautiful","reading":"うつくしい"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"有線","gloss":"wire design","reading":"ゆうせん"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"よう","gloss":"design"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"も","gloss":"one"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exists"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.011","source":"御ざいます。これは いかがで 御ざいましょう。","translation":"Yes, I have. How about this one?","reading":"ございます。これはいかがでございましょう。","words":[{"text":"御","gloss":"yes, we have it","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"yes, we have it"},{"text":"い","gloss":"yes, we have it"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"yes, we have it"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いかが","gloss":"how"},{"text":"で","gloss":"being"},{"text":"御","gloss":"would it be","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざい","gloss":"would it be"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"would it be"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.012","source":"ぼたんに ちょうちょうか。ぼたんの 色が あざやかだね。","translation":"Butterfly on peony, eh? The color of peony is sure brillant, isn't it?","reading":"ぼたんにちょうちょうか。ぼたんのいろがあざやかだね。","words":[{"text":"ぼたん","gloss":"peony"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"ちょうちょう","gloss":"butterfly"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ぼたん","gloss":"peony"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"色","gloss":"color","reading":"いろ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あざやか","gloss":"brilliant"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"有線","gloss":"with wire (design)"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"無線","gloss":"wireless; without wire (design)"},{"word":"なるほど。","gloss":"I see, indeed, to be sure"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"や","gloss":"and---among others (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"はり金","gloss":"wire"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ぼたん","gloss":"peony"},{"word":"ちょうちょう","gloss":"butterfly"},{"word":"あざやか","gloss":"brilliant,(capula noun)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Bargaining over expensive cloisonné · Dialogue 3 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"The price of wired cloisonne","paragraphs":["The buyer says the butterfly looks alive, then asks, *これで いくらかね*, \"How much is this?\" The *ね* after *か* softens the question.","The wired piece costs twenty-nine thousand yen. *少し まからないかね* asks whether the clerk can reduce the price a little.","The clerk attributes the high price to the gold and silver wire, but the buyer still considers it expensive."]},{"title":"Kanji: 生","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.013","source":"ちょうちょうも 生きている様に 見えます。","translation":"The butterfly looks like it is alive, too.","reading":"ちょうちょうもいきているようにみえます。","words":[{"text":"ちょうちょう","gloss":"butterfly"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"生き","gloss":"is alive","reading":"いき"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is alive"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is alive"},{"text":"様","gloss":"as if","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as"},{"text":"見え","gloss":"looks","reading":"みえ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"looks"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.014","source":"全く。これで いくらかね。","translation":"Indeed. How much is this?","reading":"まったく。これでいくらかね。","words":[{"text":"全く。","gloss":"indeed","reading":"まったく"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"で","gloss":"for"},{"text":"いくら","gloss":"how much"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.015","source":"二万九千円で 御ざいます。","translation":"It's 29,000 yen.","reading":"にまんきゅうせんえんでございます。","words":[{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"万","gloss":"ten-thousand","reading":"まん"},{"text":"九千","gloss":"nine thousand","reading":"きゅうせん"},{"text":"円","gloss":"yen","reading":"えん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"being"},{"text":"御","gloss":"is","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.016","source":"ものすごく 高いね。少し まからないかね。","translation":"It's terribly expensive, isn't it? Can you come down a little?","reading":"ものすごくたかいね。すこしまからないかね。","words":[{"text":"ものすごく","gloss":"terribly"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"まから","gloss":"come down"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.017","source":"やはり 金、銀の 有線もようですから、高くなります","translation":"After all, it has a gold and silver design and it will be expensive.","reading":"やはりきん、ぎんのゆうせんもようですから、たかくなります","words":[{"text":"やはり","gloss":"after all"},{"text":"金、","gloss":"gold","reading":"きん"},{"text":"銀","gloss":"silver","reading":"ぎん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"有線","gloss":"wire design","reading":"ゆうせん"},{"text":"もよう","gloss":"design"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"高く","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかく"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.018","source":"それにしても 少し 高いね。","translation":"Even then, it is still a little expensive.","reading":"それにしてもすこしたかいね。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"even so"},{"text":"に","gloss":"even so"},{"text":"し","gloss":"even so"},{"text":"て","gloss":"even so"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even so"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"全く。","gloss":"truly, entirely"},{"word":"いくら","gloss":"how much? how many?"},{"word":"二","gloss":"two"},{"word":"九千","gloss":"9,000"},{"word":"円","gloss":"yen (unit of money)"},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"},{"word":"やはり","gloss":"as it should be expected"},{"word":"金、","gloss":"gold"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Buying and wrapping two gifts · Dialogue 4 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"Two gifts wrapped separately","paragraphs":["After a special discount, the buyer compares another piece at six thousand yen and decides to take both.","*贈り物だから、別々に 包んで くれないか* means \"Since they are gifts, will you wrap them separately?\"","He then asks, *日本の 七宝焼は どこで 出来るのかね*, \"Where is Japanese cloisonne made?\" The *ね* softens the informal question."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.019","source":"では、特別に 勉強いたしまして、二万五千円に いたして おきましょう。","translation":"Well then, I'll make a special discount and I'll make it 25,000 yen.","reading":"では、とくべつにべんきょういたしまして、にまんごせんえんにいたしておきましょう。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"well"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"特別","gloss":"special","reading":"とくべつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"discount","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"did, polite"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"万","gloss":"ten-thousand","reading":"まん"},{"text":"五千","gloss":"five thousand","reading":"ごせん"},{"text":"円","gloss":"yen","reading":"えん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"make"},{"text":"て","gloss":"make"},{"text":"おき","gloss":"in advance"},{"text":"ましょう。","gloss":"will"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.020","source":"そちらは いくらかね。","translation":"How much is that one?","reading":"そちらはいくらかね。","words":[{"text":"そちら","gloss":"that one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いくら","gloss":"how much"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.021","source":"こちらは 六千円で 御ざいます。","translation":"This is 6,000 yen.","reading":"こちらはろくせんえんでございます。","words":[{"text":"こちら","gloss":"this one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"六千","gloss":"six thousand","reading":"ろくせん"},{"text":"円","gloss":"yen","reading":"えん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"being"},{"text":"御","gloss":"is","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.021.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.022","source":"ずっと 安いね。とにかく 両方 もらおう。贈り物だから、別々に 包んで くれないか。","translation":"It's a lot cheaper, isn't it? Anyway, I'll take both. Since these are going to be gifts, will you wrap them separately.","reading":"ずっとやすいね。とにかくりょうほうもらおう。おくりものだから、べつべつにつつんでくれないか。","words":[{"text":"ずっと","gloss":"much"},{"text":"安い","gloss":"cheaper","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"とにかく","gloss":"anyway"},{"text":"両方","gloss":"both","reading":"りょうほう"},{"text":"もらおう。","gloss":"will take"},{"text":"贈り物","gloss":"gift"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"別々","gloss":"separately","reading":"べつべつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as"},{"text":"包ん","gloss":"wrap","reading":"つつん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"wrap"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.022.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.023","source":"かしこまりました。","translation":"Certainly.","reading":"かしこまりました。","words":[{"text":"かしこまり","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"certainly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.023.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.024","source":"日本の 七宝焼は どこで 出来るのかね。","translation":"Where are Japanese cloisonne made?","reading":"にほんのしっぽうやきはどこでできるのかね。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"七宝","gloss":"cloisonne ware","reading":"しっぽう"},{"text":"焼","gloss":"cloisonne ware","reading":"やき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"are made","reading":"できる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は、","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"五千","gloss":"5,000"},{"word":"そちら","gloss":"that, there"},{"word":"こちら","gloss":"this, here (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"六千","gloss":"6,000"},{"word":"ずっと","gloss":"by far; very much"},{"word":"とにかく","gloss":"at any rate; any how"},{"word":"両方","gloss":"both"},{"word":"出来る","gloss":"to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Adding an antique platter · Dialogue 5 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"An old Imari platter","paragraphs":["The buyer sees a rare platter. *あれは ふるい 伊万里焼です* means \"That is old Imari ware.\"","Most Imari ware is Arita ware shipped from the port of Imari. It commonly includes dishes, bowls, and rice bowls with red or blue designs."]},{"title":"A rare find for his wife","paragraphs":["*このごろでは めったに 見うけません* means \"We rarely see them these days.\" The negative verb works with *めったに*.","The buyer says, *家内が ほしがるもんだから*, \"Since my wife wants it.\" The form *ほしがる* describes another person's desire."]},{"title":"Kanji: 珍, 届","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]},{"title":"Kanji: 古","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.025","source":"ほとんど 皆、名古屋で 出来ます。","translation":"Almost all of them are made in Nagoya.","reading":"ほとんどみな、なごやでできます。","words":[{"text":"ほとんど","gloss":"almost"},{"text":"皆、","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"名古屋","gloss":"Nagoya","reading":"なごや"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"are made","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"are made"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.025.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.026","source":"あの 大ざらは 珍しいね。","translation":"That platter is unusual, isn't it?","reading":"あのおおざらはめずらしいね。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"大","gloss":"platter","reading":"おお"},{"text":"ざら","gloss":"platter"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"珍しい","gloss":"unusual","reading":"めずらしい"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.026.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.027","source":"あれは ふるい 伊万里焼です。このごろでは めったに 見うけません。","translation":"That's an old Imari ware. We rarely see them these days.","reading":"あれはふるいいまりやきです。このごろではめったにみうけません。","words":[{"text":"あれ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ふるい","gloss":"old"},{"text":"伊万里","gloss":"Imari ware","reading":"いまり"},{"text":"焼","gloss":"Imari ware","reading":"やき"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"このごろ","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"めった","gloss":"rarely"},{"text":"に","gloss":"rarely"},{"text":"見うけ","gloss":"do not see","reading":"みうけ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"do not see"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"do not see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.027.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.028","source":"実は 家内が ほしがるもんだから、それとなく さがしていたんだ。ついでに あれも もらおう。","translation":"As a matter of fact, I was looking for it in a casual manner, since my wife wants it. I'll take that too, while I am at it.","reading":"じつはかないがほしがるもんだから、それとなくさがしていたんだ。ついでにあれももらおう。","words":[{"text":"実","gloss":"actually","reading":"じつ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"actually"},{"text":"家内","gloss":"my wife","reading":"かない"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ほし","gloss":"wants"},{"text":"がる","gloss":"wants"},{"text":"もん","gloss":"reason"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"casually"},{"text":"と","gloss":"casually"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"casually"},{"text":"さがし","gloss":"was looking"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was looking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was looking"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was looking"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ついで","gloss":"while at it"},{"text":"に","gloss":"while at it"},{"text":"あれ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"もらおう。","gloss":"will take"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.028.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.029","source":"ありがとう御ざいます。","translation":"Thank you very much.","reading":"ありがとうございます。","words":[{"text":"ありがとう","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"御","gloss":"very much","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"い","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"very much"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.029.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.030","source":"皆 一緒にして、うちへ 届けて くれないかね。","translation":"Put them all together and deliver them to my home.","reading":"みないっしょにして、うちへとどけてくれないかね。","words":[{"text":"皆","gloss":"all","reading":"みな"},{"text":"一緒","gloss":"together","reading":"いっしょ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"make"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"make"},{"text":"うち","gloss":"home"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"届け","gloss":"deliver","reading":"とどけ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"deliver"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.030.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ほとんど","gloss":"almost (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"名古屋","gloss":"P. N."},{"word":"ついで","gloss":"opportunity"},{"word":"うち","gloss":"home, house"},{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Arranging home delivery · Dialogue 6 of 6","teaching":[{"title":"The address on a calling card","paragraphs":["The clerk asks where to deliver the purchases. The customer answers, *この 名しの じゅう所に 届けて くれないか*, \"Will you deliver them to this calling card address?\"","*名し* are \"calling cards\". New professional acquaintances in Japan regularly exchange them.","A card usually gives a name, title, business affiliation, address, and telephone number. The clerk promises delivery during the next morning."]},{"title":"Kanji: 必","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.031","source":"かしこまりました。お宅は どちらで 御ざいますか。","translation":"Certainly. Where is your home?","reading":"かしこまりました。おたくはどちらでございますか。","words":[{"text":"かしこまり","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"certainly"},{"text":"お","gloss":"your"},{"text":"宅","gloss":"home","reading":"たく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どちら","gloss":"where"},{"text":"で","gloss":"being"},{"text":"御","gloss":"is","reading":"ご"},{"text":"ざ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.031.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.032","source":"この 名しの じゅう所に 届けて くれないか。","translation":"Will you deliver them to this calling card address.","reading":"このめいしのじゅうしょにとどけてくれないか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"名","gloss":"calling card","reading":"めい"},{"text":"し","gloss":"calling card"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"じゅう","gloss":"address"},{"text":"所","gloss":"address","reading":"しょ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"届け","gloss":"deliver","reading":"とどけ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"deliver"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.032.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L081.dlg.033","source":"明日 午前中には 必ず お届けいたします。","translation":"I will deliver them without fail sometime tomorrow morning.","reading":"あしたごぜんちゅうにはかならずおとどけいたします。","words":[{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"text":"午前","gloss":"morning"},{"text":"中","gloss":"morning"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"必ず","gloss":"without fail","reading":"かならず"},{"text":"お","gloss":"honorably"},{"text":"届け","gloss":"deliver","reading":"とどけ"},{"text":"いたし","gloss":"will do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"will do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.dlg.033.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"どちら","gloss":"which of two (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"名","gloss":"name"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"},{"word":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow"},{"word":"午前","gloss":"a.m., morning"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Expressing feelings and desires · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"Another person's feeling","paragraphs":["*むすめは 知らない人が 来ると、はずかしがって 自分の へやから 出て来ないのです* means \"When a stranger comes, my daughter feels shy and does not leave her room.\"","The form *はずかしがって* describes the daughter's feeling from another person's viewpoint."]},{"title":"From a feeling to a verb","paragraphs":["*がる* replaces the final *い* of an I-adjective that expresses a feeling or emotion. The result describes a second or third person's feeling.","Thus *ほしい* becomes *ほしがる*. In *子供が これを ほしがっています*, the children desire this.","The new word changes endings like a consonant verb, as in *ほしがっています* and *ほしがらない*."]}],"lines":[{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L081.gp1.01","source":"子供が これを ほしがっています。","translation":"Children are craving for this.","reading":"こどもがこれをほしがっています。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ほし","gloss":"crave"},{"text":"がっ","gloss":"crave"},{"text":"て","gloss":"crave"},{"text":"い","gloss":"crave"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"crave"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L081.gp1.02","source":"おじょうさんは 今晩 いらっしゃらないのですか。","translation":"Isn't your daughter at home tonight?","reading":"おじょうさんはこんばんいらっしゃらないのですか。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"your"},{"text":"じょう","gloss":"daughter"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"daughter"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"いらっしゃら","gloss":"will be home"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L081.gp1.03","source":"むすめは 知らない人が 来ると、はずかしがって 自分の へやから 出て来ないのです。","translation":"When a stranger comes, my daughter feels bashful and doesn't come out of her room.","reading":"むすめはしらないひとがくると、はずかしがってじぶんのへやからでてこないのです。","words":[{"text":"むすめ","gloss":"my daughter"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"知ら","gloss":"know","reading":"しら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"comes","reading":"くる"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"はずかし","gloss":"feels bashful"},{"text":"がっ","gloss":"feels bashful"},{"text":"て","gloss":"feels bashful"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"own","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"へや","gloss":"room"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"出","gloss":"come out","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"come out"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come out","reading":"こ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L081.gp1.04","source":"パーカーさんは 日本へ 行ける様に なったので、喜こんでいるでしょう。","translation":"Since Mr. Parker became able to go to Japan, he must be very glad.","reading":"パーカーさんはにほんへいけるようになったので、よろこんでいるでしょう。","words":[{"text":"パーカー","gloss":"Parker"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行ける","gloss":"can go","reading":"いける"},{"text":"様","gloss":"so that","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"喜こん","gloss":"is glad","reading":"よろこん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is glad"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is glad"},{"text":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L081.gp1.05","source":"ええ、とても うれしがっています。","translation":"Yes, he is rejoicing over it.","reading":"ええ、とてもうれしがっています。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"うれし","gloss":"is rejoicing"},{"text":"がっ","gloss":"is rejoicing"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is rejoicing"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is rejoicing"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is rejoicing"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L081.gp1.06","source":"田中さんは いぬを かっているのですね。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka has a dog, hasn't he?","reading":"たなかさんはいぬをかっているのですね。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いぬ","gloss":"dog"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かっ","gloss":"has"},{"text":"て","gloss":"has"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"has"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L081.gp1.07","source":"ええ、いぬが とても 好きで、自分の子供の様に かわいがっています。","translation":"Yes, he likes dogs very much and loves them as if they were his own children.","reading":"ええ、いぬがとてもすきで、じぶんのこどものようにかわいがっています。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"いぬ","gloss":"dogs"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"likes","reading":"すき"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"自分","gloss":"own","reading":"じぶん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"様","gloss":"like","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as"},{"text":"かわい","gloss":"loves"},{"text":"がっ","gloss":"loves"},{"text":"て","gloss":"loves"},{"text":"い","gloss":"loves"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"loves"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L081.gp1.08","source":"今晩 スミスさんの所へ 遊びに 行きませんか。","translation":"Let's go to visit Mr. Smith tonight.","reading":"こんばんスミスさんのところへあそびにいきませんか。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"遊び","gloss":"visit","reading":"あそび"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"shall we"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"shall we"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L081.gp1.09","source":"さあ、今晩は スミスさんは 勉強だろうから、行きますまい。勉強している時に だれか 来ると、とても うるさがるから。","translation":"Well, since probably Mr. Smith will be studying tonight, let's not go. He feels very annoyed when someone comes when he is studying, so ---","reading":"さあ、こんばんはスミスさんはべんきょうだろうから、いきますまい。べんきょうしているときにだれかくると、とてもうるさがるから。","words":[{"text":"さあ、","gloss":"well"},{"text":"今晩は","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばんは"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"studying","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"まい。","gloss":"probably not"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"doing"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"doing"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"someone"},{"text":"か","gloss":"someone"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"comes","reading":"くる"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"うるさ","gloss":"feels annoyed"},{"text":"がる","gloss":"feels annoyed"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L081.gp1.10","source":"君は いい ライターを 持っているな。僕に くれないか。","translation":"You have a nice lighter, haven't you. Won't you give it to me?","reading":"きみはいいライターをもっているな。ぼくにくれないか。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"nice"},{"text":"ライター","gloss":"lighter"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"have","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"have"},{"text":"な。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"僕","gloss":"me","reading":"ぼく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"give"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L081.gp1.11","source":"君は よく人の物を ほしがる男だな。だめだよ、これは 家内から もらった 物だから。","translation":"You sure crave for somebody else's things, don't you? I won't give it to you, since I got this from my wife.","reading":"きみはよくひとのものをほしがるおとこだな。だめだよ、これはかないからもらったものだから。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"really"},{"text":"人","gloss":"others","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ほし","gloss":"crave"},{"text":"がる","gloss":"crave"},{"text":"男","gloss":"man","reading":"おとこ"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"are"},{"text":"な。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"だめ","gloss":"no"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ、","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"家内","gloss":"my wife","reading":"かない"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"もらっ","gloss":"received"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"物","gloss":"thing","reading":"もの"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.gp1.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"自分","gloss":"self"},{"word":"へや","gloss":"room"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"でしょう。","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"とても","gloss":"very, indeed"},{"word":"いぬ","gloss":"dog"},{"word":"好き","gloss":"to like, be fond of (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"さあ、","gloss":"well, now, here, come"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"だれ","gloss":"who?"},{"word":"君","gloss":"suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"な。","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"僕","gloss":"I (see notes)"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"男","gloss":"male"},{"word":"だめ","gloss":"no good, useless,\nhopeless"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying something seldom happens · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"Snow that rarely falls","paragraphs":["*ここでは めったに 雪が 降りません* means \"It rarely snows here.\" The negative verb *降りません* completes the meaning of *めったに*."]},{"title":"Seldom with a negative verb","paragraphs":["*めったに* followed by a negative verb means \"seldom\" or \"rarely\". The verb may use a polite or plain form.","*いや、めったに 行かないよ* means \"No, I seldom go.\" Here the plain negative *行かない* supplies the negative ending."]}],"lines":[{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L081.gp2.01","source":"ここでは めったに 雪が 降りません。","translation":"It rarely snows here.","reading":"ここではめったにゆきがふりません。","words":[{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"めった","gloss":"rarely"},{"text":"に","gloss":"rarely"},{"text":"雪","gloss":"snow","reading":"ゆき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降り","gloss":"does not fall","reading":"ふり"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"does not fall"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"does not fall"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.gp2.01.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L081.gp2.02","source":"君は たびたび 日本映画を 見に 行くのかね。","translation":"Do you go to see a Japanese movie often?","reading":"きみはたびたびにほんえいがをみにいくのかね。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"たびたび","gloss":"often"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.gp2.02.m4a"},{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L081.gp2.03","source":"いや、めったに 行かないよ。","translation":"No, I seldom go.","reading":"いや、めったにいかないよ。","words":[{"text":"いや、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"めった","gloss":"rarely"},{"text":"に","gloss":"rarely"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.gp2.03.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L081.gp2.04","source":"ジョンズさんは 書くのも 話すのも 上手だね。","translation":"Mr. Jones is good in both writing and speaking, isn't he?","reading":"ジョンズさんはかくのもはなすのもじょうずだね。","words":[{"text":"ジョンズ","gloss":"Jones"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"書く","gloss":"writing","reading":"かく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"話す","gloss":"speaking","reading":"はなす"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"上手","gloss":"skilled","reading":"じょうず"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.gp2.04.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L081.gp2.05","source":"うん、あんな いい生徒は めったに 居ないね。","translation":"Yes, you rarely find a good student like him.","reading":"うん、あんないいせいとはめったにいないね。","words":[{"text":"うん、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"あんな","gloss":"like that"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"めった","gloss":"rarely"},{"text":"に","gloss":"rarely"},{"text":"居","gloss":"exists","reading":"い"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.gp2.05.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L081.gp2.06","source":"ミラーさんから たびたび 手紙を もらいますか。","translation":"Do you receive letters from Mr. Miller often?","reading":"ミラーさんからたびたびてがみをもらいますか。","words":[{"text":"ミラー","gloss":"Miller"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"たびたび","gloss":"often"},{"text":"手紙","gloss":"letters","reading":"てがみ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もらい","gloss":"receive"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.gp2.06.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L081.gp2.07","source":"いいえ、めったに もらいません。","translation":"No, I seldom receive them.","reading":"いいえ、めったにもらいません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"めった","gloss":"rarely"},{"text":"に","gloss":"rarely"},{"text":"もらい","gloss":"receive"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.gp2.07.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L081.gp2.08","source":"毎週 金曜日に 魚を 食べるのですか。","translation":"Do you eat fish every Friday?","reading":"まいしゅうきんようびにさかなをたべるのですか。","words":[{"text":"毎週","gloss":"every week"},{"text":"金曜","gloss":"Friday"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Friday"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"魚","gloss":"fish","reading":"さかな"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"explanation"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.gp2.08.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L081.gp2.09","source":"いいえ、魚は めったに 食べません。二週間に 一度ぐらいです。","translation":"No, I seldom eat fish. I eat it about once in two weeks.","reading":"いいえ、さかなはめったにたべません。にしゅうかんにいちどぐらいです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"魚","gloss":"fish","reading":"さかな"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"めった","gloss":"rarely"},{"text":"に","gloss":"rarely"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"二","gloss":"two","reading":"に"},{"text":"週間","gloss":"weeks","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"度","gloss":"time","reading":"ど"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.gp2.09.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L081.gp2.10","source":"奥さんは このごろ よく かぜを 引きますね。","translation":"Your wife catches cold often these days, doesn't she?","reading":"おくさんはこのごろよくかぜをひきますね。","words":[{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"このごろ","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"often"},{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"引き","gloss":"catch","reading":"ひき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.gp2.10.m4a"},{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L081.gp2.11","source":"ええ、前には めったに かぜを 引かなかったんだが、このごろ よく 引く様に なりました。","translation":"Yes, she seldom caught cold before, but she catches cold often these days.","reading":"ええ、まえにはめったにかぜをひかなかったんだが、このごろよくひくようになりました。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"前","gloss":"before","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"めった","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"に","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"かぜ","gloss":"cold"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"引か","gloss":"catch","reading":"ひか"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"did not"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"このごろ","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"often"},{"text":"引く","gloss":"catch","reading":"ひく"},{"text":"様","gloss":"way","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"became"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.gp2.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"word":"雪","gloss":"snow"},{"word":"たびたび","gloss":"often, frequently"},{"word":"映画","gloss":"movie"},{"word":"いや、","gloss":"no"},{"word":"上手","gloss":"skillful, fluent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"うん、","gloss":"Yes, all right."},{"word":"手紙","gloss":"letter (correspondence)"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"},{"word":"かぜ","gloss":"wind"},{"word":"前","gloss":"before, front"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Describing people’s feelings · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Many feelings in one pattern","paragraphs":["*子供は この本を おもしろがって 読みます* means \"The child finds this book interesting and reads it.\"","The same pattern appears in *はずかしがらずに*, *きまり悪がります*, and *さむがります* for shyness, embarrassment, and feeling cold.","In *スミスさんは ナイフで 手を 切って、とても いたがっています*, the form describes Mr. Smith's pain."]}],"lines":[{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt1.m1","source":"あの男は ちっとも 金を ほしがらない。","translation":"That man does not want money at all.","reading":"あのおとこはちっともかねをほしがらない。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"男","gloss":"man","reading":"おとこ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ちっとも","gloss":"not at all"},{"text":"金","gloss":"money","reading":"かね"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"ほし","gloss":"want"},{"text":"がら","gloss":"want"},{"text":"ない。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt1.01","source":"子供は この本を おもしろがって 読みます。","translation":"The child finds this book interesting and reads it.","reading":"こどもはこのほんをおもしろがってよみます。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"本","gloss":"book","reading":"ほん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おもしろ","gloss":"find interesting"},{"text":"がっ","gloss":"find interesting"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"読み","gloss":"read","reading":"よみ"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt1.02","source":"はずかしがらずに、どんどん しつ問しなさい。","translation":"Do not be shy; go ahead and ask questions.","reading":"はずかしがらずに、どんどんしつもんしなさい。","words":[{"text":"はずかし","gloss":"be shy"},{"text":"がら","gloss":"be shy"},{"text":"ず","gloss":"not"},{"text":"に、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"どんどん","gloss":"go ahead"},{"text":"しつ問","gloss":"questions"},{"text":"し","gloss":"ask"},{"text":"なさい。","gloss":"please"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt1.03","source":"あの男は 女の前に 出ると、とても きまり悪がります。","translation":"That man gets very embarrassed when he is in front of women.","reading":"あのおとこはおんなのまえにでると、とてもきまりわるがります。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"男","gloss":"man","reading":"おとこ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"女","gloss":"women","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"前","gloss":"front","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"出る","gloss":"appears","reading":"でる"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"きまり悪","gloss":"feel embarrassed"},{"text":"がり","gloss":"feel embarrassed"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt1.04","source":"女の人は 大抵 さむがります。","translation":"Women usually feel cold.","reading":"おんなのひとはたいていさむがります。","words":[{"text":"女","gloss":"women","reading":"おんな"},{"text":"の","gloss":"women"},{"text":"人","gloss":"women","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"さむ","gloss":"feel cold"},{"text":"がり","gloss":"feel cold"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt1.05","source":"スミスさんは ナイフで 手を 切って、とても いたがっています。","translation":"Mr. Smith cut his hand with a knife, and it hurts very much.","reading":"スミスさんはナイフでてをきって、とてもいたがっています。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ナイフ","gloss":"knife"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"手","gloss":"hand","reading":"て"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"切っ","gloss":"cut","reading":"きっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"いた","gloss":"hurts"},{"text":"がっ","gloss":"hurts"},{"text":"て","gloss":"hurts"},{"text":"い","gloss":"hurts"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"hurts"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt1.06","source":"田中さんは 子供を かわいがりすぎます。","translation":"Mr. Tanaka spoils his child too much.","reading":"たなかさんはこどもをかわいがりすぎます。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かわい","gloss":"dote on"},{"text":"がり","gloss":"dote on"},{"text":"すぎ","gloss":"too much"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt1.07","source":"子供は 新しい自動車を 買ってもらって、とても うれしがっています。","translation":"The child is very happy because someone bought him a new car.","reading":"こどもはあたらしいじどうしゃをかってもらって、とてもうれしがっています。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new"},{"text":"自動","gloss":"car"},{"text":"車","gloss":"car"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"bought","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"bought"},{"text":"もらっ","gloss":"received favor"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"received favor"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"うれし","gloss":"is happy"},{"text":"がっ","gloss":"is happy"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is happy"},{"text":"い","gloss":"is happy"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"is happy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt1.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ちっとも","gloss":"not even a little (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"本","gloss":"numerical counter for counting long slender objects (See Notes)"},{"word":"に、","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"どんどん","gloss":"rapidly"},{"word":"女","gloss":"female"},{"word":"出る","gloss":"come out to the phone, go out, come out (vi)"},{"word":"ナイフ","gloss":"knife"},{"word":"すぎ","gloss":"past, after"},{"word":"車","gloss":"vehicle, car"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Explaining embarrassment and affection · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Feelings shown in context","paragraphs":["*田村先生は じゅ業時間中に しつ問すると、とても うるさがられます* says Mr. Tamura finds questions during class very annoying.","*きまり悪がっていたね* describes Mrs. Tamura as embarrassed after receiving too much praise. Her red face supports that description.","*あんまり ほしがるので、とうとう 買ってやりましたよ* means \"He wanted it so badly that I finally bought it for him.\"","Other lines use *かわいがる* for affection and *うれしがっている* for happiness."]}],"lines":[{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt1.08","source":"田村先生は じゅ業時間中に しつ問すると、とても うるさがられます。","translation":"When someone asks Mr. Tamura questions during class, he finds it very annoying.","reading":"たむらせんせいはじゅぎょうじかんちゅうにしつもんすると、とてもうるさがられます。","words":[{"text":"田村","gloss":"Tamura","reading":"たむら"},{"text":"先生","gloss":"teacher","reading":"せんせい"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"じゅ業","gloss":"class"},{"text":"時間","gloss":"time"},{"text":"中","gloss":"during"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"しつ問","gloss":"questions"},{"text":"する","gloss":"ask"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"うるさ","gloss":"finds annoying"},{"text":"がら","gloss":"finds annoying"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"finds annoying"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"finds annoying"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt1.09","source":"田村さんの 奥さんは 私たちが あんまり ほめたので、きまり悪がっていたね。","translation":"Mrs. Tamura was embarrassed because we praised her so much, wasn’t she?","reading":"たむらさんのおくさんはわたくしたちがあんまりほめたので、きまりわるがっていたね。","words":[{"text":"田村","gloss":"Tamura","reading":"たむら"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mrs."},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"私","gloss":"we","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"たち","gloss":"we"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あんまり","gloss":"so much"},{"text":"ほめ","gloss":"praised"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"きまり悪","gloss":"was embarrassed"},{"text":"がっ","gloss":"was embarrassed"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was embarrassed"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was embarrassed"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt1.10","source":"そうらしかったね。赤い かおを していたよ。","translation":"She seemed to be, didn’t she? Her face was red.","reading":"そうらしかったね。あかいかおをしていたよ。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"らしかっ","gloss":"seemed"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"赤い","gloss":"red","reading":"あかい"},{"text":"かお","gloss":"face"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt1.11","source":"お宅のお子さんは 新しいテレビを 買ってもらったそうですね。","translation":"I hear your child had someone buy him a new television.","reading":"おたくのおこさんはあたらしいテレビをかってもらったそうですね。","words":[{"text":"お","gloss":"your home"},{"text":"宅","gloss":"your home","reading":"たく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"お","gloss":"child"},{"text":"子","gloss":"child","reading":"こ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"child"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"テレビ","gloss":"television"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"bought","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"bought"},{"text":"もらっ","gloss":"received favor"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt1.12","source":"ええ、あんまり ほしがるので、とうとう 買ってやりましたよ。","translation":"Yes, he wanted one so badly that I finally bought it for him.","reading":"ええ、あんまりほしがるので、とうとうかってやりましたよ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"あんまり","gloss":"so badly"},{"text":"ほし","gloss":"want"},{"text":"がる","gloss":"want"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"とうとう","gloss":"finally"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"bought","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"bought"},{"text":"やり","gloss":"for him"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"for him"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt1.13","source":"大木さんは とても 奥さんを かわいがるね。","translation":"Mr. Oki is very affectionate toward his wife, isn’t he?","reading":"おおきさんはとてもおくさんをかわいがるね。","words":[{"text":"大木","gloss":"Oki","reading":"おおき"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かわい","gloss":"is affectionate"},{"text":"がる","gloss":"is affectionate"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt1.14","source":"けっこんしたばかりだからね。","translation":"That is because they have only just gotten married.","reading":"けっこんしたばかりだからね。","words":[{"text":"けっこん","gloss":"marry"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ばかり","gloss":"just"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt1.15","source":"ミラーさんは 日本へ 行ける様に なって、とても うれしがっているね。","translation":"Mr. Miller is very happy that he is now able to go to Japan, isn’t he?","reading":"ミラーさんはにほんへいけるようになって、とてもうれしがっているね。","words":[{"text":"ミラー","gloss":"Miller"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行ける","gloss":"can go","reading":"いける"},{"text":"様","gloss":"so that","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"became"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"うれし","gloss":"is happy"},{"text":"がっ","gloss":"is happy"},{"text":"て","gloss":"is happy"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is happy"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt1.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"時間","gloss":"hour, time"},{"word":"かお","gloss":"face"},{"word":"テレビ","gloss":"television"},{"word":"とうとう","gloss":"at last, finally"},{"word":"ばかり","gloss":"about"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Recognizing emotional adjectives · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"The adjective behind the feeling","paragraphs":["*あの米国人の方は 日本映画を おもしろがって 見ています* describes an American watching a Japanese film with interest.","Its base is *おもしろい*, \"interesting.\" The same pattern can use *はずかしい*, *うるさい*, *うれしい*, and *かわいい*.","These I-adjectives express feelings or emotions and provide the base for the related forms."]}],"lines":[{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt1.16","source":"ええ、始めは 行けないと 思っていたそうだが、行ける様に なったので、とても 喜こんでいるよ。","translation":"Yes, I hear that at first he thought he could not go, but now that he can, he is very pleased.","reading":"ええ、はじめはいけないとおもっていたそうだが、いけるようになったので、とてもよろこんでいるよ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"始め","gloss":"at first","reading":"はじめ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"行け","gloss":"go","reading":"いけ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"cannot"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"was thinking","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was thinking"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was thinking"},{"text":"た","gloss":"was thinking"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"I hear"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"行ける","gloss":"can go","reading":"いける"},{"text":"様","gloss":"so that","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"because"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"喜こん","gloss":"is pleased","reading":"よろこん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is pleased"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"is pleased"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt1.17","source":"あの米国人の方は 日本映画を おもしろがって 見ていますが、よくわかるのでしょうか。","translation":"That American is watching the Japanese movie with interest, but does he understand it well?","reading":"あのべいこくじんのかたはにほんえいがをおもしろがってみていますが、よくわかるのでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"米国","gloss":"American","reading":"べいこく"},{"text":"人","gloss":"American","reading":"じん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"方","gloss":"person","reading":"かた"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese movie"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"Japanese movie"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"おもしろ","gloss":"with interest"},{"text":"がっ","gloss":"with interest"},{"text":"て","gloss":"with interest"},{"text":"見","gloss":"watching"},{"text":"て","gloss":"watching"},{"text":"い","gloss":"watching"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"わかる","gloss":"understand"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt1.17.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt1.18","source":"ええ、あの人は 日本語が とても よくわかるんですよ。","translation":"Yes, he understands Japanese very well.","reading":"ええ、あのひとはにほんごがとてもよくわかるんですよ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"language","reading":"ご"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"とても","gloss":"very"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"well"},{"text":"わかる","gloss":"understands"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt1.19","source":"おもしろい","translation":"interesting","reading":"おもしろい","words":[{"text":"おもしろい","gloss":"interesting"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt1.20","source":"はずかしい","translation":"embarrassed","reading":"はずかしい","words":[{"text":"はずかしい","gloss":"embarrassed"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt1.20.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt1.21","source":"うるさい","translation":"annoying","reading":"うるさい","words":[{"text":"うるさい","gloss":"annoying"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt1.21.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt1.22","source":"うれしい","translation":"happy","reading":"うれしい","words":[{"text":"うれしい","gloss":"happy"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt1.22.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt1.23","source":"かわいい","translation":"cute","reading":"かわいい","words":[{"text":"かわいい","gloss":"cute"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt1.23.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"おもしろい","gloss":"interesting, to be fun"},{"word":"はずかしい","gloss":"embarrassing; feel awkard, feel ashamed."},{"word":"うるさい","gloss":"annoying, pesky"},{"word":"うれしい","gloss":"joyful, glad, happy"},{"word":"かわいい","gloss":"dear, lovely, charming"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Saying what rarely happens · Pattern 2 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Seldom in polite statements","paragraphs":["*私は うちでは めったに 日本語を 話しません* means \"I seldom speak Japanese at home.\"","The combination of *めったに* and polite negative *話しません* marks the activity as seldom done.","*田村さんの様な けんこうな人は めったに 居ません* says that people as healthy as Mr. Tamura are rare."]}],"lines":[{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt2.m1","source":"私は うちでは めったに 日本語を 話しません。","translation":"I seldom speak Japanese at home.","reading":"わたくしはうちではめったににほんごをはなしません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"うち","gloss":"home"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"めった","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"に","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"語","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"ご"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"話し","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなし"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt2.01","source":"田村さんの様な けんこうな人は めったに 居ません。","translation":"There are very few people as healthy as Mr. Tamura.","reading":"たむらさんのようなけんこうなひとはめったにいません。","words":[{"text":"田村","gloss":"Tamura","reading":"たむら"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"様","gloss":"like","reading":"よう"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"けんこう","gloss":"healthy"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"めった","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"に","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"居","gloss":"exist","reading":"い"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt2.02","source":"私は めったに テレビを 見ません。","translation":"I seldom watch television.","reading":"わたくしはめったにテレビをみません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"めった","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"に","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"テレビ","gloss":"television"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"watch","reading":"み"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt2.03","source":"スミスさんは めったに 昼飯を 食べません。","translation":"Mr. Smith seldom eats lunch.","reading":"スミスさんはめったにひるめしをたべません。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"めった","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"に","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"昼飯","gloss":"lunch","reading":"ひるめし"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt2.04","source":"私は スミスさんの 奥さんには めったに お目に かかりません。","translation":"I seldom see Mrs. Smith.","reading":"わたくしはスミスさんのおくさんにはめったにおめにかかりません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mrs."},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"めった","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"に","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"お","gloss":"see"},{"text":"目","gloss":"see","reading":"め"},{"text":"に","gloss":"see"},{"text":"かかり","gloss":"see"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt2.05","source":"山田さんは めったに 銀行に よ金しない様です。","translation":"It seems that Mr. Yamada seldom deposits money in the bank.","reading":"やまださんはめったにぎんこうによきんしないようです。","words":[{"text":"山田","gloss":"Yamada","reading":"やまだ"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"めった","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"に","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"銀行","gloss":"bank","reading":"ぎんこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"よ","gloss":"deposit"},{"text":"金","gloss":"deposit","reading":"きん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"様","gloss":"seems","reading":"よう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt2.05.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt2.06","source":"うちの子供は めったに お金を 使いません。","translation":"My child seldom spends money.","reading":"うちのこどもはめったにおかねをつかいません。","words":[{"text":"うち","gloss":"my"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"子供","gloss":"child","reading":"こども"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"めった","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"に","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"お","gloss":"money"},{"text":"金","gloss":"money","reading":"かね"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"使い","gloss":"spend","reading":"つかい"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt2.07","source":"私は 家内を めったに 外へつれて 出ません。","translation":"I seldom take my wife out.","reading":"わたくしはかないをめったにそとへつれてでません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"家内","gloss":"wife","reading":"かない"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"めった","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"に","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"外","gloss":"outside","reading":"そと"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"出","gloss":"go out","reading":"で"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt2.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"けんこう","gloss":"health"},{"word":"銀行","gloss":"bank"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Discussing rare occurrences · Pattern 2 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Rare events and seldom actions","paragraphs":["*めったに ありませんね* means \"Very rarely.\" It answers whether snow ever falls in Monterey.","With an event followed by *ありません*, *めったに* marks the event as rare. Once a year would be a lot.","In *日本料理は めったに 食べません*, another negative verb marks eating Japanese food as seldom done."]}],"lines":[{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt2.08","source":"私は 料理する事は めったに ありません。","translation":"I seldom cook.","reading":"わたくしはりょうりすることはめったにありません。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"料理","gloss":"cooking","reading":"りょうり"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"めった","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"に","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"happen"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt2.09","source":"モンテレーで 雪が 降る事が ありますか。","translation":"Does it ever snow in Monterey?","reading":"モンテレーでゆきがふることがありますか。","words":[{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"雪","gloss":"snow","reading":"ゆき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降る","gloss":"snow","reading":"ふる"},{"text":"事","gloss":"occasion","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt2.09.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt2.10","source":"めったに ありませんね。一年に一度 あれば 多い方です。","translation":"Very rarely. Once a year would be a lot.","reading":"めったにありませんね。いちねんにいちどあればおおいほうです。","words":[{"text":"めった","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"に","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"happen"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one year","reading":"いち"},{"text":"年","gloss":"one year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"一","gloss":"once","reading":"いち"},{"text":"度","gloss":"once","reading":"ど"},{"text":"あれ","gloss":"if there is"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"多い","gloss":"many","reading":"おおい"},{"text":"方","gloss":"case","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt2.11","source":"つゆに 雨が 降らない事が ありますか。","translation":"Does it ever fail to rain during the rainy season?","reading":"つゆにあめがふらないことがありますか。","words":[{"text":"つゆ","gloss":"rainy season"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"降ら","gloss":"fall","reading":"ふら"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"事","gloss":"occasion","reading":"こと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"happen"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt2.11.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt2.12","source":"そんな事は めったに ありませんね。","translation":"That rarely happens.","reading":"そんなことはめったにありませんね。","words":[{"text":"そんな","gloss":"that kind"},{"text":"事","gloss":"thing","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"めった","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"に","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"happen"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt2.12.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt2.13","source":"あなたは いつも 日本料理を 食べるのですか。","translation":"Do you always eat Japanese food?","reading":"あなたはいつもにほんりょうりをたべるのですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese food","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"料理","gloss":"Japanese food","reading":"りょうり"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt2.13.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt2.14","source":"いいえ、日本料理は めったに 食べません。家では 大抵 西洋料理です。","translation":"No, I seldom eat Japanese food. At home we usually have Western food.","reading":"いいえ、にほんりょうりはめったにたべません。いえではたいていせいようりょうりです。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese food","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"料理","gloss":"Japanese food","reading":"りょうり"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"めった","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"に","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大抵","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"西洋","gloss":"Western food","reading":"せいよう"},{"text":"料理","gloss":"Western food","reading":"りょうり"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt2.14.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt2.15","source":"あなたは いつも 学校に おべんとうを 持って 来るのですか。","translation":"Do you always bring a boxed lunch to school?","reading":"あなたはいつもがっこうにおべんとうをもってくるのですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"お","gloss":"boxed lunch"},{"text":"べんとう","gloss":"boxed lunch"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"bring","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"bring"},{"text":"来る","gloss":"bring","reading":"くる"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt2.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"word":"降る","gloss":"to fall (rain) (v.i.)"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"つゆ","gloss":"rainy season (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"いつ","gloss":"when?"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"西洋","gloss":"occident, the West"},{"word":"べんとう","gloss":"box lunch"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Asking about habitual activities · Pattern 2 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"From frequency to a seldom answer","paragraphs":["*あなたは いつも ゴルフを なさるのですか* asks whether someone always plays golf.","The answer *ゴルフは めったに しません* means \"I seldom play golf.\" About once a month explains that frequency.","The same answer pattern fits questions about films, food, doctors, fish, and television."]}],"lines":[{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt2.16","source":"いいえ、おべんとうは めったに 持って来ません。","translation":"No, I seldom bring a boxed lunch.","reading":"いいえ、おべんとうはめったにもってきません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"お","gloss":"boxed lunch"},{"text":"べんとう","gloss":"boxed lunch"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"めった","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"に","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"bring","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"bring"},{"text":"来","gloss":"bring","reading":"き"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt2.16.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt2.17","source":"あなたは いつも ゴルフを なさるのですか。","translation":"Do you always play golf?","reading":"あなたはいつもゴルフをなさるのですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"なさる","gloss":"play"},{"text":"の","gloss":"the fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt2.17.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt2.18","source":"いいえ、ゴルフは めったに しません。まあ、一か月に 一度ぐらいですね。","translation":"No, I seldom play golf. About once a month, I suppose.","reading":"いいえ、ゴルフはめったにしません。まあ、いっかげつにいちどぐらいですね。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"めった","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"に","gloss":"seldom"},{"text":"し","gloss":"play"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not, polite"},{"text":"まあ、","gloss":"well"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one month","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"か月","gloss":"one month","reading":"かげつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"per"},{"text":"一","gloss":"once","reading":"いち"},{"text":"度","gloss":"once","reading":"ど"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt2.18.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt2.19","source":"あなたは たびたび 日本映画を 見に 行きますか。","translation":"Do you often go to see Japanese movies?","reading":"あなたはたびたびにほんえいがをみにいきますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"たびたび","gloss":"often"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese movie","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"映画","gloss":"Japanese movie","reading":"えいが"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt2.19.m4a"},{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt2.20","source":"あなたは いつも 日本料理を 食べますか。","translation":"Do you always eat Japanese food?","reading":"あなたはいつもにほんりょうりをたべますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese food","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"料理","gloss":"Japanese food","reading":"りょうり"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt2.20.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt2.21","source":"あなたは たびたび 医者に かかりますか。","translation":"Do you often see a doctor?","reading":"あなたはたびたびいしゃにかかりますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"たびたび","gloss":"often"},{"text":"医者","gloss":"doctor","reading":"いしゃ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"かかり","gloss":"see"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt2.21.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt2.22","source":"あなたは 毎日 魚を 食べますか。","translation":"Do you eat fish every day?","reading":"あなたはまいにちさかなをたべますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"毎日","gloss":"every day","reading":"まいにち"},{"text":"魚","gloss":"fish","reading":"さかな"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt2.22.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L081.pt2.23","source":"あなたは いつも テレビを 見ますか。","translation":"Do you always watch television?","reading":"あなたはいつもテレビをみますか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"テレビ","gloss":"television"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"watch","reading":"み"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.pt2.23.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"word":"なさる","gloss":"to do (honorific verb) (See Notes)"},{"word":"まあ、","gloss":"Well! Oh, my!"},{"word":"医者","gloss":"medical doctor"},{"word":"毎日","gloss":"Mainichi Newspaper Co."}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Comparing two cloisonné styles · Reading Selection 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Two kinds of cloisonne","paragraphs":["The passage follows a shopper buying *七宝焼* as a gift and learning that wired and wireless kinds exist.","*有線七宝* uses gold or silver wire for its designs. *無線七宝* has painted-looking designs and costs much less.","*七宝焼は おもに 名古屋で 出来ます* says cloisonne is made mainly in Nagoya. Kyoto produces a smaller amount."]}],"lines":[{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L081.rd.001","source":"私は ある日 贈り物にする ために 七宝焼を 買いに 行きました。","translation":"One day I went to buy some cloisonne to give as a gift.","reading":"わたくしはあるひおくりものにするためにしっぽうやきをかいにいきました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"one"},{"text":"日","gloss":"day","reading":"ひ"},{"text":"贈り物","gloss":"gift","reading":"おくりもの"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as"},{"text":"する","gloss":"make"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"purpose"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"七宝","gloss":"cloisonne ware","reading":"しっぽう"},{"text":"焼","gloss":"cloisonne ware","reading":"やき"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L081.rd.002","source":"店員は 私に 七宝焼には 有線七宝と 無線七宝が あるという事を 教えてくれました。","translation":"The clerk told me that there are wired and wireless kinds of cloisonne.","reading":"てんいんはわたくしにしっぽうやきにはゆうせんしっぽうとむせんしっぽうがあるということをおしえてくれました。","words":[{"text":"店員","gloss":"clerk","reading":"てんいん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"私","gloss":"me","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"七宝","gloss":"cloisonne ware","reading":"しっぽう"},{"text":"焼","gloss":"cloisonne ware","reading":"やき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"有線","gloss":"wired cloisonne","reading":"ゆうせん"},{"text":"七宝","gloss":"wired cloisonne","reading":"しっぽう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"無線","gloss":"wireless cloisonne","reading":"むせん"},{"text":"七宝","gloss":"wireless cloisonne","reading":"しっぽう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"say"},{"text":"事","gloss":"fact","reading":"こと"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"教え","gloss":"tell","reading":"おしえ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L081.rd.003","source":"有線七宝と 言うのは 金や 銀の はり金でもようが 入れてあるもので、無線七宝だと 絵を かいた様な もようです。","translation":"Wired cloisonne has designs made with gold or silver wire, while wireless cloisonne has designs that look like painted pictures.","reading":"ゆうせんしっぽうというのはきんやぎんのはりがねでもようがいれてあるもので、むせんしっぽうだとえをかいたようなもようです。","words":[{"text":"有線","gloss":"wired cloisonne","reading":"ゆうせん"},{"text":"七宝","gloss":"wired cloisonne","reading":"しっぽう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言う","gloss":"called","reading":"いう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"金","gloss":"gold","reading":"きん"},{"text":"や","gloss":"or"},{"text":"銀","gloss":"silver","reading":"ぎん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"はり金","gloss":"wire"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"もよう","gloss":"design"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"入れ","gloss":"inserted","reading":"いれ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"has been"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"kind"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"while"},{"text":"無線","gloss":"wireless cloisonne","reading":"むせん"},{"text":"七宝","gloss":"wireless cloisonne","reading":"しっぽう"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"と","gloss":"when"},{"text":"絵","gloss":"picture","reading":"え"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かい","gloss":"painted"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"様","gloss":"like","reading":"よう"},{"text":"な","gloss":"like"},{"text":"もよう","gloss":"design"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L081.rd.004","source":"もちろん ねだんは 有線の方が ずっと高く、三万円ぐらいで、無線のなら、六千円ぐらいで 買えるそうです。","translation":"Of course, the wired kind is much more expensive, costing about thirty thousand yen, while the wireless kind can be bought for about six thousand yen.","reading":"もちろんねだんはゆうせんのほうがずっとたかく、さんまんえんぐらいで、むせんのなら、ろくせんえんぐらいでかえるそうです。","words":[{"text":"もちろん","gloss":"of course"},{"text":"ねだん","gloss":"price"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"有線","gloss":"wired","reading":"ゆうせん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"方","gloss":"kind","reading":"ほう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ずっと","gloss":"much"},{"text":"高く、","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかく"},{"text":"三","gloss":"30,000 yen","reading":"さん"},{"text":"万","gloss":"30,000 yen","reading":"まん"},{"text":"円","gloss":"30,000 yen","reading":"えん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"costing"},{"text":"無線","gloss":"wireless","reading":"むせん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"なら、","gloss":"if it is"},{"text":"六千","gloss":"6,000","reading":"ろくせん"},{"text":"円","gloss":"yen","reading":"えん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"で","gloss":"for"},{"text":"買える","gloss":"can be bought","reading":"かえる"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"apparently"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L081.rd.005","source":"七宝焼は おもに 名古屋で 出来ますが、京都でも 少し こしらえています。","translation":"Cloisonne is made mainly in Nagoya, but a little is also made in Kyoto.","reading":"しっぽうやきはおもになごやでできますが、きょうとでもすこしこしらえています。","words":[{"text":"七宝","gloss":"cloisonne ware","reading":"しっぽう"},{"text":"焼","gloss":"cloisonne ware","reading":"やき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おもに","gloss":"mainly"},{"text":"名古屋","gloss":"Nagoya","reading":"なごや"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"made","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"京都","gloss":"Kyoto","reading":"きょうと"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"こしらえ","gloss":"make"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"い","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.rd.005.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"店員","gloss":"store clerk"},{"word":"言う","gloss":"to say"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"},{"word":"もちろん","gloss":"of course, to be sure"},{"word":"ねだん","gloss":"price"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"なら、","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"おもに","gloss":"mainly, chiefly"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Buying gifts for delivery · Reading Selection 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Three purchases sent home","paragraphs":["The narrator buys one wired cloisonne piece, one wireless piece, and an Imari platter.","*家内が いつも ほしがっていたので* gives his wife's longstanding desire as the reason for buying the platter.","The large purchase brings a special discount. The clerk agrees to wrap the items separately and deliver them the next morning."]}],"lines":[{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L081.rd.006","source":"私は 有線七宝を 一つ、無線七宝を 一つ 買う事にしました。","translation":"I decided to buy one piece of wired cloisonne and one piece of wireless cloisonne.","reading":"わたくしはゆうせんしっぽうをひとつ、むせんしっぽうをひとつかうことにしました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"有線","gloss":"wired cloisonne","reading":"ゆうせん"},{"text":"七宝","gloss":"wired cloisonne","reading":"しっぽう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ、","gloss":"item"},{"text":"無線","gloss":"wireless cloisonne","reading":"むせん"},{"text":"七宝","gloss":"wireless cloisonne","reading":"しっぽう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"item"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.rd.006.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L081.rd.007","source":"それから、家内が いつも ほしがっていたので、伊万里焼の 大ざらを 一つ 買う事にしました。","translation":"Then, since my wife had always wanted one, I decided to buy a large Imari ware platter.","reading":"それから、かないがいつもほしがっていたので、いまりやきのおおざらをひとつかうことにしました。","words":[{"text":"それ","gloss":"then"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"then"},{"text":"家内","gloss":"my wife","reading":"かない"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いつ","gloss":"always"},{"text":"も","gloss":"always"},{"text":"ほし","gloss":"wanted"},{"text":"がっ","gloss":"wanted"},{"text":"て","gloss":"wanted"},{"text":"い","gloss":"wanted"},{"text":"た","gloss":"wanted"},{"text":"の","gloss":"reason"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"伊万里","gloss":"Imari ware","reading":"いまり"},{"text":"焼","gloss":"Imari ware","reading":"やき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"大","gloss":"large platter","reading":"おお"},{"text":"ざら","gloss":"large platter"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"item"},{"text":"買う","gloss":"buy","reading":"かう"},{"text":"事","gloss":"act","reading":"こと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L081.rd.008","source":"沢山 買ったので、店員は 特別に 勉強してくれました。","translation":"Since I bought so much, the clerk gave me a special discount.","reading":"たくさんかったので、てんいんはとくべつにべんきょうしてくれました。","words":[{"text":"沢山","gloss":"a lot","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"bought","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"reason"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"店員","gloss":"clerk","reading":"てんいん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"特別","gloss":"special","reading":"とくべつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"specially"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"discount","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L081.rd.009","source":"私は それを 別々に 包んで 私の宅に 届けてくれる様に 店員に 頼みました。","translation":"I asked the clerk to wrap them separately and deliver them to my home.","reading":"わたくしはそれをべつべつにつつんでわたくしのたくにとどけてくれるようにてんいんにたのみました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"them"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"別々","gloss":"separate","reading":"べつべつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"separately"},{"text":"包ん","gloss":"wrap","reading":"つつん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"and"},{"text":"私","gloss":"my","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"宅","gloss":"home","reading":"たく"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"届け","gloss":"deliver","reading":"とどけ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"くれる","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"様","gloss":"so that","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"店員","gloss":"clerk","reading":"てんいん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"頼み","gloss":"asked","reading":"たのみ"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L081.rd.010","source":"店員は 明日の 午前中には 必ず 届けてくれると 言いました。","translation":"The clerk said he would be sure to deliver them tomorrow morning.","reading":"てんいんはあしたのごぜんちゅうにはかならずとどけてくれるといいました。","words":[{"text":"店員","gloss":"clerk","reading":"てんいん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"明日","gloss":"tomorrow","reading":"あした"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"午前","gloss":"morning","reading":"ごぜん"},{"text":"中","gloss":"morning","reading":"ちゅう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"必ず","gloss":"certainly","reading":"かならず"},{"text":"届け","gloss":"deliver","reading":"とどけ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"くれる","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"said","reading":"いい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.rd.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"買う","gloss":"to buy"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Cloisonné types and origins · Questions 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"How cloisonne differs","paragraphs":["The questions ask why cloisonne was bought, how wired and wireless kinds differ, and which costs more.","*有線七宝というものは どんなものですか* means \"What is wired cloisonne like?\" An answer describes its gold or silver wire design.","Other answers identify Nagoya as the main production center and Kyoto as another."]}],"lines":[{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L081.q.001","source":"私は 何にするために 七宝焼を 買いに行きましたか。","translation":"What did I go to buy the cloisonne for?","reading":"わたくしはなんにするためにしっぽうやきをかいにいきましたか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"as"},{"text":"する","gloss":"use"},{"text":"ため","gloss":"purpose"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"七宝","gloss":"cloisonne ware","reading":"しっぽう"},{"text":"焼","gloss":"cloisonne ware","reading":"やき"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.q.001.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L081.q.002","source":"七宝焼には どんなのが ありますか。","translation":"What kinds of cloisonne are there?","reading":"しっぽうやきにはどんなのがありますか。","words":[{"text":"七宝","gloss":"cloisonne ware","reading":"しっぽう"},{"text":"焼","gloss":"cloisonne ware","reading":"やき"},{"text":"に","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.q.002.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L081.q.003","source":"有線七宝というものは どんなものですか。","translation":"What is wired cloisonne like?","reading":"ゆうせんしっぽうというものはどんなものですか。","words":[{"text":"有線","gloss":"wired cloisonne","reading":"ゆうせん"},{"text":"七宝","gloss":"wired cloisonne","reading":"しっぽう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.q.003.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L081.q.004","source":"有線七宝と 無線七宝では どっちが 高いですか。","translation":"Which is more expensive, wired cloisonne or wireless cloisonne?","reading":"ゆうせんしっぽうとむせんしっぽうではどっちがたかいですか。","words":[{"text":"有線","gloss":"wired cloisonne","reading":"ゆうせん"},{"text":"七宝","gloss":"wired cloisonne","reading":"しっぽう"},{"text":"と","gloss":"and"},{"text":"無線","gloss":"wireless cloisonne","reading":"むせん"},{"text":"七宝","gloss":"wireless cloisonne","reading":"しっぽう"},{"text":"で","gloss":"among"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どっち","gloss":"which"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.q.004.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L081.q.005","source":"なぜ 有線七宝は 無線七宝より ねだんが 高いですか。","translation":"Why is wired cloisonne more expensive than wireless cloisonne?","reading":"なぜゆうせんしっぽうはむせんしっぽうよりねだんがたかいですか。","words":[{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"有線","gloss":"wired cloisonne","reading":"ゆうせん"},{"text":"七宝","gloss":"wired cloisonne","reading":"しっぽう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"無線","gloss":"wireless cloisonne","reading":"むせん"},{"text":"七宝","gloss":"wireless cloisonne","reading":"しっぽう"},{"text":"より","gloss":"than"},{"text":"ねだん","gloss":"price"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"high","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.q.005.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L081.q.006","source":"七宝焼は おもに どこで 出来ますか。","translation":"Where is cloisonne mainly made?","reading":"しっぽうやきはおもにどこでできますか。","words":[{"text":"七宝","gloss":"cloisonne ware","reading":"しっぽう"},{"text":"焼","gloss":"cloisonne ware","reading":"やき"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おもに","gloss":"mainly"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"made","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.q.006.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L081.q.007","source":"その外 どこで 出来ますか。","translation":"Where else is it made?","reading":"そのほかどこでできますか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"else"},{"text":"外","gloss":"else","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"made","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.q.007.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"どっち","gloss":"which of two (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"なぜ","gloss":"why?"},{"word":"より","gloss":"than (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Purchases, discounts and delivery · Questions 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"What the shopper arranged","paragraphs":["The questions ask what the narrator bought, why he chose the Imari platter, and why the clerk gave a discount.","*なぜ 伊万里焼の 大ざらを 買いましたか* means \"Why did I buy a large Imari platter?\" An answer gives his wife's desire.","The remaining answers state how the purchases were wrapped, delivered, and promised for the next morning."]}],"lines":[{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L081.q.008","source":"私は 何を 買いましたか。","translation":"What did I buy?","reading":"わたくしはなにをかいましたか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.q.008.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L081.q.009","source":"なぜ 伊万里焼の 大ざらを 買いましたか。","translation":"Why did I buy a large Imari platter?","reading":"なぜいまりやきのおおざらをかいましたか。","words":[{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"伊万里","gloss":"Imari ware","reading":"いまり"},{"text":"焼","gloss":"Imari ware","reading":"やき"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"大","gloss":"large platter","reading":"おお"},{"text":"ざら","gloss":"large platter"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買い","gloss":"buy","reading":"かい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.q.009.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L081.q.010","source":"店員は 特別に 勉強してくれましたか。","translation":"Did the clerk give me a special discount?","reading":"てんいんはとくべつにべんきょうしてくれましたか。","words":[{"text":"店員","gloss":"clerk","reading":"てんいん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"特別","gloss":"special","reading":"とくべつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"specially"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"discount","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"for me"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.q.010.m4a"},{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L081.q.011","source":"なぜですか。","translation":"Why?","reading":"なぜですか。","words":[{"text":"なぜ","gloss":"why"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.q.011.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L081.q.012","source":"私は 店員に 何を 頼みましたか。","translation":"What did I ask the clerk to do?","reading":"わたくしはてんいんになにをたのみましたか。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"店員","gloss":"clerk","reading":"てんいん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"頼み","gloss":"asked","reading":"たのみ"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.q.012.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L081.q.013","source":"店員は 何と 言いましたか。","translation":"What did the clerk say?","reading":"てんいんはなんといいましたか。","words":[{"text":"店員","gloss":"clerk","reading":"てんいん"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言い","gloss":"say","reading":"いい"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.q.013.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Cloisonné, gifts and measurements · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"The gift and its design","paragraphs":["These words cover cloisonne gifts, their measurements, metals, designs, and the store clerk.","*七宝焼* is \"cloisonne ware\", *贈り物* is a \"present\", and *もよう* is a \"design\" or \"pattern\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.001","source":"七宝焼","translation":"cloisonne ware (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"しっぽうやき","words":[{"text":"七宝焼","gloss":"cloisonne ware","reading":"しっぽうやき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.001.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.002","source":"贈り物","translation":"present","reading":"おくりもの","words":[{"text":"贈り物","gloss":"present","reading":"おくりもの"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.002.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.003","source":"高さ","translation":"height","reading":"たかさ","words":[{"text":"高さ","gloss":"height","reading":"たかさ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.003.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.004","source":"センチ","translation":"centimeter","reading":"センチ","words":[{"text":"センチ","gloss":"centimeter"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.004.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.005","source":"金","translation":"gold","reading":"きん","words":[{"text":"金","gloss":"gold","reading":"きん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.005.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.006","source":"銀","translation":"silver","reading":"ぎん","words":[{"text":"銀","gloss":"silver","reading":"ぎん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.006.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.007","source":"もよう","translation":"design, pattern","reading":"もよう","words":[{"text":"もよう","gloss":"design"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.007.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.008","source":"御しょうちの様に","translation":"as you know","reading":"ごしょうちのように","words":[{"text":"御しょうちの様に","gloss":"as you know","reading":"ごしょうちのように"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.008.m4a"},{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.009","source":"店員","translation":"store clerk","reading":"てんいん","words":[{"text":"店員","gloss":"store clerk","reading":"てんいん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.009.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.010","source":"七宝","translation":"abbrev. of SHIPPOO-YAKI","reading":"しっぽう","words":[{"text":"七宝","gloss":"cloisonne","reading":"しっぽう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.010.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"七宝焼","gloss":"cloisonne ware (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"高さ","gloss":"height"},{"word":"御しょうちの様に","gloss":"as you know"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Wires, patterns and decoration · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Wire and decoration","paragraphs":["These words distinguish cloisonne styles and name their wire, decorative subjects, and appearance.","*有線* means \"with wire design\", while *無線* means \"without wire design\". *有線もよう* is a \"design inlaid with wires\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.011","source":"有線","translation":"with wire (design)","reading":"ゆうせん","words":[{"text":"有線","gloss":"with wire design","reading":"ゆうせん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.011.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.012","source":"無線","translation":"wireless; without wire (design)","reading":"むせん","words":[{"text":"無線","gloss":"without wire design","reading":"むせん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.012.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.013","source":"はり金","translation":"wire","reading":"はりがね","words":[{"text":"はり金","gloss":"wire","reading":"はりがね"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.013.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.014","source":"有線もよう","translation":"design inlaid with wires","reading":"ゆうせんもよう","words":[{"text":"有線もよう","gloss":"design inlaid with wires","reading":"ゆうせんもよう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.014.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.015","source":"ぼたん","translation":"peony","reading":"ぼたん","words":[{"text":"ぼたん","gloss":"peony"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.015.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.016","source":"ちょうちょう","translation":"butterfly","reading":"ちょうちょう","words":[{"text":"ちょうちょう","gloss":"butterfly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.016.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.017","source":"あざやか","translation":"brilliant,(capula noun)","reading":"あざやか","words":[{"text":"あざやか","gloss":"brilliant"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.017.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.018","source":"生きている","translation":"is alive","reading":"いきている","words":[{"text":"生きている","gloss":"is alive","reading":"いきている"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.018.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.019","source":"生きる","translation":"live (v.i.)","reading":"いきる","words":[{"text":"生きる","gloss":"live","reading":"いきる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.019.m4a"},{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.020","source":"ものすごい","translation":"ghast; dreary, terrible","reading":"ものすごい","words":[{"text":"ものすごい","gloss":"terrible"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.020.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"有線もよう","gloss":"design inlaid with wires"},{"word":"生きている","gloss":"is alive"},{"word":"生きる","gloss":"live (v.i.)"},{"word":"ものすごい","gloss":"ghast; dreary, terrible"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Discounts, platters and rarity · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Discounts and rare ware","paragraphs":["These words cover bargaining, separate handling, production in Nagoya, Imari platters, and rarity.","In this shop, *勉強する* can mean \"give a discount\". *伊万里焼* is \"Imari ware\", and *めったに* means \"seldom\" or \"rarely\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.021","source":"まからないか","translation":"can you give discount?","reading":"まからないか","words":[{"text":"まからないか","gloss":"can you discount"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.021.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.022","source":"まかる","translation":"come down in price; be able to reduce price","reading":"まかる","words":[{"text":"まかる","gloss":"come down in price"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.022.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.023","source":"やはり","translation":"as it should be expected","reading":"やはり","words":[{"text":"やはり","gloss":"as expected"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.023.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.024","source":"勉強する","translation":"give discount, study (v.t.)","reading":"べんきょうする","words":[{"text":"勉強する","gloss":"give a discount","reading":"べんきょうする"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.024.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.025","source":"とにかく","translation":"at any rate; any how","reading":"とにかく","words":[{"text":"とにかく","gloss":"at any rate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.025.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.026","source":"別々に","translation":"separately","reading":"べつべつに","words":[{"text":"別々に","gloss":"separately","reading":"べつべつに"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.026.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.027","source":"名古屋","translation":"P. N.","reading":"なごや","words":[{"text":"名古屋","gloss":"Nagoya","reading":"なごや"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.027.m4a"},{"number":154,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.028","source":"大ざら","translation":"platter","reading":"おおざら","words":[{"text":"大ざら","gloss":"platter","reading":"おおざら"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.028.m4a"},{"number":155,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.029","source":"伊万里焼","translation":"Imari ware (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"いまりやき","words":[{"text":"伊万里焼","gloss":"Imari ware","reading":"いまりやき"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.029.m4a"},{"number":156,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.030","source":"めったに","translation":"seldom, rarely (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"めったに","words":[{"text":"めったに","gloss":"rarely"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.030.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"まからないか","gloss":"can you give discount?"},{"word":"まかる","gloss":"come down in price; be able to reduce price"},{"word":"勉強する","gloss":"give discount, study (v.t.)"},{"word":"別々に","gloss":"separately"},{"word":"大ざら","gloss":"platter"},{"word":"伊万里焼","gloss":"Imari ware (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"めったに","gloss":"seldom, rarely (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Desires, delivery and addresses · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Desire and home delivery","paragraphs":["These words cover another person's desire, delivery, calling cards, morning time, and addresses.","*ほしがる* means \"wish for\" or \"long for\". *届けてくれないか* means \"Won't you deliver them?\"","*名し* is a \"calling card\" or \"business card\"."]}],"lines":[{"number":157,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.031","source":"ほしがる","translation":"wish for, long for, covet (v.i.)","reading":"ほしがる","words":[{"text":"ほしがる","gloss":"long for"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.031.m4a"},{"number":158,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.032","source":"---がる","translation":"a suffix showing persistent state, \"to feel---","reading":"---がる","words":[{"text":"---がる","gloss":"shows persistent feeling"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.032.m4a"},{"number":159,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.033","source":"それとなく","translation":"in a casual manner, round about way","reading":"それとなく","words":[{"text":"それとなく","gloss":"indirectly"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.033.m4a"},{"number":160,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.034","source":"届けてくれないか","translation":"Won't you deliver them","reading":"とどけてくれないか","words":[{"text":"届けてくれないか","gloss":"will you deliver","reading":"とどけてくれないか"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.034.m4a"},{"number":161,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.035","source":"届ける","translation":"deliver (v.t.)","reading":"とどける","words":[{"text":"届ける","gloss":"deliver","reading":"とどける"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.035.m4a"},{"number":162,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.036","source":"名し","translation":"calling card, business card (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"めいし","words":[{"text":"名し","gloss":"business card","reading":"めいし"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.036.m4a"},{"number":163,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.037","source":"午前中","translation":"during the morning","reading":"ごぜんちゅう","words":[{"text":"午前中","gloss":"during the morning","reading":"ごぜんちゅう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.037.m4a"},{"number":164,"id":"ja.dli.L081.w.038","source":"じゅう所","translation":"address","reading":"じゅうしょ","words":[{"text":"じゅう所","gloss":"address","reading":"じゅうしょ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L081.w.038.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":7,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\n1 Description of Life Situations (Make a dialogue).\n\nMr. Miller has just entered a department store.\n\na The clerk greets Mr. Miller\n\nb Mr. Miller asks if they have any Imari platters.\n\nc The clerk answers that they do.\n\nd Mr. Miller asks the clerk to show him a large Imari platter.\n\ne The clerk shows him one and says that it is a fine platter.\n\nf Mr. Miller asks the price.\n\ng The clerk answers that it is 6,000 yen.\n\nh Mr. Miller remarks that it is very expensive. He asks if they have any that are a little cheaper.\n\ni The clerk answers that they have, but they are smaller. It costs 4,000 yen.\n\nj Mr. Miller asks the clerk if he can make it cheaper.\n\nk The clerk says he'll make a special discount and make it 3,500 yen.\n\nl Mr. Miller decides to buy it.\n\nm The clerk thanks Mr. Miller and asks if he wants anything else.\n\nn Mr. Miller says that that's all he wants, and gives the clerk 5,000 yen.\n\no The clerk asks him to wait a moment. When he returns he apologizes for having kept Mr. Miller waiting and gives him 1,500 yen change. He thanks Mr. Miller and invites him to come again.\n\np Mr. Miller says goodbye.\n\n2 Visual Cues\n\nLook at the pictures on Page 79 to 83 and describe them."},{"section":8,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.\n\n2 Study Grammar Perception Drill.\n\n3 Study Pattern Practice and do the exercise following each pattern.\n\n4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.\n\n5 Read the Explanatory Notes.\n\n6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercise given."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ほしがる","gloss":"wish for, long for, covet (v.i.)"},{"word":"---がる","gloss":"a suffix showing persistent state, \"to feel---\""},{"word":"それとなく","gloss":"in a casual manner, round about way"},{"word":"届けてくれないか","gloss":"Won't you deliver them"},{"word":"届ける","gloss":"deliver (v.t.)"},{"word":"名し","gloss":"calling card, business card (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"午前中","gloss":"during the morning"},{"word":"じゅう所","gloss":"address"}],"paradigms":[]}]}