{"course":{"lang":"ja","language":"Japanese","title":"Japanese Basic Course","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja","source":"Defense Language Institute, Japanese Basic Course, 1967 to 1971. Public domain. The teaching pages and the narration are ours."},"unit":{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L082","title":"Lesson 82","stage":"Reading Japan","situation":null,"outcome":"Lesson 82: choosing a birthday present · dialogue 1 of 4, comparing pearl gift options · dialogue 2 of 4, declining lacquerware quality · dialogue 3 of 4, judging valuable lacquerware · dialogue 4 of 4, stating limits of knowledge · perception drill, making and answering suggestions · perception drill, reporting known information · pattern 1 1 of 3, citing memory and observation · pattern 1 2 of 3, citing hearsay and appearances · pattern 1 3 of 3, making everyday suggestions · pattern 2 1 of 3, suggesting healthier habits · pattern 2 2 of 3, suggesting actions from prompts · pattern 2 3 of 3, pearl production and uses · reading selection 1 of 2, lacquerware quality and origins · reading selection 2 of 2, pearls and lacquerware in japan · questions, pearls, jewellery, lacquer, production.","url":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/80","lines":153},"previous":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/79","next":"https://1732studios.com/courses/ja/81","audioBase":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/","sections":[{"title":"Choosing a birthday present · Dialogue 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"A present for a birthday","paragraphs":["A man wants to buy his wife a present for her birthday. Pearls and lacquerware are possible choices.","His friend says, *店に 行って 見たら どうだ*. It means \"Why don't you go to the store and take a look?\""]},{"title":"A mild suggestion","paragraphs":["In *店に 行って 見たら どうだ*, *見たら どうだ* presents going to the store and looking as a mild suggestion.","The man accepts the idea and says, *行って見よう*, \"I'll go and see.\""]},{"title":"Kanji: 真, 珠, 誕, 家","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":1,"id":"ja.dli.L082.dlg.001","source":"明後日は 家内の 誕生日なんだ。それで、何か プレゼントを 買って やりたいんだが、何がいいだろう。","translation":"It’s my wife’s birthday the day after tomorrow and I want to buy a present for her. What do you suppose is good?","reading":"あさってはかないのたんじょうびなんだ。それで、なにかプレゼントをかってやりたいんだが、なにがいいだろう。","words":[{"text":"明後日","gloss":"day after tomorrow"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"家内","gloss":"wife","reading":"かない"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"誕生","gloss":"birthday","reading":"たんじょう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"birthday","reading":"び"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"is"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"so"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"so"},{"text":"何","gloss":"something","reading":"なに"},{"text":"か","gloss":"something"},{"text":"プレゼント","gloss":"present"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"buy"},{"text":"やり","gloss":"for her"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"want to"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"is"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.dlg.001.m4a"},{"number":2,"id":"ja.dli.L082.dlg.002","source":"そうだね。真珠は どうだ。","translation":"Well, let me see. How about pearls?","reading":"そうだね。しんじゅはどうだ。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"let me see"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"真珠","gloss":"pearls","reading":"しんじゅ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how about"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.dlg.002.m4a"},{"number":3,"id":"ja.dli.L082.dlg.003","source":"僕も そう考えたんだ。しかし、しっきも よさそうに 思えたり。","translation":"I thought about it too. But I also thought that some kind of lacquerware seems good too.","reading":"ぼくもそうかんがえたんだ。しかし、しっきもよさそうにおもえたり。","words":[{"text":"僕","gloss":"I","reading":"ぼく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"that way"},{"text":"考え","gloss":"think","reading":"かんがえ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"is"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"しっ","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"き","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"よさ","gloss":"seems good"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"seems good"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"思え","gloss":"also thought","reading":"おもえ"},{"text":"たり。","gloss":"also thought"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.dlg.003.m4a"},{"number":4,"id":"ja.dli.L082.dlg.004","source":"店に 行って 見たら どうだ。","translation":"Why don’t you go to the store and take a look?","reading":"みせにいってみたらどうだ。","words":[{"text":"店","gloss":"store","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go"},{"text":"見","gloss":"look","reading":"み"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"if you did"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how about"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.dlg.004.m4a"},{"number":5,"id":"ja.dli.L082.dlg.005","source":"そうだな。幸い 今日は 午後には ひまだし、行って見よう。君も 行かないか。","translation":"That’s true. Fortunately, I have nothing to do in the afternoon today,so I’ll go and see. Won’t, you come,too?","reading":"そうだな。さいわいきょうはごごにはひまだし、いってみよう。きみもいかないか。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that way"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"な。","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"幸い","gloss":"fortunately","reading":"さいわい"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"午後","gloss":"afternoon","reading":"ごご"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ひま","gloss":"free"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go"},{"text":"見よう。","gloss":"let's see","reading":"みよう"},{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"行か","gloss":"go","reading":"いか"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.dlg.005.m4a"},{"number":6,"id":"ja.dli.L082.dlg.006","source":"行こうか。僕も 今日は 朝から ひまでは あるし、少し たいくつして いた ところ なんだ。","translation":"Shall I go? I ’ad nothing to do all morning today and I was a little bored.","reading":"いこうか。ぼくもきょうはあさからひまではあるし、すこしたいくつしていたところなんだ。","words":[{"text":"行こう","gloss":"shall we go","reading":"いこう"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"},{"text":"僕","gloss":"I","reading":"ぼく"},{"text":"も","gloss":"too"},{"text":"今日","gloss":"today","reading":"きょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"朝","gloss":"morning","reading":"あさ"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"ひま","gloss":"free"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"am"},{"text":"し、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"たいくつ","gloss":"was bored"},{"text":"し","gloss":"was bored"},{"text":"て","gloss":"was bored"},{"text":"い","gloss":"was bored"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"just then"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"is"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.dlg.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":1,"text":"----TOKORO DEWA \"as far as ----\" Following basic form of verbs either in the past or the non-past forms, and also following NO, TOKORO DEWA expresses an idea of \"as far as ---.\" Examples: MITA TOKORO DEWA \"as far as appearance goes\" WATAKUSHI NO SHITTEIRU TOKORO DEWA. \"as far as I know\" or \"to the best of my knowledge\" WATAKUSHI NO OBOETE IRU TOKORO DEWA. \"as far as my memory serves me\" IMA MADE NO TOKORO DEWA. \"so far; up to the present\" IMA NO TOKORO DEWA. \"as of now\""},{"section":2,"text":"---TARA DOO DA \"Why don’t you do ---\" Replacing TE of the TE-form of verbs, TARA DOO DA or TARA DOO DESUKA expresses a mild persuasion and means \"How about doing such-and-such\", or \"Why don’t you do such-and-such\", or \"You should do such-and such.\" Examples: MOO SUKOSHI TABE TARA DOO DA. \"Why don’t you eat more.\" or \"You should eat more.\" MISE E ITTE MITARA DOO DA. \"Why don’t you go to the store and take a look--- you should.\" MOTTO BENKYOO SHITARA DOO DESU KA. \"Why don’t you study more\" or \"You should study more.\" KOMBAN ASOBI NI KITARA DOO DA. \"Why don’t you come to visit me.\""},{"section":3,"text":"Notes on SORYA, NAKERYA, etc. In colloquial Japanese, when a word ending in the vowels e and i is followed by WA or BA, they frequently contract to YA or YAA. Examples: KORE WA = KORYA or KORYAA; SORE WA = SORYA or SORYAA; ARE WA = ARYA or ARYAA; AME WA = AMYA or AMYAA; YOME BA = YOMYA or YOMYAA; FURE BA = FURYA or FURYAA; IKE BA = IKYA or IKYAA; NOMI WA SHINAI = NOMYA(A) SHINAI; IKANAKEREBA = IKANAKERYA(A)"},{"section":4,"text":"SHIKKI (Lacquerware) Japanese lacquerware is well known for its exotic designs and finish, yet it can be put to practical use as salad bowls and salad servers. It is manufactured in large\n\nquantities at various places in Japan. However, their manufacturing style and process of production are different depending upon places of production, so when you buy them you must buy with great care. As lacquerware is a finished wooden product, the wood may shrink or the final coatings may come off, discolor, or fade with age. So the problem is how you can choose lacquerware of good quality; but after all, there is no better way than buying lacquerware at traditionally reliable shops. The processes of production of the lacquerware makers are ways inherited from their ancestors and improvements also have been made by their own ways. The methods of manufacture are never made public. The lacquerware products manufactured at Aizu in the Tohoku District are known as the best, and those manufactured in Wakayama and Kamakura follow."},{"section":5,"text":"Mikimoto The name Mikimoto is almost synonymous with pearls and is well known throughout the world. Late Kookichi Mikimoto, the founder of Japanese cultured pearls was undaunted by failure. He saw some pearls at an exhibition in 1886, and nine years after, he was successful in producing artificial cultured pearls. Year by year, he improved his pearls and became the chief exporter in Japan and has been given the name, \"the pearl king.\" The famous Mikimoto Pearl Farm is located near Toba in Mie Prefecture. The more popular souvenir items made of pearls are necklaces, brooches, earrings, cuff links, rings, and other personal ornaments. The luster and color are the first consideration, shape comes next--a good pearl must be perfectly spherical--and size last. As for the color, the order of valuation is black, pink, silver, white, and yellow."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"明後日","gloss":"day after tomorrow"},{"word":"は","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"の","gloss":"See Grammar Notes"},{"word":"な","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"だ。","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"で、","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"か","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"プレゼント","gloss":"present"},{"word":"を","gloss":"particle denoting direct object (See Pattern Drill)"},{"word":"が、","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"いい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"そう","gloss":"numerical counter for ships"},{"word":"ね。","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"真珠","gloss":"pearl"},{"word":"僕","gloss":"I (see notes)"},{"word":"しかし、","gloss":"however, but"},{"word":"き","gloss":"counter for airplanes (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"に","gloss":"on (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"店","gloss":"store, shop"},{"word":"幸い","gloss":"fortunately"},{"word":"今日","gloss":"today"},{"word":"午後","gloss":"p.m., afternoon"},{"word":"ひま","gloss":"leisure time, free"},{"word":"し、","gloss":"city"},{"word":"君","gloss":"suffix to a name, Mr. (See cult. notes)"},{"word":"朝","gloss":"morning"},{"word":"から","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"ある","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"少し","gloss":"little (quantity)"},{"word":"ところ","gloss":"place (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Comparing pearl gift options · Dialogue 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Pearls from Mikimoto","paragraphs":["The men choose a store for pearl gifts. One says, *真珠なら 御木本だな*, \"Mikimoto is the choice for pearls.\"","They consider *首かざり*, necklaces, and other ornaments. A pearl-decorated case is another choice."]},{"title":"The originator of cultured pearls","paragraphs":["*あそこは ようしょく 真珠の 本家本元だから* identifies Mikimoto as the originator of cultured pearls.","Kookichi Mikimoto produced cultured pearls nine years after seeing pearls at an exhibition in 1886. He became Japan's chief pearl exporter.","The Mikimoto Pearl Farm is near Toba in Mie Prefecture. Popular pearl goods include necklaces, brooches, earrings, cuff links, and rings."]},{"title":"Kanji: 元, 首","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":7,"id":"ja.dli.L082.dlg.007","source":"どの 店が いいかな。","translation":"I wonder which store is good?","reading":"どのみせがいいかな。","words":[{"text":"どの","gloss":"which"},{"text":"店","gloss":"store","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"な。","gloss":"I wonder"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.dlg.007.m4a"},{"number":8,"id":"ja.dli.L082.dlg.008","source":"真珠なら 御木本だな。あそこは ようしょく 真珠の 本家本元だから。","translation":"It’s Mikimoto if you want pearls, because he is the originator of the cultured pearl.","reading":"しんじゅならみきもとだな。あそこはようしょくしんじゅのほんけほんもとだから。","words":[{"text":"真珠","gloss":"pearls","reading":"しんじゅ"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"if it is"},{"text":"御木本","gloss":"Mikimoto","reading":"みきもと"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"な。","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"あそこ","gloss":"there"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ようしょく","gloss":"cultured"},{"text":"真珠","gloss":"pearl","reading":"しんじゅ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"本家","gloss":"originator","reading":"ほんけ"},{"text":"本元","gloss":"originator","reading":"ほんもと"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から。","gloss":"because"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.dlg.008.m4a"},{"number":9,"id":"ja.dli.L082.dlg.009","source":"そうだな。真珠というと、どうしても 御木本だなあ。ふつう、プレゼントには どんな 物が ある。","translation":"Trie, when you say pearl, it»s definitely Mikimoto. What are the usual gifts?","reading":"そうだな。しんじゅというと、どうしてもみきもとだなあ。ふつう、プレゼントにはどんなものがある。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"that way"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"な。","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"真珠","gloss":"pearls","reading":"しんじゅ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"say"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"when"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"definitely"},{"text":"し","gloss":"definitely"},{"text":"て","gloss":"definitely"},{"text":"も","gloss":"definitely"},{"text":"御木本","gloss":"Mikimoto","reading":"みきもと"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"なあ。","gloss":"indeed"},{"text":"ふつう、","gloss":"usually"},{"text":"プレゼント","gloss":"presents"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"exist"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.dlg.009.m4a"},{"number":10,"id":"ja.dli.L082.dlg.010","source":"首かざり、耳かざり、うでわ、ゆびわ、ブローチ、その 外、沢山の そうしょく品が あるよ。","translation":"There are necklaces, earrings, wrist bands, rings, brooches, and many other ornaments.","reading":"くびかざり、みみかざり、うでわ、ゆびわ、ブローチ、そのほか、たくさんのそうしょくひんがあるよ。","words":[{"text":"首かざり、","gloss":"necklaces","reading":"くびかざり"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"earrings","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"かざり、","gloss":"earrings"},{"text":"うでわ、","gloss":"bracelets"},{"text":"ゆびわ、","gloss":"rings"},{"text":"ブローチ、","gloss":"brooches"},{"text":"その","gloss":"other"},{"text":"外、","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"ornaments"},{"text":"しょく","gloss":"ornaments"},{"text":"品","gloss":"ornaments","reading":"ひん"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.dlg.010.m4a"},{"number":11,"id":"ja.dli.L082.dlg.011","source":"家内は 真珠の 首かざりを 持ってるから、耳かざりか、うでわか、ブローチが いいだろう。","translation":"Since my wife has pearl necklaces, probably earrings or a wrist band, or a brooch will be nice.","reading":"かないはしんじゅのくびかざりをもってるから、みみかざりか、うでわか、ブローチがいいだろう。","words":[{"text":"家内","gloss":"wife","reading":"かない"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"真珠","gloss":"pearl","reading":"しんじゅ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"首かざり","gloss":"necklace","reading":"くびかざり"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"持っ","gloss":"has","reading":"もっ"},{"text":"てる","gloss":"has"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"earrings","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"かざり","gloss":"earrings"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"or"},{"text":"うでわ","gloss":"bracelet"},{"text":"か、","gloss":"or"},{"text":"ブローチ","gloss":"brooch"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.dlg.011.m4a"},{"number":12,"id":"ja.dli.L082.dlg.012","source":"真珠で そうしょくした けしょう 箱 もあるよ。少し 高いがね。","translation":"Though it’s a little expensive, there are toilet cases decorated with pearls.","reading":"しんじゅでそうしょくしたけしょうばこもあるよ。すこしたかいがね。","words":[{"text":"真珠","gloss":"pearls","reading":"しんじゅ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"with"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"decorated"},{"text":"しょくし","gloss":"decorated"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"けしょう","gloss":"toilet case"},{"text":"箱","gloss":"toilet case","reading":"ばこ"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"高い","gloss":"expensive","reading":"たかい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.dlg.012.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"どの","gloss":"which (pre-substantive) (See Notes)"},{"word":"が","gloss":"but (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"な。","gloss":"I wish, I hope, huh"},{"word":"なら","gloss":"if it is (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"御木本","gloss":"P.N. (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"だ","gloss":"to be (informal equivalent of DESU. See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"あそこ","gloss":"over there"},{"word":"から。","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"と","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"し","gloss":"city"},{"word":"どんな","gloss":"what kind of; what sort of"},{"word":"ある。","gloss":"certain, some"},{"word":"首かざり、","gloss":"necklace"},{"word":"うでわ、","gloss":"wrist band"},{"word":"ゆびわ、","gloss":"ring (for finger)"},{"word":"ブローチ、","gloss":"brooch"},{"word":"品","gloss":"quality, goods"},{"word":"てる","gloss":"to shine (v.i.)"},{"word":"で","gloss":"--is and -- (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Declining lacquerware quality · Dialogue 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"A shorter form in speech","paragraphs":["*そりゃ そうだろう* begins with a colloquial contraction. *そりゃ* is the shorter spoken form of *それは*.","After a word ending in *e* or *i*, *WA* or *BA* often contracts with that vowel to *YA* or *YAA*."]},{"title":"Lacquerware and quality","paragraphs":["*しっきも 色々 あるが、品の よいのは このごろは 少いよ* says that good-quality lacquerware is now scarce.","Japanese lacquerware combines exotic designs and finish with practical uses. Production methods differ by place, so a traditionally reliable shop is the safest choice.","In *見た ところでは 美しい*, *ところでは* limits the judgment to appearance. Mass production can still reduce the quality."]},{"title":"Kanji: 質","paragraphs":["New kanji in these lines. Read down: the kanji, its reading, then the words it makes."]}],"lines":[{"number":13,"id":"ja.dli.L082.dlg.013","source":"そりゃ そうだろう。しっきは どうだろう。","translation":"There probably are. What about lacquerware?","reading":"そりゃそうだろう。しっきはどうだろう。","words":[{"text":"そりゃ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"しっ","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"き","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how about"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.dlg.013.m4a"},{"number":14,"id":"ja.dli.L082.dlg.014","source":"しっきも 色々 あるが、品の よいのは このごろは 少いよ。見た ところでは 美しいがね。","translation":"There are all kinds of lacquerware but there are very few good quality ones these days. Though they are very pretty by appearance.","reading":"しっきもいろいろあるが、しなのよいのはこのごろはすくないよ。みたところではうつくしいがね。","words":[{"text":"しっ","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"き","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"色々","gloss":"various kinds","reading":"いろいろ"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"品","gloss":"quality","reading":"しな"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"このごろ","gloss":"these days"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少い","gloss":"few","reading":"すくない"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"見","gloss":"look","reading":"み"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"appearance"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"美しい","gloss":"beautiful","reading":"うつくしい"},{"text":"が","gloss":"but"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.dlg.014.m4a"},{"number":15,"id":"ja.dli.L082.dlg.015","source":"でも 日本の うるしぬりは せかいでも 有名じゃないか。","translation":"But Japanese lacquerwares are world famous, aren’t they?","reading":"でもにほんのうるしぬりはせかいでもゆうめいじゃないか。","words":[{"text":"で","gloss":"but"},{"text":"も","gloss":"but"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japanese","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"うるし","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"ぬり","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"せかい","gloss":"world"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"じゃ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.dlg.015.m4a"},{"number":16,"id":"ja.dli.L082.dlg.016","source":"有名な事は 有名なんだが、近年 量産を やる様に なってから、質が 落ちたと思う。","translation":"They are famous all right, but since they started mass production in recent years, I think the quality has deteriorated.","reading":"ゆうめいなことはゆうめいなんだが、きんねんりょうさんをやるようになってから、しつがおちたとおもう。","words":[{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"な","gloss":"famous"},{"text":"事","gloss":"fact","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"is"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"近年","gloss":"recent years","reading":"きんねん"},{"text":"量産","gloss":"mass production","reading":"りょうさん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やる","gloss":"do"},{"text":"様","gloss":"way","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"become"},{"text":"て","gloss":"become"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"since"},{"text":"質","gloss":"quality","reading":"しつ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"落ち","gloss":"decline","reading":"おち"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思う。","gloss":"think","reading":"おもう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.dlg.016.m4a"},{"number":17,"id":"ja.dli.L082.dlg.017","source":"そうか。","translation":"Is that right?","reading":"そうか。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"is that so"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.dlg.017.m4a"},{"number":18,"id":"ja.dli.L082.dlg.018","source":"とにかく、しっきは 日本では 一つの げいじゅつとして 発達して来たんだ。","translation":"Anyway, in japan lacquerware has developed as an art.","reading":"とにかく、しっきはにほんではひとつのげいじゅつとしてはったつしてきたんだ。","words":[{"text":"とにかく、","gloss":"anyway"},{"text":"しっ","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"き","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"item"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"げ","gloss":"art"},{"text":"い","gloss":"art"},{"text":"じゅ","gloss":"art"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"art"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"as"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"発達","gloss":"develop","reading":"はったつ"},{"text":"し","gloss":"develop"},{"text":"て","gloss":"develop"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"is"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.dlg.018.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"よい","gloss":"good (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"うるし","gloss":"Japanese lacquer"},{"word":"せかい","gloss":"world"},{"word":"か。","gloss":"either--or-- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"近年","gloss":"recent years"},{"word":"量産","gloss":"mass production"},{"word":"やる","gloss":"to do"},{"word":"から、","gloss":"from (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"質","gloss":"quality, nature"},{"word":"思う。","gloss":"to think"},{"word":"とにかく、","gloss":"at any rate; any how"},{"word":"一","gloss":"one"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Judging valuable lacquerware · Dialogue 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Value beyond the lacquer","paragraphs":["The men compare mass-produced lacquerware with fine work. *名の ある人の 作ったものは げいじゅつ品として ねうちが ある* values work by a famous maker as art.","The amount of lacquer may set the price of mass-produced goods. Fine pieces have other conditions, so no single rule applies.","Lacquerware is made throughout Japan rather than at one production center."]}],"lines":[{"number":19,"id":"ja.dli.L082.dlg.019","source":"なるほど。","translation":"I see.","reading":"なるほど。","words":[{"text":"なるほど。","gloss":"I see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.dlg.019.m4a"},{"number":20,"id":"ja.dli.L082.dlg.020","source":"だから、だれそれの 作と 言って、名の ある人の 作ったものは げいじゅつ品として ねうちが ある 訳なんだ。","translation":"So, the one made by a famous person has a value as art goods saying that this is the work of such-and-such person.","reading":"だから、だれそれのさくといって、なのあるひとのつくったものはげいじゅつひんとしてねうちがあるわけなんだ。","words":[{"text":"だ","gloss":"so"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"so"},{"text":"だれそれ","gloss":"such-and-such person"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"作","gloss":"work","reading":"さく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"say","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"say"},{"text":"名","gloss":"name","reading":"な"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"having"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"作っ","gloss":"make","reading":"つくっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"げ","gloss":"art"},{"text":"い","gloss":"art"},{"text":"じゅ","gloss":"art"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"art"},{"text":"品","gloss":"piece","reading":"ひん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"as"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"ね","gloss":"value"},{"text":"うち","gloss":"value"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"has"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"reason","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"な","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"is"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.dlg.020.m4a"},{"number":21,"id":"ja.dli.L082.dlg.021","source":"うるしが 沢山 ぬって あるか ないかで、ねだんが きまる のでは ないんかね。","translation":"Isn’t the price determined by the amount of lacquer put on it?","reading":"うるしがたくさんぬってあるかないかで、ねだんがきまるのではないんかね。","words":[{"text":"うるし","gloss":"lacquer"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"much","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"ぬっ","gloss":"apply"},{"text":"て","gloss":"apply"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"has been"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"か","gloss":"whether"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"by"},{"text":"ねだん","gloss":"price"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"きまる","gloss":"is determined"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.dlg.021.m4a"},{"number":22,"id":"ja.dli.L082.dlg.022","source":"量産された しっきは そう だろうが、質の よいのは 外にも 色々な じょうけんが あるから、一がいには 言えないよ。","translation":"It probably is so in the case of lacquerwares made by mass production, but there are many other conditions for good quality ones, so we cannot make a sweeping statement.","reading":"りょうさんされたしっきはそうだろうが、しつのよいのはほかにもいろいろなじょうけんがあるから、いちがいにはいえないよ。","words":[{"text":"量産","gloss":"mass production","reading":"りょうさん"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"do"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"passive"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"し","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"っ","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"き","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"質","gloss":"quality","reading":"しつ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"の","gloss":"ones"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"外","gloss":"other","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"色々","gloss":"various","reading":"いろいろ"},{"text":"な","gloss":"kind of"},{"text":"じょう","gloss":"conditions"},{"text":"けん","gloss":"conditions"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"一がい","gloss":"sweeping","reading":"いちがい"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"say","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"cannot"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.dlg.022.m4a"},{"number":23,"id":"ja.dli.L082.dlg.023","source":"真珠は 伊勢湾の 近くで 全産がくの 八十パーセント 出る そうだが、しっきの センターは どこかね。","translation":"I understand that the vicinity of ise Bay produces 80 percent of the total pearl production, but where is the center of the lacquerware production?","reading":"しんじゅはいせわんのちかくでぜんさんがくのはちじゅうパーセントでるそうだが、しっきのセンターはどこかね。","words":[{"text":"真珠","gloss":"pearls","reading":"しんじゅ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"伊勢","gloss":"Ise","reading":"いせ"},{"text":"湾","gloss":"Bay","reading":"わん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"近く","gloss":"vicinity","reading":"ちかく"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"全","gloss":"total production","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"産","gloss":"total production","reading":"さん"},{"text":"がく","gloss":"total production"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"八十","gloss":"eighty","reading":"はちじゅう"},{"text":"パーセント","gloss":"percent"},{"text":"出る","gloss":"are produced","reading":"でる"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"しっ","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"き","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"センター","gloss":"center"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"か","gloss":"question"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.dlg.023.m4a"},{"number":24,"id":"ja.dli.L082.dlg.024","source":"センターというのは ないね。全国 いたる ところで 出来ると 言えるね。","translation":"There is no such thing as a center. You can say that they are produced throughout the country.","reading":"センターというのはないね。ぜんこくいたるところでできるといえるね。","words":[{"text":"センター","gloss":"center"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"does not exist"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"全国","gloss":"nationwide","reading":"ぜんこく"},{"text":"いたる","gloss":"every"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"place"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"are produced","reading":"できる"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言える","gloss":"can say","reading":"いえる"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.dlg.024.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"なるほど。","gloss":"I see, indeed, to be sure"},{"word":"名","gloss":"name"},{"word":"人","gloss":"people"},{"word":"もの","gloss":"things (tangible)"},{"word":"ね","gloss":"isn't it (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"うち","gloss":"home, house"},{"word":"ねだん","gloss":"price"},{"word":"きまる","gloss":"be set (v.i.)"},{"word":"けん","gloss":"numerical counter for houses (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"近く","gloss":"vicinity"},{"word":"八十","gloss":"80"},{"word":"パーセント","gloss":"percent"},{"word":"出る","gloss":"come out to the phone, go out, come out (vi)"},{"word":"センター","gloss":"center"},{"word":"出来る","gloss":"to be manufactured; to be produced (v.i.)"},{"word":"言える","gloss":"can be said"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Stating limits of knowledge · Perception drill, Block 1","teaching":[{"title":"As far as memory goes","paragraphs":["*私の おぼえている ところでは 千九百四十六年の 六月だったと思います* means \"As far as my memory serves me, I think it was June 1946.\"","The phrase before *ところでは* identifies the limit of the answer. Here, the speaker claims only what memory supports."]},{"title":"The limit of a statement","paragraphs":["*ところでは* means \"as far as\". It follows a verb in its basic past or non-past form, or it follows *の*.","*私の 知っている ところでは、米、麦、さつまいも などですね* limits the list to what the speaker knows.","*今の ところでは、行くつもりでは ありません* uses the same expression with *今の*. The decision holds \"as of now.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":25,"id":"ja.dli.L082.gp1.01","source":"見た ところでは 美しい。","translation":"About how many people were there at the picnic yesterday?","reading":"みたところではうつくしい。","words":[{"text":"見","gloss":"look","reading":"み"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"appearance"},{"text":"で","gloss":"by"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"美しい。","gloss":"beautiful","reading":"うつくしい"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.gp1.01.m4a"},{"number":26,"id":"ja.dli.L082.gp1.02","source":"きのうの ピクニックに 人が 何人ぐらい 来ていましたか。","translation":"As far as my calculation goes there were about fifty.","reading":"きのうのピクニックにひとがなんにんぐらいきていましたか。","words":[{"text":"きのう","gloss":"yesterday"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"ピクニック","gloss":"picnic"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"何","gloss":"how many","reading":"なん"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"にん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"come"},{"text":"い","gloss":"were"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.gp1.02.m4a"},{"number":27,"id":"ja.dli.L082.gp1.03","source":"私の かんじょうした ところでは、五十人ほど 来ていました。","translation":"About when was this school moved to Monterey?","reading":"わたくしのかんじょうしたところでは、ごじゅうにんほどきていました。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"かんじょう","gloss":"calculate"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"extent"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"五十","gloss":"fifty","reading":"ごじゅう"},{"text":"人","gloss":"people","reading":"にん"},{"text":"ほど","gloss":"about"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"come"},{"text":"い","gloss":"were"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た。","gloss":"past"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.gp1.03.m4a"},{"number":28,"id":"ja.dli.L082.gp1.04","source":"この 学校は いつごろ モンテレーに 移転しましたか。","translation":"As far as my memory serves me, I think it was Jime of 1946.","reading":"このがっこうはいつごろモンテレーにいてんしましたか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いつごろ","gloss":"around when"},{"text":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"移転","gloss":"relocate","reading":"いてん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.gp1.04.m4a"},{"number":29,"id":"ja.dli.L082.gp1.05","source":"私の おぼえている ところでは 千九百四十六年の 六月だったと思います。","translation":"The student called Smith doesn’t do too well, but do you suppose he has no brain?","reading":"わたくしのおぼえているところではせんきゅうひゃくよんじゅうろくねんのろくがつだったとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"おぼえ","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"て","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"extent"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"千","gloss":"one thousand","reading":"せん"},{"text":"九百","gloss":"nine hundred","reading":"きゅうひゃく"},{"text":"四十","gloss":"forty","reading":"よんじゅう"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"年","gloss":"year","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"六","gloss":"six","reading":"ろく"},{"text":"月","gloss":"month","reading":"がつ"},{"text":"だっ","gloss":"was"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.gp1.05.m4a"},{"number":30,"id":"ja.dli.L082.gp1.06","source":"スミスという 生徒は あんまり 出来ないが、頭が 悪いんだろうか。","translation":"As far as I can observe, it seems he doesn’t study enough at home.","reading":"スミスというせいとはあんまりできないが、あたまがわるいんだろうか。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あんまり","gloss":"very well"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"perform","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"頭","gloss":"mind","reading":"あたま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"dull","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"is"},{"text":"だろう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.gp1.06.m4a"},{"number":31,"id":"ja.dli.L082.gp1.07","source":"私の 見受ける ところでは、あの 生徒は 家で 勉強が 足りない様だね。","translation":"Do you intend to go to see a football game this Saturday?","reading":"わたくしのみうけるところでは、あのせいとはいえでべんきょうがたりないようだね。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"見受ける","gloss":"observe","reading":"みうける"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"extent"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"家","gloss":"home","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"足り","gloss":"sufficient","reading":"たり"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"様","gloss":"seems","reading":"よう"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.gp1.07.m4a"},{"number":32,"id":"ja.dli.L082.gp1.08","source":"あなたは 今週の 土曜日に フットボールを 見に 行くつもりですか。","translation":"No, I have no intention of going as of now.","reading":"あなたはこんしゅうのどようびにフットボールをみにいくつもりですか。","words":[{"text":"あなた","gloss":"you"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今週","gloss":"this week","reading":"こんしゅう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"土曜","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"どよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"び"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"フットボール","gloss":"football"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"watch","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.gp1.08.m4a"},{"number":33,"id":"ja.dli.L082.gp1.09","source":"いいえ、今の ところでは、行くつもりでは ありません。","translation":"What are the chief agricultural products of Japan?","reading":"いいえ、いまのところでは、いくつもりではありません。","words":[{"text":"いいえ、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"present"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ませ","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"ん。","gloss":"not"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.gp1.09.m4a"},{"number":34,"id":"ja.dli.L082.gp1.10","source":"日本の 農産物の おもな 物と 言えば 何ですか。","translation":"As far as I know, they are rice, wheat, and sweet potatoes, etc.","reading":"にほんののうさんぶつのおもなものといえばなんですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほんの"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"農産","gloss":"agricultural products"},{"text":"物","gloss":"agricultural products"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"おもな","gloss":"chief"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"say","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.gp1.10.m4a"},{"number":35,"id":"ja.dli.L082.gp1.11","source":"私の 知っている ところでは、米、麦、さつまいも などですね。","translation":"Why don’t you go to the store and take a look? (persuasion). You should----","reading":"わたくしのしっているところでは、こめ、むぎ、さつまいもなどですね。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"知っ","gloss":"know","reading":"しっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"know"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"know"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"extent"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"米、","gloss":"rice","reading":"こめ"},{"text":"麦、","gloss":"wheat","reading":"むぎ"},{"text":"さつま","gloss":"sweet potatoes"},{"text":"いも","gloss":"sweet potatoes"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and so forth"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.gp1.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"word":"かんじょう","gloss":"calculation, payment, settlement of account"},{"word":"五十","gloss":"50"},{"word":"ほど","gloss":"to the extent (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"モンテレー","gloss":"Monterey"},{"word":"いる","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"千","gloss":"1,000"},{"word":"九百","gloss":"900"},{"word":"四十","gloss":"40"},{"word":"六","gloss":"six"},{"word":"年","gloss":"year (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"月","gloss":"moon, month (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"ます。","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"頭","gloss":"head, mind"},{"word":"見受ける","gloss":"see (v.t.)"},{"word":"家","gloss":"house, home"},{"word":"今週","gloss":"this week"},{"word":"です","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"麦、","gloss":"wheat, barley, oats (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"など","gloss":"and so forth, etc."}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Making and answering suggestions · Perception drill, Block 2","teaching":[{"title":"A suggestion to sleep early","paragraphs":["*時々 早く ねたら どうだ* means \"Why don't you sleep early once in a while?\"","The ending presents sleeping early as a mild suggestion. The answer can accept it with an intention, as in *今晩は 早く ねるつもりだ*."]},{"title":"Build the suggestion","paragraphs":["Replace the TE-form ending with the past conditional, then add *どうだ*. The result means \"why don't you\", \"how about\", or \"you should\".","*もう少し 食べたら どうだ* means \"Why don't you eat a little more?\"","The polite ending is *たら どうですか*. The suggestion remains mild."]}],"lines":[{"number":36,"id":"ja.dli.L082.gp2.01","source":"店へ 行って 見たら どうだ。","translation":"Why don’t you sleep early once in a while?","reading":"みせへいってみたらどうだ。","words":[{"text":"店","gloss":"store","reading":"みせ"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"go"},{"text":"見","gloss":"look","reading":"み"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"if you did"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how about"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.gp2.01.m4a"},{"number":37,"id":"ja.dli.L082.gp2.02","source":"時々 早く ねたら どうだ。","translation":"Yes, I intend to go to sleep early tonight.","reading":"ときどきはやくねたらどうだ。","words":[{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"ね","gloss":"sleep"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"if you did"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how about"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.gp2.02.m4a"},{"number":38,"id":"ja.dli.L082.gp2.03","source":"ええ、今晩は 早く ねるつもりだ。","translation":"Why don’t you invite Tanaka, too,tonight?","reading":"ええ、こんばんははやくねるつもりだ。","words":[{"text":"ええ、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"今晩は","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばんは"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"ねる","gloss":"sleep"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.gp2.03.m4a"},{"number":39,"id":"ja.dli.L082.gp2.04","source":"今晩 田中君も さそったら どうだ。","translation":"Yes, that probably will be nice. I’ll invite him and see, then.","reading":"こんばんたなかくんもさそったらどうだ。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight"},{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka"},{"text":"君","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"さそっ","gloss":"invite"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"if you did"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how about"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.gp2.04.m4a"},{"number":40,"id":"ja.dli.L082.gp2.05","source":"うん、それは よかろう。じゃ、さそって 見よう。","translation":"Why don’t you enjoy yourself once in a while instead of studying so hard like you do?","reading":"うん、それはよかろう。じゃ、さそってみよう。","words":[{"text":"うん、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"それ","gloss":"that"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よかろう。","gloss":"sounds good"},{"text":"じゃ、","gloss":"well then"},{"text":"さそっ","gloss":"invite"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"見よう。","gloss":"let's try","reading":"みよう"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.gp2.05.m4a"},{"number":41,"id":"ja.dli.L082.gp2.06","source":"君の 様に そんなに 勉強しないで 時々 遊んだら どうだ。","translation":"No, since I don’t have a brain like yours, I have to study, you see.","reading":"きみのようにそんなにべんきょうしないでときどきあそんだらどうだ。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"様","gloss":"way","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"like"},{"text":"そんな","gloss":"that"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to that extent"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"で","gloss":"without"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"遊ん","gloss":"enjoy yourself","reading":"あそん"},{"text":"だら","gloss":"why not"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.gp2.06.m4a"},{"number":42,"id":"ja.dli.L082.gp2.07","source":"いや、僕は 君の 様に 頭が よくないのだから、勉強しなくては いけないんだよ。","translation":"Since these are cheap, why don’t you buy a lot of them and keep them.","reading":"いや、ぼくはきみのようにあたまがよくないのだから、べんきょうしなくてはいけないんだよ。","words":[{"text":"いや、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"僕","gloss":"I","reading":"ぼく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"様","gloss":"way","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"like"},{"text":"頭","gloss":"brains","reading":"あたま"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"good"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact that"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"not"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いけ","gloss":"acceptable"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.gp2.07.m4a"},{"number":43,"id":"ja.dli.L082.gp2.08","source":"これは 安いから、沢山買っておいては どうだ。","translation":"Yes, I’ll do that, because it is very seldom that they are as cheap as these.","reading":"これはやすいから、たくさんかっておいてはどうだ。","words":[{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"安い","gloss":"cheap","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"many","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"買っ","gloss":"buy","reading":"かっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"おい","gloss":"keep"},{"text":"て","gloss":"keep"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.gp2.08.m4a"},{"number":44,"id":"ja.dli.L082.gp2.09","source":"うん、そうしよう。こんなに 安い事は めったに ないからね。","translation":"Why don’t you eat a little more. Since I have a lot, please eat without standing on ceremony.","reading":"うん、そうしよう。こんなにやすいことはめったにないからね。","words":[{"text":"うん、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"しよう。","gloss":"I'll do"},{"text":"こんな","gloss":"this"},{"text":"に","gloss":"this much"},{"text":"安い","gloss":"cheap","reading":"やすい"},{"text":"事","gloss":"occasion","reading":"こと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"めった","gloss":"rarely"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not exist"},{"text":"から","gloss":"because"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"you see"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.gp2.09.m4a"},{"number":45,"id":"ja.dli.L082.gp2.10","source":"もう少し 食べたら どうだ。沢山 あるんだから、えんりょなく 食べてくれよ。","translation":"Thank you, but I can’t eat any more. I had plenty.","reading":"もうすこしたべたらどうだ。たくさんあるんだから、えんりょなくたべてくれよ。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"more"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"why not"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"plenty","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"えんりょ","gloss":"reserve"},{"text":"なく","gloss":"without"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"くれ","gloss":"please do"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.gp2.10.m4a"},{"number":46,"id":"ja.dli.L082.gp2.11","source":"ありがとう。しかし、もう 食べられないよ。沢山 いただいたよ。","translation":"Thank you. But I can’t eat any more. I’ve had plenty.","reading":"ありがとう。しかし、もうたべられないよ。たくさんいただいたよ。","words":[{"text":"ありがとう。","gloss":"thank you"},{"text":"しかし、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"any more"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"られ","gloss":"can"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"沢山","gloss":"plenty","reading":"たくさん"},{"text":"いただい","gloss":"received"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.gp2.11.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"へ","gloss":"to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"時々","gloss":"sometimes, occasionally"},{"word":"ええ、","gloss":"Yes"},{"word":"ねる","gloss":"to sleep"},{"word":"うん、","gloss":"Yes, all right."},{"word":"よかろう。","gloss":"that's good!"},{"word":"いや、","gloss":"no"},{"word":"よく","gloss":"well, skillfully"},{"word":"いけ","gloss":"pond, dam, reservoir"},{"word":"おい","gloss":"nephew"},{"word":"もう","gloss":"already (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Reporting known information · Pattern 1 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Facts from a named source","paragraphs":["*私の聞いた ところでは、田中さんの 奥さんは 病気が ひどい そうです* means \"From what I heard, Mrs. Tanaka is seriously ill.\"","Here, *ところでは* limits the fact to what the speaker heard.","Research, observation, knowledge, and calculation can also limit a report. *今の ところでは* instead limits it to present information."]}],"lines":[{"number":47,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt1.m1","source":"私の聞いた ところでは、田中さんの 奥さんは 病気が ひどい そうです。","translation":"From what I heard, Mrs. Tanaka is seriously ill.","reading":"わたくしのきいたところでは、たなかさんのおくさんはびょうきがひどいそうです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"聞い","gloss":"heard","reading":"きい"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"で","gloss":"from"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mrs."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"病気","gloss":"illness","reading":"びょうき"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ひどい","gloss":"serious"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt1.m1.m4a"},{"number":48,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt1.01","source":"私のしらべたところでは、そつ業までに あと十三日 あります。","translation":"From what I found out, there are thirteen days left until graduation.","reading":"わたくしのしらべたところでは、そつぎょうまでにあとじゅうさんにちあります。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"しらべ","gloss":"found out"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"で","gloss":"from"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"そつ業","gloss":"graduation"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"に","gloss":"by"},{"text":"あと","gloss":"remaining"},{"text":"十","gloss":"thirteen days"},{"text":"三","gloss":"thirteen days"},{"text":"日","gloss":"thirteen days"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt1.01.m4a"},{"number":49,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt1.02","source":"私が うけたまわったところでは、大木さんは もう 日本から 帰っているそうです。","translation":"From what I was told, Mr. Oki has already returned from Japan.","reading":"わたくしがうけたまわったところでは、おおきさんはもうにほんからかえっているそうです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"うけたまわっ","gloss":"was told"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"で","gloss":"from"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大木","gloss":"Oki","reading":"おおき"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"already"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"has returned","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"has returned"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"has returned"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt1.02.m4a"},{"number":50,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt1.03","source":"スミスさんの 奥さんは 見たところでは、元気そうですが、実は そうでは ないのですね。","translation":"Mrs. Smith looks well, but actually she isn’t, is she?","reading":"スミスさんのおくさんはみたところでは、げんきそうですが、じつはそうではないのですね。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mrs."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"見","gloss":"look","reading":"み"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"appearance"},{"text":"で","gloss":"from"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"元気","gloss":"healthy","reading":"げんき"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"実","gloss":"actually","reading":"じつ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt1.03.m4a"},{"number":51,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt1.04","source":"私が 見受けるところでは、田村さんは 勉強が 好きでは ないらしいです。","translation":"From what I can tell, Mr. Tamura does not seem to like studying.","reading":"わたくしがみうけるところでは、たむらさんはべんきょうがすきではないらしいです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"見受ける","gloss":"can tell","reading":"みうける"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"で","gloss":"from"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"田村","gloss":"Tamura","reading":"たむら"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"studying","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"fond","reading":"すき"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"らしい","gloss":"seems"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt1.04.m4a"},{"number":52,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt1.05","source":"私の 知っている ところでは、東京の 人口は 一千万を こえています。","translation":"As far as I know, Tokyo’s population exceeds ten million.","reading":"わたくしのしっているところでは、とうきょうのじんこうはいっせんまんをこえています。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"知っ","gloss":"know","reading":"しっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"know"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"know"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"extent"},{"text":"で","gloss":"from"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"人口","gloss":"population","reading":"じんこう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一千","gloss":"ten million","reading":"いっせん"},{"text":"万","gloss":"ten million","reading":"まん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"こえ","gloss":"exceeds"},{"text":"て","gloss":"exceeds"},{"text":"い","gloss":"exceeds"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt1.05.m4a"},{"number":53,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt1.06","source":"私の かんじょうした ところでは、この課には 新しい 言葉が 三十い上 あります。","translation":"By my count, there are more than thirty new words in this lesson.","reading":"わたくしのかんじょうしたところでは、このかにはあたらしいことばがさんじゅういじょうあります。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"かんじょう","gloss":"count"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"で","gloss":"from"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"課","gloss":"lesson","reading":"か"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"新しい","gloss":"new","reading":"あたらしい"},{"text":"言葉","gloss":"words","reading":"ことば"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"三十","gloss":"thirty","reading":"さんじゅう"},{"text":"い","gloss":"or more"},{"text":"上","gloss":"or more","reading":"じょう"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt1.06.m4a"},{"number":54,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt1.07","source":"私は 今の ところでは 土曜日にも 学校へ行く ことにしています。","translation":"For the time being, I plan to go to school on Saturdays too.","reading":"わたくしはいまのところではどようびにもがっこうへいくことにしています。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"time"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"土曜","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"どよう"},{"text":"日","gloss":"Saturday","reading":"び"},{"text":"に","gloss":"on"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"こと","gloss":"act"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"し","gloss":"plan"},{"text":"て","gloss":"plan"},{"text":"い","gloss":"plan"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt1.07.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"は、","gloss":"leaves"},{"word":"です。","gloss":"to be (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"まで","gloss":"as far as, to (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"十","gloss":"ten"},{"word":"三","gloss":"three"},{"word":"好き","gloss":"to like, be fond of (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"人口","gloss":"population"},{"word":"三十","gloss":"30"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Citing memory and observation · Pattern 1 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Answers with stated limits","paragraphs":["*私の おぼえている ところでは、二十五年前には 日本には まだ テレビが なかったと思います* means \"As far as I remember, I think there was still no television in Japan twenty-five years ago.\"","*私の 見受けたところでは 大抵、洋服ですね* limits an answer to observation.","*私の しらべた ところでは、大学 だけでも 八十ぐらい あります* limits an answer to research."]}],"lines":[{"number":55,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt1.08","source":"私の おぼえている ところでは、二十五年前には 日本には まだ テレビが なかったと思います。","translation":"As far as I remember, I think there was still no television in Japan twenty-five years ago.","reading":"わたくしのおぼえているところでは、にじゅうごねんまえにはにほんにはまだテレビがなかったとおもいます。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"おぼえ","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"て","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"remember"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"extent"},{"text":"で","gloss":"from"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"二十","gloss":"twenty-five years ago","reading":"にじゅう"},{"text":"五","gloss":"twenty-five years ago","reading":"ご"},{"text":"年","gloss":"twenty-five years ago","reading":"ねん"},{"text":"前","gloss":"twenty-five years ago","reading":"まえ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"まだ","gloss":"still"},{"text":"テレビ","gloss":"television"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"なかっ","gloss":"did not exist"},{"text":"た","gloss":"did not exist"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思い","gloss":"think","reading":"おもい"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt1.08.m4a"},{"number":56,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt1.09","source":"東京 などでは 仕事に 行く 時に、着物を 着て 行きますか。","translation":"In places like Tokyo, do people wear kimonos when they go to work?","reading":"とうきょうなどではしごとにいくときに、きものをきていきますか。","words":[{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and such places"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"仕事","gloss":"work","reading":"しごと"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"時","gloss":"time","reading":"とき"},{"text":"に、","gloss":"at"},{"text":"着物","gloss":"kimono","reading":"きもの"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"着","gloss":"wear","reading":"き"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"行き","gloss":"go","reading":"いき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt1.09.m4a"},{"number":57,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt1.10","source":"私の 見受けたところでは 大抵、洋服ですね。","translation":"From what I have seen, they usually wear Western clothes.","reading":"わたくしのみうけたところではたいてい、ようふくですね。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"見受け","gloss":"have seen","reading":"みうけ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"で","gloss":"from"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大抵、","gloss":"usually","reading":"たいてい"},{"text":"洋服","gloss":"Western clothes","reading":"ようふく"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt1.10.m4a"},{"number":58,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt1.11","source":"この 学校の 生徒は いくつぐらい かん字を 習いますか。","translation":"About how many kanji do the students at this school learn?","reading":"このがっこうのせいとはいくつぐらいかんじをならいますか。","words":[{"text":"この","gloss":"this"},{"text":"学校","gloss":"school","reading":"がっこう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いく","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"how many"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"か","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"字","gloss":"kanji","reading":"じ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"習い","gloss":"learn","reading":"ならい"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt1.11.m4a"},{"number":59,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt1.12","source":"私の 知っている ところでは 九百ぐらいです。","translation":"As far as I know, about nine hundred.","reading":"わたくしのしっているところではきゅうひゃくぐらいです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"知っ","gloss":"know","reading":"しっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"know"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"know"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"extent"},{"text":"で","gloss":"from"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"九百","gloss":"nine hundred","reading":"きゅうひゃく"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt1.12.m4a"},{"number":60,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt1.13","source":"東京は 日本の 教育の 中心ですね。","translation":"Tokyo is the center of education in Japan, isn’t it?","reading":"とうきょうはにほんのきょういくのちゅうしんですね。","words":[{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"教育","gloss":"education","reading":"きょういく"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"中心","gloss":"center","reading":"ちゅうしん"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt1.13.m4a"},{"number":61,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt1.14","source":"そうです。私の しらべた ところでは、大学 だけでも 八十ぐらい あります。","translation":"Yes. From what I found out, there are about eighty universities alone.","reading":"そうです。わたくしのしらべたところでは、だいがくだけでもはちじゅうぐらいあります。","words":[{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"しらべ","gloss":"found out"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"で","gloss":"from"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"大学","gloss":"universities","reading":"だいがく"},{"text":"だけ","gloss":"alone"},{"text":"で","gloss":"among"},{"text":"も","gloss":"even"},{"text":"八十","gloss":"eighty","reading":"はちじゅう"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt1.14.m4a"},{"number":62,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt1.15","source":"山本さんは 又 日本へ いらっしゃる そうですね。","translation":"I hear Mr. Yamamoto is coming to Japan again.","reading":"やまもとさんはまたにほんへいらっしゃるそうですね。","words":[{"text":"山本","gloss":"Yamamoto","reading":"やまもと"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"又","gloss":"again","reading":"また"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"へ","gloss":"toward"},{"text":"いらっしゃる","gloss":"is coming"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt1.15.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"二十","gloss":"20"},{"word":"五","gloss":"five"},{"word":"前","gloss":"before, front"},{"word":"まだ","gloss":"yet, still"},{"word":"テレビ","gloss":"television"},{"word":"時","gloss":"time"},{"word":"だけ","gloss":"only, just (See Grammar Notes)"},{"word":"いらっしゃる","gloss":"to come, go (honorific verb)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Citing hearsay and appearances · Pattern 1 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"The source before the claim","paragraphs":["*私の 聞いた ところでは、今度は 三週間ぐらい とうりゅうする 計画だそうです* means \"From what I heard, this time he plans to stay for about three weeks.\"","*今の ところでは 今週末は いい 天気だそうですよ* limits a weather report to present information.","The prompts *見受ける*, *知る*, *見る*, *しらべる*, and *聞く* provide different sources for the same pattern."]}],"lines":[{"number":63,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt1.16","source":"私の 聞いた ところでは、今度は 三週間ぐらい とうりゅうする 計画だそうです。","translation":"From what I heard, this time he plans to stay for about three weeks.","reading":"わたくしのきいたところでは、こんどはさんしゅうかんぐらいとうりゅうするけいかくだそうです。","words":[{"text":"私","gloss":"I","reading":"わたくし"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"聞い","gloss":"heard","reading":"きい"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"what"},{"text":"で","gloss":"from"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今度","gloss":"this time","reading":"こんど"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"三","gloss":"three weeks","reading":"さん"},{"text":"週間","gloss":"three weeks","reading":"しゅうかん"},{"text":"ぐらい","gloss":"about"},{"text":"と","gloss":"stay"},{"text":"う","gloss":"stay"},{"text":"りゅう","gloss":"stay"},{"text":"する","gloss":"stay"},{"text":"計画","gloss":"plan","reading":"けいかく"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt1.16.m4a"},{"number":64,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt1.17","source":"今週末 フットボールを 見に 行くつもりですが、雨に ならないでしょうか。","translation":"I plan to go see a football game this weekend, but do you think it might rain?","reading":"こんしゅうまつフットボールをみにいくつもりですが、あめにならないでしょうか。","words":[{"text":"今週","gloss":"this weekend","reading":"こんしゅう"},{"text":"末","gloss":"this weekend","reading":"まつ"},{"text":"フットボール","gloss":"football"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"見","gloss":"see","reading":"み"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"go","reading":"いく"},{"text":"つもり","gloss":"intend"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"雨","gloss":"rain","reading":"あめ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"into"},{"text":"なら","gloss":"become"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"でしょう","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt1.17.m4a"},{"number":65,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt1.18","source":"今の ところでは 今週末は いい 天気だそうですよ。","translation":"For now, they say the weather will be good this weekend.","reading":"いまのところではこんしゅうまつはいいてんきだそうですよ。","words":[{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ところ","gloss":"time"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今週","gloss":"this weekend","reading":"こんしゅう"},{"text":"末","gloss":"this weekend","reading":"まつ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"天気","gloss":"weather","reading":"てんき"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt1.18.m4a"},{"number":66,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt1.19","source":"見受ける。（　　　　　　　　　）あの 生徒は あまり 勉強しない 様です。","translation":"To judge from appearances: (                    ) That student does not seem to study very much.","reading":"みうける。（）あのせいとはあまりべんきょうしないようです。","words":[{"text":"見受ける。","gloss":"judge by appearance","reading":"みうける"},{"text":"（）","gloss":"blank"},{"text":"あの","gloss":"that"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"student","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"様","gloss":"seems","reading":"よう"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt1.19.m4a"},{"number":67,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt1.20","source":"知る。（　　　　　　　　　）東京は せかい一の 大都会です。","translation":"To know: (                    ) Tokyo is the largest city in the world.","reading":"しる。（）とうきょうはせかいいちのだいとかいです。","words":[{"text":"知る。","gloss":"know","reading":"しる"},{"text":"（）","gloss":"blank"},{"text":"東京","gloss":"Tokyo","reading":"とうきょう"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"せかい","gloss":"world"},{"text":"一","gloss":"number one","reading":"いち"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"大","gloss":"metropolis","reading":"だい"},{"text":"都会","gloss":"metropolis","reading":"とかい"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt1.20.m4a"},{"number":68,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt1.21","source":"見る。（　　　　　　　　　）大変 きれいです。","translation":"To look: (                    ) It is very beautiful.","reading":"みる。（）たいへんきれいです。","words":[{"text":"見る。","gloss":"look","reading":"みる"},{"text":"（）","gloss":"blank"},{"text":"大変","gloss":"very","reading":"たいへん"},{"text":"きれい","gloss":"beautiful"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt1.21.m4a"},{"number":69,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt1.22","source":"しらべる。（　　　　　　　　　）生徒は 今まで かん字を 百 習っています。","translation":"To investigate: (                    ) The students have learned one hundred kanji so far.","reading":"しらべる。（）せいとはいままでかんじをひゃくならっています。","words":[{"text":"しらべる。","gloss":"investigate"},{"text":"（）","gloss":"blank"},{"text":"生徒","gloss":"students","reading":"せいと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"まで","gloss":"until"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"百","gloss":"one hundred","reading":"ひゃく"},{"text":"習っ","gloss":"have learned","reading":"ならっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"have learned"},{"text":"い","gloss":"have learned"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt1.22.m4a"},{"number":70,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt1.23","source":"聞く。（　　　　　　　　　）田村さんの 奥さんは 入院 なさる そうです。","translation":"To hear: (                    ) I hear that Mrs. Tamura will be hospitalized.","reading":"きく。（）たむらさんのおくさんはにゅういんなさるそうです。","words":[{"text":"聞く。","gloss":"hear","reading":"きく"},{"text":"（）","gloss":"blank"},{"text":"田村","gloss":"Tamura","reading":"たむら"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mrs."},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"奥","gloss":"wife","reading":"おく"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"wife"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"入院","gloss":"hospitalization","reading":"にゅういん"},{"text":"なさる","gloss":"will undergo"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"reportedly"},{"text":"です。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt1.23.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"今度","gloss":"this time, next time"},{"word":"雨","gloss":"rain"},{"word":"でしょう","gloss":"probably (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"天気","gloss":"weather"},{"word":"見受ける。","gloss":"see (v.t.)"},{"word":"知る。","gloss":"to know (v.t.)"},{"word":"しらべる。","gloss":"to investigate"},{"word":"百","gloss":"100"},{"word":"なさる","gloss":"to do (honorific verb) (See Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Making everyday suggestions · Pattern 2 1 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Suggestions for everyday actions","paragraphs":["The *たら どうだ* in *田中君に 聞いたら どうだ* appears with many everyday actions.","*今晩 遊びに 来たら どうだ* means \"Why don't you come over this evening?\" The informal ending suits a direct everyday suggestion.","*スミスさんに 電報を うったら どうですか* uses *どうですか* for a polite suggestion."]}],"lines":[{"number":71,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.m1","source":"今晩 遊びに 来たら どうだ。","translation":"Why don’t you come over this evening?","reading":"こんばんあそびにきたらどうだ。","words":[{"text":"今晩","gloss":"this evening","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"遊び","gloss":"visit","reading":"あそび"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"来","gloss":"come","reading":"き"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"why not"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.m1.m4a"},{"number":72,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.01","source":"君は いぬが好きだから、いぬを かったら どうだ。","translation":"Since you like dogs, why don’t you get one?","reading":"きみはいぬがすきだから、いぬをかったらどうだ。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いぬ","gloss":"dogs"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"好き","gloss":"fond","reading":"すき"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"are"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"いぬ","gloss":"dog"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"かっ","gloss":"get"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"why not"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.01.m4a"},{"number":73,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.02","source":"田中君に 聞いたら どうだ。","translation":"Why don’t you ask Tanaka?","reading":"たなかくんにきいたらどうだ。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"君","gloss":"Mr.","reading":"くん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"聞い","gloss":"ask","reading":"きい"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"why not"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.02.m4a"},{"number":74,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.03","source":"もっと 働いたら どうだ。","translation":"Why don’t you work harder?","reading":"もっとはたらいたらどうだ。","words":[{"text":"もっと","gloss":"more"},{"text":"働い","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらい"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"why not"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.03.m4a"},{"number":75,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.04","source":"子供を つれて行ったら どうだ。","translation":"Why don’t you take the children along?","reading":"こどもをつれていったらどうだ。","words":[{"text":"子供","gloss":"children","reading":"こども"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"行っ","gloss":"go","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"why not"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.04.m4a"},{"number":76,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.05","source":"君は 時々 くつを みがいたら どうだ。","translation":"Why don’t you polish your shoes from time to time?","reading":"きみはときどきくつをみがいたらどうだ。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"みがい","gloss":"polish"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"why not"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.05.m4a"},{"number":77,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.06","source":"スミスさんに 電報を うったら どうですか。","translation":"Why don’t you send Mr. Smith a telegram?","reading":"スミスさんにでんぽうをうったらどうですか。","words":[{"text":"スミス","gloss":"Smith"},{"text":"さん","gloss":"Mr."},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"電報","gloss":"telegram","reading":"でんぽう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"うっ","gloss":"send"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"why not"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.06.m4a"},{"number":78,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.07","source":"もう少し ビールを 飲んだら どうですか。","translation":"Why don’t you have a little more beer?","reading":"もうすこしビールをのんだらどうですか。","words":[{"text":"もう","gloss":"more"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"ビール","gloss":"beer"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"飲ん","gloss":"drink","reading":"のん"},{"text":"だら","gloss":"why not"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.07.m4a"},{"number":79,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.08","source":"君は いい 月給を もらっているのだから、少しは 貯金したら どうだ。","translation":"Since you earn a good salary, why don’t you save at least a little?","reading":"きみはいいげっきゅうをもらっているのだから、すこしはちょきんしたらどうだ。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"いい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"月給","gloss":"salary","reading":"げっきゅう"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"もらっ","gloss":"earn"},{"text":"て","gloss":"earn"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"earn"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"は","gloss":"at least"},{"text":"貯金","gloss":"savings","reading":"ちょきん"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"why not"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.08.m4a"},{"number":80,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.09","source":"田中君、もう少し かん字を 勉強したら どうだ。","translation":"Tanaka, why don’t you study a few more kanji?","reading":"たなかくん、もうすこしかんじをべんきょうしたらどうだ。","words":[{"text":"田中","gloss":"Tanaka","reading":"たなか"},{"text":"君、","gloss":"Mr.","reading":"くん"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"more"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji","reading":"かんじ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"why not"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.09.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"いぬ","gloss":"dog"},{"word":"もっと","gloss":"more (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"word":"電報","gloss":"telegram"},{"word":"ビール","gloss":"beer"},{"word":"月給","gloss":"monthly wage"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Suggesting healthier habits · Pattern 2 2 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"A suggestion with a reason","paragraphs":["*君は 少し かおの色が 悪いが、早く 帰って ねたら どうだ* means \"You look a little pale, so why don't you go home early and go to bed?\"","Here, *たら どうだ* proposes an action that fits the person's condition.","A reply can accept the suggestion with *そうしよう* or reject it with a reason."]}],"lines":[{"number":81,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.10","source":"はい、これからは もう少し かん字を 勉強します。","translation":"Yes, from now on I’ll study a few more kanji.","reading":"はい、これからはもうすこしかんじをべんきょうします。","words":[{"text":"はい、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"これ","gloss":"this"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"もう","gloss":"more"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"かん字","gloss":"kanji","reading":"かんじ"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"勉強","gloss":"study","reading":"べんきょう"},{"text":"し","gloss":"do"},{"text":"ます。","gloss":"polite"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.10.m4a"},{"number":82,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.11","source":"君は 少し かおの色が 悪いが、早く 帰って ねたら どうだ。","translation":"You look a little pale, so why don’t you go home early and go to bed?","reading":"きみはすこしかおのいろがわるいが、はやくかえってねたらどうだ。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"かお","gloss":"face"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"色","gloss":"color","reading":"いろ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"早く","gloss":"early","reading":"はやく"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"go home","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"ね","gloss":"sleep"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"why not"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.11.m4a"},{"number":83,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.12","source":"うん、少し 頭も いたいので、そうしよう。","translation":"Yes, I have a bit of a headache too, so I’ll do that.","reading":"うん、すこしあたまもいたいので、そうしよう。","words":[{"text":"うん、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"頭","gloss":"head","reading":"あたま"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"い","gloss":"hurts"},{"text":"たい","gloss":"hurts"},{"text":"の","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"because"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"しよう。","gloss":"I'll do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.12.m4a"},{"number":84,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.13","source":"君は よく ふとってるなあ。あんまり ふとると、体に 悪いよ。少し やせたら どうだ。","translation":"You’ve really gained weight. If you get too heavy, it’s bad for your health. Why don’t you lose a little weight?","reading":"きみはよくふとってるなあ。あんまりふとると、からだにわるいよ。すこしやせたらどうだ。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"よく","gloss":"really"},{"text":"ふとっ","gloss":"gained weight"},{"text":"てる","gloss":"gained weight"},{"text":"なあ。","gloss":"wow"},{"text":"あんまり","gloss":"too much"},{"text":"ふとる","gloss":"gain weight"},{"text":"と、","gloss":"if"},{"text":"体","gloss":"body","reading":"からだ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"悪い","gloss":"bad","reading":"わるい"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"a little","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"やせ","gloss":"lose weight"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"why not"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.13.m4a"},{"number":85,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.14","source":"うん、今 やせようと 思って あまり 食べない 様にしているんだ。","translation":"Yes, I’m trying to lose weight now, so I’m trying not to eat very much.","reading":"うん、いまやせようとおもってあまりたべないようにしているんだ。","words":[{"text":"うん、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"今","gloss":"now","reading":"いま"},{"text":"やせよう","gloss":"try losing weight"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"思っ","gloss":"think","reading":"おもっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"あまり","gloss":"very much"},{"text":"食べ","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべ"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"not"},{"text":"様","gloss":"way","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"し","gloss":"try"},{"text":"て","gloss":"try"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"try"},{"text":"ん","gloss":"fact"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.14.m4a"},{"number":86,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.15","source":"君は ゴルフを 始めたら どうだ。","translation":"Why don’t you take up golf?","reading":"きみはゴルフをはじめたらどうだ。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"始め","gloss":"start","reading":"はじめ"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"why not"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.15.m4a"},{"number":87,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.16","source":"いや、僕は ゴルフを やる 様な ひまは ないよ。","translation":"No, I don’t have time to play golf.","reading":"いや、ぼくはゴルフをやるようなひまはないよ。","words":[{"text":"いや、","gloss":"no"},{"text":"僕","gloss":"I","reading":"ぼく"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やる","gloss":"play"},{"text":"様","gloss":"kind","reading":"よう"},{"text":"な","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ひま","gloss":"time"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"do not have"},{"text":"よ。","gloss":"I tell you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.16.m4a"},{"number":88,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.17","source":"君の くつは ずい分 よごれているね。時々 みがいたら どうだ。","translation":"Your shoes are very dirty. Why don’t you polish them from time to time?","reading":"きみのくつはずいぶんよごれているね。ときどきみがいたらどうだ。","words":[{"text":"君","gloss":"you","reading":"きみ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"くつ","gloss":"shoes"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ずい分","gloss":"very"},{"text":"よごれ","gloss":"are dirty"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are dirty"},{"text":"いる","gloss":"are dirty"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"時々","gloss":"sometimes","reading":"ときどき"},{"text":"みがい","gloss":"polish"},{"text":"たら","gloss":"why not"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"how"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"is"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.17.m4a"},{"number":89,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.18","source":"うん、そう 言えば きたないね。今晩 帰って みがこう。","translation":"Yes, now that you mention it, they are dirty. I’ll polish them when I get home tonight.","reading":"うん、そういえばきたないね。こんばんかえってみがこう。","words":[{"text":"うん、","gloss":"yes"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"so"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"say","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"if"},{"text":"きたない","gloss":"dirty"},{"text":"ね。","gloss":"right?"},{"text":"今晩","gloss":"tonight","reading":"こんばん"},{"text":"帰っ","gloss":"go home","reading":"かえっ"},{"text":"て","gloss":"and"},{"text":"み","gloss":"will polish"},{"text":"が","gloss":"will polish"},{"text":"こう。","gloss":"will polish"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.18.m4a"},{"number":90,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.19","source":"話す","translation":"To speak.","reading":"はなす","words":[{"text":"話す","gloss":"speak","reading":"はなす"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.19.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"かお","gloss":"face"},{"word":"ふとる","gloss":"to become stout (v.i.)"},{"word":"と、","gloss":"and (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"体","gloss":"body, health"},{"word":"ゴルフ","gloss":"golf"},{"word":"ずい分","gloss":"very much"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Suggesting actions from prompts · Pattern 2 3 of 3","teaching":[{"title":"Actions in suggestions","paragraphs":["*働く* means \"to work\". It is one of the action prompts for a mild suggestion.","Other prompts include *読む*, \"to read\", and *食べる*, \"to eat.\"","Each dictionary form supplies the action that changes to the past conditional before *どうだ*."]}],"lines":[{"number":91,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.20","source":"働く","translation":"To work.","reading":"はたらく","words":[{"text":"働く","gloss":"work","reading":"はたらく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.20.m4a"},{"number":92,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.21","source":"つれて行く","translation":"To take someone along.","reading":"つれていく","words":[{"text":"つれ","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"て","gloss":"take along"},{"text":"行く","gloss":"take along","reading":"いく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.21.m4a"},{"number":93,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.22","source":"なおす","translation":"To repair.","reading":"なおす","words":[{"text":"なおす","gloss":"repair"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.22.m4a"},{"number":94,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.23","source":"ぬぐ","translation":"To take off.","reading":"ぬぐ","words":[{"text":"ぬぐ","gloss":"take off"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.23.m4a"},{"number":95,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.24","source":"よぶ","translation":"To call.","reading":"よぶ","words":[{"text":"よぶ","gloss":"call"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.24.m4a"},{"number":96,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.25","source":"読む","translation":"To read.","reading":"よむ","words":[{"text":"読む","gloss":"read","reading":"よむ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.25.m4a"},{"number":97,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.26","source":"飲む","translation":"To drink.","reading":"のむ","words":[{"text":"飲む","gloss":"drink","reading":"のむ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.26.m4a"},{"number":98,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.27","source":"食べる","translation":"To eat.","reading":"たべる","words":[{"text":"食べる","gloss":"eat","reading":"たべる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.27.m4a"},{"number":99,"id":"ja.dli.L082.pt2.28","source":"見物する","translation":"To go sightseeing.","reading":"けんぶつする","words":[{"text":"見物","gloss":"sightseeing","reading":"けんぶつ"},{"text":"する","gloss":"do"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.pt2.28.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"なおす","gloss":"to correct, mend, repair (v.t.)"},{"word":"ぬぐ","gloss":"take off, undress, uncover"},{"word":"よぶ","gloss":"to call (v.t.)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Pearl production and uses · Reading Selection 1 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"Pearls and their uses","paragraphs":["The questions ask about Japan's cultured-pearl industry and Mikimoto. *真珠ようしょくの 本家本元は だれですか* asks who originated cultured pearls.","An answer names Mikimoto. Other answers identify the production center, where eighty percent of output is produced, and the uses of pearls.","*日本の しっきは どうですか* asks what Japanese lacquerware is like."]}],"lines":[{"number":100,"id":"ja.dli.L082.rd.001","source":"真珠ようしょくで 日本の 右に 出る 国が ありますか。","translation":"Is there any country that surpasses Japan in cultured pearls?","reading":"しんじゅようしょくでにほんのみぎにでるくにがありますか。","words":[{"text":"真珠","gloss":"pearls","reading":"しんじゅ"},{"text":"ようしょく","gloss":"cultivation"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"右","gloss":"surpass","reading":"みぎ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"surpass"},{"text":"出る","gloss":"surpass","reading":"でる"},{"text":"国","gloss":"country","reading":"くに"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"exist"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.rd.001.m4a"},{"number":101,"id":"ja.dli.L082.rd.002","source":"真珠ようしょくの センターは どこですか。","translation":"Where is the center of cultured-pearl production?","reading":"しんじゅようしょくのセンターはどこですか。","words":[{"text":"真珠","gloss":"pearls","reading":"しんじゅ"},{"text":"ようしょく","gloss":"cultivation"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"センター","gloss":"center"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.rd.002.m4a"},{"number":102,"id":"ja.dli.L082.rd.003","source":"日本の 真珠の 全産がくの 八十パーセントは どこで 出来ますか。","translation":"Where is eighty percent of Japan’s total pearl output produced?","reading":"にほんのしんじゅのぜんさんがくのはちじゅうパーセントはどこでできますか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"真珠","gloss":"pearls","reading":"しんじゅ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"全","gloss":"total output","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"産","gloss":"total output","reading":"さん"},{"text":"がく","gloss":"total output"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"八十","gloss":"eighty","reading":"はちじゅう"},{"text":"パーセント","gloss":"percent"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"produced","reading":"でき"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.rd.003.m4a"},{"number":103,"id":"ja.dli.L082.rd.004","source":"真珠ようしょくの 本家本元は だれですか。","translation":"Who was the original pioneer of cultured pearls?","reading":"しんじゅようしょくのほんけほんもとはだれですか。","words":[{"text":"真珠","gloss":"pearls","reading":"しんじゅ"},{"text":"ようしょく","gloss":"cultivation"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"本家","gloss":"original pioneer","reading":"ほんけ"},{"text":"本元","gloss":"original pioneer","reading":"ほんもと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"だれ","gloss":"who"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.rd.004.m4a"},{"number":104,"id":"ja.dli.L082.rd.005","source":"真珠は おもに 何に 使われますか。","translation":"What are pearls mainly used for?","reading":"しんじゅはおもになににつかわれますか。","words":[{"text":"真珠","gloss":"pearls","reading":"しんじゅ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おもに","gloss":"mainly"},{"text":"何","gloss":"what","reading":"なに"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"使わ","gloss":"are used","reading":"つかわ"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"are used"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"are used"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.rd.005.m4a"},{"number":105,"id":"ja.dli.L082.rd.006","source":"日本の しっきは どうですか。","translation":"What is Japanese lacquerware like?","reading":"にほんのしっきはどうですか。","words":[{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"しっ","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"き","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what like"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.rd.006.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"国","gloss":"country, nation"},{"word":"ます","gloss":"trout"},{"word":"だれ","gloss":"who?"},{"word":"おもに","gloss":"mainly, chiefly"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lacquerware quality and origins · Reading Selection 2 of 2","teaching":[{"title":"What gives lacquerware value","paragraphs":["The questions ask how mass production changed quality and which pieces have value as art.","*どんな しっきが げいじゅつ品として ねうちが ありますか* asks what kind of lacquerware has value as art. An answer identifies work by a famous maker.","The remaining answers state that there is no single production center and identify where the best and other famous lacquerware is made."]}],"lines":[{"number":106,"id":"ja.dli.L082.rd.007","source":"近年、しっきの 量産を やる 様に なってから、どうなりましたか。","translation":"In recent years, what has happened since lacquerware began to be mass-produced?","reading":"きんねん、しっきのりょうさんをやるようになってから、どうなりましたか。","words":[{"text":"近年、","gloss":"recent years","reading":"きんねん"},{"text":"しっ","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"き","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"量産","gloss":"mass production","reading":"りょうさん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やる","gloss":"do"},{"text":"様","gloss":"way","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て","gloss":"became"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"since"},{"text":"どう","gloss":"what"},{"text":"なり","gloss":"happened"},{"text":"まし","gloss":"happened"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.rd.007.m4a"},{"number":107,"id":"ja.dli.L082.rd.008","source":"どんな しっきが げいじゅつ品として ねうちが ありますか。","translation":"What kind of lacquerware is valuable as a work of art?","reading":"どんなしっきがげいじゅつひんとしてねうちがありますか。","words":[{"text":"どんな","gloss":"what kind"},{"text":"しっ","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"き","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"げ","gloss":"art"},{"text":"い","gloss":"art"},{"text":"じゅ","gloss":"art"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"art"},{"text":"品","gloss":"work","reading":"ひん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"as"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"ね","gloss":"value"},{"text":"うち","gloss":"value"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"あり","gloss":"has"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"polite"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.rd.008.m4a"},{"number":108,"id":"ja.dli.L082.rd.009","source":"うるしぬりの センターは どこですか。","translation":"Where is the center of lacquerware production?","reading":"うるしぬりのセンターはどこですか。","words":[{"text":"うるし","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"ぬり","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"センター","gloss":"center"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.rd.009.m4a"},{"number":109,"id":"ja.dli.L082.rd.010","source":"どこで 出来た ものが 一番 よい 物とされて いますか。","translation":"Things made where are considered the best?","reading":"どこでできたものがいちばんよいものとされていますか。","words":[{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"出来","gloss":"made","reading":"でき"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"things"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"considered"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"considered"},{"text":"て","gloss":"considered"},{"text":"い","gloss":"considered"},{"text":"ます","gloss":"considered"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.rd.010.m4a"},{"number":110,"id":"ja.dli.L082.rd.011","source":"その 外、どこで 作られた ものが 有名ですか。","translation":"Besides that, things made where are famous?","reading":"そのほか、どこでつくられたものがゆうめいですか。","words":[{"text":"その","gloss":"that"},{"text":"外、","gloss":"besides","reading":"ほか"},{"text":"どこ","gloss":"where"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"作ら","gloss":"made","reading":"つくら"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"made"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"things"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"です","gloss":"is"},{"text":"か。","gloss":"question"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.rd.011.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"近年、","gloss":"recent years"},{"word":"一番","gloss":"number one (See Grammar Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Pearls and lacquerware in Japan · Questions","teaching":[{"title":"Two Japanese crafts","paragraphs":["The passage presents Japan as the leading producer of cultured pearls. *真珠の 全産がくの 八十パーセントは ここから 出ている* attributes eighty percent of output to the Ise Bay area.","It then describes lacquerware as an art made throughout Japan. Mass production reduced quality, while pieces by famous makers have value.","The account names Aizu lacquerware as the best and also identifies Wakayama, Kamakura, and Wakasa as famous sources."]}],"lines":[{"number":111,"id":"ja.dli.L082.q.001","source":"真珠 ようしょくでは、日本の 右に 出る 国は せかいに ないだろう。真珠 ようしょくは 伊勢湾の 近くが センターで、真珠の 全産がくの 八十パーセントは ここから 出ている。ようしょく 真珠の 本家本元は 御木本で、真珠と 言えば すぐ 御木本の 名が 出る。真珠は おもに 首かざり、耳かざり、うでわ、ゆびわ、ブローチ などの そうしょく品に 使われている。日本の うるしぬりも せかいで 有名だが、近年 量産を やる 様に なってから、質が 少し 落ちて 来た","translation":"No country in the world can probably surpass Japan in pearl cultivation. The area around Ise Bay is the center of pearl cultivation, and eighty percent of the total value of pearl production comes from there. Mikimoto is the original home of cultured pearls, and when pearls are mentioned, the name Mikimoto immediately comes to mind. Pearls are used mainly for ornaments such as necklaces, earrings, bracelets, rings, and brooches. Japanese lacquerware is also famous throughout the world, but since it began to be mass-produced in recent years, its quality has declined somewhat.","reading":"しんじゅようしょくでは、にほんのみぎにでるくにはせかいにないだろう。しんじゅようしょくはいせわんのちかくがセンターで、しんじゅのぜんさんがくのはちじゅうパーセントはここからでている。ようしょくしんじゅのほんけほんもとはみきもとで、しんじゅといえばすぐみきもとのながでる。しんじゅはおもにくびかざり、みみかざり、うでわ、ゆびわ、ブローチなどのそうしょくひんにつかわれている。にほんのうるしぬりもせかいでゆうめいだが、きんねんりょうさんをやるようになってから、しつがすこしおちてきた","words":[{"text":"真珠","gloss":"pearls","reading":"しんじゅ"},{"text":"ようしょく","gloss":"cultivation"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は、","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"右","gloss":"surpass","reading":"みぎ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"surpass"},{"text":"出る","gloss":"surpass","reading":"でる"},{"text":"国","gloss":"country","reading":"くに"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"せかい","gloss":"world"},{"text":"に","gloss":"in"},{"text":"ない","gloss":"none"},{"text":"だろう。","gloss":"probably"},{"text":"真珠","gloss":"pearls","reading":"しんじゅ"},{"text":"ようしょく","gloss":"cultivation"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"伊勢","gloss":"Ise Bay","reading":"いせ"},{"text":"湾","gloss":"Ise Bay","reading":"わん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"近く","gloss":"vicinity","reading":"ちかく"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"センター","gloss":"center"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is and"},{"text":"真珠","gloss":"pearls","reading":"しんじゅ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"全","gloss":"total output","reading":"ぜん"},{"text":"産","gloss":"total output","reading":"さん"},{"text":"がく","gloss":"total output"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"八十","gloss":"eighty","reading":"はちじゅう"},{"text":"パーセント","gloss":"percent"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"text":"から","gloss":"from"},{"text":"出","gloss":"comes","reading":"で"},{"text":"て","gloss":"comes"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"comes"},{"text":"ようしょく","gloss":"cultured pearls"},{"text":"真珠","gloss":"cultured pearls","reading":"しんじゅ"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"本家","gloss":"original pioneer","reading":"ほんけ"},{"text":"本元","gloss":"original pioneer","reading":"ほんもと"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"御木本","gloss":"Mikimoto","reading":"みきもと"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"is and"},{"text":"真珠","gloss":"pearls","reading":"しんじゅ"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言え","gloss":"when mentioned","reading":"いえ"},{"text":"ば","gloss":"when mentioned"},{"text":"すぐ","gloss":"immediately"},{"text":"御","gloss":"Mikimoto","reading":"み"},{"text":"木本","gloss":"Mikimoto","reading":"きもと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"名","gloss":"name","reading":"な"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"出る。","gloss":"comes to mind","reading":"でる"},{"text":"真珠","gloss":"pearls","reading":"しんじゅ"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"おもに","gloss":"mainly"},{"text":"首かざり、","gloss":"necklaces","reading":"くびかざり"},{"text":"耳","gloss":"earrings","reading":"みみ"},{"text":"かざり、","gloss":"earrings"},{"text":"うでわ、","gloss":"bracelets"},{"text":"ゆびわ、","gloss":"rings"},{"text":"ブローチ","gloss":"brooches"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"そう","gloss":"ornaments"},{"text":"しょく","gloss":"ornaments"},{"text":"品","gloss":"ornaments","reading":"ひん"},{"text":"に","gloss":"for"},{"text":"使わ","gloss":"are used","reading":"つかわ"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"are used"},{"text":"て","gloss":"are used"},{"text":"いる。","gloss":"are used"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"うるし","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"ぬり","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"せかい","gloss":"world"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"だ","gloss":"is"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"近年","gloss":"recent years","reading":"きんねん"},{"text":"量産","gloss":"mass production","reading":"りょうさん"},{"text":"を","gloss":"object"},{"text":"やる","gloss":"do"},{"text":"様","gloss":"way","reading":"よう"},{"text":"に","gloss":"to"},{"text":"なっ","gloss":"became"},{"text":"て","gloss":"became"},{"text":"から、","gloss":"since"},{"text":"質","gloss":"quality","reading":"しつ"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"少し","gloss":"somewhat","reading":"すこし"},{"text":"落ち","gloss":"has declined","reading":"おち"},{"text":"て","gloss":"has declined"},{"text":"来","gloss":"has declined","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"has declined"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.q.001.m4a"},{"number":112,"id":"ja.dli.L082.q.002","source":"様だ。しっきは 日本では 一つの げいじゅつとして 発達して 来たもので、だれそれの 作と 言って、名の ある 人の 作ったのは げいじゅつ品として ねうちが ある 訳である。うるしぬりは 別に センターというのは なく、日本では 全国 いたる 所で 出来るが、東北地方の 会津で 作られた 物が 一番 よい 物と され、わかやま、鎌倉、わかさ などで 作られた 物も 有名である。","translation":"That seems to be the case. In Japan, lacquerware developed as an art, and pieces made by well-known artists have value as works of art. There is no particular center of lacquerware production, and it is made throughout Japan, but things made in Aizu in the Tohoku region are considered the best, and things made in Wakayama, Kamakura, and Wakasa are also famous.","reading":"ようだ。しっきはにほんではひとつのげいじゅつとしてはったつしてきたもので、だれそれのさくといって、なのあるひとのつくったのはげいじゅつひんとしてねうちがあるわけである。うるしぬりはべつにセンターというのはなく、にほんではぜんこくいたるところでできるが、とうほくちほうのあいづでつくられたものがいちばんよいものとされ、わかやま、かまくら、わかさなどでつくられたものもゆうめいである。","words":[{"text":"様","gloss":"seems so","reading":"よう"},{"text":"だ。","gloss":"seems so"},{"text":"しっ","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"き","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"一","gloss":"one","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"one"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"げ","gloss":"art"},{"text":"い","gloss":"art"},{"text":"じゅ","gloss":"art"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"art"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"as"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"発達","gloss":"developed","reading":"はったつ"},{"text":"し","gloss":"developed"},{"text":"て","gloss":"developed"},{"text":"来","gloss":"developed","reading":"き"},{"text":"た","gloss":"developed"},{"text":"もの","gloss":"thing"},{"text":"で、","gloss":"and"},{"text":"だれそれ","gloss":"so-and-so"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"作","gloss":"work","reading":"さく"},{"text":"と","gloss":"quote"},{"text":"言っ","gloss":"saying","reading":"いっ"},{"text":"て、","gloss":"saying"},{"text":"名","gloss":"name","reading":"な"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"known"},{"text":"人","gloss":"person","reading":"ひと"},{"text":"の","gloss":"'s"},{"text":"作っ","gloss":"made","reading":"つくっ"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"げ","gloss":"art"},{"text":"い","gloss":"art"},{"text":"じゅ","gloss":"art"},{"text":"つ","gloss":"art"},{"text":"品","gloss":"work","reading":"ひん"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"し","gloss":"as"},{"text":"て","gloss":"as"},{"text":"ね","gloss":"value"},{"text":"うち","gloss":"value"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"ある","gloss":"has"},{"text":"訳","gloss":"the case","reading":"わけ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"is"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"is"},{"text":"うるし","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"ぬり","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"別","gloss":"particularly","reading":"べつ"},{"text":"に","gloss":"particularly"},{"text":"センター","gloss":"center"},{"text":"と","gloss":"called"},{"text":"いう","gloss":"called"},{"text":"の","gloss":"one"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"なく、","gloss":"none"},{"text":"日本","gloss":"Japan","reading":"にほん"},{"text":"で","gloss":"in"},{"text":"は","gloss":"topic"},{"text":"全国","gloss":"nationwide","reading":"ぜんこく"},{"text":"いたる","gloss":"every"},{"text":"所","gloss":"place","reading":"ところ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"出来る","gloss":"made","reading":"できる"},{"text":"が、","gloss":"but"},{"text":"東北","gloss":"Tohoku region","reading":"とうほく"},{"text":"地方","gloss":"Tohoku region","reading":"ちほう"},{"text":"の","gloss":"of"},{"text":"会津","gloss":"Aizu","reading":"あいづ"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"作ら","gloss":"made","reading":"つくら"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"made"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"が","gloss":"subject"},{"text":"一番","gloss":"most","reading":"いちばん"},{"text":"よい","gloss":"good"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"と","gloss":"as"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"considered"},{"text":"れ、","gloss":"considered"},{"text":"わか","gloss":"Wakayama"},{"text":"やま、","gloss":"Wakayama"},{"text":"鎌倉、","gloss":"Kamakura","reading":"かまくら"},{"text":"わか","gloss":"Wakasa"},{"text":"さ","gloss":"Wakasa"},{"text":"など","gloss":"and others"},{"text":"で","gloss":"at"},{"text":"作ら","gloss":"made","reading":"つくら"},{"text":"れ","gloss":"made"},{"text":"た","gloss":"past"},{"text":"物","gloss":"things","reading":"もの"},{"text":"も","gloss":"also"},{"text":"有名","gloss":"famous","reading":"ゆうめい"},{"text":"で","gloss":"are"},{"text":"ある。","gloss":"are"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.q.002.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ここ","gloss":"here"},{"word":"いる。","gloss":"to need (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"すぐ","gloss":"right away, immediately"},{"word":"ブローチ","gloss":"brooch"},{"word":"所","gloss":"address, place"},{"word":"東北","gloss":"northeastern Honshu (See Cult Notes)"},{"word":"地方","gloss":"country, region"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Pearls, presents and suggestions · Word list 1 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Pearls and possible presents","paragraphs":["These words cover gifts and cultured pearls. *真 珠* means \"pearl\", while *プレゼント* means \"present.\"","*御木本* names Mikimoto, and *本家本元* means \"the originator.\"","The list also includes *---たらどうだ*, the expression for a mild suggestion."]}],"lines":[{"number":113,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.001","source":"真 珠","translation":"pearl","reading":"しんじゅ","words":[{"text":"真珠","gloss":"pearl","reading":"しんじゅ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.001.m4a"},{"number":114,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.002","source":"しっき","translation":"lacquerware(See Cult. Notes)","reading":"しっき","words":[{"text":"しっき","gloss":"lacquerware"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.002.m4a"},{"number":115,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.003","source":"プレゼント","translation":"present","reading":"プレゼント","words":[{"text":"プレゼント","gloss":"present"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.003.m4a"},{"number":116,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.004","source":"---たらどうだ","translation":"why don’t you do -- (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"---たらどうだ","words":[{"text":"---たらどうだ","gloss":"why don't you"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.004.m4a"},{"number":117,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.005","source":"思える","translation":"can think","reading":"おもえる","words":[{"text":"思える","gloss":"can think","reading":"おもえる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.005.m4a"},{"number":118,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.006","source":"そうだな","translation":"that’s true, isn’t it?","reading":"そうだな","words":[{"text":"そうだな","gloss":"that's true, right?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.006.m4a"},{"number":119,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.007","source":"たいくつ（する）","translation":"boring (be bored)","reading":"たいくつ（する）","words":[{"text":"たいくつ（する）","gloss":"be bored"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.007.m4a"},{"number":120,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.008","source":"御木本","translation":"P.N. (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"みきもと","words":[{"text":"御木本","gloss":"Mikimoto","reading":"みきもと"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.008.m4a"},{"number":121,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.009","source":"ようしょく真珠","translation":"cultured pearl","reading":"ようしょくしんじゅ","words":[{"text":"ようしょく真珠","gloss":"cultured pearl","reading":"ようしょくしんじゅ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.009.m4a"},{"number":122,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.010","source":"本家本元","translation":"the originator","reading":"ほんけほんもと","words":[{"text":"本家本元","gloss":"original pioneer","reading":"ほんけほんもと"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.010.m4a"},{"number":123,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.011","source":"首かざり","translation":"necklace","reading":"くびかざり","words":[{"text":"首かざり","gloss":"necklace","reading":"くびかざり"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.011.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"しっき","gloss":"lacquerware(See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"---たらどうだ","gloss":"why don’t you do -- (See Gram. Notes)"},{"word":"思える","gloss":"can think"},{"word":"そうだな","gloss":"that’s true, isn’t it?"},{"word":"たいくつ（する）","gloss":"boring (be bored)"},{"word":"ようしょく真珠","gloss":"cultured pearl"},{"word":"本家本元","gloss":"the originator"},{"word":"首かざり","gloss":"necklace"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Jewellery, decoration and quality · Word list 2 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Ornaments and related expressions","paragraphs":["These words cover ornaments, decoration, quality, and two expressions from the earlier conversations.","*耳かざり* means \"earring\", and *品* can mean \"quality\" or \"goods.\"","*そりゃあ* is a contraction of *SORE WA*."]}],"lines":[{"number":124,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.012","source":"耳かざり","translation":"earring(ear ornament)","reading":"みみかざり","words":[{"text":"耳かざり","gloss":"earring","reading":"みみかざり"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.012.m4a"},{"number":125,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.013","source":"うでわ","translation":"wrist band","reading":"うでわ","words":[{"text":"うでわ","gloss":"bracelet"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.013.m4a"},{"number":126,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.014","source":"ゆびわ","translation":"ring (for finger)","reading":"ゆびわ","words":[{"text":"ゆびわ","gloss":"ring"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.014.m4a"},{"number":127,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.015","source":"ブローチ","translation":"brooch","reading":"ブローチ","words":[{"text":"ブローチ","gloss":"brooch"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.015.m4a"},{"number":128,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.016","source":"そうしょく品","translation":"ornaments","reading":"そうしょくひん","words":[{"text":"そうしょく品","gloss":"ornaments","reading":"そうしょくひん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.016.m4a"},{"number":129,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.017","source":"そうしょく（する）","translation":"decorate (v.t.)","reading":"そうしょく（する）","words":[{"text":"そうしょく（する）","gloss":"decorate"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.017.m4a"},{"number":130,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.018","source":"けしょうばこ","translation":"toilet case, make-up box","reading":"けしょうばこ","words":[{"text":"けしょうばこ","gloss":"makeup box"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.018.m4a"},{"number":131,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.019","source":"そりゃあ","translation":"contraction of SORE WA","reading":"そりゃあ","words":[{"text":"そりゃあ","gloss":"as for that"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.019.m4a"},{"number":132,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.020","source":"---りゃ","translation":"contraction of REBA or RE WA (See Cult. Notes)","reading":"---りゃ","words":[{"text":"---りゃ","gloss":"if or as for"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.020.m4a"},{"number":133,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.021","source":"品","translation":"quality, goods","reading":"しな","words":[{"text":"品","gloss":"quality or goods","reading":"しな"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.021.m4a"},{"number":134,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.022","source":"---ところでは","translation":"as far as --- (See Gram. Notes)","reading":"---ところでは","words":[{"text":"---ところでは","gloss":"as far as"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.022.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"耳かざり","gloss":"earring(ear ornament)"},{"word":"うでわ","gloss":"wrist band"},{"word":"ゆびわ","gloss":"ring (for finger)"},{"word":"そうしょく品","gloss":"ornaments"},{"word":"そうしょく（する）","gloss":"decorate (v.t.)"},{"word":"けしょうばこ","gloss":"toilet case, make-up box"},{"word":"そりゃあ","gloss":"contraction of SORE WA"},{"word":"---りゃ","gloss":"contraction of REBA or RE WA (See Cult. Notes)"},{"word":"---ところでは","gloss":"as far as --- (See Gram. Notes)"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Lacquer, production and art · Word list 3 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Lacquerware as art","paragraphs":["These words connect lacquerware production with makers, art, and value.","*量産* means \"mass production\", and *げいじゅつ品* means \"art goods.\"","*ねうち* means \"value.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":135,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.023","source":"うるし","translation":"Japanese lacquer","reading":"うるし","words":[{"text":"うるし","gloss":"Japanese lacquer"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.023.m4a"},{"number":136,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.024","source":"うるしぬり","translation":"lacquerware","reading":"うるしぬり","words":[{"text":"うるしぬり","gloss":"lacquerware"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.024.m4a"},{"number":137,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.025","source":"有名な事は 有名なんだ","translation":"it’s famous all right (but ---)","reading":"ゆうめいなことはゆうめいなんだ","words":[{"text":"有名な事は有名なんだ","gloss":"famous all right","reading":"ゆうめいなことはゆうめいなんだ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.025.m4a"},{"number":138,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.026","source":"量産","translation":"mass production","reading":"りょうさん","words":[{"text":"量産","gloss":"mass production","reading":"りょうさん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.026.m4a"},{"number":139,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.027","source":"質","translation":"quality, nature","reading":"しつ","words":[{"text":"質","gloss":"quality or nature","reading":"しつ"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.027.m4a"},{"number":140,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.028","source":"そうか","translation":"contraction of \"SOO DESU KA\" (man talk)","reading":"そうか","words":[{"text":"そうか","gloss":"is that so?"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.028.m4a"},{"number":141,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.029","source":"げいじゅつ","translation":"art","reading":"げいじゅつ","words":[{"text":"げいじゅつ","gloss":"art"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.029.m4a"},{"number":142,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.030","source":"だれそれの作","translation":"the work of such-and-such","reading":"だれそれのさく","words":[{"text":"だれそれの作","gloss":"someone's work","reading":"だれそれのさく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.030.m4a"},{"number":143,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.031","source":"名のある人","translation":"well-known person (famous people)","reading":"なのあるひと","words":[{"text":"名のある人","gloss":"well-known person","reading":"なのあるひと"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.031.m4a"},{"number":144,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.032","source":"げいじゅつ品","translation":"art goods","reading":"げいじゅつひん","words":[{"text":"げいじゅつ品","gloss":"art goods","reading":"げいじゅつひん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.032.m4a"},{"number":145,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.033","source":"ねうち","translation":"value","reading":"ねうち","words":[{"text":"ねうち","gloss":"value"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.033.m4a"}],"grammar":[],"vocabulary":[{"word":"うるしぬり","gloss":"lacquerware"},{"word":"有名な事は有名なんだ","gloss":"it’s famous all right (but ---)"},{"word":"そうか","gloss":"contraction of \"SOO DESU KA\" (man talk)"},{"word":"げいじゅつ","gloss":"art"},{"word":"だれそれの作","gloss":"the work of such-and-such"},{"word":"名のある人","gloss":"well-known person (famous people)"},{"word":"げいじゅつ品","gloss":"art goods"},{"word":"ねうち","gloss":"value"}],"paradigms":[]},{"title":"Production, conditions and comparisons · Word list 4 of 4","teaching":[{"title":"Production and comparison","paragraphs":["These words cover production, conditions, output, centers, and comparisons.","*じょうけん* means \"condition\", and *全産がく* means \"total production.\"","*右に出る* means \"to surpass.\""]}],"lines":[{"number":146,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.034","source":"ぬる","translation":"put on, paint with (v.t.)","reading":"ぬる","words":[{"text":"ぬる","gloss":"paint"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.034.m4a"},{"number":147,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.035","source":"きまる","translation":"be set (v.i.)","reading":"きまる","words":[{"text":"きまる","gloss":"be decided"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.035.m4a"},{"number":148,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.036","source":"じょうけん","translation":"condition, term, provision","reading":"じょうけん","words":[{"text":"じょうけん","gloss":"condition"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.036.m4a"},{"number":149,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.037","source":"一がいには 言えません","translation":"cannot make a sweeping statement; cannot say unqualifiedly","reading":"いちがいにはいえません","words":[{"text":"一がいには言えません","gloss":"cannot generalize","reading":"いちがいにはいえません"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.037.m4a"},{"number":150,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.038","source":"伊勢湾","translation":"Ise Bay","reading":"いせわん","words":[{"text":"伊勢湾","gloss":"Ise Bay","reading":"いせわん"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.038.m4a"},{"number":151,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.039","source":"全産がく","translation":"total production","reading":"ぜんさんがく","words":[{"text":"全産がく","gloss":"total production","reading":"ぜんさんがく"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.039.m4a"},{"number":152,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.040","source":"センター","translation":"center","reading":"センター","words":[{"text":"センター","gloss":"center"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.040.m4a"},{"number":153,"id":"ja.dli.L082.w.041","source":"右に出る","translation":"to surpass","reading":"みぎにでる","words":[{"text":"右に出る","gloss":"surpass","reading":"みぎにでる"}],"audio":"https://audio.1732studios.com/course-ja/ja.dli.L082.w.041.m4a"}],"grammar":[{"section":6,"text":"Guide for Free Conversation\n\n1a Talk about pearl production in japan.\n\n1a(1) Where are the centers of pearl cultivation.\n\n1a(2) Pearl ornaments.\n\n1a(3) What is the most famous name in cultured pearl, etc.\n\n1b Talk about lacquerware in Japan.\n\n1c Discuss the birthday present to be given to your wife or your friend.\n\n2 Topic titles Visual cues\n\n2a Look at the pictures on Page 120 to 123 and talk about them."},{"section":7,"text":"Homework\n\n1 Memorize the Dialogue and the vocabulary.\n\n2 study the Grammar Perception Drill.\n\n3 Study the Pattern Practice and do the exercise following each pattern.\n\n4 Learn to read and write new Kanji.\n\n5 Read the Explanatory Notes.\n\n6 Read the Guide for Free Conversation and do the exercise given."}],"vocabulary":[{"word":"ぬる","gloss":"put on, paint with (v.t.)"},{"word":"じょうけん","gloss":"condition, term, provision"},{"word":"一がいには言えません","gloss":"cannot make a sweeping statement; cannot say unqualifiedly"},{"word":"伊勢湾","gloss":"Ise Bay"},{"word":"全産がく","gloss":"total production"},{"word":"右に出る","gloss":"to surpass"}],"paradigms":[]}]}